Science X Newsletter Fri, Oct 6

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 6, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Scientists develop a semi-device independent, randomness-free test for quantum correlation

Paleontologists find first molecular evidence of ginger pigment molecules in fossil frogs

Scientists discover arginine drives metabolic reprogramming to promote tumor growth in liver cancer

Our sense of smell alters the colors we see, show scientists

Study explores how endocannabinoids regulate brain's response to stress

Research finds that targeting certain molecular interactions could yield new strategies for treating prostate cancer

Rise in overdose deaths increasingly affects those with lower educational attainment, study finds

Study of mud cores from Lake Victoria suggests diversification of cichlid fish led to their success

Adding tirzepatide to basal insulin cuts HbA1c levels in people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

Research breakthrough sparks new hope for bowel cancer patients

Chiro-optical force observed at the nanoscale

Regenerative cell therapy for epilepsy

A 130g soft robot gripper that can lift 100kg

Using metal organic frameworks to provide a safer and cleaner way to handle fluorinated gases

Super-efficient laser light-induced detection of cancer cell-derived nanoparticles achieved

Nanotechnology news

Chiro-optical force observed at the nanoscale A research group at the Institute for Molecular Science has successfully observed the left and right handedness of material structures at the nanoscale, by illuminating chiral gold nanostructures with circularly polarized light and detecting the optical force acting on a probe near the nanostructures. This result demonstrated that it is possible to analyze the chiral structure of matter at the nanoscale using light.

Super-efficient laser light-induced detection of cancer cell-derived nanoparticles achieved Can particles as minuscule as viruses be detected accurately within a mere five minutes? Osaka Metropolitan University scientists say yes, with their innovative method for ultrafast and ultrasensitive quantitative measurement of biological nanoparticles, opening doors for early diagnosis of a broad range of diseases.

Physics news

	Scientists develop a semi-device independent, randomness-free test for quantum correlation In a new Physical Review Letters study, scientists have successfully presented a proof of concept to demonstrate a randomness-free test for quantum correlations and non-projective measurements, offering a groundbreaking alternative to traditional quantum tests that rely on random inputs.
	Chasing interactions between bacteria provide insights into collective behavior A new model demonstrates that chasing interactions can induce dynamical patterns in the organization of bacterial species. Structural patterns can be created due to the chasing interactions between two bacterial species.
	Researchers catch protons in the act of dissociation with ultrafast 'electron camera' Scientists have caught fast-moving hydrogen atoms—the keys to countless biological and chemical reactions—in action.
	Theoretical physicists present significantly improved calculation of the proton radius A group of theoretical physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) has once again succeeded in significantly improving their calculations of the electric charge radius of the proton published in 2021. For the first time they obtained a sufficiently precise result completely without the use of experimental data.

Earth news

	Deciphering the intensity of past ocean currents Ocean currents determine the structure of the deep-sea ocean floor and the transport of sediments, organic carbon, nutrients and pollutants. In flume-tank experiments, researchers from MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen have simulated how currents shape the seafloor and control sediment deposition. This will help in reconstructions of past marine conditions. They have now published their results in Communications Earth & Environment.
	Scientific evidence supports safe discharge of Fukushima wastewater into the Pacific Ocean Following the second release of treated radioactive wastewater from the Fukushima nuclear plant (5 October), a team of international researchers have addressed concerns and misinformation.
	Researchers explore future climate in Africa, using clues from the past In September 2023, extreme rains struck South Africa's Western Cape province, flooding villages and leaving a trail of destruction. The catastrophic devastation is just one recent example in a string of extreme weather events that are growing more common around the world.
	Drought caused 'historic' global hydropower drop in early 2023 Dry conditions, particularly in China, caused a "historic" global drop in hydropower generation in the first half of 2023, a new analysis shows, highlighting the effects of climate change.
	Eastern Canada breaks autumn heat records Eastern Canada shattered heat records this week with temperatures close to 30 degrees Celsius (86 Fahrenheit), worrying experts and everyday people struggling to cope with extreme weather made worse by climate change.
	Everyone needs access to urban green spaces, not just those in more affluent areas, say researchers Seeking the shade of a tree to relax or cool off is something many of us take for granted.
	How Arctic landscapes and Canadian cityscapes share a similar pattern The year 2023 has been one of extremes, from heat waves that baked millions across the globe and made the summer the world's hottest on record to the fires that forced tens of thousands to evacuate across Western Canada. From the feel of surprising warmth in the mid-winter sun to the crinkle and cracking of leaves dried by drought, you can witness climate change with all of your senses.
	Climate change is disrupting ocean currents. Researchers are using satellites and ships to understand how Earth's ocean is incredibly vast. Some parts of it are so remote that the nearest human habitation is the International Space Station.
	Is there really a 1 in 6 chance of human extinction this century? In 2020, Oxford-based philosopher Toby Ord published a book called The Precipice about the risk of human extinction. He put the chances of "existential catastrophe" for our species during the next century at 1 in 6.
	6 reasons why global temperatures are spiking right now The world is very warm right now. We're not only seeing record temperatures, but the records are being broken by record-wide margins.
	With seagrass discovery, we may be one good solution closer to solving climate change The wetsuit-clad team of University of Virginia explorers waded into the salty shallows of the largest restored seagrass meadow in the world, located off the Eastern Shore of Virginia, near Chesapeake Bay.
	Millions of children are displaced due to extreme weather events. Climate change will make it worse Storms, floods, fires and other extreme weather events led to more than 43 million displacements involving children between 2016 and 2021, according to a United Nations report.
	Glacial lake floods: A growing, unpredictable climate risk Indian rescuers are searching for over 100 people missing in a flash flood caused by a glacial lake bursting its banks, a risk scientists warn is increasing with climate change.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers discover first step toward planet formation Solving the mystery of how planets like Earth were formed is an important question for understanding the origin of life. Planets are thought to form when interstellar dust and gas collect in a protoplanetary disk surrounding a protostar, but it has been unclear where, when, or how planet formation begins.
	Researchers revolutionize understanding of supermassive black hole accretion radiation in quasars Through the study of the optical to extreme ultraviolet radiation generated by the accretion of supermassive black holes at the centers of quasars, Associate Professor Cai Zhenyi and Professor Wang Junxian from the Department of Astronomy at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have discovered that their spectral energy distribution is independent to the intrinsic brightness of quasars, overturning the traditional understanding in this field.
	Astrophysicists determine how to find a supernova The probability of detecting a supernova associated with a gamma-ray burst is currently 0.00346%. A network of several telescopes in different geographical coordinates, checking data in different photometric filters, analyzing images and taking into account the features of the host galaxy in which the burst occurred will help to discover more supernovae. The study was published in Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis.
	Pulsars may make dark matter glow The central question in the ongoing hunt for dark matter is: what is it made of? One possible answer is that dark matter consists of particles known as axions. A team of astrophysicists, led by researchers from the universities of Amsterdam and Princeton, has now shown that if dark matter consists of axions, it may reveal itself in the form of a subtle additional glow coming from pulsating stars. Their work is published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
	Researchers 3D print moon rover wheel prototype with NASA Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in collaboration with NASA, are taking additive manufacturing to the final frontier by 3D printing the same kind of wheel as the design used by NASA for its robotic lunar rover, demonstrating the technology for specialized parts needed for space exploration.
	Parker makes its closest and fastest solar flyby The Parker Solar Probe is the little engine that just keeps going and going by the sun. On September 27th, it made its 17th close approach and skimmed just 7.26 million kilometers (4.51 million miles) above the sun's "surface" layer (called the photosphere).
	Can JWST tell the difference between an exoEarth and an exoVenus? As of October 2023, astronomers have discovered 5,506 exoplanets orbiting other stars. That number is growing daily, and astronomers are hoping, among other things, to find Earth-like worlds. But will we know one when we see it? How might we be able to tell an Earth-like garden from a Venus-like pressure cooker from upwards of 40 light years away? Is JWST up to the challenge?
	Magnetic fusion plasma engines could carry us across the solar system and into interstellar space Missions to the moon, missions to Mars, robotic explorers to the outer solar system, a mission to the nearest star, and maybe even a spacecraft to catch up to interstellar objects passing through our system. If you think this sounds like a description of the coming age of space exploration, then you'd be correct.
	Will solar panels work at Proxima Centauri? Solar panel technology has advanced significantly in recent years, to the point where solar energy is the fastest-growing renewable power source. The solar panels we have today are a by-product of those used in space.
	Vega's PRETTY CubeSat: Unlocking satnav for Earth data Our planet is being continuously bathed in radio signals from satnav satellites—which are useful for much more than just navigation. Dedicated space missions acquire these signal reflections to amass valuable environmental information. The shoebox-sized PRETTY CubeSat, flying on Europe's next Vega launcher, will investigate a new frequency and novel observation angle to better measure the rate of climate change—at the same time as gathering radiation data on its surrounding space environment.
	Guide stars found as Euclid's navigation is fine tuned Euclid has found its "lost" guide stars as a software patch has solved its navigation woes and the next six years of observation schedules have been redesigned to avoid stray sunlight: it's the end of an interesting commissioning phase and Euclid will now undergo its final testing in full "science mode."
	Hypergravity odyssey of Earth's tiniest plant The smallest flowering plant on Earth might become a nutritious foodstuff for astronauts in the future, as well as a highly efficient source of oxygen. To help test their suitability for space, floating clumps of watermeal—individually the size of pinheads—were subjected to 20 times normal Earth gravity aboard ESA's Large Diameter Centrifuge by a team from Mahidol University in Thailand.
	Amazon's challenge to Musk's Starlink to have first launch Amazon is set to launch two satellites on Friday, in its first test mission as part of its plan to deliver the internet from space and compete with Elon Musk's Starlink service.

Technology news

	A 130g soft robot gripper that can lift 100kg Utilizing soft, flexible materials such as cloth, paper, and silicone, soft robotic grippers act like a robot's hand to perform functions such as safely grasping and releasing objects. Unlike conventional rigid material grippers, they are more flexible and safe, and are being researched for household robots that handle fragile objects such as eggs, or for logistics robots that need to carry various types of objects. However, its low load capacity makes it difficult to lift heavy objects, and its poor grasping stability makes it easy to lose the object even under mild external impact.
	Researchers create a neural network for genomics that explains how it achieves accurate predictions A team of New York University computer scientists has created a neural network that can explain how it reaches its predictions. The work reveals what accounts for the functionality of neural networks—the engines that drive artificial intelligence and machine learning—thereby illuminating a process that has largely been concealed from users.
	Dancing delicacies: Combining food and tech for interactive dining A new Monash University project programs food to "dance" across platters, providing playful and interactive culinary opportunities for diners and chefs.
	Researchers explore how cobalt and nickel in battery cathodes contribute to electrochemical properties As an integral part of its technological agenda, Russia is developing its own production of lithium-ion batteries. Despite the vast lithium reserves, battery production volumes fall short of the demand. Of special relevance is the development of high-energy-density batteries for electric cars. This challenge is addressed by both industry and science.
	US regulator is suing Amazon—here's what this could mean for your online shopping If you're one of the more than 200 million Prime members Amazon claims to have worldwide, you'll be well aware of the benefits. Among other things, it gives you access to a video and audio streaming service and free, fast delivery on all Amazon-dispatched items—for less than £100 per year.
	Two experiments make a case for using deepfakes in training videos Watching a training video featuring a deepfake version of yourself, as opposed to a clip featuring somebody else, makes learning faster, easier and more fun, according to new research led by the REVEAL research center at the University of Bath.
	Robotic cup helps wheelchair-bound users stay hydrated Mobility impairments such as those caused by cerebral palsy make it hard for people to perform even simple tasks like drinking a sip of water.
	Passengers in wheelchairs can't use most airplane washrooms. That could change With airplane bathrooms inaccessible to most people with disabilities, those who use wheelchairs have a necessary pre-flight routine: Dehydrate and hope for the best.
	Efficient perovskite cells with a structured anti-reflective layer Perovskite-based solar cells, widely considered as successors to the currently dominant silicon cells, due to their simple and cost-effective production process combined with their excellent performance, are now the subject of in-depth research.
	Disinfection robot boosts sanitation at veterinary medical teaching hospital Robots are increasingly becoming a part of everyday life. By some estimates, over 14 million Americans own a cleaning robot, robotic lawn mower, robotic suitcase, or other similar device.
	SEC sues Elon Musk over CEO's refusal to testify in Twitter investigation Elon Musk is being sued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in an attempt to compel the CEO to testify regarding his 2022 purchase of Twitter, the social media site now known as X.
	Eligible electric and plug-in vehicle buyers will get US tax credits immediately in 2024 Starting next year, people who want to buy a new or used electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle will be able to get U.S. government income tax credits at the time of purchase.
	UN, Red Cross want bans, curbs on killer robots The United Nations and the Red Cross this week issued a joint call for urgent new international rules to protect humanity from the potential "terrible consequences" of autonomous weapons.
	Understanding the cost of Australia's energy transition Electricity generation accounts for about a third of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions.

Chemistry news

Using metal organic frameworks to provide a safer and cleaner way to handle fluorinated gases A team of chemists from Cornell University, the Korea Institute of Science and Technology and Southern Methodist University, has found a way to use metal organic frameworks to provide a safer and cleaner way to handle fluorinated gases. Their study is reported in the journal Science.

Exciton-scissoring perfluoroarenes trigger photomultiplication in full color organic image sensors In a recent study, a joint research team from POSTECH, UNIST, and Hanyang University has discovered a new functionality of perfluoroarenes that enables exciton scissoring in photomultiplication-type organic photodiodes (PM-OPDs) without the use of conventional acceptor molecules. The research findings have been published in Advanced Materials.

Biology news

	Paleontologists find first molecular evidence of ginger pigment molecules in fossil frogs Paleontologists at University College Cork (UCC) have found the first molecular evidence of pheomelanin, the pigment that produces ginger coloration, in the fossil record.
	Study of mud cores from Lake Victoria suggests diversification of cichlid fish led to their success A team of biologists affiliated with multiple institutions in Switzerland and Tanzania has found that early cichlid diversification in Lake Victoria led to their success in deep parts of the lake. In their study, reported in the journal Nature, the group studied four sediment cores obtained from the lake. Martin Genner, with the University of Bristol, has published a News & Views piece in the same journal issue, outlining the work done by the team on this new effort.
	New research finds that reducing antibiotic usage in animal feed is not enough to combat antibiotic resistance A new study led by the University of Oxford has found that natural evolution of antibiotic resistance genes has maintained resistance in bacteria despite a reduction in the use of antibiotics. The findings demonstrate the importance of understanding the regulatory evolution of resistance genes to strategically combat AMR.
	How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome The research group of Dr. Claudia Keller Valsecchi (Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany) and their collaborators have discovered the master regulator responsible for balancing the expression of X chromosome genes between males and females in the malaria mosquito.
	Fossil snake traces: Another world-first find on South Africa's Cape south coast Snakes are familiar, distinctive—and often feared—reptiles. And they've been around for a long time: body fossils found in the UK, Portugal and the US stretch all the way back to the late Jurassic period, about 150 million years ago.
	Unearthing the leaf miners of ancient times: 312-million-year-old fossil sheds light on insect behavior and evolution Insects are fragile, soft-bodied animals whose remains are difficult to preserve. Wings are often fossilized, but insect bodies, if present, are usually bits and pieces of the original prehistoric animal, making it difficult for scientists to study them. One way paleontologists learn about prehistoric insects is by trace fossils, which are almost exclusively found as traces on fossil plants.
	In pesticide-heavy Brazil, could crop dusting be killed off? The use of crop dusting in Brazil—the world's biggest consumer of pesticides—has helped fuel the giant agricultural industry that props up Latin America's largest economy. But as public health concerns mount, the future of the practice is increasingly in doubt.
	How dormant plant traits could be reawakened to unlock fertilizer-free farming Plants are among the most intrepid explorers on Earth. Roughly 460 million years ago, the first plants started leaving lakes and rivers and appeared on land. At that time, the surface of Earth was mostly bare rock.
	It's not just Victoria's iconic Mountain Ash trees at risk—it's every species in their community When we think of extinction, we think of individual species. But nature doesn't operate like that. Entire communities and even whole ecosystems are now so compromised they could be lost entirely. Australia now has about 100 ecological communities at risk.
	Polar bears may struggle to produce milk for their cubs as climate change melts sea ice When sea ice melts, polar bears must move onto land for several months without access to food. This fasting period is challenging for all bears, but particularly for polar bear mothers who are nursing cubs.
	Examining the toxins in the common tomato Regardless of how one says "tomato," they all contain tomatine, a toxin in the plant's green fruit, leaves, and roots. Tomatoes produce the bitter-tasting compound—a major plant-specialized metabolite secreted from the roots—to defend against pathogens and foragers.
	US Customs officials seize giraffe feces from woman at Minnesota airport Federal customs agents pooh-poohed the plans of an Iowa woman who wanted to make jewelry from giraffe feces she picked up on a trip to Kenya and brought back to the U.S. in her luggage.

Medicine and Health news

	Scientists discover arginine drives metabolic reprogramming to promote tumor growth in liver cancer Cancer cells are chameleons. They completely change their metabolism to grow continuously. University of Basel scientists have discovered that high levels of the amino acid arginine drive metabolic reprogramming to promote tumor growth. This study suggests new avenues to improve liver cancer treatment.
	Our sense of smell alters the colors we see, show scientists Our five senses bombard us with environmental input 24/7. One way our brain makes sense of this abundance of information is by combining information from two or more senses, such as between smells and the smoothness of textures, pitch, color, and musical dimensions. This sensory integration also causes us to associate higher temperatures with warmer colors, lower sound pitches with less elevated positions, and colors with the flavor of particular foods—for example, the taste of oranges with the color of the same name.
	Study explores how endocannabinoids regulate brain's response to stress Investigators have identified new signaling mechanisms utilized by endocannabinoids to regulate a subset of neurons in response to stress, according to findings published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	Research finds that targeting certain molecular interactions could yield new strategies for treating prostate cancer Research led by Mays Cancer Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio) has discovered that altering certain molecular interactions could yield new strategies for treating prostate cancer and related diseases.
	Rise in overdose deaths increasingly affects those with lower educational attainment, study finds Drug overdose deaths increased sharply among Americans without a college education and nearly doubled over a three-year period among those who don't have a high school diploma, according to a new RAND Corporation study. The findings further highlight a potential association between the rise in drug overdose deaths and barriers to education access, a social determinant of health.
	Adding tirzepatide to basal insulin cuts HbA1c levels in people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes A team of medical researchers affiliated with multiple institutions in the U.S. working with a colleague from Spain has found via clinical trial that adding tirzepatide (brand name Mounjaro) to basal insulin therapies can reduce HbA1c levels in people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. In their paper published in the journal JAMA, the group describes the parameters of the clinical trial and what they learned from it.
	Research breakthrough sparks new hope for bowel cancer patients Every year, over 15,500 Australians are diagnosed with bowel cancer, and it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the country. Over 1,700 (one in 10) of those diagnosed are young Australians aged under 50, and this incidence is increasing.
	Regenerative cell therapy for epilepsy Together with colleagues, veterinarian and neuroscientist Sonja Bröer has researched how regenerative cell therapies can contribute to curing or alleviating epilepsy. The work was carried out at biotechnology start-up Neurona Therapeutics, Inc. in San Francisco, where Bröer led a team in preclinical research, before she moved to Freie Universität Berlin.
	Scientists find that external factors impact vaccine belief-behavior predictions Building on a new mathematical model that represents vaccine hesitancy as a belief that can influence whether parents vaccinate their children, Nicole Creanza, assistant professor of biological sciences, and postdoctoral scholar Kerri-Ann Anderson extended their work to include the effect of external factors that affect vaccine availability, such as vaccine mandates and vaccine inaccessibility.
	New genes implicated in an incurable spinal disease The discovery of eight new genes associated with a disease known as ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a key step toward the development of effective treatments for this currently incurable disease.
	Proof-of-principle study shows immunity from routine vaccines has potential to fight cancer A University of Massachusetts Amherst team has demonstrated "in theory" that a protein antigen from a childhood vaccine can be delivered into the cells of a malignant tumor to refocus the body's immune system against the cancer, effectively halting it and preventing its recurrence.
	How do our brains tell us when something goes wrong? Whether improperly closing a door or shanking a kick in soccer, our brains tell us when we've made a mistake because these sounds differ from what we expect to hear. While it's long been established that our neurons spot these errors, it has been unclear whether there are brain cells that have only one job—to signal when a sound is unexpected or "off."
	Integrated chronic care in Africa can improve outcomes and save money Across Africa about 2 million premature deaths each year are caused by the effects of diabetes and hypertension.
	Strep molecule illuminates cancer immune therapies Researchers at Harvard Medical School have discovered that a molecule made by Streptococcus pyogenes—the bacterium that causes strep throat and other infections—could help explain several long-standing medical mysteries, such as why strep sometimes leads to serious immune complications, including rheumatic fever; how the immune system's recognition of the molecule may contribute to diseases like lupus; why one of the first cancer immunotherapies showed promise more than 100 years ago; and how current immune therapies for cancer could be more effective.
	New research reveals how mutations in BRCA1 affect cancer susceptibility in women Three decades after discoveries linking mutations in the BRCA1 gene to breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility, research led by Mays Cancer Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio) has pinpointed the molecular mechanism by which a large portion of these mutations cause cancers in women.
	New Alzheimer's disease pathways identified Dementia, which includes Alzheimer's disease, currently affects around 1.8 million people in Germany. The exact cause has not yet been clarified, but genetic factors play a significant role in the development of the disease. Most previous analyses aimed at the identification of novel Alzheimer's genes used, a "case-control design."
	Benefits of psychedelics in obsessive-compulsive disorder: In search of evidence In recent years, interest in psychedelics and their possible benefit in treating psychiatric illnesses has been revived. Expectations are high, especially in obsessive-compulsive disorder, where patients' therapeutic options are still limited.
	3D genome architecture influences SCID-X1 gene therapy success Patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID-X1), sometimes called "bubble boy disease," are born with a defective gene that prevents them from producing immune cells. Gene therapy from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital restored the immune system in multiple infants with SCID-X1 in 2019 by supplying copies of the corrected gene.
	If a family member has celiac disease, you should get yourself tested An Australian-first study, published in the Medical Journal of Australia, has found significant prevalence of undiagnosed celiac disease among first degree relatives of people already diagnosed.
	Engineered platelets can induce anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive response, finds scientist New research led by a St. Michael's Hospital scientist reveals how platelets can inhibit inflammation and immune responses. The discovery, published in the journal Research, constitutes a fundamental re-understanding of platelets and could lead to potential therapies to treat autoimmune and alloimmune diseases, says Dr. Heyu Ni, a scientist at the Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences.
	Bracelet tracks bipolar mood swings: Changing electrical signals in skin linked to manic or depressed moods Researchers have announced preliminary results of using wearable technology to measure electrical impulses in the skin and other physiological biomarkers which might be associated with mood changes in bipolar disorder. The work is at an early stage, but they hope that they will be able to build on these patterns to detect mood swings in bipolar disorder sufferers, so helping in diagnosis and potentially offering more rapid and personalized treatments.
	Antidepressants versus running for depression: Is there a winner? The first study to compare effects of antidepressants with running exercises for anxiety, depression and overall health shows that they have about the same benefits for mental health—but a 16-week course of running over the same period scores higher in terms of physical health improvement, whereas antidepressants lead to a slightly worse physical condition, as has been suggested by previous studies. However, the drop-out rate was much higher in the group which initially chose exercise.
	Study shows psychotropic medication use has increased in children, teens with type 1 diabetes Dispensing of psychotropic medication increased among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 2006 to 2019, according to a study published online Oct. 3 in JAMA Network Open.
	New test for prostate cancer could help avoid unnecessary biopsies Alberta men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can now take a new blood test to determine their risk for clinically significant prostate cancer and potentially avoid an unnecessary biopsy.
	Thalamus found to regulate the adaptability of the adult brain It is generally believed that the adaptability of the adult brain mainly takes place in the cortex. However, a new study from the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience shows that the thalamus, a relay station for incoming motor and sensory information, plays an unexpectedly important role in this process. "This could be an interesting starting point for various therapies," says Christiaan Levelt.
	Drinking coffee or tea may be beneficial for physical function in aging Drinking coffee and tea at midlife may be associated with a reduced likelihood of physical frailty in late life. A Singapore study has shown that adults, who consumed higher intake of caffeine via the drinking of coffee or tea, had significantly better physical function at late life.
	Fathers' parental leave might protect men against alcohol-related morbidity Men who have been on parental leave have a significantly reduced risk of being hospitalized due to alcohol consumption. This is shown by a study published in Addiction from researchers at the Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University.
	Mothers play powerful role in shaping daughters' body image, say psychologists Experts have warned that "fat talk" by mothers can unwittingly create problems for their daughter's body satisfaction and even cause future disordered eating.
	Physician associates: A solution for health care staff shortages or a colonial throwback? Before the COVID pandemic, the global health workforce needed as many as 6.4 million more medical doctors, and the gap between demand for health workers and supply is growing. As you might expect, the shortage is most acutely felt in low- and middle-income countries.
	A call for ethical guidelines for social media data use in public health research Three studies by CUNY SPH investigators highlight the need for stronger guidance on research ethics for using data from social media platforms in public health research, especially the use of personal identifiers.
	Q&A: Can a simple fentanyl test curb San Francisco's overdose crisis? The powerful opioid fentanyl has been found in everything from methamphetamine and cocaine to marijuana and fake Adderall pills. Nearly 6,000 Californians died from fentanyl overdoses in 2021 alone. Cruelly, about 1 in every 25 of those deaths was a child 19 or younger, according to the latest data from the California Overdose Surveillance Dashboard.
	Studying mismatches between donor and recipient in kidney transplantation A recent study found new ways to identify mismatches between donors and recipients in kidney transplantation.
	Multicomponent exercise improves physical functioning in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: Study A new study carried out at the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, found that an individually tailored exercise program improves motor function, muscle strength and joint mobility in children and young adults with cerebral palsy. Positive changes in physical functioning can improve mobility and functioning in everyday life.
	Clinical trials: Two arms are better than one The German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) has responded critically to a reflection paper by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on the approval of new drugs based on single-arm studies.
	Printing pills with a 3D printer Almost a third of the population in Germany needs to take medication on a daily basis. One in four of these people regularly takes three or more different types of medication at the same time. Various pills pile up in these patients' pill dispensers for various days of the week.
	Efgartigimod efficacious, safe for primary immune thrombocytopenia The first-in-class novel human immunoglobulin G1 Fc fragment, efgartigimod, is efficacious and safe for patients with chronic or persistent primary immune thrombocytopenia, according to a study published online Sept. 28 in The Lancet.
	Kidney disease gene found to also have a protective mutation African Americans have long been known to be at increased risk of kidney disease due to a dangerous genetic mutation that creates a hole in the kidney cells, but Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) researchers have now discovered a protective genetic mutation that covers the hole to eliminate the risk.
	Editorial: Lurbinectedin for neuroendocrine tumors A new editorial paper was published in Oncoscience, titled "Lurbinectedin, a DNA minor groove inhibitor for neuroendocrine neoplasms beyond small cell lung cancer."
	Clinical trial reveals benefits of inhaled nitric oxide for patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia Inhaled nitric oxide gas widens blood vessels in the lungs and is used to treat severe cardio-pulmonary conditions in newborns and adults.
	Offspring of teen, young adult women with cancer history more likely to have birth defects The offspring of adolescent and young adult women with a history of cancer face a higher risk of birth defects, according to new research from UTHealth Houston.
	Study discovers possible tool to diagnose common contributor to vascular dementia A research team led by the Keck School of Medicine of USC has discovered that a non-invasive eye exam may be a possible tool for screening Black Americans and other people from underdiagnosed and high-risk populations for cerebral small vessel disease, a major contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia. After Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, associated with impaired blood flow to the brain, is the second most common dementia diagnosis.
	In US, lack of affordable child care hinders work force Parents of young children in the United States are finding that with day care centers in short supply, or too expensive, more and more of them—mostly mothers—are having to stay at home to look after their kids.
	Zimbabwe imposes measures to fight resurging cholera cases Zimbabwean authorities have imposed restrictions in several parts of the country, including the capital, to fight a resurgence of cholera-related deaths.
	Strategies to stay healthy during respiratory virus season Fall and winter are a time when highly contagious viruses that cause respiratory illness usually circulate heavily in communities. Because many of these viruses can lead to serious infection, hospitalization and even death, it's crucial to arm yourself with strategies that can help prevent illness and keep you and your loved ones safe.
	A step closer to streamlining the custom fit of bionic limbs for amputees Griffith researchers have developed a diagnostic tool to streamline the custom fitting of bionic prosthetic limbs which usually involve an arduous process of trial and error.

Other Sciences news

	Lack of sexually related injuries does not mean rape victim was 'making it up,' says study The absence of sexually related injuries cannot be used in court to infer that rape victims are "making it up," a new study reveals.
	Summer camp conversations lead boys to have more positive views of girls' STEM ability Negative stereotypes of girls and women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) persist, but York University researchers have designed a brief intervention that makes a big difference toward improving boys' gendered beliefs.
	New UN report reveals the extent of systemic racism faced by people of African descent in Australia A special UN working group this week tabled its first-ever report on the experiences of people of African descent in Australia to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva.
	For people with communication disability, complaining about their treatment isn't so simple With the release of the disability royal commission's final report, the harrowing treatment of people with disabilities in Australia has been starkly displayed.
	States vary in firearm ownership—as well as the storage and carrying habits of owners A new study by the New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center at Rutgers assesses the degree to which firearm owners in each state differ from one another with respect to firearm ownership, exposure and use.

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