Science X Newsletter Mon, Oct 30

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 30, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Study uncovers giant fluctuation-enhanced phonon magnetic moments in a polar antiferromagnet

Trial of Chinese medicine compound Tongxinluo shows intriguing results with unclear active ingredients

Scientists isolate 'pre-emerging' bat coronavirus but also identify existing medication that potently neutralizes it

How a single synapse transmits both visual and subconscious information to the brain of fruit flies

Astronomers detect an extended stellar halo surrounding galaxy Ark 227

Study shows that activity in the primate visual cortex is minimally linked to spontaneous movements

Scientists develop new method to create stable, efficient next-gen solar cells

Saturday Citations: Mars limnology, phage immunology, quantum technology. Plus: The mushrooms are coming

New analysis in Science explores artificial intelligence and interspecific law

Mouse embryos grown in space for first time: Japan researchers

California startup to 'sponge' CO2 from the atmosphere

New techniques efficiently accelerate sparse tensors for massive AI models

Innovative antibody approach targets deep-seated cancer mutations

Low-income countries could lose 30% of nutrients like protein and omega-3 from seafood due to climate change

Window to avoid 1.5°C of warming will close before 2030 if emissions are not reduced, study shows

Nanotechnology news

	'Plug and play' nanoparticles could make it easier to tackle various biological targets Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed modular nanoparticles that can be easily customized to target different biological entities such as tumors, viruses or toxins. The surface of the nanoparticles is engineered to host any biological molecules of choice, making it possible to tailor the nanoparticles for a wide array of applications, ranging from targeted drug delivery to neutralizing biological agents.
	Physicists turn pencil lead into metaphorical 'gold' MIT physicists and colleagues have metaphorically turned graphite, or pencil lead, into gold by isolating five ultrathin flakes stacked in a specific order. The resulting material can then be tuned to exhibit three important properties never before seen in natural graphite.
	The right twist and strain for graphene to form 1D moirés Researchers at IMDEA Nanociencia have developed an analytical method to explain the formation of a quasi-perfect 1D moiré pattern in twisted bilayer graphene. The pattern, naturally occurring in piled 2D materials when a strain force is applied, represents a set of channels for electrons.
	Metamolecule metamaterial fabrication with 3D co-assembly Metamaterials, famously likened to Harry Potter's invisible cloak, are artificial nano structures designed to manipulate light properties. However, the practical application of this technology in everyday life depends on the commercialization of the manufacturing process which requires significant costs.
	Study provides a new strategy for building high-performance small-molecule NIR-II PTAs Recently, the team of Academician Huang Wei, Professor Li Lin and Professor Hu Wen Bo from the School of Northwestern Polytechnical University developed an ultra-efficient NIR-II photothermal agent for 1,064 nm laser-mediated photothermal treatment of osteosarcoma.

Physics news

	Study uncovers giant fluctuation-enhanced phonon magnetic moments in a polar antiferromagnet Phonons, quasi-particles associated with sounds or lattice vibrations, can carry momentum and angular momentum. However, these quasi-particles are commonly considered to possess negligible magnetic moments.
	Strong evidence for new light isotope of nitrogen With only two neutrons to its seven protons, Nitrogen-9 represents the first known case of a nucleus that decays by emitting five protons from its ground state. Robert Charity, a research professor of chemistry in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, described the new light isotope of nitrogen in a new paper published in Physical Review Letters.
	First-ever wireless device developed to make magnetism appear in non-magnetic materials Researchers at the UAB and ICMAB have succeeded in bringing wireless technology to the fundamental level of magnetic devices. The emergence and control of magnetic properties in cobalt nitride layers (initially non-magnetic) by voltage, without connecting the sample to electrical wiring, represents a paradigm shift that can facilitate the creation of magnetic nanorobots for biomedicine and computing systems where basic information management processes do not require wiring.
	Researchers demonstrate solution for long-term challenge, bringing benefits to spintronics and data storage technologies In a paper published recently in Advanced Science, researchers from the Paul Drude Institute in Berlin, Germany, and the Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, demonstrated that ferrimagnetic NiCo2O4 (NCO) constitutes a solution for the long-term challenge of finding materials with a robust out-of-plane magnetization.
	Theoretical modeling illuminates a new nonlinear Hall Effect An international team of researchers including a team from the Center for the Advancement of Topological Semimetals (CATS), an Energy Frontier Research Center under the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science led by Ames National Laboratory, experimentally demonstrated a new type of nonlinear Hall effect. This Hall effect is driven by the quantum metric, which defines the distances between electronic wavefunctions inside a crystal.
	New frequency comb can identify molecules in 20-nanosecond snapshots From monitoring concentrations of greenhouse gases to detecting COVID in the breath, laser systems known as frequency combs can identify specific molecules as simple as carbon dioxide and as complex as monoclonal antibodies with unprecedented accuracy and sensitivity. Amazing as they are, however, frequency combs have been limited in how fast they can capture a high-speed process such as hypersonic propulsion or the folding of proteins into their final three-dimensional shapes.
	Research claims novel algorithm can exactly compute information rate for any system 75 years ago Claude Shannon, the "father of information theory," showed how information transmission can be quantified mathematically, namely via the so-called information transmission rate.
	Clear holographic imaging in turbulent environments Holographic imaging has always been challenged by unpredictable distortions in dynamic environments. Traditional deep learning methods often struggle to adapt to diverse scenes due to their reliance on specific data conditions.
	Students create bench-top particle accelerator to study effects of micrometeoroids A team of engineering students has recently developed and tested a bench-top particle accelerator they call LOKI, to test what happens to different materials when they are hit by micrometeoroids. The device, discussed in the International Journal of Student Project Reporting offers an innovative approach to controlled testing that could help in the design of spacecraft and satellites that face potential collisions with micrometeoroids as well as space debris.
	High-performance MoS₂-based infrared photodetector induced by the photogating effect Recently, Professor Qi Weihong of Northwestern Polytechnical University and Academician Liu Weimin of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, found that nickel nanoparticle-modified defective molybdenum disulfide can form a photogating effect, which can greatly improve the infrared photodetection performance of the device.
	Simulating spins, spirals and shrinking devices for new classes of energy-efficient materials The diamond in an engagement ring, the wonder-material graphene and the lead in a humble pencil are all formed from carbon, but display profoundly different characteristics. Carbon materials such as these are among the most famous examples of how diverse properties can emerge in materials, based only on the rearrangement of the structure of atoms.

Earth news

	Low-income countries could lose 30% of nutrients like protein and omega-3 from seafood due to climate change The nutrients available from seafood could drop by 30% for low-income countries by the end of the century due to climate change, suggests new University of British Columbia research.
	Window to avoid 1.5°C of warming will close before 2030 if emissions are not reduced, study shows Without rapid carbon dioxide emission reductions, the world has a 50% chance of locking in 1.5°C of warming before 2030, according to a study led by Imperial College London researchers.
	Amazon deforestation linked to long distance climate warming Deforestation in the Amazon causes land surfaces up to 100 kilometers away to get warmer, according to a new study. The research, by a team of British and Brazilian scientists, led by Dr. Edward Butt at the University of Leeds, suggests that tropical forests play a critical role in cooling the land surface—and that effect can play out over considerable distances.
	Unexpected sea-level rise over 2014 to 2016 attributed to consecutive El Niño events A group of oceanographers with Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, University Brest, CNRS, has found evidence that suggests an unexpected sea level rise over the years 2014 to 2016 was likely due to consecutive El Niño events.
	Offset markets: New approach could help save tropical forests by restoring faith in carbon credits A new approach to valuing the carbon storage potential of natural habitats aims to help restore faith in offset schemes, by enabling investors to directly compare carbon credit pricing across a wide range of projects.
	Asteroid dust caused 15-year winter that killed dinosaurs: study Around 66 million years ago, an asteroid bigger than Mount Everest smashed into Earth, killing off three quarters of all life on the planet—including the dinosaurs.
	Researchers conduct first-ever study of cultural adaptation to climate change As the impacts of climate change grow, society and people struggle to adapt to the challenges of the new reality. Change, however, is difficult, and adapting to new ways of life or new ways of doing business often requires a change in culture.
	One of California's riskiest volcanoes is very active. Is an eruption coming? One of California's riskiest volcanoes has for decades been undergoing geological changes and seismic activity, which are sometimes a precursor to an eruption, but—thankfully—no supervolcanic eruptions are expected.
	Life on Earth under 'existential threat': climate scientists Climate change poses an "existential threat" to life on Earth, prominent scientists warned Tuesday, in an assessment on this year's avalanche of heat records and weather extremes that they said are hitting more ferociously than expected.
	Superdeep diamonds provide a window on supercontinent growth Diamonds contain evidence of the mantle rocks that helped buoy and grow the ancient supercontinent Gondwana from below, according to new research from a team of scientists led by Suzette Timmerman—formerly of the University of Alberta and now at the University of Bern—and including Carnegie's Steven Shirey, Michael Walter, and Andrew Steele. Their findings, published in Nature, demonstrate that superdeep diamonds can provide a window through space and time into the supercontinent growth and formation process.
	Remains of 3,000-mile-wide 'lost continent' discovered on ocean floor, study says While Atlantis—a fabled continent said to have been swallowed by the sea—continues to elude its seekers, another long-lost and less famous land mass has been discovered at the bottom of the ocean.
	UN report warns of catastrophic climate tipping points: California is nearing several Humanity is on course to transgress multiple global "tipping points" that could lead to irreversible instability or the complete collapse of ecological and institutional systems, a United Nations report has warned.
	Heat-related cardiovascular deaths in the US may more than double within decades Cardiovascular deaths from extreme heat in the U.S. may more than double by the middle of the century. Without reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, that number could even triple, according to new research published today in the journal Circulation.
	Why did Hurricane Otis 'explosively' intensify off Mexico? Hurricane Otis caused at least 27 deaths and major damage as it battered Mexico's beachside city of Acapulco as a scale-topping category 5 storm, according to officials.
	1.5C goal on the line as countries gear up for key climate talks Facing record-shattering temperatures and a geopolitical tinderbox, countries are scrambling to lay the groundwork for crucial UN climate talks next month tasked with salvaging global warming goals laid out in the landmark Paris deal.
	How climate conscious Americans reduce their carbon footprints Bala Sivaraman drives an electric car around the US capital Washington, buys used clothes and furniture and cooks his vegan meals on an induction stove he bought after parting ways with his gas oven.
	Can factory chicken really help save the climate? Stephane Dahirel doesn't exactly say eat chicken and save the planet, but that is what he's hinting at as he opens a shed door on his intensive farm in Brittany, western France.
	Natural disasters vs. natural hazards: Risk-mitigation public campaigns might need rewording While people think similarly about natural hazards and natural disasters, they might act quite differently about each, concludes a study by New Zealand researchers: Dr. Lauren J. Vinnell (Massey University, Wellington), Professor Taciano L. Milfont (University of Waikato, Tauranga) and Emeritus Professor John McClure (Victoria University of Wellington), recently published in Social Psychological Bulletin.
	Artificial intelligence algorithms fail to account for a key limitation in weather prediction: The butterfly effect Weather forecasting historically has depended on the time-consuming and energy-intensive method of using supercomputers to crunch complex sets of mathematical equations. An up-and-coming alternative involves training artificial intelligence (AI) to predict how current atmospheric conditions will evolve.
	Study shows support for carbon removal but great concern over solar manipulation According to forecasts, even the strategy to gradually reduce climate gas emissions to zero everywhere will no longer be enough to limit global heating to well below 2°C. Today, the discussion is also about "negative emissions," i.e., the removal of the most important greenhouse gas, CO2, from the atmosphere. Under the heading of "solar radiation management," some are even talking about a potential reflection of incoming sunlight.
	See SWOT mission's unprecedented view of global sea levels The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite is sending down tantalizing views of Earth's water, including a global composite of sea surface heights. The satellite collected the data visualized above during SWOT's first full 21-day science orbit, which it completed between July 26 and Aug. 16.
	The reality of the transition to an environmentally sustainable economy in New York City Economic transitions take time but do take place. New York City first became prominent as a trading city, with America's resources and farm goods delivered via the Erie Canal shipped out of the port of New York. Then, we became a manufacturing city, at one time making nearly all the clothing worn in America. Today, we are a center of finance, communication, fashion design, entertainment, the arts, health care, research, and education.
	Vast destruction, 39 dead in Mexico after Acapulco hurricane Acapulco was struggling Saturday to recover from the extraordinarily powerful Hurricane Otis, which claimed 39 lives and provoked widespread power, water and telephone outages.
	What is a COP? The crunch climate talks being held in Dubai from November 30 to December 12 will be the 28th such gathering of world leaders under UN auspices known as COPs.
	How to run a climate COP, according to the grandfather of the Paris deal Paris, 2015 and the warnings of climate breakdown were growing ever louder.
	Vast destruction, 43 dead in Mexico after Acapulco hurricane Acapulco was struggling Sunday to recover from the extraordinarily powerful Hurricane Otis, which claimed 43 lives and provoked widespread power, water and telephone outages.
	UN chief urges world to 'stop the madness' of climate change UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urged the world Monday to "stop the madness" of climate change as he visited Himalayan regions struggling from rapidly melting glaciers to witness the devastating impact of the phenomenon.
	Santa Ana winds lead to parking restrictions in Los Angeles amid fire concerns Parking restrictions are in effect in parts of Los Angeles where fire officials have determined that roads need to be clear for potential evacuations—the latest precaution against possible wildfires as strong Santa Ana winds hit Southern California.
	Why young workers are leaving fossil fuel jobs—and what to do if you feel like 'climate quitting' Are you frustrated with your employer's lack of commitment to sustainability? Maybe "climate quitting" is for you. Climate quitting means leaving your job due to concerns about your employer's impact on the climate or because you want to work directly on addressing climate issues.
	Climate adaptation projects sometimes exacerbate the problems they try to solve—a new tool hopes to correct that When United States aid money was used to build a seawall on Fiji's Vanua Levu island to shield the community from rising tides, it instead acted as a dam, trapping water and debris on its landward side.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers detect an extended stellar halo surrounding galaxy Ark 227 Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers have performed near-infrared observations of a dwarf galaxy known as Ark 227. The observational campaign led to the serendipitous discovery of an extended stellar halo around this galaxy. The finding was reported October 19 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Mouse embryos grown in space for first time: Japan researchers Mouse embryos have been grown on the International Space Station and developed normally in the first study indicating it could be possible for humans to reproduce in space, a group of Japanese scientists said.
	IXPE telescope untangles theories surrounding historic supernova remnant NASA's IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) telescope has captured the first polarized X-ray imagery of the supernova remnant SN 1006. The new results expand scientists' understanding of the relationship between magnetic fields and the flow of high-energy particles from exploding stars.
	Study reveals importance of Earth's upper atmosphere in geomagnetic storm development A study from an international team led by researchers from Nagoya University in Japan and the University of New Hampshire in the United States has revealed the importance of the Earth's upper atmosphere in determining how large geomagnetic storms develop.
	Most Martian meteorites are curiously young in age Earth is occasionally hit by little pieces of Mars. These bits of Martian rock are incredibly rare, but can tell us a lot about the geological history of the red planet. One of the biggest issues for scientists studying these meteorites, however, has been a difficulty in dating them. Different techniques have come back with different ages, making it hard for researchers to pin down where on Mars the rocks originated.
	To advance space colonization, team explores 3D printing in microgravity Research from West Virginia University students and faculty into how 3D printing works in a weightless environment aims to support long-term exploration and habitation on spaceships, the moon or Mars.
	The Crab Nebula seen in new light by NASA's Webb Exquisite, never-before-seen details help unravel the supernova remnant's puzzling history.
	Data from NASA's WISE used to preview Lucy mission's asteroid Dinkinesh NASA's Lucy mission will soon have its first asteroid encounter as the spacecraft travels through deep space en route to Jupiter's orbit. But before the spacecraft passes 265 miles (425 kilometers) from the surface of the small asteroid Dinkinesh, researchers have used 13-year-old infrared data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to support the mission's flyby. Their new study provides updated estimates of the asteroid's size and albedo—a measurement of surface reflectivity—that could help scientists better understand the nature of some near-Earth objects.
	NASA X-ray telescopes reveal the 'bones' of a ghostly cosmic hand In 1895, Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays and used them to image the bones in his wife's hand, kicking off a revolutionary diagnostic tool for medicine. Now two of NASA's X-ray space telescopes have combined their imaging powers to unveil the magnetic field "bones" of a remarkable hand-shaped structure in space. Together, these telescopes reveal the behavior of a dead collapsed star that lives on through plumes of particles of energized matter and antimatter.
	Misaligned binary star systems are rogue planet factories, finds study Most of the planets in the universe orbit a star. They are part of a system of planets, similar to our own solar system. But a few planets drift alone in the cosmos. For whatever reason, be it a near collision or slow gravitational perturbations that destabilize its orbit, these planets are cast out of their star system and sent adrift. These rogue planets are notoriously challenging to find, but as we start to discover them we're finding they are a bit more common than we'd thought. Now a new study posits a reason why.
	China set up a tiny farm on the moon in 2019. How did it do? On January 3, 2019, China's Chang'e-4 lander touched down on the far side of the moon and deployed the Yutu rover. In addition to its many instruments, the rover carried an important science experiment known as the Biological Experiment Payload (BEP). Over the next eight days, this payload conducted a vital experiment where it attempted to grow the first plants on the moon. Included in the payload were cotton, potato, arabidopsis, and rape seeds, along with fly eggs, yeast, and 18 ml (0.6 fluid oz) of water, which was kept at a constant atmospheric pressure.
	An asteroid came uncomfortably close to Earth in July. Could we have stopped it? In July of this year, an asteroid roughly 30 to 60 meters across passed Earth to within one-quarter of the distance to the moon. It posed no threat to our world, but if it had struck Earth it would have created a blast three times greater than the 2013 Chelyabinsk impact. And we only noticed it two days after it passed.
	Australian school students are experimenting with 'space veggies' in a NASA initiative A pink glow is shining on the faces of enthusiastic students as they tend to plants in purpose-built grow boxes for space stations.
	JWST sees four exoplanets in a single system When the JWST activated its penetrating infrared eyes in July 2022, it faced a massive wish-list of targets compiled by an eager international astronomy community. Distant, early galaxies, nascent planets forming in dusty disks, and the end of the universe's dark ages and its first light were on the list. But exoplanets were also on the list, and there were thousands of them beckoning to be studied.

Technology news

	New analysis in Science explores artificial intelligence and interspecific law Artificial intelligence already wears multiple hats in the workplace, whether its writing ad copy, handling customer support requests, or filtering job applications. As the technology continues its ascent and capabilities, the notion of corporations managed or owned by AI becomes less far-fetched. The legal framework already exists to allow "Zero-member LLCs."
	California startup to 'sponge' CO2 from the atmosphere Scrubbing carbon dioxide from the air is imperative if humanity is to limit global warming, experts say, and a California startup says it can do just that, using limestone as a carbon-sucking sponge.
	New techniques efficiently accelerate sparse tensors for massive AI models Researchers from MIT and NVIDIA have developed two techniques that accelerate the processing of sparse tensors, a type of data structure that's used for high-performance computing tasks. The complementary techniques could result in significant improvements to the performance and energy-efficiency of systems like the massive machine-learning models that drive generative artificial intelligence.
	Innovative battery design delivers high energy density and sustainability A research team led by Professor Dennis Y. C. Leung of the University of Hong Kong (HKU)'s Department of Mechanical Engineering has achieved a major breakthrough in battery technology with the development of a high-performance quasi-solid-state magnesium-ion (Mg-ion) battery. This innovative design offers a sustainable, safe, and high-energy-density alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, addressing the limitations of material scarcity and safety concerns.
	Using lasers to 'heat and beat' 3D-printed steel could help reduce costs Researchers have developed a new method for 3D printing metal that could help reduce costs and make more efficient use of resources.
	Monitoring nuclear weapons stockpiles with radio waves An international research team has proposed a new method for monitoring nuclear disarmament treaties. The IT security experts developed a mechanism that uses radio waves to remotely monitor whether any changes are being made in a specific room.
	Engineers develop an efficient process to make fuel from carbon dioxide The search is on worldwide to find ways to extract carbon dioxide from the air or from power plant exhaust and then make it into something useful. One of the more promising ideas is to make it into a stable fuel that can replace fossil fuels in some applications. But most such conversion processes have had problems with low carbon efficiency, or they produce fuels that can be hard to handle, toxic, or flammable.
	The brain may learn about the world the same way some computational models do To make our way through the world, our brain must develop an intuitive understanding of the physical world around us, which we then use to interpret sensory information coming into the brain.
	Accelerating AI tasks while preserving data security With the proliferation of computationally intensive machine-learning applications, such as chatbots that perform real-time language translation, device manufacturers often incorporate specialized hardware components to rapidly move and process the massive amounts of data these systems demand.
	Deepfakes in warfare: New concerns emerge from their use around the Russian invasion of Ukraine Visitors to a Ukrainian news website on the evening of February 18 2022, were greeted by a familiar sight, a video of their president giving a speech. While the resemblance was there, the face seemed slightly out of sync with the head of the Ukrainian president.
	New index rates transparency of ten foundation model companies, and finds them lacking Companies in the foundation model space are becoming less transparent, says Rishi Bommasani, Society Lead at the Center for Research on Foundation Models (CRFM), within Stanford HAI. For example, OpenAI, which has the word "open" right in its name, has clearly stated that it will not be transparent about most aspects of its flagship model, GPT-4.
	Subscription plan promises boosted replies at X, formerly Twitter X on Friday unveiled a $16-a-month subscription plan allowing users who pay more to get the biggest boost for their replies posted at the platform formerly known as Twitter.
	Heat pumps can't take the cold? Nordics debunk the myth By installing a heat pump in his house in the hills of Oslo, Oyvind Solstad killed three birds with one stone, improving his comfort, finances and climate footprint.
	UK prepares to host global leaders' gathering on AI The UK government will welcome foreign political leaders, tech industry figures, academics and others this week for a two-day summit billed as the first of its kind on artificial intelligence (AI).
	Heavy industry turns to carbon capture to clean up its act For decades heavy industry around Dunkirk in northern France has belched out millions of metric tons of climate-heating gases.
	Japan's first fully autonomous vehicle suspended Japan's first pilot project of a fully autonomous self-driving vehicle has been suspended after a minor accident with a parked bicycle, officials said Monday.
	Biden to unveil 'sweeping' action to reduce AI risks US President Joe Biden will unveil "sweeping" action on Monday aimed at regulating the use of artificial intelligence, the White House said, in an effort to reduce risks associated with the emerging technology.
	Browser extensions could capture passwords and sensitive info as plain text When you type a password or credit card number into a website, you expect that your sensitive data will be protected by a system designed to keep it secure.
	A study of connected vehicle technology The largest on-road trial of connected vehicle technology in Australia has found participants who used the technology for nine months approved of it in general and contributed significant feedback on further enhancement to the technology.
	Musk pulls plug on paying for X factchecks Elon Musk has said that corrections to posts on X would no longer be eligible for payment as the social network comes under mounting criticism as becoming a conduit for misinformation.
	Meta rolls out paid ad-free option for European Facebook and Insta users after privacy ruling Facebook and Instagram users in Europe are getting the option to pay for ad-free versions of the social media platforms as a way to comply with the continent's strict data privacy rules, parent company Meta said Monday.
	Researchers develop technology to protect EVs from chip 'noise' University of Texas at Dallas researchers have developed a first-of-its-kind technology to detect and reduce "noise" from electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electric vehicles. Such interference can cause malfunctions, such as providing incorrect navigation or compromising collision-avoidance systems.
	Computer scientists program robotic seeing-eye dog to guide the visually impaired Engineers from the Computer Science Department at Binghamton University, State University of New York have programmed a robot guide dog to assist the visually impaired. The robot responds to tugs on its leash.
	How to redesign social media algorithms to bridge divides Social media platforms have been implicated in conflicts of all scales, from urban gun violence to the storming of the US Capitol building on January 6 and civil war in South Sudan. Scientifically, it is difficult to tell how much social media can be blamed for one-off incidents.
	Business advantages of customers using 'personal fabrication' in 3D printing revealed in new study For years, the idea of a "3D business" only evoked images of 1950s theater patrons donning plastic goggles to watch a "stereoscopic" movie. Now the term is used more often to denote 3D printing that allows consumers to create their own items.
	Google CEO defends paying Apple and others to make Google the default search engine on devices Testifying in the biggest U.S. antitrust case in a quarter century, Google CEO Sundar Pichai defended his company's practice of paying Apple and other tech companies to make Google the default search engine on their devices, saying the intent was to make the user experience "seamless and easy.''
	Biden unveils AI order aiming to 'lead the way' on safety President Joe Biden issued an executive order Monday on regulating artificial intelligence, aiming for the United States to "lead the way" in global efforts to manage the technology's risks.
	New research will help strengthen vital infrastructure resilience against malevolent attacks As technology continues to advance, the likelihood of malevolent attacks and subsequent failures on society's critical infrastructures increases. Blackouts, water shortages, transport collapses—these potential threats to cities not only come with a hefty price tag but are likely to cause chaos and affect the health and safety of communities.
	Overhead catenary e-trucks: Lessons for the future of the technology Led by Fraunhofer ISI, the BOLD project provided scientific support accompanying three field trials and 12 other research projects on electric trucks powered by overhead lines. Together with ifeu and Öko-Institut, Fraunhofer ISI analyzed the acceptance of the technology, the opportunities and barriers in industry and the policy landscape as well as the climate and environmental impact of the technology.
	A Google Slides extension can make presentation software more accessible for blind users Screen readers, which convert digital text to audio, can make computers more accessible to many disabled users—including those who are blind, low vision or dyslexic. Yet slideshow software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides, isn't designed to make screen reader output coherent.
	New tool automates the formal verification of systems software Formal systems verification, which mathematically proves that code is secure in all circumstances, is a relatively new technology. Software is getting more complex and harder to get right using traditional software testing techniques. Making software correct, safe, and secure is becoming even more critical as the use of generative AI techniques like ChatGPT to automatically write programs increases. In fact, there will be even more need for verification to ensure those automatically generated programs are correct.
	Twitter takeover: 1 year later, X struggles with misinformation, advertising and usage decline One year ago, billionaire and new owner Elon Musk walked into Twitter's San Francisco headquarters with a white bathroom sink and a grin, fired its CEO and other top executives and began transforming the social media platform into what is now known as X.
	Stellantis, striking US auto union reach tentative deal Stellantis and the striking United Auto Workers union have reached a preliminary agreement on a new labor contract, the two sides said Saturday, allowing members to go back to work at grounded factories.
	Robot space maintenance based on human arm dynamics On-orbit assembly has become a crucial aspect of space operations, where the manipulator frequently and directly interacts with objects in a complex assembly process. The traditional manipulator control has limitations in adapting to diverse assembly tasks and is vulnerable to vibration, leading to assembly failure.
	Taiwan's Foxconn calls for 'confidence' in wake of Chinese tax probe Taiwan-based tech giant Foxconn said Monday its current operations were "normal", calling for confidence in the company after a tax probe launched by Chinese authorities.
	Australia's new dawn: Becoming a green superpower with a big role in cutting global emissions Australia has three ways it can help reduce world greenhouse emissions, the only reduction that matters in tackling climate change.
	US auto strike nears end as union, GM reach tentative deal A wave of strikes that disrupted the three largest US automakers for six weeks looked to have been finally resolved Monday, as the auto workers union reached a tentative agreement with holdout General Motors.
	Bankman-Fried faces prosecutors in US fraud trial Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of the collapsed cryptocurrency exchange FTX, faced a tough cross-examination on Monday, with US prosecutors chipping away at his denials of committing massive fraud.
	Attribute augmentation-based label integration for crowdsourcing Crowdsourcing provides an effective and low-cost way to collect labels from crowd workers. Due to the lack of professional knowledge, the quality of crowdsourced labels is relatively low. A common approach to addressing this issue is to collect multiple labels for each instance from different crowd workers and then a label integration method is used to infer its true label. However, almost all existing label integration methods merely make use of the original attribute information and do not pay attention to the quality of the multiple noisy label set of each instance.

Chemistry news

	Scientists develop new method to create stable, efficient next-gen solar cells Next-generation solar materials are cheaper and more sustainable to produce than traditional silicon solar cells, but hurdles remain in making the devices durable enough to withstand real-world conditions. A new technique developed by a team of international scientists could simplify the development of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells, named for their unique crystalline structure that excels at absorbing visible light.
	Researchers reveal how common desert shrub efficiently harvests water from the air A team of scientists, led by Post-Doctoral Associate Marieh Al-Handawi and Professor of Chemistry Panče Naumov from NYU Abu Dhabi's Smart Materials Lab and NYU Abu Dhabi Institute's Center for Smart Engineering Materials (CSEM) has revealed the mechanism a desert plant native to the United Arab Emirates uses to capture moisture from the desert air in order to survive.
	New simulation method using AI accurately predicts powder mixing Imagine a world without powders. It may sound exaggerated, but our daily lives are intricately connected to powders in various ways from foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics to batteries, ceramics, etc. In all these industries, powder mixing is an important unit operation where different types of powders are mixed to achieve uniformity. However, it can be difficult to predict what conditions are optimal to achieve the desired uniformity as the process often relies on trial and error as well as engineers' expertise.
	3D-printed metals with contrasting properties made using new method Scientists have developed a new method that can make customized 3D-printed metal parts containing different properties—such as having some regions of the metal stronger than others.
	How to protect biocatalysts from oxygen There are high hopes for hydrogen as the key to the energy transition. A specific enzyme group found in algae and in bacteria can produce molecular hydrogen simply by catalyzing protons and electrons. However, the enzyme group is so sensitive to oxygen that commercial use of the hydrogen produced by this process as a green energy source is not yet possible.
	Autonomous measuring instruments systematically detect new materials Researchers are working tirelessly to find new materials for future technologies that are essential for the energy transition—as electrocatalysts, for example. Due to their versatile properties, materials consisting of five or more elements are of great interest for this purpose. With approximately 50 usable elements of the periodic table, there is an almost infinite number of feasible materials.
	Successful development of Pauson–Khand reaction with atropisomeric substrates could result in new practical applications The rich diversity of organic compounds is a result of the remarkable ability of carbon atoms to connect and form bonds with different molecules. Variations in these bonding arrangements, as well as the types of atoms and functional groups involved, result in the formation of isomers. They are a type of compound that shares the same molecular formula but exhibits distinct three-dimensional shapes and properties.

Biology news

	Structure of diatom photosystem supercomplex reveals its energy transfer, photoprotective pathways Diatoms are an important group of red lineage species in the oceans that produce about 20% of the Earth's primary productivity. Unlike green algae and higher plants, diatom photosystems bind fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (FCPs) as peripheral antennas to harvest more blue-green light underwater.
	Fruit fly study sheds light on how organisms regulate feeding/fasting cycles Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used fruit flies to study how daily eating patterns are regulated. They found that the quasimodo (qsm) gene helped sync feeding to light/dark cycles, but not in constant darkness: instead, the genes clock (clk) and cycle (cyc) keep eating/fasting cycles, while other "clocks" in nerve cells help sync it to days. Deciphering the molecular mechanism behind eating cycles helps us understand animal behavior, including our own.
	Human organoid research identifies crucial 'traffic light' in gut cell differentiation The different cell types of the human gut develop from stem cells through a process of differentiation. Researchers from the Organoid group (Hubrecht Institute), together with researchers at the Princess Máxima Center and Maastricht University, used gut organoids to perform a systematic CRISPR screening of 1,800 human transcription factors and identified ZNF800 as a key regulator of the differentiation of a specific gut cell type, the enteroendocrine cells.
	Biosynthesis of magnetic sensor in magnetic bacteria revealed through expression of foreign proteins A German-French research team led by Bayreuth microbiologist Dirk Schüler presents new findings on the functionality of proteins in magnetic bacteria in the journal mBio. The research is based on previous results published recently in the same journal.
	Even low levels of artificial light disrupt ecosystems A new collection of papers on artificial light at night show the impact of light pollution to be surprisingly far-reaching, with even low levels of artificial light disrupting species communities and entire ecosystems. Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , the special theme issue, which includes 16 scientific papers, looks at the effects of light pollution in complex ecological systems, including soil, grassland, and insect communities.
	New map of 20th-century land use in Britain helps researchers demystify biodiversity change A collaboration led by Northumbria University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences has for the first time mapped how land use changed across Britain throughout the last century. The new map reveals how and where some 50% of semi-natural grassland was lost, including 90% of the country's lowland meadows and pasture, as the country intensified its agriculture.
	The genetic heritage of the Denisovans may have left its mark on our mental health Modern humans left Africa some 60,000 years ago in the event known as "Out-of-Africa." In Asia, they coincided with the Denisovans, and that encounter may have led to confrontations and collaborations, but also various crossbreeding. In fact, modern humans retain genetic variants of Denisovan origin in our genome, which are testimony to those initial interactions.
	Cat-ching criminals with DNA from pet hairs Cat hair could be the purr-fect way to catch criminals, according to researchers from the University of Leicester. They have shown that a single cat hair contains DNA which could link a suspect and a crime-scene, or a victim.
	Controlling organoids with light by combining spatial transcriptomics with optogenetics They look like storm clouds that could fit on the head of a pin: Organoids are three-dimensional cell cultures that play a key role in medical and clinical research. This is thanks to their ability to replicate tissue structures and organ functions in the petri dish. Scientists can use organoids to understand how diseases occur, how organs develop, and how drugs work.
	Better tech needed to increase soil organic carbon and crop yields, study says Increasing organic carbon in soils has been promoted as a way to help combat climate change while also improving soil fertility and crop yields, but a new paper shows that promised yield increases at a global scale would be negligible with current technologies and optimal management practices.
	Study uncovers hundred-year lifespans for three freshwater fish species in the Arizona desert A recent study has found some of the oldest animals in the world living in a place you wouldn't expect: fishes in the Arizona desert. Researchers have found the second genus of animal ever for which three or more species have known lifespans greater than 100 years, which could open the doors to aging studies across disciplines, such as gerontology and senescence (aging) among vertebrates.
	New study shows that amphibians have one more thing to worry about: Methylmercury The first widescale assessment of methylmercury in adult amphibians in the U.S. to date shows that in amphibians, this toxic compound is common, widespread, and at least for some, can reach very high levels.
	AI-powered data-limited stock assessment method more accurate than 'gold standard' in predicting sustainable catches A recent update introduced to the CMSY methodology used to assess the status of fish stocks has proven to more accurately predict the catch that a population can support than highly-valued data-intensive models.
	Grandma chimps offer clues for evolution of menopause in humans Humans and some whales are the only known species in which females live long after they stop being able to reproduce.
	1.6 million acres of Great Plains grasslands were destroyed in 2021 alone, World Wildlife Fund says Over the course of 12 months, an area of Great Plains grasslands bigger than the state of Delaware was erased from the map.
	Unlocking the genetic potential of poplars: A new era of precision genome editing with CRISPR The Populus genus, commonly known as poplars, cottonwoods, and aspens, consists of approximately 30 tree species native to the northern hemisphere. Because of their diverse usages in landscape, agriculture, bioenergy, and industry, Populus species have been the focus of many tree breeding and genetic improvement programs.
	CRISPR/Cas9 unlocks TuMV resistance in Chinese cabbage: A leap forward in genome-edited plant breeding Genome editing, especially the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, holds immense promise in enhancing plant traits, primarily disease resistance, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional breeding.
	New species of mosasaur named for Norse sea serpent Scientists have discovered a new species of mosasaur, large, carnivorous aquatic lizards that lived during the late Cretaceous. With "transitional" traits that place it between two well-known mosasaurs, the new species is named after a sea serpent in Norse mythology, Jormungandr, and the small North Dakota city Walhalla near to where the fossil was found.
	The underappreciated role of pods and siliques to developing seeds Plants harness energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide through a process called photosynthesis which supports the generation of carbohydrates, proteins, and oils that are stored in seeds—like a kernel of corn, a soybean, or a grain of rice. Seeds are a critical resource for humans as food, fodder, and fuel.
	Humans have substantially altered the relationship between wolves and deer, finds study New research from the University of Minnesota's Voyageurs Wolf Project found that human activities in northern Minnesota—logging, road and trail creation, and infrastructure development—have profoundly impacted where wolves hunt and kill deer fawns. By altering forest ecosystems, humans have created an environment that possibly favors the predators.
	How small differences in data analysis make huge differences in results Over the past 20 years or so, there has been growing concern that many results published in scientific journals can't be reproduced.
	Researchers unveil role of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in kiwifruits under pathogen stress As key regulators, pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPRs) function in ribonucleic acid (RNA) editing, organellar gene expression, photosynthesis, the organellar electron transport chain, cellular metabolism, and adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) production. Deficiencies in the functions of PPRs often result in organelle dysfunction, defects in growth and embryo development, or abnormal stress sensitivity. However, the role of PPRs in disease resistance in kiwifruit remains unclear, and the underlying role of RNA editing is not fully understood.
	Native waterfall-climbing fish threatened by climate change, human activity New research out of the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa is highlighting the importance of the ma uka (mountain) to ma kai (ocean) approach to the stewardship of Hawai'i's natural and cultural resources.
	Two bee species become one as researchers solve identity puzzle A new study by Curtin and Flinders Universities has found that what were thought to be two different species of native Australian bee are in fact one.
	CLAMP complex helps parasites enter human cells Apicomplexan parasites are a group of single-celled organisms responsible for several serious and prevalent diseases, from malaria, to a severe childhood diarrhea (cryptosporidiosis), to toxoplasmosis—a disease that endangers pregnant women and fetuses, and is the reason pregnant women are told to avoid changing cat litter.
	Novel soybean regulator affects seed weight and size Soybean (Glycine max) is an important economic crop that provides edible oil, vegetative protein, and other nutrients for humans. Soybean originated and was domesticated in China. Identification of novel seed regulators through abundant accessions in China is of great importance for elucidating related regulatory networks and breeding of modern cultivars.
	Unlocking the future of apple breeding: The power of genomewide selection in modern breeding practices Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) breeding is a resource-intensive and time-consuming process. Although a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with apple fruit appearance and quality traits have been reported, fewer QTLs have been translated into locus-specific traits for use in breeding, while many apple fruit quality traits are genetically complex and may be influenced by many minor-effect QTLs throughout the genome.
	Decoding the 'montmorency' sour cherry genome: Unraveling prunus evolution and enhancing breeding strategies The sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is a treasured temperate fruit, known for its distinct sweet-acidic flavor and exceptional processing quality. Belonging to the economically vital Rosaceae family, it shares lineage with various Prunus species such as peach, sweet cherry, and almond.
	Research discovers an increasing risk of invasive species colonization on marine debris A study conducted along the Southeast coast of India has unearthed a pressing environmental concern: the increasing risk of invasive species colonization on marine debris.
	How to bring 'ghost ponds' back from the dead Digging new ponds and resurrecting old "ghost ponds" can be done by landowners to revitalize biodiversity in natural and farmland landscapes, say UCL researchers in a new how-to guide for turning degraded ponds into thriving ecosystems.
	Pesticide policy failings in Africa a risk to health, says expert Africa is using more pesticides, but there aren't enough laws, rules, and policies to protect farmers from the harmful effects, Fredrick Otieno, chemicals risk manager and environmental planner at the Center for Environmental Justice and Development in Nairobi, tells SciDev.Net.
	Poor image of bats undermines conservation efforts, says study You might think that bats are scary. But do you know what would be even scarier? To live in a world without them. Bats are key providers of ecosystem services, and their disappearance would translate into enormous economic losses and arguably wide-scale ecosystem collapse.
	Fake Halloween spiderwebs are truly scary—to wildlife Angelenos love Halloween. Every year as the days start to get noticeably shorter, disembodied hands erupt from flower beds and grinning skeletons settle in to lounge on front lawns. Witches, demons and ghouls pop up on rooftops and fences, and ghosts appear hanging from tree boughs.
	Left-coiling snail needed as mate for rare and unnamed snail A rare left-coiling snail is on the lookout for love after being discovered by a snail-searching academic in Nottingham.
	Black-led conservation group purchases 650 acres of Sierra forest land in Placer County A Sacramento Black-led land conservation nonprofit will soon take control of hundreds of acres in the Sierra Nevada, opening up opportunity for more Californians to explore the outdoors.
	'Killing' trees: How true environmental protection requires a revolution in how we talk about, and with, our forests Which came first, the acorn or the oak? A more important question is which came first: our words for trees, or our understandings of what trees are?
	We must assess 'cumulative impacts' to protect nature from death by a thousand cuts Australia's national environment protection law ignores the big picture. Like a racehorse wearing blinkers, decision-makers focus on a single project in isolation. If they dropped the blinkers and considered the combined effects of multiple projects, they might shy away from allowing so many harmful impacts.
	Surveillance and genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage water by Cas12a-facilitated portable plasmonic biosensor Infectious diseases severely threaten public health and global biosafety. In addition to transmission through the air, pathogenic microorganisms have also been detected in environmental liquid samples, such as sewage water. The various methodologies utilized in the clinical diagnosis of pathogens are often time-consuming and cost-ineffective, and their detection limits are not satisfactory for processing environmental samples, which contain only scant amounts of microorganismal DNA/RNA.
	Unveiling the wonders of ciliate conjugation: Insights from Paramecium jenningsi Ciliate protozoa possess the remarkable ability to reproduce through both asexual and sexual means. Their distinctive sexual process involves conjugation and autogamy, and they wield a secret weapon: extraordinary nuclear dimorphism. Within each cell resides both a germline micronucleus (MIC) and a somatic macronucleus (MAC). When subjected to fluorescent staining, their sexual processes transform into a captivating kaleidoscope of vibrant colors, creating a cellular carnival of vibrant colors.

Medicine and Health news

	Trial of Chinese medicine compound Tongxinluo shows intriguing results with unclear active ingredients A clinical trial led by Yuejin Yang of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China, has concluded that a Chinese traditional medicine compound, Tongxinluo, reduced major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and reduced cardiac deaths.
	Scientists isolate 'pre-emerging' bat coronavirus but also identify existing medication that potently neutralizes it Repeated outbreaks of bat-derived coronaviruses among humans and other mammals have heightened the need for a broad range of therapeutics—monoclonal antibodies and antivirals—treatments that can come immediately "off-the-shelf" to address newly-emerging zoonotic threats.
	How a single synapse transmits both visual and subconscious information to the brain of fruit flies Research led by Peking University, China, has discovered a single type of retinal photoreceptor cell in Drosophila (fruit fly) is involved in both visual perception and circadian photoentrainment by co-releasing histamine and acetylcholine at the first visual synapse.
	Study shows that activity in the primate visual cortex is minimally linked to spontaneous movements Many past neuroscience studies have found that animals process sensory information, such as visual stimuli, sounds, and so on, in relation to their movements within their surroundings. This experimentally confirmed idea, referred to as embodiment, has informed the present understanding of both animal and human brains, as well as the development of bio-inspired robotic systems.
	Innovative antibody approach targets deep-seated cancer mutations For too long, cancer treatment has been a double-edged sword—the very treatments designed to kill cancer cells often wrought havoc on healthy ones too.
	Soy expansion in Brazil linked to increase in childhood leukemia deaths Over the past decades, Brazil has become the world's leading soybean producer, as well as the leading consumer of pesticides. Despite concerns about potential public health consequences, little is known about the effects of pesticide exposure in the general population.
	Want to achieve your goals? Get angry, say researchers While often perceived as a negative emotion, anger can also be a powerful motivator for people to achieve challenging goals in their lives, according to new research.
	A wave theory for explaining neurochemical balance in the brain In a new study, a group of researchers led by Dr. Joshua Goldberg from the Hebrew University describe a new kind of neurochemical wave in the brain. Their research, published in Nature Communications, unveils the existence of traveling waves of the neurochemical acetylcholine in the striatum, a region of the brain responsible for motivating actions and habitual behaviors.
	Texas lab unlocks keys to alcohol withdrawal headache About 283 million people worldwide suffer from alcohol use disorder, a debilitating health challenge for which limited therapeutic options are available. The cost to society is estimated at greater than $2 trillion annually.
	In endemic settings, behavioral adjustments can fully compensate increasing infection risk: Study To reduce the transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic and to lower infection rates, so-called non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) measures such as mask-wearing and social distancing were prescribed in many regions of the world.
	How humans use their sense of smell to find their way You might say that a sweet tooth turned sixth-year psychology Ph.D. student Clara Raithel onto the human sense of smell.
	Surprising finding links sleep, brain insulation and neurodegeneration Scientists affiliated with the Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at Wu Tsai Neuro have discovered a surprising connection between brain cells involved in producing the insulation around nerve fibers, our sleep patterns, and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
	How molecules in the zebrafish brain indicate it's time to quit a fight Two RIKEN neuroscientists have uncovered a molecular switch in the zebrafish brain that causes a fish to quit fighting against another zebrafish. This discovery could shed light on various mood disorders in people.
	Study assesses impact of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.2.86's multiple mutations A combined team of medical researchers from Columbia University and the University of Michigan has found that, despite multiple mutations, the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.2.86 does not appear to be more dangerous than prior subvariants. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the group describes the multiple ways they tested the new subvariant and what they found by doing so.
	New inflammatory mechanisms unveiled in the setting of liver disease and liver cancer An international study involving Birmingham researchers identified for the first time how a protein found in the endothelium supports the transfer of specific immune cells, called macrophages, from the blood into the liver, causing inflammation—which can promote liver disease and liver cancer.
	Resident T cells discovered in lymph nodes The immune system is fast when it comes to fighting viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. But it also has to know when not to attack—for example, harmless substances such as pollen or house dust, which otherwise trigger allergic reactions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lymph nodes play a key role here, suppressing excessive or misdirected immune responses there.
	Weekly insulin injections could be as effective in diabetes management as daily injection regimes Insulin icodec, a once-weekly basal injection to treat type 1 diabetes, has the potential to be as effective in managing the condition as daily basal insulin treatments, according to research from the University of Surrey. The results of the year-long phase 3 clinical trial could revolutionize the future of diabetes care and help millions of people better manage their condition.
	Scientists create special 'telomouse' with human-like telomeres In an exciting scientific breakthrough, a team of researchers led by Professor Yehuda Tzfati from the Institute of Life Science at the Hebrew University and Professor Klaus Kaestner from the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, has introduced the "Telomouse." This discovery involves changing just one tiny building block in one gene of ordinary lab mice, Mus musculus, to make their telomeres (our chromosome caps) look much more like the telomeres in humans.
	Particular subgroup of antibodies responsible for dengue's increased deadliness may lead to vaccine Dengue fever is a viral infection with a devastating twist: those who have caught it once are more likely to develop life-threatening disease the second time around. Why our bodies not only fail to learn from prior infection but also become more vulnerable as a result is a longstanding mystery that has prevented development of a universal dengue vaccine. Rather than protecting against disease, such a vaccine could instead serve as a first exposure to prime the body for it.
	New antibody could target breast cancers An enzyme that may help some breast cancers spread can be stopped with an antibody created in the lab of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Professor Nicholas Tonks. With further development, the antibody might offer an effective drug treatment for those same breast cancers.
	Improving deep sleep may prevent dementia, study finds As little as 1% reduction in deep sleep per year for people over 60 years of age translates into a 27% increased risk of dementia, according to a study which suggests that enhancing or maintaining deep sleep, also known as slow wave sleep, in older years could stave off dementia.
	Study links specific gut bacteria to increased risk of severe malaria Indiana University School of Medicine researchers have identified multiple species of bacteria that, when present in the gut, are linked to an increased risk of developing severe malaria in humans and mice. Their findings, recently published in Nature Communications, could lead to the development of new approaches targeting gut bacteria to prevent severe malaria and associated deaths.
	Reducing anxiety and stress with pupil feedback Our pupils are a mirror of our state of arousal: they dilate when we are tense, stressed or even panicky, and constrict when we calm down. Key to this is an area of the brain measuring about 15 millimeters: a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem known as locus coeruleus. Located deep in the brain, it regulates our state of arousal via the neurotransmitter noradrenaline.
	Hearing bad grammar results in physical signs of stress, new study reveals A new study by professors at the University of Birmingham has revealed for the first time how our bodies go into stress-mode when hearing misused grammar.
	Playing professional football may shorten players' lives Several recent studies have concluded that professional football players tend to live longer than other "American men in general." This research implies that the benefits of professional football, including physical fitness and affluence, may outweigh risks such as cardiovascular and neurological health problems.
	Discovery unlocks potential new arsenal to target leukemia and other cancers A discovery by a QIMR Berghofer-led team of international scientists has potentially unlocked an entirely new approach to targeting the blood cancer acute myeloid leukemia, bringing hope to patients who are no longer responding to existing treatments.
	Could gut fungi be linked to severe COVID? What to make of new research findings Many tiny organisms including bacteria, fungi and viruses normally live on our bodies, and even inside us. These are called the microbiome. The large number of these organisms living in the gastrointestinal tract are collectively known as the gut microbiome.
	It's as safe to get your prescription from a nurse practitioner as from a doctor Nurse practitioners are just as good as primary care doctors at avoiding potentially harmful prescriptions for older patients—but both need to do better, a large, new study suggests.
	Q&A: Analyzing the stereotypes of adolescence In Western cultures, adolescence is often viewed as a time of rebellion and irresponsibility. A new article published in the journal Child Development Perspectives synthesized recent research on stereotypes of adolescence using an interdisciplinary approach which integrates developmental psychology, cultural psychology, and neuroscience.
	Trauma-informed training workshops prompt meaningful individual and organizational changes, according to surveys A McLean Hospital study of 598 people across various industries who underwent a two-day training workshop where they learned about trauma-informed care and how to deploy these skills within their organizations, found participants reported significant gains in knowledge of trauma and made improvements to organizational policies, according to a comparison of survey data collected before and after the trainings.
	Study shows risk of admission and death from COVID-19 low overall, but oldest adults remain vulnerable About 80% of residents in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia, had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by July 2023 and were at low risk for severe outcomes, but almost half of the oldest adults remained uninfected and were at highest risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19, according to a new study published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
	Hospital's pioneering gene therapy aims to free patients of blood disease. Is a cure at hand? Born with a deadly blood disease, Clint and Alissa Finlayson's adopted daughters—Ada, nine, and Lily, 12—are the first patients on the West Coast to receive a new gene therapy offered by UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland.
	A relational framework for microbiome research that includes Indigenous communities Research on the trillions of microorganisms that make up a person's microbiome can lead to medical breakthroughs to treat diseases like inflammatory bowel syndrome and diabetes. According to Alyssa Bader, a Tsimshian Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology at McGill University, microbiome samples from Indigenous communities have the potential to further Western medicine, but those same communities often have been excluded from the research process and may miss out on the benefits that result from their contributions to science. There is also a history of this research exploiting and harming Indigenous peoples.
	Extreme heat projected to increase cardiovascular deaths Cardiovascular-related deaths due to extreme heat are expected to increase between 2036 and 2065 in the United States, according to a study supported by the National Institutes of Health. The researchers, whose work is published in Circulation, predict that adults ages 65 and older and Black adults will likely be disproportionately affected.
	Researchers identify key takeaways for AIDS service organizations to ensure resilience The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed health care systems across the United States. More than 100 million cases and one million deaths later, clinicians and researchers are still unraveling the lessons learned from this global public health crisis.
	Teens with atopic dermatitis more likely to experience bullying Adolescents with versus those without atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased prevalence and frequency of experiencing bullying, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in JAMA Dermatology.
	Staring at screens can cause eye strain. Here's tips to prevent that Millions of people spend hours looking at screens every day, straining their eyes.
	Make this Halloween a safe one for people with dementia Halloween is often frightening for loved ones who have dementia, but there are ways to keep it safe and not scary.
	California kids have among the worst teeth in US Priscilla Serrano did everything she could to keep her child's teeth clean and healthy. She rubbed his gums twice a day with a finger brush when he was three months old. She brought him to the dentist before his first birthday. She weaned him off a bottle early, gave him healthy snacks, avoided juice, brushed his teeth twice a day and even flossed for him.
	Doubts abound about a new Alzheimer's blood test For the first time, people worried about their risk of Alzheimer's disease can go online, order a blood test, and receive results in the privacy of their homes.
	Analysis: A new era of vaccines leaves old questions about prices unanswered The world is entering a new era of vaccines. Following the success of COVID-19 mRNA shots, scientists have a far greater capacity to tailor shots to a virus's structure, putting a host of new vaccines on the horizon.
	Positive messages can mitigate harm from objectified fitness posts, suggests study A few words of body appreciation can help counter the negative impact of viewing objectified images of female fitness influencers, according to a Washington State University study.
	Updated menopause toolkit offers improved assessment and treatment Care for women with menopausal health issues should improve globally following the release of an updated Monash University-led toolkit that guides health professionals around the world in assessing and treating them.
	EPA testing shows the power of D-I-Y air filters to trap viruses There is a low-cost way for you to protect yourself and reduce your risk of respiratory diseases such as flu, RSV, and COVID-19. Build yourself a Corsi-Rosenthal box (CR box) in 30 minutes with just $60 worth of common hardware store supplies.
	Expert explains why a change is needed when talking about dementia One of the challenges in addressing Alzheimer's disease, dementia, cognitive impairment and aging is not related to the conditions themselves but rather the terminology. That's according to Dr. Ronald Petersen, director of the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, who suggests a new framework for dementia nomenclature is needed.
	Intestinal bacteria metabolite found to promote capture of antigens by dendritic cells Dendritic cells play a key role in the mammalian immune system. These cells are present throughout the human body and are known to capture foreign bodies, or antigens, using extendable "arms" called dendrites. Once captured, dendritic cells present these substances to immune T cells, thereby initiating an immune response.
	FDA approves mirikizumab, a promising induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved mirikizumab, on October 26, 2023, a highly effective new treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC), offering a new option to patients battling this chronic and debilitating inflammatory bowel disease.
	Study: 'GPS' seed devices effective in localizing breast tumors University of Cincinnati Cancer Center researchers found a seed device that acts as a GPS for surgeons to locate and remove breast and lymph node tumors was safe and effective.
	Protein eIF4A emerges as a potential Achilles' heel for triple-negative breast cancer Improving treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive tumor with very poor prognosis and limited therapeutic targets, has been challenging. Responding to this need for better treatments, researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and collaborating institutions have investigated potential vulnerabilities in TNBC that could lead to novel therapies and improved outcomes for this devastating condition.
	First ever gene therapy trial for children with Hunter syndrome opens The UK regulatory authorities have approved the first ever trial of a revolutionary gene therapy for young children diagnosed with Hunter syndrome, a devastating rare lysosomal storage disorder.
	Protein interaction causing rare but deadly vaccine-related clotting found A mechanism that led some patients to experience cases of deadly clotting following some types of COVID-19 vaccination has been identified in new research.
	COVID meds like Paxlovid will soon have big price tags Americans have been getting COVID treatments such as Paxlovid for free, but that's about to end.
	FDA warns eyedrops from major brands may cause infection Federal regulators are warning consumers to stop using eyedrops and gels from several major brands after finding unsanitary conditions in a manufacturing plant.
	1 in 5 US parents worry their teen is addicted to the internet American parents fear their teens' internet use could expose them to cyberbullying, harmful content and set them up for addiction, a new study shows.
	FDA advisors to weigh new gene therapy for sickle cell anemia Patients with sickle cell disease may soon have two new treatments to try.
	Could a cheap, DIY air filter help rid your home of viruses? A cheap, do-it-yourself air purifier is powerful enough to effectively protect a home from free-floating flu and COVID-19 viruses, according to test results from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
	Testosterone efficacious for correcting anemia in middle-aged men Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is efficacious for correcting anemia among middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism and anemia, according to a study published online Oct. 27 in JAMA Network Open.
	Inhaled amikacin reduces ventilatory-associated pneumonia For critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for at least three days, a three-day course of inhaled amikacin reduces the subsequent burden of ventilatory-associated pneumonia, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in the New England Journal of Medicine. The study was published to coincide with the annual congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, held from Oct. 21 to 25 in Milan.
	Risk-adapted starting age of CRC screening varies by sex, genetics Risk-adapted starting ages of screening vary by sex and polygenic risk score (PRS) among individuals at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), according to a study published online Oct. 25 in JAMA Network Open.
	Slashing salt can save lives—and it won't hurt your hip pocket or tastebuds Each year, more than 2,500 Australians die from diseases linked to eating too much salt.
	PTSD expert on how to protect yourself and your kids from overexposure to war images from the Mideast The past few years have been filled with a seemingly endless stream of painful stories and images coming from across the globe, including the loss of more than 3 million people to the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread trauma inflicted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
	What is 'fried rice syndrome'? A microbiologist explains this type of food poisoning—and how to avoid it A condition dubbed "fried rice syndrome" has caused some panic online in recent days, after the case of a 20-year-old who died in 2008 was resurfaced on TikTok.
	Novel Rett syndrome variant shines light on new screening strategies for therapies Rett syndrome is a rare devastating neurological disorder that primarily affects young girls and manifests as an impaired ability to walk and talk, along with characteristic 'hand-wringing' movements, seizures, and cognitive disability. This incurable condition results from mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene that impairs the role of the MeCP2 protein in regulating the activity of many genes in brain cells.
	Research finds the most sexually adventurous gay and bisexual men are also the most vigilant with HIV prevention More than a third of gay and bisexual men in New Zealand report recently having group sex and the same proportion say they use drugs to enhance sexual experiences.
	Teamwork interventions may positively affect hospital climate for nurses but do not improve patient outcomes A pragmatic controlled trial by a team from Northwestern University has found that interventions to redesign care for hospitalized medical patients helped to improve the perceived level of teamwork from nurses' perspectives, but did not seem to affect patient outcomes. According to the authors, health care leaders should consider these findings in the context of their improvement priorities before implementing similar interventions. The study is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Enhanced tai chi program found to improve cognition, executive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment A study of more than 300 older adults experiencing mild cognitive impairment or self-reported memory concerns has found that cognitively enriched tai ji quan, also known as tai chi, was superior to standard tai ji quan or stretching for improving global cognition and reducing walking interference associated with dual tasking.
	Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir not effective for reducing most post-COVID-19 conditions: Study A trial emulation study of veterans with COVID-19 has found that the use of the antiviral nirmatrelvir–ritonavir was not effective for reducing the risk for many post-COVID-19 conditions, including cardiac, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, neurologic, mental health, musculoskeletal, or endocrine symptoms. Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir was associated only with a reduced risk for combined thromboembolic events. The study is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Shedding light on the paradoxical prognosis for patients with cardiac sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory disease that causes the harmful accumulation of tiny clumps of cells called granulomas in the body. In most cases, sarcoidosis manifests in the lungs and lymph nodes. However, in approximately 10% of patients, the heart is affected; this condition is known as "cardiac sarcoidosis (CS)." Although relatively rare, CS can cause life-threatening complications, including arrhythmia, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.
	Lymphoid reaction observed in eczema patients receiving dupilumab For adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) receiving dupilumab treatment, a reversible lymphoid reaction (LR) has been observed, which mimics cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), according to a study published online Oct. 18 in JAMA Dermatology.
	Increase in HIV PrEP provision for adolescents between 2018 and 2021 From 2018 to 2021, there was an increase in HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provision among adolescents, especially among male and older adolescents, according to a study published online Oct. 30 in Pediatrics.
	New guidelines: If you've never had a heart attack, don't take daily aspirin until you talk to your doctor Should you be taking daily aspirin to prevent a first heart attack or stroke? New Canadian guidelines released over the weekend suggest it's not for everyone.
	Q&A: Researcher explores how musicians, teachers can prevent noise-induced hearing loss Kris Chesky was well into his career as a musician-researcher working on music-related injuries when an audiologist colleague suggested he try out a set of custom-made musician earplugs. The audiologist fitted the earplugs by making silicone molds of his ear canals. When the earplugs arrived, he was surprised by how they felt when he played trumpet.
	Examining outcomes in children with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia Children with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and experience higher rates of relapse and treatment toxicity. In recent decades, new therapies have improved outcomes for the general population, but outcomes for children with Down syndrome have lagged and have not been reported for contemporary treatment regimens.
	Hospital care for children has shifted from general hospitals to children's hospitals over last 20 years Historically, most children in the United States who needed to be hospitalized were treated at general hospitals treating both children and adults. But the number of hospitals providing inpatient care for children has decreased over the last decade, and many of them struggled to keep up with the demand for children's care during a viral infection surge in the fall of 2022.
	Researchers demonstrate how genetics play a role in the development of hypertension Hypertension or high blood pressure is known to be more prevalent in men than in women. The reasons for this difference are not completely understood. Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine reviewed nationwide data encompassing more than 200,000 individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds to assess the role of genetics in the sex differences in hypertension in a recent study published in Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine.
	Ovarian cancer patients 70% less likely to die with aggressive surgical approach: Study Patients with ovarian cancer are 70% less likely to die three years after a multidisciplinary surgical approach is deployed, according to new research. The study from the Mater University Hospital on treating advanced ovarian cancer has found that aggressive surgery involving multiple specialists has a significant impact on survival rates.
	Special mouth rinse and brushes can help treat gum disease among diabetes patients Individuals with type 2 diabetes being treated for periodontitis may benefit from using an antimicrobial mouth rinse and small brushes to clean between teeth as part of their at-home oral care routine.
	New radiotherapy with high-performance computing could improve therapy for hard-to-treat cancers Researchers have used methods from high-performance computing to significantly reduce the time it takes to reconstruct images acquired through four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI), a leading-edge, high-quality imaging technique.
	The secret life of sugar Without it, cake wouldn't be nearly as tempting. Ice cream as enticing. Fruits as flavorful. Pastries as scrumptious. Cream puffs as scrumdiddlyumptious. There's no denying it: sugar is music to our mouths.
	Drawing a tube of blood could assess ALS risk from environmental toxin exposure Over the last decade, research at Michigan Medicine has shown how exposure to toxins in the environment, such as pesticides and carcinogenic PCBs, affect the risk of developing and dying from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
	New statement presents first clinical classification of heart attacks based on tissue damage The Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) has released the world's first classification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or heart attack, based on heart tissue damage research that was driven by two cardiovascular investigators within the Ischemic Heart Disease Program of Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center (KCVRC) at Indiana University School of Medicine and Northern Ontario School of Medicine.
	Strategies behind near-zero COVID-19 incidence in NBA 'bubble' published A report published today in The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine describes the strategies used by the National Basketball Association (NBA) to limit COVID-19 exposure among the individuals who participated in the 2019–2020 season. The success of the NBA's approach demonstrates that strict adherence to certain protocols can be highly effective in preventing disease outbreaks in a self-contained environment and serves as a model for future pandemic management.
	Brain autopsies of female intimate partner violence victims reveal different injuries from male contact sports athletes The largest brain autopsy study to date of women who had experienced intimate partner violence reveals substantial vascular and white matter damage in the brain, but no evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), the neurodegenerative disease recognized among male contact sports athletes who sustain repeated head trauma.
	Can personalized care prevent excessive screening for colorectal cancer in older adults? Colorectal cancer screening is widely recommended for adults ages 45 to 75 with an average risk of developing the disease. However, many people don't realize that the benefits of screening for this type of cancer aren't always the same for older adults.
	Light-activated muscle grafts show promise in aiding muscle recovery post-trauma Severe traumatic injuries that destroy large volumes of muscle can impact a person's health, mobility, and quality of life for a lifetime. Promising new research co-led by Ritu Raman, the d'Arbeloff Career Development Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and MIT collaborators aims to restore mobility for those who have lost muscle through disease or trauma.
	On nutrition: Don't toss those pumpkin seeds It all started with a question from a reader in Missouri: "Can pumpkin seeds minimize an overactive bladder? Is it better to eat ground-up pumpkin seeds or whole seeds? How much is advisable?"
	Over 100 dead from cholera, dengue in war-torn Sudan Outbreaks of cholera and dengue fever in war-torn Sudan have left more than 100 people dead since August, the health ministry said on Saturday.
	Storing guns away from home could reduce suicides, but legal hurdles loom Mike Hossfeld unlocked a heavy black steel door to his home's gun safe, unveiling both modern and antique firearms, some dating from the early 1900s.
	Chad's first dengue fever outbreak Chad has reported its first dengue outbreak, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The country's health ministry declared an outbreak on 15 August and so far 1,342 suspected cases have been reported, 41 of them confirmed in the laboratory.
As Mayor Brandon Johnson invests in mental health, questions linger about funding for other Chicago public health crises Mayor Brandon Johnson's first budget comes at a crossroads moment for the Chicago Department of Public Health.
	Kink communities can help people build connections and improve their body images In recent years, the world of kink lifestyles and subcultures has gained increasing attention. Kink is a general term that includes various expressions of unconventional or non-traditional sexual desires. This encompasses a wide array of practices, including power dynamics, intense sensations/stimuli, role-playing and more.
	We could see thunderstorm asthma in south-eastern Australia this season—here's how to prepare Victorians have been warned to prepare for the possibility of thunderstorm asthma again this season.
	Embedded on‐site aged care pharmacists in Australia A new study by Monash University suggests being on-site and truly embedded within the interprofessional aged care team provides pharmacists greater opportunities to support resident- and system-level improvements in quality use of medications.
	New position paper addresses the ethical concepts related to health as a human right The American College of Physicians (ACP) has issued a new position paper addressing health as a human right and examining the intersection of human rights, ethical obligations, and health reform in recognizing health as a human right.
	Video: Hearing aid advice from an audiologist Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic conditions as we age and is linked with increased risk for dementia and depression. Despite that, only one-fifth of adults with hearing loss actually seek intervention.
	The wrong type of plumbing can increase the risk of Legionnaires' disease, researchers say Pipe-in-pipe plumbing systems on the Norwegian market are tested and approved via the SINTEF Technical Approval System. However, plumbing installed in connection with so-called combi-cabinets has not been approved. The reason for this is the risk of establishing the Legionella bacterium that can cause serious lung infection, and which claims the lives of an unknown number of people each year.
	Updated antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). It can cause thrombosis and pregnancy complications as well as non-thrombotic manifestations such as cardiac valve disease
	Identifying the gender characteristics of patients with resistant hypertension Professor Eung Ju Kim of the Cardiovascular Center, Korea University's Guro Hospital, and his research team identified the gender difference of prescription patterns and clinical prognosis in patients with resistant hypertension for the first time.
	New research looks at life satisfaction in pandemic-era teens with mental health histories New research from the NIH's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, some teens with a history of depression, anxiety, autism and ADHD experienced more severe impacts than those without.
	Neutrophil PAD4: How does it function in cancer beyond promoting NETosis? A new editorial paper titled "Neutrophil PAD4: how does it function in cancer beyond promoting NETosis?" has been published in Oncotarget.

Other Sciences news

	Saturday Citations: Mars limnology, phage immunology, quantum technology. Plus: The mushrooms are coming This week, we reported on LIGO upgrades, parasitic fungi and a new analysis of Curiosity rover data. Also, did you know that viruses also attack bacteria? But at that scale, it's a lot less like catching a cold and a lot more like Harry Dean Stanton encountering the xenomorph in "Alien."
	Why all languages have words for 'this' and 'that' Languages around the world have words for "this" and "that" according to new research from an international team, led by the University of East Anglia. Researchers studied more than 1,000 speakers of 29 different languages to see how they use demonstratives—words that show where something is in relation to a person talking such as "this cat" or "that dog."
	Best of Last Week—landscape hidden beneath ice, using AI to predict AI research, fasting is safe for diabetics It was a good week for natural history research as a team of geologists from the U.K. and the U.S. found a hidden landscape of hills and valleys carved by ancient rivers and frozen in time beneath the ice of Antarctica. Also, a trio of geophysicists at Nanyang Technological University, in Singapore, working with a pair of colleagues from Universidad Nacional, in Costa Rica, recorded the first known slow-slip events off southern Costa Rica. They recorded five events off the Osa Peninsula where the Cocos Plate subducts under the Caribbean Plate. And a team led by a group at Northern Arizona University found, via analysis of satellite data, a surprising effect of fires in North America's boreal forests—the switch to deciduous forests is only temporary.
	Unusually dry growing seasons in Central America associated with migration to the US In a new article in Scientific Reports, a team of scholars from the University of Utah and The University of Texas at Austin found that drier than normal periods during growing seasons in Central America were associated with emigration to the United States in recent years.
	More than a tenth of the world's billionaires have held or sought political office, finds global analysis More than a tenth of the world's billionaires have held or sought political office, according to a new study published in Perspectives on Politics.
	Study of 1,000 selfies helps explain how we use them to communicate People have used self-portraits to communicate information about themselves for centuries—and digital cameras make it easier to share a self-portrait than ever before. But even though selfies are now almost ubiquitous, we don't understand how people use them to communicate. So scientists from the University of Bamberg set out to investigate the semantics of selfies.
	Perception of a worker's creativity affects their network and standing within an organization We work with coworkers every day to help us solve problems. For example, we may exchange ideas when discussing ways to increase revenue or when rolling out a new product or service. As we develop closer relationships with colleagues, we may notice a coworker who often thinks outside the box or is always teeming with ideas to help improve the organization. You might even be the person with all the ideas.
	Cockney and Queen's English have all but disappeared among young people—here's what's replaced them Cockney and received pronunciation (Queen's English) were once spoken by people of all ages, but they are no longer commonly spoken among young people in the south-east of England.
	Why humans aren't as egocentric as you might think—new research If you've read much about psychology or evolution, it's easy to get the idea that humans are hard wired to act as if the world revolves around themselves.
	Canine cuddles can comfort equally across all genders While there are a number of studies demonstrating that dog therapy programs can improve a person's social and emotional well-being, many typically have a disproportionate number of female participants.
	Business owners: Nostalgia sells on social media There's a good reason those Budweiser Clydesdale commercials are viewer favorites—they ooze nostalgia.
	Mistreatment of Michigan farmworkers: Researchers document abuses, push for change Denied drinking water. Timed bathroom breaks. Threatened or fired for bruising apples while picking them. Unsafe exposure to chemicals and pesticides. Working into the middle of night or in extreme heat or rain. Unpaid or unfairly paid wages with no recourse.
	High engagement, high return: The secret to student success High engagement, high return. That's the advice from education experts at the University of South Australia for teachers looking to improve student outcomes.
	Psychologists create scale for students' attitudes toward digital educational technologies RUDN University psychologists have developed a questionnaire to determine how students feel about digital educational technologies. It is one of the first such scales in Russia. The results were published in the journal Computers.
	Virtual meetings tire people because we're doing them wrong, says new research New research suggests sleepiness during virtual meetings is caused by mental underload and boredom. Earlier studies suggested that fatigue from virtual meetings stems from mental overload, but new research from Aalto University shows that sleepiness during virtual meetings might actually be a result of mental underload and boredom.
	Online grocery baskets less varied than in-store carts Online grocery carts tend to include less variety and fewer fruits and vegetables than those in a trip to a brick-and-mortar supermarket—but online shoppers are less susceptible to unhealthy impulse buys, a new Cornell study has found.
	'Get back to school' headlines eroded teacher well-being during pandemic, research shows Intense public pressure on teachers to "get back to school" during the COVID lockdowns deepened an already widespread sense that they were undervalued, and left some actively rethinking their careers, research from the universities of York and Cambridge shows.
	25th Arkansas poll finds economy to still be primary concern for voters The 25th annual Arkansas Poll, released today, found voters were most concerned about the economy, politics/politicians and education. While the number of respondents reporting concerns about the economy declined three points from the previous year, it was still more than all other concerns combined, except for the catch-all category "Other/don't know/refused to answer."
	What the anti-woke backlash against liberal feminism misses about causes like the gender pay gap This week, thousands of women across Iceland went on strike to demand greater gender equality. That's right, Iceland: the country that has ranked highest in the world for gender equality for the past 14 years in a row.
	Does Australia need dedicated sexual assault courts? Victim/survivors of sexual assault have always faced an uphill battle in their pursuit of justice.
	Is Australia in the grips of a youth crime crisis? This is what the data says In recent months, there has been increasing focus on crime committed by young people in Australia. Politicians are coming under more pressure to respond to these well-publicized criminal acts and the public perceptions that Australia is in the grips of a youth crime crisis.
	Roe v. Wade repeal impacts where young women choose to go to college, researcher finds The impacts of Roe v. Wade's reversal in 2022 are still being understood, but new research from Portland State's Rajiv Sharma provides another piece of the puzzle.

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