Science X Newsletter Fri, Oct 20

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 20, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A strategy for the spin-acoustic control of silicon vacancies in a 4H silicon carbide-based bulk acoustic resonator

IBM's NorthPole chip runs AI-based image recognition 22 times faster than current chips

Further evidence of Earth's core leaking found on Baffin Island

Why 10 billion snow crabs starved to death in the Bering Sea

New study shows Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai eruption depleted ozone layer

Consistent lack of sleep related to future depressive symptoms, genetic study finds

Deep dive into the gut unlocks new disease treatments

Health providers say AI chatbots could improve care. But research says some are perpetuating racism

Why do some men not produce sperm? Scientists uncover one underlying reason for male infertility

How cord-like aggregates of bacteria lead to tuberculosis infections

Does urbanization trigger plant evolution?

Wobbly gel mat trains muscle cells to work together

Analysis reveals that harsh workplace climate is pushing women out of academia

Researchers demonstrate a high-speed electrical readout method for graphene nanodevices

Generating clean electricity with chicken feathers

Nanotechnology news

	Researchers demonstrate a high-speed electrical readout method for graphene nanodevices Graphene is well-known for its high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. Stacking two layers of graphene with atomic layer thickness produces bilayer graphene, which possesses excellent electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. As such, bilayer graphene has attracted significant attention and is being utilized in a host of next-generation devices, including quantum computers.
	Nanocarriers study shows antibodies against polyethylene glycol in 83% of the German population It has long been known that people can form defenses and thus antibodies against viruses. But antibodies can also develop against polyethylene glycol (PEG), a substance used in cosmetics, food and medicine. These influence the effectiveness of drugs.
	Safely removing nanoplastics from water using 'Prussian blue', a pigment used to dye jeans Plastic waste breaks down over time into nanoplastics (

Physics news

	A strategy for the spin-acoustic control of silicon vacancies in a 4H silicon carbide-based bulk acoustic resonator Bulk acoustic resonators—stacked material structures inside which acoustic waves resonate—can be used to amplify sounds or filter out undesired noise. These resonators have found wide use in today's RF telecommunication, like Front-End Modules (FEM) in iPhones. They could also be valuable components for various cutting-edge scientific applications, including quantum technologies and imaging devices.
	Accelerating waves shed light on major problems in physics Whenever light interacts with matter, light appears to slow down. This is not a new observation and standard wave mechanics can describe most of these daily phenomena.
	Revolutionizing radar: Integrated THz emitter for precise rotating target detection You may not realize it, but the Doppler effect is everywhere in our lives, from tracking the speed of cars with radar to locating satellites in the sky. It's all about how waves change their frequency when a source (like a radar signal) and a detector are in motion relative to each other. However, traditional radar systems hit a roadblock when trying to detect objects moving at right angles to their radar signals. This limitation has driven researchers to explore an entirely new approach.
	Realizing vertical ultraviolet-B semiconductor laser diodes for high optical output Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 100 to 380 nanometers (nm). These wavelengths can be classified into three regions: UV-A (315–380 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm), with the latter two comprising deep UV rays.

Earth news

	Further evidence of Earth's core leaking found on Baffin Island A combined team of geochemists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and California Institute of Technology has found evidence of high levels of helium-3 in rocks on Baffin Island—possible evidence that the Earth's core is leaking. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the group describes their study of helium-3 and helium-4 on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
	New study shows Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai eruption depleted ozone layer A large team of atmospheric specialists has found that when the Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcano erupted last year, it took part of the ozone layer with it. Their findings are published in the journal Science.
	Land use change can produce more food and store more carbon, study finds Doubling food production, saving water, and increasing carbon storage capacity—this may sound paradoxical, but would be theoretically feasible considering the biophysical potential of the Earth.
	Sable Island's shifting landscape offers insights into groundwater loss globally Almost 200 kilometers off the coast of Nova Scotia sits a slender, crescent-shaped spit of land known for mythic wild horses that roam its dunes, seals that dot its low-slung shores and hundreds of shipwrecks still populating its watery depths.
	Collectively, we spend only 45 minutes daily on the activities that produce the most pollution, researchers say Why do we feel stuck in our efforts to solve the great sustainability crises of the 21st century? Between the dire need to successfully mitigate climate change while making progress on human-focused Sustainable Development Goals, the challenges of the Anthropocene—the era in which we now live—can appear insurmountable.
	Larger-scale recycling collections of currently neglected plastic types can deliver economic viability A pioneering cost-benefit study could transform the way local authorities handle non-household plastic waste, such as polyethene terephthalate (PET) trays and low-density polyethene (LDPE) wrapping film.
	New study unveils breakthrough in forest fire detection despite environmental changes A technology that combines satellite data and numerical model data for forest fire detection has been developed, offering a more comprehensive and adaptable approach to monitor and respond to wildfires. This innovative solution, developed by Professor Jungho Im and his team in the Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering at UNIST, has the potential to significantly minimize the damage caused by medium and large forest fires.
	Thai government pledges action as Bangkok pollution spikes Thai officials on Friday promised action to address a spike in air pollution that came before the normal peak of seasonal haze, but environmental activists accused authorities of hot air.
	Deadly Storm Babet batters Scotland and Scandinavia Two people died and emergency services battled to rescue families trapped by flood waters in Scotland Friday as Storm Babet moved east, forcing the cancellation of flights and ferries in Scandinavia.
	UN nuclear agency team watches Japanese lab workers prepare fish samples from damaged nuclear plant Scientists from the U.N. nuclear agency watched Friday as Japanese lab workers prepared samples of fish collected at a seafood market near the Fukushima nuclear plant to test the safety of treated radioactive wastewater released from the damaged plant into the sea.
	Hurricane Norma downgraded to Category 2 ahead of Mexico landfall Hurricane Norma weakened Friday to a Category 2 storm ahead of landfall near a tourist hotspot on Mexico's Pacific coast.

Astronomy and Space news

	NASA's innovative rocket nozzle paves way for deep space missions NASA recently built and tested an additively-manufactured—or 3D printed—rocket engine nozzle made of aluminum, making it lighter than conventional nozzles and setting the course for deep space flights that can carry more payloads.
	There are 14,000 potentially hazardous city-killing asteroids left to find Everyone likes a cool infographic, right? Does that statement hold even if the infographic points out a gap in our knowledge that could kill millions of people? Because that's what a cool-looking infographic NASA released on October 16th does.
	Juno completes its closest flyby of Io yet Jupiter's ocean moons capture most of our attention because of their potential habitability. But Io, Jupiter's bad-boy volcanic moon, is in a class of its own. There's nothing else like it in the solar system, and NASA's Juno spacecraft captured new images of the volcanic satellite during its closest approach yet.
	NASA's Voyager team focuses on software patch, thrusters Engineers for NASA's Voyager mission are taking steps to help make sure both spacecraft, launched in 1977, continue to explore interstellar space for years to come.

Technology news

	IBM's NorthPole chip runs AI-based image recognition 22 times faster than current chips A large team of computer scientists and engineers at IBM Research has developed a dedicated computer chip that is able to run AI-based image recognition apps 22 times as fast as chips that are currently on the market.
	Health providers say AI chatbots could improve care. But research says some are perpetuating racism As hospitals and health care systems turn to artificial intelligence to help summarize doctors' notes and analyze health records, a new study led by Stanford School of Medicine researchers cautions that popular chatbots are perpetuating racist, debunked medical ideas, prompting concerns that the tools could worsen health disparities for Black patients.
	Generating clean electricity with chicken feathers The food industry generates enormous amounts of waste and by-products, including from poultry production. Each year, some 40 million metric tons of chicken feathers are incinerated. This not only releases large amounts of CO2, but also produces toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide.
	Self-assembled monolayer paves the way for adapting perovskite solar cells for renewable energy A step forward in the evolution of perovskite solar cells recorded by researchers at City University of Hong Kong (CityU) will have significant implications for renewable energy development.
	Electric truck maker Rivian says construction on 1st phase of Georgia factory will proceed in 2024 Rivian Automotive will move ahead with construction on a factory in Georgia early next year, the company confirmed Thursday.
	Music companies sue Anthropic AI over song lyrics Universal and other music publishers have sued artificial intelligence company Anthropic in a US court for using copyrighted lyrics to train its AI systems and in generating answers to user queries.
	New approach for car battery recycling, using less energy and fewer hazardous chemicals University of Birmingham researchers have announced a new approach for recycling the highest value component of end-of-life electric car batteries, the battery cathode, that is less energy-intensive and uses less hazardous chemicals than current recycling methods.
	Identifying the maker of an artwork by fingerprint examination Dzemila Sero, now Migelien Gerritzen Fellow at the Rijksmuseum and former postdoc at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, together with a team of researchers from the Rijksmuseum, Leiden and Cambridge University, examined the terracotta sculpture "Study for a Hovering Putto" attributed to Laurent Delvaux (1696–1778) and housed in the Rijksmuseum permanent collection.
	New York tidal energy project helps researchers explore recyclable materials for renewable energy tech On a gray, foggy day in May 2021, a rust-kissed barge carried three shed-sized tidal turbines—each mounted on the points of a triangular steel frame—through New York City's East River. Although the three turbines appeared to be identical, one was a doppelganger, built from an entirely new kind of resin that could help decarbonize even the most sustainable clean energy technologies, like tidal energy turbines.
	Four environmental red flags to watch out for when buying your new home Have you ever contemplated purchasing an environmentally friendly home but found yourself unsure of where to begin? I can relate if so, as I was in your shoes about a year ago when I set out to purchase my first home.
	A new doctoral thesis unlocks the potential of fast pyrolysis to tackle waste management In a world where sustainable solutions are gaining ever-increasing importance, a new doctoral dissertation has illuminated a path toward a greener future. By delving into the complex process of fast pyrolysis of biomass, new insights were gained about how we can harness renewable resources, for example residual products from agriculture and forestry.
	New method could reshape future software development Sebastian Hönel from Linnaeus University has, in his computer science dissertation, introduced a new method to measure and enhance the quality of software processes. The method focuses on understanding how software is developed and the changes that occur over time. By utilizing digital data from the development process combined with expert- and data-driven analysis, one can predict issues and decide on potential improvements.
	A review of energy supply for biomachine hybrid robots Bio-machine hybrid robots (BHRs) represent a new generation of micro-aerial vehicles that be controlled by building an interface between biological and artificial systems. In contrast to conventional bionic robots, they are free of complex mechanical structures, and due to the direct adoption of the animal body, they have superior movement characteristics and lower energy demand. Thus, BHRs can be applied in many important scenarios, such as urban and wilderness rescue operations, environmental monitoring and hazardous area surveys.
	An algorithm predicts the academic performance of distance education students A team from the University of Cordoba has designed a model that predicts the performance of online education students, dividing them into four categories and helping professors give more personalized assistance to each student, tailored to their situations
	Standards in the field of open source hardware: Open tools used for a security chip The HEP research project has presented an open, flexible design for a security chip. The project, "Hardening the value chain through open source, trusted EDA tools and processors (HEP)," uses open source, free components and tools to manufacture a chip at the IHP fab—the Leibniz-Institute for High Performance Microelectronics. The easy accessibility of the used process sets new standards for development times and significantly reduces the learning curve for chip design.
	Thierry Breton: the Frenchman taking on US big tech The European Union's self-styled digital enforcer, Thierry Breton, doesn't mince his words when it comes to big tech.
	The dams are full for now—but Sydney will need new water supplies as rainfall becomes less reliable When Australia last went into El Niño, we had water supply issues in Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne.
	UK's first local Net Zero Carbon planning policy likely to drive more efficient buildings and cut energy bills: Review The UK's first Net Zero Carbon planning policy is likely to establish significant carbon savings in new buildings and reduce energy bills for occupants, a study has found.

Chemistry news

	Wobbly gel mat trains muscle cells to work together There's no doubt that exercise does a body good, including strengthening and toning our muscles. But how exactly does exercise make this happen?
	Broad-spectrum antiviral candidate targets dengue and SARS-CoV-2 A broad-spectrum antiviral drug candidate, 2-thiouridine, that targets positive-strand RNA viruses has been identified and characterized.
	Dinuclear ruthenium complex as a photocatalyst for selective CO2 reduction to CO Similar to the process of photosynthesis in plants, the conversion and storage of solar energy into chemical energy hold significant promise for addressing critical energy and environmental challenges, including the depletion of fossil fuels and threat of global warming. One promising avenue in this pursuit involves harnessing light energy to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals.
	Sustainable cosmetics: Harnessing cyanobacteria for natural active ingredients The cosmetics industry is turning towards natural alternatives to chemical agents used in products to pave the way towards a more sustainable future.
	New class of recyclable polymer materials could one day help reduce single-use plastic waste Hundreds of millions of tons of single-use plastic ends up in landfills every year, and even the small percentage of plastic that gets recycled can't last forever. But our group of materials scientists has developed a new method for creating and deconstructing polymers that could lead to more easily recycled plastics—ones that don't require you to carefully sort out all your recycling on trash day.
	Rancid food smells and tastes gross—AI tools may help scientists prevent that spoilage Have you ever bitten into a nut or a piece of chocolate, expecting a smooth, rich taste, only to encounter an unexpected and unpleasant chalky or sour flavor? That taste is rancidity in action, and it affects pretty much every product in your pantry. Now artificial intelligence can help scientists tackle this issue more precisely and efficiently.
	Soft, living materials made with algae glow under stress A team of researchers led by the University of California San Diego has developed soft yet durable materials that glow in response to mechanical stress, such as compression, stretching or twisting. The materials derive their luminescence from single-celled algae known as dinoflagellates.
	Predicting potential problems of persistent plastic particulates Plastics monopolize our household accessories due to their low cost and versatility. Unfortunately, the lack of proper disposal measures has led to widespread proliferation of these non-biodegradables into the natural environment. Although plastics do not generally break down via biological processes, they age and disintegrate via chemical reactions.

Biology news

	Why 10 billion snow crabs starved to death in the Bering Sea A team of marine biologists with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Alaska Fishery Science Center has solved the mystery of why approximately 10 billion snow crabs vanished from the Bering Sea back in 2018/2019—the water there was too warm for them.
	How cord-like aggregates of bacteria lead to tuberculosis infections The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), a serious respiratory infection, to form snake-like cords was first noted nearly 80 years ago. In a study published October 20 in the journal Cell, investigators report the biophysical mechanisms by which these cords form and demonstrate how several generations of dividing bacteria hang together to create these structures that enable resistance to antibiotics.
	Does urbanization trigger plant evolution? Urbanization and human activities have transformed a significant proportion of the land on Earth, resulting in the formation of urban environments. These urban environments are man-made habitats that often impose several selective pressures on their inhabitants.
	Study shows maternal microbiota can affect fetal development In a Finnish study, significant differences in the gene activity of the fetal intestine, brain and placenta were identified, depending on the microbes in the mother's body and the compounds produced by them. The findings indicate that maternal microbes are important to her offspring's development and health.
	New research finds marine bacteria ditched their flagella and other traits when migrating back to the ocean Scientists have discovered flagella in an unexpected place: hot spring-dwelling bacteria from the phylum Chloroflexota. Research shows that flagella were lost in other forms of Chloroflexota that adapted to marine environments hundreds of millions of years ago.
	Loss of plant biodiversity can reduce soil carbon sequestration in grasslands, suggests global study One third of the global terrestrial carbon stock is stored in grasslands. A new global study implies that this stock may decrease as plant biodiversity is reduced, especially in warm and arid areas. The reason is that a species-poor vegetation seems to decompose faster in the soil. The study was led by Marie Spohn from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
	Why some worms regenerate and others do not Why are so few species able to regenerate damaged or missing body parts, even though regeneration might seem an obvious survival advantage? Researchers at the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen, Germany, and colleagues have now found a possible explanation in planarian flatworms. Analyzing head regeneration abilities in a large collection of planarian species, they found that these capacities vary greatly and depend on how the different species reproduce.
	Insights for crop breeding in the face of climate change With the aid of innovative statistical methods, researchers explore the complex interplay between life cycle, environmental factors and genetic information using wheat as an example.
	Plants in the Cerrado combine at least two strategies to survive fire, study shows In an article published in the journal Flora, researchers at São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Brazil examine some of the strategies developed over eons of evolution by plants in the Cerrado, Brazil's savanna-like biome, to protect themselves and resprout quickly after fire.
	Optimizing cytochrome P450 network for high-level production of quillaic acid Researchers from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a combinatorial optimization approach to construct and spatially control a cytochrome P450-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYP-CPR) network in an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to boost quillaic acid production.
	Study results indicate organophosphorus flame retardants induce malformations in avian embryos Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) is one of the organophosphorus flame retardants that has been detected in the environment, and in the eggs, feathers, and liver of birds. Early developmental avian embryos are known to be sensitive to chemical exposure, but knowledge regarding the effects of TCIPP on avian embryonic development is limited.
	Researchers develop novel data representation for transcription factor-binding sequences The diverse characteristics of the human body's various cells are reflected in their gene expression patterns. The regulation of such gene expression is based on transcription factors that bind to specific sequences in the genome.
	Namibia and Angola's remote Ovahimba mountains reveal a haven for unique plants—new survey The Kaokoveld region, covering north-western Namibia and south-western Angola, is one of the remotest areas in southern Africa. Although it's extremely dry, it is a center of species endemism: many species occur only there and nowhere else on earth.
	At the foreshore of sustainable fishing: A new tool to tackle seafood fraud Warming waters due to climate change, pollution, overfishing and fraud in the seafood supply chain means that knowing where your seafood comes from, and that it has been sourced sustainably and without forced labor, is as important as ever.
	Assessing organohalogen contamination impact on the health of Baltic Atlantic salmon The Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) consists of both wild and hatchery-reared fish. As these salmon forage for food, they migrate through various areas of the Baltic Sea and are exposed to a variety of environmental stresses, including exposure to organohalogen compounds (OHCs).
	China's 'Great Green Wall' boosts carbon sink, study finds Since 1978, China has been building a "Great Green Wall" of trees and shrubs across its arid and semi-arid regions to combat desertification and improve the environment. Known as the Three-North Afforestation Program (TNAP), it is the largest ecological restoration project in the world, covering the northeast, north-central and northwest regions of China.
	How free-roaming cats impact wildlife, disease transmission Cats are hunters by nature, which is why it's not uncommon for an outdoor cat to bring home a "gift," left on their owner's doorstep.
	Scientists develop model to predict endocrine disruption by environmental contaminants in seals The ability of bisphenols and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls to activate estrogen receptor α and β subtypes (bsERα and bsERβ) in Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica) was evaluated by both in vitro and computer-based (in silico) experiments.
	Why you should count your chickens (and kookaburras, lorikeets or other backyard birds) This year is the tenth annual Aussie Backyard Bird Count, which Professor Simon Griffith says highlights the important role citizen science projects play in our understanding of changes taking place in our world.
	Soil carried on sea freight loaded with dangerous pests and diseases: Study Often introduced unintentionally by human activities, invasive alien species can outcompete and overwhelm native flora and fauna, driving species to the brink of extinction and disrupting the balance of ecosystems. Understanding why exactly they establish in new locations and how they got there in the first place is crucial if we are to mitigate their destructive effects. Unfortunately, there isn't enough research on this, and the answers might not always be straightforward.
	The first Miocene fossils from coastal woodlands in the southern East African Rift An international team, with participation by the Geochronology and Geology Program of the Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), has published a paper in the journal iScience on the first Miocene mammal fossils found in East Africa, specifically, in the Gorongosa National Park (Mozambique), a coastal woodland setting fundamental to comprehending the evolution of the African ecosystems and how these may have had an impact in the evolution and adaptation of the hominin lineage.
	Most people would welcome more trees and wildflower meadows in their townscapes, UK survey finds Recent collaboration between Bangor University and the UK Center for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) has shown that most people want more nature like trees and wildflowers in their towns and cities.

Medicine and Health news

	Consistent lack of sleep related to future depressive symptoms, genetic study finds Consistently sleeping less than five hours a night might raise the risk of developing depressive symptoms, according to a new genetic study led by UCL (University College London) researchers.
	Deep dive into the gut unlocks new disease treatments The more diverse species in your gut, the better it is for your health. Now an international team led by the Hudson Institute of Medical Research has found a way to determine which species are important and how they interact to create a healthy microbiome.
	Why do some men not produce sperm? Scientists uncover one underlying reason for male infertility Millions of couples worldwide experience infertility with half of the cases originating in men. For 10% of infertile males, little or no sperm are produced. Now, new research from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, in collaboration with the Wellcome Center for Cell Biology at the University of Edinburgh, is shedding light on what may be going wrong in the process of sperm formation, leading to potential theories on possible treatments.
	Combining immunotherapy and radiation in soft tissue sarcoma Combining immunotherapy with radiation could be a promising treatment option for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma, according to the results of a clinical trial led by Northwestern Medicine investigators published in JAMA Oncology.
	Scientists record powerful signal in the brain's white matter The human brain is made up of two kinds of matter: the nerve cell bodies (gray matter), which process sensation, control voluntary movement, and enable speech, learning and cognition, and the axons (white matter), which connect cells to each other and project to the rest of the body.
	Antibiotic treatment in malnourished children improves gut microbiome development, study shows Malnutrition threatens the lives of millions of children under age 5, causing about 500,000 deaths per year in low- and middle-income countries. Short courses of antibiotics paired with a therapeutic peanut butter-based food are the standard of care for treating severe acute malnutrition in children—but using antibiotics in this vulnerable population is controversial; public health experts worry about the worsening problem of antibiotic resistance.
	Study shows promise for iNKT cell platform to treat cancer Allogeneic invariant natural killer T cells (allo-iNKTs) from a healthy donor have been shown to have therapeutic effects in treatment-resistant cancers and improve survival from COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure in previous studies.
	Exploring the brain basis of concepts by using a new type of neural network The influence of language on human thinking could be stronger than previously assumed. This is the result of a new study by Professor Friedemann Pulvermüller and his team from the Brain Language Laboratory at Freie Universität Berlin.
	With breast cancer risks, where you live matters, researchers find Inadequate health care access, unhealthy diets and not enough exercise are all well-known risk factors for the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in women—breast cancer—but what was never clear is why death rates for the disease differ regionally.
	Study supports potential for injectable 'chemical vaccine' for malaria using atovaquone Johns Hopkins researchers looking to develop a long-acting, injectable malaria preventive using atovaquone have shown in a new study that resistance may not be the challenge scientists thought it was, particularly when using atovaquone as a malaria preventive. Malaria parasites in infected patients being treated with atovaquone tend to develop a resistance to the drug. Because of this, atovaquone by itself is not used as a malaria treatment nor has not been seen as a strong candidate for use as a preventive.
	Team looking at gene therapy for children paralyzed by rare mutations The 50 families stretch from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to the United States and China. Each family has a child who is paralyzed from a mutation in a single gene named Contactin-Associated Protein 1 (Cntnap1).
	Study on largest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's points toward new drug target If you're one of the nearly 25 percent of people with the gene variant known as APOE4, you have a higher-than-average chance of developing Alzheimer's disease. But while scientists have long known that APOE4 leads to changes in the brain that can contribute to dementia, the exact mechanism of that effect has been unclear.
	Army of specialized T cells may trigger asthma attacks in older men Scientists from La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) and The University of Southampton, UK, have uncovered a group of immune cells that may drive severe asthma. These cells, called cytotoxic CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells, gather in the lungs and appear to possess the molecular weaponry to cause the most harm in men who developed asthma later in life.
	First-of-its kind hormone replacement treatment shows promise in patient trials A first-of-its kind hormone replacement therapy that more closely replicates the natural circadian and ultradian rhythms of our hormones has shown to improve symptoms in patients with adrenal conditions. Results from the University of Bristol-led clinical trial are published today in the Journal of Internal Medicine.
	Body image, social media and gender biases associated with kids quitting sports Body image issues, social media, gender biases and coaching styles may be causing young athletes to quit sports, according to research presented by Nemours Children's Health at the 2023 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) National Conference & Exhibition.
	Parents of toddlers getting facts about popular nut milks and dairy substitutes from nonmedical influencers and bloggers Parents of young children under age 5, interested in alternatives to dairy milk, like nut and rice milks, are finding information online, and almost half of the most popular bloggers on this topic were neither dieticians or medical professionals, according to research presented during the 2023 AAP National Conference & Exhibition at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
	New report spills the milk on toddler 'formulas,' questions marketing of drinks Toddler "formulas" that are promoted as nutritious drinks for the older infant or preschooler are generally unnecessary and nutritionally incomplete, and the marketing practices that promote them are questionable, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.
	One of four youth screen positive for suicide risk in ED; 80% of transgender, gender diverse youth screen positive Nearly 80% of emergency department encounters involving transgender or gender diverse youth ages 10 and older screened positive for suicide risk while seeking treatment at a Chicago emergency department over a 3.5-year period, according to research presented during the 2023 AAP National Conference & Exhibition at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
	Delta-8 and its online availability to minors raises concerns Delta-8 is a substance that produces a high akin to THC. While THC is a federally banned substance, delta-8 is technically a different chemical and is therefore not federally banned. New research suggests the growing popularity of delta-8 is largely rooted in how delta-8 companies market the product to minors.
	Electric hair styling products found to be a common cause of burn injuries in children Electronic hair styling products like curling irons are a common cause of burn injuries around the home, particularly among young children, resulting in almost 31,000 burns in children and young people between 2013-22, according to research presented during the 2023 AAP National Conference & Exhibition at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
	Adolescents and young adults open to discussing sexual identity and gender identity with doctors, research finds Teenagers and young adults are fairly open to the idea of talking with their doctors and nurses about their sexual orientation and gender identity, and are okay being asked through various methods, whether on paper, electronically, or in person, according to research presented during the 2023 AAP National Conference & Exhibition at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
	Live streaming platform 'Twitch' poses risks for minors who may be manipulated, preyed upon, says new research  A popular live streaming platform, Twitch, poses risks to minors who can interact with adult strangers and donate money to streamers without the supervision of a parent or guardian, according to research presented during the 2023 AAP National Conference & Exhibition at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
	Father's postpartum depression found to double child's odds of adverse childhood experiences before age 5  A father's depression during his child's first year of life has been associated with difficulties in parenting and child behavior, but new research finds that it also doubles the odds of a child having three or more adverse childhood experiences by age 5.
	Child injuries due to high-powered magnet ingestion continue despite public education efforts and age restrictions Despite efforts to educate the general public about the dangers of high-powered magnet toys, children continue to be injured by the small, high-powered, rare-earth balls after they swallow them or insert them into their nose or ear—even in households where parents fully understand the dangers of the toys, according to research presented during the 2023 AAP National Conference & Exhibition at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
	Research finds Black children more than twice as likely to die of sepsis at one hospital A retrospective analysis of pediatric sepsis deaths at a large hospital in Arkansas found that Black children in the hospital were 2.5 times more likely to die of sepsis than white patients, according to research presented during the 2023 AAP National Conference & Exhibition at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
	Electric scooter injuries increased more than 70% in youth age 18 and younger from 2020–2021, says new analysis As standing electric scooters (e-scooters) have become an increasingly popular mode of transportation, new research finds a 71% increase in injuries reported in children and teens ages 18 and younger from 2020 to 2021, with limited use of helmets resulting in the head as the most injured body part.
	Marching band injuries strike a wrong note in emergency departments Marching band is a physically demanding task and performance art that can lead to injury similar to organized athletic activities. New research shows that 70% of marching band-related injuries reported to emergency departments over a 9-year period occurred in high school-age females, with most injuries to the ankles and knees.
	Muscle dysmorphia linked to suicidal ideation and planning in adolescents and young adults A new study published in the journal Suicidal and Life-Threatening Behavior found that muscle dysmorphia are associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents and young adults in Canada.
	Live birth more likely in assisted reproductive technology cycles with gestational carrier The likelihood of live birth is increased among assisted reproductive technology cycles 'with' versus 'without' a gestational carrier, according to a research letter published online Oct. 18 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
	Study suggest female teens with family history of mood disorder prone to weight gain Female offspring of parents with mood disorders have increased z body mass index (BMI) compared with controls of unaffected parents starting at about 12 years of age, according to a study published online Oct. 19 in JAMA Network Open.
	New peer-based service helps callers navigate America's complex mental health care system The gaps in the U.S. mental health system are too numerous to count, but perhaps the most harrowing one is at the front door, at entry. Who do you call? Where exactly do you turn when a loved one goes off-track? How do you find an unbiased, knowledgeable guide to appropriate support?
	Can you get COVID-19 and the flu at the same time? Influenza, COVID-19, the common cold and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are among the respiratory viruses that will be circulating this fall and winter seasons. These highly contagious viruses cause similar symptoms, making it difficult to differentiate between them.
	Does suspending kids from school harm their grades and health? Being suspended from school or sent to the office is tied to a big drop in grade point average (GPA), especially for Black and Latinx children, according to UC San Francisco researchers.
	Moving muscle fibers with magnets 'programs' how they align within tissue Stimulating muscle fibers with magnets causes them to grow in the same direction, aligning muscle cells within tissue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Boston University investigators report October 20 in the journal Device. The findings offer a simpler, less time-consuming way for medical researchers to program muscle cell alignment, which is strongly tied to healthy muscle function.
	A cancer survival calculator is being developed using artificial intelligence Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI)–based tool for estimating a newly diagnosed cancer patient's chances for surviving long term, according to a study presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023.
	Study links school redistricting to higher rates of firearm violence in urban communities Adjustments in school boundaries and other forms of school redistricting have been linked to spikes in shooting-related injuries in urban areas, according to new study results being presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023.
	East Los Angeles program to remove tattoos may help reduce traumatic injuries Tattoo removal may help to reduce violence and trauma in East Los Angeles, according to study results being presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023.
	More than 7,500 daily steps prior to surgery is associated with lower risk of postoperative complications Patients who recorded more walking activity prior to surgery, regardless of complexity of the operation or their health status, showed 51% reduced odds for postoperative complications than less active patients, according to research findings being presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023.
	An injured child's chance of surviving improves when treated at a trauma center prepared to care for children Children initially treated at trauma centers with the highest level of preparedness to care for children, called pediatric readiness, are significantly less likely to die than those initially treated at trauma facilities with lower pediatric readiness levels, new research shows. The findings are being presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023.
	Pediatric trauma more common during COVID-19 pandemic, especially for children in disadvantaged neighborhoods Injuries from gunshots and motor vehicle crashes increased among children and teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, according to new research being presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023.
	Reliable patient education materials on breast cancer are difficult to access, research finds Women with breast cancer must often make complex decisions about surgery and treatment options during an already stressful time in their lives, and many of these women may turn to the wide variety of materials available online. New research presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023 has found that reliable educational materials about breast surgery are not only difficult to assess but are also presented at much higher reading levels than recommended.
	A month after a pig heart transplant, man works to regain strength with no rejection so far It's been a month since a Maryland man became the second person to receive a transplanted heart from a pig –- and hospital video released Friday shows he's working hard to recover.
	First oral neurosteroid treatment for postpartum depression approved On Aug. 4, 2023, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved zuranolone (Zurzuvae) as the first oral neurosteroid treatment for postpartum depression (PPD) in women.
	Advanced laser spectroscopy detects falsified vaccines An international consortium of multidisciplinary researchers and specialists has developed a new method to counter the problem of COVID-19 vaccine falsification.
	New clinical trial guidelines set to increase transparency and support progress in developing new therapies New guidelines have been developed to help researchers ensure that their clinical trial protocols and reports are complete, high-quality and transparent. Increased consistency across these documents will facilitate comparisons between different studies and reduce research inefficiencies.
	Insomnia and mental disorders are linked, but exactly how is still a mystery The 2004 movie "The Machinist" gives us a striking depiction, albeit a fictional one, of the psychological effects of chronic insomnia.
	Why do I bruise so easily? Could it be something serious? After a bump, we can expect a bruise. But what if we find ourselves bruising without any noticeable cause? What might be behind it? Should we worry?
	CBD: Why recommended daily dose was lowered from 70mg to 10mg by UK food regulator Since 2018 when the UK parliament passed legislation legalizing CBD, the non-psychoactive component of cannabis, sales of CBD-related products have skyrocketed. Today, you can buy CBD oil, CBD vape pens, CBD coffee, CBD muffins to go with your CBD coffee … CBD everything. And these products are often sold with various vague promises of increased wellness.
	How children's secure attachment sets the stage for positive well-being Attachment theory—is the idea that how a parent consistently responds to their child's needs forms how a child "attaches" to a caregiver —has a long history, spanning a half a century of scientific research.
	Focused listening study explores the healing charms of music New research published in Musicae Scientiae reveals people who focus deeply on music can have strong emotional reactions—across the full range of emotions—that can have significant therapeutic benefits.
	New treatment for postpartum depression offers hope, but the stigma attached to the condition still lingers Postpartum depression can affect anyone, and it often sneaks in quietly, like a shadow in the corners of a new mother's life. It presents significant challenges for around 1 in 7 new mothers, affecting their emotional well-being and overall quality of life and that of the newborn.
	Study reveals surge in use of weight loss-linked drugs in California health system In a first-of-its-kind study, researchers from the University of California, Irvine have discovered an extraordinary surge in the utilization of weight loss-associated GLP-1 receptor agonists, a class of medications commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, that is poised to accelerate, based on emerging clinical evidence. A GLP-1 agonist is a drug that activates certain receptors in the brain and pancreas.
	Researchers root US maternal health disparities in the social environment Monica Keith, assistant professor of Anthropology, recently published insights into the complex factors contributing to maternal hypertension and health disparities in a paper titled, "Social Determinant Pathways to Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Nulliparous U.S. Women" in the journal Women's Health Issues.
	Keeping a human in the loop: Managing the ethics of AI in medicine Artificial intelligence (AI)—of ChatGPT fame—is increasingly used in medicine to improve diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to avoid unnecessary screening for patients. But AI medical devices could also harm patients and worsen health inequities if they are not designed, tested, and used with care, according to an international task force that included a University of Rochester Medical Center bioethicist.
	Women with a heart healthy diet in midlife are less likely to report cognitive decline later: Study Women with diets during middle age designed to lower blood pressure were about 17% less likely to report memory loss and other signs of cognitive decline decades later, a new study finds.
	New study demonstrates promise of engineering gut bacteria to treat hypertension Scientists at The University of Toledo have proven that engineered bacteria can lower blood pressure, a finding that opens new doors in the pursuit of harnessing our body's own microbiome to treat hypertension.
	New perspective argues pursuing fair AI for health care requires cross-disciplinary collaboration Pursuing fair artificial intelligence (AI) for health care requires collaboration between experts across disciplines, says a global team of scientists led by Duke-NUS Medical School in a new perspective published in npj Digital Medicine.
	Pupil response may shed light on who responds best to transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression New findings from researchers at UCLA Health suggest that measuring changes in how pupils react to light could help predict recovery from depression and personalize transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment of major depressive disorder.
	PFAS remain a concern for hormone health, scientists conclude At this critical junction for EU chemicals legislation, the independent scientific voice took center stage at the 5th Annual Forum on Endocrine Disruptors. Together with an impressive number of concerned stakeholders, they called for the immediate adoption implementation of better EU legislation.
	Don't expect a thoughtless friend's guilt to match your rising level of anger: Researchers When a friend messes up—forgets a birthday, blows off plans or doesn't pull their weight—it's normal for you to feel angry and for them to feel guilty. And if they mess up again, it's tempting to assume their guilt will increase as your temperature rises.
	Study: Increases in pediatric mental health emergency visits persist throughout pandemic Mental health crises among children and adolescents requiring emergency department care skyrocketed during the pandemic and have stayed elevated despite a return to normalcy, according to a study by Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian investigators.
	Kidney disease found to impact weight loss after bariatric surgery Early-stage chronic kidney disease has a negative impact on short-term weight loss outcomes after bariatric metabolic surgery, according to a study published online Oct. 10 in Obesity Surgery.
	Tolerable treatments lacking for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes There is a clear, unmet need for tolerable treatments that can produce durable remission among patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS), according to a study published online Sept. 7 in Leukemia & Lymphoma.
	Use of high-frequency electrical stimulation device after C-section associated with reduced opioid use Use of a high-frequency electrical stimulation device after cesarean delivery is associated with reduced opioid use, according to a study published online Oct. 20 in JAMA Network Open.
	High risk for psychiatric disorders seen before dementia diagnosis Patients with dementia have markedly increased risks for psychiatric disorders before dementia diagnosis, according to a study published online Oct. 17 in JAMA Network Open.
	Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation beneficial in pediatric IBD For pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate inflammatory bowel disease, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) attenuates signs and symptoms of disease, according to a study published online Oct. 18 in Bioelectric Medicine.
	Q&A: Dispelling myths about stuttering Nervousness. Stress. Shyness. Speaking more than one language. Thinking too quickly.
	Contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers create potential for health risks Cannabis use, even for medical purposes, could make some people sick due to harmful fungi that contaminate the plants.
	New policy statement proposes bold reforms to improve children's access to health care Today, the American Academy of Pediatrics calls for sweeping changes to Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) to provide more consistent and equitable coverage and ensure children can access the care they need to grow and thrive. These two programs provide invaluable and critical health care coverage for almost half of all US children and youth, most of whom would have no insurance without them.
	Daiichi Sankyo soars on $22bn Merck cancer drugs deal Shares in Japan's Daiichi Sankyo soared on Friday after the pharma group announced a major cancer drug deal with US giant Merck worth up to $22 billion.
	Does soy increase breast cancer risk? It has sparked numerous debates. Is there a connection between soy and breast cancer? Soy contains isoflavones, which are plant estrogens. High estrogen levels have been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. However, studies show that soy products don't contain high enough levels of estrogen to increase the chances of developing breast cancer.
	On nutrition: Why kids love sweets My nine-year-old grandson recently told me the bits of spinach in my tortellini soup were his "worst nightmare." A bit over-dramatic, don't you think?
	Analysis reveals the Western Sydney suburbs at ground zero of the gambling epidemic New analysis reveals just three areas in Western Sydney are at the epicenter of gambling related harm in the region, accounting for one-third of all Sydney's poker machine losses.
	Gut microbiota-derived 7-DHC found to ameliorate circadian rhythm disorders and inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract categorized into ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Currently, aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, immunomodulating drugs, and biological agents are common strategies for the treatment of IBD. The efficacy of these therapies is limited, however, and they are frequently associated with multiple adverse effects.
	Tooth whitening: Expert help on getting a brighter smile People want whiter teeth, surveys show, and the American Dental Association (ADA) has some advice on how to accomplish that.
	Put these foods on your grocery list for better vision Nutrition is important for your whole body, including those two small organs through which you look at the world.
	CVS pulling popular cold meds from shelves after report deems them to be useless CVS Health plans to pull cold medications that contain phenylephrine from its store shelves after federal regulators determined recently that the decongestant doesn't work.
	Menopause bring new risks for women's heart health The risk of having heart disease grows as a woman ages, so women need to be familiar with their heart disease risk factors, the American Heart Association (AHA) says.

Other Sciences news

	Analysis reveals that harsh workplace climate is pushing women out of academia Women faculty are more likely to leave academia than men faculty throughout all career stages in U.S. universities, University of Colorado Boulder researchers revealed in the most comprehensive analysis of retention in academia to date.
	Challenging prehistoric gender roles: Research finds that women were hunters, too It's a familiar story to many of us: In prehistoric times, men were hunters and women were gatherers. Women were not physically capable of hunting because their anatomy was different from men. And because men were hunters, they drove human evolution.
	Dingoes given 'almost-human' status in pre-colonial Australia, archaeological study finds It's said that a dog is a man's best friend, but the wild dingo is much maligned in Australia. This may not always have been the case though, with new research led by experts at The Australian National University and The University of Western Australia suggesting that dingoes were buried—and even domesticated—by First Nations people prior to European colonization.
	Some kids with reading difficulties can also have reading anxiety—what can parents do? Australian children are facing some big challenges. NAPLAN data shows about one in three students in years 3 to 9 are behind in reading-related skills. It is also estimated about one in seven children have poor mental health.
	New 'healing' prison in Ireland points to long history of progressive penal reform Ireland has formally opened the new women's wing of the Limerick prison.
	Science lessons across Europe come to life through a push towards 'open schooling' In a part of Sweden northeast of Stockholm, Nina Berglund likes trying out new ways to teach her science students aged 10 to 12.
	Q&A: The rise of younger, less experienced bosses in the workplace If you're older than your boss, you're not alone.
	New data show employee owned businesses deliver an 8 to 12% productivity boost New research suggests the fast-growing UK employee ownership sector is markedly outperforming the UK's national productivity trend while simultaneously contributing to employee well-being, fair pay, community resilience and commitment to net zero.
	Study finds mainstream Christians and non-religious equally likely to use online pornography The use of web tracking panel data provides new insights into Germans' online pornography use. According to new research published in Archives of Sexual Behavior, German Catholics, Protestants, and the religiously unaffiliated are as likely to use online pornography as each other. By comparison, members of minority religions in Germany, such as Muslims or Orthodox Christians, are less likely to use online pornography.
	Researchers peer into the black box of airline pricing and find some surprises Buy your ticket on a Tuesday. Search in your browser's incognito mode. Use a VPN to pretend you live in Suriname.
	COVID-19-related jail decarceration did not affect crime in California, study suggests Since 2011, California has significantly reformed its criminal justice system, reducing the size of its prison population, with no effect on violent crime and only marginal impacts on property crime statewide. The COVID-19 pandemic furthered decarceration as the state reduced state prison and jail populations to slow the spread of the virus.
	Opinion: Education is the responsibility of the state—care of young children should be too Parents face eye-watering costs for childcare in the UK. A part-time nursery place for a child under two sets parents in Britain back, on average, £7,134 a year.
	NZ's always-on culture has stretched the 8-hour workday—should the law contain a right to disconnect? When Wellington carpenter Samuel Parnell began the struggle for an eight-hour working day back in 1840, he could have never foreseen how modern work culture would evolve. But he would no doubt empathize with the challenges faced by today's workers.

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