Science X Newsletter Tue, Oct 31

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 31, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Can female fertility survive harsh cancer therapy? Scientists who turned to animal models say the answer is 'yes'

Approaching and avoiding 'bad' decisions are linked with different neural communication patterns

Mining asteroids: A new method to extract metals from asteroids

GHOST finds an extremely metal-poor star

Nutraceutical acne treatment meta-analysis suggests better nutraceutical acne treatment studies are required

Study identifies human–AI interaction scenarios that lead to information cocoons

Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows

Antibiotics for common childhood infections no longer effective in many parts of the world, finds study

Salts and organics observed on Ganymede's surface by NASA's Juno

Giant planets cast a deadly pall: How they can prevent life in other solar systems

Researchers use AI to make mobile networks more efficient

The neurons that help to distinguish between very similar odors

How sunflowers 'see' the sun: Study describes a novel mechanism

Studies illustrate moderate awareness—and room for growth—with new 988 lifeline

Study directly links high insulin levels to pancreatic cancer

Nanotechnology news

	Improving nanotherapeutic vaccine delivery Northwestern Medicine scientists have developed a more effective way of creating nanotherapeutic vaccines and medicines, according to a new study published in ACS Nano.
	MXene-enhanced plasmonic sensing developed for ultrasensitive label-free miRNA detection A research group led by Prof. Yang Hui at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has proposed an ultrasensitive MXene-enhanced plasmonic biosensor for real-time and label-free detection of microRNAs (miRNAs).
	Team develops a dual metalens that can switch between shooting modes based on light conditions A collaborative research team has successfully engineered a dual metalens capable of switching between different imaging modes using a single lens. The research findings have been featured in ACS Nano.
	Successful development of the world's first superconducting wide-strip photon detector Researchers from the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology has invented a novel structure in a superconducting strip photon detector that enables highly efficient photon detection even with a wide strip, and succeeded in developing the world's first Superconducting Wide-Strip Photon Detector (SWSPD).
	Agarose-based method shows potential in understanding extracellular vesicles' role in cancer metastasis A collaborative study led by researchers from Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute has revealed the promising possibilities of using an agarose spot migration assay to examine the ability of extracellular vesicles to attract other cells in a controlled environment. The study has been recently published in the journal BMC Biology.

Physics news

	Late not great—imperfect timekeeping places significant limit on quantum computers New research from a consortium of quantum physicists, led by Trinity College Dublin's Dr. Mark Mitchison, shows that imperfect timekeeping places a fundamental limit to quantum computers and their applications. The team claims that even tiny timing errors add up to place a significant impact on any large-scale algorithm, posing another problem that must eventually be solved if quantum computers are to fulfill the lofty aspirations that society has for them.
	Scientists manipulate quantum fluids of light, bringing us closer to next-generation unconventional computing In a quantum leap toward the future of unconventional computing technologies, a team of physicists made an advancement in spatial manipulation and energy control of room-temperature quantum fluids of light, aka polariton condensates, marking a pivotal milestone for the development of high-speed, all-optical polariton logic devices that have long held the key to next-generation unconventional computing, according to a recently published paper in Physical Review Letters.
	Novel algorithm successfully improves microscopy resolution through pixel reassignment Obtaining high-resolution images in the world of microscopy has long been a challenge. Deconvolution, a method to enhance image clarity, often amplifies noise between the sample and the image. Researchers at Boston University have recently developed a novel deblurring algorithm that avoids these issues, improving the resolution of images with photon intensity conservation and local linearity.
	Reverse-engineering Jackson Pollock with a new 3D-printing technique Can a machine be trained to paint like Jackson Pollock? More specifically, can 3D printing harness Pollock's distinctive techniques to quickly and accurately print complex shapes?
	Researchers reveal nonlinear optical mechanism of β-BaB2O4 by experimental electron density As a well-known ultraviolet (UV)-vis-near-infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) material in the borate system, β-BaB2O4 (BBO) has a wide range of applications because of its outstanding NLO performance. Further analysis of the electronic structure of BBO is warranted to clarify the disputes on the second harmonic generation (SHG) mechanism and NLO functional motifs of BBO.
	New research paper on super-resolution non-linear hyper-spectral imaging technology The Academy-Research Integration Research Team, including Jae-dong Lee, Professor at the Department of Physics and Chemistry, and Hyun-min Kim, Director of the Division of Biotechnology, of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), developed super-resolution non-linear hyper-spectral imaging technology.

Earth news

	Humans are disrupting natural 'salt cycle' on a global scale, new study shows The planet's demand for salt comes at a cost to the environment and human health, according to a new scientific review led by University of Maryland Geology Professor Sujay Kaushal. Published in the journal Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, the paper revealed that human activities are making Earth's air, soil and freshwater saltier, which could pose an "existential threat" if current trends continue.
	Study reveals factors affecting response of temperate lakes to atmospheric warming As the atmosphere warms up, so do most freshwater lakes. But this isn't always the case, and little is known about why some freshwater lakes don't follow this general pattern.
	Study reveals evolution of modern-like Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) influences global climate and marine ecosystems, redistributing oceanic heat and salt, interacting with the atmosphere, and ventilating the ocean interior. However, the timing and cause of the inception of this system and its evolution remain unclear.
	Oman revives CO2-busting mangroves as climate threat lurks In a muddy wetland in Oman's capital, environmental scientist Zakiya al-Afifi measures the bark of a mangrove tree, estimating its capacity to absorb the carbon dioxide that is slowly heating the planet.
	Central America braces for Tropical Storm Pilar Central American nations braced Monday for Tropical Storm Pilar, with authorities in El Salvador reporting two deaths linked to heavy rains and wind preceding the arrival of the tempest.
	Extreme weather is outpacing even the worst-case scenarios of our forecasting models, says researcher In the wake of the destructive Hurricane Otis, we find ourselves at a pivotal moment in the history of weather forecasting. The hurricane roared ashore with 165mph winds and torrential rainfall, slamming into the coastal city of Acapulco, Mexico, and claiming the lives of at least 48 people.
	Carbon budget for 1.5°C will run out in six years at current emissions levels, says new research If humanity wants to have a 50/50 chance of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, we can only emit 250 another gigatons (billion metric tons) of CO2. This effectively gives the world just six years to get to net zero, according to calculations in our new paper published in Nature Climate Change.
	The Beetaloo gas field is a climate bomb. How did CSIRO modeling make it look otherwise? Even as Australia braces for a summer of projected extreme heat waves and bushfires amid the intensifying climate crisis, the fossil gas industry is gearing up for a truly enormous new fracking project in the Northern Territory's Beetaloo Basin.
	Study calls for better inclusion of women in environmental decision making in Nigeria A study has shed light on the critical importance of women's participation in environmental decision-making processes, particularly in regions where it poses a significant threat to livelihoods and well-being.
	Northern China chokes under severe pollution Tens of millions of people across northern China were under severe pollution warnings Tuesday, with authorities urging them to reduce outdoor activities as a grayish smog enveloped the region.
	Rainforest villages in French Guiana cut off by loss of airline French Guianans say they urgently need new roads after the loss of the South American territory's only airline left a tenth of the population cut off from urban areas.
	Niger Delta is rich in resources, but environmental destruction is pushing people into poverty Nigeria's Niger Delta region is rich in natural resources. Its vast oil and gas deposits are the mainstay of the country's economy.
	Tropical storm Pilar causes heavy rains as it scrapes past Central America Tropical storm Pilar scraped past Central America Tuesday, causing heavy rains along the Pacific coast but growing less likely to make landfall.
	A month before global climate talks, agreement remains elusive Nothing has yet been agreed between the nearly 200 countries that will meet at the COP28 climate talks in Dubai, with two days of preparatory talks in Abu Dhabi failing to produce any major breakthrough, participants said Tuesday.

Astronomy and Space news

	Mining asteroids: A new method to extract metals from asteroids Extraterrestrial mining and metal processing are key strategies for space exploration. In a new study in Scientific Reports, Rodolfo Marin Rivera, and a team of scientists in materials science, conducted catalytic dissolution of metals from meteorite proxies of metal-rich asteroids by using a deep eutectic solvent. These solvents are important for extraterrestrial mining since they can be designed to have relatively low vapor pressures and can comprise organic waste products from extraterrestrial settlements.
	GHOST finds an extremely metal-poor star An international team of astronomers reports the detection of a new extremely metal-poor star using the Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST) at the Gemini South telescope in Chile. The finding was presented in a paper published October 25 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Salts and organics observed on Ganymede's surface by NASA's Juno Data collected by NASA's Juno mission indicates a briny past may be bubbling to the surface on Jupiter's largest moon.
	Giant planets cast a deadly pall: How they can prevent life in other solar systems Giant gas planets can be agents of chaos, ensuring nothing lives on their Earth-like neighbors around other stars. New studies show, in some planetary systems, the giants tend to kick smaller planets out of orbit and wreak havoc on their climates.
	3 astronauts return to Earth after 6-month stay on China's space station Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth on Tuesday morning after six months aboard China's orbiting space station.
	Want to find life? Compare a planet to its neighbors With thousands of known exoplanets and tens of thousands likely to be discovered in the coming decades, it could be only a matter of time before we discover a planet with life. The trick is proving it. So far the focus has been on observing the atmospheric composition of exoplanets, looking for molecular biosignatures that would indicate the presence of life.
	JWST searches for planets in the Fomalhaut system The Fomalhaut system is nearby in astronomical terms, and it's also one of the brightest stars in the night sky. That means astronomers have studied it intensely over the years. Now that we have the powerful James Webb Space Telescope the observations have intensified.
	NASA's Lucy spacecraft ready for first asteroid encounter NASA's Lucy spacecraft is on track for its first asteroid encounter on Nov. 1. Lucy's optical navigation team has confirmed that the latest trajectory correction maneuver on Sept 29 accurately set the spacecraft on course for its flyby of the small main belt asteroid Dinkinesh. The spacecraft is anticipated to pass approximately 265 miles (425 km) from the asteroid at 12:54 p.m. EDT.
	NASA C-130 makes first-ever flight to Antarctica for GUSTO balloon mission On Oct. 28, 2023, NASA's C-130 Hercules and crew safely touched down at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, after an around-the-globe journey to deliver the agency's Galactic/Extragalactic ULDB Spectroscopic Terahertz Observatory (GUSTO). The United States research station, operated by the National Science Foundation, is host to NASA's Antarctic long-duration balloon campaign in which the GUSTO mission will take a scientific balloon flight beginning December 2023.
	Image: Rusty red waters in Madagascar Iron-rich sediment colors the red-orange waters of the Betsiboka River Delta in Madagascar in this image taken by an astronaut on the International Space Station on Sept. 30, 2023. The sediment can clog waterways in the delta's estuarial environment, but it can also form new islands that become colonized by mangroves.
	Balloon animals and bouncy castles on the moon: The case for inflatable habitats Every year, NASA's Breakthrough, Innovative, and Game-Changing (BIG) Idea Challenge invites student innovators to build and demonstrate concepts that can benefit future human missions to the moon and beyond. This year's theme is "Inflatable Systems for Lunar Operations," which could greatly reduce the mass and stowed volume of payloads sent to the moon.

Technology news

	Study identifies human–AI interaction scenarios that lead to information cocoons The widespread use of AI algorithms, particularly algorithms designed to recommend content and products to users based on their previous activity online, has led to the rise of new phenomena known as social media echo chambers and information cocoons. These phenomena pose limitations in the information presented to users online, prompting them to only read content that resonates with their outlook on life, views and opinions.
	Researchers use AI to make mobile networks more efficient A new artificial intelligence (AI) model, developed by the University of Surrey, could help the UK's telecommunications network save up to 76% in network resources compared to the market's most robust Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) system—and improve the environmental sustainability of mobile networks by using less energy.
	Just like your brain, ChatGPT solves problems better when it slows down When presented with a problem, your brain has two ways to proceed: quickly and intuitively or slowly and methodically. These two types of processing are known as System 1 and System 2, or as the Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman memorably described them, "fast" and "slow" thinking.
	Research team develops fast-charging hybrid microbial fuel cell and CO2 electrolyzer based on formic acid Formic acid, which can be produced electrochemically from carbon dioxide, is a promising energy carrier. A Chinese research team has now developed a fast-charging hybrid battery system that combines the electrochemical generation of formic acid as an energy carrier with a microbial fuel cell.
	Quantum dot surface stabilization strategy offers both efficiency and stability in next-gen solar cells A research team has proposed a new surface stabilization strategy that maximizes stability and efficiency by effectively reducing defects in the surface of perovskite quantum dots.
	Developing batteries with 10 times the energy storage To meet the rising global demand for electric vehicles, we need new and improved batteries. One promising candidate are all-solid-state lithium sulfur batteries. They can store nearly 10 times the amount of energy as traditional lithium-ion batteries, according to researcher Justin Kim.
	A surprising finding shows that light can make water evaporate without heat could enable new approaches to desalination Evaporation is happening all around us all the time, from the sweat cooling our bodies to the dew burning off in the morning sun. But science's understanding of this ubiquitous process may have been missing a piece all this time.
	China's electric bus revolution glides on On a rainy afternoon in Shenzhen, damp passengers jostle their way onto the megacity's buses, the quiet foot soldiers of an electric revolution for coal-guzzling China's public transport network.
	Charging ahead: Dutch eye boost to 'fast charger' EV network At a service station near Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, a steady stream of motorists charge up their electric vehicles at "ultra-fast" power points. The whole process takes less than 20 minutes.
	Samsung Electronics says Q3 operating profits down but flags 2024 chip recovery South Korea's Samsung Electronics said Tuesday that its operating profits for the July to September period were down nearly 80 percent, but forecast that a prolonged slump in the memory chip market was coming to an end.
	Why Meta could struggle to defend itself against state lawsuits over alleged harm to kids In what could be a landmark moment in the world of tech, attorneys general in 41 states and Washington, D.C., are suing Meta for knowingly endangering children and getting them addicted to Facebook and Instagram, despite statements to the contrary.
	Toyota more than doubles investment and job creation at North Carolina battery plant Toyota will invest an additional $8 billion in the hybrid and electric vehicle battery factory it's constructing in North Carolina, more than doubling its prior investments and expected number of new jobs, the company announced Tuesday.
	Hey, Siri: Moderate AI voice speed encourages digital assistant use, study finds Voice speed and interaction style may determine whether a user sees a digital assistant like Alexa or Siri as a helpful partner or something to control, according to a team led by Penn State researchers. The findings reveal insights into the parasocial, or one-sided, relationships that people can form with digital assistants, according to the researchers.
	Q&A: Biden's executive order on AI brings awareness to emerging technology but lacks enforcement mechanism President Joe Biden has issued a sweeping executive order aimed at steering the development of artificial intelligence technologies. It's the first order of its kind to come out of the federal government directly related to regulating the emerging technology.
	The US just issued the world's strongest action yet on regulating AI. Here's what to expect On Monday US President Joe Biden released a wide ranging and ambitious executive order on artificial intelligence (AI)—catapulting the US to the front of conversations about regulating AI.
	Replacing front-line workers with AI can be a bad idea. Here's why AI chatbots are already widely used by businesses to greet customers and answer their questions—either over the phone or on websites. Some companies have found that they can, to some extent, replace humans with machines in call center roles.
	AI could be used to develop bioweapons if not regulated urgently, says new report A new report from the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) is calling on governments to take urgent steps to manage the threat of artificial intelligence developed "global biological catastrophe."
	Biden approves largest offshore wind project in US history President Joe Biden's administration on Tuesday approved a plan to build the United States' largest ever offshore wind farm, which would power hundreds of thousands of homes with clean energy.
	Gallaudet has a history of technological innovation with wide applications. The latest is a helmet Shelby Bean could not help but feel a bit jealous.
	AI data fusion could boost sustainability A new framework that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and data fusion techniques could improve product inspection for sustainability and within the context of the so-called circular economy, according to research published in the International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing. This work could help address the demands for environmental responsibility across various industries.
	The wake effect: Offshore wind farms can 'steal' wind from one another Offshore wind farms can reduce the availability of downstream wind resources of other farms by as much as 20% within 50 kilometers, due to so-called wake effects. "Wake effect" is the turbulence that occurs in the wake of a wind turbine when the wind passes through it. This turbulence will reduce production for affected turbines in the wake. This result been shown by interdisciplinary research from the University of Bergen (UiB).
	Training underwater robots to find charging stations on the seabed NTNU's largest laboratory—the Trondheim fjord—is something of an El Dorado for researchers developing underwater robots. A charging station has been installed on the seabed, and to ensure the robots can find the shortest route to the charging station, they train in the fjord.
	Research team develops an AI model for effectively removing biases in a dataset The research team of Professor Sang-hyun Park, at Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology's (DGIST) Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, has developed a new image translation model that could effectively reduce biases in data.
	Wearable heart monitor ticks all the boxes for better health care, says study A new compact, lightweight, gel-free and waterproof electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor offers more comfort and less skin irritation, compared to similar heart monitoring devices on the market.
	Improving the world á la Silicon Valley: An analysis of solutionist ethic and the spirit of digital capitalism How strongly are the ideas of Mark Zuckerberg or Elon Musk influencing today's digital economy? An economic sociologist at the University of Basel has analyzed speeches, book contributions and articles from Silicon Valley, demonstrating the emergence of a new spirit of digital capitalism.
	Improved wind speed forecasts can help urban power generation, according to new research Wind-generated electricity will play a vital role in global energy capacity as humanity pivots away from fossil fuels towards renewables. Wind speed is a key parameter in estimating wind energy potentials in a location. But predicting wind speed is a difficult task. That presents a challenge for utilities that need to rely on reliable estimates to power their grids.
	Human input boosts citizens' acceptance of AI and perceptions of fairness, study shows Increasing human input when AI is used for public services boosts acceptance of the technology, a new study shows.
	Stellantis beats forecasts despite US strike Stellantis beat analyst forecasts with a jump in third quarter sales despite the automaker acknowledging Tuesday the strike by its US workers cost $3.2 billion in lost revenue.
	Vodafone sells Spain unit for up to 5.0 bn euros British mobile phone giant Vodafone announced Tuesday the sale of its Spanish division to investment fund Zegona for up to 5.0 billion euros ($5.3 billion), as part of an ongoing overhaul.
	Ex-Amazonian critical of return-to-office mandate says she was forced out Standing outside Amazon's Seattle headquarters in May, Pamela Hayter told her colleagues she wasn't nervous.
	Assessing permanent damage to self-healing polymers in soft robots A new study assesses the maximum number of damage and healing cycles a self-healing actuator can endure. The study, which presents a method to automatically and autonomously assess the repeatable healability of a soft self-healing actuator, is published in the journal Robotics Reports.
	Antitrust trial pits JetBlue against Biden administration Midsized carrier JetBlue began squaring off in court Tuesday against the US Department of Justice in a closely-watched challenge to the Biden administration's antitrust policy.
	Bankman-Fried struggles in final day of court testimony Former crypto tycoon Sam Bankman-Fried struggled on Tuesday to explain his behavior during the last days of his FTX empire, as prosecutors shone a light on his willingness to take massive risks.

Chemistry news

	New analytical approach to detecting and characterizing unknown types of PFAS in the environment A combined team of chemists from North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has developed a new approach to detecting and characterizing unknown types of PFAS in the environment. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes their new approach.
	Scientists copy melanin formation processes to fabricate multi-functional organic pigments The research team of Seon-ki Hong, Professor at the Department of Physics and Chemistry of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), has developed the Progressive Assembly on an Initiator-loaded Template (PAINT) technology that can locally fabricate multi-functional organic pigments at desired areas by copying natural melanin formation processes.
	Researchers devise cleaner, more efficient production of key input for detergents Conventional techniques of generating alkylbenzene, a key input in the production of detergents, produce toxic halogen byproducts, but researchers have devised a new technique that offers a more efficient, cheaper and cleaner manufacturing process of the substance.
	Velvet worm slime could inspire sustainable synthetic materials, study finds In the tropical, temperate forests it calls home, the velvet worm uses a projectile "slime" to capture its prey. When it's ejected from the worm, the slime transforms into a gel before solidifying into stiff fibers upon exposure to air. This forms an inescapable trap for struggling prey.
	Researchers develop novel moisture resistant epoxy-based ultralong organic phosphorescence materials Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials can be applied in fields such as displays, sensing, information encryption, bioimaging. Among these, polymeric UOPs have attracted much attention due to good film-forming stability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for large-scale production. However, achieving good water/moisture-resistance for long-term environmental stability remains a challenge.
	Modeling polymers for next-generation manufacturing and sustainability Polymers are large molecules that are made by linking a series of identical building blocks. They are attractive for manufacturing because they are inexpensive and easy to process and modify.
	Automating pharmaceutical spray drying for accelerated drug development Pharmaceutical drug development relies heavily on the creation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) to enhance the dissolution rate and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Developing ASDs with the desired physico-chemical properties is a complex and time-consuming process that often involves the manual preparation of numerous sample compositions with varying ratios of API and excipients.
	A powerful tool for rapid natural product gem-dimethylation modification in drug design Tylophorine has diverse biological activities; however, the stability, solubility, and central nervous system toxicity have severely limited use of tylophorine. The gem-dimethyl group is an organic chemistry functional group that consists of two methyl groups bonded to the same carbon atom. This feature has gained significant attention in medicinal chemistry due to its unique properties and potential applications in drug design.
	Bidirectional host-guest interactions promote selective photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction The construction of highly efficient artificial photosynthesis systems to convert CO2 into versatile chemicals is a sustainable pathway to alleviate global warming and the ongoing energy crisis. To bring artificial photosynthetic technologies towards practical applications, a carbon cycle of CO2 reduction coupled with H2O oxidation is considered to be an ideal approach to convert solar energy into chemical energy, as performed by photosynthesis in nature.
	Sustainable and green development of magnesium production technology: A life-cycle perspective Magnesium, the lightest metallic structural material, has been referred to as the most promising material for green engineering in the 21st century. Currently, magnesium finds extensive application in various sectors, including automotive manufacturing, railway transportation, 3C consumer electronics, aerospace production, and within prominent companies like Tesla and Apple.

Biology news

	How sunflowers 'see' the sun: Study describes a novel mechanism Sunflowers famously turn their faces to follow the sun as it crosses the sky. But how do sunflowers "see" the sun to follow it? New work from plant biologists at the University of California, Davis, published Oct. 31 in PLOS Biology, shows that they use a different, novel mechanism from that previously thought.
	New proterosuchid species from 250 million years ago found in India A small international team of paleontologists has discovered a new species of proterosuchid in India dating back 250 million years ago. In their paper published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the group describes where the fossil was found and how it fits in with other archosauriforms from the period.
	Housecats use hundreds of facial expressions to interact with other cats Brittany Florkiewicz, an assistant professor of psychology at Lyon College, and Lauren Scott, a medical student at the University of Kansas Medical Center, have together found that housecats have hundreds of facial expressions that they use when interacting with other cats. In their study, reported in the journal Behavioral Processes, the pair recorded and analyzed the facial expressions of a large number of domesticated housecats residing in a cat cafe in Los Angeles.
	Unlocking the power of peas: Genetic discovery promises high-iron vegetables and cereals A genetic breakthrough has opened new opportunities for iron-fortified vegetables and cereal crops to help address the global health issue of anemia.
	Atomic picture of dengue replication could transform antiviral approaches A detailed atomic exploration into how the dengue virus replicates its genome could catalyze the development of high-precision targeted antiviral therapeutics.
	Researchers discover how a fly species gained sole access to a fruit in the Seychelles A team led by University of California, Riverside, scientists has cracked the puzzle of why Drosophila sechellia, a fly endemic to the Seychelles, is the only fly attracted to a fruit growing on this archipelago of islands in the Indian Ocean.
	Extreme environments leave genomic imprint in tiny organisms: Study The signature written in genomic DNA has long been linked to ancestry, not to geographic location. But a recent study using AI from Western University, published in Scientific Reports, provides evidence that living in extreme temperature environments leaves a discernible imprint on the genomes of microbial extremophiles.
	Researchers observe wolves hunting and killing sea otters and harbor seals on Alaska's Katmai coast Firsthand observations of a wolf hunting and killing a harbor seal and a group of wolves hunting and consuming a sea otter on Alaska's Katmai coast have led scientists to reconsider assumptions about wolf hunting behavior.
	The complicated ecology of pit latrines A new study sheds light on the complex microbial ecosystems found in pit latrines, which are used by billions of people around the world. The findings are relevant for efforts to both improve public health and reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with global climate change.
	Scientists train AI to illuminate drugs' impact on largest family of cellular targets An ideal medicine for one person may prove ineffective or harmful for someone else, and predicting who could benefit from a given drug has been difficult. Now, an international team led by neuroscientist Kirill Martemyanov, Ph.D., based at The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, is training artificial intelligence to assist.
	We need a single list of all life on Earth, and most taxonomists now agree on how to start Species lists are one of the unseen pillars of science and society. Lists of species underpin our understanding of the natural world, threatened species management, quarantine, disease control and much else besides.
	The unraveling of a protist genome could unlock the mystery of marine viruses Viruses are the most prevalent biological entities in the world's oceans and play essential roles in its ecological and biogeochemical balance. Yet, they are the least understood elements of marine life.
	Climate-smart cows could deliver 10–20x more milk in Global South A team of animal scientists from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is set to deliver a potential game changer for subsistence farmers in Tanzania: cows that produce up to 20 times the milk of indigenous breeds.
	Study sheds light on evolution of brain folding in cerebellum of mammals Scientists have characterized the folding of the cerebellar cortex using data from a sample of 56 mammalian species, allowing them to study the diversity and evolution of cerebellar folding and its relationship with the anatomy of the cerebrum.
	Australasia's hidden pollination crisis could threaten biodiversity and food security Australasia has likely overlooked a pollination crisis, according to new research published today in the journal Ecology and Evolution. The research, led by Macquarie University, also underscores a pressing need for intervention to avoid biodiversity loss and long-term food insecurity in the region.
	Monarch butterflies appear to be everywhere these days. Is the crisis over? The anecdotes abound this year—friends reporting magical clusters of monarch butterflies on their walks, dozens of organizations offering free giveaways of native milkweed, and projects to restore habitat, even a lone monarch gracefully fluttering outside my window as i'm writing these words.
	Project traces 60 million years of elephant evolution and how humans may be the species' undoing In 2013, University of Michigan researcher Bill Sanders was invited to the Arabian Peninsula by an international team studying fossils and fossil sites in Abu Dhabi.
	Research shows shifting nesting timing not enough to prevent fewer sea turtle hatchlings New research led by a Florida State University professor shows that potential adaptive responses by sea turtles, such as shifting the timing of when they nest, may not be enough to counteract the projected impacts from climate change on hatchling production.
	Fire-smart farming: How the crops we plant could help reduce risk of wildfires on agricultural landscapes Destructive wildfires continue to threaten lives, property and the environment throughout the world.
	Advanced assisted reproduction in white rhinos is safe and reliable: Evaluation of procedures The BioRescue project develops and pioneers advanced assisted reproduction technologies (aART) for conservation in the face of the imminent extinction of most rhino species and subspecies. In a new analysis published in the journal Reproduction, the team evaluated 65 aART procedures conducted from 2015 to 2022.
	Middle East know-how can help feed drier, hotter world The Middle East's expertise in handling heat could be of benefit worldwide, writes Aly Abousabaa, director general of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and CGIAR's regional director for Central and West Asia and North Africa.
	Proteins in ancient skeletons could provide key insights into human evolution Humankind's genetic links to long-extinct relatives are being mapped in a rapidly expanding research field called paleoproteomics.
	Quokkas learning to adapt to prescribed burns Quokkas are more than the "happiest animal in the world."
	Researchers develop new model to advance equestrian research The University of Kentucky Sports Medicine Research Institute (SMRI) has developed a new approach to the research, health and safety of equestrian sports.
	Researcher studies effects of Amazon mega dams on biodiversity and local communities One West Virginia University researcher is working to protect the communities and economies often affected when companies move in to harness a region's natural resources.
	Induced production of specialized steroids by transcriptional reprogramming in Petunia hybrida Plants produce a dizzying array of chemical compounds known as secondary metabolites, which help them flourish under fluctuating environmental conditions. Some of these metabolites defend against insect attack, while others help plants communicate, time life cycle events, or attract pollinators, among other functions.
	Team finds that the bivalve mollusk Anadara kagoshimensis can endure high water salinity Hypersalinity is a condition in which water contains a high concentration of salt. In soft reservoirs, the concentration of salt is not high, and in hypersaline water the percentage of salt is 40% and higher. Hypersalinity is characteristic of salt lakes and bays where fresh water evaporates faster than new water manages to replenish.
	Elucidating the genetic basis of downy mildew resistance in spinach with skim resequencing: RPF2 and RPF3 loci The cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a popular and nutritious vegetable, is majorly threatened by the downy mildew disease. This disease is caused by the host-specific pathogen Peronospora effusa, which has evolved into 19 distinct races.
	Unlocking BABA-induced resistance in tomato: A comprehensive multi-omics analysis Plants have always been susceptible to various environmental stresses and attacks by pests and pathogens. Over time, they have evolved multiple defense mechanisms to repel potential attackers. However, the basal immune responses typically only slow down the colonization of pathogens, ultimately leading to significant global losses in plant production caused by fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, insects, and nematodes.
	Unprecedented artificial potassium channels better mimic those of electric eels Biological potassium ion channels allow selective permeation of larger K+ (ionic radius of 1.3 Å) over smaller Na+ (1.0 Å) with selectivity ratio over 1,000-fold. For decades, scientists have long sought to mimic these marvels in artificial systems, but have fallen far short of matching the exquisite ion discrimination of natural protein channels. Typically, the K+/Na+ selectivity ratio of existing artificial potassium channels is less than 40-fold.
	Elucidating xylem reconnection mechanisms in interfamily grafting: Molecular insights and implications Grafting is a horticultural technique that has been utilized since ancient times to propagate ornamental and fruit trees, with its application extended to vegetable cultivation in recent decades. Central to its success is the graft union establishment, which relies on wound healing, cell adhesion, and vascular connection.
	New study reveals alarming gap in dogs, heartworm prevention A new paper published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science revealed a concerning finding: Less than 40% of dogs in the longitudinal Golden Retriever Lifetime Study were on preventive heartworm medications at baseline. This is a troubling discovery, as heartworm disease is a serious and potentially fatal condition that is preventable in dogs.
	Brazil's booming ag sector draws cash and controversy With its massive output of soybeans, beef, cotton and now corn, Brazil has become one of the world's top agricultural powers. But its agribusiness industry also faces criticism, especially over destruction of the Amazon rainforest.
	Elephants: Earth's giant climate change canaries In 2013, University of Michigan researcher Bill Sanders was invited to the Arabian Peninsula by an international team studying fossils and fossil sites in Abu Dhabi.
	Beaver family that moved into Seattle park may complicate salmon-spawning journey Called by the sound of flowing water and ample trees, a family of beavers have moved into Carkeek Park, building a series of dams along the mouth of Pipers Creek.
	A joint model for predicting circRNA-RBP binding sites based on deep learning The interaction between circRNAs and RBPs is related to many diseases, especially cancers. Understanding the mechanism of the interaction and predicting their binding sites is critical.
	Efficient practices and facilities key to reducing labor on Irish family dairy farms A core strength of the Irish dairy industry is the role of the family in the operation of the dairy farm. However, the success of family farms is also highly dependent on conducting a labor-efficient farming operation.

Medicine and Health news

	Can female fertility survive harsh cancer therapy? Scientists who turned to animal models say the answer is 'yes' Cancer treatment can rob childbearing-age women of fertility, but new research has uncloaked how the body's own traitor protein conspires with chemo and other harsh therapies against the ovaries' primordial follicles, home of immature oocytes—the entire ovarian egg reserve.
	Approaching and avoiding 'bad' decisions are linked with different neural communication patterns Human decision-making has been the focus of countless neuroscience studies, which try to identify the neural circuits and brain regions that support different types of decisions. Some of these research efforts focus on the choices humans make while gambling and taking risks, yet the neural underpinnings of these choices have not yet been fully elucidated.
	Nutraceutical acne treatment meta-analysis suggests better nutraceutical acne treatment studies are required A meta-analysis by the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, has found a possible role for nutraceutical supplements in treating acne, one that will require better research practices to reveal their effectiveness.
	Antibiotics for common childhood infections no longer effective in many parts of the world, finds study A new study has found that drugs to treat common infections in children and babies are no longer effective in large parts of the world, due to high rates of antibiotic resistance.
	The neurons that help to distinguish between very similar odors Order wine at a fancy restaurant, and the sommelier might describe its aroma as having notes of citrus, tropical fruit, or flowers. Yet, when you take a whiff, it might just smell like … wine. How can wine connoisseurs pick out such similar scents?
	Studies illustrate moderate awareness—and room for growth—with new 988 lifeline Two studies led by researchers at NYU's School of Global Public Health and Silver School of Social Work and published in JAMA Network Open show emerging awareness of the new 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline among both policymakers and the general public—but also point to potential areas of improvement for the vital nationwide service.
	Study directly links high insulin levels to pancreatic cancer A new study from researchers at the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Medicine reveals a direct link between high insulin levels, common among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic cancer.
	New electrode design promises major improvements in wearable electrocardiograms Nearly 200 million people around the globe have coronary heart disease, which accounts for about one in every six deaths, according to the British Heart Foundation. That's why the recent and rapid rise in wearable electronic health-monitoring devices with heart rate-measuring electrocardiograms (ECG) represents a significant step forward. By detecting cardiovascular ailments and helping assess overall cardiac health, wearable ECGs save lives, not to mention exorbitant hospital care costs.
	Researchers use AI to identify potential gonorrhea vaccine proteins Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that affects more than 80 million people worldwide every year, has become resistant to almost all known antibiotics. That makes it notoriously difficult to treat, but left untreated, an infection could lead to serious or even fatal complications. It also increases a person's risk of contracting HIV.
	Study investigates virus spread in cruise ship cabins: More ventilation does not mean safer conditions When COVID-19 began to spread across the globe, its effects were significantly pronounced on cruise ships. Indeed, compared to other population segments, cruise ship passengers became disproportionately infected and often, ironically, stranded on board to quarantine. That's why focus has been directed at addressing the need for improved ventilation on cruise ships— since dispersing fresh air in cabins and other enclosed spaces is critical for mitigating viral spread.
	Researchers identify early warning signs for severe dengue fever in children Researchers from UNSW Sydney and Stanford University have shown that dengue virus can disrupt the immune system in children, leading to more severe disease. These changes in the immune system, referred to as "immune confusion," could be used to diagnose at-risk patients and targeted with therapeutics.
	Mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa shows key biochemical, diagnostic features of human disease Retinal degeneration in the disease retinitis pigmentosa is caused by a family of hereditary mutations that slowly lead to blindness over years or decades. A mouse model of one of these forms of retinitis pigmentosa, RP59, exhibits key biochemical and diagnostic features of human RP59.
	Prices vary widely for same health services, study finds Health care prices—the negotiated rates between insurers and providers such as hospitals and doctors—vary widely across geography even for the same insurer, according to a new study.
	Normal blood flow may stabilize plaque, lower odds of cardiac events Plaque afflicts more than just teeth. A cholesterol-infused version of the stuff can also coat the inner lining of arteries, sometimes hardening and narrowing those canals to the point that oxygen-ferrying blood slows and struggles to reach the heart. Yet the rupturing of those fatty plaques can prove even more dangerous, causing blood clots that block arteries, yielding heart attacks and strokes.
	Brain signals can predict how often a news article is shared online For years, researchers at the Communication Neuroscience Lab at the Annenberg School for Communication and their partners have been studying why some information, like news articles or memes, get shared widely online. More specifically, they ask the question, "What goes on in people's minds when they decide to hit that share button?"
	How do we decide what to look at next? A computational model has the answer Imagine you are looking out the window: a small bird is flying across the blue sky, and a girl with a red baseball cap is walking along the sidewalk, passing by two people sitting on a bench. You might think that you are "just seeing" what is happening, but the truth is that to make sense of the world around us, we constantly make active decisions about where to look.
	Study reveals link between air pollution and incidence of Parkinson's disease A new study led by researchers at Barrow Neurological Institute has found that people living in regions with median levels of air pollution have a 56% greater risk of developing Parkinson's disease compared to those living in regions with the lowest level of air pollution.
	Study shows DNA organization can influence the growth of deadly brain tumors in response to neuronal signals A pioneering study at Umeå University, Sweden, has unveiled that the 3D organization of DNA can influence the progression of the aggressive brain tumor known as glioblastoma. Having identified the factors that glioblastoma uses to respond to neurons by growing and spreading, this discovery paves the way for further research into new treatments for brain tumors.
	New tool reveals the impact of 'jumping genes' on diseases RIKEN geneticists have developed a tool that can quickly and accurately analyze variants in mobile genetic elements, commonly known as "jumping genes." This promises to shed light on the role such variants play in disease.
	New genes linked to ADHD identified, potentially paving the way for new treatments Several new genes associated with conditions such as Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been identified, unearthing a significant connection between these disorders and our immune system that could lead to new treatments. The research from the University of Surrey, now published in Translational Psychiatry, also confirms the role of gene ADGRL3 in conditions such as ADHD, giving scientists a greater understanding of its workings.
	Gremlin 1 cells discovery offers hope to treat and reverse osteoarthritis Current osteoarthritis treatment manages symptoms rather than addressing the underlying disease, but a new University of Adelaide study has shown the condition may be treatable and reversible. The research is published in the journal Nature Communications.
	New tool makes it easier to diagnose tuberculosis in children An international research consortium led by Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) has tested a rapid new analytical tool which needs just a blood sample from the fingertip.
	Researchers map converging trajectories of cognitive development through adolescence At what age does an adolescent start thinking as an adult? A new study published this week in Nature Communications presents some of the first definitive evidence that executive function—a set of cognitive skills underlying the ability to plan, seamlessly switch from task to task, resist tempting distractions and focus on a task at hand—usually matures by the time an individual turns 18 years old.
	Sets of neurons work in sync to track 'time' and 'place,' giving humans context for past, present and future Two studies led by UCLA researchers offer new insights into the way neurons in the human brain represent time and space—the most basic ingredients of consciousness of human existence and the primary dimensions of experience that allow us to reconstruct the past and envision the future.
	The first oncogene was found more than 40 years ago: Research discovers it has a previously unknown mechanism of action In the late 1970s, the relationship between the c-Src gene and cancer was discovered. The first oncogene was identified. Since then, c-Src has been found to be overactivated in half of colon, liver, lung, breast, prostate and pancreatic tumors, but its function is not yet fully understood.
	Anesthesia technology precisely controls unconsciousness in animal tests If anesthesiologists had a rigorous means to manage dosing, they could deliver less medicine, maintaining exactly the right depth of unconsciousness while reducing postoperative cognitive side effects in vulnerable groups like the elderly. But with myriad responsibilities for keeping anesthetized patients alive and stable, as well as maintaining their profoundly unconscious state, anesthesiologists don't have the time without the technology.
	Next-generation influenza B vaccines provide broad and long-lasting protection against flu viruses in preclinical tests Recent preclinical results indicate novel next-generation vaccine candidates developed at Cleveland Clinic protect against multiple strains of influenza and last longer than vaccines currently in use.
	Professor discovers how to reduce suicide risk in patients with chronic pain People who live with chronic pain can improve their sense of belonging and reduce feelings of being a burden to others and, in turn, the likelihood that they will kill themselves by "making peace with their pain," according to a study by UTSA Assistant Professor of Psychology Willie Hale.
	Study finds COVID vaccination in female or male partners does not increase risk of miscarriage Multiple studies have shown that the COVID-19 vaccines do not lead to infertility or pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, but many people are still wary of adverse effects from the vaccine on pregnancy.
	Research shows General Education Development recipients have worse health outcomes than high school graduates Research published in the International Journal of Aging and Human Development has highlighted the significant health disparities among older adults with a General Education Development (GED) certificate compared to their peers with a high school diploma.
	Individuals with severe sickle cell disease express high risk tolerance for gene therapies Individuals living with severe sickle cell disease (SCD) are highly interested in new, potentially curative gene therapy treatments and are willing to accept associated risks for a chance at a cure, according to a study published in Blood Advances.
	Transient decrease in pediatric bronchiolitis hospitalizations seen during pandemic During the COVID-19 pandemic era, pediatric bronchiolitis hospitalizations decreased transiently, then increased, according to a study published online Oct. 26 in JAMA Network Open.
	Study develops guidance to tackle staff bullying and incivility in the NHS Understanding why the NHS suffers from endemic levels of bullying and unprofessional behaviors could save the service £2.8 billion a year, according to a new investigation led by the University of Surrey.
	Assessing symptoms in older adults after critical illness Older adults who survive a critical illness, such as sepsis or respiratory failure, often have symptoms that restrict activities, but little is known about how these symptoms change over time or compare with those prior to illness, and whether these changes differ among vulnerable subgroups.
	Q&A: How does daylight saving time affect sleep and mental health? On Sunday, Nov. 5, parts of the world, including most of the United States and Canada, will participate in the annual ritual of setting their clocks an hour back to mark the end of daylight saving time.
	How can kids have a healthier Halloween? And what do you do with the leftover lollies? Halloween is a very exciting time for children and let's face it, for many adults, too.
	Five things grieving children want to know about the death of a loved one Death and grief are not easy to talk about. Talking to children about these can be harder still.
	Assessing uptake of tuberculosis preventive treatment in Cameroun and Ouganda The Lancet Global Health journal published two papers on October 30 showing the effectiveness and health economical impact of community-based intervention for household child contact management. Led by the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), the CONTACT study for COmmunity iNtervention for Tuberculosis Active Contact Tracing and preventive therapy, was part of the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF)'s CaP-Tuberculosis (TB) Project.
	The secret to better cancer care could already be on your wrist Your smartwatch could be the key to better, more personalized cancer care, UVA Cancer Center researchers suggest. A team of UVA Health researchers has demonstrated the potential of wearable and mobile devices such as smartwatches and smartphones to help doctors tailor treatments to the needs of individual patients. The scientists found that they could use wearable devices to predict patients' levels of cortisol, the insomnia and stress hormone.
	Why sugar matters—and how to cut back if you're eating too much of it A summary of sugar's health effects can sound like the tagline for a Hollywood thriller: "It's sweet and alluring. It's a master of disguise. And tonight—it's hiding in your refrigerator."
	Waste surveillance can help combat climate-aggravated diseases Traditional disease-monitoring systems are ill-equipped to handle the recent unprecedented outbreaks of climate-aggravated diseases. In a viewpoint article published in Science Translational Medicine, SFI's Samuel Scarpino and colleagues describe how comprehensive wastewater surveillance could pair with existing disease-surveillance systems to produce cost-effective, high-resolution health data and guide stronger public health interventions.
	Cancer patients may overly self-refer to emergency department Adults with cancer may not be using available clinician advice before self-referring to the emergency department, according to a study published online Sept. 14 in the American Journal of Managed Care.
	Biden administration urges schools to carry naloxone, the opioid overdose treatment The Biden administration is encouraging schools throughout the United States to carry naloxone to help prevent fatal drug overdoses in students.
	At-home, inhaled flu vaccine could be on horizon Getting a yearly flu shot is one of the best ways to protect yourself from infection or severe illness, but not everyone likes shots.
	Potential overtreatment during life-limiting illness and end of life in older adults A new thesis from Karolinska Institutet advocates end-of-life care that prioritizes the highest possible quality of life, avoids unnecessary or preventable risks and respects patient wishes.
	Providing mental health support in peace efforts helps alleviate PTSD and depression, study shows A study of conflict-affected northeastern Nigeria, has found integrating mental health support into peacebuilding initiatives helps alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress among the population.
	Selenium found to reduce mixtures of environmental pollutants' harmful effects on health A study in mice conducted by the University of Cordoba proves that exposure to contaminating mixtures of metals and drug residue increases damage to health, and evaluates the positive effects of a diet enriched in selenium to reduce this harm.
	Could epigenetic age acceleration, not actual age, better predict how well you remember? A study led by researchers at Stony Brook University shows that age acceleration, when one's so-called biological clock runs quicker than one's actual age, is linked to poorer memory and slower rates of processing information.
	Research finds higher risk of dental caries after bariatric surgery Those who have had surgical obesity treatment have a higher risk of dental caries than before surgery. They also often experience a general decline in oral health. This has been shown by a thesis from the University of Gothenburg.
	Researchers develop bedside cardiac assessment curriculum that encourages patient-centered communication Bedside cardiac assessment (BCA) involves gathering a patient's medical history, performing a physical examination, and determining the need for diagnostic testing. Physicians integrate this information with knowledge of how disease affects body function to update and prioritize differential diagnoses while providing timely and appropriate care.
	Tiny model organs detect liver toxicity of new drugs Researchers are working to improve drug testing to ensure newly developed drugs are safe for patients to take.
	Children with asthma not at higher risk of severe COVID, research suggests In the early coronavirus pandemic, there were contrasting reports on whether asthma was a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection. While children are considered to be at a lower risk of severe COVID-19 than older age groups, the impact of childhood asthma was also unclear.
	Is gratitude good for the heart? A study reveals that gratitude may buffer the negative physiological consequences of stress and overall improve cardiovascular outcomes. In a sample of 912 participants, it was observed that the greater the predisposition to appreciate what is good in the world, the lower the likelihood of suffering an acute myocardial infarction.
	Nonsurgical treatment of thumb arthritis shows lasting benefits Initial nonsurgical treatment, including the use of orthotics and exercise therapy, provides satisfactory long-term outcomes for patients with osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1 OA), with a low rate of conversion to surgery, reports a study in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.
	Better access to diagnostic tests raises incidence of thyroid cancer in more affluent areas The incidence of thyroid cancer in São Paulo State, part of Brazil's relatively developed Southeast region, varies considerably according to socioeconomic status (education, poverty, wealth, income, segregation, mobility, and access to resources and services) and access to screening, but is highest in higher-income areas and the state capital. Mortality rates are similar across regions and income groups, however.
	Combining cell types may lead to improved cardiac cell therapy following heart attack Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Academia Sinica of Taiwan have harnessed a combination of lab-grown cells to regenerate damaged heart muscle.
	Exploring neurons' molecular highways: How a key protein regulates neuronal health The Molecular Neuroscience Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) has made an important breakthrough by connecting sensory neurons' survival and pathology with the way messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are transported inside these cells.
	New standards released to ensure medical AI is safe and effective for everyone Health care professionals can harness artificial intelligence safely and effectively by following a new set of patient and industry-agreed standards.
	Outlook on exercise may curb aging anxiety Since 2011, roughly 10,000 people in the U.S. have turned 65 every day. The Baby Boomer generation and those born before 1946 make up the country's fastest growing age group, which is on track to outnumber children by 2035.
	Food insecurity, job loss contributed substantially to worldwide mental health decline during first COVID phase: Study Many studies have documented the decline in mental health throughout the pandemic, but new analyses led by School of Public Health researchers paint a sharper picture of the factors that placed the greatest burden on psychological health across the globe.
	Children with ADHD frequently use health care service before diagnosis, study finds Children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) use health care services twice as often in the two years before their diagnosis, a study by researchers at the University of Nottingham and King's College London has found.
	Earlier detection of cardiometabolic risk factors for kids may be possible through next generation biomarkers The next generation of cardiometabolic biomarkers should pave the way for earlier detection of risk factors for conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease in children, according to a new scientific statement from the American Heart Association published in the journal Circulation.
	Maryland man who received second pig heart transplant dies, hospital says The second person to receive a transplanted heart from a pig has died, nearly six weeks after the highly experimental surgery, his Maryland doctors announced Tuesday.
	First-of-its-kind multimodal robot for post-stroke ankle-foot telerehabilitation The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has achieved another breakthrough in rehabilitation device development. The Mobile Ankle-foot Exoneuromusculoskeleton is the first-of-its-kind multimodal robot for ankle-foot rehabilitation specifically designed for stroke patients with hemiplegia, which helps improve the motor function of their lower limb and walking ability.
	New position statement supports permanent standard time An updated position statement from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine supports the replacement of daylight saving time with permanent standard time.
	Study reveals insights from US cohort of the FLASH registry on mechanical thrombectomy for high-risk pulmonary embolism New research from the FLASH registry shines a light on the effectiveness of large-bore mechanical thrombectomy in managing high-risk pulmonary embolism. The study, titled "Mechanical Thrombectomy for High-risk Pulmonary Embolism: Insights from the US Cohort of the FLASH Registry," provides valuable insights into this life-saving procedure.
	Study examines financial sustainability of affordable housing-with-services models for older adults A study published in the journal Research in Aging sheds light on the financial challenges of housing-with-health-services models for low-income older adults. The report explores strategies for ensuring the sustainability of these beneficial efforts.
	Sociodemographic disparities seen in quality of life in children with hearing loss Race and ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage are associated with hearing-related quality of life (QOL) in deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, according to a research letter published online Oct. 30 in JAMA Network Open.
	Models can predict long-term visual acuity in highly myopic eyes For patients with high myopia, models for accurate prediction of the long-term visual acuity (VA) based on clinical and imaging information are feasible, according to a study published online Oct. 26 in JAMA Ophthalmology.
	Unveiling a novel immune response in the intestinal epithelium Researchers from the Jan Dobeš laboratory at Charles University in Prague have made a significant discovery uncovering a novel immune response in the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, their study delineates a mechanism that controls this immune response.
	Proteomic quantification of native and ECM-enriched mouse ovaries reveals an age-dependent fibro-inflammatory signature A new priority research paper titled "Proteomic quantification of native and ECM-enriched mouse ovaries reveals an age-dependent fibro-inflammatory signature" has been published in Aging.
	World's first collection of brain metastasis living samples will help treat each patient with the most effective therapy At 18 Spanish hospitals, when a patient with brain metastasis undergoes surgery, they can donate a tiny part of their brain to the first repository of brain metastasis living samples in the world, based at CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre). It is a pioneering collection in the world, created to accelerate the search for therapies against brain metastasis, a disease that affects up to 30% of patients with systemic cancer.
	Are my eye drops safe to use? OTC medications aren't subject to the same testing as prescription meds, drug expert says The Food and Drug Administration is warning U.S. consumers not to use certain over-the-counter eye drops, as more than two dozen eye products from several major brands carry risk of infection.
	Infectious Diseases Society of America meeting, some highlights The annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America was held this year from Oct. 11 to 15 in Boston and attracted participants from around the world, including scientists, physicians, and other health care professionals.
	Pfizer reports loss as COVID-19 revenues shrink Pfizer reported Tuesday a loss following a sharp fall in the sales of its COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic from pandemic peaks.
	Case study finds regulatory challenges are affecting MedTech innovation in the UK General trends in the United Kingdom and European Union suggest that regulations on new medical devices are becoming more stringent. Consequently, EU Notified Bodies and UK Approved Bodies, which audit manufacturers against regulations, are experiencing an increased burden imposed by these changes; the total number of these bodies has also decreased.
	FDA warns WananBana fruit puree pouches may contain lead Certain pureed fruit pouches from WanaBana may contain dangerous levels of lead, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has warned.
	Do you need more dietary fiber or less? Dietary fiber, also known as roughage or bulk, includes the parts of plant foods your body can't digest or absorb. Unlike other food components, such as fats, proteins or carbohydrates—which your body breaks down and absorbs—fiber isn't digested by your body. Instead, it passes relatively intact through your stomach, small intestine and colon and out of your body. Fiber is commonly classified as soluble, which dissolves in water, or insoluble, which doesn't dissolve.
	Good oral hygiene is especially important during the holidays From Halloween through the new year, holiday parties and family events are filled with gifts and delicious treats. Kids go trick-or-treating, pies are baked and cookies are decorated. It's the time of year that brings everyone together.
	Newly published updates on hypertensive heart disease burden in older adults High blood pressure, also called hypertension, has become quite a common health problem among adults worldwide, with over one billion cases reported in 2019. When blood pressure is not properly controlled, the heart undergoes adaptive changes at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, affecting its valves, chambers, and muscles. This condition, known as hypertensive hearth disease (HHD), can cause permanent remodeling of the heart over time, affecting its normal function and ultimately leading to heart failure.
	Umbilical venous catheterization and bloodstream infection among preterm infants Umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) is vital in neonatal care, as it provides essential intravenous access for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). However, UVC is also associated with some risks, like catheter-associated infections, with central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) being a prominent concern.

Other Sciences news

	Did nature have a hand in the formation of the Great Sphinx? Historians and archaeologists have, over centuries, explored the mysteries behind the Great Sphinx of Giza: What did it originally look like? What was it designed to represent? What was its original name? But less attention has been paid to a foundational, and controversial, question: What was the terrain the Ancient Egyptians came across when they began to build this instantly recognizable structure—and did these natural surroundings have a hand in its formation?
	The math problem that took nearly a century to solve We've all been there: staring at a math test with a problem that seems impossible to solve. What if finding the solution to a problem took almost a century? For mathematicians who dabble in Ramsey theory, this is very much the case. In fact, little progress had been made in solving Ramsey problems since the 1930s.
	Q&A: Experts on disinformation talk Israel-Hamas—it's a 'toxic stew of an information environment' After Hamas' Oct. 7 surprise attack on Israel, observers quickly highlighted the deluge of disinformation and misinformation circulating over social media.
	Opinion: Mental health needs to be a cornerstone of equity, diversity and inclusion initiatives Equity, diversity and inclusion programs have become ubiquitous in the workplace. As organizations publicly express their commitment to diversity and inclusion, there is a growing concern that these concepts are merely buzzwords to make organizations look more socially responsible.
	Digitizing books can spur demand for physical copies Book publishers cried foul—in the form of numerous legal challenges—nearly two decades ago when the Google Books project digitized and freely distributed more than 25 million works.
	Should we be worried about rising heat of political discourse? Yes, say experts Most Americans believe political discourse has grown coarser in recent years, as old taboos against publicly cursing and attacking an opponent's family have fallen away. Politicians and their supporters call critics and opponents "criminals" or "fascists," while some 2024 presidential candidates muse about executing the nation's top military adviser or pledge to "slit the throats" of a bloated public workforce. Many worry the way we talk about politics is dangerously incendiary.
	Want to prevent misinformation? Present data with an interactive visual, says study Getting readers of a news story interested in numbers can be a challenge. But the benefits of engaging readers in data can lead to a better understanding, preventing misinformation and misrepresentation in the news.
	Power of the pictogram: Researcher finds that sorted graphics make consumers feel optimistic Sometimes, how the information is presented is as important as the information itself. Graphics, icons, and pictograms are increasingly popular methods of presenting information to consumers in direct, memorable, and easily understandable ways.
	Mathematician creates mass extinction model regarding climate change and adaptation A RUDN University mathematician and a colleague developed a theoretical model of mass extinction. The model for the first time took into account two important factors—the inverse effect of vegetation on climate change and the evolutionary adaptation of species. The results were published in Chaos, Solitons & Fractals.
	Having a bad boss makes you a worse employee, study finds If your boss stomps and yells, criticizes you, and then proceeds to take the credit for your work—even it is an isolated incident—it can take a profound toll on employee well-being and performance. But despite the many years of research, the precise mechanisms through which bad leadership impacts employees' performance remain a subject of interest.
	Global agendas such as SDGs serve to legitimize international organizations' existence, researcher argues In a new ground-breaking book, a King's researcher argues that the global education agendas such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serve as self-serving agendas for international organizations (IOs) such as the World Bank, the OECD and UNESCO.

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