Science X Newsletter Fri, May 3

Dear ,

Be an ACS Industry Insider: https://solutions.acs.org/industryinsider/

Sign-up and get free, monthly access to articles that cover exciting, cutting edge discoveries in Energy, Environmental Science and Agriculture.

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for May 3, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

The BREAD Collaboration is searching for dark photons using a coaxial dish antenna
Astronomers inspect population of young stellar objects in open cluster NGC 346
Lego-pushing bumblebees reveal insect collaboration dynamics
Research quantifies 'gap' in carbon removal for first time—shows countries need more awareness, ambition and action
Research shows bumblebee nests are overheating due to climate change, threatening future populations
China sends a probe to get samples from the less-explored far side of the moon
People with gas and propane stoves breathe more unhealthy nitrogen dioxide, study finds
Placenta map reveals source of pregnancy complications from infections
New study is first to use statistical physics to corroborate 1940s social balance theory
In medieval England, leprosy spread between red squirrels and people, genome evidence shows
Stony coral tissue loss disease is shifting the ecological balance of Caribbean reefs
Combined therapy makes headway for liver cancer
Genetics, not lack of oxygen, causes cerebral palsy in quarter of cases: Study
Leprosy drug may be effective in Huntington's disease, study suggests
New mirror that can be flexibly shaped improves X-ray microscopes

Nanotechnology news

	Vortex fluidic device can speed artificial liposome production to aid drug functionality The expansion of clean chemistry applications for the vortex fluidic device (VFD)—invented by Flinders University's Professor Colin Raston—continues with the successful rapid and simplified production of artificial liposomes that could help transform medical drug functionality.
	Nanostructured copper surface shows potential for transparent, antimicrobial surfaces in touch displays The interest in antimicrobial solutions for personal and multi-user touch screens, such as tablets and mobile devices, has grown in recent years. Traditional methods like sprayable alcohols or wipes are not ideal for these delicate displays. Antimicrobial coatings applied directly to the glass are a promising alternative, but only if they are transparent and long-lasting.
	Tweaking isotopes sheds light on promising approach to engineer semiconductors Research led by scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated that small changes in the isotopic content of thin semiconductor materials can influence their optical and electronic properties, possibly opening the way to new and advanced designs with the semiconductors.
	Aligned peptide 'noodles' could enable lab-grown biological tissues A team of chemists and bioengineers at Rice University and the University of Houston have achieved a significant milestone in their work to create a biomaterial that can be used to grow biological tissues outside the human body.

Physics news

	The BREAD Collaboration is searching for dark photons using a coaxial dish antenna Approximately 80% of the matter in the universe is predicted to be so-called "dark matter," which does not emit, reflect, or absorb light and thus cannot be directly detected using conventional experimental techniques.
	New mirror that can be flexibly shaped improves X-ray microscopes A team of researchers in Japan has engineered a mirror for X-rays that can be flexibly shaped, resulting in remarkable precision at the atomic level and increased stability.
	Physicists pioneer new quantum sensing platform Quantum sensors detect the smallest of environmental changes—for example, an atom reacting to a magnetic field. As these sensors "read" the unique behaviors of subatomic particles, they also dramatically improve scientists' ability to measure and detect changes in our wider environment.
	Physicists create an optical tweezer array of individual polyatomic molecules for the first time A team of physicists at Harvard University has succeeded in trapping individual polyatomic molecules in optical tweezer arrays for the first time. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the group describes how they achieved their feat and the possible uses for it. A Research Briefing also describes their work in the same journal issue.

Earth news

	Research quantifies 'gap' in carbon removal for first time—shows countries need more awareness, ambition and action New research involving the University of East Anglia (UEA) suggests that countries' current plans to remove CO2 from the atmosphere will not be enough to comply with the 1.5ºC warming limit set out under the Paris Agreement.
	Lake tsunamis pose significant threat under warming climate Cowee Creek, Brabazon Range, Upper Pederson Lagoon—they mark the sites of recent lake tsunamis, a phenomenon that is increasingly common in Alaska, British Columbia and other regions with mountain glaciers.
	New Nevada experiments aim to improve monitoring of nuclear explosions On an October morning in 2023, a chemical explosion detonated in a tunnel under the Nevada desert was the launch of the next set of experiments by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the goal to improve detection of low-yield nuclear explosions around the world.
	How mantle movements shape Earth's surface The movement of tectonic plates shapes the rocky features of Earth's surface. Plates' convergence can form mountain ranges or ocean trenches, and their divergence can form oceanic ridges. But it's not just the plates themselves that influence Earth's topography. The mantle layer underneath exerts its own subtle influence, which can be seen even in places located far from tectonic plate edges, and is referred to as residual topography.
	Demystifying the complex nature of Arctic clouds With dancing ribbons of light visible in the sky, a team of researchers flew on a series of scenic and sometimes stormy flights into the cold unknown, trying to learn more about why one of the most frigid places on Earth is warming at a feverish pace.
	Lahar detection system upgraded for Mount Rainier In the shadow of Washington State's Mount Rainier, about 90,000 people live in the path of a potential large lahar—a destructive, fluid and fast-moving debris flow associated with volcanic slopes.
	Climate change threatens mountain meadows by reducing humus content, finds study Mountain meadows are unique ecosystems. A research team led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has now discovered that climate change reduces the humus content as well as the nitrogen stores in the grassland soils of the Alps and disturbs the soil structure. Organic fertilization, for example with liquid manure, can compensate this loss of soil organic matter to some extent.
	Uncovering the reasons behind the rapid warming of the North Pole The North Pole region heats up faster than the rest of the world. Though this is a known fact, climate models underestimate the speed with which the region warms up. Sjoert Barten obtained his PhD on this subject at Wageningen University & Research on 26 April and shares his insights.
	New research investigates how climate change amplifies severity of combined wind-rain extremes over the UK and Ireland Climate change will cause an increase in extreme winter storms combining strong winds and heavy rainfall over the UK and Ireland, new research has shown.
	Ice shelves fracture under weight of meltwater lakes, study shows When air temperatures in Antarctica rise and glacier ice melts, water can pool on the surface of floating ice shelves, weighing them down and causing the ice to bend. Now, for the first time in the field, researchers have shown that ice shelves don't just buckle under the weight of meltwater lakes—they fracture.
	Sister cities can help communities better navigate the climate crisis, research suggests Anthropologists at Rice University suggest in a new study that establishing networks of 'sister cities' dedicated to addressing the impact of natural disasters can mitigate the devastation wrought by climate change.
	Kenya floods death toll tops 200 as cyclone approaches The death toll from flood-related incidents in Kenya has crossed 200 since March, the interior ministry said Friday, as a cyclone barrelled towards the Tanzanian coast.
	Kenya on alert as it braces for first-ever cyclone Kenyan President William Ruto put the flood-ravaged country on high alert on Friday and postponed the reopening of schools indefinitely as the nation braced for its first-ever cyclone.
	Nepal court orders limit on Everest climbing permits Nepal's Supreme Court has ordered the government to limit the number of mountaineering permits issued for Everest and other peaks, a lawyer confirmed Friday, just as expeditions prepare for the spring climbing season.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers inspect population of young stellar objects in open cluster NGC 346 Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), an international team of astronomers has explored young stellar objects (YSOs) in an open cluster known as NGC 346. The study, published April 24 on the preprint server arXiv, yields crucial information about the properties of YSO population in this cluster.
	China sends a probe to get samples from the less-explored far side of the moon China on Friday launched a lunar probe to land on the far side of the moon and return with samples that could provide insights into differences between the less-explored region and the better-known near side.
	The Eta Aquarid meteor shower, debris of Halley's comet, peaks this weekend. Here's how to see it The Eta Aquarid meteor shower, remnants of Halley's comet, peaks this weekend. And with just a waning crescent moon in the sky, it should be visible.
	Hungry, hungry white dwarfs: Solving the puzzle of stellar metal pollution Dead stars known as white dwarfs, have a mass like the sun while being similar in size to Earth. They are common in our galaxy, as 97% of stars are white dwarfs. As stars reach the end of their lives, their cores collapse into the dense ball of a white dwarf, making our galaxy seem like an ethereal graveyard.
	What can AI learn about the universe? Artificial intelligence and machine learning have become ubiquitous, with applications ranging from data analysis, cybersecurity, pharmaceutical development, music composition, and artistic renderings.
	Making sure ESA's cloud and aerosol satellite is aerosol-free A few weeks ago, a team of engineers carefully extracted ESA's EarthCARE satellite from its protective transport container, initiating a meticulous process of inspection, testing and preparation for its liftoff later this month from the Vandenberg launch site in California.
	Ariane 6 launches: Exolaunch's EXOpod Nova Europe's newest rocket soon launches, taking with it many space missions each with a unique objective, destination and team at home, cheering them on. Whether launching new satellites to look back and study Earth, peer out to deep space or test important new technologies in orbit, Ariane 6's first flight will showcase the versatility and flexibility of this impressive, heavy-lift launcher. Read on for all about EXOpod Nova, then see who else is flying first.
	Earth from space: Namibian landforms This image may resemble the surface of Mars, but it was actually captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission, revealing the stunning terrain of northwest Namibia.
	Solar orbiter takes a mind-boggling video of the sun You've seen the sun, but you've never seen the sun like this. This single frame from a video captured by ESA's Solar Orbiter mission shows the sun looking very fluffy! You can see feathery, hair-like structures made of plasma following magnetic field lines in the sun's lower atmosphere as it transitions into the much hotter outer corona. The video was taken from about a third of the distance between the Earth and the sun.

Technology news

	SK Hynix says high-end AI memory chips almost sold out through 2025 South Korean semiconductor giant SK Hynix said Friday its entire 2024 production of high-end memory chips was sold out and most of next year's line was gone too, reflecting the huge demand for cutting-edge AI hardware.
	Apple profit ebbs as iPhone sales under pressure Apple on Thursday said its quarterly profit ebbed but topped market forecasts as it announced an unprecedented $110 billion share buyback.
	Heat wave swells Asia's appetite for air-conditioning A record-breaking heat wave is broiling parts of Asia, helping drive surging demand for cooling options, including air-conditioning.
	Refined AI approach improves noninvasive brain-computer interface performance Pursuing a viable alternative to invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) has been a continued research focus of Carnegie Mellon University's He Lab. In 2019, the group used a noninvasive BCI to successfully demonstrate, for the first time, that a mind-controlled robotic arm had the ability to continuously track and follow a computer cursor.
	Tidal energy is coming to Alaska. But how much? Much of Alaska is empty—of humans, at least. Vast tundra and forest separate cities and villages, dividing the state into more than 150 isolated power grids. The largest of these grids, known as the Railbelt, carries 70% of the state's electrical energy to about three-quarters of its population. Today, that grid runs mostly on natural gas.
	All the right moves in martial arts: Researchers develop system to quickly identify errors and improve form Research in the International Journal of Biometrics introduces a new method for assessing a practitioner's precision in martial arts training. The method focuses on quickly identifying errors in the athlete's movements and allowing their trainer to more precisely guide them to correct form.
	Charting a cost-efficient path to a renewable energy grid for Australia A model charts the most cost-efficient path to a fully renewable electricity grid for Australia.
	Israel builds 'cyber dome' against Iran's hackers Israel's Iron Dome defense system has long shielded it from incoming rockets. Now it is building a "cyber dome" to defend against online attacks, especially from arch foe Iran.
	French lawmakers sound alarm over alleged Chinese hacking A group of French parliamentarians has sounded the alarm over what they say is an inadequate government response to cyberattacks targeting their computers and attributed to China.

Chemistry news

	Cold sintering may rescue plastic, ceramics, battery components from landfills Recycling does not necessarily prevent an item from eventually ending up in a landfill, according to Enrique Gomez, interim associate dean for equity and inclusion and professor of chemical engineering in the Penn State College of Engineering. Instead, recycling simply delays its end of life. Plastic bottles that are recycled and then turned into carpet, for example, eventually end up in the landfill when the carpet gets worn out and is thrown away.
	Novel chemical tool for understanding membrane remodeling in the cell In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Umeå researchers describe a natural product-like molecule, Tantalosin, that inhibits interaction between two proteins in complexes that reshape membranes inside the cell.
	Chemist explores the real-world science of Star Wars A professor at the University of Warwick is exploring the chemistry of the galaxy far, far away this Star Wars Day, May the 4th.
	Scientists show how to treat burns with an environmentally friendly plant-based bandage The Smart Materials research group, coordinated by Athanassia Athanassiou at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (Italian Institute of Technology), has developed a biocompatible bandage made of plant-based materials that, loaded with vitamin C, can accelerate the healing process of burn wounds.
	Functionalized chitosan as a biobased flocculant for the treatment of complex wastewater Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB have developed a biobased and functionalized flocculant to efficiently treat complex wastewaters. Furthermore, toxic phenols are removed from the water by the enzyme laccase in a chitosan matrix. The functionalized and degradable flocculant LaChiPur will be presented for the first time at the IFAT in Munich held May 13–17, 2024.

Biology news

	Lego-pushing bumblebees reveal insect collaboration dynamics A new study reveals that cooperation by bumblebees isn't simply a result of accumulated individual efforts. Rather, these miniature-brained creatures are not just hard-working pollinators, but also show signs of being master collaborators.
	Research shows bumblebee nests are overheating due to climate change, threatening future populations As a result of the climate crisis, global warming is driving up temperatures around the world—and bumblebees, like humans, are struggling to cope with homes that can't beat the heat.
	Stony coral tissue loss disease is shifting the ecological balance of Caribbean reefs The outbreak of a deadly disease called stony coral tissue loss disease is destroying susceptible species of coral in the Caribbean while helping other, "weedier" organisms thrive—at least for now—according to a new study published in Science Advances.
	'Degree of Kevin Bacon' gene provides possible basis for central players in group connectedness A team of biologists and geneticists at the University of Toronto at Mississauga has found a possible genetic basis for a central player in group connectedness. In their study, published in the journal Nature Communications, the group conducted genetic experiments with fruit flies.
	Researchers determine large numbers of wild mountain goats are killed every year by avalanches A multi-institutional team of animal behaviorists, snow impact specialists and biologists from Alaska, Montana, Switzerland and Canada has found that large numbers of wild mountain goats die every year in Alaska due to avalanches. For their study, the group tagged hundreds of wild mountain goats over 17 years across Alaska. Their findings are published in the journal Communications Biology.
	New discovery of a mechanism that controls cell division Researchers at Umeå University, Sweden, have discovered that how a special protein complex called the Mediator moves along genes in DNA may have an impact on how cells divide. The discovery may be important for future research into the treatment of certain diseases. The study is published in Nucleic Acids Research.
	Study finds microbiome changes dynamically and favors important host-relevant functions All multicellular organisms—from the simplest animal and plant organisms to humans—live in close association with a multitude of microorganisms, the so-called microbiome, which colonize their tissues and live in symbiotic relationships with the host.
	Novel triple drug combination effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria Scientists at the Ineos Oxford Institute (IOI) have found a new potential combination therapy to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by targeting two key bacterial enzymes involved in resistance. The study, "The Triple Combination of Meropenem, Avibactam, and a Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Optimizes Antibacterial Coverage Against Different β-Lactamase Producers," has been published in Engineering.
	Male or female? Scientists discover the genetic mechanism that determines sex development in butterflies Scientists of the Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with University of Liverpool have found the genetic mechanism that determines whether individuals of the butterfly species Bicyclus anynana become male or female.
	Research discovers plants utilize drought stress hormone to block snacking spider mites Recent findings that plants employ a drought-survival mechanism to also defend against nutrient-sucking pests could inform future crop breeding programs aimed at achieving better broadscale pest control.
	Rising mercury levels may contribute to declining Steller sea lion populations A team of researchers from Texas A&M University and other institutions has made a surprising discovery about rising mercury levels in Steller sea lion pups that may have detrimental effects on the endangered species.
	How E. coli get the power to cause urinary tract infections Through a quirk of anatomy, women are especially prone to urinary tract infections, with almost half dealing with one at some point in their lives.
	Researchers develop 'founding document' on synthetic cell development Cells are the fundamental units of life, forming the variety of all living things on Earth as individual cells and multicellular organisms. To better understand how cells perform the essential functions of life, scientists have begun developing synthetic cells—non-living bits of cellular biochemistry wrapped in a membrane that mimic specific biological processes.
	Hadeda ibises' 'sixth sense' works best in wet soil: New research is a wake-up call for survival of wading birds Hadeda ibises (Bostrychia hagedash) are one of the most familiar species of birds across sub-Saharan Africa. They are large, long-legged birds with long, thin beaks for probing invertebrates out of soil, and though they appear dull brown at a glance, they actually have beautiful iridescent feathers on their wings. But they are best known for their loud, laughing calls, which often ring out early in the morning, winning them the title of "African alarm clocks."
	NOAA reports continued drop in overfishing In a report released May 2, NOAA Fisheries announced that 2023 saw a record low for the number of fish stocks subject to overfishing. The annual "Status of the Stocks" report is an assessment of the 506 stocks and stock complexes managed by NOAA Fisheries, and provides a look at the overall health of fisheries in the U.S.
	NASA is helping protect tigers, jaguars, and elephants—here's how As human populations grow, habitat loss threatens many creatures. Mapping wildlife habitat using satellites is a rapidly expanding area of ecology, and NASA satellites play a crucial role in these efforts. Tigers, jaguars, and elephants are a few of the vulnerable animals whose habitats NASA is helping track from space.
	Contemporary wildfires not more severe than historically in western US dry forests: Study Wildfires have increased over the last few decades in dry forests, which cover 25.5 million ha (63 million acres) of the western U.S. But are high-severity fires that kill 70% or more of trees already burning at rates that exceed historical (preindustrial) rates?

Medicine and Health news

	People with gas and propane stoves breathe more unhealthy nitrogen dioxide, study finds A study of air pollution in U.S. homes found that households with gas or propane stoves regularly breathe unhealthy levels of nitrogen dioxide.
	Placenta map reveals source of pregnancy complications from infections The first panoramic view of infection pathways in the human placenta has been created, which could highlight potential drug targets to develop pregnancy-safe therapies for malaria, toxoplasmosis and listeria, all diseases that can cause severe pregnancy complications.
	Combined therapy makes headway for liver cancer A drug that targets a protein known as phosphatidylserine boosted the response rate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving immunotherapy without compromising their safety, according to results of a phase two clinical trial conducted by UT Southwestern Medical Center.
	Genetics, not lack of oxygen, causes cerebral palsy in quarter of cases: Study The world's largest study of cerebral palsy (CP) genetics has discovered genetic defects are most likely responsible for more than a quarter of cases in Chinese children, rather than a lack of oxygen at birth as previously thought.
	Leprosy drug may be effective in Huntington's disease, study suggests A preclinical study from Karolinska Institutet offers hope for treating severe neurodegenerative diseases with an existing drug. The study suggests that the leprosy drug clofazimine may be effective in the treatment of Huntington's disease.
	Researchers find unexpected link between essential fats and insulin aggregation Scientists within Texas A&M AgriLife Research have discovered a surprising connection between certain fatty acids and insulin when mixed in solution. Their study, published in ACS Chemical Neuroscience, showed the presence of fats led insulin to clump together and form toxic aggregates.
	Real-time MRI reveals the movement dynamics of stuttering Researchers at the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) and the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI-NAT) have succeeded in visualizing the movement patterns of the internal speech muscles of a stuttering patient using real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
	Birds overcome brain damage to sing again Every year, more than 795,000 people experience a stroke, often resulting in brain damage that impairs their ability to speak, walk, or perform tasks. Fortunately, in many cases, these abilities can be regained through physical therapy. With practice, our brains have remarkable abilities to rewire and repair themselves after damage.
	Newly discovered mechanism of T-cell control can interfere with cancer immunotherapies Activated T cells that carry a certain marker protein on their surface are controlled by natural killer (NK) cells, another cell type of the immune system. In this way, the body presumably curbs destructive immune reactions.
	Study reveals how COVID-19 vaccines prevent severe disease A study by scientists at the University of Oxford, has unveiled crucial insights into the way that COVID-19 vaccines mitigate severe illness in those who have been vaccinated.
	Lymphocytes recruit the immune system to fight most aggressive breast cancer, study confirms Researchers at the UAB and the Hospital del Mar Research Institute have confirmed that patients with the presence of NK lymphocytes around tumors have a better response to treatment. This confirms the feasibility of using cytokines secreted by NK cells as markers of response to treatment with a simple blood test and supports the use of these lymphocytes to reinforce treatment in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.
	New research finds resident-to-resident aggression common in assisted living One in six residents of assisted living facilities is subject to verbal, physical or other aggression by fellow residents in a typical month, and those suffering from dementia are most at risk, new research finds in the first large-scale study of the phenomenon.
	Largest quantitative synthesis to date reveals what predicts human behavior and how to change it Pandemics, global warming, and rampant gun violence are all clear lessons in the need to move large groups of people to change their behavior. When a crisis hits, researchers, policymakers, health officials, and community leaders have to know how best to encourage people to change en masse and quickly.
	Pan-cancer analysis uncovers a new class of promising CAR T–cell immunotherapy targets Targeting anti-cancer therapy to affect cancer cells but not healthy cells is challenging. For chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T–cell immunotherapy, where a patient's own immune cells are re-engineered to attack cancer cells, many solid and brain cancers lack an effective target.
	Scientists discover new immunosuppressive mechanism in brain cancer The Wistar Institute assistant professor Filippo Veglia, Ph.D., and team, have discovered a key mechanism of how glioblastoma—a serious and often fatal brain cancer—suppresses the immune system so that the tumor can grow unimpeded by the body's defenses.
	A common type of fiber may trigger bowel inflammation Inulin, a type of fiber found in certain plant-based foods and fiber supplements, causes inflammation in the gut and exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease in a preclinical model, according to a new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators. The surprising findings could pave the way for therapeutic diets that may help ease symptoms and promote gut health.
	Researchers discover compounds produced by gut bacteria that can treat inflammation Researchers at the University of Toronto have found naturally occurring compounds in the gut that can be harnessed to reduce inflammation and other symptoms of digestive issues. This can be achieved by binding the compounds to an important, but poorly understood, nuclear receptor.
	Longer use of breathing device supports lung growth in preterm infants, research finds Extending the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in premature infants by two weeks significantly increases lung volume and lung diffusion capacity, according to a new study. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Study find newborn umbilical cord procedure safe for long-term neurodevelopment in children An alternative method of transferring blood cells to weakened newborns through their umbilical cord does not carry long-term neurodevelopmental risks compared to standard practice, a recent study found. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Eye ultrasounds may assist with detecting brain shunt failure in children Use of an eye ultrasound may quickly and safely identify children with brain drainage tube failure in the emergency department, according to a new study. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Study: Children with hypertension at higher long-term risk for serious heart conditions Youth with high blood pressure are nearly four times more likely to be at long-term risk of serious heart conditions including stroke and heart attack, according to a new study. The research, led by McMaster University, will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Rural children struggle to access hospital services, say researchers Children in rural areas were more than six times as likely to check into a hospital without pediatric services compared to children in urban areas, a new study found. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	New approach to equitable social care connects pediatric caregivers to resources without screening Health care providers can more effectively connect parents and other caregivers of children to needed social resources when they present a menu of options rather than using standard screening tools, a recent study found. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Childcare is unaffordable for US medical residents, national study finds Resident physicians at more than 98% of U.S. training programs aren't paid enough to afford childcare, according to a new national study. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Multicomponent intravenous lipid emulsion found to improve brain development in preterm infants Preterm infants supported with a multicomponent intravenous lipid emulsion saw improved brain development compared to those given a single-fat source, a new study finds. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Rotavirus vaccinations in NICU pose minimal risk, finds study Rotavirus vaccines do not cause significant outbreaks of the disease in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), according to a new national study. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	ChatGPT found to display lower concern for child development 'warning signs' than physicians Artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT displayed lower concern than physicians in 36% of potential developmental delays, according to a new study. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Long COVID symptoms in children can vary by age Symptoms associated with Long COVID in children differ based on the child's age, according to a nationwide, multi-site study. The research will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 2–6 in Toronto.
	Catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy system demonstrates safety and effectiveness in pulmonary embolism patients New data from the Acute Pulmonary Embolism Extraction Trial with the AlphaVac System (APEX-AX) demonstrated that catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy is safe and effective in patients with acute intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) with significant improvement in the right ventricle (RV) function and minimal major adverse events.
	Novel thrombectomy system demonstrates positive safety and feasibility results in treating acute pulmonary embolism Late-breaking data from the ENGULF trial showed that a novel dual-action thrombectomy device was effective and safe in treating acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The safety and effectiveness results were presented at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 2024 Scientific Sessions and simultaneously published in JSCAI.
	Biomimetic transcatheter aortic heart valve offers new option for aortic stenosis patients Recent findings from a study on a transcatheter heart valve (THV) system, which includes a new class of transcatheter aortic valve, showed positive results in the device's ability to function as a healthy and natural aortic valve in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). The late-breaking data was presented at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 2024 Scientific Sessions.
	SMART trial reaffirms hemodynamic superiority of TAVR self-expanding valve Additional analysis from the SMall Annuli Randomized To Evolut or SAPIEN (SMART) study demonstrated clinical non-inferiority of self-expanding valves (SEV) versus balloon-expandable valves (BEV) in aortic stenosis patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and confirmed valve performance superiority over time based on hemodynamics.
	Pilot program improves well-being of families during advanced care planning Children with life-limiting rare diseases and their caregivers face tremendous stress and anxiety about the heart-breaking decisions before them. A new intervention—designed at Children's National Hospital to support the palliative needs of these families—improved their spiritual and emotional well-being, according to research published in the journal, Pediatrics.
	Studies highlight need for tailored treatment options for women with peripheral artery disease New clinical results highlight the need for inclusive approaches and comprehensive examinations of treatment options for peripheral artery disease (PAD), including endovascular therapy and revascularization. The data were presented at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 2024 Scientific Sessions.
	Researchers develop new technique for breath analysis to monitor young patient health status Researchers are using breath analysis to monitor patients' health status in real time and check levels of certain medicines. Scientists from the University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) have developed a technique that enables them to measure certain parameters from the breath exhaled by their young patients. Their results have been published in Frontiers in Endocrinology.
	Q&A: Pandemic policies linked to overdose spike Drug overdose rates skyrocketed in the United States during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 92,000 people died due to overdose in 2020. Public health experts worried early in the pandemic that lockdowns and other measures to control the spread of the virus could lead to more overdoses.
	Study challenges one-size-fits-all approach to vitamin D supplementation guidelines A recent study from Trinity College Dublin scientists, sheds light on the complexities of achieving optimal vitamin D status across diverse populations. Despite substantial research on the determinants of vitamin D, levels of vitamin D deficiency remain high.
	The current state of female representation in the facial plastic and reconstructive surgery field A new study presents data reflecting the current state of female representation within the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS). The study is published in Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine.
	Gene expression and bioinformatics tools to optimize cancer therapy In the field of biomedical research and genomics, the advancement of bioinformatics technologies and tools is opening new frontiers in the understanding of diseases and their diagnosis and treatment. In particular, differential gene expression analysis (DGE) is emerging as a crucial technique to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases.
	Insomnia medication shows promise in treatment for alcohol use disorder Researchers are recommending full-scale human trials after an insomnia drug helped a man withdraw from his 16 drinks-a-day addiction.
	Study shows extending interval between colonoscopies feasible after negative result For individuals without a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC), increasing the interval between colonoscopies for those with a first colonoscopy with negative findings seems safe and can avoid unnecessary colonoscopies, according to a study published online May 2 in JAMA Oncology.
	Doctors describe Texas dairy farm worker's case of bird flu Doctors in Texas are describing the only known human case of H5N1 avian flu connected to the ongoing outbreak of the disease in dairy cows.
	Exploring how brain chemistry influences formation of political opinions Researchers are exploring a new theory on how the chemistry of the brain causes people to form political opinions. James Cook University neuroscientist Professor Zoltan Sarnyai was part of an international team exploring the threat-based neural switch theory, which they hope will calm the political landscape and help people make more considered judgments.
	How music affects the cognitive health of older adults Listening to music benefits older adults' cognitive health, even if it's music they haven't heard before or don't enjoy very much, according to a study by Simon Fraser University and Health Research BC researchers.
	More than half of older adults with intellectual disability take psychotropic medicines, shows study The Examining Quality, Use and Impact of Psychotropic (Use) in older adults with intellectual disabilities (EQUIP) study, has revealed that more than half of older adults with intellectual disability take psychotropic medicines, including antipsychotics and antidepressants used to treat mental illness.
	Women and Black patients less likely to receive catheter-based treatment for pulmonary embolism New data from the REAL-PE analysis investigated catheter-based pulmonary embolism (PE) treatment, showing women and Black people were less frequently treated with minimally invasive therapy compared to men or non-Black patients. The late-breaking results were presented today at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 2024 Scientific Sessions.
	Mental health first-aid training may enhance mental health support in prison settings According to Rutgers Health researchers, training correctional officers in Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) for adults, a 7.5-hour national education program from the National Council of Mental Wellbeing, may help provide them with the necessary skills to effectively identify signs and symptoms of mental distress and advocate for incarcerated individuals facing mental health crises.
	Birdwatching can help students improve mental health, reduce distress For college students seeking to improve their mental health, a potential answer may be right outside their window: birdwatching.
	Study shows ChatGPT can be helpful for Black women's self-education about HIV, PrEP The artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot called ChatGPT is a powerful way for Black women to educate themselves about HIV prevention, as it provides reliable and culturally sensitive information, according to a study in The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.
	The key role of Galectin-3 in brain tumor development A research group at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the University of Seville has made a significant advance by discovering the crucial role of the protein Galectin-3 in the progression of various types of brain tumors.
	Competition from 'skinny label' generics saved medicare billions, according to report An analysis of 15 name-brand drugs and their "skinny label" generic counterparts found that competition from these counterparts saved Medicare Part D nearly $15 billion from 2015 to 2021. Skinny labeling allows generic drug manufacturers to exclude labeling information that remains patent-protected by the brand name manufacturer.
	How cancer cells harness energy to drive disease progression Researchers have revealed crucial insights into how the Warburg effect causes the dedifferentiation of cancer cells through epigenetic reprogramming. This discovery potentially opens up new avenues for cancer treatments that target cellular metabolism.
	Drug targeting RNA modifications shows promise for treating neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma is a common pediatric cancer that originates in developing nerve cells outside the brain. While increasingly intensive treatments have improved the survival of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, currently more than 40% of patients do not survive.
	New approach for developing cancer vaccines could make immunotherapies more effective in acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer that forms in the soft marrow of the bones, typically attacking cells that would otherwise form the key component of the body's immunodefense system, white blood cells.
	Despite a 10-fold increase in ADHD prescriptions, too many New Zealanders are still going without The number of people accessing medication for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Aotearoa New Zealand increased significantly between 2006 and 2022. But the disorder is still underdiagnosed and under-treated compared to global ADHD prevalence estimates.
	Study shows high rates of hip osteoarthritis among older adults with spinal deformity One-third of patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) also have severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip—which is associated with worse spinal alignment and physical functioning, reports a study in the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.
	New study shows NHS digital weight management program is effective at achieving clinically meaningful weight loss The success of a national weight management program has been highlighted in a study in the journal Obesity. The 12-week NHS Digital Weight Management Program gives diet, exercise and lifestyle advice via a phone app or online, to patients referred by their GP with a high BMI plus hypertension, diabetes or both.
	Research shows interferon-beta regulates excessive alternative splicing in multiple sclerosis A new study found extensive alternative splicing of messenger RNA in the blood cells of untreated multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy controls. The study, which showed that highly dysregulated alternative splicing was largely corrected by interferon-ß (IFN-ß) therapy, is published in the Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research.
	'Get this done', WHO chief tells pandemic accord talks WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Friday told countries negotiating a global agreement on handling future pandemics to "get this done", as they hit the half-way stage in last-ditch talks.

Other Sciences news

	New study is first to use statistical physics to corroborate 1940s social balance theory Most people have heard the famous phrase "the enemy of my enemy is my friend." Now, Northwestern University researchers have used statistical physics to confirm the theory that underlies this famous axiom. The study, "Proper network randomization is key to assessing social balance," is published in the journal Science Advances.
	In medieval England, leprosy spread between red squirrels and people, genome evidence shows Evidence from archaeological sites in the medieval English city of Winchester shows that English red squirrels once served as an important host for Mycobacterium leprae strains that caused leprosy in people, researchers report in the journal Current Biology.
	First mother-daughter burial from Roman times in Austria discovered When a grave was discovered in Wels 20 years ago, the find was thought to be an early medieval double burial of a married couple and a horse due to its unusual features. Only now could the biological gender and family relationships of those buried be clarified using the most modern archaeological technologies.
	Call of the conch: Archaeologists suggest Indigenous Americans used sound to organize local communities Archaeologists have modeled the auditory range of conch-shell trumpets in the 9th–11th century US Southwest, proposing that the sound was key in the structuring of pre-Columbian Pueblo communities.
	Assyriologist claims to have solved archaeological mystery from 700 BC Ancient symbols on a 2,700-year-old temple, which have baffled experts for more than a century, have been explained by Trinity Assyriologist Dr. Martin Worthington.
	Positive school climate boosts high school grades, study finds A study led by a UC Riverside graduate student has found that Latino high school students achieve higher grades when they perceive a more positive school climate and when they have a stronger sense of self-esteem.
	New study shows how we distort our beliefs about others for convenience It is well-established that people hold "self-servingly" biased beliefs about their own personal traits and abilities that help bolster their self-esteem.
	Economies take off with new airports: Research shows positive impacts of airport investments Be it for work or vacation, chances are that many will have passed through an airport. In the largest cities, the airport presents to travelers the first glimpse of a new land and a reflection of the surrounding city. Beyond first impressions, airports stand as an important economic hub for local policymakers, with a continuous flow of goods and passengers fueling the urban economy.
	Law fails victims of financial abuse from their partner, research warns Victims of financial abuse from their partner in England and Wales are being failed by an "inadequate" legal response, new research warns.
	Four things Australian schools should do now to help prevent gender-based violence There is widespread agreement Australia needs to do better when it comes to gender-based violence. Anger and frustration at the numbers of women being killed saw national rallies over the weekend and a special National Cabinet meeting on Wednesday.
	Viewpoint: Figures like Andrew Tate may help spread misogyny. But they're amplifying—not causing—the problem Following an emergency meeting of the National Cabinet this week, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has announced a raft of measures to tackle the problem of gender-based violence.
	Power to the people: Aussies expect more from their local leaders About two-thirds of Australians believe local governments should have more power than they currently do, according to a new study from The Australian National University (ANU).
	Gendered processes of recruitment to elite higher ed institutions in mid‐20th-century Britain The number of male students at the University of Oxford from elite schools declined significantly by the middle of the twentieth century, a new study shows.
	Domestic violence disclosure schemes: Part of the solution to improving women's safety or an administrative burden? The spotlight is yet again shining on the national crisis of violence against women in Australia, and the calls for increased action and improved responses to all forms of domestic, family and sexual violence has intensified over the last three weeks.
	Five-day work week builds work–life balance in construction Construction workers typically work six days a week but research tracking a five-day work week in the industry shows flexibility is key to improving worker well-being, with minimal perceived impact on productivity.

This email is a free service of Science X Network
You received this email because you subscribed to our list.
If you do not wish to receive such emails in the future, please unsubscribe here.
You are subscribed as manojdole1.copa@blogger.com. You may manage your subscription options from your Science X profile