Science X Newsletter Thu, Oct 26

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 26, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Researchers find first proof of menopause in wild chimpanzees

Variable star RZ Piscium has a compact and highly perturbed debris disk, study finds

Time to inform the public about the adverse effects of ultra-processed foods, researchers say

Engineers develop breakthrough 'robot skin'

New quantum computing architecture achieves electron charge qubit with 0.1 millisecond coherence time

New study suggests cyclones in the Arctic are forming more often and getting stronger

Shape-shifting fiber can produce morphing fabrics

How adults understand what young children are saying

New nanoparticles found to be effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Interacting polarons: Physicists simulate interacting quasiparticles in ultracold quantum gas

Analysis finds diversity on the smallest scales in sulfur-cycling salt marsh microbes

Psoriasis not caused by spontaneous mutations in skin cells, finds study

Study shows simple diet swaps can cut carbon emissions and improve your health

A large international study of migraine reveals new biological pathways for treatment

Molecular scaffold offers new approaches for spinal cord injury

Nanotechnology news

	New nanoparticles found to be effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis A team of scientists has developed a new solution for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The work has been published in Nature Nanotechnology.
	Molecular scaffold offers new approaches for spinal cord injury Northwestern Medicine scientists have developed a molecular "scaffold" capable of enhancing electrical activity and growth in neurons, which may prove useful in treating spinal cord injuries, according to recent results published in ACS Nano.
	Japanese researchers develop AI-nanopore platform for accurate, rapid COVID-19 testing A rapid, accurate way of testing for COVID-19 infection would be a big step in overcoming the virus' hold over our society. Now, Japanese researchers have developed a promising solution: a novel platform that couples nanopore technology with artificial intelligence. The article, "High-precision rapid testing of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in clinical samples using AI-nanopore," was published in Lab on a Chip .
	Multimodal graphene-based e-textiles for the realization of customized e-textiles developed for the first time A joint research team led by Principal Researcher Soongeun Kwon and Professor Young-Jin Kim has developed graphene-based, customized e-textiles, for the first time in the world. They published their findings in ACS Nano in a paper titled, "Multimodal E-Textile Enabled by One-Step Maskless Patterning of Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Graphene on Nonwoven, Knit, and Woven Textiles."
	Tiny networks intertwine to mimic design of bird colors The bright plumage of birds is often a feast for the eyes, but it has been a headache for scientists who have struggled to recreate the photonic nanostructures that generate those colors in the lab.
	Measuring mechanical stresses and strains in graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes Texas A&M University researchers have discovered that when charging a supercapacitor, it stores energy and responds by stretching and expanding. This finding can be used to design new materials for flexible electronics or other devices that must be both strong and store energy efficiently.
	Carbon nanotube membrane unleashes the power of permanganate for superior micropollutant removal With the rapid development of industrialization, water pollution is becoming more and more serious. The traditional water treatment method can't effectively remove organic pollutants, so advanced oxidation technology has become a possible solution.
	Making high-quality crystals that resonate strongly with infrared light Combining electronics with infrared light can enable small, fast, and sensitive devices for sensing, imaging, and signaling at the molecular level. However, in the infrared spectrum, materials must meet strict quality requirements for their crystals in order to meet the requirements for these functions.

Physics news

	New quantum computing architecture achieves electron charge qubit with 0.1 millisecond coherence time Coherence stands as a pillar of effective communication, whether it is in writing, speaking or information processing. This principle extends to quantum bits, or qubits, the building blocks of quantum computing. A quantum computer could one day tackle previously insurmountable challenges in climate prediction, material design, drug discovery and more.
	Interacting polarons: Physicists simulate interacting quasiparticles in ultracold quantum gas An electron moving through a solid generates a polarization in its environment due to its electric charge. In his theoretical considerations, the Russian physicist Lev Landau extended the description of such particles by their interaction with the environment and spoke of quasiparticles.
	Why do birds flock? Shedding light on collective motions in heterogeneous populations Electrifying plastic beads in a laboratory setup creates flocking behavior similar to that observed in birds. And if you mix beads of two sizes, they will automatically separate. This seemingly simple observation by Alexandre Morin and Samadarshi Maity teaches us about collective motion at all scales. "It's beautiful that something as complex as birds can be understood at its essence through beads."
	Superatomic semiconductor sets a speed record for ballistic flow Semiconductors—most notably, silicon—underpin the computers, cellphones, and other electronic devices that power our daily lives, including the device on which you are reading this article.
	Researchers advance high-temperature superconductivity in carbon materials In a study published in Advanced Science, researchers led by Prof. Zhong Guohua from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have made a prediction regarding superconductivity above 100 K within carbon-cage networks.
	New research finds stress and strain changes metal electronic structure New research from the University of Birmingham shows that the electronic structure of metals can strongly affect their mechanical properties.
	Ultrafast X-ray pulses force atoms to give up their electronic secrets A new spectroscopy technique developed by RIKEN researchers could help reveal the inner workings of metal catalysts and the proteins involved in photosynthesis in plants.
	Singles become pairs: New insights into the light scattering of atoms Researchers headed by Jürgen Volz and Arno Rauschenbeutel from the Department of Physics at the Humboldt University of Berlin, partners of the DAALI project, have gained new insights into the scattering of light by a fluorescent atom, which could also be useful for quantum communication. The research team has now published their results in the journal Nature Photonics.
	The 'spinaron': New quantum effect challenges the long-held Kondo effect For the first time, experimental physicists from the Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat have demonstrated a new quantum effect aptly named the "spinaron." In a meticulously controlled environment and using an advanced set of instruments, they managed to prove the unusual state a cobalt atom assumes on a copper surface.
	Controlling waves in magnets with superconductors for the first time Quantum physicists at Delft University of Technology have shown that it's possible to control and manipulate spin waves on a chip using superconductors for the first time. These tiny waves in magnets may offer an alternative to electronics in the future. The study, published in Science, primarily gives physicists new insight into the interaction between magnets and superconductors.
	Dark matter scientists receive first transmissions from deep underground Scientists have received the first transmissions from a muon detector placed 1 km underground in the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory.

Earth news

	New study suggests cyclones in the Arctic are forming more often and getting stronger A team of Earth scientists from North Carolina State University, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, North Carolina A&T State University, and Sandia National Laboratories has found evidence that suggests cyclones have become more common over the past half-century and have also become stronger.
	Study shows simple diet swaps can cut carbon emissions and improve your health According to a new study co-authored by a Tulane University researcher and published in the journal Nature Food, making simple substitutions like switching from beef to chicken or drinking plant-based milk instead of cow's milk could reduce the average American's carbon footprint from food by 35%, while also boosting diet quality by between 4–10%, according to the study.
	75% of exclusive hardwood may be illegally harvested The tropical wood type ipê is popular for building exclusive wooden decks, and in North America and Europe, the demand for the material has increased sharply.
	Recycling used wood can make a big contribution to net zero, but needs much better coordination As global demand for wood is forecast to increase by up to 170% by 2050, a new study published in Nature Communications demonstrates the importance of achieving net zero targets through the better use of waste wood and proposes solutions for how this could be achieved.
	Mystery of volcanic tsunami solved after 373 years The explosion of the underwater volcano Kolumbo in the Aegean Sea in 1650 triggered a destructive tsunami that was described by historical eye witnesses. A group of researchers led by Dr. Jens Karstens from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel has now surveyed Kolumbo's underwater crater with modern imaging technology and reconstructed the historical events.
	Do or dye: Synthetic colors in wastewater pose a threat to food chains worldwide Dyes widely used in the textile, food and pharmaceutical industries pose a pressing threat to plant, animal and human health, as well as natural environments around the world, a new study has found.
	Scientists find two ways that hurricanes rapidly intensify Hurricanes that rapidly intensify for mysterious reasons pose a particularly frightening threat to those in harm's way. Forecasters have struggled for many years to understand why a seemingly commonplace tropical depression or tropical storm sometimes blows up into a major hurricane, packing catastrophic winds and driving a potentially deadly surge of water toward shore.
	Turbocharged Otis caught forecasters and Mexico off-guard. Scientists aren't sure why Hurricane Otis turned from mild to monster in record time, and scientists are struggling to figure out how—and why they didn't see it coming.
	Fire, other ravages jeopardize California's prized forests On a steep mountainside where walls of flames torched the forest on their way toward Lake Tahoe in 2021, blackened trees stand in silhouette against a gray sky.
	Arctic archipelago turns the page on its mining past At the old Svea mine in the Arctic, broken railway tracks overgrown with weeds lead nowhere. Of the hundred buildings that once made up the town, there's almost nothing left.
	Exploring long-lasting effects of pre-phase landslides on future landslide occurrences A research team from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has explored the long-lasting effects of pre-phase landslides on future landslide occurrences and evaluated the susceptibility of regions prone to seismic events.
	AI could free up time to solve the world's problems, suggests hydrology expert A Charles Darwin University (CDU) water expert who uses ChatGPT to analyze hydrological data in a fraction of time says artificial intelligence (AI) could allow researchers to dedicate more time to the world's most pressing problems.
	A framework for screening pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates The prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has generated increasing concern due to the potential threats they pose to the ecosystem and human health. Landfill leachate is an important source of PPCPs in water; however, it has rarely been involved in source apportionment due to the lack of indicator-PPCPs (i-PPCPs) in landfill leachates.
	Designing marine protected areas in the fight against climate change An international team has developed the first comprehensive framework for designing networks of marine protected areas that can help vulnerable species survive as climate change drives habitat loss.
	Nearly 40 years later, one of Colorado's longest-running Superfund sites still has no radioactive waste cleanup plan Jeri Fry was six years old when she toured the uranium mill outside town where her dad worked.
	Feds say Colorado River water cuts sufficient enough to stave off immediate risks Current plans for reducing water use along the Colorado River should be sufficient to stave off risks of reservoirs reaching critically low levels over the next three years, according to a new analysis by the federal government.
	Conducting change: Why copper is key to a renewable future Copper was discovered in the Neolithic Age about 9,000 years ago. It was the first metal used by humans. And we've continued to value copper ever since. The average family home contains more than 90 kilograms of copper. Every time you turn on a light, use a mobile phone or drive a car, you are relying on copper.
	Study enhances validation of MERRA-2 aerosol optical thickness dataset in China A new study published in Atmosphere on Oct. 23 has made advances in the validation of MERRA-2 Aerosol Optical Thickness dataset in China. The study was conducted by scientists from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
	Media failed to highlight the negative impact of single-use facemasks on the environment, says review A multidisciplinary team from Bangor has shown how media messaging could have determined people's mask-wearing choices during the pandemic. This was based on a qualitative and quantitative review of British and Irish press coverage mentioning masks and face coverings between March 2020 and December 2021.
	New article argues that human right to the environment must be recognized in order to restore our planet A new article by environmental lawyer Prof. Nicholas A. Robinson sees the recognition of the Human Right to the Environment (HRE) as a first step in a long process of restoring a healthy environment for people and the planet.
	Examining how Mei-yu precipitation responds to climate change Mei-yu (i.e., plume rain) is a distinct weather phenomenon in East Asia during summer, which is generally characterized by persistent rainy and cloudy weather in the middle-lower Yangtze River valley (hereinafter referred to as YRV) region from mid-June to early July. Under global warming, anomalous Mei-yu has caused severe meteorological disasters during recent years.

Astronomy and Space news

	Variable star RZ Piscium has a compact and highly perturbed debris disk, study finds Using NASA's Spitzer and WISE space telescopes, astronomers from the Steward Observatory and elsewhere have observed a well-known variable star designated RZ Piscium. They found that the star's circumstellar debris disk is compact and highly perturbed. The finding is reported in a paper published October 18 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Deep learning speeds up galactic calculations Supernovae, or exploding stars, play a critical role in the formation and evolution of galaxies. However, key aspects of these phenomena are notoriously difficult to simulate accurately in reasonably short amounts of time.
	Venus had Earth-like plate tectonics billions of years ago, study suggests Venus, a scorching wasteland of a planet according to scientists, may have once had tectonic plate movements similar to those believed to have occurred on early Earth, a new study found. The finding sets up tantalizing scenarios regarding the possibility of early life on Venus, its evolutionary past and the history of the solar system.
	Astronomers capture formation of a powerful cosmic jet Using a network of radio telescopes on Earth and in space, astronomers have captured the most detailed view ever of a jet of plasma from a supermassive black hole. The jet travels at nearly the speed of light and shows complex, twisted patterns near its source. These patterns challenge the standard theory that has been used for 40 years to explain how these jets form and change over time.
	Uranus aurora discovery offers clues to habitable icy worlds The presence of an infrared aurora on the cold, outer planet of Uranus has been confirmed for the first time by University of Leicester astronomers.
	New research sheds light on early galaxy formation Researchers have developed a new computer simulation of the early universe that closely aligns with observations made by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
	China launches new mission to space station China sent a fresh crew to its Tiangong space station on Thursday, in the latest mission for a growing space program that plans to send people to the Moon by 2030.
	Atmospheric Waves Experiment launching to space station to study atmospheric waves via airglow NASA's Atmospheric Waves Experiment, or AWE, mission is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in November 2023, where it will make use of a natural, ethereal glow in Earth's sky to study waves in our planet's atmosphere.
	Space is getting crowded with satellites and space junk. How do we avoid collisions? Reports this week suggest a near-collision between an Australian satellite and a suspected Chinese military satellite.
	The sun's activity cycle is reaching its peak early—knowing why could help us unlock the secrets of our star Our sun is a steady and everlasting companion. Reliable like a clock, its apparent passage across the sky allows us to measure time. The sun and its path is also the source of Earth's seasons. But in many respects, our sun is far from calm and unchanging.
	New mapping tools will find subsurface water ice on Mars Refined mapping tools that identify subsurface water ice on Mars will help determine the best targets for robotic and human missions to the planet.
	NASA's first two-way end-to-end laser communications system NASA is demonstrating laser communications on multiple missions—showcasing the benefits infrared light can have for science and exploration missions transmitting terabytes of important data.
	NASA improves GIANT optical navigation technology for future missions Goddard's GIANT optical navigation software helped guide the OSIRIS-REx mission to the Asteroid Bennu. Today its developers continue to add functionality and streamline useability for future missions.
	Io has 266 active volcanic hotspots linked by a global magma ocean, finds study Jupiter's Io stands apart from the solar system's other moons, with its numerous volcanoes and its surface dominated by lava flows. Io's surface volcanism was confirmed in 1979 when the Voyager spacecraft imaged it, but its volcanic nature isn't duplicated anywhere else in our system. Tidal heating is behind the moon's eruptive nature, driven by Jupiter's powerful gravity, and by resonance with other moons. But is there a magma ocean inside Io?
	After DART smashed into Dimorphous, what happened to the larger asteroid Didymos? NASA's DART mission (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) slammed into asteroid Dimorphos in September 2022, changing its orbital period. Ground and space-based telescopes turned to watch the event unfold, not only to study what happened to the asteroid, but also to help inform planetary defense efforts that might one day be needed to mitigate potential collisions with our planet.
	Civilizations are probably spreading quickly through the universe, researchers claim The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) has always been plagued by uncertainty. With only one habitable planet (Earth) and one technologically advanced civilization (humanity) as examples, scientists are still confined to theorizing where other intelligent life forms could be (and what they might be up to).
	Astronomers want JWST to study the Milky Way core for hundreds of hours To understand the universe, we need to understand the extreme processes that shape it and drive its evolution. Things like supermassive black holes (SMBHs,) supernovae, massive reservoirs of dense gas, and crowds of stars both on and off the main sequence. Fortunately there's a place where these objects dwell in close proximity to one another: the Milky Way's galactic center (GC.)
	Digital terrain models zero in on Martian surface Picture soaring over a rugged canyon on another world, strapped into an imaginary hang glider. Or getting a bird's eye view of craters that stretch on for miles and following along the same paths as the robotic rovers that have explored the surface of Mars. All of this is possible—virtually—thanks to specialists at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory.
	How to prepare for a trip to space Aleksandra Stankovic is an aerospace psychologist and spaceflight biomedical researcher who studies how to optimize human performance and behavioral health in extreme operational environments. In this article, she describes how a person gets ready to travel to space.
	What's inside the Carina pillars? Massive protostars and newly forming planets Star-forming nebulae are busy places. Unfortunately, clouds of gas and dust usually hide the action. To cut through the dust in one such region, a team of astronomers used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). They peered inside the Pillars of the Carina Nebula and studied molecular outflows (or jets) emanating from objects in this famous star-birth nursery.
	Image: Readying a little rover An engineer prepares a small rover for testing in a thermal vacuum chamber on Oct. 24, 2023, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

Technology news

	Engineers develop breakthrough 'robot skin' Smart, stretchable and highly sensitive, a new soft sensor developed by UBC and Honda researchers opens the door to a wide range of applications in robotics and prosthetics.
	Shape-shifting fiber can produce morphing fabrics Instead of needing a coat for each season, imagine having a jacket that would dynamically change shape so it becomes more insulating to keep you warm as the temperature drops.
	Study shows same movement patterns used by wide range of organisms, with implications for cognition and robotics An electric knifefish shimmies in the water for the same reason a dog sniffs or a human glances around a new place—to make sense of their surroundings. For the first time, scientists demonstrate that a wide range of organisms, even microbes, perform the same pattern of movements in order to sense the world.
	Acoustic touch: Vision via sound for the blind Australian researchers have developed cutting-edge technology known as "acoustic touch" that helps people "see" using sound. The technology has the potential to transform the lives of those who are blind or have low vision.
	Introducing the trimmed helicoid, a soft robot arm that's based on an elephant's trunk At EPFL's CREATE lab, under the guidance of Josie Hughes, a breakthrough has been made in the realm of soft robotics. Drawing inspiration from the versatile movement of elephant trunks and octopus tentacles, the team introduced the trimmed helicoid—a novel robotic structure that promises greater compliance and control in robotic designs.
	A potentially cheaper and 'cooler' way to transport hydrogen In the continued effort to move humanity away from fossil fuels and towards more environmentally friendly energy sources, researchers in Japan have developed a new material capable storing hydrogen energy in a more efficient and cheaper manner.
	AI can alert urban planners and policymakers to cities' decay More than two-thirds of the world's population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to the United Nations. As urbanization advances around the globe, researchers at the University of Notre Dame and Stanford University said the quality of the urban physical environment will become increasingly critical to human well-being and to sustainable development initiatives.
	Researchers develop way to prevent damage that plagues next-gen lithium batteries University of Maryland researchers studying how lithium batteries fail have developed a new technology that could enable next-generation electric vehicles (EVs) and other devices that are less prone to battery fires while increasing energy storage.
	Design improvements boost efficiency of III-V solar cells Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) were able to squeeze some extra efficiency out of their solar cells through careful design of the materials in the cell stack.
	Exploring the details of an energy-saving AI chip Hussam Amrouch has developed an AI-ready architecture that is twice as powerful as comparable in-memory computing approaches. As reported in the journal Nature Communications, the professor at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) applies a new computational paradigm using special circuits known as ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs). Within a few years, this could prove useful for generative AI, deep learning algorithms and robotic applications.
	New phone case provides workaround for inaccessible touch screens A new smartphone case could soon enable folks with visual impairments, tremors and spasms to use touch screens independently. Developed at the University of Michigan, BrushLens could help users perceive, locate and tap buttons and keys on the touch screen menus now ubiquitous in restaurant kiosks, ATM machines and other public terminals.
	Breakthrough synthesis method improves solar cell stability Solar cell efficiency has soared in recent years due to light-harvesting materials like halide perovskites, but the ability to produce them reliably at scale continues to be a challenge.
	Hyundai to hold software-upgrade clinics across the US for vehicles targeted by thieves Hyundai said Wednesday that it will set up "mobile clinics" at five U.S. locations to provide anti-theft software upgrades for vehicles now regularly targeted by thieves using a technique popularized on TikTok and other social media platforms.
	Japan show provides glimpse of robots as future of rescue efforts With a drone camera, a survivor is spotted in the rubble. A robot on tracks brings him water while rescuers in exoskeletons clear an escape route for an autonomous stretcher to take her to safety.
	Elon Musk teases audio and video calls at X X is tinkering with video and audio calling at the platform formerly known as Twitter, according to a post Wednesday by owner Elon Musk.
	Thanks to AI, the last new Beatles song, 'Now And Then,' will be released next week Sixty years after the onset of Beatlemania and with two of the quartet now dead, artificial intelligence has enabled the release next week of what is promised to be the last "new" Beatles song.
	How sustainable, livable and resilient housing can help us adapt to a changing future This summer, Canada experienced wildfires, extreme heat, drought and flooding. Other regions of the world faced similar events.
	Transition from fossil to clean energy will reduce global mining activities: Study A wide range of metals need to be mined for solar panels, wind turbines and batteries. Researchers from Leiden University have shown that this 'mining burden' does not outweigh the final gain: the overall mining activity is set to decrease as clean energy replaces fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas.
	3D-printed ceramic structures will improve fuel cells to make better use of natural gas Skoltech researchers have used an inexpensive 3D-printing technique to demonstrate the manufacturing of a ceramic part of a highly complex shape, which could be used in fuel cells, a promising technology for efficient and environmentally friendly electrical power generation.
	Right-wing social media benefited from high-profile suspensions on mainstream platforms, says study Following the ban of prominent political figures from Twitter, such as former US President Donald Trump, many alt-tech platforms—offering uncensored speech and popular with the far-right—have gained significant influence across the digital media ecosystem.
	Invertible neural network tool helps optimize airfoil design Humans have always developed tools or technologies to help us surmount challenges. Obstacles encourage people to innovate.
	How a small 'gap' brings green energy storage through electrolysis closer Green hydrogen is a serious contender to become a renewable energy carrier. For example, we could use it to store solar and wind energy during peaks in order to utilize the energy when the sun is no longer shining and the wind is calm. This would require more electrolyzers that can efficiently and flexibly handle fluctuations in power supply.
	Apple's Safari browser is still vulnerable to Spectre attacks, researchers show Modern processors come with a fundamental vulnerability in their hardware architecture that allows attackers to hijack sensitive data. This insight emerged from the so-called Spectre attack reported in 2018.
	New inspection method increases confidence in laser powder bed fusion 3D printing Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have improved flaw detection to increase confidence in metal parts that are 3D-printed using laser powder bed fusion.
	Discovery of a major factor causing deviation in apartment impact sound insulation Impact sounds, such as footsteps or items dropping from neighboring units, are particularly bothersome in apartment complexes. Such noises can invade one's personal space. In newly built apartments, soundproofing structures like floating floors are employed to minimize these disturbances. The choice of materials and structural designs can significantly dampen sounds, resulting in a more peaceful living environment.
	The smart home tech inside your home is less secure than you think, research finds Our homes are getting smarter every day. The next time you buy a toaster, fridge or dishwasher, setup might involve connecting to your home WiFi network and downloading an app on your phone.
	Robot stand-in mimics your movements in VR Researchers from Cornell and Brown University have developed a souped-up telepresence robot that responds automatically and in real-time to a remote user's movements and gestures made in virtual reality.
	Mercedes profits fall due to lower sales German carmaker Mercedes-Benz said Thursday that its profits fell in the third quarter due to a drop in vehicle deliveries amid shortages of some parts.
	Jeep maker Stellantis plans to invest 1.5 billion euros in Chinese EV manufacturer Leapmotor Stellantis plans to invest about 1.5 billion euros, or about $1.6 billion, in Leapmotor, a Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer, the companies said late Wednesday.
	Australian hydrogen company outlines US expansion in New Mexico, touts research An Australia-based company plans to build a campus in New Mexico to expand its research into hydrogen fuel as a heat source for industry, touting a proprietary chemical process without greenhouse gas emissions.
	A year after Musk's Twitter takeover, X remains mired in turmoil A year ago Elon Musk purchased X, formerly known as Twitter, taking the platform on a journey that has resulted in lost money, advertisers and trust.
	US auto workers union reaches preliminary deal with Ford The US auto workers union reached a tentative agreement with Ford late Wednesday, a breakthrough in a 41-day stoppage on Detroit's "Big Three" car manufacturers.
	Amazon injuries more widespread than thought, study says More than two-thirds of Amazon.com Inc. U.S. warehouse workers surveyed by researchers reported that they took unpaid time off to recover from pain or exhaustion sustained on the job.
	Siemens Energy seeks state help as wind unit crisis deepens Siemens Energy said Thursday it was in talks with the German government about receiving financial help as it battles problems in its wind power unit, sending the firm's shares crashing.
	'New dangers and fears': Sunak outlines AI risks ahead of summit UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said Thursday that governments must be "honest" about the risks posed by artificial intelligence, as he prepares to host a global summit on the issue in Britain next week.
	Too many products are easier to throw away than fix—consumers deserve a 'right to repair' There was a time when the family washing machine would last decades, with each breakdown fixed by the friendly local repair person. But those days are long gone.
	Bankman-Fried to testify at his US crypto trial Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of the collapsed cryptocurrency exchange FTX, plans to make another high-stakes gamble and testify in his own defense at his criminal fraud trial.
	Beyond Juukan Gorge: How First Nations people are taking charge of clean energy projects on their land Many of the big wind and solar farms planned to help Australia achieve net zero emissions by 2050 will be built on the lands and waters of First Nations peoples. More than half of the projects that will extract critical minerals to drive the global clean energy transition overlap with Indigenous-held lands.
	Developments in deep-sea oil and gas resources: Hybrid mooring system for dual-platform operations With the sustainable development of marine resources, dual-platform joint operations have garnered increasing attention. These operations require minimal relative movement between the two sub-platforms. To meet this requirement, Dr. Shen Zhongxiang proposed a new hybrid mooring system. The work has been published in China Ocean Engineering.
	New research reveals alarming privacy and security threats in smart homes An international team of researchers, led by IMDEA Networks and Northeastern University in collaboration with NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, IMDEA Software, University of Calgary, and the International Computer Science Institute, has unveiled findings on the security and privacy challenges posed by the ever-growing prevalence of opaque and technically complex Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart homes.
	Report: Car buyers are more likely to consider an electric vehicle if their neighbors drive one A new report from Generation180, a national, clean energy nonprofit, finds that car buyers are more likely to consider an electric vehicle if their neighbors drive one. While multiple factors can influence purchasing decisions, this analysis of new EV retail registrations over a five-year period finds that EV ownership is highly concentrated in key hotspots—indicating the influence of a "neighborhood effect" on EV adoption.
	Design strategies for rechargeable aqueous metal-ion batteries Rechargeable aqueous metal-ion batteries (AMBs) have attracted extensive scientific and commercial interest due to their potential for cost-effective, highly safe, and scalable stationary energy storage. However, their limited output voltage, inadequate energy density, and poor reversibility of ambiguous electrode reactions in aqueous electrolytes strongly limits their practical viability.

Chemistry news

Microalgae research advances toward goal of net zero carbon emissions Scientists may be on the verge of taking a big step closer to the net-zero carbon emissions goal, thanks to University of Houston research into algae. Hidden potential is being revealed in the major algae studies at the microbial products lab, located at UH at Sugar Land.

Recent advances in Raman spectroelectrochemistry on single-crystal surfaces Benefiting from a principally contaminant-free and well-defined surface, single-crystal electrodes proffer new insights into interfacial processes and are important in electrochemistry. The surface atom density can be utilized to quantitatively explain the reaction process as a function of adsorbate coverage and catalytic reaction rate.

Biology news

	Researchers find first proof of menopause in wild chimpanzees A team of researchers studying the Ngogo community of wild chimpanzees in western Uganda's Kibale National Park for two decades has published a report in Science showing that females in this population can experience menopause and post-reproductive survival.
	Analysis finds diversity on the smallest scales in sulfur-cycling salt marsh microbes At the surface, salt marshes and their windswept grasses can look deceptively simple. But those marshes are teeming with biodiversity, from the insects and migrating birds in the air all the way down to the microbes that live in the soil. Scientists from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) have discovered that even among the sulfur-cycling microbes that are responsible for the "rotten egg gas" smell in salt marsh air, diversity extends all the way to genomes and even to individual nucleotides.
	Malaria protein discovery offers path for novel antimalarial intervention strategies The discovery of a malaria protein that helps the parasite grow inside red blood cells and plays a key regulatory role in the parasite's immune evasion tactics could pave the way for new vaccines or therapeutics to combat the deadly infection.
	Mammalian cells may consume bacteria-killing viruses to promote cellular health Bacteriophages, also called phages, are viruses that infect and kill bacteria, their natural hosts. But from a macromolecular viewpoint, phages can be viewed as nutritionally enriched packets of nucleotides wrapped in an amino acid shell.
	Roosters may have passed the self-recognition test A team of neuroscientists and psychologists from the Institute of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Bonn, and the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Bochum, both in Germany, has found possible evidence of roosters passing the self-recognition test. In their paper published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, the group describes experiments they conducted with roosters and mirrors.
	Membrane transporter ensures mobility of sperm cells, study finds Special proteins known as membrane transporters are of key importance for the mobility of sperm cells. A research team from the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH) headed by Prof. Dr. Cristina Paulino has, with the aid of cryo-electron microscopy, for the first time succeeded in decoding the structure of such a transporter and its mechanism.
	New model helps researchers get a handle on unpredictable cells In the process of embryonic development, cells take on intricate forms and functions. Patterns emerge from groups of cells, giving the biological tissues form, function, and integrity. It's a complex process that isn't well understood.
	New imaging method reveals activity of cells that break down bone Bone may seem as if it's a hard, lifeless structure, but now the cells living within have been imaged in unprecedented detail, thanks to an innovative imaging method developed at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research.
	Can AI nip tree disease in the bud? Global trade, tourism and other forms of human movement are accelerating the spread of tree and plant pathogens between continents. Dutch elm disease, first seen in Europe in 1910, was detected in Canada just four decades later. Since then, it has destroyed billions of elm trees in in North America and Europe.
	Fruit, nectar, bugs and blood: How bat teeth and jaws evolved for a diverse dinnertime They don't know it, but Darwin's finches changed the world. These closely related species—native to the Galapagos Islands—each sport a uniquely shaped beak that matches their preferred diet. Studying these birds helped Charles Darwin develop the theory of evolution by natural selection.
	A research team's 'Robin Hood' approach for tracking biodiversity Elise Zipkin and her team at Michigan State University have developed a sort of "Robin Hood" approach to better understand and protect the world's biodiversity.
	NY natural history museum changing how it looks after thousands of human remains in collection There are stories in the human bones at the American Museum of Natural History. They tell of lives lived—some mere decades ago, others in past centuries—in cultures around the world.
	Crusty creatures with 'rather complex' genitalia found in caves: A new species of millipede Deep within a cave in Brazil, a crusty creature crawled along the moist, rocky ground. Something about the subterranean animal caught the attention of nearby scientists.
	Can this team create a 'perfect' reef? Why the US military is banking on it The nation's military has been working on a new weapon: Creating a "perfect," self-healing coral reef that can withstand disease, warming temperatures and sea rise.
	Stretch of the Central California coast is about to be designated a marine sanctuary. What does that mean? A stretch of land that is expected to be designated as a national marine sanctuary by next year would preserve more than 5,000 square miles of ocean off California's Central Coast.
	Research shows bone density is maintained by proteins that are also involved in hair color Bone is maintained via a delicate balance between formation and resorption, and its imbalance leads to bone related diseases like osteoporosis, rheumatism and periodontitis.
	'Time bomb': Tree-killing bugs threaten France's lush forests Last year, ferocious wildfires destroyed thousands of hectares of one of France's most picturesque forests.
	Toxic diets: Canadian orcas face high risks of pollution-related health effects Killer whales, also called orcas, are known for their intelligence and striking presence. They are also enduring a silent but persistent threat beneath the surface of our oceans.
	Is your dog better or worse off on a cereal-free diet? If there's one issue that has gripped the dog-loving community for the past few years, it's that of cereals in dog food, and in particular in the ingredients that make up kibbles.
	Bed bugs are a global problem, yet we still know little about how they spread Bed bugs have recently exploded into the limelight amid widespread reports of a major outbreak in Paris. The more people share photos of bed bug bites on social media, the more concerned we feel. That's understandable, but the really worrying thing is the missing information—there is still no publicly available data about the infestations in Paris.
	Investigating the effects of surface treatment on the antibacterial activity of wood Research indicates that several pathogenic bacteria can remain contagious on a range of surfaces from hours to days and weeks. While wood as a surface material is known for its antibacterial properties, dry contamination via hands has so far been poorly understood, as most prior research has involved adding bacteria in liquid droplets to materials.
	Farmed wolffish could be on your plate in the future In the future, farmed wolffish could start appearing on fish counters. However, a new thesis from the University of Gothenburg shows that this fish, with its delicate, firm flesh, needs somewhat different farming conditions compared to salmon.
	Agronomists find green way to mitigate the effects of soil salinity Most crops are sensitive to soil salinity. Excess salts cause salt stress—plants lack water, photosynthesis is suppressed, respiration worsens, chlorophyll breaks down, and potassium ions leak. Water-soluble toxic salts stimulate the synthesis of reactive oxygen species that destroys cells. Due to global climate change, there is more saline land.
	Discovery of three novel Minorisa species, the smallest predatory marine picoplankton Minorisa, a group of unicellular eukaryotes (protists), is renowned as one of the smallest predators in the world. These microorganisms are widely distributed in oceans, with a particular abundance in coastal regions, where they are believed to play a crucial role in marine ecosystems.
	The intricate mechanisms of epigenetic silencing Epigenetic silencing, which involves the suppression of gene activity, is a fascinating and increasingly influential branch of biological sciences. It allows cells to remember and maintain specific gene expression patterns throughout development and respond to environmental cues such as winter cold in the case of vernalization in plants.
	A decision-support tool gives second life to food waste European scientists, companies and clusters developed a decision-support tool that identifies what residues from food production can be recycled and how. The software supports a decision-making process that is not only based on technical criteria, but also on economic and sustainable aspects.
	Insights for plant breeding: Arming wheat plants against climate stress with microorganisms Agriculture in Europe is increasingly affected by extreme weather conditions that lead to crop losses. In 2018, the damage in Germany alone amounted to around 770 million euros. Making wheat plants more resilient to these stresses could make a significant contribution to safeguarding global food production.
	Scientists identify gene that triggers dramatically increased root growth Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists identified a gene "hotspot" in the poplar tree that triggers dramatically increased root growth. The discovery supports the development of better bioenergy crops and other plants that can thrive in difficult conditions while storing more carbon belowground.
	Gene discovery may help growers battle grape downy mildew Researchers at Cornell have discovered a new grape downy mildew resistance gene—giving the wine and grape industry a powerful new tool to combat this devastating disease.
	Something to chew on: Researchers look for connections in how animals eat and digest food UMass Lowell's Nicolai Konow wants to bridge the gap between research on food processing and nutrient absorption. "There is a divide between biomechanists, who study chewing and food transport, and physiologists, who examine what actually happens to food in the gastrointestinal tract," said the assistant professor of biological sciences.
	Endangered whales live in area earmarked for gas exploration Endangered whales and dolphins live year-round in an area of the Mediterranean earmarked for oil and gas exploration, new research shows.
	UK study finds some species of seabirds are showing signs of developing immunity to avian influenza As part of a major research consortium announced last June, the UK's top scientists have discovered that some seabirds are demonstrating immunity to avian influenza.
	Wild animals that survive limb loss are astonishing. And a sign of the havoc humans are wreaking on nature It might seem astounding that a wild animal could survive a limb amputation and still thrive in the wild but videos from social media and research show this may be more common than people realize. Many wild animals not only survive the health risks of amputation, but go on to learn how to adapt to their new bodies, whether by themselves or with the help of others in their family.
	Effects of integrated rice-crayfish farming on soil biodiversity and functions Global food security is currently challenged by global changes, population expansion, and resource constrains. Integrated farming has been proposed as a sustainable approach to boost food production by taking advantage of the synergies between contrasting edible animal and crop species.
	Researchers report effect of hypoxia on periosteal stem cells A new study has shown that the interaction of miR-584-5p and RUNX2 could mediate PSC osteogenic differentiation induced by hypoxia. The work is published in the World Journal of Stem Cells.

Medicine and Health news

	Time to inform the public about the adverse effects of ultra-processed foods, researchers say A team led by researchers from the Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, France, has summarized where we are in our understanding of the adverse health effects related to ultra-processed food with some suggestions of how to move forward with this information.
	How adults understand what young children are saying When babies first begin to talk, their vocabulary is very limited. Often one of the first sounds they generate is "da," which may refer to dad, a dog, a dot, or nothing at all.
	Psoriasis not caused by spontaneous mutations in skin cells, finds study Psoriasis—a chronic skin condition—is not caused or spread by spontaneous genetic mutations in the skin, new research suggests.
	A large international study of migraine reveals new biological pathways for treatment A large international study led by deCODE Genetics on the genetics of migraine provides novel insights into the biology of migraine enabling detection of rare variants protecting against migraine, opening an avenue for potential development of novel drug targets.
	How two proteins that bind to RNA contribute to the inflammation of asthma A publication in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology led by researchers from King's College London has, for the first time, revealed important information on the role of mRNA regulating proteins in asthma.
	New method identifies children most at risk for severe RSV infection Researchers from Karolinska Institutet, among others, have developed a prognostic model that identifies the children most at risk of severe RSV infection. The study, published in The Lancet Digital Health, can show which children will benefit most from new methods to prevent a serious infection.
	How dopaminergic systems in fruit flies create reward-seeking behaviors despite adverse consequences A team of biomedical researchers at the University of Oxford's Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior has discovered how dopaminergic systems in fruit flies can instill reward-seeking behaviors despite adverse consequences.
	Clinics continue marketing unproven stem cell interventions as treatments for COVID-19 and long COVID Researchers have identified 38 businesses engaged in direct-to-consumer marketing of purported stem cell treatments and exosome therapies for preventing and treating COVID-19 even though these "interventions" have not been approved or authorized by national regulatory bodies and are not supported by convincing safety and efficacy data.
	Stunting in infancy linked to differences in cognitive and brain function Children who are too short for their age can suffer reduced cognitive ability arising from differences in brain function as early as six months of age, according to new research from the University of East Anglia.
	Brain implant successfully controls both seizures and OCD A patient at Oregon Health & Science University is the first in the world to benefit from a single stimulator implanted in the brain to effectively control two life-altering conditions: seizures caused by epilepsy and compulsive behavior caused by obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD.
	The phenotypic plasticity effect of cancer cells and how to exploit it Cancer cells are notorious for rapidly changing their phenotype, driving within-host spread and evading treatment. Scientists in Plön have used a mathematical model to understand the role of a signal used by cancer cells to control their phenotype. By manipulating these signals, cancer cells can be tricked into a less harmful phenotype that is more responsive to treatments.
	First digital atlas of human fetal brain development published A team of more than 200 researchers around the world, involving multiple health and scientific institutions, led by the University of Oxford, has published the first digital atlas showing the dynamics of normative maturation of each hemisphere of the fetal brain between 14 and 31 weeks' gestation—a critical period of human development. The article is titled "Normative spatiotemporal fetal brain maturation with satisfactory development at 2 years" and appears in the journal Nature
	Research finds potential target for cardiovascular disease in diabetes More than 10% of the population in the United States has been diagnosed with diabetes according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About 7.5% of these diabetic patients will experience cardiovascular events like heart attack or stroke in their lives.
	Minifridge-sized bioreactor can quickly produce T cells needed for cancer treatment A new tool to rapidly grow cancer-killing white blood cells could advance the availability of immunotherapy, a promising therapy which harnesses the power of the body's immune response to target cancer cells.
	Unexpected link found between 2 schizophrenia risk proteins The discovery of a physical interaction between two proteins in brain cells that can be traced in mice to control of movement, anxiety and memory could one day open the door to development of new schizophrenia treatment strategies, researchers say.
	Research team designs gel that repairs cartilage nonsurgically with electricity A lifetime of activity can gradually erode the cartilage that cushions our joints. Someday, we might simply inject a gel to repair it, University of Connecticut researchers report in the Oct. 6 issue of Nature Communications.
	Developing the first technique to find the causative agent of brain diseases Professor Il-Joo Cho of College of Medicine, Korea University, and his research team successfully developed the first brain chip that can simultaneously measure several types of neurotransmitters in real time.
	COVID-19 pandemic and prison compounded risk of overdose deaths by up to 50%, study finds People in Ontario who had recently been incarcerated were at far greater risk of opioid toxicity death during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a new study from a Simon Fraser University researcher.
	The term 'antimicrobial resistance' has little meaning to the public and should be renamed, says study The public is failing to take antimicrobial resistance seriously and it could all be down to the scientific terminology used. A study by Dr. Eva Krockow from the University of Leicester, which looked at public health communication shows that the term commonly used to describe bacteria resistant to current medicines or antibiotics (Antimicrobial resistance or AMR) is not taken seriously enough and therefore fails to stick in people's memories.
	New study in mice suggests curbing intestinal inflammation can combat C. diff infection Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) intestinal infections can cause severe, debilitating diarrhea in patients who are hospitalized or on immunosuppressive therapies. The infections can be very hard to eradicate, roaring back when patients try to taper their antibiotics. Many people wind up on antibiotics for months and can become resistant to three or more of them.
	Making genetic prediction models more inclusive While any two human genomes are about 99.9% identical, genetic variation in the remaining 0.1% plays an important role in shaping human diversity, including a person's risk for developing certain diseases.
	Viral reprogramming of cells increases risk of cancers in HIV patients, finds study Viral infections are known to be a central cause of more than 10% of cancers worldwide. University of California researchers may have uncovered one of the key reasons why. Their findings were published today in PLOS Pathogens.
	Number of dementia cases could be 42% higher than previously estimated by 2040 Up to 1.7 million people could be living with dementia in England and Wales by 2040—over 40% more than previously forecast—finds a new UCL-led study.
	Researchers identify key genes in the development of the primate brain The development of the brain requires an elaborate, tightly organized chain of events that are jumpstarted by neural stem cells, which give rise to increasingly specialized cells that carry out all brain functions. But what molecular events occur during this process that account for differences in the brains of primates and mice?
	Study shows endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome share genetic risk factors University of Queensland researchers have shown that endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share genetic risk factors, explaining why patients with one condition may also have the other.
	Researchers identify amino acid that may play a key role for predicting and treating long COVID University of Alberta researchers have identified an amino acid that may play a key role in predicting poor clinical outcomes and the treatment of long COVID.
	Brain injury expert says important changes still needed to legal definition of death despite reform pause After surveying the views expressed by 41 advocacy, medical, and transplant-focused organizations on the Uniform Determination of Death Act, a brain injury expert is calling for much-needed reforms to the legal definition of death in the United States. The recently announced pause by the Uniform Law Commission, which is spearheading revisions, is disappointing, the expert notes, but should not permanently stall practical fixes to longstanding problems with the Death Act.
	New study reveals inequities in access to mechanical circulatory support in US patients with cardiogenic shock A new study presented today at the Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT) conference 2023 sought to evaluate the presence of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequities in access to mechanical circulatory support in the United States among patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). The findings, published in the Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions, revealed stark disparities, particularly among Black patients, that further highlight systemic inequities in access to lifesaving therapies.
	Breast cancer survivors: New training to treat 'chemo-brain' A form of computerized attention and memory training can improve impaired attention and memory issues in women treated for breast cancer, University of Reading researchers have found.
	Treating amphetamine use disorder with stimulants: An encouraging new approach A new study has found that it may be possible to use stimulants to treat stimulant use disorder. People with amphetamine-type stimulant use disorder who are treated with prescription psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine (commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) may lower both their craving and stimulant use, especially if such treatments are administered at high doses.
	Does guideline-based treatment prevent racial disparities in cardiovascular outcomes? Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for women within most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. A new study in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology characterizes the risk profile for Black and non-Black women with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) enrolled in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) cohort study. It concludes that racial and ethnic disparities in long-term cardiovascular outcomes were not observed among women with obstructive CAD recruited from university/academic centers who received guideline-based treatment.
	Brazil scientists developing new 'vaccine' for cocaine addiction Scientists in Brazil, the world's second-biggest consumer of cocaine, have announced the development of an innovative new treatment for addiction to the drug and its powerful derivative crack: a vaccine.
	Q&A: Understanding high-functioning anxiety Dear Mayo Clinic: I've always been a high achiever, both personally and professionally. But I struggle with a whirlwind of worries and thoughts, constantly second-guessing myself and pushing for perfection. I've heard the term "high-functioning anxiety," and I feel like it is what I'm experiencing. How can I navigate and cope with this?
	Experimental Alzheimer's drug shows promise in injected-at-home form An experimental version of Eisai Co's Alzheimer's drug that might be given in patients' homes exceeded the power of Leqembi, its approved infused formulation, in an early study that could pave the way to bolstering uptake.
	Neighborhood parks could help your aging brain A variety of risks can make it more likely that someone develops Alzheimer's disease or other dementias.
	Increase in hepatitis A vaccination needed to prevent deaths Nearly two-thirds of those with hepatitis A virus (HAV)-related deaths have at least one documented indication for HAV vaccine, and only 4% have evidence of vaccination, according to research published in the Oct. 20 issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Race, sex, age influence pediatric mental health emergency visits For children and adolescents, mental health disorder-related emergency department (ED) visits are higher among adolescents, girls, and Black non-Hispanics versus Hispanics, according to a study published online Oct. 24 in the National Health Statistics Reports.
	Affording health care now a struggle for half of Americans: Poll More than half of working-age Americans struggle to afford their health care and many forgo care, possibly risking their health, according to a new survey.
	Health care workers reported more days of poor mental health in 2022 Health workers continued to report poor mental health and burnout in 2022, according to a 'Vital Signs' report published in the Oct. 24 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Black and low-income teens have more ED visits, major complications after scoliosis surgery New research by Nemours Children's Health has found that teens who are Black, publicly insured and of lower socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have more major complications after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the most common type of scoliosis. In addition, patients with public insurance are much more likely to return to the Emergency Department within 90 days of surgery. The study was published in the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics.
	The ego-consciousness of roosters evaluated in mirror test Scrape, cluck, lay eggs—that's it? Anyone involved in chicken farming knows that the animals are capable of much more. Researchers at the Universities of Bonn and Bochum, together with the MSH Medical School Hamburg, have found evidence that roosters could recognize themselves in a mirror. Whether this is successful, however, depends on the experimental conditions—a finding that points beyond the experiment with roosters and could also be of importance for other animal species. The study is now published in the journal PLOS ONE.
	Researchers study the functions of B4GALT3 in cancer immunity An old campaign slogan for cough syrup, "It tastes awful. And it works," seemed to imply that any sweet content might have diminished the medicinal effect.
	FDA conclusion that oral phenylephrine is ineffective means consumers need to rethink medications The ramp-up to cold and flu season is a bad time for consumers to learn that some of their most trusted go-to products don't actually work.
	Focusing on functional fitness in your 20s and 30s can help you be ready for anything What's the best type of exercise you can do for your health? The answer seems to change every week. Lately, many fitness enthusiasts and influencers have been talking about the importance of "functional fitness"—especially for people in their 20s and 30s who want to stay mobile and ready for anything as they get older.
	Social prescribing could support young people's mental health—but calls for a national strategy may be premature A growing number of children and adolescents in England are seeking access to mental health services. But the demand for these services is far outstripping capacity—and in some areas of England, children are waiting more than a year for support. It's clear new strategies are needed to address this growing need.
	Using 4D technology to produce cardiac pulses in arteries in vitro 3D printed cell models are currently in the spotlight of medical research, thanks to the fact that 3D printing is starting to become a key element in the manufacture of native tissue replicas. Although significant progress has been made, there remain aspects requiring attention in order to obtain more realistic models that faithfully represent the in vivo environment. Much work remains to be done to produce effective materials that are printable, stable, have enhanced mechanical properties, and which are responsive to the desired stimuli, and that way enter the new era of 4D printing.
	'Positive' trial for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-flu jab Germany's BioNTech and US pharmaceutical giant Pfizer on Thursday announced "positive" results from initial trials of their combined mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 and influenza.
	A century of research shows eating these compounds can help protect against heart disease and Alzheimer's Perhaps the word "polyphenol" means little to you, but they certainly mean a lot to your health. Polyphenols are a family of chemical compounds present in foods of vegetable origin and seaweed that have been studied over the last century for their health effects.
	How can I get some sleep? Which treatments actually work? Do you have difficulty falling asleep? Do you stay awake for a long time at night? Do these sleep problems make you feel fatigued, strung-out, or exhausted during the day? Has this been happening for months?
	COVID proved the therapeutic potential of RNA technology—making it more available is the next goal The recent award of the 2023 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman highlights the growing importance of RNA technology in the medical world, with many potential applications beyond COVID vaccines.
	Dementia is not just about memory loss: Study highlights importance of assessing standard emotional responses We focus too much on memory loss in relation to dementia and not enough on difficulties with identifying emotions in social situations, according to researchers from UNSW Sydney's Center for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA) and the MARCS Institute for Brain, Behavior and Development at Western Sydney University.
	Study investigates type 2 diabetes remission diet impacts on metabolic health People with type 2 diabetes who took part in a diet-assisted weight loss trial showed differences across a wide range of potential biomarkers of metabolic health one year later, according to the results of a new study.
	A promising target to fight inflammatory bowel diseases Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, arise when there is a dysregulation of the cell signaling pathways controlling the maintenance of homeostasis in the gut, leading to a chronic inflammatory response.
	Tackling heart disease and stroke risks with customized treatment Two major illnesses in Europe have prompted EU researchers to hunt for cures by grouping affected people.
	CBD and CBG may promote bone fracture healing, manage pain Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) might someday help bone fracture patients manage their pain, according to a Penn State study. In a study in mice, the researchers unexpectedly found that the cannabinoids also promoted fracture healing.
	Fungi used in food production could lead to new probiotics, suggest researchers Many fungus strains have been used and selected by the food industry for their capacities to ferment, produce flavors or produce heterologous molecules. According to a new study, two fungi used to produce food products have potential probiotic effects on gut inflammation.
	Prenatal exposure to lead linked to lower birth weights, earlier births in gold mining communities A new study on the impacts of prenatal exposure to toxic metals linked to artisanal gold mining and other sources in Madre de Dios, Peru, finds that mercury—the metal most commonly linked to adverse health impacts in the region's general population—has no direct effect on a newborn's birth weight or gestational age.
	Ever heard of the portfolio diet? It may lower risk for heart disease and stroke A lesser-known dietary pattern called the portfolio diet may lower the risk for heart disease and stroke, new research shows.
	A closer look at heart health: Research shows social factors at play Now published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, a recent Mayo Clinic study of residents living in a mostly rural, 11-county region of southeast Minnesota found that patients with heart failure and multiple social risk factors were more likely than other heart failure patients to experience adverse outcomes such as emergency department visits, hospitalization, delayed recovery and reduced quality of life.
	Most forms of exercise are overwhelmingly safe, but don't ignore the dangers The risks of serious injury from most sports and exercise are astonishingly small, according to the results of a five-year study led by researchers at the University of Bath.
	Genetic risks of autism and ADHD may be related to more screen time in children A team led by Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan has investigated screen time in autistic (ASD) and ADHD children. Screen time refers to the amount of time a person spends on a device with a screen, such as a smartphone, computer, television, or video game system.
	Q&A: Learning from Asian countries to control the leading global cause of death The leading causes of deaths worldwide are diseases that are not acquired through infection from other people but through a combination of individual physiology and lifestyle, the so-called "noncommunicable diseases" (NCDs). Diabetes, most cancers and most heart diseases are examples, and they disproportionally affect low- and middle-income countries, where they are on a dramatic rise because of unhealthy lifestyles and insufficient health care.
	Meta-analysis on urbanicity and depression research In 2018 the United Nations predicted that 68% of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2050, an increase from 55% today and a cause for concern among researchers who have identified multiple mental health risk factors in urban living. A 2010 meta-analysis in developed countries found that the prevalence of mood disorders was higher in urban areas, and one from 2019 studied rates of depression in older adults in developed and developing countries.
	Genomic screening to identify iron overload encourages patients to seek treatment and condition management, study finds Genomic screening to identify hemochromatosis—a disorder that causes iron levels in the body to rise to dangerous levels—encourages people with the condition to seek treatment and ongoing management, a Geisinger has study found.
	Mobile stroke units increase odds of averting stroke Receiving a clot-busting drug in an ambulance-based mobile stroke unit (MSU) increases the likelihood of averting strokes and complete recovery compared with standard hospital emergency care, according to researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian, UTHealth Houston, Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center and five other medical centers across the United States.
	People with autism found less likely to succumb to bystander effect A well-established psychological theory states that most of us are less likely to intervene in a bad situation if other people are present, and this 'bystander effect' also applies to workplace settings.
	How are vitamin supplements produced, and is it better to get vitamins through foods instead? Though people often refer to vitamin supplements, it's more accurate to call them dietary supplements. That's because most of these supplements also include minerals such as iron and calcium in addition to vitamins, even if they are labeled as multivitamins.
	2% of kids and 7% of adults have gotten the new COVID shots, US data show A month after federal officials recommended new versions of COVID-19 vaccines, 7% of U.S. adults and 2% of children have gotten a shot.
	Excess fluoride linked to cognitive impairment in children Long-term consumption of water with fluoride levels far above established drinking water standards may be linked to cognitive impairments in children, according to a new pilot study from Tulane University.
	Is red meat intake linked to inflammation? Inflammation is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the impact of diet on inflammation is an area of growing scientific interest. In particular, recommendations to limit red meat consumption are often based, in part, on old studies suggesting that red meat negatively affects inflammation—yet more recent studies have not supported this.
	Updated COVID-19 boosters and XBB.1.5: What you need to know As the world marches toward the completion of its fourth year with COVID-19, data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that the majority of those infected, hospitalized or dying from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the U.S. are older adults.
	The blind use of AI in health care can lead to invisible discrimination Artificial intelligence can help health care systems under pressure allocate limited resources, but also lead to more unequal access. This is demonstrated by a research collaboration between the University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet and DTU that investigated whether AI can spot the risk of depression equally across different population segments. The research presents options for combing algorithms for bias prior to their deployment.
	Netherlands study establishes number of people in minimally conscious state after severe brain injury for the first time Every year, approximately 130,000 Dutch people suffer some form of acquired brain injury. The causes can be traumatic such as a fall or road-traffic accident, but also a brain hemorrhages or lack of oxygen in the brain (for example after a resuscitation). Sometimes severe brain injuries can lead to a prolonged disorder of consciousness (pDoC). This situation arises after coma when patients open their eyes and breathe on their own, but their consciousness does not return within four weeks after brain injury.
	Genomic insights for prenatal screening: The advantages of low-pass genome sequencing The importance of accurate prenatal diagnosis in preventing birth abnormalities cannot be overstated. Traditional karyotyping (a test to examine chromosomes in a sample of cells) dates back to the late 1960s and is well-established, but advancements in technology offer new options.
	Financial insecurity common among frontline health care workers during COVID-19, research finds Many frontline health care workers in the United States experienced food insecurity and other significant financial challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a recent study led by UNC Greensboro (UNCG) researcher Mathieu Despard and published in Compensation & Benefits Review.
	Researchers discover resistance to liver cancer treatment Liver cancer is the fourth deadliest cancer in Hawaiʻi, particularly affecting Native Hawaiian, Filipino and Japanese men. Patients can develop liver failure when tumors metastasize or spread to the healthy portions of the liver which results in a rapid decline of health and even death.
	Estimating gastric cancer risk using DNA methylation and lifestyle data Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Various environmental and lifestyle-related factors, like tobacco and alcohol consumption, are known to contribute to the risk of gastric cancer. Further, infection by Helicobacter pylori–a bacterium found in the stomach–is another leading risk factor for the onset of the disease.
	Scientists show how many steps to take each day to reduce the risk of premature death An international study led by the University of Granada has identified for the first time the optimal number of steps at which most people obtain the greatest benefits, and also shows that the pace at which you walk provides additional benefits
	Clinical trial finds antibody-drug conjugate helps patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer live longer Treatment with datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), a novel Trop-2 directed antibody-drug conjugate, was found to significantly improve progression-free survival in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, an improvement that was primarily driven by patients with non-squamous tumors.
	How Native communities in Washington state are fighting the fentanyl crisis Practitioners burning sacred herbs for patients seeking addiction treatment. Tribal sweat lodges where Native Americans can meditate and purify their bodies. Gardens where rehab residents can grow their own medicinal plants.
	Boosting kids' health literacy October is National Health Literacy Month. Health literacy refers to the ability of people to find, understand, and use information and services to make informed health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
	Horizon Air cockpit scare revives pilot mental health concerns An off-duty Alaska Airlines pilot's alleged midair sabotage attempt of a Horizon Air flight from Seattle to San Francisco on Sunday—and the pilot's later admission that he had been depressed—highlights the major concerns that pilot mental health poses to the airline industry.
	Hello hay fever—why pressing under your nose could stop a sneeze but why you shouldn't If you have hay fever, you've probably been sneezing a lot lately.
	Three ways to prepare for bushfire season if you have asthma or another lung condition Australia's bushfire season is officially under way during an El Niño. And after three wet years, and the plant growth that comes with it, there's fuel to burn.
	Maternal vaccination rates increasing steadily in NSW, but coverage inequalities remain A new population-based study published in the journal Vaccine, has shown that 54% of women who gave birth in NSW in 2020 were found to have received both maternal influenza and pertussis vaccines during pregnancy, up from 18% in 2016.
	Screening, early cancer detection save lives When she was 50 years old, Beatrice Karnoscak's first mammogram detected breast cancer. Ten years after finishing treatment, Beatrice was diagnosed with lung cancer. Each time, early screening is what saved her life.
	US government says it plans to go after legal goods tied to illegal fentanyl trade in new strategy As overdose deaths continue at a record pace, U.S. Customs and Border Protection announced a new government-wide strategy Thursday involving scores of agencies that will target the precursor materials used by traffickers to make fentanyl and other synthetic drugs.
	For people aging alone, experts say plan ahead for long-term care Eduardo Galvan works out six days a week for at least an hour. He eats a healthy diet. And he's considering someday moving from his two-story condo in Ann Arbor, Michigan, into a one-floor living space, because while he has good health today at 59, one thing he doesn't have is someone to care for him should he lose it.
	Key signaling protein identified as possible target for new therapies in hard-to-treat cancers The unique signaling protein known as TRPM7 can stimulate and interact with an important cellular signaling hub called the AKT machinery, which is a well-known component of multiple cellular functions that drive growth and proliferation. This interaction causes a significant increase in the gene expression of COX-2, an important pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic gene that is highly expressed in cancer cells and typically coincides with poor prognosis.
	Your body knows the difference between good stress and bad stress. Do you? It may be surprising to hear, but medically speaking, not all stress is bad. Healthy stress levels help build resilience, says Safia Debar, MBBS, a stress management expert at Mayo Clinic Healthcare in London. In this expert alert, Dr. Debar explains the difference between good and bad stress and how to tell when you are in danger of overload.
	Study reveals that dental pulp stem cells and their products could help regenerate peripheral nerves and more Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) seriously affects people's quality of life. Stem cell therapy is considered a promising new option for the clinical treatment of PNI. Dental stem cells, particularly dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), are adult pluripotent stem cells derived from the neuroectoderm.

Other Sciences news

	Beads found in Israel are the oldest known example of the use of organic red pigments A team of archaeologists from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Institute of Archaeology, Sorbonne Universite and Conservatoire national des arts et métiers has found the oldest-known example of the use of organic red pigments to color an object—in this case, beads. In their study, reported on the open-access site PLOS ONE, the group used a variety of techniques to identify the source of red coloring on shell beads found in an Israeli cave decades ago.
	How often do you lie? Deception researchers investigate how the recipient and the medium affect telling the truth Prominent cases of purported lying continue to dominate the news cycle. Hunter Biden was charged with lying on a government form while purchasing a handgun. Republican Representative George Santos allegedly lied in many ways, including to donors through a third party in order to misuse the funds raised. The rapper Offset admitted to lying on Instagram about his wife, Cardi B, being unfaithful.
	Men say they are spending more time on household chores, and would like to do more—survey of 17 countries Women perform between three and seven times more caregiving tasks than men in the global south. These include household domestic work and largely focus on caring for children.
	Workplace tensions: How and when bystanders can make a difference In today's climate of global political tensions and polarization, workplaces are filled with conflicting viewpoints. When employees hold political identities and perspectives that do not align with their co-workers, they perceive greater incivility from them, which can result in greater stress and burnout.
	Wokewashing undermines the credibility of CEO sociopolitical communications: Study CEOs are increasingly participating in sociopolitical debates. However, their efforts can be ineffective, or even backfire, if consumers view the statements as unauthentic, according to a new international study.
	Designing natural language processing tools for teachers According to a 2022 Gallup poll, U.S. teachers in grades K-12 are the most burnt-out workers in any profession. Could natural language processing tools (NLP) support them?
	Investigating the difference between consent and coercion in 'voluntary' resettlement in Tibet The difference between voluntary and involuntary participation may seem clear, but a study from the Tibet Autonomous Region shows the distinction between the two can, in fact, be murky.
	Acquiring green firms can be healthy for a firm's bottom line, says new research There is some good news for companies looking to add to their green credentials. According to a new Concordia-led study, when firms acquire businesses specializing in green technologies or green brands, the buyer usually sees positive stock market reactions.
	Low self-regulation in smartphone use is connected to online shopping addiction A recent article from a joint study by the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy at the University of Jyväskylä and the Department of Education at the University of Helsinki is among the first peer-reviewed scientific publications exploring the co-effects of problems with self-regulation and smartphone use on shopping addiction. The research is published in the International Journal of Consumer Studies.
	Developing brand relationships through social media communication: A cross-cultural comparison The effect of different cultural characteristics can affect the relationships consumers using social media have with different brands, according to research published in the International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing.
	Could technology help reduce pretrial incarceration? Right now, thousands of people across the U.S. are in prison awaiting trial for a misdemeanor charge. A growing body of research indicates that if someone had sent each of them a text message at just the right time, with just the right message, a significant number may not have wound up there.
	New measuring tool tracks food security over time Researchers from the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management have developed a new method for measuring food insecurity, which for millions of people in the U.S. is more than just an abstract concept.
	Increasing vegetable crops will not ease hunger if supply chains don't keep pace We might think that if you want to feed more people in areas with food insecurity, you can just grow more food. But it isn't that simple.
	Black families are being squeezed out of homeownership by corporate investors In the years since the Great Recession, when housing prices dramatically fell, Wall Street investors have been buying large numbers of single-family homes to use as rentals. As of 2022, big investment firms owned nearly 600,000 such properties nationwide.
	Drug detection dogs often get it wrong, and it's a policing practice that needs to stop Drug detection dogs are a street-level policing strategy that has now been used in Australia for more than 25 years.
	Calls grow in Europe for wealth tax to finance the green transition Slowly but surely, calls for a wealth tax to finance the green transition are picking up in Europe, with a number of initiatives from different political movements put the issue (back) on the political agenda.
	All mines eventually close—how can mining towns like Mount Isa best manage the ups and downs? The announcement by Glencore last week that its Mount Isa copper mines will close in 2025 is significant for the town.
	Why are so many migrant families still separated? Chaos in the data Five years since the retraction of the Trump-era zero-tolerance policy on illegal border crossings, which resulted in the separation of more than 5,000 children from their families at the U.S.-Mexico border between 2017 and 2021, a task force is still attempting to reunify and account for separated families.
	Female computer engineering students obtain better grades and prefer more people-oriented specializations: Report In academic year 2021/2022, men formed a clear majority of students studying for a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering in Spain. According to the report "Igualdad en cifras" ("Equality in Figures") published by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, only 14.1% of all students taking that program were women.

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