Science X Newsletter Wed, May 8

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for May 8, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Study sheds light on the origin of elasticity in glasses and gels

Astronomers explore globular cluster NGC 2419

Computer models suggest modern plate tectonics are due to blobs left behind by cosmic collision

Possible evidence of glueballs found during Beijing Spectrometer III experiments

Physicist achieve milestone in quantum simulation with circular Rydberg qubits

Webb presents best evidence to date for rocky exoplanet atmosphere

Physicists reach atomic-scale telegraphy with light

'Mathematical microscope' reveals novel, energy-efficient mechanism of working memory that works even during sleep

The interference of many atoms, and a new approach to boson sampling

Research team develops AI to perform chemical synthesis

Video shows how swarms of miniature robots simultaneously clean up microplastics and microbes

US restorationist solves 60-million-year-old dinosaur fossil 'puzzles'

Sleep problems as a child may be associated with psychosis in young adults

Marine bacteria team up to produce a vital vitamin

AI and holography bring 3D augmented reality to regular glasses

Nanotechnology news

	Development of ultra-high-efficiency pure red light-emitting devices with enhanced color representation DGIST Professor Jiwoong Yang's team in the Energy Science and Engineering Department has successfully manufactured high-performance, skin-attachable perovskite pure red light-emitting devices to create various forms of wearable displays.
	Researchers can now accurately measure the emergence and damping of a plasmonic field An international research team led by Universität Hamburg, DESY, and Stanford University has developed a new approach to characterize the electric field of arbitrary plasmonic samples, like, for example, gold nanoparticles. Plasmonic materials are of particular interest due to their extraordinary efficiency at absorbing light, which is crucial for renewable energy and other technologies.
	Enabling rapid screening of poly(2-oxazoline)-based nanomedicine through divergent synthesis A research collaboration has devised a new way to quickly and reliably diversify the reactive end-groups on poly(2-oxazoline)s, a biocompatible polymer class.
	Scientists create black arsenic visible infrared photodetectors In recent years, the exceptional structure and fascinating electrical and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) layered crystals have attracted widespread attention. Examples of such crystals include graphene, black phosphorus (BP), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs).

Physics news

	Study sheds light on the origin of elasticity in glasses and gels Glasses and gels are two different types of solid materials that are commonly used in a wide range of settings. Despite their markedly different compositions, these distinct materials share some similar properties, for instance, they exhibit rigidity without a translational order and a slow transformation over time.
	Possible evidence of glueballs found during Beijing Spectrometer III experiments A large international team of physicists working on the BES III collaboration has announced possible physical evidence of glueballs. In their study, published in the journal Physical Review Letters, the group analyzed decaying particles in a particle collider and uncovered what they believe to be evidence of glueballs.
	Physicist achieve milestone in quantum simulation with circular Rydberg qubits A team of researchers from the 5th Institute of Physics at the University of Stuttgart is making important progress in the field of quantum simulation and quantum computing based on Rydberg atoms by overcoming a fundamental limitation: the limited lifetime of Rydberg atoms. Circular Rydberg states are showing enormous potential for overcoming this limitation.
	Physicists reach atomic-scale telegraphy with light In the 1880s Heinrich Hertz discovered that a spark jumping between two pieces of metal emits a flash of light—rapidly oscillating electromagnetic waves—which can be picked up by an antenna. To honor his groundbreaking work, the unit of frequency was named "Hertz" in 1930. Hertz's findings were later used by Guglielmo Marconi (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1909) to transmit information over long distances creating radio communication and revolutionizing wireless telegraphy—shaping the modern world until today.
	The interference of many atoms, and a new approach to boson sampling In daily life, when two objects are "indistinguishable," it's due to an imperfect state of knowledge. As a street magician scrambles the cups and balls, you could, in principle, keep track of which ball is which as they are passed between the cups. However, at the smallest scales in nature, even the magician cannot tell one ball from another.
	Strictly no dancing: Researchers discover 'new molecular design rules' Since the discovery of quantum mechanics more than a hundred years ago, it has been known that electrons in molecules can be coupled to the motion of the atoms that make up the molecules. Often referred to as molecular vibrations, the motion of atoms act like tiny springs, undergoing periodic motion.
	Quantum simulators solve physics puzzles with colored dots By analyzing images made of colored dots created by quantum simulators, ETH researchers have studied a special kind of magnetism. In the future this method could also be used to solve other physics puzzles, for instance in superconductivity.
	Hidden citations in physics may obscure true impact In the scientific literature, a citation acts as a mechanism to signal prior knowledge, enhance credibility, and protect against plagiarism. But it also gives credit to the individual or team who established or discovered the knowledge in question, and citations have thus emerged as a metric to measure the impact of a work or researcher.
	Terahertz flexible multiplexing chip enabled by synthetic topological phase transitions The terahertz band is a gap band between microwave and infrared, and has shown great application potential in many cutting-edge information fields such as 6G communications. Terahertz silicon-based photonics has many advantages such as high transmission efficiency and is an effective platform for realizing terahertz devices.
	Fundamental and photodetector application of van der Waals Schottky junctions The junction composed of traditional metals and 2D semiconductors is a key component of semiconductor devices.

Earth news

	Computer models suggest modern plate tectonics are due to blobs left behind by cosmic collision A small team of geologists and seismologists at the California Institute of Technology has found evidence via computer modeling that suggest giant blobs of material near the Earth's core, believed to have been created by a cosmic collision 4.5 billion years ago, may be responsible for modern plate tectonics.
	Study reveals new mechanism to explain how continents stabilized Ancient, expansive tracts of continental crust called cratons have helped keep Earth's continents stable for billions of years, even as landmasses shift, mountains rise and oceans form. A new mechanism proposed by Penn State scientists may explain how the cratons formed some 3 billion years ago, an enduring question in the study of Earth's history.
	Study suggests heavy snowfall and rain may contribute to some earthquakes When scientists look for an earthquake's cause, their search often starts underground. As centuries of seismic studies have made clear, it's the collision of tectonic plates and the movement of subsurface faults and fissures that primarily trigger a temblor.
	How rising treelines can affect Alpine lakes An EPFL scientist along with colleagues from universities across Europe have completed the first-ever quantitative study of the changes that soil organic matter from forests can cause in high-altitude and high-latitude lakes once it's dissolved in the water.
	Study reveals late Pleistocene island weathering, precipitation in the Western Pacific Warm Pool In a study published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science on April 18, researchers from China, South Korea, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States have reconstructed the weathering history of the Western Pacific island arc over the past 140,000 years, combined with the simulation results from transient climate models, and revealed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of deep convection-precipitation evolution in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP).
	Study informs climate resilience strategies in urban, rural areas Local decision-makers looking for ways to reduce the impact of heat waves on their communities have a valuable new capability at their disposal: a new study on vegetation resilience.
	Every drop counts: New algorithm tracks Texas's daily reservoir evaporation rates Summer can be an extra challenging time for Texas's 189 major water supply reservoirs. With temperatures consistently reaching 100 degrees or higher, reservoir evaporation rates see high increases.
	Ritacuba Blanco: death of a Colombian glacier Just a few months ago, the Colombian mountain peak of Ritacuba Blanco was covered in an unbroken layer of white ice and snow, just as it had been for as long as anyone can remember.
	World extends run of heat records for an 11th month in a row April was the Earth's 11th consecutive month of record-breaking heat, with warmer weather already sweeping across Asia and a hotter-than-usual summer expected in Europe.
	As climate change amplifies urban flooding, here's how communities can become 'sponge cities' "When it rains, it pours" once was a metaphor for bad things happening in clusters. Now it's becoming a statement of fact about rainfall in a changing climate.
	Walking in African cities can be a miserable experience: Study shows planners ignore needs of pedestrians African cities aren't welcoming places for pedestrians. Yet walking is free and, given the shortage of decent public transport, it's often the only way for people to move around. More than 70% of Africa's urban population of about 609 million walk daily to their various destinations.
	Experts propose a long-term strategy for wildfire risk management in the era of climate change A perspective published in PNAS Nexus explores lessons learned from recent deadly wildfires and proposes a strategy for managing wildfire risk.
	Pore pressure diffusion led to microseismicity at Illinois basin carbon sequestration site, modeling study finds Pore pressure diffusion generated by carbon dioxide injected underground at a carbon storage site in the Illinois Basin is the likely cause of hundreds of microearthquakes that took place at the site between 2011 and 2012, according to a new analysis.
	International SWOT mission can improve flood prediction Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are like our planet's arteries, carrying life-sustaining water in interconnected networks. When Earth's water cycle runs too fast, flooding can result, threatening lives and property. That risk is increasing as climate change alters precipitation patterns and more people are living in flood-prone areas worldwide.
	High hopes for carbon capture, underground storage Capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere to store underground "sounds too good to be true", a climate expert told AFP, yet the technology to increase its capacity tenfold is already being tested.
	2023 'year of record climatic hazards' in Latin America: UN Latin America and the Caribbean had their warmest year on record in 2023 as a "double-whammy" of El Niño and climate change caused major weather calamities, the World Meteorological Organization said Wednesday.
	April temperatures in Indonesia hottest for more than four decades Indonesia experienced its hottest April in more than four decades, two senior weather agency officials said Wednesday, as the region endures a suffocating heat wave and global temperatures break records.
	Scientists identify contributions of vertical atmospheric measurements and simulations during haze pollution in Beijing Recently, Science Bulletin published research that explored the source of ammonium in PM2.5 at different heights of the atmospheric boundary layer in Beijing, and found that combustion-related ammonia is very important to ammonium in PM2.5 during haze pollution in winter.
	Brazil flooding death toll reaches 100 The death toll from devastating floods that have ravaged southern Brazil for days reached 100 on Wednesday, authorities said, as the search continued for dozens of people still missing.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers explore globular cluster NGC 2419 Using the Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) and ESA's Gaia satellite, astronomers have explored a galactic globular cluster known as NGC 2419. Results of the study, published April 29 on the preprint server arXiv, shed more light on the properties of this cluster and its stellar content.
	Webb presents best evidence to date for rocky exoplanet atmosphere Researchers using NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope may have detected an atmosphere surrounding 55 Cancri e, a rocky exoplanet 41 light-years from Earth. This is the best evidence to date for a rocky planet atmosphere outside our solar system. Brice-Olivier Demory, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Bern and member of the the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) PlanetS, was part of the international research team that just published the results in Nature.
	New study delves into ozone's influence on exoplanetary climate In the quest for life beyond our solar system, a new study delves into the atmospheric dynamics of planet Proxima Centauri b, illuminating ozone's pivotal role in shaping planetary climates. This research signifies a significant leap forward in our understanding of habitable exoplanets.
	Improving timing precision of millisecond pulsars using polarization Pulsar timing enables the most stringent tests of fundamental physics. By monitoring the pulse times of arrival (ToAs) of an ensemble of stable millisecond pulsars (MSPs), known as a pulsar timing array (PTA), it is possible to detect nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs). The success of GW detection with PTAs requires the highest possible timing precision.
	Boeing's first astronaut launch is off until late next week to replace a bad rocket valve Boeing's first astronaut launch is off until late next week because of a bad valve in the rocket that needs to be replaced.
	Exploring the asteroid Apophis with small satellites The author of a disaster novel couldn't have dreamed it up any better: On a Friday, the thirteenth of all days, the potentially dangerous asteroid (99942) Apophis will come extremely close to humanity.
	White Sands propulsion team tests 3D-printed Orion engine component When the Orion spacecraft carries the first Artemis crews to the moon and back, it will rely on the European Service Module contributed by ESA (European Space Agency) to make the journey. The service module provides electrical power generation, propulsion, temperature control, and consumable storage for Orion, up to the moment it separates from the crew module prior to re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.
	'Lost' spy satellite orbited Earth undetected for 25 years—until now, scientists say An experimental spy satellite that was deemed "lost" after eluding detection for decades has finally been found. "The S73-7 satellite has been rediscovered after being untracked for 25 years," astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell said in an April 29 post on X, formerly Twitter. He says it reappeared on April 25, citing Space Force data.
	A nebula that extends its hand into space The Gum Nebula is an emission nebula almost 1400 light-years away. It's home to an object known as "God's Hand" among the faithful. The rest of us call it CG 4.
	Solar max is coming—the sun just released three X-class flares The sun is increasing its intensity on schedule, continuing its approach to solar maximum. In just over a 24-hour period on May 5 and May 6, 2024, the sun released three X-class solar flares measuring at X1.3, X1.2, and X4.5. Solar flares can impact radio communications and electric power grids here on Earth, and they also pose a risk to spacecraft and astronauts in space.
	NASA and JAXA XRISM spot iron fingerprints in nearby active galaxy After starting science operations in February, Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) studied the monster black hole at the center of galaxy NGC 4151.
	SpaceX blasts off on 35th Space Coast launch of the year SpaceX keeps lining them up and knocking them out with an afternoon launch from Kennedy Space Center on Wednesday.

Technology news

	Video shows how swarms of miniature robots simultaneously clean up microplastics and microbes When old food packaging, discarded children's toys and other mismanaged plastic waste break down into microplastics, they become even harder to clean up from oceans and waterways. These tiny bits of plastic also attract bacteria, including those that cause disease.
	AI and holography bring 3D augmented reality to regular glasses Researchers in the emerging field of spatial computing have developed a prototype augmented reality headset that uses holographic imaging to overlay full-color, 3D moving images on the lenses of what would appear to be an ordinary pair of glasses. Unlike the bulky headsets of present-day augmented reality systems, the new approach delivers a visually satisfying 3D viewing experience in a compact, comfortable, and attractive form factor suitable for all-day wear.
	Chemists present roadmap to a carbon-neutral refinery by 2050 Would it be possible to build a refinery that is completely fossil-free, and thereby significantly contributing to a carbon-neutral society by as early as 2050? According to two chemists from Utrecht University it is. In a Nature article, they present a roadmap in which oil refineries could be reinvented to be completely fossil-free. Processes will be electrified if possible, and raw materials will change to CO2, agricultural and municipal waste. "We wanted to see what would be needed to make a fossil-free refinery and took that to the extreme."
	Flexible pseudocapacitor defies climate extremes, packs energy punch In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, the demand for reliable energy storage solutions has never been greater. With our reliance on electronic devices growing, especially in aviation, space exploration, and satellite operations, the need for energy storage that can withstand extreme temperatures is paramount.
	Teaching robots to move by sketching trajectories Getting robots to perform even a simple task requires a great deal of behind-the-scenes work. Part of the challenge is planning and executing movements, everything from turning wheels to lifting a robotic arm. To make this happen, roboticists collaborate with programmers to develop a set of trajectories—or pathways—that are clear of obstacles and doable for the robot.
	Lab's AI work results in increased revenue, decreased land requirements for wind power industry The wind industry could benefit from the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to design and deploy wind plants, according to an article in Nature Energy written by researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
	A low-energy process for high-performance solar cells could simplify the manufacturing process Finding reliable, eco-friendly power sources is crucial as our world grapples with increasing energy needs and the urgent call to combat climate change. Solar energy offers one solution, with scientists devising ever more efficient materials for capturing sunlight.
	Scientists determine disorder improves lithium-ion battery life What determines the cycle life of batteries? And, more importantly, how can we extend it? An international research team led by TU Delft has discovered that local disorder in the oxide cathode material increases the number of times Li-ion batteries can be charged and discharged. Their results have been published in Nature.
	A new, low-cost, high-efficiency photonic integrated circuit The rapid advancement in photonic integrated circuits (PICs), which combine multiple optical devices and functionalities on a single chip, has revolutionized optical communications and computing systems.
	New approach uses generative AI to imitate human motion An international group of researchers has created a new approach to imitating human motion by combining central pattern generators (CPGs) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The method not only imitates walking and running motions but also generates movements for frequencies where motion data is absent, enables smooth transition movements from walking to running, and allows for adaptation to environments with unstable surfaces.
	More and faster: Electricity from clean sources reaches 30% of global total Billions of people are using different kinds of energy each day and 2023 was a record-breaking year for renewable energy sources—ones that don't emit planet-warming pollutants like carbon dioxide and methane—according to a report published Wednesday by Ember, a think tank based in London.
	Japanese auto giant Toyota posts record net profit Toyota reported record annual net profit of more than $30 billion on Wednesday but the world's largest automaker by sales warned that the current year would be less spectacular.
	OpenAI unveils tool to detect DALL-E images OpenAI, the Microsoft-backed artificial intelligence company behind the popular image generator DALL-E, on Tuesday announced the launch of a new tool aimed at detecting whether digital images have been created by AI.
	Researchers identify cause of electron-hole separation in thin-film solar cells to increase solar cell efficiency A team of researchers have collaborated to characterize electron-hole separation in the light-absorbing layer of kesterite thin-film solar cells. This study is expected to improve the efficiency of solar cells and promote the use of green energy. The research is published in the journal Carbon Energy.
	Accelerating the practical application of next-gen batteries that are fire-resistant through dual-layer coating Professor Hongkyung Lee of DGIST's Energy Science and Engineering collaborated with Dr. Chanhoon Kim's Clean Energy Conversion Group at the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) to introduce a stabilization technology for unstable battery systems through the adoption of a dual-layer coating method. The work is published in the Chemical Engineering Journal.
	Meta will let advertisers create campaigns using new generative AI tools Facebook and Instagram parent company Meta Platforms Inc. is testing new tools that will let advertisers create marketing material, including images and messaging, using generative AI prompts.
	Dove's latest 'Real Beauty' drive—and why AI will be harder to ditch than it thinks Beauty brand Dove recently announced it would not use models generated by artificial intelligence (AI) in its advertising campaigns. But is this really an anti-AI stance or merely the marketing of "inclusive" and "realistic" AI-generated images? In other words, is Dove attempting to shape the beauty ideals AI shows consumers, rather than ditching its use entirely?
	Q&A: How advanced chip packaging can help redesign the future of semiconductors The phrase "advanced chip packaging" might conjure images of a fancy Pringles can. For those who manufacture semiconductors—also known as integrated circuits, chips or microchips—it represents a new frontier, a race to design and mass produce the next generation of semiconductors that use less energy while delivering more computing power.
	Data privacy in the post-Roe era In 2022, when the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade—ending the constitutional right to an abortion—privacy advocates warned women against using smartphone apps to track their periods.
	A view of a room with VR and AI for the field of interior design Bringing together virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) could lead to significant advancements in the field of interior design, according to research published in the International Journal of Information and Communication Technology.
	Tesla fires team expanding Supercharger network. Expert explains why it was a good move for Elon Musk—and consumers Last week, Tesla fired 500 employees responsible for expanding its Supercharger network.
	Research casts new light on bike safety in the age of self-driving cars Equipping self-driving cars with external displays that use colored lights to communicate their next maneuver could help keep cyclists safe on the roads of the future, researchers say.
	Gatekeepers of the internet: Why there's no such thing as 'free' internet Whether you're apping someone or scrolling through Instagram… all your online behavior is being monitored. In fact, others decide what you actually see. Ph.D. candidate Aleksandre Zardiashvili investigated the impact of online advertising and the power of the companies behind it.
	A dynamic projected turn signal for increased road safety In recent years, micro-optical projectors have become well established for automotive applications. These projectors enable cars to communicate with their surroundings.
	US's largest public utility ignores warnings in moving forward with new natural gas plant The nation's largest public utility is moving ahead with a plan for a new natural gas plant in Tennessee despite warnings that its environmental review of the project doesn't comply with federal law. The Tennessee Valley Authority announced in April that it would replace the aging coal-burning Kingston Fossil Plant with gas amid growing calls for the agency's new board of directors to invest in renewables.
	Global car giants seek tech allies in China's cutthroat EV market Struggling foreign automakers in China are looking for help from local tech giants to try to stay competitive in the world's biggest electric car market, where shiny smart screens, assisted driving and sophisticated map technology are in high demand.
	Samsung to buy French medical AI firm Sonio South Korean tech giant Samsung said Wednesday it will buy French artificial intelligence company Sonio to boost its cutting-edge medical diagnostic systems.
	EU queries X over cut to content moderation resources The EU on Wednesday told digital platform X to explain a cut to content moderation resources, amid concerns over disinformation ahead of European elections in June.
	BMW says EU probe into China EV subsidies against free trade The chief executive of German luxury carmaker BMW on Wednesday warned the European Union's investigation into Chinese electric car subsidies runs counter to free trade.
	Tackling climate change with social science Tackling the climate challenge is requiring everyone to change the way we think about our homes, our lifestyles, and our investments. Australians are embracing the energy transition, with rooftop solar now contributing 11.2% of Australia's electricity supply.

Chemistry news

	Research team develops AI to perform chemical synthesis Chemistry, with its intricate processes and vast potential for innovation, has always been a challenge for automation. Traditional computational tools, despite their advanced capabilities, often remain underutilized due to their complexity and the specialized knowledge required to operate them.
	Catalyst search shows how computing can take the guesswork out of chemistry Imagine synthesizing and then testing over 50 different complex molecules to identify the most effective catalyst for a particular chemical reaction. The traditional approach to developing new catalysts for chemical reactions in this "try it and see" manner is often extremely labor intensive, requiring numerous repeated experiments with potential candidate molecules. The now ubiquitous technique of machine learning can make this task much more efficient by predicting the performance of catalysts ahead of time based on theoretical characteristics.
	AI simulation of flavored vape reactions reveals formation of many hazardous chemicals New research has uncovered the potentially harmful substances that are produced when e-liquids in vaping devices are heated for inhalation. The study, published in Scientific Reports, highlights the urgent need for public health policies concerning flavored vapes.
	Getting to know the enzymes behind cell communication—and tumor growth In the human body, molecules known as kinases propagate signals within and between cells, relaying signals that allow cells to respond to changes in the environment. However, there are hundreds of different kinases in the body, and identifying their individual and collective functions is challenging.
	Chemists produce new-to-nature enzyme containing boron Boronic acid has been used in organic chemistry for decades, even though it is not present in any organism. "It gives rise to different chemical reactions than those we find in nature," explains Gerard Roelfes, Professor of Biomolecular Chemistry & Catalysis at the University of Groningen.
	Solid-state reaction among multiphase multicomponent ceramic enhances ablation performance, study finds Multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) has attracted much attention in research due to its superior high-temperature mechanical properties, lower thermal conductivity and enhanced oxidation resistance.
	Shaping up how red blood cell deformability is assessed—researchers develop new approach Red blood cells (RBCs) transport oxygen throughout the body and are able to pass through a complex of narrow capillaries due to their ability to deform. "The deformability of RBCs is an important indicator of their health and functionality, and changes in this property can signal the presence of diseases," said Associate Professor Ye Ai at Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD).
	A multi-stream network for retrosynthesis prediction Retrosynthesis aims to predict a set of reactants for producing given molecules, which plays a significant part in the biochemistry field, such as molecular pathway design and drug discovery. Most existing methods only benefit from one kind of information rather than further considering the diverse aspect of molecular information.

Biology news

	US restorationist solves 60-million-year-old dinosaur fossil 'puzzles' Before a T. rex can tower over museum visitors or a Triceratops can show off its huge horns, dinosaur fossils must first be painstakingly reconstructed—cleaned, fit together and even painted.
	Marine bacteria team up to produce a vital vitamin A German-American research team led by microbiologist Dr. Gerrit Wienhausen from the University of Oldenburg (Germany) has come an important step closer to a better understanding of highly complex interactions between marine microorganisms. The researchers conducted various experiments to analyze the interaction between two species of marine bacteria from the North Sea in the synthesis of vitamin B12, and published their findings in the journal Nature.
	An adjuvant made in yeast could lower vaccine cost and boost availability Vaccines save lives, as proven during the recent pandemic, but one component of most vaccines—including the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine—goes unheralded: a molecule or other compound that primes the immune system to mount a more robust defense against infection.
	Woodlice hold the new record for smallest dispersers of ingested seeds Even bugs as small as woodlice can disperse seeds they eat, setting a new record for smallest animal recorded to do so. The Kobe University discovery underscores the crucial yet often overlooked role that small invertebrates play in ecosystems.
	Researchers discover new function of oncoproteins Researchers at the University of Würzburg have discovered a new function of the oncoprotein MYCN: It not only helps cancer cells to grow stronger, but also makes them more resistant to drugs. The study is published in Molecular Cell.
	Model predicts future spread of box tree moth in North America CABI scientists have led research with collaborations from the University of Toronto and University of Guelph, both in Canada, to update a model which predicts the future spread of the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) in North America.
	Limited adaptability is making freshwater bacteria vulnerable to climate change Freshwater bacteria with small genomes frequently undergo prolonged periods of adaptive stagnation. Based on genomic analyses of samples from Lake Zurich and other European lakes, researchers at the University of Zurich have uncovered specific evolutionary strategies that shape these bacteria's lifestyles. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of aquatic microbial communities is key to safeguarding ecosystem services.
	Discovery of ancient Glaswegian shrimp fossil reveals new species A short but robust little shrimp may have died out over 330 million years ago during the Carboniferous period, but the rare Scottish shellfish has been revitalized as a new species to science and as a Glaswegian.
	New technology changes how proteins in individual cells are studied Researchers from Karolinska Institutet, together with Pixelgen Technologies, have developed and applied a technique that makes it possible to map proteins in individual cells in a completely new way. Not only is it now possible to measure the amount of proteins, but also how they are distributed in the cell's membrane and how they interact with each other.
	Study pinpoints cellular response to pressure in sea star embryos An international team of scientists has discovered a new cellular mechanism that explains how cells can adapt to pressure changes during tissue growth by packing themselves into a unique shape.
	Researchers map out anatomy of wooden breast syndrome in broiler chickens Each year, Delaware farms raise more than 240 million broiler chickens, the top agricultural commodity in the state with a $3.5 billion impact on the state's economy.
	Human activity is making it harder for scientists to interpret oceans' past New research shows human activity is significantly altering the ways in which marine organisms are preserved, with lasting effects that can both improve and impair the fossil record. The findings are published in the journal Biogeosciences.
	Researchers discovery family of natural compounds that selectively kill parasites An international team led by researchers at the University of Toronto has found a family of natural compounds with potential as new and more effective treatments for parasitic worms. The compounds stall the unique metabolic process that worms use to survive in the human gut.
	Genetic study finds early summer fishing can have an evolutionary impact, resulting in smaller salmon Atlantic salmon are caught by fisheries when the fish are migrating to spawn. A new study led by the University of Helsinki explored how salmon caught at different times during their spawning migration differ from each other genetically. The study on wild salmon in the northern Baltic Sea revealed that especially in the early part of the fishing season, fishing strongly targets salmon carrying a "large salmon genetic variant." The variant guides Atlantic salmon to grow large and to mature at an older age, which is an important trait for the fishing and viability of salmon stocks.
	Milking venom from Australia's deadly marine animals Imagine feeling like an elephant is sitting on your chest, you can't breathe, there's a sense of impending doom and the pain is so intense you want to die.
	Mongolia's wildlife at risk from overgrazing The icy peaks of Jargalant Mountain are supposed to belong to snow leopards, whose numbers have dwindled to fewer than 1,000 in Mongolia, but hard-pressed herders are increasingly pushing into the vulnerable animals' traditional habitat.
	Bird flu is bad for poultry and dairy cows: It's not a dire threat for most of us—yet Headlines are flying after the Department of Agriculture confirmed that the H5N1 bird flu virus has infected dairy cows around the country. Tests have detected the virus among cattle in nine states, mainly in Texas and New Mexico, and most recently in Colorado, said Nirav Shah, principal deputy director at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at a May 1 event held by the Council on Foreign Relations.
	'Essentially a gas station,' fishy feast draws sea lions to Pier 39 in numbers not seen in 15 years They're big, loud, and smelly—and they have taken over San Francisco's touristy Pier 39.
	Saving the Mary River turtle: How the people of Tiaro rallied behind an iconic species Australian freshwater turtles are facing an alarming trend. Almost half of these species are listed as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered.
	A 'conservation conundrum'—when rat control to conserve one species threatens another When pest rats and mice decimate populations of native species, pest control is a no-brainer. But what if baiting rats protects threatened songbirds, while poisoning critically endangered owls?
	Great balls of protein: CSIRO turns red meat into nutritious powder Australia's national science agency, CSIRO, is adding value to the beef sector, turning red meat into a highly nutritious powder to give an allergen-free protein boost to snacks and beverages, targeting a $3.8 billion health and wellness market opportunity.
	Researchers conduct survey on attitudes toward urban animals and where people want them to live How do city residents feel about animals in their immediate surroundings? A recent study published in the Journal of Urban Ecology by the Technical University of Munich (TUM), the University of Jena and the Vienna University of Technology shows how different the acceptance of various wild animals in urban areas is.
	Big data helps determine what drives disease risk Working with nearly 3,000 observations across almost 1,500 host-parasite combinations, researchers at Notre Dame University have found that biodiversity loss, chemical pollution, introduced species, and climate change, but not urbanization, are driving increases in infectious disease risk.
	Scientists find ancient, endangered lamprey fish in Queensland, 1400 km north of its previous known range The Australian brook lamprey (Mordacia praecox) is part of a group of primitive jawless fish. It's up to 15 cm long, with rows of sharp teeth. Surprisingly, it doesn't use these teeth to suck blood like most lamprey species—it's non-parasitic.
	MATE transporter facilitates bitter saponin transport from cytoplasm to vacuole Domestic soybeans serve as an important source of healthy edible plant oil and high-quality plant protein in our food culture. In addition to the well-known components of oil (approximately 20%), protein (approximately 40%), and carbohydrates (approximately 30%), soybean seeds also contain a range of specialized metabolites that promote human health. For example, soyasaponins, which make up 0.5–6.5% of the seed, and isoflavonoids, which make up 0.01–0.5%, are critical for promoting human health.
	Researchers target spermidine production to combat emerging drug resistance in Salmonella Food-borne diseases like typhoid, caused by Salmonella Typhimurium, are a severe threat to public health, especially in India. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has allowed this bacterium to become resistant, posing a major hurdle in treating infections.
	Global warming may boost mosquito habitats, study finds A research team at Los Alamos National Laboratory is using computer models to simulate how climate change could expand the geographical range in which mosquitoes live, which may cause an increase in mosquito-borne illness. The study was recently published in the Journal of Climate Change and Health.
	Dogs brought to US must be microchipped, older than 6 months: CDC Dogs brought into the United States from abroad must be compliant with new rules to help fight rabies in this country, according to updated guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued Wednesday.
	Malaysia plans to introduce 'orangutan diplomacy': minister Malaysia intends to gift orangutans to palm oil-purchasing countries as part of an initiative similar to China's panda diplomacy, the commodities minister said on Wednesday.
	Exploring lysosomal biology: Current approaches and methods Lysosomes are critical for cellular degradation, characterized by their acidic pH and array of hydrolytic enzymes. They degrade materials through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy, recycling essential components. Lysosomes also participate in vital cellular processes, and their dysfunction contributes to diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.

Medicine and Health news

	'Mathematical microscope' reveals novel, energy-efficient mechanism of working memory that works even during sleep UCLA Health researchers have discovered a mechanism that creates memories while reducing metabolic cost, even during sleep. This efficient memory occurs in a part of the brain that is crucial for learning and memory, and where Alzheimer's disease begins.
	Sleep problems as a child may be associated with psychosis in young adults Children who experience chronic lack of sleep from infancy may be at increased risk of developing psychosis in early adulthood, new research shows.
	Researchers discover new target for potential leukemia therapy A team of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute investigators discovered that a subset of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias depend on a molecular complex called PI3Kgamma for survival. The study provides both mechanistic and preclinical evidence supporting the rapid initiation of clinical trials for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to test an existing medicine that inhibits the complex, called eganelisib, both alone and in combination with the most used AML chemotherapy, cytarabine. The study was published in Nature.
	'Wraparound' implants represent new approach to treating spinal cord injuries A tiny, flexible electronic device that wraps around the spinal cord could represent a new approach to the treatment of spinal injuries, which can cause profound disability and paralysis.
	Strengthening CAR-T therapy to work against solid tumors Researchers at the National Cancer Institute-designated Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center (MECCC) have shown that a breakthrough therapy for treating blood cancers can be adapted to treat solid tumors—an advance that could transform cancer treatment.
	Study reveals role of iron in allergic asthma and points to potential new therapies New USC research shows that iron serves as a gas pedal driving certain immune cells that cause inflammation in the lungs during an allergic asthma attack—and blocking or limiting iron may reduce the severity of symptoms.
	Researchers develop first model of the brain's information highways The brain resembles a road network: Like country roads, small connections link neighboring nerve cells, while, like highways, thick nerve bundles connect different regions of the brain. These thick, heavily used nerve bundles, which for example connect the left and right brain hemispheres or the brain's front and back, have not been experimentally investigated thus far.
	Study suggests daily consumption of olive oil reduces chances of developing dementia A team of nutritionists and medical researchers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health has found evidence that daily consumption of olive oil may reduce the chances of developing dementia.
	How our knowledge of artists influences our perception of their works A neurocognitive study by researchers at the Institute of Psychology at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU) shows that negative knowledge about an artist influences the perception of the artwork, regardless of the artist's level of fame.
	Gene linked to learning difficulties found to have direct impact on learning and memory A gene previously linked to intellectual disability has been found to regulate learning and memory in mice. The gene, called KDM5B has previously been linked to some intellectual disability disorders and autism. In the general population, some variants are also associated with reduced brain function, although not sufficient to cause an overt disability or behavioral symptoms.
	Researchers outline how cells activate to cause fibrosis and organ scarring New research led by Unity Health Toronto that examines how fibroblast cells in the body are activated to cause fibrosis and organ scarring has been published in Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. Fibrosis and organ scarring are leading causes of death, with data suggesting they are responsible for up to 45% of deaths in the developed world.
	Potential link between PTSD and autism found in mice People on the autism spectrum are predisposed to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a new study from The Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Queensland has shown.
	Researchers find that a new mother's immune status varies with her feeding strategy In one of the first studies of its kind, UC Santa Barbara researchers have found that the immune status of postpartum mothers shifts with how she feeds her baby. According to a paper published in the journal Scientific Reports, certain inflammatory proteins—substances that are secreted as part of an immune response—peak at different times of day, correlating with whether the mothers breastfeed, pump or formula-feed their babies.
	New tool links Alzheimer's disease types to rate of cognitive decline Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered a series of brain changes characterized by unique clinical features and immune cell behaviors using a new corticolimbic index tool for Alzheimer's disease, a leading cause of dementia.
	Scientists unravel how psychedelic drugs interact with serotonin receptors to potentially produce therapeutic benefits Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have shed valuable light on the complex mechanisms by which a class of psychedelic drugs binds to and activates serotonin receptors to produce potential therapeutic effects in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety.
	Researchers may have found an Achilles heel for Hepatitis B Tiny, dangerous, and easily transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically affects about 296 million people and kills about 1 million every year. This stealthy virus invades the liver and remains largely asymptomatic until it culminates in cirrhosis or cancer.
	Study shows damaging impact of heat waves on vital organs Researchers from the University of California, Irvine have found evidence of the molecular causes of the damaging impact heat stress causes on the gut, liver and brain in the elderly. These findings point to the potential of developing precise prognostic and therapeutic interventions.
	inflammatory protein research offers treatment strategies for a rare, potentially fatal lung disease Most of the time, our immune systems do a great job defending against infection and keeping our bodies running smoothly. Sometimes, though, our immune system actually makes things worse. Case in point—researchers from Japan have now shown that a naturally occurring immune signaling protein may be a key player in the development of an incurable form of lung disease.
	Team develops computational approach to redesign antibodies for broader effectiveness against viral pandemics In a new development for addressing future viral pandemics, a multi-institutional team involving Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers has successfully combined an artificial intelligence (AI)-backed platform with supercomputing to redesign and restore the effectiveness of antibodies whose ability to fight viruses has been compromised by viral evolution.
	Serotonergic neuron findings suggest possible treatment for depression-related infertility Scientists from Nagoya University in Japan have clarified the relationship between energy levels and fertility in animals and humans. They identified signaling from serotonergic neurons as important for maintaining reproductive function by sensing glucose availability and subsequently enhancing the release of the reproductive hormone gonadotropin. Their findings also provide an explanation and possible treatment for the decreased fertility observed in people with depression.
	New study offers insight into genesis of spina bifida A group of researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine have led an investigation that offers new insight into the causes of spina bifida, the most common structural disorder of the human nervous system.
	Study finds THC lingers in breastmilk with no clear peak point When breastfeeding mothers in a recent study used cannabis, its psychoactive component THC showed up in the milk they produced. The Washington State University-led research also found that, unlike alcohol, when THC was detected in milk there was no consistent time when its concentration peaked and started to decline.
	A 30-year US study links ultra-processed food to higher risk of early death Higher consumption of most ultra-processed foods is linked to a slightly higher risk of death, with ready-to-eat meat, poultry, and seafood based products, sugary drinks, dairy based desserts, and highly processed breakfast foods showing the strongest associations, finds a 30-year US study in The BMJ today.
	Individuals of all ages with positive skin or blood test should receive preventive treatment for TB, new study says Preventive treatment for tuberculosis (TB) can stop latent TB infections from developing into deadly TB disease. Despite TB infection being fully treatable, there is no global consensus as to which subgroups of individuals exposed to TB should be prioritized for preventive treatment, nor whether the benefits of this treatment vary based on factors such as age or confirmed infection.
	A third COVID vaccine dose improves defense for some clinically extremely vulnerable patients A major clinical trial has found that an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose led to the majority of clinically extremely vulnerable people mounting defensive antibodies against COVID-19.
	Life-changing UK health program could reach more families with better coordination and resources, says study New research from City, University of London and the University of Southampton highlights the importance of Healthy Start for low-income families and outlines several recommendations for local and national governments to improve uptake of the scheme.
	Trial shows a faster approach for starting extended-release naltrexone to treat opioid use disorder is effective Starting people with opioid use disorder on extended-release, injectable naltrexone (XR-naltrexone) within five to seven days of seeking treatment is more effective than the standard treatment method of starting within 10–15 days, but requires closer medical supervision, according to results from a clinical trial published in JAMA Network Open.
	More than 321,000 US children lost a parent to drug overdose from 2011 to 2021: Study An estimated 321,566 children in the United States lost a parent to drug overdose from 2011 to 2021, according to a study published in JAMA Psychiatry.
	Childhood maltreatment responsible for up to 40% of mental health conditions among Australians, finds research A study examining childhood maltreatment in Australia has revealed the shocking burden for Australians, estimating it causes up to 40% of common, life-long mental health conditions.
	Helping your child make friends with a child with autism Kids are very likely to make the acquaintance of a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at some point, whether they know it or not. An estimated 95% of children with disabilities enroll in regular schools, experts say.
	Most socially vulnerable counties less likely to have cancer trials, analysis finds The most socially vulnerable counties are less likely to have any cancer clinical trial, according to a research letter published online May 7 in JAMA Network Open.
	Candy company recalls products due to salmonella risk A Midwestern candy company has issued a massive recall due to the risk of salmonella tainting some of its products.
	Managing migraine effectively Migraine is a neurologic disorder. The severe pain of migraine typically is on one side of the head but may be on both sides. Symptoms also may include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, difficulty speaking, or visual disturbances known as aura with flashes of light or blind spots. Attacks may last hours or days, and they can make work, school or other daily activities difficult.
	Do dying people have a 'right to try' magic mushrooms? 9th Circuit weighs case Do dying patients have a "right to try" illegal drugs such as psilocybin and MDMA if they might alleviate end-of-life suffering from anxiety and depression?
	Expert explains pink eye Pink eye is an inflammation of the lining of the eyelid and eyeball. The medical term for pink eye is conjunctivitis. The most noticeable symptom will be a pink or red irritated eye or eyes. Other symptoms can include:
	Tailored vaccine could one day treat eczema in children New research from a multi-disciplinary team at Trinity College Dublin suggests a "tailored vaccine" might hold the key to treating bacteria-driven flares of eczema in children. The work has been published in JCI Insight.
	Exercise, new drug class recommended for management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have released a new clinical guideline for effectively managing individuals diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The guideline reiterates the importance of collaborative decision-making with patients who have HCM and provides updated recommendations for the most effective treatment pathways for adult and pediatric patients.
	Study finds that neuropathy is very common but underdiagnosed Neuropathy, the nerve damage that causes pain and numbness in the feet and hands and can eventually lead to falls, infection and even amputation, is very common and underdiagnosed, according to a study published in the May 8, 2024, online issue of Neurology.
	COVID-19 pandemic changed attitudes toward wearable health devices, study finds The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased interest in wearable health-monitoring devices among low-income Hispanic and Latine adults living in the U.S., a new Northwestern University study has found.
	COVID-19 study examines link between insurance, race and vaccination trends Research from recent graduate Brock Santi of the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa John A. Burns School of Medicine (JABSOM) explored the link between COVID-19, insurance coverage, race, ethnicity and vaccination, shedding light on previously unexplored aspects of the pandemic's impact in Hawaiʻi.
	We know late-night screens are bad for sleep. How do you stop doomscrolling in bed? Like many of us, Jessica Peoples has heard the warnings about excessive screen time at night. Still, she estimates spending 30 to 60 minutes on her phone before going to sleep, mostly scrolling through social media.
	AstraZeneca withdraws Covid vaccine as demand dives Anglo-Swedish drugmaker AstraZeneca on Wednesday said it was withdrawing COVID vaccine Vaxzevria, one of the first produced in the deadly pandemic, citing "commercial reasons" following a slump in demand.
	Revised clinical guidelines on mandatory reporting of substance-exposed newborns show promise Researchers at Boston Medical Center (BMC) have published findings in JAMA Pediatrics that show the hospital's revised clinical guidelines for reporting substance-exposed newborns support family health.
	Factors ID'd for clean intermittent catheterization compliance in youth with neurogenic bladder For children with neurogenic bladder, self-catheterization is associated with lower adherence to clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), according to a study recently published in the Journal of Pediatric Urology.
	Personalized nutrition more effective than general diet advice, study finds Personalized nutrition approaches can improve several key health metrics, including lower weight, lower cholesterol, better mood, improved gut health, lower heart disease risk, and better metabolic health.
	Yes, adults can develop food allergies—here are four types you need to know about If you didn't have food allergies as a child, is it possible to develop them as an adult? The short answer is yes. But the reasons why are much more complicated.
	Neuroaffirming care values the strengths and differences of autistic people, those with ADHD or other profiles We've come a long way in terms of understanding that everyone thinks, interacts and experiences the world differently. In the past, autistic people, people with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and other profiles were categorized by what they struggled with or couldn't do.
	Lung cancer is the deadliest of all cancers, and screening could save many lives—if more people could access it Many medical organizations have been recommending lung cancer screening for decades for those at high risk of developing the disease.
	Many people are feeling ecological grief. How can we help those whose work puts them at risk? We feel ecological grief when we lose places, species or ecosystems we value and love. These losses are a growing threat to mental health and well-being globally.
	Beyond weight loss: Bariatric surgery may reduce cancer risk When you think about obesity, you may not connect it to cancer. However, researchers long have suspected a link between certain cancers and weight. Among those are endometrial, ovarian, colon, liver, pancreatic and postmenopausal breast cancers, which together contribute to 15 to 20% of all cancer deaths in the U.S.
	Study identifies disparities in end-of-life care for lung cancer patients Patients with lung cancer who were Asian/Pacific Islander, Black or Hispanic experienced a higher intensity of end-of-life care compared to white patients, according to a Northwestern Medicine population-based analysis published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
	A smart neckband for tracking dietary intake A smart neckband allows wearers to monitor their dietary intake. Automatically monitoring food and fluid intake can be useful when managing conditions including diabetes and obesity, or when maximizing fitness. But wearable technologies must be able to distinguish eating and drinking from similar movements, such as speaking and walking.
	New device that emits magnetic field may offer hope for treating depression A head-mounted device that generates an ultra-low frequency ultra-low magnetic field has been found to improve the symptoms of four male patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Future trials using the device may offer a safe and noninvasive way of treating depression. The results were published in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry.
	Chinese herb Aspidopterys obcordata shows potential in treating kidney stones In the Dai minority region of China, the Aspidopterys obcordata (Hei Gai Guan) has been used as a fork medicine for the treatment of urinary tract infections, cystitis, and urinary tract stones. Previous studies showed that the Aspidopterys obcordata fructo oligosaccharide (AOFOS) from Hei Gai Guan has inhibitory effects on the growth of calcium oxalate crystals of the kidney stones (also known as urolithiasis). However, the effects of plant polysaccharides on the prevention and treatment of kidney stones are poorly understood.
	Vowel intelligibility testing may help monitor progression for people with ALS Approximately 31,000 people are living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the United States, with an average of 5,000 new cases every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Study debunks concerns about baby feeding methods What, and how, a baby is fed can weigh on a caregiver's mind. Thankfully, a University of Otago-led study has found two popular, but somewhat controversial, methods appear to have little significant impact on infants' appetite and weight.
	Road of recovery in gastrointestinal surgery: From ERAS to FRAS In the 1990s, Dr. Henrik Kehlet introduced the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), pioneering multimodal surgical care. Initially applied to patients undergoing colonic surgery, ERAS has also been dedicated to developing multimodal perioperative care to improve patients' recovery after major surgery through research, education, audit and implementation of evidence-based practice, aiming to close the "knowing-doing" gap.
	Sleep apnea patients can breathe easy about CPAP therapy, computer simulations suggest Using a computational model representing the full respiratory tract, researchers from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) have confirmed the safety of CPAP therapy, addressing concerns about potential damage to lung tissues due to high pressure or turbulent airflow.
	Intervention in Navajo Nation boosts uptake for heart failure drugs by 53% A team led by LDI senior fellow and Perelman School of Medicine faculty member Lauren Eberly at a Navajo Nation hospital in New Mexico has developed a simple intervention that increased the uptake of guideline-directed heart failure therapy drugs by 53%. Titled "Telephone-Based Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Optimization in Navajo Nation: The Hózhó Randomized Clinical Trial," the study is published in the April issue of JAMA Internal Medicine.
	Drive to be 'perfect' parent isn't healthy, survey finds Parents striving to be "perfect" will never attain that goal, and the aim isn't even healthy for their families, a new study says.
	There's a new set of COVID variants called FLiRT: what you need to know The virus behind COVID has mutated again, this time producing variants nicknamed FLiRT, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported.
	MRE-liver stiffness measure better for varices in NAFLD cirrhosis For patients with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compensated cirrhosis (CC), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is significantly higher than acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) for those with varices, according to a study published online April 23 in Abdominal Radiology.
	Trifarotene plus skin care beneficial for acne vulgaris Trifarotene plus skin care is beneficial for patients with moderate acne vulgaris (AV) and acne-induced hyperpigmentation (AIH), according to a study published online April 29 in the International Journal of Dermatology.
	Systemic antibiotics in first year of life tied to higher atopic dermatitis risk Systemic antibiotic exposure in the first year of life is associated with higher atopic dermatitis (AD) risk in a dose-response fashion, according to a study published online April 24 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
	Health risks of using cannabis are higher in adolescents than in adults, study finds Using cannabis on a regular basis may be significantly more dangerous for adolescents than adults, with adolescents showing higher levels of cannabis use disorder and reporting greater negative impacts on daily functioning than adults, in a new study led by the University of Bath in the UK.
	Study finds particulate siloxane and cigarette smoke organic aerosol in a gym environment A recent study led by Prof. Yele Sun from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences investigated the air quality in a basement gym. The study was published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters.
	Insights into insomnia: A comparison of self-reported data and primary care records in UK Biobank General population (GP) data can provide unique insights into common health conditions, new research looking at insomnia symptom prevalence in England has shown. The University of Bristol-led study, published in BMJ Open, also highlights the value of improving access to this data for future health research.
	Research provides tips to reduce children's lying Getting children to speak the truth can be a struggle at times. While a lie, when discovered, is often followed by a punishment, there's a more effective way to prevent future fibbing, says new Brock-led research.
	New research reports on financial entanglements between FDA chiefs and the drug industry An investigation published by The BMJ today raises concerns about financial entanglements between US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) chiefs and the drug and medical device companies they are responsible for regulating.
	Suspended UK climate activist physician will not stop protesting Last month, Dr. Sarah Benn became the first UK doctor to be suspended from the medical register after being convicted and jailed for actions relating to climate activism.
	How infections influence our social empathy When people are ill, they feel less empathy for others than when they are healthy. This has been confirmed by a study conducted by Ruhr University Bochum and the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
	Simulated high-altitude exposure for 24 hours is well tolerated despite single-ventricle physiology A long-haul flight or an overnight stay in the mountains: For many patients with a Fontan circulation (single-ventricle physiology), this was previously unimaginable, as there was insufficient medical research into how acute changes in altitude affect their cardiovascular system.
	Study shows frequent salting of food is linked with increased risk of stomach cancer In Asian countries, where high-salt foods are popular, the link between high salt consumption and stomach cancer has already been proven. A new long-term study by MedUni Vienna has now shown for the first time that this risk is also reflected in the cancer statistics in Europe.
	Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may increase women's risk for blood clots later in life South Carolina received a poor report card from the March of Dimes in 2023 because more of its mothers die due to pregnancy-related complications or childbirth than the national average. For every 100,000 births, there are 32.7 maternal deaths in South Carolina, versus 23.5 that occur in the nation.
	How did the early COVID-19 pandemic impact birth outcomes in Australia? New data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) explores outcomes of mothers and their babies during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
	Talking with a friend can ease the sting of being left out Small, simple forms of social connection—such as a conversation with a friend, or even just looking forward to one—can lessen the negative feelings and thoughts that come with being socially excluded, according to a new study by Cornell researchers.
	Unlocking consciousness: A new frontier in neuroscientific fusion In a recent paper published in the International Journal of Psychiatry Research, Dr. Gerard Marx from MX Biotech and Prof. Chaim Gilon from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem present an innovative integration of two notable neuroscience theories—the Global Neuronal Network (GNW) hypothesis and the Tripartite Mechanism of Memory.
	Eating disorder symptoms are surprisingly common in people with insulin-dependent diabetes According to a recent meta-analysis conducted at the University of Eastern Finland, 1 in 4 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes aged 16 years and older also exhibit some kind of eating disorder symptoms.
	Teens who view their homes as more chaotic than their siblings do have poorer mental health in adulthood Many parents ponder why one of their children seems more emotionally troubled than the others. A new study in the United Kingdom reveals a possible basis for those differences.
	Researchers develop falls prediction model using health records to predict patients' risk of falling in the UK Patients' risk of falling in the next 12 months could be predicted from their NHS data using a newly developed calculator.
	Researchers identify what drives PARP inhibitor resistance in advanced breast cancer Researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, have increased our understanding of how a cancer drug called a PARP inhibitor stops working in women with breast cancer that has spread. This research could ultimately help predict who's more likely to respond to these drugs, and could lead to more effective ways to treat the disease.
	Discovery of key target for precision pharmacology makes ideal candidate to treat heart failure Researchers at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy have discovered that when a higher amount of a protein called AKAP12 is present inside the heart, it speeds up the work of an enzyme called PDE8A and can accelerate cardiac dysfunction.
	Study shows how sepsis can affect vascular smooth muscle cells on an acute and long-term basis A recent study by University Medicine Halle shows how sepsis can lead to dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells. The researchers found that elevated lactate levels and acidosis, which can occur acutely during sepsis due to metabolic derailment, only have a disrupting effect in synergistic combination.
	Researchers say future is bright for treating substance abuse through mobile health technologies Despite the high prevalence of substance abuse and its often devastating outcomes, especially among disadvantaged populations, few Americans receive treatment for substance use disorders. However, the rise of mobile health technologies can make treatments more accessible.
	Almost 30% of children and adolescents experience pain in muscles, bones or ligaments, study shows Some 27% of Brazilian children and adolescents suffer from musculoskeletal pain of unspecified cause, according to a study reported in the Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. The problem is frequently underestimated by parents and health professionals, the authors of the article note, and an understanding of its true extent will contribute to better planning of public health policy regarding treatment of chronic pain in adults, the leading cause of disability in the world.
	About 90% of US adults are on the way to heart disease, study suggests Nine of 10 American adults are in the early, middle or late stages of a syndrome that leads to heart disease, a new report finds, and almost 10% have the disease already.
	Research team identifies four new genetic risk factors for multiple system atrophy In a study published in Neuron, researchers have identified four new genetic risk factors for multiple system atrophy (MSA), shedding light on this poorly understood disorder. The study, which involved collaboration from over 50 institutions worldwide, including the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), marks a significant step forward in the understanding of MSA.
	Diabetes in youth may increase risk for neurodegenerative disease, like Alzheimer's disease, later in life Young people with diabetes may have a significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease later in life, according to a new study by researchers in the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
	Early onset bowel cancer cases increasing in New Zealand There's a fresh call for a lowering of the bowel cancer screening age in Aotearoa New Zealand, in the wake of new University of Otago, Christchurch research showing an alarming rise in colorectal cancer rates in younger New Zealanders—especially Māori.
	California is investing $500M in therapy apps for youth: Advocates fear it won't pay off With little pomp, California launched two apps at the start of the year offering free behavioral health services to youths to help them cope with everything from living with anxiety to body acceptance.
	Future pandemics will have same human causes as ancient outbreaks—lessons from anthropology can prevent them The last pandemic was bad, but COVID-19 is only one of many infectious diseases that emerged since the turn of this century.
	Potential causal effect of long-term PM₁ exposure on hypertension hospitalization Hypertension is among the leading cardiovascular diseases. Despite extensive research, evidence concerning the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and hypertension remains limited and inconsistent, particularly with regard to submicron particulate matter (PM1).
	Video: Advances in minimally invasive kidney stone surgery Most small kidney stones can pass on their own. However, kidney stones that are too large to pass on their own or cause bleeding, kidney damage or ongoing urinary tract infections may require surgical treatment. In this Mayo Clinic Minute, Dr. Aaron Potretzke, a Mayo Clinic urologist, explains some of the different surgical options for removing kidney stones.
	New guidelines for depression care emphasize patient-centered approach in Canada Psychiatrists and mental health professionals have a new standard for managing major depression, thanks to refreshed clinical guidelines published today by the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT).
	Team systematically modifies glyceraldehyde derivative JX22 for improved anti-heart failure efficacy and safety Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are a class of glucose-lowering drugs known for robust cardiovascular protective properties. However, the side effects induced by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition limit application in cardiovascular medicine.
	Power imbalances and hierarchy prevent doctors from working effectively in teams, research shows Doctors under pressure are being prevented from working effectively in teams by power imbalances and negative hierarchies, a new study has found.
	Q&A: Bird flu has spread to cows in Colorado. Is avian influenza a threat? The bird flu has arrived in Colorado, and while it doesn't represent anywhere near the threat that COVID-19 did at the beginning of the pandemic, people should take some precautions with animals that could carry it, experts say.

Other Sciences news

	The spread of misinformation varies by topic and by country in Europe, study finds The eventual prevalence of a piece of misinformation may depend on its topic and the country in which it spreads, with notable differences between the UK, Germany, France and Italy, according to a study published May 8 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Fabiana Zollo from the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy, and colleagues. This finding suggests that policies to combat misinformation and polarization may need to be context-specific in order to be effective, the authors say.
	Why are algorithms called algorithms? A brief history of the Persian polymath you've likely never heard of Algorithms have become integral to our lives. From social media apps to Netflix, algorithms learn your preferences and prioritize the content you are shown. Google Maps and artificial intelligence are nothing without algorithms.
	How to tell if a conspiracy theory is probably false Conspiracy theories are everywhere, and they can involve just about anything.
	Most Gypsy and Traveler sites in Great Britain are located within 100 meters of major pollutants, shows research Gypsy and Traveler communities are among the more socially excluded groups in the UK. There is a long history of government failures in meeting these groups' housing needs.
	Water cremation: What are the benefits of this sustainable form of body disposal? Already a popular option in the U.S., and famously chosen by Archbishop Desmond Tutu who died in 2021, alkaline hydrolysis—a sustainable method of disposing the body after death—is set to be regulated in Scotland.
	Can science explain why couples break up? The mathematical anatomy of a fall French director Justine Triet's "Anatomy of a Fall," winner of the 2023 Oscar for best original script, reconstructs a fatal fall in order to dissect the collapse of the romantic relationship between the film's leading couple, Sandra Voyter and Samuel Maleski.
	Disadvantaged entrepreneurs often fear success, but new research can help When low-income entrepreneurs start their own businesses, they frequently fear failure—a well-documented phenomenon. But over time, they may also fear success, given the costs and unknowns it can bring, and this barrier to growth is under-studied and underappreciated.
	Few tenure-track jobs for engineering Ph.D.s, study finds A study finds that most engineering Ph.D. graduates will never secure a tenure-track faculty position. Over the past 50 years, the number of full-time faculty positions in US universities has steadily declined while production of science and engineering Ph.D. graduates has nearly doubled.
	Using AI to predict grade point average from college application essays Jonah Berger and Olivier Toubia used natural language processing to understand what drives academic success. The authors analyzed over 20,000 college application essays from a large public university that attracts students from a range of racial, cultural, and economic backgrounds and found that the semantic volume of the writing, or how much ground an application essay covered predicted college performance, as measured by grade point average.
	Researchers search for solutions to construct a comprehensive workforce At the perimeter of any construction site, you will find large fences designed to keep construction materials in and danger out. But those aren't the barriers that keep more people from joining the construction workforce.
	The top 10% are the main beneficiaries of globalization, says study The income of many people around the world has considerably increased due to the economic globalization of the last 50 years. However, these income gains are unevenly distributed. A study by Dr. Valentin Lang, junior professor of political economy at the University of Mannheim, and his co-author Marina M. Tavares of the International Monetary Fund shows that the top 10% of the national income distributions, in particular, have benefited from this development.
	An analysis of security in relation to the values of well-being, freedom and equality Security seems to most people a basic necessity of life, a prerequisite for a good life. But if you think about it a little longer and more deeply, as political philosopher Josette Daemen has done, you realize that security sometimes comes at the expense of other important goods, such as freedom and equality.
	Compassion doesn't help all couples, finds study More compassion = a better relationship. This is an obvious rule of thumb for couples. But it doesn't apply to everyone, as a study shows. Some people prefer to do without it.
	Consumers report significant rise in diet satisfaction since January The share of consumers who indicated they are either "rather happy" or "very happy" with their diets rose from 81% in January 2024 to 87% last month, according to the April 2024 Consumer Food Insights Report. This surprising finding follows extensive media attention devoted to issues like food inflation in recent months, the report's authors noted.
	When choosing co-founders, entrepreneurs have a gender gap One of the most important decisions an entrepreneur can make when launching a business is choosing the right co-founder. Should compatible personalities guide the choice? Or should the priority be someone who brings resources to the startup? How do entrepreneurs make this decision if they must choose between these two options?
	Study exposes alarming risks to Scotland's food delivery couriers A new study highlighting the risks encountered by food delivery couriers reveals a majority feel 'unsafe' when at work with every woman surveyed having experienced sexual harassment or abuse.
	Rising knife crime in London is linked to austerity cuts to youth services—here's the evidence New data released by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) shows knife and gun crime in London rose sharply in the 12 months before December 2023.

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