Science X Newsletter Thu, Oct 5

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 5, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Scientists discover the highest energy gamma-rays ever from a pulsar

Indian astronomers investigate star-forming complex S193

Model shows how Amazonian forest degradation and monsoon circulation are interlinked

Researchers find a new quantum ruler to explore exotic matter

Mice experiments show early life adversity mental problems can be passed down three generations

Oldest evidence of human cannibalism as a funerary practice

Scientists unlock the secrets of a sixth basic flavor

Study shows defects spreading through diamond faster than the speed of sound

Bumble bees drop to shake off Asian hornets

Shining a light on tiny, solar-powered animals

Software can detect hidden and complex emotions in parents

New species of tiny wasp comes with mysterious, cloud-like structures at ends of antennae

New study reveals how biological sex influences brain proteins and disease risk

Possible markers identified for early metastatic lung cancer

Vaccine via the nasal passage could be the new line of defense against Strep A

Nanotechnology news

	The medicine of the future could be artificial life forms Creating artificial life is a recurring theme in both science and popular literature, where it conjures images of creeping slime creatures with malevolent intentions, or super-cute designer pets. At the same time, the question arises: What role should artificial life play in our environment here on Earth, where all life forms are created by nature and have their own place and purpose?
	New research may make future design of nanotechnology safer with fewer side effects A new study, published in Nature Nanotechnology, may offer a strategy that mitigates negative side effects associated with intravenous injection of nanoparticles commonly used in medicine.
	Scientists develop microplastics detection kit with AI technology A research team led by Dr. Ho Sang Jung of the Department of Nano-Bio Convergence at the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), a research institute under the Ministry of Science and ICT, in collaboration with the KOTITI Testing & Research Institute, has developed the world's first technology to rapidly and highly sensitively detect microplastics (MPs), which can cause human and genetic toxicity through environmental pollution and the food chain.
	Nanoscale rust: The future of magnets? Every motor we use needs a magnet. University of Manitoba researcher Rachel Nickel is studying how rust could make those magnets cheaper and easier to produce.
	Nobel Prize for chemistry recognizes the power of nanotechnology The 2023 Nobel Prize for chemistry isn't the first Nobel awarded for research in nanotechnology. But it is perhaps the most colorful application of the technology to be associated with the accolade.
	Laser-scribed graphene for sensors With the development of the information era, sensors capable of transmitting and detecting information have become the leading way to obtain information. Therefore, building a sensor system with a wide detection range, high sensitivity and fast response is essential.
	An important step towards a novel method for early cancer diagnosis Changes in the mechanical properties of cells are among the earliest signs of development of a cancer. Until now, one of the major obstacles to the use of mechanics in cancer diagnosis has been the lack of a standardized measurement procedure that would guarantee reproducibility and reliability of results. Thanks to European scientific cooperation involving the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, this obstacle has now been removed.

Physics news

	Researchers find a new quantum ruler to explore exotic matter A single-atom-thick sheet of carbon known as graphene has remarkable properties on its own, but things can get even more interesting when you stack up multiple sheets.
	Study shows defects spreading through diamond faster than the speed of sound Settling a half century of debate, researchers have discovered that tiny linear defects can propagate through a material faster than sound waves do.
	A new qubit platform is created atom by atom Researchers at the IBS Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS) at Ewha Womans University have accomplished a groundbreaking step forward in quantum information science. In partnership with teams from Japan, Spain, and the US, they created a novel electron-spin qubit platform, assembled atom-by-atom on a surface. This breakthrough was published in the journal Science.
	Novel organic-inorganic semiconductor generates circularly polarized light A research team under the direction of Prof. Dr. Felix Deschler at Heidelberg University's Institute for Physical Chemistry has developed a semiconductor that efficiently generates light and simultaneously gives that light a certain spin. According to the researchers, the so-called chiral perovskite material has great technological potential that can be used for applications in optoelectronics, telecommunications, and information processing.
	Discovery may enable network interface for quantum computers A team of scientists at the QOT Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, including a student from the Faculty of Physics (University of Warsaw), made a device capable of the conversion of quantum information between microwave and optical photons.
	Dragonfly eyes inspire new microlens array processing technique Industry 4.0 requires simple solutions for complex functions. Optical sensors, such as pinhole cameras, can deliver a depth of focus and reasonable resolution, but they suffer from low intensity for reliable and fast imaging. This requires a long exposure time, which sacrifices fast imaging capability and limits their real-world usage in self-driving cars.

Earth news

	Model shows how Amazonian forest degradation and monsoon circulation are interlinked A pair of concerned researchers, one a mathematician at the University of Norway, the other a climatologist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, has developed a computer model that shows linkages between forest degradation in the Amazon River basin and monsoon circulation.
	Climate intervention technologies may create winners and losers in world food supply A technology being studied to curb climate change—one that could be put in place in one or two decades if work on the technology began now—would affect food productivity in parts of Earth in dramatically different ways, benefiting some areas, and adversely affecting others, according to projections prepared by a Rutgers-led team of scientists.
	New research shows plants could worsen air pollution on a warming planet It's a simple question that sounds a little like a modest proposal: "Should we cut down all the oak trees?" asks Tom Sharkey, a University Distinguished Professor in the Plant Resilience Institute at Michigan State University.
	AI-driven earthquake forecasting shows promise in trials A new attempt to predict earthquakes with the aid of artificial intelligence has raised hopes that the technology could one day be used to limit earthquakes' impact on lives and economies. Developed by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin, the AI algorithm correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week before they happened during a seven-month trial in China.
	September sizzled to records and was so much warmer than average scientists call it 'mind-blowing' After a summer of record-smashing heat, warming somehow got even worse in September as Earth set a new mark for how far above normal temperatures were, the European climate agency reported Thursday.
	Mont Blanc shrinks by over two meters in two years Western Europe's highest mountain, Mont Blanc, has shrunk by over two meters in height over the past two years, researchers said on Thursday, measuring the Alpine peak at 4,805.59 meters (15,766.4 feet).
	Understanding the dynamics of snow cover in forests can help us predict flood risks For more than six months a year, Quebec's boreal forest is covered in a thick blanket of snow. While this is essential for the balance of our ecosystems, for the people living downstream from forested watersheds the snow can be like a sword of Damocles hanging over their heads.
	Chinese scientists are combating a glacier's melting by covering it with a blanket One of China's most-visited glaciers in the Tibetan region, the Dagu Glacier, is now covered with white sheets, also known as geotextiles, in an attempt to slow its melting. Scientists at Nanjing University are leading the effort, and in July installed a white reflective material over 400 square meters of the glacier, located in Sichuan province in southwestern China.
	'Roving sentinels' discover new air pollution sources In 2019, University of Utah atmospheric scientists, the Environmental Defense Fund and other partners added a new tool to their quiver of air quality monitors—two Google Street View cars, Salt Lake Valley's roving sentinels that would detect hyper-local air pollution hotspots.
	1 dead, more than 300 injured as Typhoon Koinu sweeps parts of Taiwan Typhoon Koinu swept southern Taiwan on Thursday, killing one person and injuring more than 300 as it brought pounding rain and record-breaking winds to the island, leading to school and office closures.
	Japan lifts a tsunami advisory issued after an earthquake hit near its outlying islands Japan issued a tsunami advisory Thursday after a strong earthquake struck near its outlying islands in the Pacific Ocean, but lifted it about two hours later. No damage was reported.
	At least 10 dead, 102 missing in India glacial lake burst Indian rescue teams searched on Thursday for 102 people missing after a devastating flash flood triggered by a high-altitude glacial lake burst killed at least 10, officials said.
	$1B will bring more city trees, but it'll take more than seedlings to grow urban forests Over the next five years, leaders in the Emerald City will spend millions in federal dollars to green up neighborhoods that lack trees. As Seattle and the surrounding region deal with more frequent extreme heat events, residents are starting to view trees as more than a luxury.
	Q&A: Johannesburg has been hit by severe water shortages—new plan to manage the crisis isn't the answer Johannesburg and its surrounds, at the center of the industrial heartland of South Africa, have been hit by severe water cuts. Water interruptions have been happening for years, but they have been scaled up dramatically in recent weeks. The deteriorating situation recently forced the Minister of Water and Sanitation, Senzo Mchunu, to intervene. On 27 September he announced a new initiative—"water-shifting". The proposal has echoes of "load-shedding," the term used for the planned power outages which have become a common feature of life for all South Africans. Anja du Plessis, a water management expert, explains the new water initiative.

Astronomy and Space news

	Scientists discover the highest energy gamma-rays ever from a pulsar Scientists using the H.E.S.S. observatory in Namibia have detected the highest energy gamma rays ever from a dead star called a pulsar. The energy of these gamma rays clocked in at 20 tera-electronvolts, or about 10 trillion times the energy of visible light. This observation is hard to reconcile with the theory of the production of such pulsed gamma rays, as the international team reports in the journal Nature Astronomy.
	Indian astronomers investigate star-forming complex S193 Astronomers from the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad, India and elsewhere, have inspected a star-forming complex known as S193, using multiwavelength observational data. Results of the study, published Sept. 21 on the pre-print server arXiv, shed more light on the properties of this complex.
	Researchers suggest paired black holes pulled by cosmic expansion could seem to be one entity A small team of astrophysicists and mathematicians from the University of Southampton, the University of Cambridge and Institut de Ci'encies del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona has proposed that certain pairings of black holes held apart by cosmic expansion could be mistaken for a single equal-mass black hole.
	Plot thickens in the hunt for a ninth planet A pair of theoretical physicists are reporting that the same observations inspiring the hunt for a ninth planet might instead be evidence within the solar system of a modified law of gravity originally developed to understand the rotation of galaxies.
	Hubble finds bizarre explosion in unexpected place A very rare, strange burst of extraordinarily bright light in the universe just got even stranger—thanks to the eagle-eye of the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The phenomenon, called a Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transient (LFBOT), flashed onto the scene where it wasn't expected to be found, far away from any host galaxy. Only Hubble could pinpoint its location. The Hubble results suggest astronomers know even less about these objects than previously thought by ruling out some possible theories.
	Old stars don't have hot Jupiters, suggests study As we began to discover hundreds, then thousands of exoplanets, we found that there were two types of worlds unlike anything in our solar system. The first are super-Earths. These worlds straddle the line between large rocky worlds like Earth and small gas planets like Neptune. The second are hot Jupiters. Large gas giants that orbit their star in a matter of days.
	Gravitational distortion of time helps tell modified gravity apart from a dark force With his theory of General Relativity in 1915, Albert Einstein revolutionized how we think about our universe. Rather than the cosmos simply providing the room for the planets and stars to orbit each other, space and time themselves were now dynamical entities in one ever-evolving play with matter and light.
	Hubble captures intermediate spiral galaxy NGC 6951 Bright blue spiral arms twist around the bright-white center of this starry galaxy. This new NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features NGC 6951, an intermediate spiral galaxy 78 million light-years away in the Cepheus constellation.
	6 things to know about NASA's asteroid-exploring Psyche mission The first-ever mission to study a metal-rich asteroid, Psyche aims to help scientists learn more about the formation of rocky bodies in our solar system.
	Big Earth imager to be tested on small Vega CubeSat A briefcase-sized CubeSat being flown on Europe's next Vega launcher this week will gather 340 km wide views of Earth's vegetation growth, employing a spectral imager originally designed for ESA's decade-in-flight Proba-V.
	Ozone hole grows large again Measurements from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite show that this year's ozone hole over Antarctica is one of the biggest on record. The hole, which is what scientists call an "ozone depleting area," reached a size of 26 million sq km on 16 September 2023. This is roughly three times the size of Brazil.
	Small-scale magnetism leads to large-scale solar atmosphere Thanks to close-up images of the sun obtained during Solar Orbiter's perihelion passage of October 2022, solar physicists have seen how fleeting magnetic fields at the solar surface build up into the solar atmosphere.
	Hubble captures starry Cetus constellation galaxy New and old stars alike twinkle in the dusty spiral arms of NGC 1087. Located 80 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus, NGC 1087 is a barred spiral galaxy. It has a diameter of 87,000 light-years and a very small nucleus, or center.

Technology news

	AI approach yields 'athletically intelligent' robotic dog Someday, when quakes, fires, and floods strike, the first responders might be packs of robotic rescue dogs rushing in to help stranded souls. These battery-powered quadrupeds would use computer vision to size up obstacles and employ doglike agility skills to get past them.
	Mitigating electrode-level heterogeneity using phosphorus nanolayers on graphite for fast-charging batteries In a major stride toward achieving fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with reliable cyclability, researchers at UNIST have made a groundbreaking discovery. Their study, published in ACS Energy Letters, introduces a novel strategy of utilizing phosphorus nanolayers to enhance the lithiation kinetics and performance of graphite-based composites, without compromising safety.
	Bio-inspired battery design: Research uses electrolyte methylation to improve flexible sodium-ion batteries Flexible aqueous batteries, such as those used in portable electronics, often contain a hydrogel electrolyte containing water and salt. Using a chemical modification inspired by nature, a team of Chinese researchers have now significantly increased the salt stability of hydrogels used in sodium-ion batteries. A simple methylation of the hydrogel's structural polymer prevented salting-out and improved battery capacity and cycling performance, the team report in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
	Superconducting niobium waveguide achieves high-precision communications for B5G/6G networks A team of researchers has made a breakthrough discovery in the world of Beyond 5G/6G (B5G/6G) signal transmission. Taku Nakajima and Kazuji Suzuki of Nagoya University in Japan, along with their collaborators, created a waveguide made of niobium that speeds up the transition of B5G/6G signals. The researchers published their findings in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
	Green hydrogen could reach economic viability through the co-production of valuable chemicals It already works: there are several approaches to using solar energy to split water and produce hydrogen. Unfortunately, this "green" hydrogen has so far been more expensive than "gray" hydrogen from natural gas.
	New technique based on 18th-century mathematics shows simpler AI models don't need deep learning Researchers from the University of Jyväskylä were able to simplify the most popular technique of artificial intelligence, deep learning, using 18th-century mathematics. They also found that classical training algorithms that date back 50 years work better than the more recently popular techniques. Their simpler approach advances green IT and is easier to use and understand.
	Researchers train AI with reinforcement learning to defeat champion Street Fighter players Researchers from the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) have successfully applied reinforcement learning to a video game problem. The research team created a new complicated movement design software based on an approach that has proven effective in board games like Chess and Go. In a single testing, the movements from the new approach appeared to be superior to those of top human players.
	New energy-storing material could also be used to build electronic gadgets Picture a smartphone clad in a casing that's not just for protection but also doubles as a reservoir of electricity, or an electric car where the doors and floorboard store energy to propel it forward. Such technologies may one day be a reality, thanks to recent work by engineers at the University of California San Diego.
	Musk's X strips headlines from news links Elon Musk's social media platform X has stripped headlines from news articles shared by users, in a move likely to further worsen relations with media groups.
	Hyundai, Kia electric vehicles to use Tesla's NACS charging ports starting next year Hyundai and Kia say that they're adopting North American Charging Standard ports for their electric vehicles in the U.S. and Canada, which will give the vehicles access to thousands of Tesla Superchargers across the two countries and Mexico.
	Tricky tangles: Robots learn to navigate vine-like vegetation Robots are often found in very controlled, indoor environments because, unlike in a natural environment, there are no tripping hazards to overcome. However, in order to perform important tasks like environmental monitoring or search and rescue, robots must be able to navigate through branches and vines without getting tied up.
	Should you charge your phone overnight? Will 'overcharging' make it explode? Common battery myths debunked In the world of lithium-ion batteries, smartphones take center stage. Yet they've also sparked an ongoing debate: does prolonged (or overnight) charging wreak havoc on your battery?
	HVAC algorithm can provide thermal comfort for building occupants, with a smaller carbon footprint As organizations work to reduce their energy consumption and associated carbon emissions, one area that remains to be optimized is indoor heating and cooling. In fact, HVAC—which stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning—represents, on average, about 40% of a building's total energy use. Methods that conserve electricity while still providing a comfortable indoor environment for workers could make a significant difference in the fight against climate change.
	European companies sold spyware to despots: media European companies sold powerful spyware to authoritarian regimes which have used it against dissenters, a group of investigative media said Thursday.
	Despite layoffs, Epic Games CEO still believes in the metaverse. But should he? Epic Games CEO Tim Sweeney imagines the future of his Cary, North Carolina-based company will exist in the metaverse.
	Researchers develop AI solutions for inclusion of Arabic and its dialects in Natural Language Processing A group of researchers and engineers from the University of Sharjah have developed a deep learning system to utilize the Arabic language and its varieties in applications related to Natural Language Processing (NLP), an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence.
	Researchers develop a PEMFC battery configuration that is 10% more efficient A team at the Department of Energy Engineering of the University of Seville have carried out experimental research focusing on the dynamic behavior of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell battery (PEMFC) for different reagent input/output configurations. Their results, published in the journal Energy, show that the most effective configuration can obtain up to 10% more than other options.
	Why Lego's abandoned plan to use recycled plastic bottles is a wake-up call for supply chain sustainability Lego, the world's largest toy manufacturer, has built a reputation not only for the durability of its bricks, designed to last for decades, but also for its substantial investment in sustainability. The company has pledged US$1.4 billion to reduce carbon emissions by 2025, despite netting annual profits of just over $2 billion in 2022.
	Q&A: Anthropologist discusses why we are so tempted to treat AI as 'god-like' As artificial intelligence apps such as ChatGPT have proliferated, so have chatbots with a religious bent. People facing a moral or ethical dilemma can submit their questions to these chatbots, which then provide an answer based on the religious texts fed to them or crowd-sourced data.
	A cellulose-based thickener to reduce environmental risks of liquefied stabilized soil In many regions across the globe, rapid economic growth has increased the industrial waste generated from construction sites. The environmentally responsible disposal of this waste is a challenge. However, governments are now enacting stricter laws to prevent waste generation and ensure proper disposal of such waste.
	Nonprofit service provider Blackbaud settles data breach case for $49.5M with states The fundraising software company Blackbaud agreed Thursday to pay $49.5 million to settle claims brought by the attorneys general of all 50 states related to a 2020 data breach that exposed sensitive information from 13,000 nonprofits.
	Fukushima nuclear plant starts 2nd release of treated radioactive wastewater into the sea Japan's wrecked Fukushima nuclear power plant said it began releasing a second batch of treated radioactive wastewater into the sea on Thursday after the first round of discharges ended smoothly.
	Disgraced crypto king pleads 'good faith' in US fraud trial Two visions of Sam Bankman-Fried, the disgraced crypto king, clashed in a New York courtroom on Wednesday in the opening arguments of his blockbuster trial for fraud.
	AT&T and Gallaudet University unveil a football helmet for deaf and hard of hearing quarterbacks AT&T and Gallaudet University have developed a football helmet for players who are deaf or hard of hearing and communicate using American Sign Language.
	Media entrepreneur unites young activists with power brokers for fight to make social media safe A media entrepreneur is trying to connect young people disturbed by the impact of social media on mental health with older power players to fight for change in how tech companies do business.
	Iraqis marvel at ancient Iraq in new 'Assassin's Creed' game Iraqi gamers celebrated the release Thursday of the latest installment of the "Assassin's Creed" action-adventure saga, set in ninth century Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate.
	Vietnam EV maker VinFast reports jump in Q3 revenue Vietnamese electric vehicle maker VinFast on Thursday reported a 159 percent jump in third-quarter revenue, mainly thanks to a huge rise in vehicle sales.
	Opinion: NZ's political leaders are ignoring the mounting threats from AI, and that's putting everyone at risk As the 2023 election campaign enters its final days, there is an elephant in the room that politicians seem keen to ignore: the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and what it will mean for New Zealand's economy, politics and society.
	Stop digital criminals with basic cyber hygiene practices, says expert Amid an escalating global cybercrime bill—now estimated at US$8 trillion a year—cybersecurity experts are calling for a new, more transparent, and collective approach to address cyberattacks.

Chemistry news

	Discovery made about Fischer–Tropsch process could help improve fuel production A fundamental discovery about the Fischer–Tropsch process, a catalytic reaction used in industry to convert coal, natural gas or biomass to liquid fuels, could someday allow for more efficient fuel production.
	New process 3D prints glass microstructures at low temperature with fast curing Using ultraviolet light instead of extremely high temperatures, a team of Georgia Tech researchers has developed a new approach for 3D printing small glass lenses and other structures that would be useful for medical devices and research applications.
	Renewable energy through photo-electrochemistry Photo-electrochemistry (PEC) holds the potential to convert renewable energy such as solar light into useful green fuels. However, most known PEC materials suffer from instability issues, which are difficult to track and cause a decrease in their performance under continuous operation.
	Successful morphing of inorganic perovskites without damaging their functional properties A research team co-led by scholars from City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has successfully morphed all-inorganic perovskites at room temperature without compromising their functional properties. Their findings demonstrate the potential of this class of semiconductors for manufacturing next-generation deformable electronics and energy systems in the future.
	Precise genome engineering and protein activity profiling uncover new cancer drug targets Searching for new ways to block the growth of cancer cells is like looking for a needle in a haystack. Tumor cells rely on thousands of proteins to function, but only a few of those proteins can be precisely targeted by drugs to treat cancer safely and effectively. Now, a team at Scripps Research and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT has spearheaded a new method to home in on new drug targets most likely to impact multiple cancers.
	Chemists obtain derivatives of the natural polymer chitosan, which outpace existing antibiotics RUDN University chemists and colleagues from Belarus obtained derivatives of the natural polymer chitosan, which exceeded existing antibiotics in antibacterial activity. Moreover, the new substances are non-toxic, and the production method is safe. The results were published in Polymers.
	How a disgruntled scientist looking to prove his food wasn't fresh discovered radioactive tracers and won a Nobel Prize Each October, the Nobel Prizes celebrate a handful of groundbreaking scientific achievements. And while many of the awarded discoveries revolutionize the field of science, some originate in unconventional places. For George de Hevesy, the 1943 Nobel Laureate in chemistry who discovered radioactive tracers, that place was a boarding house cafeteria in Manchester, U.K., in 1911.
	Chemists make antibacterial films more effective with iron RUDN University chemists have improved the effectiveness of antibacterial chitosan films used in medicine and the food industry, by adding iron and a new chitin derivative to chitin nanoparticles. The results were published in the journal BioTech.

Biology news

	Scientists unlock the secrets of a sixth basic flavor Japanese scientist Kikunae Ikeda first proposed umami as a basic taste—in addition to sweet, sour, salty and bitter—in the early 1900s. About eight decades later, the scientific community officially agreed with him.
	Bumble bees drop to shake off Asian hornets Bumble bees have a remarkably successful method for fighting off Asian hornets, new research shows.
	Shining a light on tiny, solar-powered animals Animals and plants need energy. Some animals get energy by eating other animals, and many plants harvest the energy in sunlight through photosynthesis. However, in the ocean, there exists a remarkable group of small, worm-like animals called acoels that do both; some acoels form relationships (symbiosis) with single-celled, photosynthetic microalgae.
	New species of tiny wasp comes with mysterious, cloud-like structures at ends of antennae Fossil researchers have discovered a novel genus and species of tiny wasp with a mysterious, bulbous structure at the end of each antenna.
	New discovery may 'unlock' the future of infectious disease and cancer treatment Researchers have identified a "guard mechanism" for a protein which attacks microbes in infected cells, opening the possibility of new treatments for toxoplasma, chlamydia, tuberculosis and even cancer.
	The end of genes: Routine test reveals unique divergence in genetic code Scientists testing a new method of sequencing single cells have unexpectedly changed our understanding of the rules of genetics.
	Survival of the newest: The mammals that survive mass extinctions aren't as 'boring' as scientists thought When an asteroid hit the Earth 66 million years ago, it set off a devastating mass extinction. The dinosaurs (except for a few birds) all died out, along with lots of the mammals. But some small mammals survived, laying the groundwork for all the mammals alive today.
	Fear of human 'super predator' pervades the South African savanna Research published October 5 in the journal Current Biology finds that mammals living in South Africa's Greater Kruger National Park, home to one of the world's largest remaining lion populations, are far more afraid of hearing human voices than lion vocalizations or hunting sounds such as dogs barking or gunshots.
	Chemists create sensors to track potassium and sodium in cell organelles Two studies by scientists at the University of Chicago have demonstrated a new way to look into the inner workings of cells—in particular, to track the flow of ions inside the many tiny organelles inside the cell.
	Using artificial intelligence, scientists develop self-driving microscopy technique As anyone who has ever skimmed a book or magazine can tell you, sometimes you don't have to read every word to grasp the essence. Inspired by this notion, scientists are harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to enable a form of "speed reading" in microscopy. This could revolutionize the way researchers acquire data and allow them to preserve the integrity of precious samples.
	Non-native plants migrate north as climate change advances, study finds As climate change progresses, the chance of southern plant species spreading to northern regions increases. In Europe and America, many of the alien plant species come from their own continent. They usually originate in warmer regions closer to the equator—a phenomenon that could be exacerbated by climate change.
	Feather-tailed possums in New Guinea were originally Aussies, according to fossil study Analysis of Riversleigh fossils has revealed fascinating new facts about a tiny possum's ancestors. Scientists have long known that the miniature feather-tailed possums in Australia and the island of New Guinea—members of the marsupial family Acrobatidae—were evolutionary cousins, but where they started their long evolutionary journey has been a bit of a mystery—until now.
	Natural genetically modified crops: Grasses take evolutionary shortcut by borrowing genes from their neighbors Grass may transfer genes from their neighbors in the same way genetically modified crops are made, a new study has revealed.
	New microscopy method can help put sharper focus on plankton samples A new method developed by EMBL scientists can help us identify and investigate plankton species in field samples with greater speed, accuracy, and resolution than ever possible before.
	New research into pangolin genomics may aid in conservation efforts A new paper in Molecular Biology and Evolution provides, for the first time, a comprehensive set of genomic resources for pangolins (sometimes known as scaly anteaters) that researchers believe will be integral for protecting these threatened mammals.
	Little-known beaked whale found in cold waters off Hokkaido Cetaceans are the best-known fully aquatic animals, including whales, dolphins and porpoises. The group includes more than 90 existing species, divided into baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti). Toothed whales are so named because all species in this family possess teeth. Among them, the distribution and ecology of genus Mesoplodon are little known, because they typically live offshore in the ocean and rarely surface.
	Scientist adds cryo-ET and biosensors to fluorescence microscopy to image proteins within cells Tinkerer though he is, Peter Dahlberg did not spend the last few years tearing apart a $1.5 million microscope just for fun.
	TikTok may help farmers cultivate empathy around climate change Farmers are used to growing crops and producing other goods, but a new study led by Penn State researchers suggests the social media platform TikTok may help them cultivate something new: empathy around the issue of climate change.
	New research to improve production of high oleic sunflower oil Researchers from Skoltech, Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, OilGene—a startup launched in Skoltech—and other organizations have found new markers that will accelerate the breeding of high oleic sunflowers and improve the production of healthy oil with high oleic acid content. The study is published in PLOS ONE.
	It wasn't just a tree: Why it feels so bad to lose the iconic Sycamore Gap tree and others like it The famous Sycamore Gap tree was felled last week, prompting global expressions of sorrow, anger and horror. For some, the reaction was puzzling. Wasn't it just a single tree in northern England? But for many, the tree felt profoundly important. Its loss felt like a form of grief.
	Researchers propose radical change in how animal facial expressions are defined and studied Researchers have developed a new method to analyze facial expressions, as part of efforts to better understand animal communication.
	Lion protection fee paid by tourists could help stop trophy hunting, says South African study Trophy hunting is contentious. It typically involves paying for and pursuing a specific wild animal, often a large or iconic species, with the goal of killing it to obtain a trophy, such as the animal's head, horns, or hide.
	Lynxes and vultures offer insights for European wildlife conservation EU research is providing the most far-reaching analysis of efforts to boost wild-cat populations and aiding scavengers that help balance the ecosystem.
	Digitizing UK natural history collections is vital to understand life on Earth, says report A new report, published in Zenodo, has evaluated the use and impact of digitized natural science collections held in the UK and how they contribute to scientific, commercial and societal benefits.
	Study shows limestone can serve as a repository of microbial genetic information about the deep biosphere Most of the Earth's microbial biomass is hidden in the subsurface. According to estimates, microorganisms can be found at depth of up to five kilometers below the continental surface. Here they also colonize solid rock. Since this deep biosphere is difficult to access, researchers know little about the composition and role of these microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles.
	Agronomists find microbes to protect tomatoes from dangerous fungus RUDN University agronomists and colleagues from Tunisia have discovered a way to stop the spread of a phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. It affects crops, especially tomatoes. The Trichoderma fungus and the Pseudomonas bacterium can protect the crop from this pathogen. The results have been published in the journal Agronomy.
	Biologist improves carp growth with lactic acid A RUDN University biologist and colleagues from Iran found that adding lactic acid to carp feed improves the growth and health of the fish. The authors selected the optimal concentration of the feed additive. It will help improve the quality of fish products. The results were published in the journal Animals.
	Bewick's swans choose wintering areas based on the weather, shows long-term GPS data study Bewick's swans fly less far during their autumn migration when the weather is warm. Climate change has therefore led to a shift in their common wintering areas. Now, for the first time, bird researchers from the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) have been able to use long-term GPS data to pinpoint the specific choices that individual swans make. The results of their research were published today, Oct. 5, in the journal Global Change Biology.
	Salmon are spawning in Arctic rivers, researchers confirm Researchers have confirmed that salmon are spawning in an Arctic Ocean watershed, suggesting that at least some salmon species could be expanding to new territory as climate change reshapes their habitat.
	Consistent metabolism may prove costly for insects in saltier water Increased salinity usually spells trouble for freshwater insects like mayflies. A new study from North Carolina State University finds that the lack of metabolic responses to salinity may explain why some freshwater insects often struggle in higher salinity, while other freshwater invertebrates (like mollusks and crustaceans) thrive. Salinity in this case refers to the concentrations of all the salts in an aquatic environment, not just sodium.
	Rare US bison roundup rustles up hundreds to maintain health of the species South Dakota cowboys and cowgirls rounded up a herd of more than 1,500 bison Friday as part of an annual effort to maintain the health of the species, which has rebounded from near-extinction.
	UK government urged to tackle 'killer' XL bully dogs The UK government is facing calls to crack down on the backyard breeders of XL bully dogs, and even to cull the breed, following a string of horrifying attacks.
	Foxes in Massachusetts caught and injured in illegal animal traps, police are investigating Police are trying to find out who has been setting illegal animal traps, which recently caught and injured foxes in the Boston-area.
	Researchers say that disinfectants can promote antibiotic resistance According to figures published by the journal Nature, 73% of the world's antibiotics are used in the production of domestic animals. They are used primarily for preventive purposes because these animals are kept in confined and unhygienic conditions, but are also administered to promote growth.
	Meet the next alien invaders to threaten nature and economies in Scotland Raccoons, muntjac deer, plants that cause flooding, and mussels that clog up water pipes are among the new problem species that are likely to arrive in Scotland over the next decade and pose a serious threat to nature or people.

Medicine and Health news

	Mice experiments show early life adversity mental problems can be passed down three generations A combined team of psychiatrists and brain researchers from the University of Toronto and Québec Mental Health Institute in the Canada, working with a colleague from the National Research Council's Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, in Italy, has found that neurological problems associated with early life adversity (ELA) can be passed down at least three generations in mice.
	Software can detect hidden and complex emotions in parents Researchers have conducted trials using a software capable of detecting intricate details of emotions that remain hidden to the human eye.
	New study reveals how biological sex influences brain proteins and disease risk An Emory led study published in Nature Medicine and Synapse sheds light on how biological sex influences brain function and its impact on the risk of various brain-related diseases. For decades, it has been observed that many psychiatric and neurological conditions exhibit different prevalence rates between males and females. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive these differences have remained largely unknown.
	Possible markers identified for early metastatic lung cancer Researchers at Mays Cancer Center at The University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio) have identified protein markers that could signal for early development of metastatic lung cancer, providing possibilities for a new treatment.
	Vaccine via the nasal passage could be the new line of defense against Strep A As Streptococcus A cases continue to be prevalent in Queensland and internationally, a new nasal vaccine could provide long-term protection from the deadly bacteria.
	Human vascular organoids reveal clues for a potential COVID treatment When the new SARS-CoV-2 virus began killing thousands of people every week, physicians and scientists around the globe raced to learn why the new pathogen was so deadly. Among many early findings, experts noted that the infection played havoc with blood circulation, both inflaming the linings of blood vessels and making the blood itself more likely to form dangerous clots.
	Vulnerability to different COVID-19 mutations depends on previous infections and vaccination, study suggests A person's immune response to variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, depends on their previous exposure—and differences in the focus of immune responses will help scientists understand how to optimize vaccines in the future to provide broad protection.
	Study in mice shows brain is 'rewired' during pregnancy to prepare for motherhood Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have shown that pregnancy hormones "rewire" the brain to prepare mice for motherhood.
	Study shows prior exposure to common virus shields against birth defects and miscarriage Researchers at Tulane University have shown for the first time that mothers are much less likely to transmit a common virus known to cause miscarriages and birth defects if they are exposed to the virus prior to becoming pregnant. The study marks a significant step toward the development of a vaccine that could protect mothers and their babies.
	Novel procedure reduces the risk of mitochondrial disease transmission during assisted reproduction A finer glass tube and a more exacting technique with a refined procedure can reduce the likelihood of transmitting mitochondrial disease during assisted reproduction, according to a study published October 5 in the open access journal PLOS Biology by Qifeng Lyu and colleagues of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China. The study may improve the odds of having a healthy baby for women who carry mutations in their mitochondrial DNA.
	New research sheds light on genetics of placenta growth and link to preeclampsia New research has shed light on how genetics influences the growth of the placenta, revealing a link to risk of disease in the mother.
	Study links popular weight-loss drugs to stomach paralysis, other serious gastrointestinal conditions They're being hailed as an effective way to lose weight, but diabetes drugs like Ozempic may come with a heightened risk of severe gastrointestinal problems.
	Classical symphonies may lead to synchronized physical responses Movement and some physical responses—including heart rate, breathing rate, and the electrical conductivity of skin (suggesting excitement)—may synchronize between audience members at classical concerts, suggests a study of 132 people published in Scientific Reports. Individuals rated more highly for personality traits such as agreeableness or openness were more likely to synchronize with other audience members.
	New method makes it easier to research pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer. This is largely due to the cancer being detected at a late stage. In addition, treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited.
	New insights into the prognostic power of gene expression signatures in breast cancer When a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer, the difficult question arises as to which type of treatment is the right one. Gene expression testing is one of the methods used by doctors to help make a prognosis about the course of the disease and, based on this, to select a suitable therapy. However, the reliability of these tests has not been fully established.
	Gene therapy opens new possibilities for treating chronic pain Researchers from the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences at the University of Oxford, along with colleagues at Cambridge University and Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, have shown the potential of a new gene therapy approach to silence human sensory neurons (nerve cells) as a means of treating persistent pain. Many current drugs for chronic pain are highly addictive, which makes it important to discover new alternatives.
	Scientists discover neurons that act as brain 'glue' to recall memories Scientists have discovered new insights into how our brain stores episodic memories—a type of long-term, conscious memory of a previous experience—that could be critical to the development of new neuroprosthetic devices to help patients with memory problems, like Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
	Strengthening routine care in African hospitals significantly reduces HIV-linked meningitis deaths A research project studying how best to implement "back to basics" clinical and laboratory care in public hospitals in three African countries has halved the number of deaths from HIV-linked meningitis. The results are reported in The Lancet HIV.
	Researchers develop new open-source method to improve decoding of single-cell data Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) have developed a new open-source computational method, dubbed Spectra, which improves the analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data.
	Awe-inspiring science can have a positive effect on mental well-being, research finds Research led by psychologists at the University of Warwick has revealed a profound connection between the spirituality of science and positive well-being, much like the benefits traditionally associated with religion.
	Study: How nutrients are used reprograms immune cells with implications for infection and cancer A new study spearheaded by the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Medicine lab has unveiled a previously unrecognized role for an essential nutrient in shaping the cellular landscape for one of the body's first lines of defense against infection, immune cells called macrophages.
	Precise gene editing in human stem cells and neurons reveals links between genome organization and autism Researchers have used CRISPR gene editing, stem cells and human neurons to study the impact of a gene that is commonly mutated in autism. This new study, published today in The American Journal of Human Genetics, ties mutations in the gene CHD8 with a broad spectrum of molecular and cellular defects in human cortical neurons.
	Cellular atlas of amygdala reveals new treatment target for cocaine addiction Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have created a unique, cell-by-cell atlas of the amygdala, a small structure deep within the brain that plays a crucial role in controlling emotional responses to drugs. The findings, published in Nature Neuroscience, helped the researchers identify a potential new treatment for cocaine addiction, a disease that is poorly understood at the molecular level and has virtually no approved pharmacological treatments.
	New findings pave the way for hearing loss therapies As we age, many of us will eventually need hearing aids. In some cases, the reason for this may be a signaling pathway that controls auditory sensory cell function and is downregulated with age. Researchers at the University of Basel are uncovering clues.
	Study maps brain wave disruptions affecting memory recall The brain circuitry that is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease appears to influence memory through a type of brain wave known as theta oscillation, a team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers report. The findings, published in Nature Communications, could help researchers design and evaluate new treatments for Alzheimer's, a condition that affects millions of people around the globe and has no cure.
	Can masculine marketing convince more men to eat vegan? Eating more plant-based meals is better for our health and better for the planet. But cultural preferences are significant barriers to reducing meat consumption—especially for men, who are underrepresented among vegans and vegetarians. Studies have found that eating meat is associated with masculinity, and that gender stereotypes label plant-based diets as suitable for women but not men. So is it possible to change the perception of plant-based food with marketing, and convince men to eat more of it?
	Study shows enhanced pandemic infection prevention, control practices reduced health care-associated infections A new study conducted by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center suggests that enhanced infection prevention and control (IPC) measures implemented to address the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a significant decrease in many health care-associated infections (HAIs) and a reduction in respiratory viral infections (RVIs).
	Ex-football players with medical and mental health conditions at higher odds of receiving premature CTE diagnosis Former professional American football players who have medical and mental health conditions including depression, anxiety or sleep apnea are more likely to receive an unverified diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, compared to those without those conditions, report researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Harvard University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Sports Medicine today.
	New study reveals Australian long COVID response lagging New research by RMIT University and Northern Health has examined Australia's long COVID services, guidelines and public health information, compared with international standards.
	'Boarding' patients for days, weeks in crowded ERs is common now When Hannah, a California marketing professional, showed up at her local emergency room in March 2023 for a pregnancy-related complication, she wasn't prepared for what happened next.
	Hybrid closed-loop technology improves maternal glucose levels for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: Clinical trial For pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, a technology giving insulin doses, as informed by a smartphone algorithm, helps them better manage their blood sugars compared with traditional insulin pumps or multiple daily injections, according to a new randomized trial published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) and presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) meeting in Hamburg (2–6 October).
	Dyslexia could be linked to mixed-handedness Researchers from the University of St Andrews have collaborated with a multinational team of researchers from Greece, the Netherlands, Germany, and the UK to explore the intriguing connection between hand preference and dyslexia.
	Caffeine intake interacts with Asian gene variants in Parkinson's disease, may lower risk People with Asian gene variants that are linked to PD and who regularly drink tea or coffee containing caffeine have a four to eight times lower risk of getting the condition compared to non-caffeine drinkers who carry the PD genes, according to new research by the National Neuroscience Institute. In fact, tea and coffee drinkers who carry the PD gene lower their risk of PD to below that of non-caffeine drinkers who do not carry the gene.
	Stimulating brain with gentle sounds during deep sleep significantly enhances cardiac function, new study finds Sleep is a vital aspect of human life, with deep sleep being particularly crucial for overall health. The brain recovers during this sleep stage, and the rest of the body seems to regenerate then as well.
	Lifestyle programs to prevent type 2 diabetes not meeting needs of many people with pre-diabetes A substantial proportion of people with pre-diabetes are unlikely to respond to standard lifestyle programs used globally to prevent type 2 diabetes, according to new research by a consortium of researchers from the U.S., U.K. and India, along with the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute.
	How AI could transform the future of the psychology profession Psychologists are discovering the benefits of emerging artificial intelligence (AI) applications for mental health—and the ethical considerations that they present.
	Fiber boost could combat 'chemo brain' drain Brain inflammation is a common side effect of ongoing chemotherapy and a catalyst for a range of debilitating physical and psychological symptoms for which there's no solution.
	Discovery of mechanism involved in dental inflammation paves way to therapies against bone loss By means of experiments in mice, researchers have made discoveries about the mechanisms involved in dental pulp inflammation and root apex damage that pave the way for a search for medications that can be used to inhibit the bone loss due to endodontic infection (in dental pulp, the soft tissue inside teeth).
	The case for continuing to write by hand At the beginning of 1882, the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche received a machine called the "Malling-Hansen Writing Ball," a nifty little gadget covered with keys. The thinker's eyesight had been getting worse, to the point where he could no longer write by hand. In March of the same year he was able to continue writing thanks to this new instrument.
	New malaria vaccine: No silver bullet but an important step towards eradication In what was very big news for global health, this week the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a new vaccine for the prevention of malaria in children, called R21/Matrix-M.
	Suicide rates jumped after extreme drought in the Murray-Darling Basin, researchers find The impact on mental health of weather extremes such as drought is a growing concern due to climate change.
	Insomnia may be an early risk factor for irregular heart rhythm Younger adults diagnosed with insomnia were more likely to develop a type of irregular heartbeat—and to do so earlier—than those without a history of insomnia, according to a large study of military veterans. The findings suggest difficulty falling or staying asleep may be an early risk factor for atrial fibrillation, or AFib.
	Study highlights use of TikTok to encourage cervical cancer screening TikTok and other short-form video platforms are booming in popularity—for entertainment and for sharing information, including health information.
	Research sparks call for greater transparency over where tobacco companies operate For the first time ever, researchers have attempted to map the supply chain of cigarettes, from farm to factory, in a new study published in the journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.
	Can museums help seniors stay fit? It seems self-evident: Seniors who go to a museum and take art classes are more active than seniors who don't.
	Factors linked to racial disparities in chronic pain after injury Chronic pain is a top cause of disability in the United States, with the costs of medical care and lost productivity exceeding $500 billion, according to an Institute of Medicine report. Many people who suffer an acute traumatic injury—such as from a car crash or violence—continue to experience pain in the year after injury.
	Research reveals striking inequalities in NHS heart care Stark inequalities in diagnosis and treatment of four of the most common heart conditions in the UK have been revealed in new research.
	Female chess players may experience gender bias from parents, mentors Young female chess players often face gender bias both in the male-dominated chess world and among parents and mentors who believe girls have less potential to succeed in chess than boys, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.
	Advanced assistive technology for predicting organ deformation during radiotherapy using image information Radiation therapy, employed for treating cancer and other ailments, is distinctive for its minimally invasive nature, facilitating outpatient treatment and a fast return to society. However, a notable challenge arises due to the potential impact of radiation on the adjacent healthy organs, especially while applying high radiation doses to diseased tissues that are in motion. Regular movements such as breathing can be easily predicted; however, irregular movements initiated by contact with the surrounding organs are difficult to predict.
	Many people who think they are allergic to penicillin aren't, says researcher About 6% of people in the UK are wrongly labeled on their medical records as being allergic to penicillin, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society has warned.
	Q&A: Foods to help maximize your memory Dear Mayo Clinic: I enjoy cooking, but I prefer to work with the freshest ingredients. As such, I grow my own fruits and vegetables in a small garden and purchase other fresh produce from a local farmers market. I've read that certain foods may help with memory function. Are there foods I can eat to help boost my cognitive health?
	Nonvisualization of the endolymphatic duct, sac common in Meniere disease Nonvisualization of the endolymphatic duct (ED) and sac (ES) system is significantly associated with Meniere disease (MD), according to a study published online Aug. 31 in Frontiers in Neurology.
	Study shows advanced stage cancer patients value quality of life up to three times more than survival A joint study between King's College London, Monash University Malaysia and Hospis Malaysia has delved into the intricate interplay between the quality of life (QoL) and survival preferences of advanced cancer patients by quantifying patients' preferences for QoL outcomes against survival.
	Scientists have nearly eradicated dengue fever cases in North Queensland Scientists say the release of mosquitoes containing the Wolbachia bacteria has practically eliminated dengue fever cases in North Queensland.
	Sarilumab beneficial for polymyalgia rheumatica patients For patients with polymyalgia rheumatica with relapse during tapering of glucocorticoid therapy, treatment with sarilumab, the human monoclonal antibody that binds to the interleukin-6 receptor α, is efficacious for achieving sustained remission and reducing cumulative glucocorticoid dose, according to a study published in the Oct. 5 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Pediatric case fatality rates increased from 2011 to 2021 Pediatric case fatality rates have increased over the past decade, driven by a reduction in nonfatal injuries and increasing fatal injuries, according to a research brief published online Oct. 5 in Pediatrics.
	70 million 'Slime Licker' candies recalled due to choking risk Candy Dynamics Inc. said Thursday it is recalling 70 million of its candies because they can pose a choking hazard.
	Fungal toxin triggers traps: Revealing the clever defense of white blood cells Researchers from Umeå University have unveiled how the most common white blood cells, neutrophils, counter Candida albicanstoxin and stop it in its tracks. Their results have been published in EMBO Reports.
	The 'Zoom effect' and the possible link between video chatting and appearance dissatisfaction The COVID-19 pandemic ushered in a new era of digital connection: In the absence of in-person gatherings, many people instead found themselves face-to-face with their co-workers and loved ones on a screen.
	2 in 5 US babies benefit from the WIC nutrition program, says researcher A monthly average of more than 6 million U.S. women, infants and young children received benefits in 2022 from the nutrition program known as WIC.
	Creating an iPS cell resource for rare and intractable diseases A team of researchers led by Professor Megumu K. Saito have undertaken a massive effort to build an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell resource for rare diseases, enabling research and development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments for 139 designated intractable diseases.
	New insights from studying keloid scars could provide novel treatments for fibrosis New research, published in Matrix Biology, has revealed a potential therapeutic target within keloid cells, which could provide new treatments for a range of skin diseases and fibrosis, including keloid scars.
	Mobile positioning-based population statistics can make crisis management more effective Human and economic losses inflicted by disasters are still growing in the world in spite of technological advances. A recent case study from Estonia shows that mobile positioning data can play a key role in improving the availability of emergency assistance, reducing the risk to human life and health in crisis situations.
	Ultrasensitive blood test detects 'pan-cancer' biomarker Diagnostic tools for timely, accurate and inexpensive early cancer detection that can assess risk or monitor response to treatment could help patients get the care they need faster and improve existing care strategies. But current cancer assessment methods have limited specificity and sensitivity and can be prohibitively expensive.
	Study explores gender differences in HIV-related stigma and social support in the Dominican Republic For people living with HIV (PLHIV), an important barrier to receiving timely HIV care is the stigma associated with the disease. HIV-related stigma has been associated with lower rates of HIV testing, denial and lack of disclosure of HIV status, delays in HIV-related treatment, and poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and adherence.
	US cancer centers continue to see chemotherapy shortages: Report The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has released a follow-up survey on the ongoing chemotherapy shortages: 72% of the centers surveyed continue to experience a shortage of carboplatin and 59% are still seeing a shortage of cisplatin. Overall, 86% of centers surveyed reported experiencing a shortage of at least one type of anti-cancer drug.
	Evidence on higher rates of diabetes unclear in trans people, but data on higher rates of heart disease are clear The latest data on the metabolic problems faced by trans people are presented at a session at this year's Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (Hamburg 2–6 October). While evidence on increased or decreased rates of diabetes among trans men and women remains unclear, the evidence that they face higher rates of cardiovascular disease continues to mount. The talk is by Dr. Dorte Glintborg, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
	Psychedelics found to improve mental health, cognition in special ops veterans One treatment each of two psychedelic drugs lowered depression and anxiety and improved cognitive functioning in a sample of U.S. special operations forces veterans who sought care at a clinic in Mexico, according to a new analysis of the participants' charts.
	Low muscle mass associated with a two-fold risk of death from heart disease in people with diabetes New research being presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Hamburg, Germany (2–6 Oct) shows that low muscle mass is associated with a two-fold risk of death from cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes.
	New genetic markers may predict who will have 'miracle' improvement of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy When women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) plan to become pregnant, many anguish over whether to stop their medications, risking a flareup in their disease, or continue with medication and risk possible harm to the baby.
	Pioneering CBD for epilepsy treatment and prevention The emerging field of medical cannabinoids has experienced a breakthrough in epilepsy and seizure disorders. A team led by D. Samba Reddy, Ph.D., RPh, a Regents Professor in the Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics at the Texas A&M University School of Medicine, has made progress in determining efficacy, safety and new applications of cannabinoid therapeutics. Reddy's work establishes a foundation for tailored and effective epilepsy treatments, offering hope to those facing its challenges.
	In early trial, promising results for Moderna's combo COVID-flu vaccine Moderna Inc. announced Wednesday that it has seen positive early results with a new vaccine that would guard against four strains of flu plus COVID-19.
	Sarcopenia worsens liver transplant outcomes for patients with cirrhosis: Study Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC), according to a study published online Sept. 21 in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia, and Muscle.
	What mobile clinics in Dollar General parking lots say about health care in rural America On a hot July morning, customers at the Dollar General along a two-lane highway northwest of Nashville didn't seem to notice signs of the chain store's foray into mobile health care, particularly in rural America.
	Botox found to improve chronic nausea and vomiting in children with disorder of gut-brain interaction A study from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago demonstrated that Botulinum toxin (Botox) injected in the pylorus (sphincter where the stomach exits into the small intestine) during endoscopy improves chronic nausea and vomiting in children who have a disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). These debilitating symptoms not attributed to a defined illness have previously been called functional gastrointestinal disorders before the newer DGBI classification.
	Study shows K-pop fans helped COVID-19 public health messaging go viral Three years ago, as part of the public health messaging in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization launched the "Wear A Mask" campaign on social media.
	Researchers document how surge of cheap, flavored cigars targets young consumers As the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prepares to issue a final rule prohibiting flavored cigars, a report issued today by the Rutgers Institute for Nicotine and Tobacco Studies (INTS) and the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids documents how tobacco companies have flooded the market with cheap, flavored cigars that appeal to children and have used a variety of marketing strategies to attract young people.
	Specific factors associated with marijuana use among high-risk college students The past decade has seen a significant increase in marijuana use among U.S. college students. This increase has coincided with notable changes in national and local cannabis laws and policies, and perceptions of the associated drug's risk over the same period.
	Q&A: Nature exposure can ease ADHD symptoms As organizations bring attention to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in October for ADHD awareness month, a University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign expert says time in nature can ease symptoms of the common child- and adulthood condition.
	Study validates pyrvinium as treatment to prevent stomach cancer A study published Oct. 4 in Gastroenterology further validates that pyrvinium, a drug that has been used for decades for intestinal pinworms, can be repurposed as a preventative treatment for stomach cancer.
	Bangladesh swamped by record dengue deaths In the crowded fever ward in Bangladesh's Mugda hospital, every bed is taken, as the country struggles in the grip of its deadliest dengue outbreak.
	Team identifies UGDH as indicator of tumor progression in clinical oncology and cancer biology A new review paper titled "UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) in clinical oncology and cancer biology" has been published in Oncotarget.
	I think my teen is depressed. How can I get them help and what are the treatment options? Moody, withdrawn, down. These words are often used by parents of teens. And young people may say they feel so "depressed" about upcoming exams, or that the world is "just so depressing" these days.
	Missouri health system looks to AI to relieve burden on workers, answer patients' questions The Mercy health system plans to roll out a series of artificial intelligence-based tools in the coming months, in partnership with Microsoft.
	On a stretch of gravel road, families ravaged by cancer question nitrate Cancer ravaged Brian Bennerotte's body and those of many around him—his father, five brothers and his sister—as well as others along the gravel road where they grew up in southeast Minnesota.
	Bogus, harmful 'conversion therapy' for LGBTQ people still prevalent, study finds In the United States, "conversion therapy" for LGBTQ people has been widely condemned by major medical associations. Not only that, nearly half of the country has now banned the practice for minors.
	Cow milk vs. alternative milk: Which one's right for you? With a wide variety of dairy and nondairy milks on the market, consumers have endless options when it comes to choosing milk to quench their thirst, make their morning coffee smooth and velvety or enhance their cereal and oatmeal.
	Dehydration: It's more than being thirsty Water is essential to good health. Every cell, tissue and organ in your body needs water to work properly. Water is essential for maintaining your body temperature; lubricating and cushioning your joints; and getting rid of waste through urination, perspiration and bowel movements.
	Green social prescribing to prevent and tackle mental ill health Researchers at the University of Sheffield, Sheffield Hallam University, the University of Exeter and the University of Plymouth investigated whether prescribing nature could help prevent and tackle mental ill health.
	What's that sound? A heart murmur can be innocent or serious Lubb-dupp. Lubb-dupp. Those are the words that health care professionals often use to mimic the sound of your heartbeat. That steady, regular sound is made by your heart valves opening and closing as blood circulates through your heart.
	Grape consumption found to benefit eye health in human study of older adults In a recent randomized, controlled human study, consuming grapes for 16 weeks improved key markers of eye health in older adults. The study, published in Food & Function looked at the impact of regular consumption of grapes on macular pigment accumulation and other biomarkers of eye health. This is the first human study on this subject, and the results reinforce earlier, preliminary studies where consuming grapes was found to protect retinal structure and function.

Other Sciences news

	Oldest evidence of human cannibalism as a funerary practice The remains of human bones with cutmarks, breaks and human chewing marks found across northern Europe show that some human groups living around 15,000 years ago were eating their dead not out of necessity, but as part of their culture.
	In checking chess's gender bias, researchers find parents and mentors shortchange girls' potential "The Queen's Gambit" miniseries portrayed the life of a fictional chess prodigy, Beth Harmon, who is continuously underestimated in male-dominated competitions. A team of New York University psychology researchers has now found some "real-life" evidence of what Harmon faced as a younger player: Parents and coaches of youth chess players peg the highest potential rating of girl players to be lower than that of boy players.
	Amazon rain forest hides thousands of records of ancient Indigenous communities under its canopy, says new study The world's most diverse forest, the Amazon, may also host more than 10,000 records of pre-Columbian earthworks (constructed prior to the arrival of Europeans), according to a new study. The new study combines cutting-edge remote sensing technology with archaeological data and advanced statistical modeling to estimate how many earthworks may still be hidden beneath the canopy of the Amazon rainforest and in which locations these structures are most likely to be found.
	Further evidence points to footprints in New Mexico being the oldest sign of humans in Americas New research confirms that fossil human footprints in New Mexico are likely the oldest direct evidence of human presence in the Americas, a finding that upends what many archaeologists thought they knew about when our ancestors arrived in the New World.
	Mukbang influencer marketing and consumer engagement with food brands Ever find yourself inexplicably sucked into (another!) video of social media influencer downing a massive feast of 100 different kinds of shrimp? You can't scroll past. And before you know it, you're craving crustaceans, making reservations at that new seafood restaurant, and searching for recipes.
	New path for early human migrations through a once-lush Arabia contradicts a single 'out of Africa' origin Our species, Homo sapiens, migrated out of Africa multiple times—reaching the Levant and Arabia between 130,000 and 70,000 years ago, as exemplified by human fossils and archaeological sites found at various locations.
	Women take fewer risks because they think about losing more than men do, research suggests One difference between men and women has been well documented by economists, psychologists and biologists—that women are tend to be more cautious and take fewer risks. Evidence has also been gathered about how this difference affects women's lives, particularly with regard to careers and earnings.
	Are we dating the same guy? Online groups toe the line between protecting women and defaming men Infidelity and deception have always been part of dating and relationships. Traditionally managed privately between the parties or through legal processes, these issues have recently been co-opted by online vigilante communities that shame daters—men in particular—who behave badly.
	New study helps explain why people cooperate when no one is looking That strong urge many people feel to abide by social norms even when it is individually harmful may have its roots in Darwinian fitness, according to a new study published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.
	How Europe's authoritarian populists maintain the illusion of a free press Authoritarian leaders might be good at damaging democracy, but unless they are pure dictators they often still need to worry about winning elections. In the last few years, Europe has seen the rise of a number of authoritarian populists who rely on winning mass support among ordinary people—as opposed to just rigging the vote.
	Teachers can nurture students who care about the world: Four approaches that would help them Teachers wear many hats. They are expected to be subject matter experts, leaders, administrators, managers, lifelong learners—and not just in the classroom, but in their wider communities.
	Cocoa prices are surging: West African countries should seize the moment to negotiate a better deal for farmers The global price of cocoa is spiking, a direct response to dwindling cocoa output in west Africa. In September, cocoa futures reached a 44-year price peak due to mounting concerns over reduced supplies from the region.
	In tune: Classical concert-goers' hearts, breathing synchronize People who listen to music together often report feeling a powerful connection to each other as a result of their collective experience.
	Made in America: How Biden's climate package is fueling the global drive to net zero Just over a year since US President Joe Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) into law, it's becoming clear this strangely named piece of legislation could have a powerful impact in spurring the global transition to net zero emissions by 2050.
	Q&A: Millions of US children have mediocre reading skills. Engaged parents and a committed school curriculum can help Reading ability among U.S. students remained low in 2022, with 37% of fourth graders and 30% of eighth graders scoring below the basic proficiency levels for reading set by the National Assessment of Educational Progress.
	Climate change is a fiscal disaster for local governments: Study shows how it's testing communities in Florida Climate change is affecting communities nationwide, but Florida often seems like ground zero. In September 2022, Hurricane Ian devastated southwest Florida, killing at least 156 people and causing an estimated US$113 billion in damages. Then Hurricane Idalia shut down the Florida Panhandle in September 2023, augmented by a blue supermoon that also increased tidal flooding in southeast Florida.
	Queer characters in computer games: Greater diversity than before, but plenty of room for more There have been queer players for as long as people have been playing computer games. But this has not been reflected in the characters that appear in the games.
	Startup selection, success, and sustainability In business, established companies are facing increasing pressure to embrace sustainability. To address this challenge, many incumbents are turning to corporate venturing, a process that involves collaborating with startups to tap into innovation and explore new markets.
	How much are you willing to pay for a product or service? It depends on your other options and the given context Researchers from Concordia University and Northwestern University published a new Journal of Marketing study that presents the Comparative Method of Valuation as a more accurate way to measure customers' willingness to pay for a product or service.
	Saudi firm that grows hay in California and Arizona to lose farm leases over water issue A Saudi dairy company that grows hay in Southern California and Arizona for export to the Middle East is set to lose several leases that allow it to pump unlimited water from government-owned farmlands.
	Research offers insight into AI protections for workers As artificial intelligence takes on a larger role in monitoring employees and automating management decisions, Virginia Doellgast offers examples from Germany and Norway showing how worker representatives have been able to mobilize collective voice to protect worker privacy.
	Don't feel appreciated by your partner? Relationship interventions can help When we're married or in a long-term romantic relationship, we may eventually come to take each other for granted and forget to show appreciation. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign finds that it doesn't have to stay this way.
	Study: Tipped restaurant workers in Chicago compensated at rates below minimum wage A new study co-written by a team of University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign labor researchers assessing the state of food service and bar employment in the city of Chicago found that more than three-quarters of tipped workers surveyed were compensated at an hourly wage rate of less than the standard Chicago minimum wage but higher than the sub-minimum wage allowed for employees who rely on customer gratuity to supplement their paychecks.
	How to protect self-esteem when a career goal dies Many people fail at achieving their early career dreams. But a new study suggests that those failures don't have to harm your self-esteem if you think about them in the right way.
	New study looks at attitudes towards political violence A small segment of the U.S. population considers violence, including lethal violence, to be usually or always justified to advance political objectives. This is according to newly published research from the UC Davis Violence Prevention Research Program (VPRP).
	Extreme emotions and emotionlessness of UK immigration system make migrants deportable and disposable The UK's immigration system uses a combination of strong emotions combined with emotionlessness to cast migrants as simultaneously 'threatening, polluting and irrelevant'—creating a group of people who are, ultimately deportable and disposable, new research reveals.
	Yes, the original Barbie is a stereotype. But children also create their own 'Barbie worlds' With the blockbuster success of the "Barbie" movie and the related expansion of Barbie branding and merchandising, educators and parents may find themselves wondering about Barbie's original purpose: as a child's toy.
	Gendered discrimination and disrespect 'all too common' in legal profession, Australian report shows A new report, Designing Gender Equality into the Future of The Law examines the experience of women in the law including discrimination, harassment and overwork.
	Andalusian families do not have the same bilingual education opportunities, says study According to a study, factors such as their place of residence, the economic level of their neighborhoods, and school type, strongly limit equal access to bilingual education in Andalusia
	Secondary education needs to empower students to respond to climate emergency, says UK report The UK government needs to do more to equip schools with the materials and resources to teach young people about climate change and their role in responding to it by refocusing the school curriculum, according to the authors of new research.
	America's role in combating global poverty examined in new book Aristotle famously wrote, "Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime."

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