Science X Newsletter Week 43

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for week 43:

	New study identifies common physical features in babies born to mothers who used fentanyl Babies born to mothers who used fentanyl during pregnancy displayed similar facial and musculoskeletal abnormalities that suggest the emergence of a novel syndrome, according to research published in the journal Genetics in Medicine Open.
	'Frozen in time' landscape discovered under Antarctic ice Scientists revealed Tuesday that they had discovered a vast, hidden landscape of hills and valleys carved by ancient rivers that has been "frozen in time" under the Antarctic ice for millions of years.
	Time to inform the public about the adverse effects of ultra-processed foods, researchers say A team led by researchers from the Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, France, has summarized where we are in our understanding of the adverse health effects related to ultra-processed food with some suggestions of how to move forward with this information.
	Fungal evolution discovered: Mycena can now invade living hosts Biologists have long known mushrooms of the genus Mycena, commonly known as bonnet mushrooms, as fungi that live off of dead trees and plants. New research from the University of Copenhagen demonstrates that bonnets can also find their ways into young, healthy trees and plants, where they try to cooperate. In doing so, they have made an evolutionary leap which challenges our understanding of the ecological roles of fungi.
	LIGO surpasses the quantum limit In 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), made history when it made the first direct detection of gravitational waves—ripples in space and time—produced by a pair of colliding black holes.
	Astronomers discover new almost dark galaxy By analyzing deep optical imagery from the IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project, an international team of astronomers has serendipitously discovered a new almost dark galaxy. The newfound galaxy, dubbed "Nube," has a very low surface brightness and is as massive as the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The finding is reported in a paper published October 18 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Washington's volcanoes are experiencing seismic tremors from an unlikely source—glaciers Most people think of seismic activity as the result of movement along faults or of violent volcanic eruptions. But seismic events can have other causes, including floods and even large crowds of excited fans—such as those at Taylor Swift's recent Seattle shows, whose enthusiastic reception caused seismic activity equivalent to a 2.3 magnitude earthquake—and glaciers.
	In 1952, a group of three 'stars' vanished—astronomers still can't find them On July 19, 1952, Palomar Observatory was undertaking a photographic survey of the night sky. Part of the project was to take multiple images of the same region of sky, to help identify things such as asteroids. At around 8:52 that evening a photographic plate captured the light of three stars clustered together. At a magnitude of 15, they were reasonably bright in the image. At 9:45 pm the same region of sky was captured again, but this time the three stars were nowhere to be seen. In less than an hour they had completely vanished.
	New study finds Mars's liquid iron core is smaller and denser than previously thought For four years, NASA's InSight lander recorded tremors on Mars with its seismometer. Researchers at ETH Zurich collected and analyzed the data transmitted to Earth to determine the planet's internal structure. "Although the mission ended in December 2022, we've now discovered something very interesting," says Amir Khan, a Senior Scientist in the Department of Earth Sciences at ETH Zurich.
	Underwater robot finds new circulation pattern in Antarctic ice shelf More than merely cracks in the ice, crevasses play an important role in circulating seawater beneath Antarctic ice shelves, potentially influencing their stability, finds Cornell University-led research based on a first-of-its-kind exploration by an underwater robot.
	Undiagnosed: More than 7 million Americans unaware they have mild cognitive impairment For many people, forgetting your keys or struggling to plan tasks can seem like a normal part of the aging process. But those lapses can actually be symptoms of something more serious: mild cognitive impairment, or MCI, which could be an early sign of Alzheimer's disease.
	New large-scale study results add to evidence that vestibular loss increases dementia risk Existing research shows a link between hearing loss and the risk of dementia, and a new study adds to growing evidence that vestibular loss can increase dementia risk as well. Results from this work, by a team from the Korea University College of Medicine, are published in Scientific Reports.
	The first slow-slip events seen off southern Costa Rica Slow-slip events (SSEs) are slow earthquake ruptures that generate just a few centimeters of slip over periods ranging from days to years. They are thought to occur in many of the world's subduction zones, but these subtle slips can be tricky to observe, especially when they happen under the ocean, where monitoring capabilities are often more limited than on land.
	Why NASA's Roman mission will study Milky Way's flickering lights NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will provide one of the deepest-ever views into the heart of our Milky Way galaxy. The mission will monitor hundreds of millions of stars in search of tell-tale flickers that betray the presence of planets, distant stars, small icy objects that haunt the outskirts of our solar system, isolated black holes, and more. Roman will likely set a new record for the farthest-known exoplanet, offering a glimpse of a different galactic neighborhood that could be home to worlds quite unlike the more than 5,500 that are currently known.
	Letting those leaves pile up? New research shows leaf litter contains persistent free radicals Research led by environmental health sciences (ENHS) associate professor Eric Vejerano has found that leaves are a source of biogenic persistent free radicals (BPFRs). Vejerano and Ph.D. in ENHS alumna Jeonghyeon Ahn published their findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters.
	New study shows surprising effects of fire in North America's boreal forests A new study, using a first-of-its-kind approach to analyze satellite imagery from boreal forests over the last three decades, has found that fire may be changing the face of the region in a way researchers did not previously anticipate.
	Scientists demonstrate the existence of a universal lower bound on topological entanglement entropy In a new study, scientists from the US and Taiwan have theoretically demonstrated the existence of a universal lower bound on topological entanglement entropy, which is always non-negative. The findings are published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
	Tai chi may curb Parkinson's disease symptoms and complications for several years Tai chi, the Chinese martial art that involves sequences of very slow controlled movements, may curb the symptoms and complications of Parkinson's disease for several years, reveals research published online in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
	Artificial intelligence predicts the future of artificial intelligence research It has become nearly impossible for human researchers to keep track of the overwhelming abundance of scientific publications in the field of artificial intelligence and to stay up-to-date with advances.
	Controlling waves in magnets with superconductors for the first time Quantum physicists at Delft University of Technology have shown that it's possible to control and manipulate spin waves on a chip using superconductors for the first time. These tiny waves in magnets may offer an alternative to electronics in the future. The study, published in Science, primarily gives physicists new insight into the interaction between magnets and superconductors.

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