Science X Newsletter Wed, Oct 25

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 25, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A robot that can detect subtle noises in its surroundings and use them to localize nearby humans

Astronomers discover new almost dark galaxy

A new formula to calculate the strength of thin conical structures

Second-brightest gamma-ray burst ever seen observed creating elements needed for life

Scientists develop highest-resolution single-photon superconducting camera

Scientists discover molten layer covering Martian core

Air pollution linked to postpartum depression in large Southern California cohort

Sabotage tool takes on AI image scrapers

Experts reconstruct the face of Peru's most famous mummy, a teenage Inca sacrificed in Andean snow

Convalescent plasma reduces mortality by 10% in COVID-19 patients on artificial respiratory assistance: Clinical trial

A new type of ringed seal described in West Greenland

Study finds hidden trees across Europe: A billion tons of biomass is overlooked today

Clinical trials present results to guide care of severely ill COVID-19 patients using routinely available drugs

Study explains why many cancer drugs fail during clinical trials

New tool developed to efficiently predict relative ligand binding affinity in drug discovery

Nanotechnology news

Study demonstrates on-demand locomotion of physical intelligence–encoded electronics Beyond flexible electronics, which can be deformed into 3D curvilinear shapes through passive mechanical strain, shape-reconfigurable electronics hold significant promise as the next generation of electronic devices.

Physics news

	A new formula to calculate the strength of thin conical structures Conical structures can have advantageous applications in a variety of fields, ranging from robotics to civil engineering. Studies have found that conical shells made of liquid crystal elastomer films can be effective lifters; devices that can generate thrust for robots and other vehicles.
	Scientists develop highest-resolution single-photon superconducting camera Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and their colleagues have built a superconducting camera containing 400,000 pixels—400 times more than any other device of its type.
	Room-temperature continuous-wave topological Dirac-vortex microcavity lasers on silicon With the explosive growth of data traffic, it is highly desired to develop hybrid photonic integrated circuits combining various optical components on a single chip.
	Physics has long failed to explain life—but researchers are testing a groundbreaking new theory in the lab Modern physics can explain everything from the spin of the tiniest particle to the behavior of entire galaxy clusters. But it can't explain life. There's simply no formula to explain the difference between a living lump of matter and a dead one. Life seems to just mysteriously "emerge" from non-living parts, such as elementary particles.

Earth news

	Study reveals transition from Pangea megamonsoon to modern global monsoon The seasonal reversal of land-sea thermal contrast drives the monsoon system—the dominant seasonal mode of the global hydrological cycle that influences the livelihood of billions of people. But how did the modern global monsoon develop?
	Analysis supports demarcation of new epoch characterized by human impact on planet Scientists have long debated the Anthropocene Epoch, a proposed unit of geologic time corresponding to the most recent period in history. It's characterized by substantial human impact on the planet.
	Scientists isolate early-warning tremor pattern in lab-made earthquakes Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have successfully isolated a pattern of lab-made "foreshock" tremors. The finding offers hope that future earthquakes could be forecast by the swarm of smaller tremors that come before them.
	UN report warns of catastrophic risks to Earth systems Melting glaciers, unbearable heat and space junk: a month before crunch climate talks in the United Arab Emirates, a UN report published Wednesday warns about irreversible impacts to the planet without drastic changes to connected social and physical systems.
	Investigating banana trees as buffers to fight wildfires Fire buffers composed of irrigated banana trees could slow and calm wildfires and generate profit for residents of fire-prone regions, according to a study published in PNAS Nexus. Climate change is increasing wildfire risk. Wildfires in the Western United States doubled in frequency between 1984 and 2015. At the same time, more people are living in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) than ever before, an area that often has high or extreme fire risk.
	A tale of three pollutants in Chicago: NASA-led mission looks to help by mapping air pollutants at a neighborhood scale It was a hazy August day on Chicago's South Side, and Nedra Sims Fears was hosting a small gathering to talk about the air. Interstate-94, which bisects her Chatham neighborhood, hummed nearby.
	Royal Charter storm of 1859: How an almighty tempest led to the birth of the UK's shipping forecast In British weather history, one storm stands out as a catalyst for change—the Royal Charter Storm of 1859. This devastating tempest off the west coast of Britain played a pivotal role in the founding of the shipping forecast and has had an enduring impact on weather forecasting in the UK and beyond.
	How climate change is affecting the seasons Autumn has finally arrived in the UK following an unusually sunny September. The days are growing shorter, the temperature cooler, and the leaves are changing color.
	Himalayan communities are under siege from landslides—and climate change is worsening the crisis Three-quarters of annual rain in the Himalayas arrives in the monsoon season from June to September. Within this rainy period are sudden and extremely intense cloudbursts, which often "pop" over a relatively small area (akin to a cloud bursting open like a balloon).
	Global sea-level fall led to formation of Ediacaran-Cambrian unconformity in North China Craton, finds study In many blocks on the Earth, the boundary between the Phanerozoic and Precambrian is consistently characterized by a huge sedimentary gap—the Great Unconformity.
	Understanding a river's history is key to predicting its response A new Griffith study has developed a metric to describe the relationship between flow and water quality, which can help understand the response of waterways to flood events.
	UK air pollution regulations will reduce deaths, but do little to protect ecosystems: Study Existing air pollution regulations will reduce thousands of premature adult deaths in the UK, but even the most effective technically feasible actions, which will save thousands more lives, will do little to protect the country's sensitive ecosystems, find UCL researchers.
	Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency, says widely published editorial Over 200 health journals across the world have come together to simultaneously publish an editorial calling on world leaders and health professionals to recognize that climate change and biodiversity loss are one indivisible crisis and must be tackled together to preserve health and avoid catastrophe.
	Research offers novel method to analyze implications of large-scale flood adaptation During the summer of 2022, the Indus River in Pakistan overflowed its banks and swept through the homes of between 30–40 million people. Eight million were permanently displaced, and at least 1,700 people died. Damages to crops, infrastructure, industry, and livelihoods were estimated at $30 billion.
	Destruction of forests gathered pace in 2022, despite global promises Global destruction of forests increased by 4% last year, compared to 2021, according to a new report.
	'Potentially catastrophic' Hurricane Otis hits Mexico A major Category 5 hurricane made landfall near Mexico's Pacific beach resort of Acapulco early Wednesday, threatening to wreak "catastrophic" damage, the US National Hurricane Center (NHC) said.
	Firsthand fieldwork: Getting mangroves into coastal models for better climate prediction To better understand important dynamics at play in flood-prone coastal areas, Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists working on simulations of Earth's carbon and nutrient cycles paid a visit to scientists gathering data in a Texas wetland. There, the return of a key mangrove species holds important clues to current and future climate impacts in coastal ecosystems.
	Hurricane Otis cuts off Mexico's battered Acapulco Mexican authorities rushed to send emergency aid and assess damage in the Pacific beach resort of Acapulco on Wednesday after a powerful hurricane severed communications and road links.
	How cleanups along Miami's waterways have led to a team effort, environmental changes A decade ago, Dave Doebler and Dara Schoenwald began bringing people together to remove trash along Miami's waterways.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers discover new almost dark galaxy By analyzing deep optical imagery from the IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project, an international team of astronomers has serendipitously discovered a new almost dark galaxy. The newfound galaxy, dubbed "Nube," has a very low surface brightness and is as massive as the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The finding is reported in a paper published October 18 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Second-brightest gamma-ray burst ever seen observed creating elements needed for life Scientists have observed the creation of rare chemical elements in the second-brightest gamma-ray burst ever seen—casting new light on how heavy elements are made.
	Scientists discover molten layer covering Martian core NASA's InSight mission to Mars helped scientists map out Mars' internal structure, including the size and composition of its core, and provided general hints about its tumultuous formation.
	New study finds Mars's liquid iron core is smaller and denser than previously thought For four years, NASA's InSight lander recorded tremors on Mars with its seismometer. Researchers at ETH Zurich collected and analyzed the data transmitted to Earth to determine the planet's internal structure. "Although the mission ended in December 2022, we've now discovered something very interesting," says Amir Khan, a Senior Scientist in the Department of Earth Sciences at ETH Zurich.
	China to send youngest-ever crew to space station China will send its youngest-ever crew of astronauts to the Tiangong space station this week, officials said Wednesday, as Beijing pursues plans for a manned mission to the moon by the end of the decade.
	UK plans space mission after striking deal with US firm The UK Space Agency and a US spaceflight services company have signed an initial agreement as they bid to send British astronauts into orbit for two weeks, the agency said Wednesday.
	Astronomers show magnetic field of a red dwarf star may be approaching polar reversal The 11-year solar activity cycle is a well-known phenomenon, during which the intensity of the sun's magnetic field varies and its polarities reverse. Over the past 30 years, astronomers have identified similar behavior in several sun-like stars. But until now, no reversal of magnetic polarities has been observed for their cooler counterparts, the red dwarf stars.
	Nighttime rehearsal for Ariane 6 toward first flight Yesterday, a team of CNES, ESA, Arianespace and ArianeGroup personnel at Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, completed a full-scale wet rehearsal of the new Ariane 6 rocket that was fueled and then drained of its fuel. The test lasted over 30 hours with three teams working in shifts of 10 hours each.
	Next generation moon camera tested in Europe When astronauts return to the moon, they will take more pictures of the lunar surface than any humans before. To develop the best camera for the job, European astronauts and scientists are lending a helping hand to NASA's Artemis imagery team.
	Engineers improve NASA lidar tech for exploration Lidar technology improvements will help NASA scientists and explorers with remote sensing and surveying, mapping, 3D-image scanning, hazard detection and avoidance, and navigation.
	Lunar astronauts will need easy walking trails around the moon's south pole Before this decade is out, NASA plans to return astronauts to the moon for the first time since the Apollo Era and build the necessary infrastructure to keep sending them back. And they will hardly be alone. Alongside NASA's Artemis Program, the European Space Agency also plans to send astronauts to the moon and establish a permanent habitat there (the Moon Village), while China and Russia are working toward creating the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS). Numerous commercial space companies will also be there to provide crew transportation, cargo, and logistical services.
	New US rocket Vulcan Centaur set to launch on December 24 A new US rocket, United Launch Alliance (ULA)'s Vulcan Centaur, is to make its maiden flight on Christmas Eve with a payload that includes a private lunar lander.
	Crunch time for Phoebus before testing Launching things into space is hard. Aside from the engines and software, orbital calculations and the launch pad, the tanks that hold the fuel are a masterful example of engineering in their own right. And ESA will soon be testing the next generation of rocket tanks—Phoebus.
	Chaotic jumble of merging spiral galaxies hints at possible fate of Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies The swirling arms of a spiral galaxy are among the most recognized features in the cosmos: long sweeping bands spun off from a central core, each brimming with dust, gas, and dazzling pockets of newly formed stars. Yet this opulent figure can warp into a much more bizarre and amorphous shape during a merger with another galaxy. The same sweeping arms are suddenly perturbed into disarray, and two supermassive black holes at their respective centers become entangled in a tidal dance. This is the case of NGC 7727, a peculiar galaxy located in the constellation of Aquarius about 90 million light-years from the Milky Way.

Technology news

	A robot that can detect subtle noises in its surroundings and use them to localize nearby humans To safely share spaces with humans, robots should ideally be able to detect their presence and determine where they are located, so that they can avoid accidents and collisions. So far, most robots were trained to localize humans using computer vision techniques, which rely on cameras or other visual sensors.
	Sabotage tool takes on AI image scrapers Artists who have stood by helplessly as their online works remained ripe for the picking without authorization by AI web scraping operations can finally fight back.
	Study unveils vulnerabilities of watermarking AI generated content With the advent of LensaAI, ChatGPT and other highly performing generative machine learning models, the internet is now growing increasingly saturated with texts, images logos and videos created by artificial intelligence (AI). This content, broadly referred to as AI generated content (AIGC), could often be easily mistaken for content created by humans or any computational models.
	Can AI grasp related concepts after learning only one? Humans have the ability to learn a new concept and then immediately use it to understand related uses of that concept—once children know how to "skip," they understand what it means to "skip twice around the room" or "skip with your hands up."
	'Dim-witted' pigeons use the same principles as AI to solve tasks, study shows A new study provides evidence that pigeons tackle some problems just as artificial intelligence would—allowing them to solve difficult tasks that would vex humans.
	Pottery becomes water treatment device for Navajo nation Large chunks of the Navajo Nation in the Southwest lack access to clean drinkable water, a trend that has been rising in many parts of the U.S. in recent years. A research team led by engineers with The University of Texas at Austin is changing that.
	Japan's automakers unveil EVs galore at Tokyo show to catch up with Tesla, other electric rivals "We love battery EVs." Takero Kato, the executive in charge of electric vehicles at Toyota, said that not once, but twice, to emphasize what he considers the message at this year's Tokyo auto show.
	Google's ad sales growth accelerated in 3Q, but investors are unimpressed with the performance Google's digital advertising sales growth accelerated during the summer, advancing a recent revival that helped its corporate parent Alphabet Inc. to deliver a quarterly profit that exceeded analysts' projections.
	Cyber-defense systems seek to outduel criminals in AI race Not long after generative artificial intelligence models like ChatGPT were introduced with a promise to boost economic productivity, scammers launched the likes of FraudGPT, which lurks on the dark web promising to assist criminals by crafting a finely tailored cyberattack.
	TikTok removed 4mn 'violative' videos in EU last month TikTok said Wednesday it pulled four million "violative" videos in the EU in September, in its first transparency report since a new law against illegal and harmful content came into force across the bloc.
	Q&A: How to introduce quantum computing without slowing economic growth In a recent commentary article published in Nature, Chander Velu, Professor of Innovation and Economics at the Institute for Manufacturing (IfM) and Fathiro H. R. Putra, Lecturer in Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management at the Bandung Institute of Technology, explore the potential impact of quantum computing on growth and productivity.
	Amazon delivery drones: How the sky could be the limit for market dominance Amazon's latest plan to use drones to deliver packages in the UK by the end of 2024 is essentially a relaunch. It was ten years ago that the company's founder Jeff Bezos first announced it would fly individual packages through the sky.
	Ukraine's IT army is a world first: Here's why it is an important part of the war Ukraine's recently formed "IT army" is playing a crucial role in the war with Russia, launching disruptive cyber-attacks and data thefts against the Russian government and other high-profile targets such as energy giant Gazprom.
	What are roundabouts? A transportation engineer explains the safety benefits of these circular intersections If you live on the East Coast, you may have driven through roundabouts in your neighborhood countless times. Or maybe, if you're in some parts farther west, you've never encountered one of these intersections. But roundabouts, while a relatively new traffic control measure, are catching on across the United States.
	Bitcoin prices have doubled this year and potentially new ways to invest may drive prices higher Bitcoin is having another moment. The world's largest cryptocurrency soared to almost $35,000 this week, marking its highest point in nearly 18 months—and more than double the price seen at the start of 2023.
	Apple raises prices for Arcade gaming subscription service, AppleTV+ streaming Apple Inc. is raising the prices for its AppleTV+ streaming and Arcade gaming plans as well as its bundled Apple One service that includes streaming, music and other subscriptions.
	New database shines spotlight on decades of solar mirror research The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is preparing to unveil a database containing the results of exposure experiments on solar reflectors conducted over more than four decades. The publicly available Solar Mirror Materials Database (SMMD) will contain information from thousands of solar mirror samples from more than a hundred suppliers that have been subjected to outdoor tests and laboratory environments.
	Your phone gives your mind what it likes the most: Endless possibilities for novelty If you are like most people, you probably spend more time than you want scrolling, clicking and surfing through content online. But why? It is a habit that can often prevent you from paying attention to what matters to you.
	Using sound to test devices, control qubits Acoustic resonators are everywhere. In fact, there is a good chance you're holding one in your hand right now. Most smart phones today use bulk acoustic resonators as radio frequency filters to filter out noise that could degrade a signal. These filters are also used in most Wi-Fi and GPS systems.
	Smart irrigation technology covers 'more crop per drop' In agriculture today, robots and drones can monitor fields, temperature and moisture sensors can be automated to meet crop needs, and a host of other systems and devices make farms more efficient, resource-conscious, and profitable. The use of precision agriculture, as these technologies are collectively known, offers significant advantages. However, because the technology can be costly, it remains out of reach for the majority of the world's farmers.
	Microsoft reports higher profits and revenue powered by cloud computing and AI investments Microsoft on Tuesday reported a 27% increase in profit for the July-September quarter compared to the same time last year, powered by growth in its cloud computing division where it has centered its investments in artificial intelligence.
	Vietnam's Vinfast committed to selling EVs to US despite challenges, intense competition Vietnamese automaker Vinfast plunged right into the crowded and hypercompetitive U.S. auto market, gambling that if it can sell its electric vehicles to finicky Americans, it can succeed anywhere.
	AI-generated child sexual abuse images could flood the internet. A watchdog is calling for action The already-alarming proliferation of child sexual abuse images on the internet could become much worse if something is not done to put controls on artificial intelligence tools that generate deepfake photos, a watchdog agency warned on Tuesday.
	Columnist: Your smart watch can assist if you fall Last week I wrote about setting up Amazon Echo devices to enable making phone calls with your voice, which could be helpful in an emergency. I mentioned falling and not having a phone within reach to call for help.
	Boeing loses $1.6 billion on fewer deliveries of airliners and higher costs for Air Force One Boeing reported a $1.64 billion loss for the third quarter as it delivered fewer of its best-selling but problem-plagued 737 Max airliner and sunk more money into building two new Air Force One presidential jets.
	Bulgaria is launching the construction of 2 US-designed nuclear reactors Bulgaria on Wednesday decided to expand the country's nuclear power generation as an alternative to fossil fuels by launching the construction of two additional reactors at its only nuclear power plant.
	Sam Bankman-Fried expected to testify in US crypto trial Sam Bankman-Fried, former CEO of one of cryptocurrency's biggest exchanges, plans to testify at the trial determining if he committed fraud by stealing billions of dollars from clients, a source close to the case confirmed Wednesday.
	Scientists develop a roll-to-roll polymer film for improved radiative cooling Domestic and industrial thermal management accounts for a significant portion of global energy consumption. Effectively maintaining a desired temperature with minimum energy input is critical from both economic and environmental points of view. Indoor thermal management is usually achieved by air conditioning (AC), which consumes a huge amount of energy.
	As photovoltaic market evolved in the last year, prices went up, prices went down The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has released its annual cost breakdown of installed solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage systems. The report, "U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks, With Minimum Sustainable Price Analysis: Q1 2023," details installed costs for PV and storage systems as of the first quarter (Q1) of 2023.
	Facebook parent Meta posts sharply higher profit in 3Q thanks to increase in ad revenue Facebook parent Meta on Wednesday posted sharply higher earnings for the third quarter, boosted by an increase in advertising revenue and lower expenses after it laid off thousands of workers.

Chemistry news

	New tool developed to efficiently predict relative ligand binding affinity in drug discovery Lead optimization in drug discovery is a challenging process that heavily relies on hypotheses and the experience of medicinal chemists. This often leads to uncertain outcomes and inefficiency. Furthermore, the process is time-consuming and requires significant resources. Therefore, the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) predictive tools to accelerate this process would be highly valuable in the field of drug discovery.
	Experiments show molecules, not substrates, are mostly responsible for chirality-induced spin selectivity A team of chemists at Northwestern University, working with a pair of colleagues from Università di Parma, reports that the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is caused by the molecules involved, not a substrate, when quantum spin is transmitted from one electron to another while moving through a material.
	Diapers can be recycled 200 times faster with light More than 100,000 tons of diapers are disposed of annually in Germany. Vast amounts of valuable resources, such as diaper liners, end up in the trash. The liners consist of special polymers, so-called superabsorbers.
	New method produces homogeneous polystyrene microparticles in a stable dispersion Dispersions of polymer particles in a liquid phase (latexes) have many important applications in coatings technology, medical imaging, and cell biology. A French team of researchers have now developed a method, reported in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, to produce stable polystyrene dispersions with unprecedentedly large and uniform particle sizes. Narrow size distributions are essential in many advanced technologies, but were previously difficult to produce photochemically.
	Printable circularly polarized luminescence materials enable flexible, stereoscopic displaying Flexible three-dimensional (3D) displays drive innovation in the next-generation display technology, as they allow for the creation of versatile and adaptable displays that can be easily manipulated and customized to fit various viewing scenarios.

Biology news

	A new type of ringed seal described in West Greenland The Arctic marine ecosystem is undergoing substantial changes, currently warming at rates well above the global average and seeing an increase in anthropogenic activities. Yet, due to the unexplored "hidden" nature of the Arctic, uncertainties remain on how to best manage and conserve Arctic organisms and natural resources.
	Study finds hidden trees across Europe: A billion tons of biomass is overlooked today Trees isolate carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, benefit wildlife, and biodiversity and make us humans happy. Perhaps you're lucky enough to have trees in your backyard, outside your window, or in a nearby park. Forests aren't the only place where foliage enriches the planet. But until now, we have simply not been able to account for all the many trees not in forests, according to new research from the University of Copenhagen's Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management.
	Gene integral to initiating, sustaining sperm cell development identified With male infertility a mounting global concern impacting approximately 12% of men, according to the National Institutes of Health, a Penn State research team has discovered a gene that plays a key role in initiating and sustaining spermatogenesis. The finding, they said, may open a door for future therapies to boost sperm counts.
	Study identifies illegal hunting as a threat to China's wildlife and global public health Illegal hunting and trading of wildlife in China is becoming a significant threat to biodiversity and public health, according to a new paper by a team of researchers that includes two scholars from the School of Public and International Affairs. It is the first comprehensive assessment of this issue for China.
	Sperm's secret voltage switch: Scientists unlock the mystery of motility Researchers at Stockholm University have unveiled the hidden intricacies of how sperm go from passive bystanders to dynamic swimmers. This transformation is a pivotal step in the journey to fertilization, and it hinges on the activation of a unique ion transporter. Their research has been published in Nature.
	Exploring cell-to-cell signals in plants that trigger photosynthesis and defense mechanisms Traffic lights signal to cars and buses when to stop, slow and go. Much like traffic lights, plant cells send signals to each other to perform photosynthesis to grow or fight off destructive viruses and pathogens.
	Pair-bonded Java sparrows show enlarged eye rings to signal breeding readiness Birds are known for their elaborate courtship rituals and romantic gestures that are replete with beautiful songs, complex dances, gift-giving practices, preening, and flamboyant plumage. While changes in colorful external attributes during this period has attracted much attention, the role of facial features remains an under-investigated aspect of this behavior.
	Chloroplasts do more than photosynthesis: They're also a key player in plant immunity Scientists have long known that chloroplasts help plants turn the sun's energy into food, but a new study, led by plant biologists at the University of California, Davis, shows that they are also essential for plant immunity to viral and bacterial pathogens.
	Scientists use custom genome assembly and editing method to improve sheepgrass A research team led by Dr. Cao Xiaofeng at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has improved biomass-related traits in sheepgrass using its own custom genome editing system while increasing understanding of sheepgrass genomics.
	Researchers decipher role of triglycerides in cellular barrier of tuberculosis pathogen Tuberculosis is a severe infectious disease that claims about 1.3 million lives annually world-wide. This dismal toll is caused by the notorious pathogen Mycobacteria tuberculosis, whose bitter success depends on its formidable cellular double barrier, which offers both protection from the host defense system and a terrain that mediates host-pathogen interactions during infection.
	Bizarre new fossils shed light on ancient plankton A scientist from the University of Leicester has discovered a new type of fossil that reveals life in the oceans half a billion years ago. The tiny organisms, detailed in a new study in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, resemble modern-day algae and might also give scientists an insight into the climate changes that affected our oceans.
	Genomic insights reveal evolutionary history of clouded leopards, inform conservation Both ecologically and morphologically, the clouded leopards known as Neofelis nebulosa are a distinct lineage of big cats. These species are threatened due to human activities of targeted hunting and habitat loss. Evolutionary biologists seek to understand the genetics of the species and their evolution through effective conservation actions.
	Single model predicts trends in employment, microbiomes, forests Researchers report that a single, simplified model can predict population fluctuations in three unrelated realms: urban employment, human gut microbiomes and tropical forests. The model will help economists, ecologists, public health authorities and others predict and respond to variability in multiple domains, the researchers say.
	A protein that helps plant cells 'eat themselves' Scientists from the Department of Experimental Plant Biology at the Faculty of Science of Charles University have published research in Nature Plants that brings new insights into the function of the ARP2/3 protein complex in plant cells. It turns out that plant cells can use this component in a very different way than animal cells—it is important for cellular recycling of peroxisomes.
	Lysosomes prove to be quick-change artists with respect to nutrient availability in the cell Lysosomes play an important role in cells and tissues, controlling not only the degradation of substances but also cell division and growth. A team led by Professor Volker Haucke and Dr. Michael Ebner at the FMP has investigated how these two functions are related to nutrient availability in the cell.
	Sunflower extract fights fungi to keep blueberries fresh Opening a clamshell of berries and seeing them coated in fuzzy mold is a downer. And it's no small problem. Gray mold and other fungi, which cause fruit to rot, lead to significant economic losses and food waste.
	On the trail of the 'Silver King': Researchers reveal unprecedented look at tarpon migration New research led by the University of Massachusetts and published recently in Marine Biology unveils a first-of-its-kind dataset, gathered over five years, that gives the finest-grained detail into the timing and spatial extent of tarpon migration. The work leveraged networks of thousands of acoustic receivers that tracked 200 tarpon over more than five years. One of the key findings is that there are two distinct subgroups of tarpon, which has immediate implications for efforts to conserve the fish, known to anglers as the "Silver King."
	Oldest family of jewel wasps discovered in Cretaceous amber from Lebanon Jewel wasps (Chalcidoidea) are one of the most diverse groups of insects, with more than 120,000 species described and an estimated true diversity of nearly 1 million. The chalcids are parasitoid wasps, which attack other insects to lay their eggs upon in order to feed and grow within the host.
	Rider on the storm: Shearwater seabird catches an 11-hour ride over 1,000 kilometers in a typhoon New research from Japan published in Ecology suggests that increasingly severe weather driven by climate change may push oceangoing seabirds to their limits.
	Unlocking pathways to break down problem proteins presents new treatment opportunities When targeting problem proteins involved in causing or spreading disease, a drug will often clog up a protein's active site so it can't function and wreak havoc. New strategies for dealing with these proteins can send these proteins to different types of cellular protein degradation machinery such as a cell's lysosomes, which act like a protein wood chipper.
	A mechanism that controls the genomic structure during early differentiation into neuroectoderm A group of scientists have discovered that a one of the components of the polycomb-type of transcriptional repressor complex (PRC), Phc1 (Rae28), regulates the chromatin state of cells and plays a critical role in the process of undifferentiated cells turning into neural progenitor cells (fig. 1). The research from the Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), the National Cardiovascular Center, and Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center has been published in the October 20, 2023, issue of the journal iScience.
	Concerns over pet food and vet costs affordability are as old as pet keeping itself Ever since domestic companion animals first became popular in the west, people's ability to provide for their health care needs has been closely linked to their own economic situation. In October 2022, the British animal charity, the RSPCA, reported a massive 31% drop from 2019 in so-called "rescue" animals being rehomed from its centers.
	Tiny and mysterious: Research sheds light on sub-Saharan Africa's seahorses, pipefish and pipehorses Seahorses are considered fabled creatures by many; something that only exists in old mythical tales of the ocean. But these curious animals really exist—and they're not the only members of the Syngnathidae family of fishes. Other syngnathids are pipefish, pygmy pipehorses and seadragons, and all are enchanting.
	A parasitic haunting: When snakes are eaten from within Amidst the sawgrass and cypress swamps of Everglades National Park, a 16-foot Burmese python slithers in search of its next meal. But something else is preying on the python from within.
	Researchers find promising locus for molecular design breeding in legumes In cereal and legume crops, the size of the plant organs, particularly seeds, is closely related to final yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying organ size control in legumes are still poorly understood.
	Research reveals three new marsupial species, though all are likely extinct The exciting discovery of three new species of a small Australian marsupial has been tempered by the sad fact that each of the newly identified species of mulgara is likely already extinct.
	Heavy metals and traditional shellfish harvesting affect mangrove habitats in Senegal A study led by a doctoral researcher at Åbo Akademi University shows the impact of humans on mangroves in Senegal. Pollution but also traditional shellfish harvesting methods have unintended effects on coastal ecosystems, underlining the importance of local management.
	The true costs of corn A model examines farmers' profits and the health and environmental costs of growing corn in the US Midwest, where about 20% of the world's corn is grown. Corn farming involves applying fertilizer or manure to provide the crop with nitrogen, a vital nutrient. But around half of the nitrogen added to fields never makes it into the crop, and instead enters the environment, either through the air or the water.
	Pig welfare outweighs climate concerns for consumers, study finds Pork production is a societal concern on several fronts: antibiotics use, infectious disease, poor animal welfare and climate and environmental pressures. Even though the beef, coffee and chocolate industries are each major climate culprits, the world's total consumption of pork emits hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 every year.
	Uncovering the link between cell biomechanics and wound healing An interdisciplinary team of researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has uncovered how the stiffness of a cell's microenvironment influences its form and function. The team was led by Namrata Gundiah, Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Paturu Kondaiah, Professor at the Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics. The findings provide a better understanding of what happens to tissues during wound healing.
	Autophagy's role in DNA loss and survival of diploid yeast cells during chronological aging A new research paper titled "Live while the DNA lasts. The role of autophagy in DNA loss and survival of diploid yeast cells during chronological aging" has been published in Aging.
	Subsistence poaching found to have little impact on biodiversity in the Amazon's environmental protection areas The presence of Indigenous communities and traditional river dwellers in extractive reserves located in Legal Amazonia is not a threat to birds and mammals considered subsistence poaching targets, according to a study reported in the journal Biological Conservation.
	Defect in fruit fly respiratory system may provide insights into human aortic aneurysms A team of researchers led by Leipzig University has gained new insights into the respiratory system of fruit flies—the so-called tracheal system—which could be important for future research into aneurysms. Dr. Matthias Behr from the Institute of Biology (Department of Cell Biology) at Leipzig University and his team, together with colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen, carried out genetic, cell biological and biochemical studies on Drosophila embryos.
	Research illuminates path to Guam kingfisher revival A recently published paper in Animal Conservation provides crucial insights into the health of sihek, also known as the Guam kingfisher, a species eradicated from its native habitat and that may now face threats in captivity. The latest data underscores a stark gender disparity, revealing that female sihek are at greater risk for death and disease than their male counterparts.
	Bird flu kills more than 500 marine mammals in Brazil At least 522 seals and sea lions have been found dead along the coast of southern Brazil, authorities said Wednesday, blaming the die-off on avian flu.
	Washington trapped a big number of these invasive, tree-eating moths in 2023 The Washington State Department of Agriculture has trapped 103 invasive spongy moths this year, one of the highest counts in recent decades.
	First emperor penguin in more than a decade hatched at SeaWorld An Emperor Penguin chick hatched at SeaWorld San Diego last month has overcome long odds, becoming the first new arrival in more than a decade, the marine park announced Wednesday.

Medicine and Health news

	Air pollution linked to postpartum depression in large Southern California cohort Research led by the University of California, Irvine, has found a significant association between long-term antepartum and postpartum air pollution exposure and higher risks of postpartum depression (PPD).
	Convalescent plasma reduces mortality by 10% in COVID-19 patients on artificial respiratory assistance: Clinical trial In a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, clinicians and researchers from the CHU of Liège and the University of Liège show that the administration of plasma taken from convalescent donors after infection with SARS-CoV-2 to patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring artificial mechanical ventilation significantly reduced mortality (10%).
	Clinical trials present results to guide care of severely ill COVID-19 patients using routinely available drugs The Global Coalition for Adaptive Research (GCAR) in collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, on behalf of the REMAP-CAP Investigator Network, announce clinical trial results examining the use of vitamin C and simvastatin to treat severely ill patients with COVID-19.
	Study explains why many cancer drugs fail during clinical trials Cancer drugs often don't behave as expected in clinical trials. A study published Oct. 11 in the journal Cell Chemical Biology explores why drugs under development are unlikely to work due to insufficient genetic analysis.
	A possible genetic link found between autism and synesthesia A team of epidemiologists and neurologists from Karolinska Institutet, Tilburg University and the University of Gothenburg has found a possible genetic link between synesthesia and autism. In their study, reported in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, the group studied the genes of identical twins to learn more about the roots of synesthesia.
	Anti-anxiety drug may improve brain cancer survival chances A new study shows that cerebrospinal fluid reduces current treatment efficacy in brain cancer and identifies new therapeutic opportunities.
	New distractibility 'd factor' may be linked with ADHD In a study of different types of distraction involving more than 1,000 participants, researchers statistically derived a novel measure—dubbed the "d factor"—that could represent a person's general tendency towards distraction and may be linked with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Han Zhang of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on October 25, 2023.
	Zika infection in pregnant macaques slows fetal growth Zika virus infection in pregnant rhesus macaques slows fetal growth and affects how infants and mothers interact in the first month of life, according to a new study from researchers at the California National Primate Research Center at the University of California, Davis.
	Perception—but not expectation—of reward is altered in people with cocaine addiction Researchers report October 25 in the journal Neuron that cocaine addiction disrupts the dopamine neurons that govern how we perceive and learn from rewards. Though people with cocaine addiction have similar expectations of rewards compared to controls, their dopamine neurons send out much weaker signals when these rewards are actually received. This dysregulation could make it more difficult for people with cocaine addiction to learn from their experiences and change addictive behavior.
	Simple blood test can help diagnose bipolar disorder Researchers have developed a new way of improving diagnosis of bipolar disorder that uses a simple blood test to identify biomarkers associated with the condition.
	Trauma, severe stress in childhood linked to criminal legal involvement in next generation A study led by UCLA researchers found that the children of parents who experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)– such as abuse, neglect, violence in the home, or loss of a parent—are at increased risk of arrests and convictions by young adulthood.
	T-cell receptor discovery has huge potential for engineering custom immune responses T cells are soldiers on the front lines of the human immune system. They are responsible for many important roles, including attacking viral- or bacterial-infected cells and certain cancer cells, and immunological memory—remembering the specific pathogens or the cancer signatures that originally trigger T cells.
	Researchers induce brain activation using infrared light-controlled drugs Studying the brain remains one of the most challenging endeavors in neuroscience. Researchers have explored various methods for live imaging and stimulation of deep brain activity. One such method is multiphoton excitation using pulsed infrared (IR) light. This type of light is weakly absorbed by tissues and can penetrate through the bone and deep into organs like the brain. However, it has its limitations to produce focused images and to control cellular activity with precision.
	Identifying molecular culprits underlying organ rejection Investigators have identified how the immune system can regulate organ rejection in mice, findings which may prove useful for improving transplant tolerance in humans, according to a recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
	Researchers develop new approach to improve visual perception training Constant training improves the capacities of human perception. Just as years of practice hone the senses of smell and taste of sommeliers, for example, so too are experienced radiologists able to spot anomalies in X-rays at a glance.
	Thyroid hormones in pregnant women found to control brown adipose tissue in offspring Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a tissue that is utilized in babies to maintain body temperature. In adults, BAT is increasingly drawing the attention of researchers, especially in the context of obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Activating BAT could represent a promising therapeutic pathway to achieve metabolic improvement in the fight against the obesity pandemic.
	Researchers identify biology behind aggressive breast cancers in Black women Researchers at Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center are unlocking the biology behind aggressive breast cancers in Black women.
	Study suggests marijuana use damages brain immune cells vital to adolescent development In a mouse study designed to explore the impact of marijuana's major psychoactive compound, THC, on teenage brains, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they found changes to the structure of microglia, which are specialized brain immune cells, that may worsen a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.
	Longevity may be associated with olfactory perception of harmful substances Aversion to an offending smell can be an indicator of the organism's capacity to protect itself from harmful substances and live longer. This at least is what happens in the case of nematodes of the species Caenorhabditis elegans.
	Crack vaccine research on rats could help babies of mothers who use cocaine—and reduce addiction The most recent statistics put the number of regular cocaine or crack cocaine users in the world at 20 million. Of these, one in four will become addicted or develop use disorders.
	Genetic link between skin tone and ancestral origin complicated by new discovery A team of Penn State geneticists is pursuing the answers to an age-old question of human biology: the genetic origin of fundamental variations in skin pigmentation between people of different ethnicities. The link between skin pigmentation and ethnicity is more complicated than previously believed, according to new research published in the journal eLife.
	Zooming in on our brains on Zoom: Study finds suppressed neural signaling When Yale neuroscientist Joy Hirsch used sophisticated imaging tools to track in real time the brain activity of two people engaged in conversation, she discovered an intricate choreography of neural activity in areas of the brain that govern social interactions. When she performed similar experiments with two people talking on Zoom, the ubiquitous video conferencing platform, she observed a much different neurological landscape.
	Study suggests that having common ancestors can jeopardize fertility for generations When it comes to the architecture of the human genome, it's only a matter of time before harmful genes—genes that could compromise future generations—arise in a population. These mutations accumulate in the gene pool, primarily affected by a population's size and practices like marrying within a small community, according to researchers.
	Study: Novel small molecule 5D4 disrupts several molecular pathways that lead to cancer growth Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified a small molecule named 5D4 that can suppress the growth of breast and ovarian cancers in animal models. 5D4 works by binding to TopBP1 protein in cancer cells, disrupting its interactions with several pathways that promote cancer growth. Combining 5D4 with another cancer inhibitor, talazoparib, enhances the effectiveness of the anti-cancer activity.
	Our favorite bittersweet symphonies may help us deal better with physical pain Research has shown that music might be a drug-free way to lower humans' pain perception. This decreased sensitivity to pain—also known as hypoalgesia—can occur when pain stimuli are disrupted between their point of input and where they are recognized as pain by the conscious mind. In a new study, researchers in Canada have examined what type of music helps to dampen pain perception.
	People with severe mental illness found to be at 50% higher risk of death following COVID-19 infection New research from King's College London has found that in the UK people with severe mental illness were at increased risk of death from all causes following COVID-19 infection compared to those without severe mental illness.
	CRC screening uptake no better with use of fecal immunochemical testing in at-risk individuals For first-degree relatives of patients with nonsyndromic colorectal cancer (CRC), fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) screening does not improve screening uptake compared with colonoscopy screening, according to a study published online Oct. 24 in PLOS Medicine.
	Tiny, rural hospitals feel the pinch as Medicare Advantage plans grow When several representatives from private health insurance companies called on him a few years ago to offer Medicare Advantage plan contracts so their enrollees could use his hospital, Bleak sent them away.
	When a lump is more than a lump? A breast self-exam is an inspection of your breasts that you do on your own. To help increase your breast awareness, you use your eyes and hands to regularly observe the look and feel of your breasts.
	FDA approves Zilbrysq for generalized myasthenia gravis The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved UCB' Zilbrysq (zilucoplan) for the treatment of adults with generalized myasthenia gravis.
	Undiagnosed: More than 7 million Americans unaware they have mild cognitive impairment For many people, forgetting your keys or struggling to plan tasks can seem like a normal part of the aging process. But those lapses can actually be symptoms of something more serious: mild cognitive impairment, or MCI, which could be an early sign of Alzheimer's disease.
	Researcher explores drug repurposing for treatment of rare diseases In two publications in Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Anneliene Jonker (TechMed Center) highlights the importance of health care for rare diseases, and the innovation needed in that. The personalized medicine program manager shows how drug repurposing can be a solution for rare diseases, as well as how developments in innovative therapies for rare diseases are influenced by personalized medicine.
	Atrial fibrillation diagnosis associated with increased risk of memory decline Atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis was associated with a 45% increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among a cohort of 4.3 million individuals in the UK, according to a new study published in JACC: Advances. These findings suggest that cardiovascular risk factors and multiple comorbidities could further the progression from MCI to dementia in this cohort.
	Post-COVID condition is not linked to ongoing infection or active brain damage, study shows Post COVID-19 condition does not appear to be linked to direct viral invasion of the brain or active brain damage. This has been shown in a study by researchers at the University of Gothenburg. Searching for abnormal biomarkers among the participants yielded no hits in either blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples.
	Combining amino acid PET and MRI imaging: Aggressive brain tumors could soon be treated more effectively A more refined approach to the precise removal of brain tumors is on the horizon. The long-anticipated advancement is made achievable through the adaptation of tumor imaging processes employing positron computed tomography. Recent findings in Nature Communications are the result of collaborative efforts undertaken by health care and scientific institutions in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
	Research reveals how sleep disruption can exacerbate pain People often experience headaches and body pain after a lack of sleep, but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are unclear. A new study led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a founding member of Mass General Brigham (MGB) and published in Nature Communications reveals that a certain chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, plays a major role.
	Scientists incorporate electrodes with beneficial features into customizable organ-on-a chip device The Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI) has developed a novel organ-on-a-chip device for measuring electrical resistance across endothelial barriers. This chip had carbon-based, screen-printed electrodes incorporated into a multi-layered, microfluidic chip fabricated by a simple and cost-effective method.
	Teens and screens: 7 ways tried-and-true parenting approaches can help navigate family conflict Conflict is a normal and functional part of the parent-adolescent relationship, contributing to the development of social, emotional and problem-solving skills.
	Brown, red, black, riceberry—what are these white rice alternatives, and are they actually healthier? Throughout history, rice has remained an important food staple. It supports the nutritional needs of more than half of the global population.
	Why do people with hoarding disorder hoard, and how can we help? Hoarding disorder is an under-recognized serious mental illness that worsens with age. It affects 2.5% of the working-age population and 7% of older adults. That's about 715,000 Australians.
	From morgue to medical school: Cadavers of the poor, Black and vulnerable can be dissected without consent Every year, first-year medical students approach their human cadavers with a mixture of awe and trepidation. They will come to know their assigned cadaver intimately. During the course of their studies, they will carefully pull back layers of skin, muscle and tissue as they learn the fundamentals of human anatomy.
	Special polymer for microfluidic chips could reduce need for animal testing in medical research Every organism needs to breathe—including cells that we use in in vitro microphysiological systems. We now have promising results with a material that enhances the quality of our experiments.
	Researchers develop magnetic resonance compatible brain PET scanner with high performance Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) represents a potent instrument for brain imaging. However, the current spatial resolution of PET scanners utilized for brain imaging leaves room for enhancement.
	Double contrast learning helps to remove ring artifacts in computed tomography image Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that generates three-dimensional images from two-dimensional projection data. CT is widely applied in disease detection.
	Anesthesiologist provides guidance for perioperative care of patients on GLP-1RA therapy Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are successful in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, their use can increase the risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during sedation or general anesthesia.
	Bilingualism benefits premature children, study finds Researchers from FIU have found that speaking more than one language can be beneficial for children born prematurely, counter to advice often given by health care professionals.
	Research links single gene to female infertility Loss of a single gene could be enough to cause female infertility, with research identifying that women won't make eggs without the protein it produces.
	New statistical tool could mean clinical trials yield better information with fewer patients University of Alberta researchers have developed a new statistical tool to evaluate the results of clinical trials, with the aim of allowing smaller trials to ask more complex research questions and get effective treatments to patients more quickly.
	Review calls for clinicians to adopt best-practice guidelines for knee pain With knee pain affecting a large share of the community, a researcher at La Trobe University is calling for clinicians and GPs to avoid delays in adopting the most up to date, evidenced-based guidelines.
	Study finds most young people have been exposed to vaping ads, despite restrictions Three quarters of young Australians who are aware of vaping have seen e-cigarette advertising, according to a new study by The George Institute for Global Health. The research findings were published in the journal Tobacco Induced Diseases.
	How our brain deconstructs a world in constant motion It's a miracle that people aren't constantly getting into car accidents.
	Mpox vaccinations should be recommended for high-risk men, even after outbreak ends, advisers say Gay and bisexual men at high risk for mpox infection should get vaccinated for the virus even after the current outbreak ends, government health advisers said Wednesday.
	7,500 daily steps before surgery and complication risks plummet Getting a certain number of steps each day can help people improve their fitness, but new research shows it also can pay off in the operating room.
	Doctors' group expands definition of 'infertility' A new, more inclusive definition of infertility has been crafted by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).
	Tapinarof cream safe, effective for plaque psoriasis in intertriginous areas Vtama (tapinarof) cream is efficacious, safe, and well tolerated for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in sensitive intertriginous areas, according to a study presented at the annual Fall Clinical Dermatology Conference, held from Oct. 19 to 22 in Las Vegas.
	More than 90% of victims experience psychological impacts following stalking behavior, says study The majority of stalking victims experience significant psychological impacts as a result of stalking behavior according to new research by Kent psychologists in partnership with the Suzy Lamplugh Trust.
	How to improve performance while easing up on sprints A new study from the University of Copenhagen demonstrates that 10-20-30 interval training is not only an effective way to improve running performance and overall health but is also just as effective for improving your running times and overall fitness, even if your sprints are only at 80%. The researchers hope that the new knowledge can encourage more people to adopt this type of training, which benefits both blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
	Study: Pembrolizumab + chemo, trastuzumab beneficial in gastroesophageal cancer For patients with HER2-positive gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, pembrolizumab improves progression-free survival when combined with chemotherapy and trastuzumab, according to a study published online Oct. 20 in The Lancet. The research was published to coincide with the annual meeting of the European Society for Medical Oncology, held from Oct. 20 to 24 in Madrid.
	Prenatal lead exposure linked to child cognitive developmental delay Prenatal lead (Pb) exposure is associated with an increased risk for cognitive developmental delay (CDD) in children, according to a study published online Oct. 23 in JAMA Network Open.
	Postoperative complications do not differ with obesity in ankle arthroplasty For patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), the impact of obesity on outcomes is unclear, according to two studies recently published in Foot & Ankle International.
	Intestinal ultrasound monitoring cuts time to treatment change in inflammatory bowel disease For patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), monitoring by intestinal ultrasound (IUS) results in reduced time to treatment change and to remission, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology, held from Oct. 20 to 25 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
	Bagged, precut onions tied to salmonella illnesses in 22 states Federal regulators are investigating a salmonella outbreak linked to packaged, diced onions that has sickened at least 73 people across 22 states.
	New research provides a broader perspective on the nutritional effects of egg consumption in young, healthy adults Are eggs good for you?
	Fruit-fly larvae study reveals connection between local tumors and body-wide changes to metabolism Local tumor-induced stress in fruit-fly larvae releases a signaling molecule that reprograms the metabolism of the animals, an all-RIKEN team has discovered. If the same thing happens in humans, it could lead to new ways of treating cancer-induced complications, which are often fatal.
	Higher levels of triglycerides linked to lower risk of dementia Older people who have higher levels of triglycerides, a type of fat, may have a lower risk of dementia and a slower cognitive decline over time compared to people who have lower levels, according to new research published in the October 25, 2023, online issue of Neurology. While the study found a link, it does not prove that higher levels of triglycerides prevent dementia.
	Childhood trauma linked to headaches in adulthood People who have experienced traumatic events in childhood such as abuse, neglect or household dysfunction may be more likely to experience headache disorders as adults, according to a meta-analysis published in the October 25, 2023, online issue of Neurology. This research does not prove that such experiences cause headaches; it only shows an association.
	Study examines racial differences in care among older Americans Older Black Americans are more likely to receive low-value acute diagnostic tests than older white Americans, while older white Americans were more likely to receive low-value screening tests and treatments, finds a study published by The BMJ today.
	Industry payments to physicians linked to use of some non-recommended and low-value drugs among cancer patients Patients with cancer whose oncologists receive payments from industry appear more likely to receive some non-recommended and low-value treatments, finds a US study published by The BMJ today.
	UK hospitals accused of exploiting foreign doctors in fellowship schemes English hospital trusts have been accused of using foreign doctors as "cheap labor" as part of fellowship schemes in which they can be paid less than trust-employed doctors and sent home if they become pregnant, an investigation by The BMJ has found.
	Genetic modifiers of p53 and their potential in breast cancer therapies A new editorial perspective titled "Genetic modifiers of p53: opportunities for breast cancer therapies" has been published in Oncotarget.
	Caregivers and staff delivering end-of-life care need long-term support, research finds Palliative care staff and caregivers may now need longer-term support mechanisms under a new post-lockdown public health approach, a new study reveals.
	New study suggests ECG-AI can detect cardiovascular disease risks sooner Artificial intelligence (AI) from patient electrocardiograms (ECGs) may be an innovative solution to enhance heart disease risk assessment. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease—arteries narrowed or blocked by the accumulation of fatty plaques—is the leading global cause of death and is often driven by coronary artery disease.
	Estrogen therapy's effect on Alzheimer's needs more study, say researchers Estrogen-based menopause hormone therapy for women in midlife should be investigated more thoroughly as a potential strategy for preventing Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, according to a new analysis from researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine.
	Brain-computer interface restores control of home devices for patient with ALS It's the day after the Baltimore Orioles clinched the American League East Championship with their 100th win of the season, and lifelong fan Tim Evans is showing his pride on his sleeve.
	Endometriosis can complicate hysterectomies, study shows Patients with endometriosis are more likely to experience complications during and after hysterectomies, a study by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers shows. The findings, published in the Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, suggest surgeons should be prepared for the problems that may occur in patients with endometriosis, a painful condition that affects about 15% of women and is a major cause of infertility.
	Shift work and long hours significantly increase risk of preterm birth: Study Shift work and working long hours significantly increase the chances of preterm birth, a Monash University-led study has found.
	Research reveals previously unknown qualities of a gene vital to a cell's mitochondrial structure and function A key takeaway from first-year biology is that mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells—it's the thing most people know about them. However, mitochondria perform a large array of functions for cells beyond generating the chemical energy that powers a cell's biochemical reactions. They play a role calcium signaling and storage, signaling between cells and cell death. And through these various and vital mitochondrial functions, a master regulator is the OPA1 gene.
	Researchers combine three technologies to fight metastatic cancer with light A team of University of Maryland researchers has made new strides in the fight against metastatic cancer by successfully combining three cutting-edge photoimmunotherapy technologies to help prevent the spread and return of the disease, while minimizing illness and other familiar side effects of treatment.
	New approach assesses frailty in older adults on a continuum A national team led by a University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health epidemiologist present a new way to consider frailty: As a continuum.
	Why is COVID-19 more severe in some people? Researchers use genetics, data science to find out Why do some people have a more severe course of COVID-19 disease than others? A genome sequence database created by an international collaboration of researchers, including many from the University of Toronto and partner hospitals, may hold the answers to this question—and many more.
	Higher income and longer working years are linked to better mobility A new study on the relationship between mobility and income has shown that better mobility was strongly associated with higher income and longer working years in adults. The findings, from researchers at the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), part of the National Institutes of Health, also suggest that maintaining mobility was linked to greater earnings over time. The study was published in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.
	Combination of therapeutic touch and music key to a better night's sleep during menopause, says study If you're sleep deprived because of transitioning through menopause, there are probably few things you wouldn't try to get a good night's sleep. A new study, however, suggests better sleep could be as easy to achieve as listening to music and receiving therapeutic touch. Results of a survey are published online in Menopause.
	New study investigates perceived interactions with deceased partners or spouses A new study published in OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying investigates perceived interactions with the deceased (ADCs), "a phenomenon reported across societies, with 30–34% of individuals likely experiencing at least one ADC in their lifetime," according to the research.
	More than just carbs: Starchy vegetables play an integral role in meeting nutrition needs A perspective recently published in Frontiers in Nutrition underscores the unique role starchy vegetables play as a vital vehicle for essential nutrients.
	Researchers uncover mechanism for treating dangerous liver condition A study spearheaded by Oregon State University has shown why certain polyunsaturated fatty acids work to combat a dangerous liver condition, opening a new avenue of drug research for a disease that currently has no FDA-approved medications.
	Many in law enforcement own firearms—they are more likely to have suicidal thoughts, says study Law enforcement officers in the United States own firearms at high rates and rarely engage in secure firearm storage, which could increase their risk for suicide, according to a Rutgers study.
	Q&A: How to support a loved one who has chronic pain Dear Mayo Clinic: My spouse suffers from chronic pain after a back injury five years ago. The pain affects his ability to work and enjoy day-to-day activities with our family. Seeing him in pain and not knowing how to help is difficult for me. How can I support him on the challenging days when the pain is more severe and encourage him on the good days?
	Feds try to head off growing problem of overdoses among expectant mothers When Andria Peterson began working as a clinical pharmacist in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units at St. Rose Dominican Hospital in Henderson, Nevada, in 2009, she witnessed the devastating effects the opioid crisis had on the hospital's youngest patients.
	Tips for healthy heart from a Mayo Clinic cardiologist Today's age of quick access to information, constant updates on medical advancements and health recommendations make it easy to get overwhelmed. But when it comes to maintaining a healthy heart, Dr. Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, a Mayo Clinic cardiologist, has some important and simple tips he'd like to share with everyone.
	Medical exceptions to abortion bans often exclude mental health conditions More than a dozen states now have near-total abortion bans following the overturning of Roe v. Wade, with limited medical exceptions meant to protect the patient's health or life.
	New research shows adults changing attitudes towards children Adults' attitudes towards children have changed to 'fortunate,' 'tech savvy' and 'honest' and less 'selfish,' 'lazy' or 'spoilt' according to new research.
	Doctors are being sexually harassed at work—this needs to stop Dominique Lee was training in radiation oncology when she was invited to join her supervisor to discuss a training opportunity. Instead, she was drugged and sexually assaulted.
	Toos E-scooters could be fire hazard. Warning issued after 2 die in house fire Toos electric scooters are a fire hazard and people should stop using them, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) warned Monday.
	HIV-positive parents in Zimbabwe struggle to manage their children's education, study finds Over the past three decades researchers have explored various aspects of the impact of the HIV pandemic. One focus area has been children who have lost their parents to AIDS. Less attention has been given to children who are raised by parents living with HIV. This group has become much bigger as more people have access to antiretroviral therapy and are therefore expected to raise their children.

Other Sciences news

	Experts reconstruct the face of Peru's most famous mummy, a teenage Inca sacrificed in Andean snow The possible living face of Peru's most famous mummy, a teenage Inca girl sacrificed in a ritual more than 500 years ago atop the Andes, was unveiled Tuesday.
	Deepfake videos during Russian invasion of Ukraine could undermine trust A new study explores themes in Twitter discussions of deepfake videos related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, highlighting the potential for real videos to be mistaken for deepfakes and for deepfakes to fuel conspiracy theories. John Twomey of University College Cork, Ireland, and colleagues present these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on October 25, 2023.
	Study suggests climate change likely impacted human populations in the Neolithic and Bronze Age Human populations in Neolithic Europe fluctuated with changing climates, according to a study published October 25, 2023 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Ralph Großmann of Kiel University, Germany and colleagues.
	In Prehispanic Cancun, immigrants were treated just like Maya locals: Study Ancient people immigrated to Cancun Island and were treated just like locals, according to a study published October 25, 2023 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Andrea Cucina of the Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mexico and colleagues.
	3D scans will uncover the secrets of Iron Age gold treasure Photographers and journalists from the BBC, TV 2, and DR were ready when an armored car drove up to the front of DTU's 3D Imaging Center on 10 February 2022. All cameras were pointed directly at a brown shoebox, which an archaeologist from the Danish National Museum carefully took out of the armored car and carried through the revolving door to the 3D Imaging Center.
	Political rhetoric changes views on democratic principles, study finds Most people will agree that over the past several years, American political leaders have been saying—and sharing on social media—unusual things that politicians would never have said a decade or two ago. At times, their words can seem out of character for what a leader should typically say and can even appear antidemocratic in nature.
	Romance or nomance? Adolescents prefer to see less sex, more friendships, platonic relationships on screen, says report This year's Teens & Screens report from UCLA's Center for Scholars & Storytellers, or CSS, found that teens—plus the 18- to 24-year-old demographic that advertisers typically target—think sex and romance are too prominent in TV shows and movies, preferring to see more friendships and platonic relationships.
	Young people must negotiate risks and issues of consent for online sexual encounters, researcher says Young people see the internet as a natural platform for their everyday romantic and sexual encounters, but at the same time, they have to weigh up the benefits against various risks and dangers. This is according to a new study from a Malmö University researcher.
	Being humble about what you know is just one part of what makes you a good thinker, says researcher What does it mean to be a good thinker? Recent research suggests that acknowledging you can be wrong plays a vital role.
	People in Europe ate seaweed for thousands of years before it largely disappeared from our diets—new research Seaweed isn't something that generally features today in European recipe books, even though it is widely eaten in Asia. But our team has discovered molecular evidence that shows this wasn't always the case. People in Europe ate seaweed and freshwater aquatic plants from the Stone Age right up until the Middle Ages before it disappeared from our plates.
	What works best to support virtual teamwork? Study shows two sides For virtual teamwork to be effective, workplaces need to foster interdependence in some areas and avoid it in others, according to a newly published study of virtual teams.
	Examining how a sustainable future is based on a learning society Escalating planetary crises, including climate change, the depletion of natural resources and the human-induced sixth mass extinction, pose increasing demands on pursuing a good life. As the planet is reaching its limits, old perceptions of well-being are being questioned.
	Research reconciles two dominant hypotheses of Indo-European language origin The languages in the Indo-European family are spoken by almost half of the world's population. This group includes a huge number of languages, ranging from English and Spanish to Russian, Kurdish and Persian.
	Improved information and communication technology infrastructure leads to better math skills, research suggests Students who are more digitally skilled also perform better in math. New research from Renae Loh and others at Radboud University shows that in countries with better availability of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools, math performance benefits greatly. It further suggests that improving the ICT environment in schools can reduce inequality in education between countries. The paper is published in European Educational Research Journal today.
	When not to reward whistleblowers The use of whistleblowing to challenge teacher absence in the developing world is worth considering, but its effectiveness can be dampened by offering monetary rewards for reporting absent colleagues, according to a field experiment conducted by Stefano Fiorin (Bocconi Laboratory for Effective Anti-Poverty Policies and Department of Economics) with the collaboration of the Afghan Ministry of Education. "Moral aversion to being paid for harming others can reverse the effect of financial incentives," explains Fiorin in the fourth video of the LEAP Talks series.
	Organizational ghosts: Admired former leaders who continue to have outsized influence Jeff Bednar is a ghost hunter. And while the BYU business professor doesn't have night vision cameras or ultra-sensitive recording equipment, he's found a bunch of them—including several here at BYU.
	Marketing research is too narrow: How the field must change to keep producing relevant, timely knowledge Researchers from TU Dortmund University and RWTH Aachen University published a Journal of Marketing article that examines how specific types of marketing knowledge contributions have developed over the past few decades and suggests ways to move the field toward "big picture" theories that will have greater impact.
	Sexual harassment and stereotyping: How coastal sciences are failing women in the field New research published in Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures looking at the experiences of women working in coastal sciences worldwide has unearthed important and disturbing findings.
	Internal crowdfunding fosters innovation and engages employees, finds study In a several-round-long crowdfunding initiative, the employees of Siemens AG not only had the opportunity to present their own ideas on an in-house online platform; in the role of investors, they were also able to choose which projects to implement. In other words, they had a chance to do things normally reserved for managers: make decisions and allocate budgets.
	New York can resume family DNA searches for crime suspects, court rules New York's highest court on Tuesday ruled police can resume a DNA searching method that can identify relatives of potential suspects, a technique that has helped solve crimes but caused privacy concerns.
	Research highlights gender diversity problems in Australian prisons Trans and gender diverse people housed in male or female prison facilities face dangerous and stressful daily hazards that Australia's prison systems are trying to address to raise standards.
	Study focuses on the Bank of England and its environmental mandate in relation to net zero James Jackson has published an article with Dan Bailey from Manchester Metropolitan University in Sage Journals focusing on the Bank of England and its environmental mandate in relation to net zero.
	Sustainable consumption by product substitution? Appropriation of plant-based 'mylk' in everyday life Josephine Mylan has co-authored an article in the journal Consumption and Society, "Sustainable consumption by product substitution? An exploration of the appropriation of plant-based 'mylk' in everyday life."
	Researchers study the analytic pricing formulas of vulnerable timer options A timer option is a financial instrument, launched by Société Générale Corporate and Investment Banking in 2007, that allows buyers to specify the level of volatility and allows them to exercise their option at a random maturity time. In other words, the payoff of the timer option depends only on a random date determined by the time needed to realize a prescribed variance budget for the underlying asset. This is contrary to vanilla options, which are always exercised at a fixed, predetermined price within a given timeframe.

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