Science X Newsletter Mon, May 6

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for May 6, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Which is better for your dog, kibble or raw meat? Research yields surprising health results

Artifacts from the First Temple in the city of David accurately dated for a more precise timeline

Study investigates a nearby M-dwarf binary system

Study of new method used to preserve privacy with US census data suggests accuracy has suffered

Study finds that the transport of mRNAs into axons along with lysosomal vesicles prevents axon degeneration

How evolving landscapes impacted First Peoples' early migration patterns into Australia

Radio astronomers bypass disturbing Earth's atmosphere with new calibration technique

Nanotech opens door to future of insulin medication

Saturday Citations: Parrots on the internet; a map of human wakefulness; the most useless rare-earth element

Boeing's Starliner finally ready for first crewed mission

New quantum sensing scheme could lead to enhanced high-precision nanoscopic techniques

When injecting pure spin into chiral materials, direction matters

Turbid waters keep the coast healthy, finds study

Microscopic heart vessels imaged in super-resolution for the first time

Compared to billions of years ago, Venus has almost no water: New study may reveal why

Nanotechnology news

	Nanotech opens door to future of insulin medication An international team, led by researchers from Australia, have developed a system using nanotechnology that could allow people with diabetes to take oral insulin in the future. The researchers say the new insulin could be eaten by taking a tablet or even embedded within a piece of chocolate.
	Researchers develop a nanoparticle that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier Researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine have developed a nanoparticle that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Their goal is to kill primary breast cancer tumors and brain metastases in one treatment, and their research shows the method can shrink breast and brain tumors in laboratory studies.
	'Quartet Nanocage' vaccine found effective against coronaviruses that haven't even emerged yet Researchers have developed a new vaccine technology that has been shown in mice to provide protection against a broad range of coronaviruses with potential for future disease outbreaks—including ones we don't even know about. The results are published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
	'Better than graphene' material development may improve implantable technology Move over, graphene. There's a new, improved two-dimensional material in the lab. Borophene, the atomically thin version of boron first synthesized in 2015, is more conductive, thinner, lighter, stronger and more flexible than graphene, the 2D version of carbon.
	Nanoparticle catalysts convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide to make useful compounds As a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) contributes to climate change as it accumulates in the atmosphere. One way to reduce the amount of unwanted CO2 in the atmosphere is to convert the gas into a useful carbon product that can be used to generate valuable compounds.
	Self-adaptive system for temperature control: A dynamically controllable strategy for healing wound tissue Skin functions as a sophisticated sensorial system in the human body, capable not only of detecting environmental stimuli—such as temperature, pressure, strain, and vibration—but also of actively responding to these changes. Among these, the temperature regulation capability of the skin plays a critical role in maintaining the stability of homeothermic animals.
	New high-throughput device to unlock the potential of advanced materials A Birmingham researcher has developed a new high-throughput device that produces libraries of nanomaterials using sustainable mechanochemical approaches.
	Team describes MXene-supported PtCo bimetallic catalyst for hydrogen evolution in acidic conditions Hydrogen energy is considered a promising solution with high energy density and zero pollution emissions. Currently, hydrogen is mainly derived from fossil fuels, which increases energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, hindering efforts to achieve carbon neutrality goals.
	Ultrathin samples with surface phonon polariton enhance photoinduced dipole force A new study has been led by Prof. Xing-Hua Xia (State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University). While analyzing the infrared photoinduced force response of quartz, Dr. Jian Li observed a unique spectral response that is different from the far field infrared absorption spectrum.

Physics news

	New quantum sensing scheme could lead to enhanced high-precision nanoscopic techniques Researchers from the University of Portsmouth have unveiled a quantum sensing scheme that achieves the pinnacle of quantum sensitivity in measuring the transverse displacement between two interfering photons.
	When injecting pure spin into chiral materials, direction matters Researchers from North Carolina State University and the University of Pittsburgh studied how the spin information of an electron, called a pure spin current, moves through chiral materials. They found that the direction in which the spins are injected into chiral materials affects their ability to pass through them. These chiral "gateways" could be used to design energy-efficient spintronic devices for data storage, communication and computing.
	Experiment opens door for millions of qubits on one chip Researchers from the University of Basel and the NCCR SPIN have achieved the first controllable interaction between two hole spin qubits in a conventional silicon transistor. The breakthrough opens up the possibility of integrating millions of these qubits on a single chip using mature manufacturing processes.
	Fusion record set for tungsten tokamak WEST Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) measured a new record for a fusion device internally clad in tungsten, the element that could be the best fit for the commercial-scale machines required to make fusion a viable energy source for the world.
	Attosecond core-level spectroscopy reveals real-time molecular dynamics Chemical reactions are complex mechanisms. Many different dynamic processes are involved, affecting both the electrons and the nucleus of the present atoms. Very often, the strongly coupled electron and nuclear dynamics induce radiation-less relaxation processes known as conical intersections. Such dynamics, which are at the basis of many biological and chemical relevant functions, are extremely difficult to detect experimentally.
	Scientists directly measure a key reaction in neutron star binaries An X-ray burst (XRB) is a violent explosion that occurs on the surface of a neutron star as it absorbs material from a companion star. During this absorption, increasing temperatures and densities on the surface of the neutron star ignite a cascade of thermonuclear reactions.
	Collaboration identifies rare nuclear decay in long-lived potassium isotope Some nuclei of certain elements decay radioactively into nuclei of different elements. These decays can be useful or annoying depending on the context. This is especially true for potassium-40. This isotope usually decays to calcium-40, but about 10% of the time it decays to argon-40.

Earth news

	Turbid waters keep the coast healthy, finds study To preserve the important intertidal areas and salt marshes off our coasts for the future, we need more turbid water. That is one of the striking conclusions from a new study conducted by a Dutch-Chinese team of researchers and published in Nature Geoscience.
	Researchers find Northern Hemisphere glaciation enhances orbital- and millennial-scale Asian winter monsoon variability In a study published in Nature Communications, researchers have documented that persistent millennial-scale Asian winter monsoon (AWM) intensity fluctuations were superimposed on 41-kyr and ~100-kyr orbital variability during both the warmer (higher CO2) late Pliocene and colder (lower CO2) early Pleistocene, in response to both external astronomical forcing and internal climate dynamics.
	Earthquakes are moving northeast in Midland Basin of Texas, scientists find After analyzing seven years of earthquake data from the Midland Basin, a team of scientists at The University of Texas at Austin has found that seismic activity is probably on the move northeast toward the community of Big Spring.
	Researcher: Climate models can run for months on supercomputers—but my new algorithm can make them ten times faster Climate models are some of the most complex pieces of software ever written, able to simulate a vast number of different parts of the overall system, such as the atmosphere or ocean. Many have been developed by hundreds of scientists over decades and are constantly being added to and refined. They can run to over a million lines of computer code—tens of thousands of printed pages.
	Are carbon-capture models effective? Reforestation efforts to restock depleted forests are important for addressing climate change and for both capturing and restoring carbon from the Earth's atmosphere. These types of solutions to mitigate carbon emissions are critical after 2023 proved to be the warmest year on record. However, some models have been found to be inaccurate.
	Seismic waves used to track LA's groundwater recharge after record wet winter Record-setting storms in 2023 filled California's major reservoirs to the brim, providing some relief in a decades-long drought, but how much of that record rain trickled underground?
	Floods in southern Brazil kill 55, force 70,000 from homes Raging floods and mudslides have killed at least 55 people in southern Brazil and forced nearly 70,000 to flee their homes, the country's civil defense agency said on Saturday.
	Market-based schemes not reducing deforestation, poverty: Report Market-based approaches to forest conservation like carbon offsets and deforestation-free certification schemes have largely failed to protect trees or alleviate poverty, according to a major scientific review published on Monday.
	DDT pollutants found in deep sea fish off LA coast raise questions about the pesticide's continuing threat to wildlife In the 1940s and 1950s, the ocean off the coast of Los Angeles was a dumping ground for the nation's largest manufacturer of the pesticide DDT—a chemical now known to harm humans and wildlife. Due to the stubborn chemistry of DDT and its toxic breakdown products, this pollution continues to plague L.A.'s coastal waters more than half a century later. While legal at the time, details of this industrial-scale pollution of the marine environment at a dump site some 15 miles offshore near Catalina Island have deeply concerned scientists and the public since they gained wider recognition in 2020.
	A global plastic treaty will only work if it caps production, modeling shows An international agreement to end plastic pollution is due to be sealed this year in Busan, South Korea. At the penultimate round of negotiations, held in Ottawa, Canada, Rwanda and Peru proposed a target to cut the weight of primary plastics produced worldwide by 40% by 2040, compared with 2025.
	'Everywhere we looked, we found evidence': Microplastics expert on 20 years of pollution research Thirty years ago, while counting barnacles, limpets and seaweeds along rocky shores, I started noticing a daily tide of litter, mostly plastic. As a marine biology Ph.D. student at Liverpool University, I kept removing it, but the next day, there'd be more.
	What's with the recent wild tornadoes? Expert weighs in In the past week, weather authorities across the U.S. reported more than 100 tornadoes across the central and southern parts of the country, destroying dozens of homes and buildings from Oklahoma to Nebraska and Iowa.
	Eating the way we do hurts us and the planet, Canadian study finds In an age of abundance and variety in food options, are Canadians eating better than they were half a century ago? According to a recent paper by researchers at McGill University and the International Food Policy Research Institute, those relying on Canada's food supply for their dietary needs not only face deficiencies in healthier alternatives but also contribute to the disproportionate levels of environmental degradation caused by Canadian agricultural and food distribution policies.
	Study reveals rockburst processes, characteristics and triggering mechanisms Field observations have revealed that highly stressed D-shape tunnels experience sidewall rockburst triggered by impact loads stemming from rock blasting or other mining-related dynamic disturbances.
	Vietnam temperature records tumble as heat wave scorches More than 100 temperature records fell across Vietnam in April, according to official data, as a deadly heat wave scorches South and Southeast Asia.
	Dams strain as water, death toll keep rising in south Brazil The death toll from floods and mudslides triggered by torrential storms in southern Brazil climbed to 39 on Friday, officials said, as they warned of worse to come.
	Cyclone bears down on flood-hit Kenya, Tanzania Beaches were deserted and many shops closed on Saturday as heavy rains and winds from a tropical cyclone buffeted coastal areas of Tanzania and Kenya.
	Extreme heat drives Chile wildfires leaving at least 51 dead Chileans Sunday feared a rise in the death toll from wildfires blazing across the South American country that have already killed at least 51 people, leaving bodies in the street and homes gutted.
	Brazil mounts frantic rescue effort as flooding kills at least 78 Authorities in southern Brazil scrambled Sunday to rescue people from raging floods and mudslides in what has become the region's largest ever climate catastrophe, with at least 78 dead and 115,000 forced from their homes.
	Calif. state Sen. Blakespear says coastal railroad is at a climate crossroads A coordinated, multiagency effort is essential to save Southern California's coastal rail corridor from sea-level rise and erosion, state Sen. Catherine Blakespear warned last week.
	China Air Pollution Data Center launched to combat evolving complexity of air quality challenges While significant strides have been made in improving air quality in China through regulations like the Clean Air Act issued in 2013, air pollution has become increasingly complex. Despite notable improvements, the development of the economy and expansion of vehicular activity have given rise to new challenges, such as the emergence of ozone (O3) pollution, complicating the landscape of air quality management.

Astronomy and Space news

	Study investigates a nearby M-dwarf binary system Using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), astronomers have explored a nearby binary stellar system composed of two M dwarfs, known as LP 349−25AB. Results of the study, presented April 25 on the pre-print server arXiv, shed more light on the properties of this system, suggesting that one of its components may be a brown dwarf.
	Radio astronomers bypass disturbing Earth's atmosphere with new calibration technique An international team of researchers led by astronomers from Leiden University (Netherlands) has produced the first sharp radio maps of the universe at low frequencies. Thanks to a new calibration technique, they bypassed the disturbances of the Earth's ionosphere. They have used the new method to study plasmas from ancient black hole bursts. Potentially, the technique might be useful for finding exoplanets that orbit small stars.
	Boeing's Starliner finally ready for first crewed mission Launch day is finally here: Boeing's Starliner capsule blasts off Monday to the International Space Station on its first crewed mission—several years after SpaceX first achieved the same milestone.
	Compared to billions of years ago, Venus has almost no water: New study may reveal why Planetary scientists at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered how Venus, Earth's scalding and uninhabitable neighbor, became so dry.
	Scientists' research answers big question about our system's largest planet New discoveries about Jupiter could lead to a better understanding of Earth's own space environment and influence a long-running scientific debate about the solar system's largest planet.
	Astronomers observe elusive stellar light surrounding ancient quasars MIT astronomers have observed the elusive starlight surrounding some of the earliest quasars in the universe. The distant signals, which trace back more than 13 billion years to the universe's infancy, are revealing clues to how the very first black holes and galaxies evolved.
	Boeing's first Starliner mission with humans set for historic Space Coast launch tonight The stage is set for some space history to be made tonight as two veteran NASA astronauts aim to launch in a spacecraft that has never flown with humans before.
	New black hole visualization takes viewers beyond the brink Ever wonder what happens when you fall into a black hole? Now, thanks to a new, immersive visualization produced on a NASA supercomputer, viewers can plunge into the event horizon, a black hole's point of no return.
	Boeing's Starliner joins select club of crewed US spaceships Throughout the annals of American space exploration, a select few spacecraft have had the distinction of carrying human beings beyond Earth.
	Boeing's Starliner set for first crewed mission to ISS After years of delays, Boeing's Starliner capsule is set to ferry astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) Monday, a milestone for the US aerospace giant and NASA.
	Boeing faces critical launch ferrying astronauts to the International Space Station Ferrying astronauts to the International Space Station has almost become routine—but not for Boeing and not on Monday, when after years of delay it's finally set to launch two crew members to the orbiting platform on a critical test flight.
	The universe could be filled with ultralight black holes that can't die Primordial black holes are hypothetical objects formed during the earliest moments of the universe. According to the models, they formed from micro-fluctuations in matter density and spacetime to become sand grain-sized mountain-massed black holes.
	China publishes world's first high-definition lunar geologic atlas China has released a geologic atlas set of the global moon with a scale of 1:2.5 million, which is the first complete high-definition lunar geologic atlas in the world, providing basic map data for future lunar research and exploration.
	Shining a light on untapped lunar resources Near the moon's south pole lies a 13-mile wide, 2.5-mile-deep crater known as Shackleton, named for Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton. Shackleton—and craters like it—may contain untapped resources that can be accessed with lunar mining.

Technology news

	Engineers create a caterpillar-shaped robot that splits into segments, reassembles, hauls and crawls Engineers at Princeton and North Carolina State University have combined ancient paper-folding and modern materials science to create a soft robot that bends and twists through mazes with ease.
	Researchers develop a biomechanical dataset for badminton performance analysis In sports training, practice is the key, but being able to emulate the techniques of professional athletes can take a player's performance to the next level. AI-based personalized sports coaching assistants can make this a reality by utilizing published datasets. With cameras and sensors strategically placed on the athlete's body, these systems can track everything, including joint movement patterns, muscle activation levels, and gaze movements.
	Microcapacitors with ultrahigh energy and power density could power chips of the future In the ongoing quest to make electronic devices ever smaller and more energy efficient, researchers want to bring energy storage directly onto microchips, reducing the losses incurred when power is transported between various device components. To be effective, on-chip energy storage must be able to store a large amount of energy in a very small space and deliver it quickly when needed—requirements that can't be met with existing technologies.
	Turing test study shows humans rate artificial intelligence as more 'moral' than other people A new study has found that when people are presented with two answers to an ethical question, most will think the answer from artificial intelligence (AI) is better than the response from another person.
	Electric vehicles will start to cut emissions and improve air quality in our cities—but only once they're common Electric vehicles are often seen as the panacea to cutting emissions—and air pollution—from transport.
	Taiwan is experiencing millions of cyberattacks every day—the world should be paying attention Taiwan stands out as a beacon of democracy, innovation and resilience in an increasingly autocratic region. But this is under growing threat.
	French cyberwarriors ready to test their defense against hackers and malware during the Olympics Just like the Olympic athletes, the cyberwarriors that will be crucial for the success of the Paris Games are deep into training for the big event.
	Commercial jet maker Airbus is staying humble even as Boeing flounders. There's a reason for that In the latest round of their decades-long battle for dominance in commercial aircraft, Europe's Airbus established a clear sales lead over Boeing even before the American company encountered more fallout from manufacturing problems and ongoing safety concerns.
	'Everybody is vulnerable': Fake US school audio stokes AI alarm A fabricated audio clip of a US high school principal prompted a torrent of outrage, leaving him battling allegations of racism and anti-Semitism in a case that has sparked new alarm about AI manipulation.
	Multiplexed neuron sets make smaller optical neural networks possible Seeking to improve the practicality of optical neural networks that use wavelength division multiplexing, a research team developed a structure called multiplexed neuron sets and a corresponding backpropagation training algorithm.
	Hundreds of cities have achieved zero road deaths in a year—here's how they did it It's National Road Safety Week and it comes on the back of a year in which 1,286 people died on Australian roads. The rising road toll—up 8.2% for the year to March—included 62 children. Tragically, road deaths remain the number one killer of children in Australia.
	A look inside the cyberwar between Israel and Hamas reveals the civilian toll The news about the Israel-Hamas war is filled with reports of Israeli families huddling in fear from relentless rocket attacks, Israeli tanks and artillery flattening buildings in the Gaza Strip, hundreds of kidnapped hostages imprisoned in subterranean tunnels, and millions of people driven from their homes by fighting.
	Australia's building sector must look at its carbon budget, say experts For decades, the construction industry has been largely driven by financial feasibility—focusing on cost optimization and return on investment.
	Can I take your order—and your data? The hidden reason retailers are replacing staff with AI bots You might have seen viral videos of Wendy's drive-thru customers in the United States ordering their fast food from the firm's generative AI bot Wendy's FreshAI. Most show a very human-like transaction punctuated with cries of amazement at how fast, accurate and polite the system is.
	Digital human model aids design of motorcycles, based on riding posture Motorcycles are designed to accommodate the average-sized rider, leaving taller and shorter riders vulnerable to discomfort.
	Additive manufacturing could turn the tides for marine energy technologies Milk and cookies. Peanut butter and jelly. Macaroni and cheese. All delightfully perfect pairs. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) discovered another promising pair: marine energy and additive manufacturing.
	Research shows VR poses privacy risks for kids—parents aren't as worried as they should be New research finds that, while an increasing number of minors are using virtual reality (VR) apps, not many parents recognize the extent of the security and privacy risks that are specific to VR technologies. The study also found that few parents are taking active steps to address those security and privacy issues, such as using parental controls built into the apps.
	Since Tesla recalled its vehicles in 2023, there have been 20 accidents and investigators are asking why Tesla is yet again undergoing scrutiny from federal regulators in the United States. The issue at hand now is whether the automotive company did enough in response to the 2023 recalls by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Transport Canada. The recalls were issued after several collisions resulting from using Tesla's proprietary Autopilot system.
	The scaling back of Saudi Arabia's proposed urban mega-project sends a clear warning to other would-be utopias There is a long history of planned city building by both governments and the private sector from Brasilia to Islamabad.
	Researchers propose design methodology for hardware Gaussian random number generators A research team from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has proposed a novel design methodology for Gaussian random number (GRN) generators tailored for SerDes simulation systems.
	3D video conferencing tool lets remote user control the view Collaborating on a physical object when two people aren't in the same room can be extremely challenging, but a new remote conferencing system allows the remote user to manipulate a view of the scene in 3D, to assist in complex tasks like debugging complicated hardware.
	Europe's auto suppliers reach the end of the road Emrullah Karaca has made brakes for the past 20 years, but he is now learning to assemble heat pumps instead, as the Continental factory where he works in northern Germany is slated to close.
	Breastfeeding moms sent photos, videos to purported lactation consultant on Facebook: Now they fear it was a scam Sleep-deprived and anxious about feeding their babies, tens of thousands of moms in Illinois and elsewhere recently turned to a variety of Facebook groups offering support for breastfeeding, pumping breast milk and postpartum care.
	Bill awaiting DeSantis' OK would end years of renewable energy policies A bill sitting on Gov. Ron DeSantis' desk would end the state's support of renewable and clean energy and keep Florida reliant on fossil fuels, critics say.
	Bolster safeguards after health care cyberattack Unfortunately, hackers didn't need sophisticated skills to pull off one of the nation's most alarming and consequential health care ransomware attacks.
	How the EU transformed tech As millions of voters prepare for next month's European Parliament elections, AFP explores some of the deep transformations the 27-member bloc has made in the field of technology.
	AI technology is showing cultural biases—here's why and what can be done AI expert Professor Kevin Wong from Murdoch University's School of Information Technology says in order to deal with the problem of cultural biases in AI, it's important to understand the fundamentals of different AI techniques.
	AI approach enhances efficiency of material multiscale simulation for wearable electronics The integration of microscale and macroscale simulations has long been a computational challenge in material science. Addressing this, researchers have developed AGAT, a machine learning model that efficiently predicts the behaviors of materials used in wearable electronics, particularly focusing on CNTs/PDMS composites.
	Opinion: Nuclear power makes no sense for Australia—but it's a useful diversion from real climate action Opposition leader Peter Dutton argues Australia needs nuclear power to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.

Chemistry news

	Geologists, biologists unearth the atomic fingerprints of cancer Scientists at the University of Colorado Boulder and Princeton University have, for the first time, employed a tool often used in geology to detect the atomic fingerprints of cancer.
	Researchers create 2D all-organic perovskites, demonstrate potential use in 2D electronics Perovskites are among the most researched topics in materials science. Recently, a research team from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has solved an age-old challenge to synthesize all-organic two-dimensional perovskites, extending the field into the exciting realm of 2D materials.
	Variety in building block softness makes for softer amorphous materials Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have created a new model for disordered materials to study how amorphous materials resist stress. They treated groups of atoms and molecules as squishy spheres with varying softness.
	Researchers discover spontaneous liquefaction of solid metal–liquid metal interfaces in colloidal binary alloys The boundary between solid metal and liquid metal can be much less "solid" than we ever suspected. RMIT researchers have discovered that the liquid-solid boundary can fluctuate back and forth, with metallic atoms near the surface breaking free from their crystal lattice.
	Scientists use high pressure NMR spectroscopy to study structure of dynamic proteins A pressure of 3,000 bar is applied to the cold shock protein B of Bacillus subtilis in a small tube in the NMR spectroscopy laboratory at the University of Konstanz. This is roughly three times the water pressure at the deepest point of the ocean. The pressure is so intense that the highly dynamic protein shows structural features that would not be sufficiently visible under normal pressure.
	Synthetic chemistry approach yields new compounds with potential biomedical applications Researchers at Rice University have successfully synthesized a group of natural compounds known as fusicoccanes. The molecules found in various living organisms exhibit diverse biological activities, including the ability to modulate protein-protein interactions within biological systems.
	Simulated chemistry: New AI platform designs tomorrow's cancer drugs Scientists at UC San Diego have developed a machine learning algorithm to simulate the time-consuming chemistry involved in the earliest phases of drug discovery, which could significantly streamline the process and open doors for never-before-seen treatments.
	A leap toward carbon neutrality: New catalyst converts carbon dioxide to methanol Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a catalyst material known as cobalt phthalocyanine that converts carbon dioxide—a significant driver of climate change—into renewable fuels such as methanol.
	Engineers solve 'catalysis vs corrosion' mystery in electrochemical ozone production Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and Drexel University in Philadelphia, along with Brookhaven National Laboratory, are working to solve a multipart mystery to make water disinfection treatments more sustainable.

Biology news

	Which is better for your dog, kibble or raw meat? Research yields surprising health results In recent years, the practice of feeding dogs raw meat-based diets instead of kibble has grown, in part because raw meat does not require heavy processing or include binders and preservatives that could negatively affect a dog's health.
	Biologists study trade-offs of microscopic predators The drama of predators vs. prey—hunting, stalking, fleeing—isn't limited to the animal kingdom. Underneath our feet, hungry amoebae in the soil pursue and eat bacteria in a microscopic wild kingdom. But being a predator has its own costs, and that's as true for amoebae as it is for lions or wolves.
	How human activities are impacting one of the world's most remote whale species Even in the deepest and most remote parts of the ocean, beaked whales cannot escape the harmful effects of human activity. From military sonar, targeted hunting and ship strikes to climate change, plastic pollution and oil spills, researchers have found that the reclusive, deep-sea dwelling species is exposed to 14 human-made threats despite being found in habitats far from cities, ports and other populous areas.
	Researchers develop new AI tool for fast and precise tissue analysis to support drug discovery and diagnostics A team of scientists from A*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII) has developed a new AI software tool called "BANKSY" that automatically recognizes the cell types present in a tissue, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and fat cells.
	Bee body mass, pathogens and local climate influence heat tolerance How well bees tolerate temperature extremes could determine their ability to persist in a changing climate. But heat tolerance varies between and within populations, so a research team led by Penn State entomologists examined bee physical traits—such as sex differences in body mass—to understand how these traits interact with environmental conditions, pathogens and other factors.
	Listening to giants: The search for the elusive Antarctic blue whale Blue whales are the largest animals on Earth, measuring up to 30 meters long and weighing up to 200 tons—as much as a Boeing 787. Yet it's the sound they make, not their size, which gives their location away.
	Research team develops fast-track process for genetic improvement of plant traits Researchers interested in improving a given trait in plants can now identify the genes that regulate the trait's expression without doing any experiments.
	The benefits of crown-of-thorns starfish control on the Great Barrier Reef New research has revealed that years of targeted crown-of-thorns starfish control on the Great Barrier Reef has protected coral and supported reef health and resilience.
	First steps toward a whole-body map of molecular responses to exercise Research definitively confirms that muscle-moving, calorie-burning activity slows the advance of disease, improves cognitive function, boosts the immune system, and reduces rates of mortality from all causes.
	Unraveling life's origin: Five key breakthroughs from the past five years There is still so much we don't understand about the origin of life on Earth.
	Two facilities team up for structural biology advances with X-ray free-electron lasers and exascale computing Plans to unite the capabilities of two cutting-edge technological facilities promise to usher in a new era of dynamic structural biology. Through DOE's Integrated Research Infrastructure, or IRI, initiative, the facilities will complement each other's technologies in the pursuit of science despite being nearly 2,500 miles apart.
	Animal behavior research better at keeping observer bias from sneaking in—but there's still room to improve Animal behavior research relies on careful observation of animals. Researchers might spend months in a jungle habitat watching tropical birds mate and raise their young. They might track the rates of physical contact in cattle herds of different densities. Or they could record the sounds whales make as they migrate through the ocean.
	Collecting live snakes in remote Amazon regions for study is no easy task—here's how we do it Brazil records an average of 29,000 snakebites a year, leading to around 130 deaths. And it is in the Amazon that the greatest number of cases occur. This region is home to 38 of the 75 species of venomous snakes recorded in Brazil.
	How technology is revolutionizing insect research Recent fears of major declines among insects have sent researchers scrambling for data on how they are actually doing.
	Fish residues can compensate for raw materials shortages and improve our health in the bargain More than a million tons of fish residues can rescue the food and cosmetic industries from raw materials shortages—and create new jobs. The key factors here are oils rich in omega-3, collagen and gelatin.
	Identifying priorities to leverage smart digital technologies for sustainable crop production Drones monitoring fields for weeds and robots targeting and treating crop diseases may sound like science fiction but is actually happening already, at least on some experimental farms. Researchers from the PhenoRob Cluster of Excellence at the University of Bonn are working on driving forward the smart digitalization of agriculture and have now published a list of the research questions that will need to be tackled as a priority in the future. Their paper appears in the European Journal of Agronomy.
	Boaters dumping trash in South Florida's waters? Teens face felony charges Two teen boaters are facing felony charges for pollution after they were caught on video dumping trash into the Atlantic Ocean during a South Florida boating party.
	Avoid some 'Project Watson' dog eye wipes due to infection danger, warns consumer commission Pets and pet owners who come into contact with Bausch & Lomb's "Project Watson" dog eye wipes could be at risk for infection if the products come from certain lots.

Medicine and Health news

	Study finds that the transport of mRNAs into axons along with lysosomal vesicles prevents axon degeneration RNA granules, sites for the storage, transport, and regulation of RNA molecules within cells, are transported along axons and then translated locally, far from the cell body. Recent studies suggest that these granules can "hitch a ride" from lysosome-related vesicles, membrane-bound structures in cells that share common characteristics with lysosomes.
	Microscopic heart vessels imaged in super-resolution for the first time Researchers from Imperial College London's Department of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medicine worked alongside academics from UCL to produce sub-millimeter resolution images of cardiac micro-vessels. The non-invasive new imaging technique was tested on four human patients.
	Study reveals that almost all individuals with two copies of the APOE4 gene develop signs of Alzheimer's Researchers from the Research Area on Neurological Diseases, Neuroscience, and Mental Health at the Sant Pau Research Institute, led by Dr. Juan Fortea, Director of the Memory Unit of the Neurology Service at the same hospital, have found that over 95% of individuals over 65 years old who have two copies of the APOE4 gene—APOE4 homozygotes—show biological characteristics of Alzheimer's pathology in the brain or biomarkers of this disease in cerebrospinal fluid and PET scans.
	Clinical trial shows that plant-based cytisinicline can help people quit vaping Eleven million U.S. adults use e-cigarettes to vape nicotine, and about half of them say that they want to stop, but many have trouble doing so because nicotine is an addictive drug.
	CRIPSR gene editing leads to improvements in vision for people with inherited blindness, clinical trial shows Results from a clinical trial of CRISPR gene editing in 14 individuals with a form of inherited blindness show that the treatment is safe and led to measurable improvements in 11 of the participants treated. The Phase I/II trial called BRILLIANCE, was led by principal investigator Eric Pierce, MD, Ph.D., of Mass Eye and Ear, a member of the Mass General Brigham health care system. Findings are reported May 6 in The New England Journal of Medicine.
	Researchers find B cells drive responses of other immune cells, can be modified to prevent multiple sclerosis symptoms B cells can control responses of myeloid cells through the release of particular cytokines (small proteins that control the growth and activity of cells in the immune system), disproving the previous consensus that T cells are the only orchestrators of immune responses.
	Human 'neural compass' pinpointed in new study A pattern of brain activity that helps prevent us from getting lost has been identified in a new study, published in Nature Human Behaviour.
	Drug shows promise for starving out cancer cells Starving out tumor cells may be a promising therapy for treatment-resistant lung cancer, according to a new study published in Science Advances.
	Study provides a blueprint of tumor-infiltrating B cells with therapeutic implications In a study published in Science on May 3, researchers unveiled two responding patterns of tumor-infiltrating B cells with therapeutic implications.
	Red light therapy for repairing spinal cord injury passes milestone Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) could benefit from a future treatment to repair nerve connections using red and near-infrared light.
	Biomaterial vaccine enhances lymph node expansion following vaccination, boosting anti-tumor immunity Each one of us has around 600 lymph nodes (LNs)—small, bean-shaped organs that house various types of blood cells and filter lymph fluid—scattered throughout our bodies. Many of us have also experienced some of our LNs to temporarily swelling during infections with viruses or other pathogens.
	Scientists track earliest cancer-triggering physical changes in cells By the time cancer is diagnosed, a lot has already happened behind the scenes. Although cancers are classed into early and late stages for clinical purposes, even an "early" stage tumor is the result of many previous, undetectable cellular and molecular changes in the body.
	Parathyroid hormone treatment helps slow development of osteoporosis, researchers find Applying a pretreatment of a parathyroid hormone, commonly used to increase bone mass to combat osteoporosis, can help improve cartilage health and slow the development of osteoarthritis, Cornell researchers have found.
	Therapeutic target identified to neutralize toxic forms of Parkinson's-associated protein Researchers from the UAB have identified a region in the early aggregates of the alpha-synuclein protein that can be targeted to prevent its conversion into the toxic amyloid fibrils that accumulate in the brains of people suffering from Parkinson's disease.
	Vagus nerve activation of the spleen shows promise to treat infections One of the main roles of the spleen is to help the body's immune system fight infections. The spleen does this through producing and regulating antibodies—antibody production is negatively affected in various conditions, including sepsis and autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
	Parental deaths due to guns or drugs harmed nearly 100,000 US kids in 2020: Study Nearly 100,000 U.S. children lost a parent in 2020 to gun violence or drug overdose, a three-fold rise since 1999, according to a new study.
	Study uncovers at least one cause of roadblocks to cancer immunotherapy T cells—the body's foot soldiers against invaders, ranging from everyday infections to cancers—are integral to many successful immunotherapies. However, a frustrating factor is that immunotherapies do not always work.
	Improved nutrition, sanitation linked to beneficial changes in child stress and epigenetic programming We're increasingly aware of how environmental factors influence a child's early development and health trajectory. We've mostly learned this through research involving direct observations of how ambient conditions like air pollution or a lack of nutritious food affect how our genes function, and over time, what diseases we might develop.
	Massive study identifies new biomarkers for renal cancer subtypes, improving diagnosis and—eventually—treatment A new study led by University of Michigan Health Rogel Cancer Center researchers identifies novel biomarkers in renal cell carcinomas. The researchers' integrative analysis of comprehensive proteogenomic datasets from both non-clear cell and clear cell renal carcinomas builds on previous work, which primarily focused on geonomics, and improves understanding of the mechanisms of renal cell carcinomas.
	Using advanced genetic techniques, scientists create mice with traits of Tourette disorder In research that may be a step forward toward finding personalized treatments for Tourette disorder, scientists at Rutgers University–New Brunswick have bred mice that exhibit some of the same behaviors and brain abnormalities seen in humans with the disorder.
	Nerves prompt muscle to release factors that boost brain health, study finds Exercise prompts muscles to release molecular cargo that boosts brain cell function and connection, but the process is not well understood. New research from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign has found that the nerves that tell muscles to move also prompt them to release more of the brain-boosting factors.
	Biomolecular atlas for bone marrow offers unprecedented window into blood production Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have revealed a powerful new bone marrow atlas that will offer the public a first-of-its-kind visual passport into the spectrum of healthy and diseased blood production. The findings are published in the journal Cell.
	Repurposed cancer drug could treat diabetes by nudging pancreatic acinar cells to produce insulin In 2016, University of Pittsburgh researchers Dr. Farzad Esni, Ph.D., and Jing Hu, Ph.D., did an experiment in mice where they deleted one of two copies of the gene encoding an enzyme called focal adhesion kinase (FAK). They were interested in the role of FAK in pancreatic cancer, but a surprise finding took the research in a very different direction.
	Why diversity in nature could be the key to mental well-being By the time you have finished reading this article, at least one species on our planet will be lost forever.
	Major women's health study supports hormone replacement therapy in early menopause Hormone replacement therapy can safely ease middle-aged women's symptoms during early menopause, data from a major women's health study show.
	Survey of US parents highlights need for more awareness about newborn screening, cystic fibrosis A national survey led by Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found that parents have insufficient knowledge of newborn screening in general and of cystic fibrosis (CF) in particular. Researchers asked specific questions about CF based on studies showing that initial CF follow-up visits after a positive newborn screening often occur after 4 weeks of age, which is later than the recommended timeframe for best outcomes.
	Lessons from COVID-19: Preparing for future pandemics means looking beyond the health data The World Health Organization declared an end to the COVID-19 public health emergency on May 5, 2023. In the year since, only two provinces—Alberta and Ontario—have published proposals for dealing with future health emergencies.
	Healthy teeth are wondrous and priceless: Dentist explains why and how best to protect them At an auction in England in 2011, one of John Lennon's teeth sold for just over US$31,000.
	Why is cancer called cancer? We need to go back to Greco-Roman times for the answer One of the earliest descriptions of someone with cancer comes from the fourth century BC. Satyrus, tyrant of the city of Heracleia on the Black Sea, developed a cancer between his groin and scrotum. As the cancer spread, Satyrus had ever greater pains. He was unable to sleep and had convulsions.
	Pickleball injuries and prevention The popularity of pickleball has exploded in the last few years, and according to a recent report, so have injuries attributed to the relatively new sport.
	About 56 percent of pregnant smokers quit during pregnancy More than half of women who smoke before pregnancy quit while pregnant, according to research published in the May 2 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Research strengthens case to treat COVID-19 with metformin, not ivermectin Patients with COVID-19 had lower viral loads if treated with metformin, according to new University of Minnesota research that argues for broader use of the cheap anti-diabetes drug and against the controversial use of ivermectin.
	Can this thumb test tell if you are at increased risk of a hidden aortic aneurysm? All the parts of our bodies share an inherent connectivity. This goes much further than "the foot bone's connected to the … leg bone." For instance, both hands and feet are connected to a constantly flowing bloodstream, and a nerve network that makes their muscles kick.
	Personalized mRNA vaccines: A new approach in melanoma treatment A personalized mRNA vaccine to treat melanoma has now reached late-stage trials in the UK. This is just the latest step in improving the cure rate of cancer.
	CD7 expression tied to poorer outcomes with newly diagnosed leukemia CD7 expression is associated with poorer outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), according to a study published online April 11 in the British Journal of Haematology.
	A world with fewer children? Addressing the despair behind declining fertility In the 1992 dystopian novel "Children of Men," later adapted to film, humanity faces the chilling reality of a world without children, a global infertility crisis that threatens to extinguish the species. While this apocalyptic vision might seem far-fetched, today's real world faces a quieter but equally alarming phenomenon: declining human fertility. This is not due to a sudden inability to reproduce but rather a collective, culturally driven decline in the desire to bring new life into the world.
	New study reveals how teens thrive online: Factors that shape digital success revealed A new study co-authored by Sophie Janicke-Bowles, associate professor in Chapman University's School of Communication, sheds light on the role that new and traditional media play in promoting and affecting character development, emotions, prosocial behavior and well-being (aka happiness) in youth.
	Affordable Care Act expansions improved access to cancer care, study suggests Insurance expansions under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) were linked with an increase in patients receiving care at accredited cancer hospitals in Pennsylvania, according to a study published in Health Services Research by University of Pittsburgh researchers.
	What to know about cervical cancer Part of the reproductive system, the cervix connects the vagina to the uterus, also known as the womb. By collecting cervical cells (called the Pap smear after the scientist who pioneered the screening test in the mid-1900s), cancer can be detected even at an early stage.
	Using radiation therapy to treat brain tumors Most patients with brain tumors receive one of two types of radiation: external beam radiation, in which the tumor is treated over the course of several weeks, or radiosurgery, in which patients receive a high dose of radiation in one to five treatments to destroy the tumor.
	Understanding autism: The path to diagnosis, awareness and support Diagnosing a person with autism spectrum disorder can be challenging. It's a medical condition that no blood test, brain scan or objective test can pinpoint. And because of each person's distinctive pattern of symptoms, it can be hard to determine its severity.
	Optimism, doubt ahead of Chicago mayor's 'Treatment Not Trauma' mental health plan Belmont Cragin residents were filing into the cafeteria at Prieto Math and Science Academy in April to weigh in on Mayor Brandon Johnson's signature plan to overhaul Chicago's mental health system when they got unexpected evidence that the bold, still largely theoretical plan remains a focus at City Hall.
	Why adolescents need one-on-one time with their doctor Aside from all the physical changes, adolescents are developing skills that help prepare them for adulthood. Part of this means participating more in their own health care. The adolescent well-child visits are tailored to support your family in this process.
	Is emotional eating sabotaging your weight-loss efforts? You know losing that extra weight would be good for your health. Your health care team talked with you about how obesity increases your risk of other health issues, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain types of cancer. They even worked out a healthy eating plan, and you want to stick to it. And you do well for many days, but then something upsetting happens, and your first thought is food.
	Overall cancer risk not increased for children born after assisted reproduction The overall risk for cancer is not increased for children born after medically assisted reproduction (MAR), according to a study published online May 2 in JAMA Network Open.
	Plant-based diet may aid prostate cancer outcomes Consuming a primarily plant-based diet may be associated with better cancer-specific health outcomes among men with prostate cancer, according to a study published online May 1 in JAMA Network Open.
	Key therapy equally effective for women, men with narrowed leg arteries Peripheral artery disease (PAD) involves a debilitating narrowing of arteries in the legs, and the National Institutes of Health estimates that one in every 20 Americans over 50 is affected.
	Instrument developed to assess quality of life in Meniere disease A brief, valid instrument has been developed for assessing quality of life in Meniere disease, according to a study published online April 30 in The Laryngoscope.
	Study finds preventable premature death rates to be higher in nonmetropolitan counties Nonmetropolitan counties had higher percentages of preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death during 2010 to 2022, according to research published in the May 2 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Risk for 'most' cardiovascular diseases no higher with inflammatory bowel disease, study finds Among postmenopausal women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is no higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with women without IBD, although the risk for ischemic stroke may be higher, according to a study published online April 29 in Digestive Diseases and Sciences.
	Study highlights need for improvement of patient safety in outpatient settings Over the last several decades, research has brought nationwide awareness to issues of patient harm in the "inpatient" setting, where patients receive care as part of an overnight stay at a hospital.
	Knocking out deadly brain cancer with a dual therapy Glioblastoma is an often fatal form of brain cancer, with only 5% of patients surviving beyond five years. The cancer is difficult to treat and almost always becomes resistant to treatment. As a result, recurrence of glioblastoma is practically inevitable.
	Economists imagine an alternate universe where the opioid crisis peaked in '06, and then explain why it didn't The U.S. opioid epidemic is a story of failed policy initiatives, missed opportunities, and more than 600,000 deaths. It's also a story with no end in sight, and for that, two economists say, we can blame relationships.
	New study reveals age-related brain changes influence recovery after stroke A new study by a global team of researchers, led by Sook-Lei Liew, Ph.D., of USC's Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (Stevens INI), has revealed that areas of age-related damage in the brain relate to motor outcomes after a stroke—a phenomenon that may be under-recognized in stroke research.
	Surgery is the default treatment for ACL injuries, but it's not the only way The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important ligament in the knee. It runs from the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia) and helps stabilize the knee joint.
	Researchers develop gastrointestinal imaging capsule for esophagus surveillance and interventions In an advancement in gastrointestinal health, researchers from Johns Hopkins University have developed the Multifunctional Ablative Gastrointestinal Imaging Capsule (MAGIC)—a gastrointestinal imaging capsule for esophagus surveillance and interventions.
	Can an organ transplant really change someone's personality? Changes in personality following a heart transplant have been noted pretty much ever since transplants began. In one case, a person who hated classical music developed a passion for the genre after receiving a musician's heart. The recipient later died holding a violin case.
	Behavioral therapy and sleep: A lifeline for night workers If you are a police officer, a health care worker, a firefighter or even a miner, you may be part of the 25% to 30% of the population with atypical working hours.
	Personalized screening early in pregnancy may improve preeclampsia detection A new screening algorithm for preeclampsia combining maternal history, ultrasound data and several tests for blood markers may better predict the majority of preeclampsia cases in the first trimester of pregnancy, when it may still be preventable, according to new research published in Hypertension.
	Study shows rising child mortality in the US has the most impact on Black and Native American youth Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University and Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU are shedding new light on how the increasing rate of child mortality in the United States has disproportionately affected certain racial and ethnic groups.
	Dengue is now endemic in more than 100 countries—here's what you need to know Over the last 20 years, there has been a tenfold increase in reports of dengue—an infectious disease that spreads to humans through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
	Rethinking 'socially admitted' patients to improve care Labeling vulnerable patients in hospital as "socially admitted" may prevent treatment of medical issues, according to new research in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
	Exploring oncogenic driver molecular alterations in Hispanic/Latin American cancer patients In an editorial, published in Oncoscience, researcher Rafael Parra-Medina from Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología discusses Latin America's (LA) population—a heterogeneous mix of Amerindian, African, and Caucasian ancestries with different proportions in different regions. The paper is titled, "Exploring oncogenic driver molecular alterations in Hispanic/Latin American cancer patients: A call for enhanced molecular understanding."
	Research team tests intervention to reduce financial burden on cancer patients and caregivers Researchers at the University of Kentucky College of Nursing and DanceBlue Kentucky Children's Hospital Hematology/Oncology Clinic found that receiving financial and legal navigation services improves levels of financial toxicity and quality of life for patients and caregivers.
	Novel score validated for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease A novel high-resolution manometry (HRM) score can stratify the risk and severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), according to a study published online March 27 in the UEG Journal.
	Multifrequency tympanometry could aid diagnosis of Meniere disease Multifrequency tympanometry (MFT) could aid the diagnosis of Meniere disease (MD), according to a review published online March 4 in the Journal of Clinical Medicine.
	Benefit of thick liquids in Alzheimer disease and dysphagia unclear For hospitalized patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) and dysphagia, those receiving thick liquids are less likely to be intubated but have no difference in hospital mortality compared with those receiving thin liquids, according to a study published online May 6 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
	Investigating how to prevent unwanted side effects of cancer treatment in children As the numbers of pediatric brain cancer survivors continue improving, the numbers of individuals developing life-long neurocognitive impairments are consequently expected to rise.
	Text message outreach can help increase mammogram completion rates Text messaging women after initial outreach for breast cancer screening increases mammogram completion rates, according to a study published online May 6 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
	Pediatric ED length of stay reduced with observation unit for mental health Children with mental health emergencies presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED) who receive psychiatric comanagement in a pediatric observation unit (POU) have significantly reduced PED length of stay (LOS) and inpatient psychiatric (IP) admission, according to a research letter published online May 5 in JAMA Pediatrics to coincide with the annual meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies, held from May 2 to 6 in Toronto.
	Cannabis use disorder increasingly seen in teens scheduled for surgery For adolescents scheduled for surgery, the prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasing and is associated with higher odds of postoperative complications, according to a study published online May 6 in Pediatrics.
	Contract treatment found to reduce recidivism and substance-related adverse health events Substance use disorder treatment in the community is a superior alternative to incarceration for offenders with a substance misuse background, according to a recent study published in BMC Psychiatry that evaluated the effectiveness of the contract treatment sanction in Sweden.
	Research finds e-cigarette content on Instagram violates policies, is marketed to teens New research presented May 4 at the American Psychiatric Association's Annual Meeting indicates that methods of advertising e-cigarettes on digital platforms are violating federal government and Instagram policies.
	Study finds no increased risk of COVID-19 in veterans The number of Scottish veterans who were hospitalized with COVID-19 or who died from the disease was no greater than in the wider community, according to new research published today.
	More stigmatizing language found in clinical notes for older, female, or patients of color with opioid use disorder New research presented May 4 at the American Psychiatric Association's Annual Meeting reveals that patients who are older, female, or of color and have an opioid use disorder are more likely to experience stigma and bias from a health care professional when seeking treatment.
	Study provides guidelines to doctors for individual treatment of wrist fractures A doctoral thesis by Viktor Schmidt, Umeå University can hopefully help doctors to provide better information to patients after wrist fractures. It can determine which treatment is most appropriate for each individual patient.
	Azithromycin shows promise for putting asthma into remission Researchers at HMRI and the University of Newcastle have evaluated a drug called azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, to test if it would put moderate to severe asthma into remission.
	Online patient portal usage increasing, study shows More people are using online patient portals to view their information while in the emergency room, but access is challenging for members of medically underserved communities and the elderly, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers and national colleagues found in a new study.
	Study highlights key predictors of adolescent substance use New research, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, examined a broad range of potential predictors of substance use among adolescents and found sociodemographic variables were the most robust predictors of substance use initiation.
	Exploring how the human brain stores and preserves information Research into how the human brain stores information could lead to treatments for people who struggle with everyday tasks.
	Brain activity related to craving and heavy drinking differs across sexes, study reveals The brain circuits that underlie alcohol craving and heavy drinking share some similarities between men and women, but also some key differences, a new Yale study reveals.
	Study explores coping strategies and self-stigma among people living with HIV in Indonesia Individuals living with HIV often face significant physical and mental stress, including self-stigma, which can impede their ability to seek treatment and disclose their status.
	New research examines past and guides future efforts to reduce cancer disparities Investigators at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have examined the historical evolution of Community Outreach and Engagement initiatives at both the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers (NCI-DCCs).
	Beyond therapy: Virtual reality shows promise in fighting depression A recent study published in JMIR Mental Health sheds light on the promising role of virtual reality (VR) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD).
	Researchers generate direct measurement of interaction between immune cells and cancer cells from a patient's biopsy Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have unveiled a technology that promises to improve cancer treatment decisions based on a patient's biopsy. The pioneering biological research and development measures changes in immune system cells adjacent to cancer cells, providing crucial insights into the patient's immune response and potentially enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
	Study shows impact of education on epilepsy care in Saudi Arabia Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures, which can lead to various psychological problems. While most cases are idiopathic, some may result from brain injury, stroke, or genetic mutations.
	Research shows LGBTQI+ health-related content in medical school has increased Reducing barriers to comprehensive and affirming health care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI+) populations requires physicians to receive LGBTQI+ health content during undergraduate medical education (UME).
	Advancing genomic medicine: The evolution of personalized cancer treatment in Japan The journey of cancer genomic medicine (CGM) began in the 1980s, with the discovery of various genomic and epigenomic alterations in cancer cells from various countries including Japan. This led to the development of molecular targeted therapies in the 2000s.
	Spotting the silent symptoms of stress The silent symptoms of stress can be easily overlooked, but they're important to recognize to protect one's mental health, experts say.
	You've covered your copayment: Now brace yourself for the 'facility fee' Even if you have health insurance, you might expect to be charged a copayment for some routine care, like office-based exams and consultations. But you probably don't expect to receive a bill a few weeks later charging you an extra $100 or more.
	Millions were booted from Medicaid: The insurers that run it gained Medicaid revenue anyway Private Medicaid health plans lost millions of members in the past year as pandemic protections that prohibited states from dropping anyone from the government program expired.
	Some psychedelic drug users are stuck with unwelcome highs A.J. took two small hits off a cannabis vape pen, a common ritual with his morning coffee. Moments after exhaling, a transfigured, kaleidoscopic version of the world emerged before his eyes.
	Researcher: Swapping payments for vouchers won't fix UK disability benefits—here's what's needed instead The UK government is proposing major changes to the benefits system, in response to the increase in people claiming benefits for disability and ill health. The proposals, which will be consulted on in the coming months, focus mainly on replacing the personal independence payment (Pip).
	Researchers develop robotic bronchial endoscope system to resolve foreign substance inhalation accidents in children A robotic bronchial endoscopic system has been engineered to reduce side effects and provide prompt intervention during emergencies involving airway blockages in infants, young children, or the elderly caused by food or foreign substances. This innovative system is expected to be highly beneficial in emergency scenarios, as it has the potential to decrease the requisite medical personnel needed to treat individuals with obstructed airways.
	Large registry data demonstrate PCI for stable CAD can be safely performed before, during or after TAVR New data reveal that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be safely performed before, during, or after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The results from the analysis were presented at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 2024 Scientific Sessions.
	Children are dying of fentanyl by the dozens in Missouri. A panel is calling for changes Fentanyl deaths among Missouri babies, toddlers and teens spiked as child welfare officials struggled to adequately investigate the cases, a state panel found in a newly released report.
	Lessons learned in hand hygiene after COVID-19: An expert weighs in When Shanina Knighton began pursuing her doctorate in nursing in 2013, she set out to prove a theory. She'd noticed that, during the H1N1 pandemic, patient hand hygiene wasn't prioritized the same way it was for health care providers.
	How to prevent common spring injuries With spring in full bloom, warm weather and an increase in outdoor activities, the risk of injury also increases. Whether you're a seasoned athlete or want to enjoy more daily movement in your routine, injuries can impact individuals of all levels and can range from minor sprains to more serious conditions needing medical attention.
	A tax on sugary drinks can make us healthier—it's time for Australia to introduce one, say researchers Sugary drinks cause weight gain and increase the risk of a range of diseases, including diabetes.
	Measuring differential privacy could balance meaningful analytics and health care data security In industries such as health care, where data generation grows by 47% each year, information collected within electronic health records could help inform more efficient care operations or more accurate diagnoses. However, personal health data is highly protected and largely goes untouched by analysts and researchers.
	Video: What are gallstones? Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid, called bile, in your gallbladder. They range in size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball.
	Exploring challenges in learning for nursing students in Morocco Learning in real health care settings is crucial for nursing students. It helps them develop practical skills and apply what they learn in the classroom. However, many undergraduate nursing students find clinical learning to be tough, and the theory-practice gap is usually wide.

Other Sciences news

	Artifacts from the First Temple in the city of David accurately dated for a more precise timeline A team of archaeologists, antiquities specialists, Bible scholars and mass spectrometry specialists, affiliated with several institutions in Israel working with one colleague from the U.K. and another from the U.S., has dated material uncovered in the First Temple in the city of David, in Jerusalem, to an unpreceded level of accuracy.
	Study of new method used to preserve privacy with US census data suggests accuracy has suffered A small team of political scientists, statisticians and data scientists from Harvard University, New York University, and Yale University, has found that by switching to a new method to better protect privacy, the U.S. Census Department has introduced factors that reduce accuracy in some cases.
	How evolving landscapes impacted First Peoples' early migration patterns into Australia New research led by the University of Sydney offers fresh understanding of the migration patterns of Australia and New Guinea's First Peoples, and where they lived in the 40,000 years following humanity's arrival on the then combined continent. The work is published in the journal Nature Communications.
	Saturday Citations: Parrots on the internet; a map of human wakefulness; the most useless rare-earth element We field a torrent of science news updates every week and on Saturday morning, we highlight three or four of them based on the observed preferences of a panel of dogs as shown by the Paired-Stimulus Preference Assessment, a standardized evaluation of preferred stimuli. This week, the dogs selected stories about parrot-to-parrot video calling, loud human noises, and a new neural map of human wakefulness.
	Best of Last Week—Combining classical and nuclear physics, robot pollinators, stevia most brain compatible It was a good week for physics, as a team from the Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, working with the National Metrology Institute Braunschweig reported that classical quantum physics and nuclear physics can be combined. The researchers used a laser to transfer an atomic nucleus into a state of higher energy and precisely tracked its return to its original state. Also, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lami from the University of Amsterdam showed, using probabilistic calculations, that there is an 'entropy' of quantum entanglement. And a trio of physicists, two with the University of Ulm and the third with the University of Amsterdam, found a way to reveal the "quantumness" of gravity.
	How to spot fake online reviews (with a little help from AI) Before you buy something, or visit a new restaurant, or see a new film, you may be tempted to check out the online reviews. Researching what strangers think of the things we might like has become a familiar part of the modern consumer experience.
	How effective are domestic violence advertising campaigns for preventing violence against women? Domestic violence is a significant personal, community and social issue attracting much attention.
	Beautifully crafted Roman dodecahedron discovered in Lincoln—but what were they for? Roman dodecahedra are something of an enigma: there is no known mention of these 12-sided, hollow objects in ancient Roman texts or images. First discovered in the 18th century, around 130 dodecahedra have been found across the Roman Empire, although it is interesting that the majority have been found in northern Europe and Britain, and none have been found in Italy.
	How 'apocalypse' became a secular as well as religious idea The exponential growth of artificial intelligence over the past year has sparked discussions about whether the era of human domination of our planet is drawing to a close. The most dire predictions claim that the machines will take over within five to 10 years.
	Math degrees are becoming less accessible—and this is a problem for business, government and innovation There's a strange trend in mathematics education in England. Math is the most popular subject at A-level since overtaking English in 2014. It's taken by around 85,000 and 90,000 students a year.
	Cellphone ban won't address mental health, classroom concentration issues, say experts While a ban on cellphones in Ontario classrooms will temporarily keep them out of students' hands, the move will do little to support the mental health of youth across the province, say Brock University experts.
	How likely are English learners to graduate from high school? Study shows it depends on race, gender and income English learners are, on average, less likely to graduate high school in four years than students who never needed to learn English in school. But social identities like race and gender make a difference, and some groups of English learners are actually more likely to graduate, according to a new study by a team of education researchers at NYU and the University of Houston.
	Debates on campus safety in response to Palestine solidarity activism show we need strategies to navigate discomfort Canada's House of Commons Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights will soon begin hearings on antisemitism and Islamophobia. The process comes partly in response to claims that university and college campuses are unsafe spaces.
	Ancient scroll reveals new story of Plato's death—here's why you should be suspicious of it Plato of Athens (429–347 BC) may be one of the most famous philosophers of all times. He was the thinker who came up with the "theory of forms" and founded the first academic institution. Yet we know little about his life, such as how he died, or where he might be buried, even.
	As business districts evolve post-pandemic, repurposing old or empty spaces should be on the drawing board The COVID-19 pandemic and the hybrid work patterns it fostered have changed the way we think about office space, and central business districts in general. While fears of urban center "ghost towns" may have been premature, many cities around the world still face dilemmas over how best to adapt.
	License suspensions disproportionately hurt marginalized communities, finds study Drivers in New York state were issued more than 1 million license suspensions in 2017, and about two-thirds of them were for "traffic debt"—failure to pay a traffic ticket or to appear in traffic court—while less than 10% were for driving infractions.
	Do good lessons promote students' attention and behavior? Students are better able to regulate themselves in lessons that they consider to be particularly well implemented. This is the conclusion drawn from a study by the DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, published in the journal Learning and Instruction.
	Researchers explore raw materials and firing technology for porcelain from late sixth-century Xing kiln In the process of firing ceramics, the appearance, structure and properties of ceramics are determined by raw materials and firing technology, so the study of raw materials and firing technology of ancient ceramics has always been a very important archaeological science topic.
	Art-based approaches can encourage fresh perspectives on the future Art can contribute to futures thinking in various ways, such as inspiring alternative futures through mediums like science fiction in films and literature, encapsulating future scenarios through artistic illustrations, and posing thought-provoking questions that challenge our perceptions and understanding of the future.
	Self-critical perfectionism gnaws on students' well-being already in lower secondary school, says study Young people's perfectionism is manifested as concern over their competence and fear of making mistakes.
	Grief, unity, and resilience: Study examines the impact of memorial days in Israel A recent study at the Hebrew University examines the impact of memorial days in Israel on national unity amidst political polarization.
	Study explores whether psychological capital will help with work engagement in tough moments A quarrel with a co-worker, task overload, a difficult relationship with the boss; each of us reacts slightly differently to problematic events in our professional lives. Such events often result in decreased work motivation and engagement.
	Accountability standards based on rules of democracy needed in times of rising political violence, scholar argues When a family or group of friends sit down to play a familiar game they've played many times before, they generally don't need to refer to the rules—unless someone breaks them. The values of liberal democracy have been transgressed in numerous forms in the last decade, yet many are unfamiliar with what the "rule book" would say those values are.
	Researchers: To tackle gendered violence, Australia also needs to look at drugs, trauma and mental health After several highly publicized alleged murders of women in Australia, the Albanese government this week pledged more than A$925 million over five years to address men's violence towards women. This includes up to $5,000 to support those escaping violent relationships.
	Opinion: Why women would prefer to be alone in the woods with a bear than a man Would you rather find yourself alone in the woods with a bear or a man? This is the question currently dividing social media. Based on the responses online, it looks like most women answering the question say they would choose the bear, a decision that is shocking many men.
	Want to show teachers appreciation? This top school gives them more freedom When teachers at A.D. Henderson School, one of the top-performing schools in Florida, are asked how they succeed, one answer is universal: They have autonomy.
	Is Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wrong about a ban on NIH research about mass shootings? "Congress prohibits the NIH from researching the cause of mass shootings."
	Union advocate 'salts' quietly take jobs inside NC Amazon warehouse Around 5,000 people work at RDU1, Amazon's sprawling four-floor fulfillment center in the Wake County town of Garner. A few clock in harboring covert intentions.
	What Australia can learn from Latin America when it comes to tackling violence against women Fifty years ago, Australian feminist Anne Summers denounced "the ideology of sexism" governing over so many women's lives. Unfortunately, sexism is as lethal today as it was then.
	Giving Holocaust survivors a digital voice in the world With every year that passes, fewer witnesses can tell us about their personal experience of the horrors of the Second World War. That is why the project LediZ (Learning with Digital Testimonies) has developed new interactive digital media that conserve the memories of Holocaust survivors and make these available through the project's website.

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