Science X Newsletter Mon, Oct 16

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 16, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A strategy to enhance the light-driven superconductivity of K₃C₆₀

A quantum algorithm for the segmentation of a moving target in grayscale videos

Two new pulsars detected in globular cluster NGC 6522

Scientists and philosophers identify nature's missing evolutionary law

Despite good oral hygiene, localized oral inflammation can also affect distant healthy areas in mouth

EarSkin and EarCartilage—combining bioengineered human skin with bioprinted cartilage for ear reconstruction

Webb detects quartz crystals in clouds of hot gas giant

Antacid use correlated to dementia, though causality remains elusive

Signatures of the Space Age: Spacecraft metals left in the wake of humanity's path to the stars

Research team counters solar energy misinformation

Scientists count huge melts in many protective Antarctic ice shelves. Trillions of tons of ice lost.

Saturday Citations: Gravitational waves, time travel and the simulated universe hypothesis

Researchers pinpoint nongenetic mechanisms in lung cancer resistance to one commonly used therapy

US astronaut gets used to Earth after record-setting 371 days in space

'Ring of fire' eclipse brings cheers and shouts of joy as it moves across the Americas

Nanotechnology news

	Research team demonstrates coherent ultrafast photoemission from carbon nanotube emitter A joint research team led by Prof. Dai Qing and Prof. Li Chi from the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has demonstrated the coherent ultrafast photoemission from a single quantized energy level of a carbon nanotube. The study was published in Science Advances on Oct. 12.
	Move over carbon, the nanotube family just got bigger Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have engineered a range of new single-walled transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanotubes with different compositions, chirality, and diameters by templating off boron-nitride nanotubes. They also realized ultra-thin nanotubes grown inside the template, and successfully tailored compositions to create a family of new nanotubes. The ability to synthesize a diverse range of structures offers unique insights into their growth mechanism and novel optical properties.
	Novel approach to advanced electronics, data storage with ferroelectricity New research from Flinders University and UNSW Sydney, published in the ACS Nano journal, explores switchable polarization in a new class of silicon compatible metal oxides and paves the way for the development of advanced devices including high-density data storage, ultra low energy electronics, flexible energy harvesting and wearable devices.
	Drug-delivery technique with vessel-targeted gold nanoparticles shows growing promise for brain cancer treatment A technique developed by University of Texas at Dallas and UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers to deliver medication through the blood-brain barrier has shown promise in a preclinical study for treating glioblastoma, the most common human brain cancer.
	Researchers develop organic nanozymes suitable for agricultural use Nanozymes are synthetic materials that mimic the properties of natural enzymes for applications in biomedicine and chemical engineering. Historically, they are generally considered too toxic and expensive for use in agriculture and food science. Now, researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have developed a nanozyme that is organic, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and cost effective.
	Rational design of mRNA nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are revolutionizing the therapy of cancer. They can be flexibly developed in a short period of time, allowing transient expression of multiple antigens for safe and efficient immunization. A diversity of mRNA vaccines is being explored in clinic to benefit patients with cancer.

Physics news

	A strategy to enhance the light-driven superconductivity of K₃C₆₀ Superconductivity is the ability of some materials to conduct a direct electrical current (DC) with almost no resistance. This property is highly sought after and favorable for various technological applications, as it could boost the performance of different electronic and energy devices.
	Why a spinning magnet can cause a second magnet to levitate A team of physicists at the Technical University of Denmark has found the reason a spinning magnet can cause a secondary magnet to levitate without the need for stabilization. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Applied, the group describes experiments they conducted to learn more about the phenomenon and what they learned from them.
	Solving quantum mysteries: New insights into 2D semiconductor physics Researchers from Monash University have unlocked fresh insights into the behavior of quantum impurities within materials.
	Photonic crystals bend light as though it were under the influence of gravity A collaborative group of researchers has manipulated the behavior of light as if it were under the influence of gravity. The findings, which were published in the journal Physical Review A on September 28, 2023, have far-reaching implications for the world of optics and materials science, and bear significance for the development of 6G communications.

Earth news

	Scientists count huge melts in many protective Antarctic ice shelves. Trillions of tons of ice lost. Four dozen Antarctic ice shelves have shrunk by at least 30% since 1997 and 28 of those have lost more than half of their ice in that time, reports a new study that surveyed these crucial "gatekeepers'' between the frozen continent's massive glaciers and open ocean.
	Wildfires threaten environmental gains in climate-crucial Amazon Despite steps toward decreasing deforestation, uncontrolled wildfires are threatening environmental gains in Brazilian Amazonia, one of the world's most critical carbon sinks and a region of high biological and cultural diversity.
	Rising seas will tighten vise on Miami, even for people who are not flooded, says study A new study that examines both the physical and socioeconomic effects of sea-level rise on Florida's Miami-Dade County area finds that in coming decades, four out of five residents may face disruption or displacement, whether they live in flood zones or not.
	Ice sheet surface melt is accelerating in Greenland and slowing in Antarctica, finds study Surface ice in Greenland has been melting at an increasing rate in recent decades, while the trend in Antarctica has moved in the opposite direction, according to researchers at the University of California, Irvine and Utrecht University in the Netherlands.
	How wildfires and weather affect Portugal's public health The past few decades have passed in a smoke-filled haze as severe wildfires have blazed across forests and tundras on multiple continents, frequently turning skies orange and triggering air quality alerts. These fires often occur in tandem with events such as heat waves, which have become more commonplace, and the resulting pollution can be carried with weather systems far from fire sites.
	The conservation multiplier: How to convince a country not to chop down its rainforest Bård Harstad tells his students that every environmental problem is, at its core, an inefficiency problem. "This inefficiency means that, overall, you're losing something," he explains. "It means that there is another way to make decisions so that we could potentially all be better off."
	Assessing greenhouse gas emissions in fertile drained peatland forests in Finland The studies of the SOMPA project coordinated by the The Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) assessed the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in fertile drained peatland forests according to different silvicultural practices. Continuous cover forestry on fertile drained peatland produced significant climate benefits, because their selection harvesting results in much fewer emissions in comparison to even-aged forestry and clear-cutting. However, selection harvesting does not significantly reduce the amount of soil emissions in comparison to uncut forests, especially if the soil water level is not greatly raised.
	California's epic rain year boosted groundwater levels, but not enough to recoup losses California's extraordinarily wet year brought the state vast quantities of water that have soaked into the ground and given a substantial boost to the state's groundwater supplies, but not nearly enough to reverse long-term losses from over-pumping in many areas, according to a new state report.
	Unlocking the climate benefits of dietary substitutions: The impact of land use policy Substituting a 100g portion of beef meatballs with pea protein "meatballs" delivers the same climate benefit as avoiding a 16 km (10 mile) drive. Conversely substituting one liter of cows' milk with soy milk will not necessarily benefit the climate directly. Nonetheless, effective land use policy could turbocharge climate benefits of simple diet substitutions, increasing climate benefits to 48 km (29 mile) and 6 km (4 mile) driving-equivalents for meatball and cow milk substitution, respectively.
	Measuring the changing soundscape in Glacier National Park From the eerie echo of a bugling elk to the gentle swoosh of water lapping against a stony shore, a unique combination of sounds helps distinguish each national park. This acoustic environment, as perceived by humans, is known as a soundscape, and it is a vital attribute—albeit one that is increasingly under threat from anthropogenic noise.
	Smoke from Brazil Amazon rainforest fires suffocates Manaus Manaus, the largest city in Brazil's Amazonas state, has for days been engulfed by a toxic cloud of smoke from forest fires lit by what the government labeled "criminals".
	The toll of heat deaths in the Phoenix area soars after the hottest summer on record The toll of heat-associated deaths in Arizona's most populous county—still being tallied after the area's hottest summer ever recorded—has soared over 360, alarming public health officials who say the final count will surely set a new record.
	How Belize became a poster child for 'debt-for-nature' swaps When COVID hit Belize, its economy nosedived: closed borders meant fisheries and farmers had no export markets, and tourism centered on the tiny Central American nation's warm waters and wonders of biodiversity came to a halt.
	Constructing a global variable-resolution atmospheric physico-chemical coupling simulation framework A research team led by Prof. Zhao Chun from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has developed a global variable-resolution modeling framework and conducted research using atmospheric sand and dust as a case study. The results were published in Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems.

Astronomy and Space news

	Two new pulsars detected in globular cluster NGC 6522 Using the MeerKAT radio telescope, an international team of astronomers has observed a Galactic globular cluster known as NGC 6522. As a result, they have discovered two new isolated pulsars in this cluster. The finding is reported in a paper published October 5 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Webb detects quartz crystals in clouds of hot gas giant Researchers using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope have detected evidence for quartz nanocrystals in the high-altitude clouds of WASP-17 b, a hot Jupiter exoplanet 1,300 light-years from Earth.
	Signatures of the Space Age: Spacecraft metals left in the wake of humanity's path to the stars The Space Age is leaving fingerprints on one of the most remote parts of the planet—the stratosphere—which has potential implications for climate, the ozone layer and the continued habitability of Earth.
	US astronaut gets used to Earth after record-setting 371 days in space After spending more than a year in space, Frank Rubio now has to get used to that pesky thing Earthlings call gravity.
	'Ring of fire' eclipse brings cheers and shouts of joy as it moves across the Americas First came the darkening skies, then the crescent-shaped shadows on the ground, and finally an eruption of cheers by crowds that gathered Saturday along the narrow path of a rare "ring of fire" eclipse of the sun.
	China chooses the site for TRIDENT neutrino detector China is building a new neutrino detector named TRIDENT, the Tropical Deep-sea Neutrino Telescope. They're building it in the South China Sea, near the equator. This next-generation neutrino telescope will feature improved sensitivity and should help clear up the mystery around cosmic rays and their origins.
	Study reveals violent material ejection process of a dying massive star A research team led by Dr. Zhang Jujia from Yunnan Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. Wang Xiaofeng from Tsinghua University has revealed the stellar mass violently ejected from a progenitor at the end of its life by observing the once-in-a-decade supernova SN 2023ixf. Such mass loss processes can provide essential information for understanding the final evolution of a massive star.
	Hypervelocity impact experiments probe the origin of organics on the dwarf planet Ceres One of the most exciting findings from NASA's Dawn mission is that Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt that lies between Mars and Jupiter, hosts complex organics. The discovery of aliphatic molecules, which consist of carbon and hydrogen chains, in conjunction with evidence that Ceres has abundant water ice and may have been an ocean world, means this dwarf planet might have once harbored the main ingredients associated with life as we know it.
	Osiris-Rex: NASA reveals evidence of water and carbon in sample delivered to Earth from an asteroid On September 24 this year, a NASA capsule parachuted down to Earth carrying a precious cache of material grabbed from an asteroid. The space agency has now revealed images and a preliminary analysis of the space rocks it found after lifting the lid off that capsule.
	'Ring of fire' solar eclipse will cut across the Americas, stretching from Oregon to Brazil A rare "ring of fire" eclipse of the sun cuts across the Americas on Saturday, stretching from Oregon to Brazil, and huge crowds were on the move before dawn in cities, rural areas and national parks to try to catch a glimpse of it.
	NASA journeys to the metal-rich asteroid Psyche It's a world like no other: a metal-rich asteroid that could be the remnants of a small planet, or perhaps an entirely new type of celestial body unknown to science.
	The Milky Way's stolen globular clusters Modern astronomy holds that all major galaxies (with the Milky Way as no exception) are the accumulation of numerous small mergers. Thus, it should be expected that some of the globular clusters that are now part of our galaxy are likely inherited from other galaxies which have been cannibalized by the Milky Way, or even stolen from intact companion galaxies such as the Magellanic Clouds.
	Nuclear astrophysical team confirms reaction path of rapid proton capture process Type I X-ray bursts are the most frequent types of thermonuclear stellar explosions in the galaxy. As the key nucleosynthesis process in X-ray bursts, the rapid proton capture process (rp-process) is an important scientific frontier in nuclear astrophysics. Titanium-42 is a typical branching nucleus in the rp-process, so the accuracy of 42Ti(p, γ)43V reaction rate is crucial for comprehensively understanding the reaction path of rp-process in X-ray bursts.
	Are pulsars the key to finding dark matter? Ah, dark matter particles, what could you be? The answer still eludes us, and astronomers keep trying new ideas to find them. A new paper in Physical Review Letters suggests that if dark matter is made of axions, we might see their remnant glow near pulsars.
	JWST observes the Kuiper Belt: Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar The Kuiper Belt, the vast region at the edge of our solar system populated by countless icy objects, is a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. The detection and characterization of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs), sometimes referred to as Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), has led to a new understanding of the history of the solar system.

Technology news

	A quantum algorithm for the segmentation of a moving target in grayscale videos Computer vision algorithms have become increasingly advanced over the past decades, enabling the development of sophisticated technologies to monitor specific environments, detect objects of interest in video footage and uncover suspicious activities in CCTV recordings. Some of these algorithms are specifically designed to detect and isolate moving objects or people of interest in a video, a task known as moving target segmentation.
	Research team counters solar energy misinformation Resistance to adoption of solar panels as an economical and efficient replacement for fossil fuels is based on inaccurate information being spread by foes of renewable energy.
	New system to harness 40% of the sun's heat to produce clean hydrogen fuel MIT engineers aim to produce totally green, carbon-free hydrogen fuel with a new, train-like system of reactors that is driven solely by the sun.
	Tiny memory cell withstands extreme temperatures, enables smaller and better semiconductors for microelectronics Materials scientists at Kiel University and the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology in Itzehoe (ISIT) have cleared another hurdle in the development and structuring of new materials for next-generation semiconductor devices, such as novel memory cells.
	Scientists advance voice pathology detection via adversarial continual learning Voice pathology refers to a problem arising from abnormal conditions, such as dysphonia, paralysis, cysts, and even cancer, that cause abnormal vibrations in the vocal cords (or vocal folds). In this context, voice pathology detection (VPD) has received much attention as a non-invasive way to automatically detect voice problems. It consists of two processing modules: a feature extraction module to characterize normal voices and a voice detection module to detect abnormal ones.
	Study: Deep neural networks don't see the world the way we do Human sensory systems are very good at recognizing objects that we see or words that we hear, even if the object is upside down or the word is spoken by a voice we've never heard.
	Using a large-scale dataset holding a million real-world conversations to study how people interact with LLMs A team of computer scientists at the University of California Berkeley, working with one colleague from the University of California San Diego and another from Carnegie Mellon University, has created a large-scale dataset of 1 million real-world conversations to study how people interact with large language models (LLMs). They have published a paper describing their work and findings on the arXiv preprint server.
	Neutrons see stress in 3D-printed parts, advancing additive manufacturing Using neutrons to see the additive manufacturing process at the atomic level, scientists have shown that they can measure strain in a material as it evolves and track how atoms move in response to stress.
	Human body movements may enable automated emotion recognition, researchers say An individual may bring their hands to their face when feeling sad or jump into the air when feeling happy. Human body movements convey emotions, which plays a crucial role in everyday communication, according to a team led by Penn State researchers. Combining computing, psychology and performing arts, the researchers developed an annotated human movement dataset that may improve the ability of artificial intelligence to recognize the emotions expressed through body language.
	A method to interpret AI might not be so interpretable after all As autonomous systems and artificial intelligence become increasingly common in daily life, new methods are emerging to help humans check that these systems are behaving as expected. One method, called formal specifications, uses mathematical formulas that can be translated into natural-language expressions. Some researchers claim that this method can be used to spell out decisions an AI will make in a way that is interpretable to humans.
	Cars are a 'privacy nightmare on wheels'. Here's how they get away with collecting and sharing your data Cars with internet-connected features are fast becoming all-seeing data-harvesting machines—a so-called "privacy nightmare on wheels," according to US-based research conducted by the Mozilla Foundation.
	If the first solar entrepreneur hadn't been kidnapped, would fossil fuels have dominated the 20th century? One argument put forward in defense of fossil fuels is that they were a historical necessity, because there was no other viable substitute for much of the 20th century. We owe fossil fuels a debt of gratitude, the argument goes, because they supercharged our development. But what if I told you there was a viable alternative, and that it may have been sabotaged by fossil fuel interests from its very inception?
	Microsoft spent two years trying to buy Activision Blizzard. For Xbox CEO, that was the easy part After two years co-piloting the biggest acquisition in video game history past an onslaught of challenges, Xbox CEO Phil Spencer now moves on to his next quest: making Microsoft's takeover of Activision Blizzard worth the hassle.
	Biden unveils 'hydrogen hubs' in push for 2024 President Joe Biden announced new "hydrogen hubs" across the United States on Friday as part of efforts to boost the economy with green energy ahead of the 2024 election.
	IOC to explore Olympic eSports Games The International Olympic Committee is looking at creating an Olympic eSports Games, IOC president Thomas Bach announced on Saturday.
	Australian safety watchdog fines social platform X $385,000 for not tackling child abuse content Australia's online safety watchdog said on Monday it had fined X—the social media platform formerly known as Twitter—610,500 Australian dollars ($385,000) for failing to fully explain how it tackled child sexual exploitation content.
	Research team proposes innovative wearable e-textiles for a sustainable circular economy If electronic textiles (e-textiles) are to have a sustainable future and at scale, then a transition is needed to unlock innovative wearable e-textiles that fit a sustainable circular economy—adopting what has been termed as the 4R design concept: repair; recycle; replace; reduce.
	Zinc-air batteries show commercial promise Our electronic world is full of batteries, and WA's renewable future may rely on them too.
	LinkedIn cuts more than 600 workers, about 3% of workforce LinkedIn said Monday it is laying off hundreds of employees amounting to about 3% of the social media company's workforce.
	Sacked Kenya moderators say mediation with Meta collapses Facebook content moderators in Kenya said settlement talks to resolve a lawsuit against the social media giant's parent Meta collapsed on Monday, setting the stage for a renewed court battle.
	How safe is women's motorcycle gear? Textile experts put it to the test In 2021–22, 24% of people seriously injured on Australian roads and requiring hospitalization were motorcyclists.
	Clearing forests to erect solar panels may not be clean-energy solution Evidence of the clean-energy transition abounds, with solar panels dotting rooftops, parking lots, and open spaces. In Massachusetts, future proliferation of these sunlight-soaking cells will be a high priority: About five times more solar energy will be needed to reach the state's goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
	Researchers: Criminal activities caused losses of $30 billion in the crypto sector from 2017 to 2022 Digital financial products are increasingly coming under the crosshairs of cyberattacks. However, evidence-based results are not yet available regarding the actual magnitude of this threat. Researchers from the Complexity Science Hub and the University of Montreal have now, for the first time, shown that the global damage amounts to at least $30 billion and is on the rise. A preprint of the study was recently published on arXiv.
	A robust solution to fake news: Researchers are developing new technologies to combat disinformation Cutting-edge technologies gave the world fake news, but researchers from the University of Waterloo's Faculty of Engineering are developing even newer technology to stop it. Their innovative system—the first of its kind—relies on something already famous for underpinning Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies—blockchain. But in addition to sophisticated machines, these researchers are enlisting humans to establish the truth. Their goal is a world where people have greater trust in the news they see and hear.
	Smartphone sales sag globally: market tracker Sales of smartphones continued to shrink globally in the recently-ended quarter as consumers watched spending, market tracker Counterpoint reported on Monday.
	New algorithm to help control quality of electricity in local generation systems With the new stage of energy transition in progress, the key tendency of power market development today is distributed power generation, which is characterized by decentralization, smart energy systems, involvement of consumers, and a higher share of renewable energy sources. In distributed generation systems, electricity comes from a number of local power objects, instead of one large station. For example, home owners who use solar panels can sell excess electricity back into the grid.
	Ford Executive Chair Bill Ford calls on autoworkers to end strike, says company's future is at stake Ford Motor Co. Executive Chairman Bill Ford called on autoworkers to come together to end a monthlong strike that he says could cost the company the ability to invest in the future.
	Using blockchain technology to assist with the green transition Greenwashing scams, murky networks and poor oversight cloud the experiences of climate-conscious consumers and investors. Research from the University of Copenhagen demonstrates that we can create transparency in supply chains, genuinely green products and green financial markets by using distributed ledger technology (DLT).
	Advancements in railway system management: A multifaceted approach As of the end of 2022, the Chinese high-speed railway network had surpassed 40,000 kilometers. However, the rapid expansion of this railway system has presented significant challenges to its operational department. Unforeseen external and internal factors can lead to deviations from the scheduled arrival and departure times of trains.

Chemistry news

	Cell-friendly bioprinting at high fidelity enhances its medical applicability What if organ damage could be repaired by simply growing a new organ in the lab? Improving researchers' ability to print live cells on demand into geometrically well-defined, soft complex 3D architectures is essential to such work, as well as for animal-free toxicological testing.
	Transforming wastewater into valuable chemicals with sunlight Researchers led by Prof. Gao Xiang from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. Lu Lu from the Harbin Institute of Technology have proposed a novel method to transform wastewater contaminants into valuable chemicals using sunlight, thus paving the way for sustainable and eco-friendly chemical manufacturing.
	New polymer membranes, AI predictions could dramatically reduce energy, water use in oil refining A new kind of polymer membrane created by researchers at Georgia Tech could reshape how refineries process crude oil, dramatically reducing the energy and water required while extracting even more useful materials.
	Mimicking a bird's sticky spit to create cellulose gels Using a small bird's nest-making process as a model, researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a nontoxic process for making cellulose gels. The freeze-thaw process is simple, cost-effective, and can create cellulose gels that are useful in a number of applications, including tunable gels for timed drug delivery. The process also works with bamboo and potentially other lignin-containing plant fibers.
	Paving a way to green hydrogen production A sustainable route to green hydrogen production is becoming possible through the use of efficient electrocatalysts in research by Texas A&M University chemical engineering professor Dr. Abdoulaye Djire.
	New strategy boosts selective carbon monoxide electrolysis to acetate Alkaline CO2 electrolysis can produce multicarbon (C2+) products such as ethylene and acetate, yet suffers from low CO2 utilization efficiency.
	GPT-4 artificial intelligence shows some competence in chemistry GPT-4, the latest version of the artificial intelligence system from OpenAI, the developers of Chat-GPT, demonstrates considerable usefulness in tackling chemistry challenges, but still has significant weaknesses. "It has a notable understanding of chemistry, suggesting it can predict and propose experimental results in ways akin to human thought processes," says chemist Kan Hatakeyama-Sato, at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
	Study shows forensic evidence can survive underwater for weeks Forensic fibers can survive underwater for much longer than previously thought—which could help criminal investigators uncover vital evidence.
	Water films: The silent architects of chemical transformations Air moisture landing on surfaces of materials forms thin, invisible, water films. These films play crucial roles in Earth's soils and atmosphere as well as in new technologies. A thesis at Umeå University sheds new light on how this silent architect mediates chemical reactions.
	Efficient bi-functional catalyst for methanol-assisted water splitting of hydrogen generation Hydrogen energy, as a green and environmentally friendly energy carrier, is a critical switch in energy conversion to the green economy, and the green hydrogen generation via water splitting technique from renewable energy sources is regarded as the best choice. While, the high energy input for water splitting is thermodynamically required (1.23 V), and the cell voltage can go beyond 1.8 V for the practical water electrolysis resulting from the retard kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

Biology news

	Scientists and philosophers identify nature's missing evolutionary law A paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences describes "a missing law of nature," recognizing for the first time an important norm within the natural world's workings.
	Climate change coping mechanism discovered in algae One of the building blocks of ocean life can adapt to cope with the effects of climate change, according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA).
	Scientists reconstruct extinct ape's damaged skull to better understand evolution of great ape face A new study led by scientists at the American Museum of Natural History, Brooklyn College, and the Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont has reconstructed the well-preserved but damaged skull of a great ape species that lived about 12 million years ago. The species, Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, may be crucial to understanding great ape and human evolution. The researchers describe their findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	Peering inside cells to see how they respond to stress Imagine the life of a yeast cell, floating around the kitchen in a spore that eventually lands on a bowl of grapes. Life is good: food for days, at least until someone notices the rotting fruit and throws them out. But then the sun shines through a window, the section of the counter where the bowl is sitting heats up, and suddenly life gets uncomfortable for the humble yeast. When temperatures get too high, the cells shut down their normal processes to ride out the stressful conditions and live to feast on grapes on another, cooler day.
	Plastic-eating enzymes could help solve pollution problem Two new enzymes can break down one of the most common single-use plastics, according to the study "Modulating biofilm can potentiate activity of novel plastic-degrading enzymes" by Brunel University London published in the journal npj Biofilms and Microbiomes.
	Inequality not inevitable among mammals, study shows Because literature and film so often depict nature as inherently unfair, people assume that animals live in a "dog-eat-dog world." Inequality might seem like an inevitable fact of life, but a new analysis of data for 66 species of mammals reveals enormous flexibility of their social systems and many routes toward inequality.
	Advanced imaging gives researchers front row view of cellular junctions Penn State College of Medicine researchers are using advanced imaging techniques to study how life functions at the atomic, cellular, tissue and organism levels. These research projects are driven by diseases observed in clinic, and the discoveries scientists are making in the lab could someday lead to new treatments for patients with skin diseases, cancers, neurological conditions and other disorders.
	Study shows Neanderthals inherited at least 6% of their genome from a now-extinct lineage of early modern humans Modern humans migrated to Eurasia 75,000 years ago, where they encountered and interbred with Neanderthals. A new study published in the journal Current Biology shows that at this time Neanderthals were already carrying human DNA from a much older encounter with modern humans.
	More sustainable agriculture by global redistribution of nitrogen fertilizer The growing global population needs sufficient food. Its production causes overfertilization and increased nitrogen concentration in agriculture, which negatively affects the population, climate, and ecosystems.
	A new method for assessing the microbiome of the human gut The gut microbiome—the population and variety of bacteria within the intestine—is thought to influence a number of behavioral and disease traits in humans. Most obviously, it affects intestinal health. Cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and celiac disease, for example, are all affected by the gut microbiome.
	Rare Jurassic fossils discovered near Lake Powell While documenting fossil tracksites along a stretch of Lake Powell, a Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (Glen Canyon NRA) field crew discovered the first tritylodontid bonebed found in the Navajo Sandstone in Utah. These extremely rare fossils are one of the more important fossil vertebrate discoveries in the United States this year.
	Novel enzyme family could provide insights into bacterial pathogenicity Gram-negative bacteria cause a variety of infectious diseases in plants and animals alike. Outbreaks of Salmonella and E. coli infections often make headlines due to their severity, and people have to resort to allopathic as well as natural remedies, increasing the burden on the health care system.
	Flesh-eating and illness-causing bacteria found in Florida's coastal waters following Hurricane Ian When Hurricane Ian struck southwest Florida in September 2022, it unleashed a variety of Vibrio bacteria that can cause illness and death in humans, according to a new study published in the journal mBio.
	Researchers unlock the potential of genetic glycoengineering to advance vaccines and therapeutics technology A novel glycoengineering platform, created by the laboratory of Assistant Professor Chris Lok-To Sham from the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS Medicine), is poised to revolutionize future production of vaccines and therapeutics to fight infectious diseases. Glycoengineering aims to manipulate sugars to produce useful carbohydrates. This innovative platform simplifies the customizing and production of sugar carbohydrates known as glycans that plays a crucial role in various therapeutic applications.
	Study reveals areas of Brazilian Amazon where no ecological research has been done Many parts of the Brazilian Amazon are neglected in ecological research, for several reasons, according to an article published in the journal Current Biology.
	Lack of food is the new threat to Antarctic fur seals, research suggests Antarctic fur seals that were hunted to near extinction have recovered but now face dangerous decline because of a lack of food, new research suggests.
	How ancient microbes extract important metals from their environment A new publication from a Montana State University scientist deepens existing knowledge of an ancient life-form and how it continues unique ecological processes today. The paper, titled "Methanogens acquire and bioaccumulate nickel during reductive dissolution of nickelian pyrite," was published Oct. 13 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
	Genomic analysis in snakes shows link between neutral, functional genetic diversity In the world of threatened and endangered species conservation, the genomic revolution has raised some complicated questions: How can scientists justify assessing species genetic diversity without consulting entire genomes now that they can be sequenced? But then again, how can scientists justify the time and expense of genome sequencing when age-old measures of neutral genetic diversity are much cheaper and easier to obtain?
	When predicting the function of microbial communities, simpler may be better As biologists learn more about how microbial communities work together, a major goal is understanding how their composition determines function. What combination of strains and species makes the best team for breaking down pollutants, for example, or fighting off infections? For years, scientists attempted to crack this problem with calculations about how microbial species interact with each other, but the nearly endless potential combinations of microbes in each community render these calculations nearly impossible.
	Hotter, drier summers will make European craft beers less 'hoppy'—new study September 2023 was the warmest ever recorded according to the EU Climate Service, with Earth's average surface air temperature peaking at 16.38°C. The average global temperature was also at least 1.5°C higher than pre-industrial levels on about a third of days in 2023, according to another recent report.
	Climate change is improving French wine—for now What makes a good or bad year for wine? It's a question that vexes not only vintners but also scientists, who've long looked to weather conditions to provide the answer.
	Warming and habitat loss shrink pollinator numbers. That may hit coffee, cocoa crops hard in future Changes in the climate and land use are combining to dramatically shrink the numbers of insects pollinating key tropical crops. As those problems interwine and intensify, it likely will hit coffee lovers right in the mug, according to a new study.
	Wolf protection in Europe has become deeply political—Spain's experience tells us why Wolves are staging a comeback in many areas of Europe after centuries of persecution. Over the past decade alone, they have expanded their range on the continent by more than 25%.
	Global climate change, economic interests negatively impact amphibian diversity in Brazilian rainforest: Study Senckenberg researchers, together with a Brazilian-German team, have investigated the effects of climate change on the taxonomic and functional diversity of amphibians in the Mata Atlântica. The rainforest in the eastern part of South America is one of the most threatened tropical forest areas and is home to more than 50% of the amphibian species found in Brazil.
	The green shoots of urban agriculture City farming and food sharing are blossoming in Europe with the help of local traditions and EU research.
	Environmentalists are turning a rugged stretch of California coast into a lab for conservation In the spiritual tradition of the Chumash people, it's revered as the "Western Gate"—a portal through which the souls of the dead enter paradise.
	With salmon at risk of extinction, California begins urgent rescue effort Typically, now is the time when creeks along the Sacramento River are filled with young spring-run Chinook salmon preparing to make their journey downstream to the Pacific Ocean, where they will mature, and eventually make their return to California spawning sites.
	Critically endangered scalloped hammerheads gather in seas off Perth. They need protection, researchers say Unlike nearly every other species of shark, scalloped hammerheads are highly social. They gather in large groups, or aggregations, numbering in the hundreds. But why? We don't know.
	How climate change-induced stress is altering fish hormones—with huge repercussions for reproduction In 1981, scientists discovered that female fish exposed to high temperatures developed testes instead of ovaries. Since then, over 1,100 studies on different animal species, including 400 on freshwater fish, have found similar results.
	Scientists can't agree on when the first animals evolved—research hopes to end the debate There are estimated to be nearly 8 million species of animals living today, making up the majority of Earth's documented biodiversity and inhabiting almost all of its environments. However, for most of Earth's history animals were completely absent.
	Elephant teeth: How they evolved to cope with climate change-driven dietary shifts Seeing elephants in the wild is a timelessly awe-inspiring experience. There are only three living species today: the African savannah elephant, African forest elephant, and Asian elephant.
	New vaccine expected to give endangered California condors protection against deadly bird flu Antibodies found in early results of a historic new vaccine trial are expected to give endangered California condors at least partial protection from the deadliest strain of avian influenza in U.S. history.
	New research reveals forgotten lives of Eurasian otters in Hong Kong Researchers have gained new insights into the lives and losses of Eurasian otters in Hong Kong, as detailed in a paper published in the journal Oryx.
	Slime after slime: Why those biofilms you slip on in rivers are vitally important You might have noticed it after sliding on a rock in a Melbourne creek. Or it could have been wading through a Northern Territory waterhole. It's slime, and our rivers are full of it. That's a good thing.
	Enzyme molecule in marine bacteria degrades plastic polymer A bacterium that can degrade the common polymer polybutylene succinate (PBS), which naturally biodegrades only to a limited extent in marine environments, could lead to improved ways to recycle this polymer. The bacterium's potential, and its enzyme molecule that breaks down PBS, were discovered by researchers at Hokkaido University, working with colleagues at the Mitsubishi Chemical Group in Japan. The team published their results in the journal Environmental Microbiology.
	Q&A: Demystifying the biology of growing older Exercise. Social connections. Sunscreen. It seems there is no shortage of advice on how to stay young, but among scientists, the exact physiology behind aging remains unknown. Tufts Now asked biology professor Mitch McVey to decode the latest and most popular explanations for why all living species gradually decline, and share his views on the true aims of aging research. Hint: it's not immortality.
	Leap in the dark: On a mission to rescue the Caribbean's biggest frog A rescue mission is under way in the Caribbean to save one of the world's largest—and rarest—frogs from extinction.
	Examining the function of salmon cooling stations You've heard of the salmon run: upon reaching sexual maturity, wild Atlantic salmon, which are born in freshwater rivers but spend most of their adult life in the ocean, swim upstream all the way back to their birthplace to spawn. This remarkable migration—a journey thousands of miles long, against the current—is filled with obstacles, from dams to hop over to hungry bears to dodge.
	The deep slumber of a hospital pathogen: Why infections with Acinetobacter baumannii can flare up again and again The bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is an extremely dangerous pathogen that is found, among other places, in hospitals. Many of the bacterial strains are resistant to different classes of antibiotics. Infections with Acinetobacter baumannii were first observed on a greater scale during the Iraq War and have increased worldwide at a rapid pace ever since.
	Management zone maps of little use to corn growers, study finds A multiyear analysis tested whether management zone maps based on soil conditions, topography or other landscape features can reliably predict which parts of a cornfield will respond best to higher rates of seeding or nitrogen application. The study found that—contrary to common assumptions—crop-plot responses to the same inputs vary significantly from year to year. The most unpredictable factor—the weather—seemed to have the biggest impact on how the crops responded to these inputs.
	Scientists present the first set of global maps showing geographic patterns of beta-diversity in flowering plants Beta-diversity serves as a crucial metric for gauging shifts in species composition over spatial or temporal scales, bridging the spectrum between localized (alpha) and broader regional (gamma) diversity. In the fields of ecology, biogeography and conservation biology, to elucidate the origins and sustenance of geographic beta-diversity patterns, we need to explore both the taxonomic and phylogenetic beta-diversity at different evolutionary depths.
	Study finds wildfire isn't primary factor in invasive annual grass expansion in Great Basin Scientists examined the assumption that wildfires are the primary factor driving the expansion of invasive annual grasses that are taking over shrubland and grassland in the U.S. Great Basin and found that annual grasses are highly competitive even in the absence of significant disturbances like fire.
	Grapes of wrath: Albania winemakers struggle with warmer world The famously talented winemakers of Mirdita, high in the mountains of northern Albania, have never been so worried.
	Fly season: What to know about Australia's most common flies and how to keep them away As the days grow longer and temperatures climb, we're greeted by a familiar chorus of buzzing. It's fly season again.
	Turf experts explain why mulching leaves is a better solution than disposal October is peak season for admiring fall foliage and soon those leaves will begin to fall, if they haven't already done so. Before you start to clean them up, Virginia Tech turf experts suggest that you try a different approach instead of bagging and tossing.
	How LA's bird population is shaped by historic redlining and racist loan practices On a recent afternoon in L.A."s Boyle Heights neighborhood, Christian Benitez and Eric M. Wood stood outside a corner liquor store searching for birds.
	Uncovering previously unexplored cellular mechanisms Single-cell and spatially resolved omics have helped scientists take a closer look at tissue composition, structure, and function. This comprehensive understanding paves the way for them to uncover some intricate and previously unknown disease mechanisms. Three articles in the most recent special issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis (JPA) discuss how single-cell and spatially resolved omics help unravel intercellular dynamics, aiding the development of novel therapeutic modalities.
	Nitrogen enrichment delays the emergence of an aridity-induced threshold for plant biomass Crossing certain aridity thresholds in global drylands can lead to abrupt decays of ecosystem attributes such as plant productivity, potentially causing land degradation and desertification. It is largely unknown, however, whether these thresholds can be altered by other key global change drivers known to affect the water-use efficiency and productivity of vegetation, such as elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) enrichment.

Medicine and Health news

	Despite good oral hygiene, localized oral inflammation can also affect distant healthy areas in mouth Much evidence exists to show that in humans, oral inflammatory conditions such as periodontal disease can affect overall health. In its later stages, periodontal disease can lead to systemic issues such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Until now, however, little has been known about how it might affect healthy oral tissue.
	EarSkin and EarCartilage—combining bioengineered human skin with bioprinted cartilage for ear reconstruction Microtia is a congenital disorder that can occur as a malformation of the external ear in children. In a new study published in Science Advances, Dominika Zielinska and a research team in tissue biological research, tissue engineering, polymer technologies and biofabrication at the University of Children's Hospital Zurich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland and the U.S., developed a tissue-engineered treatment approach by using bioprinted autologous auricular cartilage construct as ear cartilage, combined with a bioengineered human pigmented and prevascularized ear skin substrate already tested in immunocompromised rats.
	Antacid use correlated to dementia, though causality remains elusive Researchers at Copenhagen University Hospital and Aarhus University, Denmark, have looked into the potential association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), commonly used antacid medications to suppress stomach acid production, and increased dementia risk.
	Researchers pinpoint nongenetic mechanisms in lung cancer resistance to one commonly used therapy In a recent study led by Ravi Salgia, M.D., Ph.D., the Arthur & Rosalie Kaplan Chair in Medical Oncology, a team of researchers from City of Hope, one of the largest cancer research and treatment organizations in the United States, and other institutions found that nongenetic mechanisms are important in lung cancer patients who develop a resistance to one cancer therapy. Their findings were published in the October 13 issue of the journal Science Advances.
	Study shows long-term health impacts after exposure to environmental disaster Exposure to a large-scale disaster, such as a tsunami, impacts population health over a decade later. A new study by an inter-disciplinary team of researchers in the United States and Indonesia has found that women who lived along the coast of Aceh, Indonesia when it was hit by waves from the 2004 tsunami have lower cortisol levels 14 years later than women who lived in other, nearby coastal communities that were not directly affected.
	Researchers develop innovative technique for distinguishing tumor from normal tissue Removing a patient's tumor while sparing healthy tissue requires exquisite precision, but often surgeons must rely on their eyes and hands to determine where to cut.
	Early behavioral health problems need earlier interventions, says study A six-year study that analyzed data from a 25-question screening tool found alarming evidence of unhealthy behavioral trajectories starting as early as age two among families affected by low income and other social stressors.
	Dementia's financial and family impact: New study shows outsized toll Most people think of dementia as something that affects a person's brain. But a new study shows just how much damage it does to a person's wallet and bank account too—as well as the higher demands it places on their family members.
	New research points out ways to improve tuberculosis vaccines A new study from the University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine describes a previously unappreciated role for a class of immune cells in the early stages of tuberculosis (TB) infection.
	New biomarker predicts whether neurons will regenerate Neurons, the main cells that make up our brain and spinal cord, are among the slowest cells to regenerate after an injury, and many neurons fail to regenerate entirely. While scientists have made progress in understanding neuronal regeneration, it remains unknown why some neurons regenerate and others do not.
	Targeting cancer's hidden master regulators Cancer research has long focused on targeting the genetic mutations that drive tumors. Many of these genetic changes affect genes that allow mutated cells to replicate out of control. While developing drugs to target these mutations can benefit some patients, most tumors either lack targetable mutations or develop resistance to those therapies as a result of the accumulation of even more mutations.
	Major depressive disorder study finds differences between male and female brain processes at molecular level Research published in Neuropsychopharmacology by a team of researchers at the University of Wollongong (UOW), National Institute of Complementary Medicine Health Research Institute and Neuroscience Research Australia has found molecular evidence highlighting important sex differences in the brains of people with major depressive disorder, with evidence of changes occurring specifically in the female brain, but not in males. The paper is titled "Sex- and suicide-specific alterations in the kynurenine pathway in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depression."
	Tirzepatide weight-loss study shows promising results After 12 initial weeks of weight loss with intensive lifestyle intervention alone, participants in the SURMOUNT-3 study who were randomly assigned to tirzepatide for 72 weeks achieved a total mean reduction in baseline body weight of 24.3% at week 84.
	Study finds link between seasons and eating habits The number of hours of light exposure we experience affects how we eat and how we burn energy. This may help us understand the link between seasons and metabolism.
	Mouse study yields potential new target to combat multiple sclerosis Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine, studying multiple sclerosis (MS) in mice, identified a protein that could reshape the understanding of MS treatments.
	Zooming in on rare bone cells that drive osteoporosis Mayo Clinic researchers have developed a new high-resolution, analytical technique to identify the rare senescent bone cells that are known to drive osteoporosis. Senescent cells are malfunctioning cells that build up as people age or as the result of chronic diseases. Once these cells form, they can contribute to developing diseases and consequences of aging.
	Clinical trial finds live vaccinations safe for liver, kidney transplant recipients Live vaccinations provided to children who previously received liver or kidney transplants were found to be safe and prompted an immune response to guard against several life-threatening conditions, according to a new study published in JAMA Network Open.
	Narcissism and its impact on psychotherapy Narcissistic personality traits are related to poorer response to psychotherapeutic treatment. This is the result of a German multi-site study with more than 2,000 participants receiving inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy. The findings of the research team at Jena University Hospital and University of Münster, now published in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, can contribute to further individualization of psychotherapy.
	The emotional function of dreams is not the same everywhere By comparing the dreams of Western and non-Western populations, a study by the UNIGE and the University of Toronto shows that dreams can have a variable emotional function.
	Study finds serotonin reduction causes long COVID symptoms Patients with long COVID—the long-term symptoms like brain fog, fatigue, or memory loss in the months or years following COVID-19—can exhibit a reduction in circulating levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, according to new research published today in Cell.
	ICU antibiotics may be safe for kidneys, says clinical trial Two "big gun" antibiotics thought to cause kidney failure in ICU patients with a severe bacterial infection, especially when combined with another antibiotic, may be safer for the kidneys than previously reported, following a randomized trial led by Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC).
	Research finds non-small cell lung cancer drug lorlatinib targets additional protein Targeted cancer drugs are widely used because of their ability to inhibit specific proteins involved in cancer development with fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy drugs. But targeted therapies can often inhibit other unknown proteins. These hidden targets may also contribute to the drug's anticancer effects and potentially offer a path for the drug to be repurposed for other cancers controlled by the hidden target.
	Mental health of nursing home staff declined further despite COVID-19 pandemic restrictions easing, finds study Follow-on findings from an initial study showed that nursing home staff working after Ireland's pandemic restrictions had been lifted reported substantially higher levels of post-traumatic stress, moral injury, low mood and suicidal thinking than during the pandemic.
	Brain control in infancy linked to cognitive ability in toddlers In a new study, Yale researchers offer a look into how infants' brains work and change over time, and how these processes can be disrupted by preterm birth. The findings, the researchers say, could point to treatments that correct developmental trajectories that go awry in neurodevelopmental disorders.
	Medicaid is a vital lifeline for adults with Down syndrome, study finds Life expectancy has increased substantially for people in the United States with Down syndrome, from a median age of 4 years old in the 1950s to 57 years old in 2019. This longer life span increases the need for adequate health care into adulthood for this population, the majority of whom are at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or related dementias and other chronic health conditions as they age.
	Lab-grown skin helps unlock secrets of mpox virus infection Skin organoids offer a powerful platform for drug discovery in the ongoing fight against the virus formerly known as monkeypox. A new model system for studying mpox virus infections in the laboratory is providing valuable insights into the virus's mechanisms of attack on skin cells, offering a potential catalyst in the quest to discover innovative drugs to combat this emerging pathogen.
	Special probes improve ultrasound imaging in obese patients Ultrasound is used to diagnose many diseases in the abdominal cavity. A new study conducted at the University of Leipzig Medical Center and supported by the Helmholtz Institute for Metabolism, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) shows that obesity affects the quality of ultrasound scans of the liver and kidneys. It also shows that the use of high-performance ultrasound probes can improve the anatomical depiction in these patients. The findings have been published in the journal Scientific Reports.
	ChatGPT may be better than doctors at evidence-based management of clinical depression ChatGPT, the AI language model capable of mirroring human conversation, may be better than a doctor at following recognized treatment standards for clinical depression, and without any of the gender or social class biases sometimes seen in the primary care doctor-patient relationship, finds research published in the open access journal Family Medicine and Community Health.
	Brain fungal infection produces Alzheimer's disease-like changes, says new study Previous research has implicated fungi in chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, but there is limited understanding of how these common microbes could be involved in the development of these conditions.
	Cancer drug restores immune system's ability to fight tumors A new, bio-inspired drug restores the effectiveness of immune cells in fighting cancer, a team led by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin has found. In mouse models of melanoma, bladder cancer, leukemia and colon cancer, the drug slows the growth of tumors, extends lifespan and boosts the efficacy of immunotherapy. The research is published in the journal Cancer Cell and could be a game changer for many cancer patients.
	Retail outlets for legal marijuana may be associated with alcohol co-use among high school students: Study Given the increasing trend toward legalizing marijuana in many states, there is growing concern that underage youth may find the drug easier to access. In fact, a recent study reported in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs suggests that in areas with local retail availability of legalized marijuana, high school students are more likely to use marijuana and alcohol together, as well as alcohol alone.
	Novel potassium channel opener safe, effective for adults with focal epilepsy XEN1101 appears safe and effective for the treatment of focal-onset seizures (FOSs), according to results of a phase 2b study published online Oct. 9 in JAMA Neurology.
	Virtual reality reduces anxiety among caregivers of children having surgery, study finds Virtual reality (VR) may be an effective and reliable tool to alleviate the anxiety experienced by most parents or caregivers when their child undergoes surgery, according to research presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	More patients go home instead of to long-term-care when sedation for common procedures is conducted by anesthesiologist Patients who had common procedures performed outside of the operating room (OR) were more likely to go home instead of to a long-term care facility when they were discharged from the hospital if their sedation was administered or directed by an anesthesiologist, rather than by a physician who is not a trained anesthesiologist, according to a first-of-its-kind study presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	AI pain recognition system could help detect patients' pain before, during and after surgery An automated pain recognition system using artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise as an unbiased method to detect pain in patients before, during and after surgery, according to research presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	Two easy fixes could reduce bleeding after cesarean delivery Two simple solutions could help prevent severe bleeding (postpartum hemorrhage) after cesarean delivery, suggests research presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting. As the leading cause of maternal mortality in the U.S. at the time of birth, postpartum hemorrhage is more common after cesarean deliveries than vaginal births.
	Playgroups are are struggling to survive—here's why we need them Playgroups can be a lifeline for new parents. Run by volunteers, they give young children a space to explore and interact with others, and parents a chance to have a cup of tea and a chat.
	Study reveals how young children's immune systems tame SARS-CoV-2 New research helps explain why young children have lower rates of severe COVID-19 than adults. A study of infants and young children found those who acquired SARS-CoV-2 had a strong, sustained antibody response to the virus and high levels of inflammatory proteins in the nose but not in the blood. This immune response contrasts with that typically seen in adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The research was published in the journal Cell.
	Abnormal lactate metabolism linked to kidney injury in diabetic patients Disrupted kidney metabolism is a key driver of progressive kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), according to a new study led by scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School and Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore and Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan.
	New study assesses safety and efficacy of radial access for peripheral artery interventions A new study published in the Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions explores the safety and efficacy of using radial access (RA) for peripheral artery interventions. The study, conducted by a team of researchers from prominent medical centers, aimed at examining evaluating the safety and feasibility of RA for complex endovascular lower extremity interventions.
	Stress levels worse in women who have heart attacks with blockages, study finds Stress and depression are known to increase risk of heart attack, especially among women. They've also been linked to worse recovery. But does stress and depression contribute more to women with heart attacks with open arteries or blocked arteries? That's what a new study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology aimed to find out.
	Gut microbiome variations could predict colorectal cancer risk, new study finds New research has identified significant variations in the gut microbiome of individuals who developed pre-cancerous colonic lesions, suggesting a potential connection between gut bacteria and the onset of colorectal lesions and cancers. These findings, presented at UEG Week 2023, open promising new avenues for enhancing the detection and prevention of colorectal cancer.
	Survey finds education is needed to identify lesser-known symptoms of breast cancer An overwhelming majority of adults (93%) recognize a lump as a symptom of breast cancer, but less than half recognize other common symptoms associated with the disease, according to a consumer survey commissioned by The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC—James).
	Radio-theranostics strategy offers a powerful new tool in the fight against pancreatic cancer Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Many PDAC tumors in early stage go undetected because they are not found using conventional imaging methods, including fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scans. To more efficiently combat this cancer, a team led by researchers at Osaka University is combining diagnostic and therapeutic procedures into a single integrated process: theranostics.
	Opioid use disorder treatment associated with decreased risk of overdose after surgery, suggests study Although people with opioid use disorder (OUD) are significantly more likely to overdose or have a complication after major surgery than those without the disorder, using medications for the treatment of OUD before surgery may eliminate that extra risk, suggests a large, first-of-its-kind study presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	Anesthesiologist-led blood management found to save blood and reduce costs with same or better patient outcomes Blood management programs that reduced or avoided transfusions saved a health system millions of dollars annually, with a return on investment of more than $7 for every dollar spent, while achieving the same or better outcomes, suggests research presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	Black and Hispanic patients much more likely to die after surgery than white patients, suggests study About 12,000 Black and Hispanic patients who died after surgery the past two decades may have lived if there were no racial and ethnic disparities among Americans having surgery, suggests a study of more than 1.5 million inpatient procedures presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	Females less likely to heal from ACL injuries than males, finds study Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), located in the knee, are typically thought to be caused by acute traumatic events, such as sudden twists. Led by Penn State researchers, new work analyzing an animal model of ACLs suggests that such injuries can also occur as a result of chronic overuse, specifically due to a reduced ability to repair microtraumas associated with overuse. Importantly, the team said, females also are less able to heal from these microtraumas than males, which may explain why females are 2 to 8 times more likely to tear their ACL ligaments than males.
	Brain imaging study suggests both cutting down and quitting drinking linked to healthier brains The brains of people who reduce their drinking, as well as of people who quit drinking entirely, have greater volume in certain regions than people who drink more heavily, according to a new study of adults treated for alcohol use disorder. The regional brain volumes of people who resume drinking at low-risk levels (no more than approximately three drinks per day for males, 1.5 drinks per day for females) of alcohol are more similar to the brains of those who remain abstinent than they are to those who drink at higher risk levels (average of five or more drinks per day).
	'Bad' cholesterol not the only culprit linked with a higher likelihood of heart disease "Bad" cholesterol isn't the only culprit linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, according to a trio of recent University of Alberta studies—including landmark global research—showing that a different kind of cholesterol is also a strong risk factor for people worldwide.
	Study highlights impact of UK child poverty and caregiver mental health on future generations Child poverty and caregiver mental health problems have large negative impacts on the health of the next generation, finds a large-scale study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health.
	Gun deaths among children and teens have soared—but there are ways to reverse the trend Firearm injuries are now the leading cause of death among U.S. children and teens following a huge decadelong rise.
	Who tracked UK COVID infections the best at the height of the pandemic? A new study provides the answer At the height of the COVID pandemic everybody, from health ministers to Joe public, wanted to know two things: how many infected people are there in the country? And is this number going up or down?
	Babies with a low birthweight are four times more likely to develop fatty liver disease in later life, new study shows A new study, presented at UEG Week 2023, has discovered a significant connection between birthweight and the onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), in young people. Most notably, babies with a low birthweight were found to be four times more likely to develop MASLD in childhood, adolescence or young adulthood.
	National Poll: Parents of elementary-aged children may engage in more helicopter parenting than they think As they grow, children start doing certain activities without their parents watching over them, including trick-or-treating with friends, staying home alone or biking to a friend's house.
	Virtual driving assessment predicts risk of crashing for newly licensed teen drivers New research published by the journal Pediatrics found that driving skills measured at the time of licensure on a virtual driving assessment (VDA), which exposes drivers to common serious crash scenarios, helps predict crash risk in newly licensed young drivers.
	Research suggests severity of flu season was high for children, teens in 2022 to 2023 For children and adolescents, the 2022 to 2023 influenza season had high severity, according to research published in the Oct. 13 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	More than 7 million Americans have gotten the new COVID shots Following a rocky roll-out, more than 7 million Americans have now gotten the newly updated COVID vaccines.
	Infertility risk perception increased in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer have higher rates of perceiving increased infertility risk but frequently overestimate or underestimate their risk, according to a study published online Oct. 11 in JAMA Network Open.
	Study assessing patient satisfaction with non-opioid analgesia in the post-operative period presented The annual meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery was held in Nashville, Tennessee, from Sept. 30 to Oct. 4. In a study presented at the meeting, Hector Perez, M.D., of Loma Linda University in California, and colleagues found that patients can achieve appropriate postoperative pain control with reduced narcotic intake.
	The new vaccines and you: Americans better armed than ever against the winter blechs Last year's "triple-demic" marked the beginning of what may be a new normal: a confluence of respiratory infections—RSV, influenza, and COVID-19—will surge as the weather cools each year.
	Rare 'flesh-eating' bacterium spreads north as oceans warm Debbie King barely gave it a second thought when she scraped her right shin climbing onto her friend's pontoon for a day of boating in the Gulf of Mexico on Aug. 13.
	Golf, walking and Nordic walking may enhance cognitive function in older adults Playing a single 18-hole round of golf or completing 6 km of either Nordic walking or regular walking may significantly improve immediate cognitive function in older individuals, according to a recent study published in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine.
	All the reasons you might be having night sweats—and when to see a doctor You've finished a workout, so you're hot and drenched with perspiration—but soon you begin to feel cool again. Later, it's a sweltering summer evening and you're finding it hard to sleep, so you kick off the covers.
	Tuberculosis isn't just a historical disease. Here's how it spreads and who is at risk Tuberculosis is often seen as a threat of the past. But it remains a significant concern worldwide, with international travel spreading the disease.
	Steep physical decline with age is not inevitable—here's how strength training can change the trajectory Raise your hand if you regularly find yourself walking up a flight of stairs. What about carrying heavy bags of groceries? How about picking up your child or grandchild? Most of us would raise our hands to doing at least one of those weekly, or even daily.
	An itching paradox—a molecule that triggers the urge to scratch also turns down inflammation in the skin Itching can be uncomfortable, but it's a normal part of your skin's immune response to external threats. When you're itching from an encounter with poison ivy or mosquitoes, consider that your urge to scratch may have evolved to get you to swat away disease-carrying pests.
	Researchers identify early signs of bipolar disorder Other mental illness diagnoses, taking psychotropic medication prescribed to treat those illnesses, and specific health service use patterns are strong indicators of bipolar disorder, show researchers from the University of Manchester and Keele University.
	The impact of work on well-being: Six factors that will affect the future of work and health inequalities Work has long been considered a social determinant of health. Like housing, education, income security and other matters of economic and social policy, work can be a key factor in creating, maintaining or exacerbating unequal health outcomes across different societal groups.
	IDSA: Maternal RSVpreF vaccine would cut clinical, economic burden Maternal vaccination with a bivalent stabilized prefusion F subunit respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine (RSVpreF) is projected to reduce the clinical and economic burden of RSV lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in infants, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDWeek), held from Oct. 11 to 15 in Boston.
	Food insecurity doubles rate of severe hypoglycemia in diabetic adults, research suggests Adults living with diabetes who can't afford to put food on the table are at more than twice the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
	Information about abortion care largely omitted or buried on 80% of health systems' patient-facing websites A study of health systems' websites has found that despite being a routine procedure at many hospitals, abortion is not mentioned by almost 80% of health system websites. The research report is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Women at much higher risk of depression after traumatic brain injury, analysis finds Women are nearly 50% more likely than men to develop depression after suffering a concussion or other traumatic brain injury (TBI), according to an analysis of nine studies and nearly 700,000 people presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	Phase 3 trial finds amitriptyline helps relieve IBS symptoms A cheap and widely available prescription drug can improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in patients seen in GP surgeries, new research presented today at UEG Week 2023 has found.
	Asian, Hispanic and Black children with ear infections less likely to see ENT doctors, receive ear tubes, finds research Asian, Hispanic and Black children are much less likely to see ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctors (otolaryngologists), or to receive ear tubes for recurring ear infections, according to research presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2023 annual meeting.
	Older siblings and childhood tonsil removal linked to heightened risk of inflammatory arthritis Having older siblings and childhood tonsil removal are linked to a heightened risk of ankylosing spondylitis, a type of chronic inflammatory arthritis, finds a large study published in the open access journal RMD Open.
	Implementation of routine opioid use disorder screening fails to significantly boost new diagnosis rates, finds research In a brief research report, authors from University of Washington report that screening for opioid use disorder (OUD) in a primary care setting did not significantly boost the percentage of new diagnoses. Screening sensitivity could be a contributing factor, and the authors suggest that addressing stigma may increase the sensitivity of the screening instrument. The report is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Immersive virtual reality seems to ease cancer patients' pain and distress Immersive virtual reality—digital technology that allows a person to experience being physically present in a non-physical world—seems to ease the pain and distress felt by patients with cancer, suggests a pooled data analysis of the available evidence published in BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.
	Survey finds significant gaps in UK public awareness of telltale cancer signs in kids and teens There are significant gaps in the UK public's awareness of the telltale signs and symptoms of cancer in children and teens, with just a third of adults expressing confidence in being able to recognize them, find the results of a nationally representative survey published online in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood.
	The two-way relationship between nutrition and aging With so much hype in the media about miracle diets and nutritional supplements, one is invariably tempted to look for a single, food-based magic bullet that will increase the likelihood of living a longer, healthier life.
	Telemedicine visits comparable to in-person visits for addressing most patient clinical concern areas in primary care A study of more than 1 million adults has found that in primary care, telemedicine visits were comparable to in-person visits for addressing most patient clinical concern areas. Telemedicine visits resulted in lower treatment rates and higher rates of follow-up health care use compared with in-person office visits, but these differences were small and varied by clinical condition. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Pickleball is all the rage, here's tips on preventing injuries Pickleball has become wildly popular, but that may be fueling a rise in pickleball-related injuries.
	Car exhaust could harm a woman's pregnancy Air pollution from heavy traffic may be driving pregnancy complications and health concerns for infants.
	One in four patients in ICU receive red blood cell transfusion For patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is common, with considerable variability across centers, countries, and continents, according to a study published online Oct. 12 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
	Non-white patients assigned less severe triage scores Mistriage of non-White patients in the emergency department appears to be common, according to a study published online Oct. 12 in JAMA Network Open.
	Can the lifelong effects of childhood lead exposure ever be reversed? Tomás R. Guilarte has been exchanging emails with a mother whose child was exposed to lead. She's not the first parent he's heard from. And likely won't be the last. This is our legacy of lead.
	Personalized coaching decreases cognitive decline in early-stage Alzheimer's disease patients, study shows Supplementing the standard of treatment for early-stage Alzheimer's disease patients with personalized lifestyle coaching leads to less cognitive decline compared to standard of care alone, an ISB-led study shows. An early online version of this paper detailing the findings has been published, and it is scheduled for publication in the November issue of Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.
	Researchers investigate the relative merits and hazards of sweetened drinks vs. water Psychology researchers from the University of Liverpool have conducted a long-term study to understand the effect of artificially sweetened drinks on weight management.
	Researchers uncover mechanism that may explain why some people can't stop binging on unhealthy foods People overeat and become overweight for a variety of reasons. The fact that flavorful high-calorie food is often available nearly everywhere at any time doesn't help. Buck researchers have determined for the first time why certain chemicals in cooked or processed foods, called advanced glycation end products, or AGEs, increase hunger and test our willpower or ability to make healthy choices when it comes to food.
	Study reveals steps to improve physician productivity and gender equity Women physicians have historically been paid less than their male counterparts, a phenomenon past research has suggested may be due in part to women physicians spending more time with each patient, thus generating less revenue overall even if they generate the same per visit.
	Study provides new insights into COVID-19 pandemic death rates A multi-institutional team of researchers led by the White River Junction Veterans Administration (VA), and including the West Haven VA and Palo Alto VA, has analyzed electronic health record data from more than 5.9 million veterans―spanning both pre-pandemic (March 2018–February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020–February 2022) periods―to discover nuanced insights from COVID-19's impact on mortality rates.
	Study: BMAL1 modulates senescence programming via AP-1 A new research paper titled "BMAL1 modulates senescence programming via AP-1" has been published in Aging.
	Biden administration moves to boost health care to the homeless A new rule allows health care providers to be reimbursed for treating homeless people wherever they are, rather than just in hospitals or clinics.
	Treatment for alcohol use disorder improves quality of life in men and women aged 60+, study finds Adults aged 60 and older reported better overall health and quality of life after treatment for their alcohol use disorder, according to a new study published in Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research.
	Firearm exposure associated with poorer health in communities around the US Gun violence is tied to poverty, unemployment, broken families, disengaged youth and racial segregation, according to a study by the New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center at Rutgers.
	Mouse model of COVID-19 in pregnancy shows benefit of paxlovid treatment A new mouse model of infection with the COVID-19-causing SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy tracks closely the disease course doctors have observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant patients, and suggests that treatment with the antiviral Paxlovid provides protection for both mother and child. The new model is described in a study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
	Research suggests AI will become a translator for patients after laryngectomy The most common type of laryngectomy, i.e., surgical removal of advanced laryngeal cancer, changes the patient's voice dramatically and can be very disruptive to their normal life. To improve the quality of life of patients after laryngectomy, a team of researchers from Lithuania conducted a study using artificial intelligence (AI) to "clean" the speech of laryngectomy patients.
	Can ChatGPT diagnose your condition? Not yet, say researchers ChatGPT, a sophisticated chatbot driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technology, has been increasingly used in health care contexts, one of which is assisting patients in self-diagnosing before seeking medical help.
	Mutation puts women at higher risk of heart failure When the PRDM16 gene mutates, heart muscle cells undergo changes in their metabolism. This increases the risk of congenital heart failure in women more than men, as a ECRC research team led by Sabine Klaassen and Jirko Kühnisch reports in Cardiovascular Research.
	Are people with more peace of mind better at regulating emotions? Research shows that people with higher levels of peace of mind are better at reinterpreting situations to regulate their emotions, rather than suppressing them.
	Study: High-performance ICUs reduce mortality rates during pandemics and other health crises A new study published in the journal CHEST shows that high-performance intensive care units (ICUs) might also have better patient outcomes during health crises. The study used as a benchmark the mortality rate observed in Brazilian ICUs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyzed data from over 380,000 patients of private hospital ICUs across 10 Brazilian states.
	Empathetic cancer clinicians promote psychological well-being in breast cancer patients, says study Clinicians who show more empathy promote better psychological health among breast cancer patients, according to a Rutgers study examining how oncology doctors facilitate psychological well-being.
	Liver cancer: Risk factors and prevention October is Liver Cancer Awareness Month, which makes this a good time to learn more about risk factors for liver cancer and what you can do to prevent it.
	Future-proofing pandemic preparedness and response The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted major shortcomings in the ability of the world to prevent, prepare for, and respond to pandemics. These shortcomings spanned multiple areas, including the surveillance of pathogens of pandemic potential, the effectiveness of International Health Regulations (IHR), and disparities in the supply of vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics.
	Pfizer cuts earnings outlook on lower COVID-19 drug sales The US pharmaceutical giant Pfizer sharply scaled back its earnings outlook for the year, blaming lower-than-expected sales of two drugs used to treat COVID-19, the company said Friday.
	US pharmacy chain Rite Aid files for bankruptcy US pharmacy chain Rite Aid filed for bankruptcy Sunday, the company said, after suffering declining sales and legal threats over its alleged involvement in the opioid crisis.
	Slowing vaccine demand to weigh on BioNTech profits German vaccine-maker BioNTech said Monday its earnings would take a hit as demand for its coronavirus jab slowed.
	Treating high-risk drinking, alcohol use disorder: New Canadian guideline A new Canadian guideline for treating high-risk drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD) with 15 evidence-based recommendations to reduce harms associated with high-risk drinking and to support people's treatment and recovery from AUD is published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
	Ragweed, mold and more: Get ready for fall allergies While the hot, dry summer may have offered a break to people with some environmental allergies, that reprieve could be over.
	Kaiser Permanente reaches tentative deal with 75,000 health care workers A tentative deal has been reached between Kaiser Permanente and its 75,000 health care workers following a three-day strike.
	Inflammatory breast cancer is rare but aggressive: Know the signs Inflammatory breast cancer is rare, but it's aggressive, fast-growing and hard to detect early, so it's important to know the warning signs.
	Ask the Pediatrician: How can I help my children develop healthy digital habits? Social media plays a huge role in the lives of many children and teens, serving as a virtual meeting place for friends, a source of entertainment or a learning tool. But for some, social media can become all-consuming, stress-inducing or even unsafe. It's helpful for families to step back and take a look at how each member spends time on devices and interacting with social media.
	PrEP, a key HIV prevention tool, isn't reaching Black women Alexis Perkins thought her OB-GYN's office in Atlanta would be just the place to get a prescription for the type of drug that reduces a person's risk of contracting HIV.
	Three tips to avoid Halloween hand injuries There are plenty of frights to go around on Halloween, but a hand injury probably isn't one you'd expect.
	Synthetic glucocorticoid impacts learning and memory function with transgenerational effects: Study A new article published in Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B discusses how gestational dexamethasone exposure impacts hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission and learning and memory function with transgenerational effects.
	Striving for equity in kidney health care in Australia Inequity in kidney health care continues to impact the lives, well-being and health outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in Australia says a new paper from Flinders University.
	Papaya's milky texture packed with nutrients The fall harvests usher in loads of pumpkins into grocery stores. But a smooth-skinned tropical fruit also vies for a consumer's attention: papaya.
	Q&A: New thesis on the acute porphyrias, a group of rare inherited metabolic diseases Mattias Lissing from the Gastroenterology and Rheumatology Unit, at the Department of Medicine, Huddinge (MedH) is defending his thesis: "Liver transplantation, cancer risk and comorbidity in acute porphyria" on 20 October 2023. The main supervisor is Staffan Wahlin (MedH).
	The potential of AI to improve cancer care is only going to grow Artificial intelligence (AI) has made a grand entrance into the public debate this year, but researchers have long been investigating its potential to transform cancer care and improve patient outcomes. Dedicated sessions focused on AI will be held at the ESMO Congress 2023 in Madrid, Spain, 20-24 October, to illustrate the strides being made with modern computing methods applied to oncology.
	A visual circuit related to the habenula mediates the prevention of cocaine relapse by bright light treatment: Study The treatment of drug addiction remains a significant challenge, with cocaine use disorder (CUD) carrying a high rate of relapse and imposing a significant global burden.
	Number of chickenpox cases in children in Finland fell rapidly after the launch of the vaccination program: Study A recent study by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) reveals that a two-dose varicella vaccination program to all children under the age of 12 who had not had chickenpox reduced the number of health center appointments related to the disease significantly and fast in all age groups.

Other Sciences news

	Saturday Citations: Gravitational waves, time travel and the simulated universe hypothesis This week, researchers proved empirically that life isn't fair. Also, you'll notice that, in a superhuman display of restraint, I managed to write a paragraph about the simulated universe hypothesis without once referencing "The Matrix." (Except for this reference.)
	Best of Last Week—early cities were violent, using AI to advance science, common herbicide harms adolescent brain It was an interesting week for human behavior studies, as a team of economists from several institutions in the U.S. found that for most people, hunting for the cheapest price for a plane ticket is a waste of time, mostly because of the unorthodox way that airlines set their prices. Also, a trio of researchers from Germany, Spain and Poland reported that the earliest cities, in places like the Middle East and Mesopotamia, were violent, as evidenced by the large number of skulls found with cranial traumas. And a large team of researchers affiliated with multiple institutions across Europe found that flipped coin tossing is not as fair as thought—coins tend to land the same side up as when flipped, almost 1% more often than the other way around.
	Online menus could prompt people to make healthier choices New research has found even modest interventions, such as encouraging consumers to reflect on their choices before they submit their order, could reduce the emissions associated with the production of their food by more than 50%.
	How mistaken identity can lead to wrongful convictions In March 1976, American Leonard Mack was convicted of sexual assault and holding two female victims at gunpoint. In September 2023, Mack's wrongful conviction was finally overturned by a New York judge on his 72nd birthday with the help of the Innocence Project, an organization that uses DNA evidence to prove factual innocence.
	The hidden risks of buy now, pay later: What shoppers need to know Buy now, pay later is a relatively new form of financial technology that allows consumers to purchase an item immediately and repay the balance at a later time in installments.
	School suspensions entrench disadvantage. What are the alternatives and how have they worked overseas? Suspension from school is meant to be a last resort for serious problem behavior. Despite that, an alarming number of children are suspended every year, often at young ages, for minor reasons.
	New research shows Romans were early pioneers of recycling New research from the University of Liverpool's Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, together with the Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Warwick, has used gold impurities in silver coins and lead pollution in Greenland ice to show that the Romans were early pioneers of recycling.
	What can we learn from the Great Resignation? The Great Resignation appears to be ending, according to economists. But what can companies and leaders learn from the rapid pace of job-quitting in recent years in order to prevent employees from leaving? A study out of the Complexity Science Hub (CSH), Vienna, pinpoints some of the forces behind the Great Resignation and suggests mental health topics contributed to the wave of quitting in the US.
	Project compiles 200 years of conflict data The adage of the need to remember the past to avoid repeating it is certainly applicable to international confrontations as history is filled with nations repeating conflicts again and again.
	In low-income families, shared parental responsiveness helps kids When both mothers and fathers in low-income families are responsive to the needs of their children, good things happen, a recent study found.
	A non-exploitative economy favored the splendor of the Iberian Peninsula's Copper Age communities, says study A study by UAB researchers describes the productive forces of the Chalcolithic communities of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula as being very diverse, both in the type of tasks performed and in intensity, with a high degree of cooperation and no apparent signs of dependence between the different types of settlements or of political centralization.
	Examining the phenomenon of brand cancellation Research in the International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning has investigated the phenomenon of cancel culture and homed in on the emerging problem for companies of "brand cancellation." The work sheds light on the motivations and strategies that have led to this trend in the world of social media and beyond.
	The human factor: Why Australia's net zero transition risks failing unless it is fair For those people focused on meeting the profound challenge of shifting our economies from fossil fuels to clean energy sources, recent headlines from Europe have made alarming reading.
	UK needs AI legislation to create trust so companies can 'plug AI into British economy': Report The British government should offer tax breaks for businesses developing AI-powered products and services, or applying AI to their existing operations, to "unlock the UK's potential for augmented productivity," according to a new University of Cambridge report.
	Reshaping financial content: Enhancing consumer appreciation in Australian professional practice The by-product of financial advice, known as a Statement of Advice (SOA), serves as a written documentation of financial guidance provided to consumers. Its primary purpose is to ensure accountability for regulatory compliance and consumer protection, as outlined in the Corporations Act (2001) of Australia.
	Unveiling real-time economic insights with search big data Economic indicators released by the government are pivotal in shaping decisions across both the public and private sectors. However, a significant limitation of these indicators lies in their timeliness, as they rely on macroeconomic factors like inventory turnover and iron production. For instance, in the case of Japan Cabinet Office's Indexes of Business Conditions, the indices are typically released with a two-month delay.

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