Science X Newsletter Mon, Oct 9

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 9, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Free-space nanoprinting beyond optical limits to create 4D functional structures

Study: Digital watermark protections can be easily bypassed

Large-scale bent radio jet detected in galaxy cluster Abell 514

Research reveals how synthesized plankton molecules inhibit cancer proteins

New study on movement patterns of leaf frogs in Brazil could open a path for conservation strategies

Long-term lizard study challenges the rules of evolutionary biology

Exploring the connections between Nobel laureates using network science

Discovery of invisible nutrient discharge on Great Barrier Reef raises concerns

Saturday Citations: Hippo maxillofacial issues; implicit biases in the game of kings; AI masters Street Fighter

Researchers identify largest ever solar storm in ancient 14,300-year-old tree rings

Remnant of cell division could be responsible for spreading cancer

Spain's first private rocket successfully lifts off

Amazon launches test satellites for its planned internet service to compete with SpaceX

Can chatbots be therapists? Only if you want them to be

Claudia Goldin wins Nobel for work on women in the labor market

Nanotechnology news

	Free-space nanoprinting beyond optical limits to create 4D functional structures Two-photon polymerization is a potential method for nanofabrication to integrate nanomaterials based on femtosecond laser-based methods. Challenges in the field of 3D nanoprinting include slow layer-by-layer printing and limited material options as a result of laser-matter interactions.
	Researchers realize orientation control of cMOF nanofilms Researchers from the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Kyoto University have proposed a strategy to grow "face-on" and "edge-on" conductive metal-organic frameworks (cMOF) nanofilms on substrates by controlling the "stand-up" behaviors of ligands on various surfaces to overcome the difficulty in the orientation control of such films.
	Vacuum cleaner-effect in fungi can hold nanoplastics at bay Using micro-engineered soil models, researchers at Lund University in Sweden have investigated the effect of tiny polystyrene particles on bacteria and fungi. While these nanoplastics reduced both bacterial and fungal growth, the fungus actually managed to "clean up" their surroundings, thereby easing the effect of the plastics. Their work has been published in Science of The Total Environment.

Physics news

	Speeding up creation of quantum entanglement A team of researchers has found a way to speed up the creation of quantum entanglement, a mystifying property of quantum mechanics that Albert Einstein once described as "spooky action at a distance."
	Could a new law of physics support the idea we're living in a computer simulation? A University of Portsmouth physicist has explored whether a new law of physics could support the much-debated theory that we are simply characters in an advanced virtual world.
	Combining a bulky chain with a stable polymer to enhance liquid crystal performance From laptop screens to navigation systems, liquid crystals are ubiquitous in modern life. These materials flow like liquids, but their molecules align with one another in a way that resembles the orientational order of a crystal. Electrically switching between different molecular orientations—or phases—in a liquid crystal changes how the material transmits light, hence their use/utility in visual displays.
	Unifying matter, energy and consciousness: Applying physics to a thorny topic With the rise of brain-interface technology and artificial intelligence that can imitate brain functions, understanding the nature of consciousness and how it interacts with reality is not just an age-old philosophical question but also a salient challenge for humanity.

Earth news

	Discovery of invisible nutrient discharge on Great Barrier Reef raises concerns Scientists using natural tracers off Queensland's coast have discovered the source of previously unquantified nitrogen and phosphorous that are having a profound environmental impact on the Great Barrier Reef.
	Ancient Maya reservoirs offer lessons for today's water crises According to a new paper, ancient Maya reservoirs, which used aquatic plants to filter and clean the water, "can serve as archetypes for natural, sustainable water systems to address future water needs."
	Climate-driven extreme heat may make parts of Earth too hot for humans If global temperatures increase by 1° Celsius (C) or more than current levels, each year billions of people will be exposed to heat and humidity so extreme they will be unable to naturally cool themselves, according to interdisciplinary research from the Penn State College of Health and Human Development, Purdue University College of Sciences and Purdue Institute for a Sustainable Future.
	Scientists gain powerful tool to scrutinize changing US weather patterns An extraordinary new dataset of high-resolution weather simulations that span more than four decades over the continental United States is now available to the Earth system science community.
	Glacial lake outburst floods in Alaska and the Himalayas show evolving hazards in a warming world In August 2023, residents of Juneau, Alaska, watched as the Mendenhall River swelled to historic levels in a matter of hours. The rushing water undercut the riverbank and swallowed whole stands of trees and multiple buildings.
	Models suggest interlinking rivers in India to meet water demand may adversely impact monsoon rainfall amounts A team of civil engineers and meteorologists at the Indian Institute of Technology, working with colleagues from the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology and the University of Hyderabad, has found, via modeling, that a plan to interlink rivers in India to capture rain runoff could inadvertently have a negative impact on the amount and location of monsoon rainfall.
	Plate tectonic surprise: Geologist unexpectedly finds remnants of a lost mega-plate Utrecht University geologist Suzanna van de Lagemaat has reconstructed a massive and previously unknown tectonic plate that was once one-quarter the size of the Pacific Ocean. Her colleagues in Utrecht had predicted its existence over 10 years ago based on fragments of old tectonic plates found deep in the Earth's mantle. Van de Lagemaat reconstructed lost plates through field research and detailed investigations of the mountain belts of Japan, Borneo, the Philippines, New Guinea, and New Zealand.
	New study finds that the Gulf Stream is warming and shifting closer to shore The Gulf Stream is intrinsic to the global climate system, bringing warm waters from the Caribbean up the East Coast of the United States. As it flows along the coast and then across the Atlantic Ocean, this powerful ocean current influences weather patterns and storms, and it carries heat from the tropics to higher latitudes as part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
	Scientists find the sounds beneath our feet are fingerprints of rock stability If you could sink through the Earth's crust, you might hear, with a carefully tuned ear, a cacophany of booms and crackles along the way. The fissures, pores, and defects running through rocks are like strings that resonate when pressed and stressed. And as a team of MIT geologists has found, the rhythm and pace of these sounds can tell you something about the depth and strength of the rocks around you.
	Is planting trees to combat climate change 'complete nonsense'? Bill Gates is emphatic: "I don't plant trees," he declared recently, wading into a debate about whether mass tree planting is really much use in fighting climate change.
	Climate change affecting ability to prevent US wildfires: study Shifting weather patterns caused by climate change are limiting when controlled burns can be carried out to prevent wildfires in the western United States, a new study warns.
	Discovery of massive undersea water reservoir could explain New Zealand's mysterious slow earthquakes Researchers have discovered a sea's worth of water locked within the sediment and rock of a lost volcanic plateau that's now deep in the Earth's crust. Revealed by a 3D seismic image, the water lies two miles under the ocean floor off the coast of New Zealand, where it may be dampening a major earthquake fault that faces the country's North Island.
	Deforestation down in Brazil's Amazon Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon fell by 59 percent in September compared to the same month last year, official data showed, confirming a positive trend that began after President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva returned to power this year.
	The Atlantic Ocean's major current system is slowing down—but a 21st century collapse is unlikely Whether the water at your local beach is being roiled by nasty weather or is a perfectly calm expanse of blue, there's always a great deal going on under the surface. The ocean is composed of various currents and water masses; those currents flow around the world through what is called thermohaline circulation.
	Researchers reveal dust source on Tibetan Plateau Dust deposited on a glacier's surface can reduce the albedo of the ice and increase absorption efficiency of solar radiation, which has a significant impact on glacier melting and global climate change.
	Meta-learning helps to estimate oceanic barrier layer structure The oceanic barrier layer is situated between the base of the ocean's density mixed layer and the top of the isothermal layer, with its thickness fluctuations directly influencing the ocean's vertical mixing process. Changes in the barrier layer impact the transport of heat and salinity within the ocean, subsequently affecting regional weather and climate patterns.
	Record heat unleashes deadly floods from New York to Libya Extreme heat is usually associated with drought and wildfires. But across five continents this year, it's also unleashed a different kind of disaster: deadly flooding.
	Building environmental policy on America's support for a clean environment Listening to some politicos on the campaign trail, it's easy to assume that most Americans are against protecting the environment and that government should simply let the market regulate itself. For decades the Gallup poll has posed a question about the false trade-off between economic growth and environmental protection.
	Increase in forest fires may damage the crucial ozone layer All particles that reach the atmosphere cause different chemical reactions. Particles come partly from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires, and partly from pollution and emissions. Aerosol researcher Johan Friberg studies particles at high altitudes. He fears that the global increase in forest fires could have a significant impact on the ozone layer.
	Indian flood toll up to 77 as waters recede At least 77 people are confirmed dead in the floods that hit India's northeast, authorities said Sunday, with destroyed roads and bridges leaving thousands more still cut off despite waters receding.
	Toxic storms blamed on climate change cloud Tajikistan The air was dry and warm and the skies over Dushanbe were gray without a hint of sun during another recent toxic sand storm that enveloped the capital of Tajikistan.
	Typhoon Koinu skirts Hong Kong, heads for southern China's Hainan island Typhoon Koinu tracked towards China's resort island of Hainan on Sunday night after skirting Hong Kong, bringing heavy rains and powerful gusts while prompting the closure of transport services and schools in the financial hub.
	World can't 'unplug' existing energy system: COP28 head The president of the upcoming COP28 climate talks in Dubai called on Sunday for governments to abandon "fantasies" such as hastily ditching existing energy infrastructure in pursuit of climate goals.
	Injured tortoises make slow recovery from Greece fires In an animal shelter near Athens, veterinarian Kleopatra Gkika gently smears soothing cream on the leg of a tortoise, one of hundreds singed in Greece's devastating summer wildfires.
	Landslide triggered by heavy rain kills 27 in Cameroon At least 27 people have been killed after heavy rains caused a section of a hillside covered in precariously built houses to collapse in Cameroon's capital Yaounde.
	Study reveals relationship between spatiotemporal variations of freezing index and permafrost degradation The freezing index (FI) is a crucial factor for calculating the temporal and spatial distribution of permafrost and the thickness of the active layer in a permafrost region. Understanding the variation in thermal conditions of the permafrost active layer is significant for investigating both the spatial and temporal distribution of permafrost as well as its degradation.
	California drought status: Stubborn conditions remain after a wet water year California is 99.93% drought-free, according to an update from the U.S. Drought Monitor. But Del Norte County reentered drought status in August after having been drought-free since January.

Astronomy and Space news

	Large-scale bent radio jet detected in galaxy cluster Abell 514 Astronomers have conducted deep low-frequency radio observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 514, using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). In their results, they detected a large-scale bent radio jet in this cluster. The finding is reported in a paper published October 2 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Researchers identify largest ever solar storm in ancient 14,300-year-old tree rings An international team of scientists have discovered a huge spike in radiocarbon levels 14,300 years ago by analyzing ancient tree-rings found in the French Alps.
	Spain's first private rocket successfully lifts off A Spanish company launched the country's first private rocket on Saturday in a step towards bringing Spain into the exclusive club of space-faring nations.
	New observations of flares from distant star could help in search for habitable planets Astrophysicists have used the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to take a close look at a volatile star.
	Coolant leaked from Russian part of ISS, crew safe: Roscosmos Liquid has leaked from the Russian portion of the International Space Station but the crew are not in any danger, the Russian space agency Roscosmos said on Monday.
	It's time to start worrying about space junk around the moon, too It's getting crowded up there. An increase in military, commercial and scientific launches, coupled with a lower cost for rideshare cubesat launches, means lots more space junk to deal with in coming years. And we're not just talking about low Earth orbit; the moon and cis-lunar (near lunar space) is about to become busy as well.
	Virgin Galactic carries first Pakistani into space Adventurer Namira Salim became the first Pakistani to travel into space on Friday, riding aboard Virgin Galactic's fifth successful flight in five months, the US company announced.
	Scientists discover a new phase of high-density, ultra-hot ice The outer planets of our solar system, Uranus and Neptune, are water-rich gas giants. These planets have extreme pressures 2 million times the Earth's atmosphere. They also have interiors as hot as the surface of the sun. Under these conditions, water exhibits exotic, high-density ice phases.
	New findings facilitate solar storm forecasting based on dimming of sun's corona Researchers have developed new methods for using coronal dimmings observed in the solar corona for early diagnosis of powerful bursts of plasma from the sun.
	Annular distribution of SiC2 in circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars The circumstellar envelopes (CSE) of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars contain a large number of molecules, which account for about one-third of all molecules discovered in interstellar space.
	NASA's OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample curation steps closer to final reveal As the astromaterials curation team at NASA's Johnson Space Center continues to collect the bonus asteroid Bennu particles located outside the OSIRIS-REx TAGSAM (Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism) head, they've also completed additional steps toward disassembly and reveal of the bulk asteroid sample inside the head.
	Here's what it would take to see a black hole's photon ring Supermassive black holes are elusive creatures. Massive gravitational beasts that can power immensely bright quasars, or can lurk quietly among the bright stars of a galactic core. We mostly study them indirectly through their bright accretion disks or powerful jets of plasma they create, but we have been able to observe them more directly, such as our images of M87* and Sag A*.
	Astronomers discover M87's jet is triggering novae Everyone loves a good mystery, and astronomers have just uncovered a new one in a nearby supermassive galaxy called M87. Like most galaxies, M87 regularly plays host to a smattering of stellar explosions called novae, each the result of a star stealing material from a neighbor.
	Starlinks are easily detected by radio telescopes Radio astronomy and satellite communication have a long common history. Advances made in one field have benefitted the other, and our modern era of spacecraft and mobile internet is a product of this partnership. But there are times when the goals of radio astronomy and the goals of communication satellites are in opposition. This is most clearly seen in the development of satellite constellations such as Starlink.
	Atlas V launches from Cape Canaveral with prototype Amazon satellites A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket climbed through the Space Coast skies carrying a pair of prototype satellites to orbit on the first of what's planned to be dozens of launches for Amazon.
	Planned launch has SpaceX back on task on Space Coast SpaceX handed over the Space Coast spotlight for a short time last week with United Launch Alliance managing an Atlas V liftoff for Amazon, but Elon Musk's company is back to the business of sticking more of its Starlink satellites into orbit.
	Vega flight takes satellites to space Today (Oct. 10) at 22:36 local time (02:36 BST, 03:36 CEST) the 23rd Vega flight saw its two main satellites launched and released into Earth orbit. The rocket's main passengers were the Earth observing THEOS-2 satellite and the meteorological satellite Triton.
	Hubble's multi-wavelength view of recently released Webb image Patches of bright pink and wisps of dark red paint the foreground of this new NASA Hubble Space Telescope image. NGC 5068 is a barred spiral galaxy with thousands of star-forming regions and large quantities of interstellar dust. First discovered by British astronomer William Herschel in 1785, NGC 5068 sits in the southern region of the constellation Virgo and is around 20 million light-years away. Astronomers estimate the galaxy is 45,000 light-years in diameter.
	Q&A: A 'ring of fire' eclipse is coming. Here's how to watch At about 10:30 a.m. Mountain Time on Saturday, Oct. 14, the moon will pass in front of the sun above much of the western U.S., creating a blazing "ring of fire" in the sky.
	Study quantifies satellite brightness, challenges ground-based astronomy The ability to have access to the Internet or use a mobile phone anywhere in the world is taken more and more for granted, but the brightness of Internet and telecommunications satellites that enable global communications networks could pose problems for ground-based astronomy. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign aerospace engineer Siegfried Eggl coordinated an international study confirming recently deployed satellites are as bright as stars seen by the unaided eye.
	Saving Mt. Wilson Observatory: Inside the long battle to maintain the spot where we found our place in the universe Los Angeles was once the best place in the world to see the universe.

Technology news

	Study: Digital watermark protections can be easily bypassed Perhaps the most chilling aspect of AI is its capacity to generate deepfake images.
	Exploring the connections between Nobel laureates using network science Network science is the study of the complex relationships and connections underpinning wide datasets, groups of individuals or other systems composed of many interacting parts. This fascinating study of connections can used to create maps and representations of numerous areas of life, ranging from scientific phenomena to social groups and even popular media.
	Amazon launches test satellites for its planned internet service to compete with SpaceX Amazon launched the first test satellites for its planned internet service on Friday as a rival to SpaceX's broadband network.
	Viscoelastic inorganic glass: Pioneering a new era in solid-state battery revolution A significant breakthrough in the field of solid-state batteries has been achieved by a research team led by Prof. Hu Yongsheng from the Institute of Physics (IOP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Their study of a novel viscoelastic inorganic glass (VIGLAS) electrolyte has been published in Nature Energy.
	As drone traffic increases, researchers turn to AI to help avoid collisions Autonomous drone aircraft traffic in uncontrolled airspace below 400 feet altitude is expected to substantially increase in the next few years. Experts anticipate a fleet of nearly 1 million commercial uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) in the U.S. by 2027, engaging in tasks like package delivery, traffic monitoring, and emergency assistance.
	An app shows how ancient Greek sites looked thousands of years ago. It's a glimpse of future tech Tourists at the Acropolis this holiday season can witness the resolution of one of the world's most heated debates on cultural heritage.
	Wastewater beer aims to help quench US drought With its golden hue and light fruity flavor, the beer being sipped by Aaron Tartakovsky looks and tastes just like many others.
	Founder of Joby Aviation says electric air taxis will be in service in 2025 The notion that hundreds or even thousands of electric-powered air taxis could be whisking people over jammed roads is inching away from science fiction and closer to reality.
	Vietnam linked to spy campaign using EU-made malware Vietnamese agents may be behind a global spyware campaign targeting officials, civil society and journalists around the world using EU-made malware, Amnesty International said Monday.
	South Africa's surveillance law is changing but citizens' privacy is still at risk In a ringing judgment for the right to privacy, the South African Constitutional Court declared sections of the country's main communication surveillance law unconstitutional in February 2021.
	What you should (and shouldn't) do with all of your old phone chargers and other e-waste The statistics surrounding mobile phones are staggering. There are more than 7 billion mobile phone users worldwide, nearly 5 billion of whom use a smartphone.
	What the decision to curtail high speed rail and embrace cars means for the UK's cities If you consider the decision by the UK prime minister, Rishi Sunak, to cancel phase two of the high-speed rail project, HS2 in the context of the government's growing pro-car stance, the potential ramifications for the country are profound.
	Australian video-game music is an exciting area of cultural activity—and you should be paying attention An enthusiastic, sellout crowd arrived at Melbourne's Hamer Hall in September to hear an evening of music from Orchestra Victoria.
	Integrated system developed for ice storage cooling and seawater desalination Conventional methods of seawater desalination include multi-effect desalination (MED), reverse osmosis (RO), and freezing desalination (FD). Some of these methods consume a lot of energy, while others produce relatively poor water quality. Therefore, there is potential for improvement in these conventional desalination methods.
	Study proposes prediction model that could make eco-friendly bamboo a mainstream construction material Scientists at the University of Bristol have successfully used screws as connectors in bamboo without splitting the material.
	Designer solar: New tool unlocks smart solar design Designing buildings with solar cleverly incorporated into the design has just become easier, thanks to software developed at RMIT University.
	US auto workers' union reports progress, holds off on strike expansion Citing last-minute progress in talks, the head of the US auto workers' union said Friday the labor group would maintain its current strike but not expand it to other plants this week.
	FTX co-founder testifies against Bankman-Fried Sam Bankman-Fried knowingly used FTX clients' funds without permission to invest through his personal hedge fund, the disgraced crypto titan's former business partner testified in court on Friday.
	OPEC sees no peak in global oil demand on the horizon Despite mounting efforts to limit climate change, the OPEC oil cartel said Monday it expects demand for crude to continue to grow for the next two decades.
	Philippines health insurer hacked: What we know Hackers have stolen the personal data of potentially millions of people from the Philippines's national health insurer, which has urged members to change their passwords after the "staggering" cyberattack.
	New Zealand's carbon emissions are on the way down—thanks in part to policies now under threat It may have been largely overlooked in the election debates, but New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions are finally on the way down.
	Simulation of O2-blown co-gasification of wood chip and potato peel for producing syngas Syngas, short for synthesis gas, holds immense potential for further synthesis of various fuels and chemicals, and is environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Currently, non-renewable fossil fuels like natural gas and coal are the main components for syngas production via steam methane reforming or coal gasification, respectively. However, both conversion technologies are energy-intensive and highly polluting. Thus, the complete or partial replacement of fossil fuels for syngas production is a necessity.

Chemistry news

	Scientists upcycle polyesters through new waste-free, scalable process Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have developed a new chemical process which upcycles polyesters, including PET in plastic bottles, to morpholine amide, a versatile and valuable building block for synthesizing a vast range of compounds. The reaction is high yield, waste-free, does not require harmful chemicals, and is easily scalable. The team have successfully broken the, often costly, closed-loop recycling loop of plastic waste, allowing upcycling to more valuable products.
	Researchers reveal mechanism of efficient upconversion in two-dimensional perovskite Recently, a research team led by Prof. Liu Xinfeng from the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) reported the efficient phonon-assisted upconversion luminescence in a quasi-two-dimensional perovskite system.
	A new mineral, kanatzidisite, recognizes scientist's decades of contributions to chalcogenide chemistry What do Mozart, Christopher Columbus and J.P. Morgan have in common? It turns out they all have minerals named after them. A new member of this exclusive club has recently been inducted: Mercouri Kanatzidis, materials scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory and professor at Northwestern University.
	An ultra-mild and functional-group tolerant method to produce arynes Researchers at Colorado State University are part of a collaborative study with Oxford University that has developed an ultra-mild and functional-group tolerant method to produce arynes.
	Researchers develop nonlinear optical crystals by unusual cationic substitution strategy An ideal infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal must have the advantages of a wide transmittance range, impressive laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), sufficient birefringence index, bulk single-crystal form, and physicochemical stability.
	Mushroom-derived materials could offer benefits for developing nations in Africa A research team from the University of Bristol has suggested that mycelium composites could offer a sustainable alternative to traditional building materials and help address socio-economic and environmental challenges in Africa.

Biology news

	New study on movement patterns of leaf frogs in Brazil could open a path for conservation strategies For researchers and environmentalists, knowing how frogs and other amphibians move through their environment is an important part of the ability to appropriately target conservation efforts. Movement is a crucial part of the relationship a species has with its environment, and disruptions in amphibian environments can take a toll on populations.
	Long-term lizard study challenges the rules of evolutionary biology Charles Darwin said that evolution was constantly happening, causing animals to adapt for survival. But many of his contemporaries disagreed. If evolution is always causing things to change, they asked, then how is it that two fossils from the same species, found in the same location, can look identical despite being 50 million years apart in age?
	Remnant of cell division could be responsible for spreading cancer Once thought to be the trash can of the cell, a little bubble of cellular stuff called the midbody remnant is actually packing working genetic material with the power to change the fate of other cells—including turning them into cancer.
	Forest biodiversity: Mixed forests are more productive when they are structurally complex The richer forests are in different tree species, the faster the trees grow and the more CO2 they can absorb. A joint study by TU Dresden, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Leipzig, University of Montpellier and the German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig sheds some light on the mechanisms behind this. The results have now been published in Science Advances.
	Evolutionary history of three-finger snake toxins decoded Snakebites cause around 100,000 deaths worldwide every year. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have investigated how the toxin emerged between 50 and 120 million years ago through the modification of a gene that also occurs in mammals and other reptiles. The results could help with the development of better snakebite treatments and lead to new knowledge for the treatment of illnesses such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
	Hybridization of Atlantic puffins in the Arctic coincides with 20th-century climate change A team of ecologists and evolutionary scientists at the University of Oslo, working with colleagues from the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, the Norwegian Polar Institute, the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and the American Museum of Natural History, has found that two subspecies of Atlantic puffin that historically have lived far apart began intermingling over the past century, resulting in the development of a new hybrid puffin species.
	Investigating a recently discovered Arabian Partridge population in Saudi Arabia's Harrat Uwayrid Biosphere Reserve Forming a land bridge between Asia, Europe and Africa, the Arabian Desert hosts a distinctive wildlife community adapted to extreme conditions. Many of the rare, threatened and endemic species inhabiting this region have received little study or conservation attention due to the challenges of conducting fieldwork in this region's harsh climate and topography.
	Darwin or Kimura? Natural selection or pure chance? New literature review aims to clarify a heated debate Some of nature's mysteries have kept scientists busy for decades—for example, the processes that drive evolution. The question of whether certain differences between and within species are caused by natural selection or by chance processes divides evolutionary biologists even today. Now, an international team of researchers has teased apart a scientific debate concerning the evolutionary theories of Darwin and the Japanese geneticist Kimura. Their conclusion: the debate is unnecessarily convoluted by the co-existence of different interpretations.
	Epigenetic regulator MOF drives mitochondrial metabolism, new study shows The intricate control of cellular metabolism relies on the coordinated and harmonious interplay between the nucleus and mitochondria. On the one hand, mitochondria are the hub for the production of essential metabolites, which aside from being required to meet the energy demands of the cell, also serve as the building blocks for constructing both genetic and epigenetic landscapes in the nucleus. On the other hand, the majority of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes are encoded by the nuclear genome, making the function of these two organelles highly interdependent on one another.
	Nature is inventive—the same substance is produced differently by plants Maize plants form special compounds derived from indole, the so-called benzoxazinoids. They are considered ecologically important because they act against a wide range of herbivores and reduce their feeding. Benzoxazinoids also exhibit antimicrobial properties and are thought to be involved in mediating plant-plant interactions.
	Space weather disrupts nocturnal bird migration, study finds It's well-known that birds and other animals rely on Earth's magnetic field for long-distance navigation during seasonal migrations.
	New analytical tool improves genetic analysis and research accuracy Rutgers researchers have developed an analytical tool for spotting and omitting stray DNA and RNA that contaminate genetic analyses of single-celled organisms.
	DREAM tool for gene therapies uses 'locally sourced' components Sourcing some materials closer to home may be a good practice not only in the produce aisle but also the synthetic biology lab.
	Bacteria opt for the best price-to-quality ratio to predict the future Predicting the future can be a matter of life or death. Just think, every time you cross the street, you predict whether this is possible without being run over. Experiments show that even single-celled organisms such as bacteria can predict the future. The better bacteria can predict changes in their environment, the greater their chances of survival.
	Research team clarifies molecular mechanisms of fungal infections Fungal infections pose a threat to humans, animals and plants, and can have serious consequences. Together with colleagues from Frankfurt/Main and Aachen, a research team from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) has now clarified an important mechanism in how such infections are regulated at molecular level. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), they describe how this discovery may lead to the development of new antifungal agents.
	'Spatial sorting' dominated bug evolution after Hurricane Harvey flooding, study shows With species the world over on the move due to climate change, a unique experiment in the wake of 2017's Hurricane Harvey has revealed a way that species can instantly evolve when they move in response to a climate catastrophe.
	Newly-discovered 'margarita snails' from the Florida Keys The "Margaritaville" in Jimmy Buffett's famous song isn't a real place, but it's long been associated with the Florida Keys. This string of tropical islands is home to the only living coral barrier reef in the continental US, along with many animals found nowhere else in the world. One of them is a newly-discovered, bright yellow snail, named in honor of Margaritaville. The lemon- (or, key-lime-) colored snail, along with its lime-green cousin from Belize, is the subject of a study published in the journal PeerJ.
	Female animals teach each other to choose unusual males—new research My friend recently changed their favorite celebrity crush from Anna Kendrick to Lily James. While some people could see the attraction, others might not. So what is it that attracts us to potential mates? A new study suggests that female animals learn from other females to prefer distinctive males as mates.
	AI of the tiger: Tiny camera 'protects' predator—and people Tiger populations are on the rise in the jungles of India and Nepal and the predators are roaming ever closer to villages, sparking a race among conservationists to find ways of avoiding conflict.
	Scientists build a spatial atlas of the chloroplast proteome, the home of photosynthesis Plants and algae convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This process is vital for life on Earth and provides us with oxygen, food, fuels, and other valuable products. Photosynthesis occurs inside the cells, in structures called chloroplasts.
	The currency of conservation: A little flexibility goes a long way in nature's bureau de change Governments, nonprofit organizations, and other groups spend roughly $100 billion a year to support conservation. Restrictions on where conservation funds can be spent, however, prevent organizations from focusing on the most promising opportunities to help species. A new study led by researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, suggests a way to improve the situation.
	There are 750 unidentified human remains in Australia. Could your DNA help solve one of these cold cases? Yesterday it was announced the Australian Federal Police (AFP) National DNA Program for Unidentified and Missing Persons used advanced DNA technology to assist South Australia Police resolve a 40-year-old missing persons case.
	Scientists clone novel gene responsible for glufosinate resistance in rice Researchers have cloned a novel gene responsible for glufosinate resistance in rice and conducted in-depth analysis of its functional characteristics. The team was led by Prof. Wu Yuejin from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
	Coral researchers see 'mass mortality' amid Florida Reef bleaching crisis Battered by heat, washed out to a bleached, white hue and ravaged by disease, corals offshore of Key Largo, Florida, used what little energy they had left to spawn the next generation that could save their populations.
	The largest dam removal in history stirs hopes of restoring California tribes' way of life At first, the dead floated downstream a few at a time. Then they came by the hundreds, and then the thousands.
	Savoring the sweetness: Unraveling pineapple's SWEET10 as a glucose transporter Researchers from Professor Yuan Qin's group at Guangxi University have now harnessed cutting-edge AlphaFold technology to unveil the hidden secrets of sugar transporter proteins, known as SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters).
	How phytochemical diversity affects herbivore damage in a tropical tree community Recent advances in metabolomics are improving our understanding of the ecological impacts of plant chemical diversity. However, few studies have examined how phytochemical diversity affects herbivore damage at the community scale in tropical tree communities.
	Study finds tropical ecosystems more reliant on emerging aquatic insects, potentially at greater risk A team of researchers from Queen Mary University of London and the University of Campinas in Brazil has found that tropical forest ecosystems are more reliant on aquatic insects than temperate forest ecosystems and are therefore more vulnerable to disruptions to the links between land and water.
	Colorado secures the first wolves for reintroduction from Oregon Oregon will provide the first gray wolves for Colorado's voter-mandated reintroduction of the species, wildlife officials announced Friday after a months-long search for a state willing to provide the canine before a Dec. 31 deadline.
	Microalgae: An environmentally friendly and healthy alternative to fish The volunteers participating in a tasting study at the University of Hohenheim tested a new food: microalgae. The taste is reminiscent of fish and the recipe is still being fine-tuned. From a nutritional point of view, the single-cell organisms are veritable all-rounders. Just like marine fish, they are a source of important omega-3 fatty acids and high levels of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and carotenoids.
	Where do rehabbed turtles go? When a wild turtle recovers from an accident and is released back into the wild, what happens next? A new study from North Carolina State University reveals that finding those answers can often be just as challenging as saving the turtle itself.
	New fish species found in the Great Barrier Reef At a time when marine life is disappearing from the world's oceans, researchers are celebrating the discovery of a new species of coral reef fish in the southern waters of the Great Barrier Reef.
	Ecowas rules to protect pastoralists discourage investments in modern livestock farming, says researcher A common sight around west Africa is to see cattle grazing freely, even in major cities, on highways and in airports.
	New foods can go from yucky to yummy as people's perceptions evolve Bugs, microalgae and bacteria are emerging as healthy and sustainable alternatives to traditional proteins.
	Forest polyploid breeding group analyzes the genetic regulatory network of poplar leaf development As an important source organ, leaves are the main site of photosynthesis in plants, and analyzing the developmental process of leaves can help to improve the photosynthetic assimilation capacity of plants.
	Bear that charged two boys in Colorado Springs euthanized A bear that charged two boys in a Colorado Springs open space was euthanized, and its cubs tranquilized, Colorado Parks and Wildlife officials announced Friday.
	Q&A: How much of a threat is the spotted lanternfly? It might sport some Terp colors, but a new invasive species that's just been found on campus isn't worth cheering for.

Medicine and Health news

	Research reveals how synthesized plankton molecules inhibit cancer proteins Researchers at the Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, California, have discovered how to harness the toxic power of plankton to manufacture anti-cancer molecules.
	Can chatbots be therapists? Only if you want them to be A manager at artificial intelligence firm OpenAI caused consternation recently by writing that she just had "a quite emotional, personal conversation" with her firm's viral chatbot ChatGPT.
	A mother mouse needs a diverse gut microbiome to form a healthy placenta The bacteria found naturally in the digestive tract do a lot more than help digest food.
	Cytomegalovirus encodes protein to achieve balance between anti-apoptosis and immune evasion Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus that infects most of the world's population and poses a serious threat to human health. The constant exposure of HCMV to the innate immune system makes this virus evolve a rich arsenal of immune evasion strategies.
	New drug offers relief for treatment-resistant epilepsy patients, clinical trial finds In cases where standard therapies fail, a medication called XEN1101 reduces seizure frequency by more than 50% in some patients and sometimes eliminates them altogether, a new study shows. Unlike several treatments that must be started at low doses and slowly ramped up, the new drug can safety be taken at its most effective dose from the start, the authors say.
	Newfound mechanism suggests drug combination could starve pancreatic cancer A new combination of treatments safely decreased growth of pancreatic cancer in mice by preventing cancer cells from scavenging for fuel, a new study finds.
	Capturing immunotherapy response in a blood drop Liquid biopsies are blood tests that can serially measure circulating tumor DNA (cell-free DNA that is shed into the bloodstream by dying cancer cells). When used in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer undergoing immunotherapy, they may identify patients who could benefit from treatment with additional drugs, according to a phase 2 clinical trial in the U.S. and Canada.
	Soccer goalies process the world differently, muti-sensory integration tests show In the game of soccer (association football), goalkeepers have a unique role. To do the job well, they must be ready to make split-second decisions based on incomplete information to stop their opponents from scoring a goal.
	Researchers identify link between gut bacteria and pre-clinical autoimmunity and aging in rheumatoid arthritis While the bacteria in the intestine are helpful for digesting food and fighting infections, they have long been suspected to play an essential role in triggering rheumatoid arthritis. This chronic inflammatory disorder affects the joints.
	AI language models could help diagnose schizophrenia Scientists at the UCL Institute for Neurology have developed new tools, based on AI language models, that can characterize subtle signatures in the speech of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
	Analysis of 1918 flu pandemic victims' remains contradicts belief that healthy young adults were particularly vulnerable New analysis of the remains of victims of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide, contradicts the widespread belief the flu disproportionately impacted healthy young adults.
	Smartphones could be used to monitor liver disease patients at home A smartphone camera was able to detect changes in skin tone and eye color that require patients to seek medical help, in new research from UCL and the Royal Free Hospital.
	Activity is important for your brain and for the prevention of Alzheimer's, suggests neurovascular study Exercising and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are some of the ways in which we can keep our blood vessels flexible, enabling them to retain the ability to pump blood around the body. This is not only important for the body, but also for the brain. A new study suggests that a healthy heart may help prevent Alzheimer's—and this gives hope for new treatments.
	Enteric-coated aspirin found as effective, but not safer, than regular aspirin Research led by the Ochsner Medical Center, Louisiana, has found no significant differences in effectiveness or safety outcomes between enteric-coated and uncoated aspirin in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
	Stroke could cause nearly 10 million deaths annually by 2050 and cost up to $2 trillion per year, new report warns Unless urgent action is taken, the number of people who die from stroke globally is estimated to increase by 50% by 2050 to 9.7 million deaths per year, with annual costs as high as US$2.3 trillion possible, according to a new report on pragmatic solutions to reduce the global burden of stroke: a World Stroke Organization–Lancet Neurology Commission. The authors' analysis forecasts growing health and economic impacts from stroke between 2020 and 2050, which will disproportionately affect LMICs.
	Interpreting large-scale medical datasets: Generative model enables multi-scale representations of cells and samples The increasing amount of data recorded in medical research can only lead to scientific breakthroughs and essential therapies for patients if interpreted and analyzed correctly. Computer scientists at Helmholtz Munich developed a generative model named scPoli (single-cell population level integration), that performs data integration of high-quality large-scale datasets of single cells to create valuable single-cell reference maps of the human body, so-called single-cell atlases, for medical research.
	Researchers find NICU antibiotic use has decreased substantially in past decade Antibiotic use in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) has decreased substantially over the past decade, according to researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). The findings, published in a research letter in JAMA Pediatrics, may reflect the success of antibiotic stewardship efforts focused on the use of antibiotics in hospitalized newborns.
	Americans will spend half their lives taking prescription drugs, study finds An American born in 2019 will spend a larger share of their lifetime taking prescription drugs than being married or receiving an education, according to new research by Jessica Ho, associate professor of sociology and demography at Penn State. She found that American males will spend approximately 48% of their lives taking prescription drugs. The number jumped to 60% for females.
	Largest ever study on light exposure proves its impact on mental health The world's largest study on light exposure and its impact on mental health, with almost 87,000 participants, has found that increased exposure to light at night increases a person's risk for psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, bipolar and PTSD severity as well as self-harm. Importantly, the study also found that increasing exposure to daytime light can act like a non-pharmacological means for reducing psychosis risk.
	A decade of data describes nationwide youth mental health crisis When Tanner Bommersbach, M.D., and a team of Mayo Clinic researchers analyzed national records of pediatric emergency department visits, they provided essential data to describe the growing national crisis in pediatric mental health.
	Big rise seen in gun deaths, overdoses among U.S. kids America's kids are safer now than a decade ago when it comes to many types of injury, with two glaring exceptions: drugs and guns.
	More schools stock overdose reversal meds, but others worry about stigma Last year, a student fell unconscious after walking out of a bathroom at Central High School in Pueblo, Colorado. When Jessica Foster, the school district's lead nurse, heard the girl's distraught friends mention drugs, she knew she had to act fast.
	Individualized model to determine which people should be screened for lung cancer outperforms current method A new study has found that an alternative model to identify patients with lung cancer eligible for screening was more accurate than the currently used method based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. The results are published in the journal Cancer.
	New study shows decreasing spinal immobilization treatment in pre-hospital settings A study analyzing the practice of spinal motion restriction (SMR) between 2009 and 2019 has been published in the July issue of Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM). The study, titled Patterns of Change in Prehospital Spinal Motion Restriction: A Retrospective Database Review, sheds light on the trends and evolution of SMR practices within one urban, North American EMS agency.
	Cambodian man dies from bird flu A 50-year-old man has died from bird flu in Cambodia, the health ministry said on Sunday, the second death from the virus recorded in the country this year.
	Gates Foundation funding $40 million effort to help develop mRNA vaccines in Africa in coming years A $40 million investment will help several African manufacturers produce new messenger RNA vaccines on the continent where people were last in line to receive jabs during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced Monday.
	Clinical trial demonstrates benefits of solriamfetol for adults with ADHD Although several medications are approved to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), some individuals experience limited benefits from the drugs or develop side effects from their use.
	Connections between rare genetic changes and blood proteins to shape current and future drug discovery Research published in Nature provides new insight into human disease by studying how rare changes in genes affect proteins found in human blood, called plasma proteins. Findings revealed thousands of never-before-identified associations between these rare genetic variants and plasma proteins, the basis of which will inform future drug discovery research and treatment approaches.
	Research suggests ADHD prevalence was steady in US youth from 2017 to 2022 The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in U.S. youth remained steady from 2017 to 2022, according to a research letter published online Oct. 4 in JAMA Network Open.
	Multicancer early detection blood tests are feasible, study suggests Multicancer early detection (MCED) blood tests are feasible for detecting cancer, according to a study published online Oct. 5 in The Lancet.
	Study shows prevalence of hearing loss significantly higher for cancer survivors Cancer survivors have a significantly higher prevalence of hearing loss (HL) than the general population, according to a study published online Oct. 5 in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
	Tumor-destroying sound waves receive FDA approval for liver treatment in humans The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of sound waves to break down tumors—a technique called histotripsy—in humans for liver treatment.
	Two-year-old Cambodian girl dies from bird flu A two-year-old Cambodian girl has died from bird flu, the health ministry said Monday night, the second death recorded in the country in two days.
	Novel mechanism uncovered: PRMT1 advances gastric cancer progression via β-catenin signaling In a study published in the journal Genes & Diseases, researchers from Southwest University, and Southwest Medical University investigated PRMT1, a protein previously known to be overexpressed in gastric cancer cells. Using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology, they reduced the expression of PRMT1 in HGC-27 and MKN-45 cells.
	Centenarian blood tests give hints of the secrets to longevity Centenarians, once considered rare, have become commonplace. Indeed, they are the fastest-growing demographic group of the world's population, with numbers roughly doubling every ten years since the 1970s.
	Q&A: Every eight minutes, a child experiences a home medication error. Here's how to prevent it Every eight minutes, a child experiences a medication error at home. These mistakes can be life-threatening.
	Flu shot season is here: Why you (and your kids) need one It's time to get the flu shot. They're important not just for adults, but also for children, and keeping the whole family safe, according to an expert in pediatrics.
	Burnout increasing among physicians in the United States The physician burnout rate in the United States is increasing, according to a study published online Oct. 6 in JAMA Network Open.
	SMART alcohol recovery meetings appeal to those with more social, economic stability, lower spiritual leanings: Study Certain characteristics of people seeking remission from alcohol use disorder (AUD) are linked to their choice of recovery meeting, a new study suggests. Informal peer recovery groups—mutual-help organizations—play a crucial role for many individuals with AUD or other drug disorders. Such groups are proliferating and differ substantially in approach.
	Most seniors with RSV-linked hospitalization are aged ≥75, according to research Most respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalizations among seniors aged ≥60 years occur in those aged ≥75 years, and although RSV is less common among seniors, it is associated with more severe disease than COVID-19 or influenza, according to research published in the Oct. 6 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Misogyny in medicine impacts us all Over the last week or so, there has been widespread condemnation of a letter to the editor penned by a retired British anesthetist and published in a U.K. newspaper.
	AI predictive models shown to be unreliable over time in clinical settings Models built on machine learning in health care can be victims of their own success, according to researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine and the University of Michigan. Their study assessed the impact of implementing predictive models on the subsequent performance of those and other models.
	Infertility associated with small increased risk for birth defects among children conceived through fertility treatment A study of more than 850,000 children born in Australia found that parental infertility may be a factor for a small increased risk of birth defects in children conceived through fertility treatment. The authors also found that the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was associated with an increased risk for major genitourinary abnormalities. However, the authors caution that the overall increase in the relative risks is small. The study is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Physicians debate best screening tools and practices for patients with potential dementia and cognitive impairment In a new Annals 'Beyond the Guideline's feature, two experts review the available evidence about cognitive impairment to determine effective screening tools, interventions to improve patient outcomes, and the circumstances under which they would recommend screening for cognitive impairment (CI).
	Stigmatization takes a major toll on those living with skin diseases across Europe, says study A major pan-European study has revealed that almost all patients affected by skin diseases face embarrassment, with the psychological burden compounding the physical impact of living with the disease.
	Researchers describe horrific effects of new drug threat, xylazine, or 'tranq' An animal sedative approved by the FDA, xylazine has now made its way to the illicitly manufacture fentanyl supply, creating new challenges for physicians caring for its victims.
	Teaching expectant mothers to bond with their babies Up to a third of mothers don't bond well with their babies after birth, causing intense emotional distress to both mother and baby. Now researchers have found that they can train at-risk expectant mothers to recognize and regulate emotions better, potentially reducing their risk of postpartum depression.
	Should children with diabetes or pre-diabetes go on a low-carb diet? A child's diet is important because it helps them grow, stay healthy and have the energy to play, learn and do the things they love. If you're the parent or caregiver of a child with diabetes—or one who faces risks for the disease—you may feel especially concerned about what your child should and shouldn't eat.
	What people with heart disease should know about vaccines today In some ways, the link between viruses, vaccines and heart health is simple.
	Fear of missing out driving teen online anxiety, says study Australian high school students who reported high social media use in conjunction with high levels of FoMO (fear of missing out) also reported increased symptoms of anxiety, while those with lower levels of FoMO had less anxiety when online, according to a new study.
	Ozempic for weight loss is disrupting companies' business model As sales of appetite-suppressing drugs such as Ozempic and Mounjaro skyrocket, corporate America is grappling with the question: How does a less-hungry, less-impulse-prone consumer affect my business model?
	Rugby to adopt 'smart' mouthguards to protect against head injuries Rugby authorities will start using "smart" mouthguards to help protect players from head injuries, the sport's global governing body said on Monday.
	Psychotherapy for addictions: Motivation is key, research finds Psychotherapeutic approaches are, at best, moderately effective in helping people with substance abuse or addiction problems reduce their dependence.
	Black patients more likely to perceive racial bias from orthopaedic surgeons, finds study Black patients report more difficulties relating to their orthopaedic surgeon and are more likely to perceive bias from their surgeon, as compared with White patients, reports a study in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.
	Predicting prostate cancer recurrence 15 months sooner A Purdue University mechanical engineer and his international collaborators have developed a patent-pending method and algorithm to predict the recurrence of prostate cancer in patients treated by radiation therapy.
	A missing piece of the puzzle in a rare life-threatening condition linked to vaccines A team of scientists led by the University of Aberdeen has taken an important step forward in understanding the mechanisms by which adenovirus-based vaccines, including some of those used in the COVID pandemic, can cause serious adverse reactions.
	Is this how antidepressants work, and why they take weeks to kick-in? SSRI antidepressants normally take a few weeks before any showing mental health benefits, but how come it takes so long? Now a study from a group of clinicians and scientists provides the first human evidence that this is due to physical changes in the brain leading to greater brain plasticity developing over the first few weeks of SSRI intake. This may also begin to explain one of the mechanisms of how antidepressants work.
	Less than one-third of patients found to enter cardiac rehab after heart procedure The vast majority of people who have a minimally invasive heart valve replacement procedure do not participate in recommended cardiac rehabilitation, a Michigan Medicine-led study finds.
	Researchers call for scrutiny of employment leave for early pregnancy endings Parents facing an early end to pregnancies can be entitled to differing degrees of paid leave depending on where they live, recently published research has shown.
	Dengue: Why is this sometimes fatal disease increasing around the world? Something unusual seems to be happening with dengue, a potentially fatal mosquito-borne viral disease found across swathes of tropical Africa, Asia and the Americas. As with most infectious diseases, the number of cases tends to rise and fall over the years as epidemics come and go, but recently changes seem to be afoot in how dengue is behaving.
	Contraceptive pills can lower the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, study finds Contraceptive pills can reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, while hormone treatment in connection with menopause can increase the risk later in life. In a new study of more than 200,000 women in the UK, researchers at Uppsala University have discovered connections between the use of sex hormones and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. The results have been published in the journal Rheumatology.
	Study reveals promising therapeutic approach for prostate cancer bone metastasis In a study published in the journal Genes & Diseases, researchers from Army Medical University and Shenzhen University investigated the pivotal role of miR-18a-5p, a microRNA, in the development and progression of osteoblastic lesions resulting from prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis.
	Defective EMC1 protein may contribute to a severe ocular disorder, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy In a recent study published in the journal Genes & Diseases, researchers from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China have uncovered a key relationship between the EMC1 protein and retinal vascular development. Mutations in the EMC1 gene appear to be associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), a severe ocular condition. The discovery offers potential new therapeutic avenues for treating this disorder and other related vascular defects.
	Study identifies biomarker that could lead to better treatment for autoimmune disease New research that helps explain the molecular processes involved in the painful autoimmune disease ankylosing spondylitis, or AS, may reduce the guessing game that health care providers currently play while attempting to treat the condition.
	Redefining heart disease risk, prevention and management Health experts are redefining cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, prevention and management, according to a new American Heart Association presidential advisory published today in the journal Circulation.
	Bedbugs force closure of seven schools in France: minister France has been forced to shut seven schools over growing concerns over an infestation of bedbugs, Education Minister Gabriel Attal said Friday.
	US drugmaker Bristol Myers Squibb buys Mirati for $4.8bn US pharmaceutical company Bristol Myers Squibb announced a $4.8 billion deal on Sunday to acquire cancer drugmaker Mirati Therapeutics.
	GPs could improve access to ADHD treatment. But Australia still needs specialists to diagnose and start medication Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects 2.5–5% of people. Less than half of people with ADHD have been diagnosed and treated—though more and more people are presenting for help.
	What every woman needs to know about breast cancer screening Catching breast cancer early is key to making it easier to treat and survive, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS).
	Advice on hand, foot and mouth disease in kids Hand, foot and mouth disease, most commonly caused by a coxsackievirus, is a highly contagious childhood illness. The virus can be spread through respiratory droplets, person-to-person contact and touching a contaminated object.
	What is croup? Its symptoms and treatment Croup can be a scary thing for new parents to watch their babies struggle with, so here is a primer on what it is and how to best treat it.
	Cervical cancer: What it is, symptoms and treatment Cervical cancer is a diagnosis no woman wants to receive, and navigating the disease can be challenging.
	Georgia state agencies seek more health spending, raises and reversal of cuts by lawmakers Weeks after it became clear the state would run a third massive yearly surplus in a row, Gov. Brian Kemp told state agencies they could ask for more money to spend in the coming year.
	Q&A: We need to rethink anxiety, says psychologist The U.S. was an anxious nation before COVID and has seen levels rise even more in the past few years, especially among young people. David H. Rosmarin, an associate professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School and director of McLean's Spirituality and Mental Health Program, has spent decades treating the disorder.
	Understanding the impact of changes to the UK Health and Care Visa System on the adult social care workforce in England International recruitment in health and social care has long provided opportunities for care providers and people looking to work in the UK and is one route to addressing workforce shortages.

Other Sciences news

	Saturday Citations: Hippo maxillofacial issues; implicit biases in the game of kings; AI masters Street Fighter They announced the Nobel prizes this week! But did any of the recipients teach an AI to play Street Fighter? Here are a few of this week's stories not yet lauded by international committees of scientists, but which we thought were pretty good:
	Claudia Goldin wins Nobel for work on women in the labor market The Nobel prize in economics was on Monday awarded to American economist Claudia Goldin for research that has helped bring understanding to the role of women in the labor market.
	Best of Last Week—new mammal organelle, AI that designs robots, Stonehenge 'Altar Stone' has different origin It was a good week for biology research, as a team of cell biologists at ETH Zurich identified a new organelle in mammalian cells. Called the exclusome, it is made of DNA rings called plasmids. A team led by a group at USC unlocked the secrets of a sixth basic flavor. They found that the tongue responds to ammonium chloride via the same protein receptors that signal sour taste. And a team of biologists at the University of Exeter found that bumble bees drop to shake off Asian hornets. By dropping to the ground, the bees take the attackers with them, forcing them to lose their grip.
	Stone Age herders transported heavy rock tools to grind animal bones, plants and pigment About 7,000 years ago, a small group of people sat around a fire, next to a small lake in what is now the Nefud Desert of northern Saudi Arabia.
	Young children who are close to their parents are more likely to grow up kind, helpful and 'prosocial' A loving bond between parents and their children early in life significantly increases the child's tendency to be "prosocial," and act with kindness and empathy towards others, research indicates.
	Humans got to America 7,000 years earlier than thought, new research confirms When and how humans first settled in the Americas is a subject of considerable controversy. In the 20th century, archaeologists believed that humans reached the North American interior no earlier than around 14,000 years ago.
RIP Stoneman Willie: US mummy buried after 128 years After more than a century living with a macabre mystery, the US town of Reading, Pennsylvania closed the casket Saturday on its oddest-ever resident—a mummified man who was finally buried.
	Economics prize closes out 2023 Nobel season The economics prize closes the prestigious Nobel awards season on Monday, with specialists on credit, the job market or inequalities expected to be among the contenders.
	Claudia Goldin: Nobel-winning sleuth of the gender pay gap Claudia Goldin has long thought of herself as a kind of detective within economics, employing tools across academic disciplines in a quest to examine how women fit into the workforce.
	Why do so few women take on scientific careers? There were around 8 billion human beings in 2022, 50% of them women. Although there are as many women as men, the former continue to be underrepresented in science.
	Discovery of half-million-year-old wooden structure shows we're wrong to underestimate our ancient relatives To most people, complex technologies separate modern humans from their ancestors who lived in the Stone Age, thousands or hundreds of thousands of years ago. In today's fast changing world, older technologies, even those from a few years ago, are often described dismissively as "Stone Age."
	When rentals go wrong: Study explores sharing economy and ways to boost good customer behavior Consumers are increasingly paying for temporary access to products and services through companies like Rent the Runway, Netflix, Airbnb, and Uber—creating an "access-based industry" that's expected to grow to $335 billion by 2025. But, in exchange for low prices, there's an additional cost to customers in terms of their time and effort.
	Night owls may earn less than early birds: Study reveals connections between circadian rhythm and income level Researchers from the University of Oulu, Finland, have uncovered a link between internal circadian rhythm and income levels. According to the study, now published in Economics & Human Biology, individuals who tend to be more active in the evening hours (night owls) also tend to exhibit characteristics that are associated with lower income. This relationship was mainly observed for men in the middle-aged study sample.
	Q&A: How foreign investment in US land affects food security David Ortega, faculty laureate and associate professor in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, provided expert testimony to the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry's hearing on foreign investment in U.S. agriculture on Wednesday, Sept. 27. The committee is chaired by U.S. Senator Debbie Stabenow of Michigan. Ortega answers questions about his testimony.
	Prescription opioid companies increased marketing after Purdue Pharma lawsuit, study shows Purdue Pharma is inextricably linked with the opioid crisis.
	Study explores how risk tolerance changes around payday People living in poverty often struggle from payday to payday. Those who receive government assistance, such as welfare or pensions, must manage scarce resources to make ends meet until the next payment. Researchers from Kobe University, the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Toyo University, and Simon Fraser University have studied how people's willingness to take risks changes before and after payday.
	Researcher: Today's white working-class young men who turn to racist violence are part of a long, sad American history In recent years, the United States has seen a surge of white supremacist mass shootings against racial minorities. While not always the case, mass shooters tend to be young white men.
	Archaeologists discover 5,000-year-old wine at the tomb of Meret-Neith in Abydos A German-Austrian team led by archaeologist Christiana Köhler from the University of Vienna is investigating the tomb of Queen Meret-Neith in Abydos, Egypt. She was the most powerful woman in the period around 3,000 BC. Recent excavations prove her special historical significance: the researchers found 5,000-year-old wine and other grave goods. This fuels speculation that Meret-Neith was the first pharaoh of ancient Egypt and predecessor of the later Queen Hatshepsut.
	Diversity in government contracts still falls short of equal opportunity for disadvantaged firms When it comes to government contracts, diversity doesn't necessarily translate into equity, according to a University of Michigan study.
	Skeletal remains debunk myth surrounding 1918 flu pandemic Look back at the chronicle of global pandemics, and the flu pandemic of 1918 stands out as an anomaly for one reason: According to the history books, it struck healthy adults in their prime just as often, if not more so, than the weak or sickly.
	Opinion: China's youth unemployment problem has become a crisis we can no longer ignore Youth unemployment is a global problem, but in China the rate—21.3%—is particularly alarming, not just because it's high, but because it could affect other economies and geopolitical relations.
	1 in 5 prisoners in the Netherlands is overlooked by professionals, says researcher Prisoners deserve better professional support when preparing to return to society. Ph.D. candidate Amanda Pasma says, "You can't imprison everyone for life. Society will have to give prisoners a second chance."

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