Science X Newsletter Wed, May 1

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for May 1, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Generating graph states of atomic ensembles via photon-mediated entanglement
A miniature wireless robot that can effectively move through tubular structures
Horizontal running could help lunar astronauts retain physical conditioning
Scientists show that there is indeed an 'entropy' of quantum entanglement
Taam Ja' Blue Hole in Mexico's Chetumal Bay found to be deepest in the world
New findings point to an Earth-like environment on ancient Mars
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have unique and complex autoantibody patterns, study reveals
Popular teenagers sleep less than their peers, study finds
New observatory in Chile—the highest in the world—aims to reveal origins of planets, galaxies and more
Study in rats helps scientists work out the effects of exercise at the cellular level
Cell contraction drives the initial shaping of human embryos, study finds
Brain imaging study reveals connections critical to human consciousness
Scientists identify new brain circuit in mice that controls body's inflammatory reactions
New mRNA cancer vaccine triggers fierce immune response to fight malignant brain tumor
Long-term follow-up reports key findings and clinical messages from largest study of women's health in the US

Nanotechnology news

Researchers unlock potential of 2D magnetic devices for future computing

Imagine a future where computers can learn and make decisions in ways that mimic human thinking, but at a speed and efficiency that are orders of magnitude greater than the current capability of computers.

Physics news

	Generating graph states of atomic ensembles via photon-mediated entanglement Graph states, a class of entangled quantum states that can be represented by graphs, have been the topic of numerous recent physics studies, due to their intriguing properties. These unique properties could make them particularly promising for quantum computing applications, as well as a wider range of quantum technologies.
	Scientists show that there is indeed an 'entropy' of quantum entanglement Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lami from the University of Amsterdam have shown, through probabilistic calculations, that there is indeed, as had been hypothesized, a rule of entropy for the phenomenon of quantum entanglement.
	Physicists discover new way to make strange metal By tinkering with a quantum material characterized by atoms arranged in the shape of a sheriff's star, MIT physicists and colleagues have unexpectedly discovered a new way to make a state of matter known as a strange metal. Strange metals are of interest for their unusual physics and because they have been found in the high-temperature superconductors key to a variety of applications.
	New work reveals the 'quantumness' of gravity Gravity is part of our everyday life. Still, the gravitational force remains mysterious: to this day we do not understand whether its ultimate nature is geometrical, as Einstein envisaged, or governed by the laws of quantum mechanics.
	Researchers build new device that is a foundation for quantum computing Scientists led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst have adapted a device called a microwave circulator for use in quantum computers, allowing them for the first time to precisely tune the exact degree of nonreciprocity between a qubit, the fundamental unit of quantum computing, and a microwave-resonant cavity.
	CERN gives green light to build new experiment to search for unknown particles After many years of preparations, CERN has approved a new experiment: the Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP). Physicist Alexey Boyarsky was involved from the start. "We know there is physics that's missing and we aim to find it."
	High-intensity spatial-mode steerable frequency up-converter toward on-chip integration A study published in Opto-Electronic Science discusses high-intensity spatial-mode steerable frequency up-converter toward on-chip integration.

Earth news

	Taam Ja' Blue Hole in Mexico's Chetumal Bay found to be deepest in the world A small team of oceanographers from several institutions in Mexico has found evidence that the Taam Ja' Blue Hole in Mexico's Chetumal Bay, on the eastern side of the Yucatán Peninsula, is the deepest in the world. In their study published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science, the group made a dive deep into the hole along with a conductivity, temperature and depth profiler.
	Mystery behind huge opening in Antarctic sea ice solved Researchers have discovered the missing piece of the puzzle behind a rare opening in the sea ice around Antarctica, which was nearly twice the size of Wales and occurred during the winters of 2016 and 2017.
	New computer algorithm supercharges climate models and could lead to better predictions of future climate change Earth System Models—complex computer models that describe Earth processes and how they interact—are critical for predicting future climate change. By simulating the response of our land, oceans and atmosphere to manmade greenhouse gas emissions, these models form the foundation for predictions of future extreme weather and climate event scenarios, including those issued by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
	Do earthquake hazard maps predict higher shaking than actually occurred? Research finds discrepancy A new study by Northwestern University researchers and coworkers explains a puzzling problem with maps of future earthquake shaking used to design earthquake-resistant buildings. The research was published May 1 in the journal Science Advances in a paper titled "Why do seismic hazard maps worldwide appear to overpredict historical intensity observations?"
	Every breath you take: Following the journey of inhaled plastic particle pollution With recent studies having established the presence of nano and microplastic particles in the respiratory systems of both human and bird populations, a new study has modeled what happens when people breathe in different kinds of plastic particles and where they end up.
	New climate study shows cloud cover is easier to affect than previously thought A new analysis of cloud measurements from outside the coast of California, combined with global satellite measurements, reveals that even aerosol particles as small as 25–30 nanometers may contribute to cloud formation. Hence, the climate impact of small aerosols may be underestimated.
	Rock solid evidence: Angola geology reveals prehistoric split between South America and Africa An SMU-led research team has found that ancient rocks and fossils from long-extinct marine reptiles in Angola clearly show a key part of Earth's past—the splitting of South America and Africa and the subsequent formation of the South Atlantic Ocean.
	Improved AI process could better predict water supplies A new computer model uses a better artificial intelligence process to measure snow and water availability more accurately across vast distances in the West, information that could someday be used to better predict water availability for farmers and others.
	EPA underestimates methane emissions from landfills and urban areas, researchers find The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is underestimating methane emissions from landfills, urban areas and U.S. states, according to a new study led by researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).
	Study says El Nino, not climate change, was key driver of low rainfall that snarled Panama Canal The climate phenomenon known as El Niño—and not climate change—was a key driver in low rainfall that disrupted shipping at the Panama Canal last year, scientists said Wednesday.
	April temperatures in Bangladesh hottest on record Bangladesh's weather bureau said Wednesday that last month was the hottest April on record, with the South Asian nation and much of the region still enduring a suffocating heat wave.
	Tire toxicity faces fresh scrutiny after salmon die-offs For decades, concerns about automobile pollution have focused on what comes out of the tailpipe. Now, researchers and regulators say, we need to pay more attention to toxic emissions from tires as vehicles roll down the road.
	Some communities are more vulnerable to weather-related power outages in New York State Weather-related power outages in the United States have become nearly twice as common in the last 10 years compared to the previous decade. These outages, which can last most of a day, are more than an inconvenience: lack of power and related indoor temperature discomfort can exacerbate health conditions; lack of power also endangers the lives of people who are reliant on electricity-powered medical devices and/or elevators.
	Wondering what Australia might look like in a hotter world? Take a glimpse into the distant past Current concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in Earth's atmosphere are unprecedented in human history. But CO₂ levels today, and those that might occur in coming decades, did occur millions of years ago.
	Kenya's devastating floods expose decades of poor urban planning and bad land management Floods in Kenya killed at least 169 people between March and April 2024. The most catastrophic of these deaths occurred after a flash flood swept through a rural village killing 42 people. Death and destruction have also occurred in the capital, Nairobi, a stark reminder of the persistent failure to keep abreast of the city's rapid urbanization needs. Sean Avery, who has undertaken numerous flood and drainage studies throughout Africa, unpacks the problems and potential solutions.
	Investigating coal emissions reductions and mortality in China In 2012, China was the largest consumer of coal in the world. In 2013, the State Council of China issued the "China National Action Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Control," aiming to reduce emissions from coal combustion. The plan included renovations to small residential coal heating stoves as well as retrofits for coal-fired power plants, among other initiatives.
	Scientists find five new hydrothermal vents in Pacific Ocean The pace of discovery in the oceans leaped forward thanks to teamwork between a deep-sea robot and a human occupied submarine leading to the recent discovery of five new hydrothermal vents in the eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean.
	Precipitation may brighten Colorado River's future, says modeling study The Colorado River's future may be a little brighter than expected, according to a new modeling study from CIRES researchers. Warming temperatures, which deplete water in the river, have raised doubts the Colorado River could recover from a multi-decade drought. The new study fully accounts for both rising temperatures and precipitation in the Colorado's headwaters, and finds precipitation, not temperature, will likely continue to dictate the flow of the river for the next 25 years.
	Texans should prepare for hotter temperatures, greater risk of fire and flooding Weather conditions across the Lone Star State are getting more extreme and more dangerous by the year, according to a new report from Texas A&M University professor and State Climatologist John Nielsen-Gammon.
	Floods strand dozens of tourists in Kenya's Maasai Mara Nearly 100 tourists were among people marooned after a river overflowed in Kenya's famed Maasai Mara wildlife reserve following a heavy downpour, a local administrator said Wednesday, as the death toll from flood-related disasters neared 180.

Astronomy and Space news

	Horizontal running could help lunar astronauts retain physical conditioning A small team of pathophysiologists and human locomotion specialists at the University of Milan has found that it should be possible for astronauts on the moon to prevent muscle and bone deterioration by running horizontally in a cylinder. In their study, published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the group mimicked the effects of the moon's gravity on volunteer runners inside of a borrowed "wall of death."
	New findings point to an Earth-like environment on ancient Mars A research team using the ChemCam instrument onboard NASA's Curiosity rover discovered higher-than-usual amounts of manganese in lakebed rocks within Gale Crater on Mars, which indicates that the sediments were formed in a river, delta, or near the shoreline of an ancient lake. The results were published today in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.
	New observatory in Chile—the highest in the world—aims to reveal origins of planets, galaxies and more How do planets form? How do galaxies evolve? And ultimately, how did the universe itself begin? A unique astronomical observatory that researchers hope will unravel some of the biggest mysteries out there marks its opening on April 30, 2024.
	A 'cosmic glitch' in gravity: New model may explain strange behavior on a cosmic scale A group of researchers at the University of Waterloo and the University of British Columbia have discovered a potential "cosmic glitch" in the universe's gravity, explaining its strange behavior on a cosmic scale.
	NASA does Dragon shuffle prepping for Starliner launch Parking is at a premium at the International Space Station, but NASA and SpaceX cleared out one spot as a cargo Dragon spacecraft completed its trip home with a splashdown off the Florida coast.
	Euclid telescope: Scientist reports on his quest to understand the nature of dark matter and dark energy On July 1, 2023, Euclid, a unique European space telescope was launched from Cape Canaveral. The launch was undoubtedly the highlight of my career as an astronomer, but witnessing the result of years of work being put on a rocket is not for the faint of heart. Following a perfect launch, Euclid swiftly arrived to its planned orbit, about 1.5 million km aways from Earth. From this distant vantage point, it has started sending back sharp images that will cover nearly one-third of the sky by the end of this decade.
	NASA/JAXA's XRISM mission captures unmatched data with just 36 pixels At a time when phone cameras are capable of taking snapshots with millions of pixels, an instrument on the Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) satellite captures revolutionary science with just 36 of them.
	NASA balloons head north of Arctic Circle for long-duration flights NASA is set to begin launch operations mid-May for the 2024 Sweden Long-Duration Scientific Balloon Campaign. Four stadium-sized, scientific balloons carrying science missions and technology demonstrations are scheduled to lift off from Swedish Space Corporation's Esrange Space Center, situated north of the Arctic Circle near Kiruna, Sweden. The campaign will continue through early July.

Technology news

	A miniature wireless robot that can effectively move through tubular structures Robots have already proved to be promising tools to complete complex and demanding maintenance tasks. While engineers have developed a wide range of robots that could help to maintain and repair infrastructure, many of these robots need to be plugged into external power sources, which limits their real-world application.
	A new roadmap to close the carbon cycle A major approach to achieving net-zero carbon emissions relies on converting various parts of the economy, such as personal vehicles and heating, to run via electricity generated from renewable sources. But carbon cannot be removed from all parts of society. Plastics, ubiquitous in the modern world, cannot be decarbonized because they are made of carbon-based molecules.
	Science has an AI problem: Research group says they can fix it AI holds the potential to help doctors find early markers of disease and policymakers to avoid decisions that lead to war. But a growing body of evidence has revealed deep flaws in how machine learning is used in science, a problem that has swept through dozens of fields and implicated thousands of erroneous papers.
	Natural language boosts LLM performance in coding, planning and robotics Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly useful for programming and robotics tasks, but for more complicated reasoning problems, the gap between these systems and humans looms large. Without the ability to learn new concepts like humans do, these systems fail to form good abstractions—essentially, high-level representations of complex concepts that skip less-important details—and thus sputter when asked to do more sophisticated tasks.
	Amazon reports strong 1Q results driven by its cloud-computing unit and Prime Video ad dollars Amazon on Tuesday reported strong results for the first quarter, driven by growth in its cloud-computing unit and new advertising dollars from its Prime Video streaming service.
	Qantas says app glitch exposed passengers' travel details Qantas apologized Wednesday after a "technology issue" with its mobile app exposed users' travel details including their names, flights and points.
	Is bioenergy ever truly green? It depends on five key questions Plans to revive an old coal-fired power station using bioenergy are being considered in the Hunter region of New South Wales. Similar plans for the station have previously not gone ahead. As we grapple with decarbonization, bioenergy (energy derived from harvested trees and other plants) is often put on the table as an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels.
	Electric vehicles are usually safer for their occupants—but not necessarily for everyone else, says researcher The future of automobiles is electric, but many people worry about the safety of today's electric vehicles.
	US sanctions on Iranian hackers highlight growing concern about the Islamic Republic's cyberwarriors A feature of the simmering tensions between the US, Israel and Iran has been not just the tit-for-tat missile and drone strikes and assassinations, but accusations of cyberwarfare waged by Iran.
	Researchers conduct survey on deduplication systems A review published in the International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing has investigated ways in which the increasing problem of duplicate data in computer storage systems might be addressed. Solutions to this problem could improve storage efficiency, system performance, and reduce the overall demand on resources.
	Team develops efficient stochastic parallel gradient descent training for on-chip optical processors A new publication in Opto-Electronic Advances discusses efficient stochastic parallel gradient descent training for on-chip optical processors.
	An artificial mind, with a lifelike body: Amid a world of evolving AI, a Las Vegas man brings his creations to life You wanna see her move? I think that's the fun part.
	Meta's Canadian news ban could put people at risk during public emergencies The B.C. government recently announced plans to work with American tech company Meta this wildfire season to deliver important public safety information. Premier David Eby called it a "major step," and said he was appreciative that a deal could be reached.
	Q&A: What's behind the potential ban on TikTok? On April 24, President Joe Biden signed a foreign aid package that included a security addendum—a ban of the popular China-based social media app TikTok unless its parent company is sold to an American firm within nine months. With over 148 million monthly users in the United States, the bite-sized video app has been criticized for its highly addictive nature.
	Change Healthcare cyberattack was due to a lack of multifactor authentication, UnitedHealth CEO says The Change Healthcare cyberattack that disrupted health care systems nationwide earlier this year started when hackers entered a server that lacked a basic form of security: multifactor authentication.
	How to build and protect skills in our modern workplace, a world filled with AI and robots Researcher and technologist Matt Beane, an assistant professor in the Technology Management Department at UC Santa Barbara, is calling attention to an immediate and hidden concern in the modern workplace—and offering a surprising path forward.

Chemistry news

	Why you can taste more ethanol in a cold pint of beer or warm glass of baijiu We all have our own preferred drinking temperatures for different alcoholic beverages, with people commonly enjoying beer or white wine chilled, red wine near room temperature, or baijiu (Chinese whisky) or sake warmed.
	Researchers create new chemical compound to solve 120-year-old problem For the first time, chemists in the University of Minnesota Twin Cities College of Science and Engineering have created a highly reactive chemical compound that has eluded scientists for more than 120 years. The discovery could lead to new drug treatments, safer agricultural products, and better electronics. The study is published in Science.
	Research offers innovative approach to planar chiral substances In a recent study, Dr. Vojtěch Dočekal and Professor Jan Veselý from the Department of Organic Chemistry at the Faculty of Science, Charles University, have unveiled a highly efficient method for the preparation of planar chiral substances. Their research, centered on organocatalytic desymmetrization, has been published in Nature Communications.
	Researchers turn to two crops to tackle environmental harm of apparel made with synthetic fibers From risottos to sauces, mushrooms have long been a staple in the kitchen. Now fungi are showing the potential to serve up more than just flavor—as a sustainable, bendy material for the fashion industry.

Biology news

	Cell contraction drives the initial shaping of human embryos, study finds Human embryo compaction, an essential step in the first days of an embryo's development, is driven by the contractility of its cells. This is the finding of a team of scientists from CNRS, Institut Curie, Inserm, AP-HP and the Collège de France. Published in the journal Nature, these results contradict the presupposed driving role of cell adhesion in this phenomenon and pave the way for improved assisted reproductive technology (ART).
	Marriage of synthetic biology and 3D printing produces programmable living materials Scientists are harnessing cells to make new types of materials that can grow, repair themselves and even respond to their environment. These solid "engineered living materials" are made by embedding cells in an inanimate matrix that's formed in a desired shape. Now, researchers report in ACS Central Science that they have 3D printed a bioink containing plant cells that were then genetically modified, producing programmable materials. Applications could someday include biomanufacturing and sustainable construction.
	Fungal resistance in plants associated with heritable differences in microbiota abundances Sunflowers aren't just beautiful symbols of summer—they are also economically significant, ranking as the fourth most important oilseed crop in the world, and new research suggests that some bacteria might help protect the crop from white-mold destruction.
	Researchers develop genetic plant regeneration approach without the application of phytohormones For ages now, plants have been the primary source of nutrition for animals and mankind. Additionally, plants are used for the extraction of various medicinal and therapeutic compounds. However, their indiscriminate use, along with the rising demand for food, underscores the need for novel plant breeding practices.
	Discovery of an atypical heat shock factor, HSF5, involved in meiotic mechanisms has implications for male infertility Kumamoto University researchers have identified a novel heat shock factor (HSF), designated as HSF5, which plays a crucial role in the completion of meiosis and the activation of genes essential for sperm formation. This discovery provides valuable insights into underlying causes of spermatogenic failure, the major contributor to male infertility.
	Study: Airway hillocks challenge our understanding of lung biology Airway hillocks are mysterious, flat-topped structures that were only recently identified within regular lung tissue, and their role in airway biology and pathology has previously been unknown.
	Satellite images of plants' fluorescence can predict crop yields Cornell researchers and collaborators have developed a new framework that allows scientists to predict crop yield without the need for enormous amounts of high-quality data—which is often scarce in developing countries, especially those facing heightened food insecurity and climate risk.
	Marine sharks and rays 'use' urea to delay reproduction, finds study Urea—the main component of human urine—plays an important role in the timing of maturation of sharks, rays and other cartilaginous fish.
	Researchers discover key functions of therapeutically promising jumbo viruses Antibiotic medicines became a popular treatment for bacterial infections in the early 20th century and emerged as a transformational tool in human health. Through the middle of the century, novel antibiotics were regularly developed in the medication's golden age.
	This Texas veterinarian helped crack the mystery of bird flu in cows The first calls that Dr. Barb Petersen received in early March were from dairy owners worried about crows, pigeons and other birds dying on their Texas farms. Then came word that barn cats—half of them on one farm—had died suddenly.
	Archaea can be 'picky eaters': Study shows a group of parasitic microbes can change host metabolism A parasite that not only feeds off its host, but also makes the host change its own metabolism and thus biology: NIOZ microbiologists Su Ding and Joshua Hamm, Nicole Bale, Jaap Damsté and Anja Spang have shown this for the very first time in a specific group of parasitic microbes called DPANN archaea. Their study, published in Nature Communications, shows that these archaea are very "picky eaters," which might drive their hosts to change the menu.
	Mass fish die-off in Vietnam as heat wave roasts Southeast Asia Hundreds of thousands of fish have died in a reservoir in southern Vietnam's Dong Nai province, with locals and media reports suggesting a brutal heat wave and the lake's management are to blame.
	Texans encouraged to turn off nighttime lights during bird migration Texas residents who look up at the night sky over the next few weeks might catch a glimpse of an avian superhighway.
	Researchers find that calcium can protect potato plants from bacterial wilt Scientists have discovered that calcium plays a significant role in enhancing the resistance of potato plants to bacterial wilt. This disease causes worldwide losses of potatoes costing $19 billion per year. The findings open up new avenues for integrated disease management strategies, including the potential for calcium amendments to soil as a part of a comprehensive approach to controlling bacterial wilt in potatoes.
	More than half of cats on farm died after drinking milk from cows infected with bird flu In yet another sign that bird flu is spreading widely among mammals, a new report finds more than half of cats at the first Texas dairy farm to have cows test positive for bird flu this spring died after drinking raw milk.
	Sourdough under the microscope reveals microbes cultivated over generations Sourdough is the oldest kind of leavened bread in recorded history, and people have been eating it for thousands of years. The components of creating a sourdough starter are very simple—flour and water. Mixing them produces a live culture where yeast and bacteria ferment the sugars in flour, making byproducts that give sourdough its characteristic taste and smell. They are also what make it rise in the absence of other leavening agents.
	Study reveals uniqueness of naturally occurring monodominant forests in the Republic of Congo A recent study published in the journal Plant Ecology and Evolution gives valuable insights into forest stands of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (G. dewevrei) in the Sangha Trinational region.
	New Japanese lily species identified, first addition to sukashiyuri group in 110 years A new species of the Japanese lily known as sukashiyuri has been identified for the first time since 1914 by a research team led by Dr. Seita Watanabe, a specially appointed assistant professor at the Botanical Gardens and the Graduate School of Science at Osaka Metropolitan University. The findings were published in Taxon.
	Baby orangutan born at Tampa's Busch Gardens via C-section is a rare feat Luna loved the ultrasound game. The 26-year-old orangutan at Busch Gardens would come up to the mesh screening that separates the primates from the humans that care for them and happily present her belly.
	A new tool for plant long non-coding RNA identification Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are ubiquitous transcripts with crucial regulatory roles in various biological processes, including chromatin remodeling, post-transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modifications. While accumulating evidence elucidates mechanisms by which plant lncRNAs modulate growth, root development, and seed dormancy, their accurate identification remains challenging due to a lack of plant-specific methods.
	US Republicans vote to remove wolf protections The Republican-majority US House of Representatives on Tuesday passed a bill that would remove endangered species protections for the gray wolf across much of the country, sparking outrage among conservationists.
	Pet dogs and strays suffer in Asia heat wave Soaring temperatures across Kolkata have brought life in much of the Indian megacity to a standstill, but veterinarian Partha Das cannot recall a time when he was more busy.
	USDA testing beef for H5N1 amid current outbreak in dairy cows On April 29, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced that it is now testing ground beef for any presence of the H5N1 virus that continues to spread among dairy cows.

Medicine and Health news

	Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have unique and complex autoantibody patterns, study reveals Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) all have a unique and diverse set of antibodies that are involved in the development of the disease. Researchers at Utrecht University unveiled the complexity of these antibodies using powerful lab tools capable of analyzing our immune system at molecular levels. Their discovery suggests that current assumptions about the origin of RA are too simple. Their findings may point towards improved diagnostics.
	Popular teenagers sleep less than their peers, study finds Due to a later melatonin onset and increased alertness in the evening, teenagers often find it hard to fall asleep at a time that would allow them to clock up the recommended eight to ten hours of sleep each night.
	Study in rats helps scientists work out the effects of exercise at the cellular level The health benefits of exercise are well known but new research shows that the body's response to exercise is more complex and far-reaching than previously thought. In a study on rats, a team of scientists from across the United States has found that physical activity causes many cellular and molecular changes in all 19 of the organs they studied in the animals.
	Brain imaging study reveals connections critical to human consciousness In a paper titled, "Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness," published in Science Translational Medicine, a group of researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, created a connectivity map of a brain network that they propose is critical to human consciousness.
	Scientists identify new brain circuit in mice that controls body's inflammatory reactions The brain can direct the immune system to an unexpected degree, capable of detecting, ramping up and tamping down inflammation, shows a new study in mice from researchers at Columbia's Zuckerman Institute.
	New mRNA cancer vaccine triggers fierce immune response to fight malignant brain tumor In a first-ever human clinical trial of four adult patients, an mRNA cancer vaccine developed at the University of Florida quickly reprogrammed the immune system to attack glioblastoma, the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor.
	Long-term follow-up reports key findings and clinical messages from largest study of women's health in the US Researchers from the Brigham and colleagues report on the long-term follow-up of the largest study of women's health in the U.S., shedding light on the role of menopausal hormone therapy, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and a low-fat dietary pattern among postmenopausal women
	A sum greater than its parts: Time-restricted eating and high-intensity exercise work together to improve health Combining time-restricted eating with high-intensity functional training may improve body composition and cardiometabolic parameters more than either alone, according to a study published May 1, 2024, in PLOS ONE by Ranya Ameur and Rami Maaloul from the University of Sfax, Tunisia, and colleagues.
	Experimental vaccine targets portions of the flu virus that don't change Duke researchers have opened a new avenue in the attack against influenza viruses by creating a vaccine that encourages the immune system to target a portion of the virus surface that is less variable.
	Research on how dietary choline travels through the blood-brain barrier reveals pathway for treating brain disorders A University of Queensland researcher has found molecular doorways that could be used to help deliver drugs into the brain to treat neurological disorders.
	Father's gut microbes affect the next generation in mouse study A study from the Hackett group at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Rome shows that disrupting the gut microbiome of male mice increases the risk of disease in their future offspring.
	Researchers identify causal genetic variant linked to common childhood obesity Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have identified a causal genetic variant strongly associated with childhood obesity. The study provides new insight into the importance of the hypothalamus of the brain and its role in common childhood obesity, and the target gene may serve as a druggable target for future therapeutic interventions. The findings are published in the journal Cell Genomics.
	Cardiologists train large AI model to assess heart structure, function Artificial intelligence experts at Cedars-Sinai and the Smidt Heart Institute created a dataset with more than 1 million echocardiograms, or cardiac ultrasound videos, and their corresponding clinical interpretations. Using this database, they created EchoCLIP, a powerful machine learning algorithm that can "interpret" echocardiogram images and assess key findings.
	Closing the US/Mexico border during COVID-19 increased HIV transmission, study finds The border crossing separating San Diego, California, from Tijuana, Mexico, is a dynamic place. When it was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, drug tourism from San Diego to Tijuana continued. This provided a flow of people in both directions, bringing with them not only the virus that causes COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) but also the virus that causes AIDS (HIV).
	Identifying risks of human flea infestations in plague-endemic areas of Madagascar Madagascar is one of the last places where outbreaks of human bubonic plague still happen regularly. Fleas carrying the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis can spread the disease through their bites. And while a species commonly known as "the rat flea" has been fingered as the main culprit in plague outbreaks, a species known as "the human flea" may play a secondary role.
	Researchers find difference in pancreatic cancer cells, offering new hope for immunotherapy effectiveness A new study has found that pancreatic cancer cells are different based on their location in the pancreas, providing new information about tumors that could lead to better targeted treatments.
	Study finds little gender difference in the perception of ambient room temperature A large team of medical researchers at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, has found very slight gender differences in temperature perception of a room at ambient conditions and very few gender differences in physiological response to a perceived chill.
	Study sheds light on the debate around two types of shoulder replacement surgery for osteoarthritis A new study has provided valuable insights into the ongoing debate surrounding two types of shoulder replacement surgery: reverse total shoulder replacement and anatomical total shoulder replacement as a treatment for patients with osteoarthritis.
	Two-punch treatment delivers blood cancer knockout: Study shows drug combo eradicates cancer cells in lab-based tests A novel combination of two cancer drugs has shown great potential as a future treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), one of the most common types of blood cancers. A new study by WEHI researchers has revealed the combination of two existing drugs eradicated AML cancer cells in lab-based tests.
	AI experts explore ethical use of video technology to support patients at risk of falls Video-enabled glasses have the potential to support patients at risk of falls by allowing medical staff to monitor how they move around their homes and their community. However, with privacy concerns at the forefront of this new technology, academics at Northumbria University have carried out a cutting-edge study into the ethical use of AI to ensure video footage can be obscured to ensure patient privacy.
	First effective treatment found for spitting cobra snakebite Scientists have discovered a new snakebite treatment to prevent the devastating tissue damage caused by African spitting cobra venom.
	New study supports psilocybin's potential as an antidepressant Psilocybin—the active ingredient in "magic" mushrooms—is a more effective treatment for symptoms of depression than controls, providing further support for its potential as an antidepressant, suggests a study published by The BMJ today.
	Scientists say sleep resets brain connections—but only for first few hours During sleep, the brain weakens the new connections between neurons that had been forged while awake—but only during the first half of a night's sleep, according to a new study in fish by UCL scientists.
	With huge patient dataset, AI accurately predicts treatment outcomes Scientists have designed a new artificial intelligence model that emulates randomized clinical trials to determine the treatment options most effective at preventing stroke in people with heart disease.
	Preclinical study finds novel stem cell therapy boosts neural repair after cardiac arrest Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) have identified an innovation in stem cell therapy to regenerate neural cells in the brain after cardiac arrest in an animal model. The study led by Xiaofeng Jia, BM, MS, Ph.D., FCCM, Professor of Neurosurgery, found that the application of modified sugar molecules on human neural stem cells improved the likelihood of the therapy's success.
	Study finds ChatGPT fails at heart risk assessment Despite ChatGPT's reported ability to pass medical exams, new research indicates it would be unwise to rely on it for some health assessments, such as whether a patient with chest pain needs to be hospitalized.
	Unraveling the roles of non-coding DNA explains childhood cancer's resistance to chemotherapy St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists have identified specific DNA variants in the non-coding regions of the genome contributing to chemotherapy resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The results guided the team to unravel the mechanism behind a previously unknown contributor to therapeutic resistance. The discovery was enabled by combining new technologies to overcome previous limitations in understanding the non-coding genome, which could be adapted to other types of cancer and diseases.
	New technique improves T cell-based immunotherapies for solid tumors Scientists from Scripps Research have enhanced an existing immunotherapy by removing the sugar coating surrounding solid tumors—such as in melanoma, breast, and prostate cancer—so T cells can more effectively kill tumor cells. They report in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering that this tweak allows T cells to get closer to their targets, which dramatically improves T-cell killing of tumor cells in mouse models.
	Global study reveals stark differences between females and males in disease burden causes Globally, there are substantial differences between females and males (aged 10 and older) when it comes to health, with limited progress in bridging these health gaps over the past 30 years, according to a new study examining the disparities in the 20 leading causes of disease burden between females and males, across ages and regions, published in The Lancet Public Health.
	Machine learning tool identifies rare, undiagnosed immune disorders through patients' electronic health records Researchers say a machine learning tool can identify many patients with rare, undiagnosed diseases years earlier than current methods, potentially improving outcomes and reducing cost and morbidity. The findings, led by researchers at UCLA Health, are described in Science Translational Medicine.
	Researcher discusses mechanism behind a birth defect affecting brain size Nonsense-mediated RNA decay, or NMD, is an evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanism in which potentially defective messenger RNAs, or mRNAs (genetic material that instructs the body on how to make proteins), are degraded. Disruption of the NMD pathway can lead to neurological disorders, immune diseases, cancers, and other pathologies. Mutations in human NMD regulators are seen in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and intellectual disability.
	Study finds network of inflammatory molecules may act as biomarker for risk of future cerebrovascular disease A simple blood test could allow doctors to determine whether a person may be at higher risk for stroke or cognitive decline during their lifetime, according to a new UCLA Health study.
	Brief anger may impair blood vessel function, says new research A brief episode of anger triggered by remembering past experiences may negatively impact the blood vessels' ability to relax, which is essential for proper blood flow, according to new research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
	Women are 40% more likely to experience depression during perimenopause, finds study Women are 40% more likely to experience depression in perimenopause than those who aren't experiencing any menopausal symptoms, finds a new study led by UCL researchers.
	Withdrawal of stop-smoking pill could lead to thousands of avoidable deaths The disruption to the supply of a prescription medicine that helps people stop smoking may have led to thousands fewer people quitting each year in England, which will lead to avoidable deaths in future, suggests a new study led by UCL (University College London) researchers.
	New survey finds 75% of Americans feel mental health takes back seat to physical health within US health care system Three-quarters of Americans feel that mental health conditions are identified and treated with much less care than physical health issues within the U.S. health care system, even as more than 80% perceive a dramatic rise in prevalence of mental health issues in the last five years, according to a new survey from West Health and Gallup released at the start of Mental Health Awareness Month and Older Americans Month.
	Survey finds young adults more likely to believe myths about sun protection and skin cancer prevention A new national survey by the Orlando Health Cancer Institute finds nearly a third (32%) of Americans agree that a tan makes people look better and healthier, a dangerous beauty standard that experts say can lead to risky behavior when it comes to sun exposure.
	Study: Better win ratio for NBA western time zone area (PDT) home teams when playing EDT teams, compared to vice versa The body clock has a significant impact on the performance of NBA players, according to study published in Chronobiology International.
	US to reclassify cannabis as low-risk drug, in major shift US President Joe Biden's administration is set to reclassify marijuana as a less dangerous drug, an official said Tuesday—a historic shift that would bring federal policy more in line with public opinion.
	Exposed to Agent Orange at US bases, veterans face cancer without VA compensation As a young GI at Fort Ord in Monterey County, California, Dean Osborn spent much of his time in the oceanside woodlands, training on soil and guzzling water from streams and aquifers now known to be contaminated with cancer-causing pollutants.
	Deep-learning decoding for a noninvasive brain-computer interface Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to make life easier for people with motor or speech disorders, allowing them to manipulate prosthetic limbs and employ computers, among other uses. In addition, healthy and impaired people alike could enjoy BCI-based gaming.
	US long-term care costs are sky-high, but Washington state's new way to help pay for them could be nixed If you needed long-term care, could you afford it? For many Americans, especially those with a middle-class income and little savings, the answer to that question is absolutely not.
	For parents of kids with food allergies, social media can bring support—and stress Having a child with food allergies isn't easy to manage, and now new research shows that most of these parents turn to social media for medical advice.
	Organic walnuts tied to serious E. coli illnesses Organic walnuts from a California grower that were distributed to health food and co-op stores in 19 states have been linked to serious cases of E. coli illness, federal officials reported Tuesday.
	How anger could raise your heart risks Feeling angry constricts blood vessels in unhealthy ways and could raise a person's long-term odds for heart disease, new research warns.
	EPA clamps down on deadly toxin found in paint strippers A toxin found in paint strippers that's responsible for 85 U.S. deaths over the past five decades will be phased out for many uses, under an Environmental Protection Agency rule finalized Tuesday.
	Hepatitis B is globally underassessed and undertreated, especially among women and Asian minorities in the West New evidence reveals global underassessment and undertreatment of chronic hepatitis B (HBV), especially among women and Asian minorities in the West, a new study in the Journal of Hepatology details.
	Emergency departments may frequently miss signs of epilepsy in children A subtle type of seizure goes undetected two thirds of the time in pediatric emergency departments, a new study shows.
	Positive response to Botox injection predicts better results of migraine surgery Preoperative Botox injections are a useful test for predicting how well patients with chronic migraine will respond to nerve decompression surgery, reports a study in the May issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
	Understanding youth nicotine use to prevent initiation and escalation Using multiple nicotine products can be associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence among youth and increased mortality in adults, compared with the use of one product alone. Yale researchers have now uncovered factors that contribute to adolescents using multiple nicotine products.
	How fentanyl and COVID-19 pandemic reshaped the racial profile of overdose deaths in US For as long as statistics about opioid overdose deaths have been collected in the United States, white individuals have been much more likely to die than Black individuals of the same age. With the rapidly increasing rate of fentanyl overdoses in the late 2010s, that trend began to reverse—by the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, more Black Americans began to die of opioid overdoses and from drug overdoses of any kind, according to researchers at Penn State.
	Researcher explains the human toll of language that makes addiction feel worse When Mass General transplant hepatologist Wei Zhang says he wants his colleagues to think before they speak, he has the tragedy of a recent patient in mind.
	Advanced cancer is no longer rapidly fatal: New global care standards can help survivors In the past, advanced or metastatic cancers were rapidly fatal, however with new treatments people with these cancers can now survive for a long time, sometimes many years. They have unique and complex care needs but because they usually can't be cured, and do not yet need palliative care, they can often be overlooked.
	Female athletes likelier to get injured at certain points in their menstrual cycle, finds study Soccer players in England's top-tier WSL were six times more likely to experience a muscle injury in the days leading up to their period compared to when they were on their period, according to new research from UCL, the University of Bath and St. Mary's University.
	Meaningful depictions of death in film help bereaved people to cope, research shows People actively engaging with death, for instance by reading about it, and then watching a film where that subject is central, learn to deal with death better. This is shown in research, by Enny Das and Anneke de Graaf from Radboud University, published in the journal Communication Research.
	BRD7 research points to alternative insulin signaling pathway Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) was initially identified as a tumor suppressor, but further research has shown it has a broader role in other cellular processes, including the remodeling of chromosomes and cell cycle progression.
	Pasteurized donor milk may lose essential hormones Pre-term babies consuming donor breast milk may be missing out on important hormones, such as melatonin, which are crucial for healthy infant development according to La Trobe University research.
	Mapping a way to identify neighborhoods with a high risk of severe child asthma An index of neighborhood environmental and social conditions can help to predict the risk of severe asthma among children at the hyperlocal level, according to a study led by Emily Skeen, MD, a University of Colorado School of Medicine fellow.
	Walking for transport at least once a week may help some older people live longer Older adults who walked for transport instead of taking a car, at least once a week, lived longer than those who didn't, Monash University-led research has found.
	Premature menopause linked to increased musculoskeletal pain and likelihood of sarcopenia Musculoskeletal pain is a prevalent menopause symptom, which helps explain why women typically experience more pain than men, especially around the age of 50 years. Beyond pain, muscle function and mass are also affected by menopause.
	Weight-bearing activity ups incident knee osteoarthritis in people with low lower-limb muscle mass: Study Weight-bearing activity appears tied to incident knee osteoarthritis (OA) in people who have low levels of lower-limb muscle mass, according to a study published online April 30 in JAMA Network Open.
	A new look at cancer treatments during pregnancy For an OB-GYN, one of the worst-case scenarios runs like this: A woman comes in, overjoyed that she is finally pregnant after years of fertility treatments. Then a month later, she finds out she has cancer—news that is devastating for the patient and difficult for the doctor because options, both practically and politically, can be limited.
	Mobility may have dose-response relationship with ICU patient outcomes More out-of-bed mobility interventions for critically ill patients were associated with shorter mechanical ventilation duration and hospital stays, suggesting a dose-response relationship between daily mobility and patient outcomes, according to a study published in the American Journal of Critical Care.
	Q&A: AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine and blood clots—what you need to know Pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca admitted in court this week that its COVID-19 vaccine can cause a rare but deadly blood-clotting condition that has become the central focus of a class-action lawsuit worth potentially $125 million.
	'Stop sign' disclosures on ultra-processed food found to have a positive effect Marketing researchers at the University of Arkansas examined the usefulness of "stop sign" disclosures on ultra-processed food packaging and found that such warnings can counterbalance positive—and possibly misleading or inaccurate—claims by marketers. The researchers' study was published in the Journal of Business Research.
	Keeping the noise down for ICU patients New research by Edith Cowan University (ECU) and Fiona Stanley Hospital aims to decrease noise levels in intensive care units (ICUs) by implementing improvements in acoustic design.
	Can Connections and Wordle games from the New York Times improve cognitive function as you age? Every day, millions of people across the globe fill their morning commute or lunch break with New York Times games such as Wordle or Connections.
	Report shows Americans of Pacific island ethnicity have up to triple the rate of cancer deaths The American Cancer Society (ACS) today released Cancer Facts & Figures for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, & Other Pacific Islander People, 2024-2026. This report shows that despite limited disaggregated data, there is wide variation in the cancer burden among ethnic groups that make up this fast-growing population.
	Social determinants of health tied to atherosclerotic CVD risk Both individual- and area-level social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
	Long-term smell, but not taste, deficits seen after COVID-19 Olfactory dysfunction, especially for smell, is more common in individuals with prior COVID-19 versus individuals with no history of infection, with deficits varying by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant type, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
	Researchers identify biomarkers in blood to predict liver cancer Early detection has the potential to transform treatment and outcomes in cancer care, especially for cancers like liver cancer, which is typically diagnosed at a late stage with limited options for cure. A new study led by investigators from Mass General Brigham and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center suggests that proteins detectable in the blood could improve predictions about risk of liver cancer years before typical diagnosis.
	Organ transplant drug may slow Alzheimer's disease progression Protein imbalances that increase brain cell excitability may explain why individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who also experience seizures demonstrate more rapid cognitive decline than those who do not experience seizures. These imbalances may be present in the brains of individuals before the onset of AD symptoms.
	Study shows the dramatic impact of extreme poverty on mortality in a racially diverse low-income population During the past 40 years, the gap between rich and poor Americans has continued to widen in terms of health and mortality, as well as income.
	Study finds private equity expanding to mental health facilities Private equity firms now account for as much as a quarter of practices providing behavioral health services in some states, according to a new study by researchers from Oregon Health & Science University, the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University.
	Conscious memories of childhood maltreatment strongly associated with psychopathology New analysis from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's College London has found that an individual's conscious recollection of child maltreatment is strongly associated with psychopathology.
	Researchers examine experiences of 2SLGBTQIA+ parents and caregivers who use support services for young children The health care sector plays a vital role in supporting early childhood development and providing resources to parents and caregivers, to ensure their children are thriving. However, parents who identify as Two-Spirit (2S) or as LGBTQIA+ continue to face heteronormative messaging when accessing such resources and support services.
	Women without children are significantly more physically active than mothers, study finds Mothers in Denmark are at a 24% higher risk of not getting enough exercise compared to women in the same age group who have not given birth.
	Osteoporosis screening rates low for Asian American Medicare beneficiaries Rates of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening for osteoporosis are lower than expected for Asian American Medicare beneficiaries, according to a study published in Skeletal Radiology.
	VR environment for teens may offer an accessible, affordable way to reduce stress Social media. The climate crisis. Political polarization. The tumult of a pandemic and online learning. Teens today are dealing with unprecedented stressors, and over the past decade, their mental health has been in sustained decline. Levels of anxiety and depression rose after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
	Study finds social-media break has significant impact on young women's body image There's a large and growing body of evidence pointing to potentially negative impacts of social media on mental health, from its addictive nature to disruptions in sleep patterns to effects on body image. Now, a new study coming out of York University's Faculty of Health found young women who took a social media break for as little as one week had a significant boost in self-esteem and body image—particularly those most vulnerable to thin-ideal internalization.
	Study indicates that cancer patients gain important benefits from genome-matched treatments In 2016, The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) launched the Maine Cancer Genomics Initiative (MCGI) to bring the latest progress in cancer care to rural Maine patients. Now, after successfully expanding access to genome tumor testing and targeted cancer treatments throughout Maine, the MCGI team provides compelling evidence that genome-matched treatments can provide significant patient benefit.
	Researchers examine implementation of psychosocial support program for adolescents with cancer Social isolation is a difficult experience for many people and was particularly distressing during the COVID-19 pandemic. For adolescents who are immunocompromised, physical distancing can be important in managing their risk of serious infection, but it can be an especially negative experience during some of their most formative years.
	A novel deep proteomic approach unveils molecular signatures affected by aging and resistance training A new research paper was published in Aging titled, "A novel deep proteomic approach in human skeletal muscle unveils distinct molecular signatures affected by aging and resistance training."
	Chinese scientist who published COVID-19 virus sequence allowed back in his lab after sit-in protest The first scientist to publish a sequence of the COVID-19 virus in China said he was allowed back into his lab after he spent days locked outside, sitting in protest.
	Reasons to be a living kidney donor Nearly 100,000 people in the U.S. are on the waiting list for kidney transplant, according to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Finding a donor kidney that is compatible and matches the right blood and tissue types can be the biggest challenge, especially when the donor pool isn't as large as the number of people who need a transplant.
	Good carbs for optimal health Do you push away the breadbasket or opt out of any meal that includes macaroni? If so, chances are you are one of the millions of people watching your carbs, or carbohydrates.
	Five reasons your blood pressure medication isn't working Keeping your blood pressure in check is a good way to lower your risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. So, you follow orders, take your prescribed medication, and proudly accept your doctor's praise when the blood pressure cuff demonstrates continued success. Until it doesn't.
	Psychiatrist discusses unruly sports parents' effect on children's mental health Children's sporting events are a fun time to cheer on the kids and socialize, but they can quickly go south if parents act excessively competitive. A Baylor College of Medicine child and adolescent psychiatrist details the impact of poor sports behavior on kids.
	Trial by YouTube: Prejudicial views of mental health labels formed following trial of Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Viewing expert testimony during the court case of Amber Heard and Johnny Depp led to highly prejudicial views of the mental health difficulties of both parties being formed, a new study by students at the University of Surrey reveals. The findings, published in the journal BJPsych Bulletin, suggest these views were considerably more negative than their views about mental illness beforehand.
	Life expectancy in two disadvantaged areas in England higher than expected Better than expected life expectancy in two disadvantaged areas in England is probably due to population change according to local residents and professionals.
	Three ways to protect your heart and brain Every 40 seconds someone in the U.S. has a stroke and 1 in 4 stroke survivors will have another one. During May, American Stroke Month, the American Stroke Association, a division of the American Heart Association, is raising awareness nationwide that stroke is largely preventable, treatable and beatable.
	So, you've lost weight using Wegovy. Does that mean you can stop taking it? Millions of Americans who have dropped pounds and boosted their health using popular obesity drugs like Wegovy are facing a new dilemma: What happens if they stop taking them?
	France sends doctors to tackle Mayotte cholera outbreak France has sent 18 more doctors and nurses to its Indian Ocean island of Mayotte to help contain a cholera outbreak, Health Minister Frederic Valletoux announced on Wednesday.
	How to stay sun-safe this summer Clear skies, warm days and free time set the stage for more people being active during the approaching summer months. A dermatologist at Baylor College of Medicine reminds outdoor enthusiasts about the importance of protecting your skin against the sun and offers tips for a few key outdoor activities.

Other Sciences news

	Revised dating of the Liujiang skeleton renews understanding of human occupation of China The emergence of Homo sapiens in Eastern Asia has long been a subject of intense research interest, with the scarcity of well-preserved and dated human fossils posing significant challenges.
	Religious intolerance predicts science denial, surveys suggest Does being more religious make a person more likely to reject scientific findings? Or is it the level of intolerance of other religions that better predicts rejection of science?
	Rough seas or smooth sailing? The cruise industry is booming despite environmental concerns Cruise ship season is officially underway in British Columbia. The season kicked off with the arrival of Norwegian Bliss on April 3—the first of 318 ships that are scheduled to dock in Victoria this year. Victoria saw a record 970,000 passengers arrive in 2023, with more expected in 2024.
	Opinion: GDP not enough to measure a country's development. What if we used Sustainable Development Goals instead? Gross domestic product (GDP) has long been the main indicator of economic growth used almost everywhere in the world.
	Q&A: Jobs for young Africans—new data tool reveals trends and red flags An estimated 23.6 million young Africans (aged 15–35) are unemployed—that's one in 22 (4.5%). With this number projected to grow to 27 million by 2030, the need for jobs is critical. But the key to good policies for job creation is good data.
	Business and management graduates can become sustainability champions—lessons from Uganda and Tanzania There is no doubt about it: the world is in the grips of a climate crisis. The headlines are full of reports about extreme weather events and the negative effects of the fossil fuel industry.
	Young people in Philly's toughest neighborhoods explain how violence disrupts their physical and mental health In 2023, 410 people were murdered in Philadelphia—more than a quarter of them under age 25. In addition to the people who died, countless others lost loved ones and people they relied on.
	Gen Zers and millennials are still big fans of books—even if they don't call themselves 'readers' Identifying with an activity is different from actually doing it.
	Rising tides, sinking stocks: Study explores cost of climate change As the financial implications of climate change continue to soar, a forthcoming journal article explores its effects on company values.
	Analysis of minority-serving institutions demonstrates layered processes to build students' capacities The model minority myth paints a picture of Asian Americans as a monolithic group with unparalleled success in academics. A new NYU study unpacks this myth, exploring the needs of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander students and how higher education institutions support these populations.
	Study finds distinct patterns lead to domestic partner homicide A new study has explored the complex patterns which lead to an intimate partner homicide (IPH), in an effort to better understand and prevent the tragic event happening.
	Anthropologist's research sheds light on the growing population of non-religious Moroccans A growing group of Moroccans is non-religious. The research of anthropologist Lena Richter sheds light on how young, urban atheists in Morocco and Europe use subtle forms of activism to normalize their non-religious identity. Richter will be defending her Ph.D. thesis on this topic at Radboud University on 8 May.
	Rap music is being used as evidence to convict children of serious crimes: Report New research from the University of Manchester has found that children are being swept up in murder and attempted murder cases—and being tried in adult courts—partly due to rap music culture being used as evidence against them.
	Survey: Most workers feel that AI can't replace soft skills A new survey from Wiley suggests workers do not feel artificial intelligence (AI) will be replacing the art of communication in the workplace.
	Friends with health benefits: How a friend might make pursuing goals more attainable Weekly targets, annual resolutions, five-year plans—all of them so troublingly elusive. With best intentions, most of us fail to stick with the goals we set.
	Study examines US public opinion of 'would-be' mass shooters The unpredictable and widespread threat of mass shootings can affect anyone anywhere. Interrupting the process of planning and conducting a mass shooting is a matter of public safety. However, the public's willingness to both "see something" and "say something," especially when loved ones or associates are involved, hinges on whether the informant believes the criminal justice system will handle the situation effectively and fairly.
	Study shows a tale of two social media platforms for Donald Trump Truth Social was more effective at driving news attention toward Donald Trump during the 2022 midterm election cycle than Twitter (now known as X) was during the 2016 primary election season, a pattern driven mostly by partisan media on the left and the right, according to a new paper by a University at Buffalo communication researcher.
	Study: World War II plant construction expanded high-wage manufacturing jobs, benefiting residents and their children In a new study, researchers have examined the long-term effects of government-led construction of manufacturing plants during World War II on the regions where they were built and on residents. The study found that wartime construction had large and persistent effects on local development, expanding relatively high-wage manufacturing employment throughout the postwar era, and that these long-term benefits were shared by prewar residents and their children.
	Feathers, cognition and global consumerism in colonial Amazonia Amazonia is the home of the largest variety of birds in the world. In such a unique environment, craft cultures have flourished by translating the beauty and creativity of environmental materials like feathers into stunning pieces of art.
	Australians are more likely to have partners who don't share their political views than 25 years ago Australian men and women are both becoming more progressive across generations, my recent research shows. But young women are more left-leaning than young men—so there is a gender gap, reflecting a global trend.
	'Make me a sandwich': An Australian survey's disturbing picture of how some boys treat their teachers Australia is once again grappling with how we can stop gendered violence in our country. Protests over the weekend show there is enormous community anger over the number of women who are dying and National Cabinet meets on Wednesday to specifically discuss the issue.
	Will New Zealand's school phone ban work? Let's see what it does for students' curiosity With the coalition government's ban of student mobile phones in New Zealand schools coming into effect this week, reaction has ranged from the skeptical (kids will just get sneakier) to the optimistic (most kids seem okay with it).
	Opinion: Time for Scotland to follow the rest of the UK and punish violent partners who cause pregnancy loss On May 2, the Scottish Parliament will debate whether it should be a crime in Scotland to cause the loss of a partner's or former partner's pregnancy through violence or abuse.
	Violence against women is both a legal and cultural problem. What can Australia do to address it? Australia is finally having a sustained conversation about violence against women and what we can do about it.
	One in five 10-year-olds in the UK experience physical punishment, reports study More than 1 in 5 10-year-olds experienced physical punishment in 2020 and 2021 in the U.K., reports a new research briefing by UCL researchers.

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