Science X Newsletter Fri, Oct 13

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 13, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A promising molecular catalyst for aqueous polysulfide-based redox flow batteries

Scientists explain unique formation of ancient algae that evolved photosynthesis and oxygenated the planet

Special wildlife exits on busy roads help protect endangered ocelots

Research shows wildfire smoke may linger in homes long after initial blaze

First known and well-preserved terror bird footprints found in Argentina

Reexamination of ancient jawbone found in Ethiopia concludes it came from Homo erectus infant

Canadian cannabis legalization linked to increased and decreased hospitalization, depending on the province

Researchers measure global consensus over the ethical use of AI

Opioid limits didn't change surgery patients' experience, study shows

Targeting a coronavirus ion channel could yield new COVID-19 drugs

Could the nerve cells that scratch be the solution for itch?

Manipulating nonlinear exciton polaritons in a WS2 monolayer with artificial lattices

Officially extinct fish is alive and well, according to DNA analyses

New study reveals the influence of natural climate drivers on extreme monsoons in Pakistan

Neanderthal cuisine: Excavations reveal Neanderthals were as intelligent as Homo sapiens

Nanotechnology news

Lanthanide-doped KMgF₃ upconversion nanoparticles for photon avalanche luminescence Lanthanide (Ln3+)-doped photon avalanche (PA) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be applied in super-resolution bioimaging, miniaturized lasers, single-molecule tracking and quantum optics.

Physics news

	Manipulating nonlinear exciton polaritons in a WS2 monolayer with artificial lattices Exciton polaritons, hybrid quasiparticles caused by the strong exciton-photon coupling, constitute a unique prototype for studying many-body physics and quantum photonic phenomena traditionally in cryogenic conditions.
	Interplay of free electrons: Tailored electron pulses for improved electron microscopy Electron microscopes provide unique vistas of nanoscale structures, but their resolution is limited by the mutual repulsion of electrons. Researchers in Göttingen have now succeeded in precisely measuring the influence of these interactions. They discovered an "energetic fingerprint" in which the distribution of the electrons' velocities is characteristic of their respective numbers. This finding has enabled the team to develop a method that could increase the performance of established electron microscopes and open up a new interface between electron microscopy and quantum technology.
	New method to observe the orbital Hall effect may improve spintronics applications In a new breakthrough, researchers have used a novel technique to confirm a previously undetected physics phenomenon that could be used to improve data storage in the next generation of computer devices.
	Collating data on droplet properties to trace and localize the sources of infectious particles A team of atmospheric scientists, chemists and infectious disease specialists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, working with colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamical Systems, the University of Denver, Georg August University and St. Petersburg State University, has embarked on an effort to collate publicly available information on droplet properties, such as the way they are distributed by size, their composition, and the ways they are emitted, as a means of helping to develop mitigation strategies for fighting infectious agents.
	Deep self-learning enables volumetric microscopy with 3D isotropic resolution Volumetric fluorescence microscopy is an indispensable tool for comprehensive studies of cells and organs. Since the specimens are inherently three-dimensional (3D), the optimal imaging system should possess high spatial resolution in all directions.
	Improving luminescence efficiency and thermal stability of NIR-emitting phosphors Near-infrared (NIR)-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) have attracted attention in emerging technology fields such as night-vision and bio-imaging. Currently, the development of NIR-emitting pc-LEDs has encountered a bottleneck due to the lack of blue-light excitable high-performance NIR-emitting phosphor materials.

Earth news

	Research shows wildfire smoke may linger in homes long after initial blaze Newly published research on indoor air quality from Colorado State University shows wildfire smoke may linger in homes long after the initial blaze has been put out or winds have shifted.
	New study reveals the influence of natural climate drivers on extreme monsoons in Pakistan A new study by researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory looks at some of the influences that could be driving the increasingly severe weather over Pakistan.
	Research reveal large swings in past ocean oxygen As the climate warms, there is major concern that Earth's ocean will lose oxygen. A study published in Geophysical Research Letters by oceanographers at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa revealed that locked in ancient deep-sea sediments is evidence for oxygen loss in the world's ocean during past glacial periods, indicating that widespread oxygen loss with current climate change may not be permanent.
	Study investigates impact of extreme weather events on ocean circulation in tropical Pacific The strength of the wind has an important influence on ocean circulation. This is particularly true for extreme events such as storm fronts, tropical storms and cyclones. These weather patterns, which last from a few days to a few weeks, will change in the future due to climate change. In particular, the average energy input into the ocean from mid-latitude storms is expected to decrease, while equatorial regions will become more active. Scientists call these different weather patterns "Atmospheric Synoptic Variability" (ASV).
	What phytoplankton physiology has to do with global climate Phytoplankton, tiny photosynthetic organisms in the ocean, play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and influence Earth's climate. A new study reveals how variations in the physiology of phytoplankton, particularly regarding nutrient uptake, can impact the chemical composition of the ocean and even the atmosphere. This suggests that changes in marine phytoplankton physiology can affect global climate.
	Disasters cause $3.8 trillion in crop losses over 30 years: FAO Natural and man-made disasters have caused $3.8 trillion in crop and livestock losses over 30 years, the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization said on Friday.
	Researchers find 3 types of food wasters. Which one are you? Each year, Australian households discard about 2.5 million metric tons of food. Most (73%) of this food waste ends up in landfill.
	Virtually certain 2023 will be warmest year on record: US agency Following another month of record-breaking temperatures throughout the globe in September, the year 2023 is all but certain to be the warmest on record, a US agency said Friday.
	Scientists' model increases accuracy of tide forecasts The tides couldn't be controlled—only predicted. And for one day, June 6, in the spring of 1944, the tide prediction for the beaches of Normandy just may have been the most important in history.
	What does El Nino mean for the coming winter? El Niño, a weather phenomenon associated with warmer temperatures in the northern U.S. and wetter weather in the South, has arrived.
	Second report on the status of global water resources published The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recently presented its second report on the status of global water resources. According to this report, large parts of the world experienced drier conditions in 2022 than those recorded on average for the equivalent periods over the last 30 years.
	Organic nitrogen aerosol is an important contributor to global atmospheric nitrogen deposition, finds study New research emphasizes the previously underestimated significance of atmospheric ON aerosol depositions on ecosystems. Additionally, the ecological effects of ON aerosol depositions are anticipated to increase due to global warming and the decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions from human activities.
	'Licence to hide': Western plastic waste dumped in Myanmar In a working-class neighborhood of Myanmar's Yangon, plastic waste is piled a meter high, the toxic product of what a recent investigation said is rampant dumping of Western trash.
	Climate 'countdown clock' report launched ahead of key UN talks Top scientists have launched a yearly report series to plug knowledge gaps ahead of crunch climate talks, with their global warming "countdown clock" vying for the attention of world leaders and ordinary citizens alike.
	Scientists use drones to land sensors onto 'unreachable' glaciers threatened by climate change Scientist have unveiled a new climate change-monitoring sensor which can be airlifted onto icy glaciers using drones to measure the impact of global warming.

Astronomy and Space news

	Psyche spacecraft launched to mysterious and rare metal asteroid in first mission of its kind NASA's Psyche spacecraft rocketed away Friday on a six-year journey to a rare metal-covered asteroid.
	First supernova detected, confirmed, classified and shared by AI A fully automated process, including a brand-new artificial intelligence (AI) tool, has successfully detected, identified and classified its first supernova.
	Here's how NASA's Psyche mission could unveil the interior secrets of planets It's unlikely to be a bad omen, but NASA's mission Psyche is currently due to launch on Friday 13 October. Lifting off at 10:19 EDT on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, it faces a perilous journey and isn't scheduled for arrival at its namesake asteroid, 16 Pscyhe, until 2029.
	More JWST observations are finding fewer early massive galaxies There's a common pattern in science. We develop some new process or tool that allows us to gather all kinds of data we've never had before, the data threatens to overturn all we've assumed about some long-established theory, and then the dust settles. Unfortunately, the early stage of this process generates a lot of sensationalism in the press. Early results from the JWST are a good example of this.
	Canadian-French astrophysicist Hubert Reeves dies aged 91 Canadian-French astrophysicist Hubert Reeves, who was renowned for his work popularizing space science, died Friday aged 91, his son said in a post on Facebook.
	Audit calls NASA's goal to reduce Artemis rocket costs 'highly unrealistic,' threat to deep space exploration NASA's goal to reduce the costs of the powerful Space Launch System rocket for its Artemis program by 50% was called "highly unrealistic" and a threat to its deep space exploration plans, according to a report by NASA's Office of the Inspector General released on Thursday.
	A comprehensive blueprint for the settlement of Mars Throughout the 20th century, multiple proposals have been made for the crewed exploration of Mars. These include the famed "Mars Project" by Werner von Braun, the "Mars Direct" mission architecture by Robert Zubrin and David Baker, NASA's Mars Design Reference Mission studies, and SpaceX's Mars & Beyond plan. By 2033, two space agencies (NASA and the CNSA) plan to commence sending crews and payloads to the Red Planet. These and other space agencies envision building bases there that could eventually lead to permanent settlements and the first "Martians."

Technology news

	A promising molecular catalyst for aqueous polysulfide-based redox flow batteries In recent years, researchers have been exploring the potential of a wide range of new battery technologies, including so-called redox flow batteries. Redox flow batteries, also known as flow batteries, are battery cells that generate electricity and store energy via so-called redox chemical reactions.
	Researchers measure global consensus over the ethical use of AI To examine the global state of AI ethics, a team of researchers from Brazil performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of global guidelines for AI use. Publishing October 13 in in the journal Patterns, the researchers found that, while most of the guidelines valued privacy, transparency, and accountability, very few valued truthfulness, intellectual property, or children's rights. Additionally, most of the guidelines described ethical principles and values without proposing practical methods for implementing them and without pushing for legally binding regulation.
	Hybrid transistors with silk protein set stage for integration of biology and microelectronics Your phone may have more than 15 billion tiny transistors packed into its microprocessor chips. The transistors are made of silicon, metals like gold and copper, and insulators that together take an electric current and convert it to 1s and 0s to communicate information and store it. The transistor materials are inorganic, basically derived from rock and metal.
	Smaller, lighter lithium-sulfur battery lowers costs and improves recycling options Researchers at Monash University have developed a new lithium-sulfur battery design with a nanoporous polymer-coated lithium foil anode that reduces the amount of lithium required in a single battery.
	Scientists begin building AI for scientific discovery using tech behind ChatGPT An international team of scientists, including from the University of Cambridge, have launched a new research collaboration that will leverage the same technology behind ChatGPT to build an AI-powered tool for scientific discovery.
	Microsoft closes deal to buy Call of Duty maker Activision Blizzard after antitrust fights Microsoft completed its purchase of video game-maker Activision Blizzard for $69 billion on Friday, closing one of the most expensive tech acquisitions in history that could have repercussions across the video game industry.
	French taxi drivers bring unfair competition case against Uber Around 2,480 taxi drivers will embark on another round of their latest legal fight against Uber in Paris on Friday accusing the American giant of unfair competition as they seek around 455 million euros in damages.
	A cheaper, safer alternative to lithium-ion batteries: Aqueous rechargeable batteries This summer, the planet has been suffering from unprecedented heat waves and heavy rainfalls. Developing renewable energy and expanding associated infrastructure has become an essential survival strategy to ensure the sustainability of the planet in crisis, but it has obvious limitations due to the volatility of electricity production, which relies on uncertain variables like labile weather conditions.
	Wave energy devices will soon head to new testing facility—but they are missing something Which is cheaper: a semi-taut spread or a catenary weight-float?
	Dumbing down or wising up: How will generative AI change the way we think? Information is a valuable commodity. And thanks to technology, there are millions of terabytes of it online.
	New method measures gas pressure with high precision A newly-developed instrument makes it possible to measure gas pressure by using laser light. The method, developed at Umeå University and the Industrial Doctoral School for Research and Innovation, provides very precise measurements and can, for example, quickly detect extremely small gas leaks.
	Cryptocurrency in professional sports poses financial risk to fans, new report finds The University of Liverpool Management School has contributed to a new report by the government's Culture, Media and Sport Committee warning that the promotion of crypto assets in professional sport is putting fans at financial risk and potentially damaging the reputations of clubs.
	Using sustainable aviation fuels could reduce emissions by up to 80%, scientists find A team of scientists have completed tests to quantify the emissions from the combustion of sustainable aviation fuels, revealing a profound reduction when compared to regular jet fuel.
	TSMC applies for 'permanent' permit to export US equipment to China factory Taiwanese semiconductor giant TSMC said Friday it has applied for—and expects to receive—permanent authorization from Washington to allow the export of US chip-making equipment to its China-based factory.
	Vietnam automaker sends EVs to Laos for electric taxi service Vietnamese automaker VinFast on Friday sent 150 cars to neighboring Laos for the launch of an electric taxi service, months after starting a similar scheme at home.
	Meta says content controls ramped up for Hamas-Israel conflict Meta on Friday said it was putting special resources towards cracking down on illegal and problematic content related to the assault by Hamas in Israel and its aftermath.
	EU warns Google over YouTube disinfo in wake of Hamas attack The EU's top tech enforcer, Commissioner Thierry Breton, warned Google parent Alphabet on Friday to be wary of potential "illegal content and disinformation" on its YouTube platform.
	Hydrogen hubs too reliant on fossil fuels, expert says The Biden administration has announced the locations of seven regional manufacturing hubs that will receive a portion of $7 billion in initial funding to help jumpstart a hydrogen industry.
	US auto union warns of more last-minute strikes as Detroit talks drag The US auto workers union announced Friday no new strike targets, but the group's president said the labor action had entered a new stage involving last-minute walkouts.

Chemistry news

	Targeting a coronavirus ion channel could yield new COVID-19 drugs The genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus encodes 29 proteins, one of which is an ion channel called E. This channel, which transports protons and calcium ions, induces infected cells to launch an inflammatory response that damages tissues and contributes to the symptoms of COVID-19.
	New biobased recyclable polyesters exhibit excellent tensile properties beyond polyethylene and polypropylene The research group of Professor Kotohiro Nomura, Tokyo Metropolitan University, in cooperation with the research group of Director Hiroshi Hirano, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, has developed biobased polyesters from inedible plant resources, which can be easily chemical recyclable and exhibit promising mechanical properties in films than commodity plastics.
	Paint that can change colors? The skin of an octopus holds the key, researchers say When you think of an octopus, you might be envious of its eight limbs. After all, there's a lot to be done with eight arms. But scientists are a bit more interested in something else: its skin.
	Investigating the detection limit of electrochemistry With recent improvements in instrumentation and confinement techniques, the detection of molecules using electrochemical techniques has become easier than ever before; however, there are still many conditions which restrict the electrochemical detection of single molecules and ultra-fast processes at the molecular level.
	Local chemical pressure experimentally sensed by optical probe The practical application of high-pressure metastable materials is hindered by severe synthesis condition, poor yield, and mostly vanishing phase and phenomena after decompressing. The scaled-up capture of these metastable states to ambient pressure is the key point but remains a challenge.

Biology news

	Scientists explain unique formation of ancient algae that evolved photosynthesis and oxygenated the planet Scientists have for the first time revealed how blue-green algae—visible as the slippery green slime in stagnant water, riverbeds, and seashores—weaves itself into large weblike structures.
	Special wildlife exits on busy roads help protect endangered ocelots The Texas ocelot (Leopardus pardalis albescens) is endangered due to historic hunting, habitat loss, inbreeding, and traffic collisions. Today, only between 50 and 80 ocelots remain in the U.S., exclusively in Willacy and Cameron counties in southern Texas. These two populations are isolated from the larger one in northwestern Mexico by highways and urban development.
	First known and well-preserved terror bird footprints found in Argentina A team of paleontologists at Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, working with a colleague from LA. TE. Andes S.A, has found the first known well-preserved Phorusrhacidae footprints at a site in Argentina. In their paper published in the journal Scientific Reports, the team describes the site where the prints were found, their condition and what they have learned from them.
	Officially extinct fish is alive and well, according to DNA analyses The houting, a fish species that lived in North Sea estuaries and is officially extinct, turns out to be alive and well. Researchers from the University of Amsterdam and the Natural History Museum London extracted DNA from multiple houtings conserved in the museum, up to 250+ years old. Next they compared the DNA of these museum fish with DNA from various currently occurring sibling species. The biologists found hardly any genetic difference between houting and a species called European whitefish. Since this species is still common, houting therefore isn't extinct.
	How do caterpillars acquire chubby legs? Scientists trace the origins to a genetic program associated with crabs Adult insects, including butterflies and moths, typically have only three pairs of legs. But the existence of extra legs in caterpillars—chubby abdominal appendages also known as "prolegs"—has long posed an evolutionary mystery to biologists. A recent study by researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) linked this novel trait to crustaceans.
	Biologists find salicylic acid and RNA interference mediate antiviral immunity of plant stem cells Viruses are a threat to all organisms, including plants. A small group of plant stem cells, however, successfully defends itself from infection.
	Whaling wiped out far more fin whales than previously thought A new genomic study by UCLA biologists shows that whaling in the 20th century destroyed 99% of the Eastern North Pacific fin whale breeding, or "effective," population—29% more than previously thought.
	Yes, scientists have sequenced the entire human genome, but they're not done yet The human genome, from end to end, has been sequenced, meaning scientists worldwide have identified most of the nearly 20,000 protein-coding genes. However, an international group of scientists notes there's more work to be done. The scientists point out that even though we have nearly converged on the identities of the 20,000 genes, the genes can be cut and spliced to create approximately 100,000 proteins, and gene experts are far from agreement on what those 100,000 proteins are.
	Scientists reveal centromere repositioning in soybean genome Researchers from China studying soybean genome evolution have focused on the phenomenon of centromere repositioning, which involves the formation of new centromeres at different chromosomal locations without altering the underlying DNA sequences. This process has been widely observed in mammalian species and is thought to play a crucial role in genome evolution and speciation.
	Thousands of programmable DNA-cutters found in algae, snails, and other organisms A diverse set of species, from snails to algae to amoebas, make programmable DNA-cutting enzymes called Fanzors—and a new study from scientists at MIT's McGovern Institute for Brain Research has identified thousands of them. Fanzors are RNA-guided enzymes that can be programmed to cut DNA at specific sites, much like the bacterial enzymes that power the widely used gene-editing system known as CRISPR. The newly recognized diversity of natural Fanzor enzymes, reported Sept. 27 in the journal Science Advances, gives scientists an extensive set of programmable enzymes that might be adapted into new tools for research or medicine.
	Factory fishing in Antarctica for krill targets the cornerstone of a fragile ecosystem The Antarctic Endeavour glides across the water's silky surface as dozens of fin whales spray rainbows from their blowholes into a fairy tale icescape of massive glaciers.
	Boom in 'ice ivory' trade of mammoth tusks presents new threat to elephants and environment Conservationists fear a rise in the buying and selling of mammoth tusks, known as the "ice ivory" trade, poses a new threat to elephants.
	How clouds protect coral reefs, but will not be enough to save them from us Coral reefs are vital ecosystems for people and coastal communities. They provide food and livelihoods and protect coastlines from storms, contribute to local economies and preserve cultural heritage.
	Prezygotic isolation between sympatric dioecious figs may not yet be established Cospeciation is generally considered a key process driving the diversity of figs and their pollinating wasps. Ficus squamosa and Ficus heterostyla are two closely related dioecious figs. This pair represents a good system for gaining insights into cospeciation dynamics and processes, as well as the potential biological consequences of heterospecific visitation.
	Seismic survey not expected to impact oyster yield in Australian waters New research suggests that exposure to a single seismic survey is unlikely to increase mortality or affect pearl production in adults of an oyster species farmed in Australian waters.
	Spiders, spiders everywhere? Tarantula mating season starts early amid threats to arachnids It's tarantula season in the golden hills of the Bay Area: that period every fall when black, hairy males of the species Aphonopelma iodius emerge from their underground burrows in search of a receptive female—a first and final act of carnal exploration before they die.
	Unlocking the secrets of cold tolerance: A dive into tomato plants' molecular responses to chilling stress Cold sensitivity poses a significant challenge for certain essential crops. While there's an indication that these plants may possess cold acclimation capabilities, the molecular dynamics, particularly involving the CRT binding factor (CBF) family, are not fully explored.
	DNA methylation: The hidden mechanism enabling plants to adapt in a warmer world As global warming continues to redefine ecosystems, plants are increasingly tasked with swift adaptation to ensure their survival. One primary mechanism facilitating such rapid adaptation is epigenetic memory, specifically DNA methylation.
	Exploring the genetic potential of eggplant's wild relatives for sustainable agriculture In the pursuit of sustainable agriculture, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops stands as a primary objective. With the prolific use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers since the 20th century, agricultural productivity has seen remarkable growth. However, excessive use of N fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental threats and energy consumption.
	New South American site reveals extraordinary fossils from the end of the age of the dinosaurs The discovery of a spectacular fossil site in Argentina is helping shed new light on life at the end of the Cretaceous, the time period just before the non-avian dinosaurs went extinct.
	New research can help better predict the health and sustainability of 'grassy' ecosystems Newly published research from UNC Greensboro's Dr. Kevin Wilcox and colleagues will help scientists better predict how global changes—such as droughts, fires, and heat waves—will impact the health and sustainability of the Earth's grassy ecosystems.
	EU fails to decide on glyphosate use extension The EU failed Friday to agree extending the use of glyphosate—a weedkiller the WHO fears could be carcinogenic—because of division among the bloc's 27 member countries, a European Commission spokesman said.
	Hong Kong adds two shark families on controlled trade list Hong Kong on Friday added two major shark families to a list of endangered animals whose trade in the city will be tightly controlled under CITES regulations.
	Solid-phase reversible immobilization beads for rDNA high-throughput sequencing library construction Solid-phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) beads are widely used for high-throughput sequencing library construction to purify and recover nucleic acids. A new study published in Zoonoses has investigated the effects of SPRI bead ratio, incubation time, and elution time on nucleic acid recovery during full-length 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing library construction.

Medicine and Health news

	Canadian cannabis legalization linked to increased and decreased hospitalization, depending on the province Research led by the Bruyère Research Institute, Canada, has looked into cannabis-related hospitalization rates before and after cannabis legalization in Canada.
	Opioid limits didn't change surgery patients' experience, study shows Worries that surgery patients would have a tougher recovery if their doctors had to abide by a five-day limit on opioid pain medication prescriptions didn't play out as expected, a new study finds.
	Could the nerve cells that scratch be the solution for itch? It can be a relief to scratch the occasional itch, but when itch gets out of control, it can become a serious health problem. How does the body know when to stop?
	A step towards understanding early interventions for Huntington's disease Huntington's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder controlled by a single gene and is characterized by motor and cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms. Currently, no treatments can stop or reverse the disease, but new research from Boston Children's Hospital suggests that there might be a way to protect the brain and prevent or slow cognitive decline.
	When it comes to hearing, the left and right sides of the brain work together, mouse research shows Johns Hopkins-led research has revealed an extensive network of connections between the right and left sides of the brain when mice are exposed to different sounds. The researchers also found that some areas of the brain are specialized to recognize certain sounds, such as "calls" from the animals. Further, the researchers also found that deaf mice had far fewer right and left brain connections, suggesting that the brain needs to "hear" and process sound during early ages to spur development of left-right brain connections.
	New mouse models may help scientists find therapies for brain development disorder For more than 25 years, Richard Huganir, Ph.D., Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Neuroscience and Psychological and Brain Sciences and director of the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, has studied the protein SYNGAP1 that is now known to be linked to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are usually diagnosed during early childhood.
	Improving fecal microbe transplants: Study identifies B. vulgatus genes that correlate with early colonization Fecal microbe transplants from healthy donors can treat patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infections. However, after tens of thousands transplants, little was known about which donor strains provide long-term engraftment, and which engraft early after the transplant. Most failures of fecal microbe transplantation occur in the first four weeks.
	Researchers are building a cellular map of the musculoskeletal system NDORMS researchers are leading the development of a roadmap, published in Nature Reviews Rheumatology, that provides a blueprint for building a single-cell resolution map of the human musculoskeletal system. The ambitious endeavor forms part of the international Human Cell Atlas, and aims to identify and spatially locate every cell within the human body.
	Engaged and informed communities are more likely to adapt behaviors during disease outbreaks, study finds New research from a team led by Dr. Louise Smith and Professor James Rubin from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King's College London, working with the UK Health Security Agency, explored society's understanding of, and attitudes toward, the 2022 mpox outbreak and people's intention to adhere to self-isolation requests and protective behaviors.
	Common drug can improve hand osteoarthritis symptoms, finds study Relief could be on the way for people with painful hand osteoarthritis after a Monash University and Alfred Health-led study found an affordable existing drug can help. Until now there has been no effective treatment.
	Health care for millions of pregnant teenage girls is being neglected, reports study The health care needs of pregnant adolescents will continue to be ignored in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) unless there are major changes to health care delivery and frameworks, according to a new study by UCL and Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) researchers.
	Investigational drug restores parathyroid function in rare disease An investigational drug, encaleret, restored calcium levels in people with autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1), a rare genetic disorder marked by an imbalance of calcium in the blood and urine, as well as abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone, which regulates blood calcium levels.
	Brain regions important for memory, perception are remodeled during the menstrual cycle, study finds Central learning and memory hubs change in response to sex hormones. A new study in Nature Mental Health by Rachel Zsido and Julia Sacher of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and the University Clinic in Leipzig, Germany, links rhythmic oscillations in ovarian hormone levels in women during the menstrual cycle to changes in brain structure.
	Post-stroke irregular heart rhythms don't predict another stroke, study finds Worldwide, millions of stroke survivors undergo prolonged cardiac monitoring, leading to the discovery of atrial fibrillation, or irregular heartbeats, in up to 1.5 million of these patients each year.
	Not getting enough sleep? Your vascular cells may be drowning in oxidants, says study Does this sound like you? You wake up at the same time each morning, get the kids out the door, and rush to catch the subway to work. But at night, maybe you stay up until midnight doing laundry or 1 a.m. to catch up on the bills.
	Deep brain stimulation induces more healthy neurons and sustained memory benefits in Rett animals A recent study from the lab of Dr. Jianrong Tang, associate professor at Baylor College of Medicine and principal investigator at the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Duncan NRI) at Texas Children's Hospital shows that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of a specific brain region results in a significant and sustained improvement of memory in Rett mice. Moreover, they found that this treatment promotes the generation of new healthy neurons in these mice.
	DOT1L gene variants associated with a new neurological disorder A study from the laboratory of Dr. Hugo J. Bellen, a distinguished service professor at Baylor College of Medicine and a principal investigator at the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Duncan NRI) at Texas Children's Hospital, has discovered that gain-of-function variants in the DOT1L gene cause a new disorder.
	Most accurate test to date developed to measure biological aging A team of European researchers has developed a new test that can accurately measure biological aging in a clinical setting. The discovery was made while studying patients for the aging effects of chronic kidney disease.
	International experts push for innovation to improve stroke recovery Scientists from The Florey are among the group of stroke experts who have mapped out how researchers and clinicians can improve outcomes for people who have survived a stroke.
	Researchers call for increased attention to workplace mental health An article on the workplace as a major determinant of health has been published today in The Lancet, and reveals a global picture of the work-related causes of mental health conditions.
	Elucidating the neural basis for expression of estrous female odor preference in male mice Social behaviors, such as sexual and aggressive behaviors, are important for successful reproduction and territorial defense in mice as a social species. For adaptive and efficient exhibition of these behaviors, accurate sex, reproductive state, and other opponent characteristics-related information processing is essential.
	Incidence of lung cancer higher in women versus men aged 35 to 54 years, says research The incidence of lung cancer is higher in women than men aged 35 to 54 years, according to a research letter published online Oct. 12 in JAMA Oncology.
	Most Canadians with arthritis and disabling chronic pain are in excellent mental health: Study A new study published by researchers at the University of Toronto indicates a very high level of resilience among Canadians with arthritis whose activities were restricted due to pain.
	Studies offer strategies to end mistreatment and offer respectful maternal and newborn care A growing body of evidence shows that the mistreatment of women in maternal health care is a reality worldwide. For several years, the World Health Organization (WHO) and HRP (the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Program of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction) have been documenting this human rights violation, and its impact on health and well-being.
	New treatment for severe bleeding after injury does not show benefit in clinical trial A new technique used to control severe bleeding in injured patients has been found to likely increase the risk of death, according to new research from the University of Aberdeen.
	Can coffee help you avoid weight gain? Here's what the science says Coffee is well recognized as having a positive impact on long-term health. Drinking the equivalent of three to four cups of instant coffee a day reduces the risk of many health conditions including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and some cancers.
	Skin cancer: More people die from types that aren't melanoma, says surprise new finding If you mention skin cancer, most people think of melanoma—the deadliest skin cancer. The other ones are pretty benign, right?
	The 'male menopause'—what you need to know East Midlands Ambulance Service is reportedly giving men up to a year of paid leave for "andropause related issues", which some are calling the "male menopause."
	21.2 percent of US adults had diagnosed arthritis from 2019 to 2021 An estimated 21.2 percent of U.S. adults had diagnosed arthritis from 2019 to 2021, with most cases among adults aged 45 years and older, according to research published in the Oct. 13 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	New personal diet calculator checks how your diet stacks up against guidelines The Dietary Pattern Calculator (DiPaC), developed by a cross-Canadian team led by University of British Columbia assistant professor Dr. Mahsa Jessri, is a screening tool that can help anyone make healthier food choices and for health care providers to integrate food and nutrition information more easily into their practice.
	IIH patients require closer monitoring during pregnancy for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, research shows Published in the BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, a study unexpectedly found that pregnancies in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients were associated with a 12% risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. This was five times and 2.7 times higher in IIH patients than in the general population respectively.
	Drones delivering opioid overdose reversal kits could reach people more quickly than ambulances Researchers from King's College London used real-world data of fatal opioid overdoses where a bystander was present to show that commercial-off-the-shelf drones could have reached 78% of cases within seven minutes—the benchmark time for the arrival of emergency services for Category 1 calls in England—a huge increase on the 14% reached by ambulances.
	Novel data acquisition method for high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography imaging For the three- and four-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, flat-panel detector (FPD) is critical among applications such as oral imaging, image-guided radiation therapy and interventional therapy.
	Assessing 'readiness' by tracking sleep duration and effects on daily mood, motivation, sleepiness A good night's sleep prepares us for the next day. Conversely, inadequate sleep diminishes performance in tasks requiring attention, memory, and executive functions that have real world consequences.
	Maryland researchers provide first statewide prevalence data on two new emerging pathogens in health care settings University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) researchers conducted a statewide survey of all patients on breathing machines in hospitals and long-term care facilities and found that a significant percentage of them harbored two pathogens known to be life-threatening in those with compromised immune systems.
	Calorie restriction in humans builds strong muscle and stimulates healthy aging genes: Study Reducing overall calorie intake may rejuvenate your muscles and activate biological pathways important for good health, according to researchers at the National Institutes of Health and their colleagues. Decreasing calories without depriving the body of essential vitamins and minerals, known as calorie restriction, has long been known to delay the progression of age-related diseases in animal models. This new study, published in Aging Cell, suggests the same biological mechanisms may also apply to humans.
	Real-time MRI captures wrists in motion In a proof-of-concept study published in The British Journal of Radiology, UC Davis clinicians and researchers have shown that a new, low-field 0.55T MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) system can create clear videos of moving wrists. This emerging technology could provide important insights to improve diagnoses and better understand wrist anatomy.
	Texas A&M students develop device to combat kidney failure in newborns Before a baby is born, doctors hope for a safe delivery, and parents hope for a healthy child. Unfortunately, conditions such as kidney failure can only be detected after birth and require immediate treatment. These patients need peritoneal dialysis to help regulate kidney function, and although lifesaving, this treatment can lead to fluid leakage and requires a lengthy healing process.
	Preventing kidney stones before they form Kidney stones are small, hard deposits made of minerals and reoccurring materials inside the kidneys. Stones often go unnoticed in the kidney until they move into the ureter —the tube connecting the kidney and bladder.
	Emergency department visit rate for assault, 4.5 visits per 1,000 people per year The emergency department visit rate for assault was 4.5 visits per 1,000 people per year during 2019 to 2021, according to an October data brief published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.
	On nutrition: Promising news about cheese More than 180 years ago, Wisconsin farmers began making cheese to preserve excess milk from their cows (wisconsincheese.com). Today, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Wisconsin is the top cheese-producing state, followed by California, Idaho and New Mexico.
	Study assesses multimorbidity in nickel industry workers and recommends how to prevent it A RUDN University doctor named the reasons why nickel industry workers may develop several chronic diseases at once. The authors analyzed long-term data, identified the main risk factors, and suggested how to improve the situation. The results were published in the International Journal of Circumpolar Health.
	Vaccines: A few minutes now could spare you misery later What are you looking forward to this fall and winter?

Other Sciences news

	Reexamination of ancient jawbone found in Ethiopia concludes it came from Homo erectus infant An international team of geoscientists, archaeologists and anthropologists has found evidence that strongly suggests an infant jawbone found in the Ethiopian highlands came from a Homo erectus child. In their study, reported in the journal Science, the group conducted multiple tests to learn the true nature of the fossil.
	Neanderthal cuisine: Excavations reveal Neanderthals were as intelligent as Homo sapiens The fact that Neanderthals were able to make a fire and use it, among other things, for cooking, demonstrates their intelligence. "This confirms our observations and theories from previous studies," explains Diego Angelucci, archaeologist at the University of Trento and co-author of the study.
	Runestones reveal the power of a Viking queen Archaeologists have used 3D scanning to investigate inscriptions carved on two groups of Danish runestones, revealing that four stones were likely made in dedication to a powerful Viking Queen.
	Tracking emotions on social media to predict which posts go viral It doesn't take a scientist to know that a Facebook post bursting with party popper emojis or angry face symbols gets more reactions and shares than a flat, factual account of a child's graduation or an airline's villainous customer service.
	How an ancient society in the Sahara Desert rose and fell with groundwater With its low quantities of rain and soaring high temperatures, the Sahara Desert is often regarded as one of the most extreme and least habitable environments on Earth. While the Sahara was periodically much greener in the distant past, an ancient society living in a climate very similar to today's found a way to harvest water in the seemingly dry Sahara—thriving until the water ran out.
	Research reveals how smell can influence our perception of color The University of Liverpool is part of a new study that reveals for the first time how particular scents can influence our perception of color.
	NZ police are using AI to catch criminals—but the law urgently needs to catch up too, researcher says The use of artificial intelligence (AI) by New Zealand police is putting the spotlight on policing tactics in the 21st century.
	Mauritius is the latest nation to decriminalize same-sex relations in a divided continent The Mauritius Supreme Court has declared unconstitutional a law that criminalizes consensual same-sex acts between adult men. The decision boosts the trend in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region towards decriminalization. Now, a slight majority—nine out of 16 member states—do not prohibit gay and lesbian sexual relations.
	Bank CEOs set the tone from the top when it comes to risky behavior, new research suggests Metro Bank positioned itself as "a fresh start to banking" when it launched in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis. It was set up in 2010 as a challenger to the "big five" banks dominating the UK market post-crisis: HSBC, NatWest, Lloyds, Barclays and Santander.
	Dialog beyond spoken words important in teaching-learning situations, even digitally Even in digital courses, it's not just the spoken word that counts. Aspects such as tone of voice, eye contact and the appreciation experienced are also important, as a study by the University of Würzburg shows.
	Senators draft policy aimed at deep fakes of Drake, Tom Hanks and noncelebrities Late last month, Tom Hanks warned fans that a video in which he appeared to shill for dental care was in fact an AI-generated fake.
	Study on the economic connection between health and mobility The health benefits of walking and cycling are so significant for society that they should be taken into account in setting fuel taxes. This is the conclusion of an international study published today (Oct. 13) in the journal Economica, in which Professor Linus Mattauch, a researcher at the Climate Change Center Berlin Brandenburg, is involved.
	Increasing minimum wage has positive effects on employment, says study In labor markets where employers have more control over wages, increasing the minimum wage often results in a rise in employment, according to a new study coauthored by Ioana Marinescu, an associate professor at Penn's School of Social Policy & Practice (SP2) who is director of the SP2 Master of Science in Social Policy Program and currently working with the National Bureau of Economic Research.
	Scroll depicting rat wedding banquet provides important insight about cooking in medieval Japan Rats in the kitchen. Typically that implies issues with cleanliness and safety. But in medieval Japan, having rats in the kitchen could suggest an entirely different meaning.
	Economist develops modern typology of innovation research A RUDN University economist has developed a new typology of theoretical approaches to innovations study, expanding theoretical knowledge in this field of science. Based on the new typology, the scientist named the most promising areas for further research on innovation. The results were published in the International Journal of Innovation Studies.
	Scientists: Research on environmental attitudes might be biased The majority of research on environmental attitudes and behavior is coming from the United States and other English-speaking countries, a recent study by scientists from Lithuania and Austria reveals. Thus, the global applicability of the theories, which are used in designing environmental policies, becomes arguable.
	Negative attitudes towards breastfeeding in public still an issue International law supports women's right to breastfeed in the public. However, women report having been subjected to negative responses and judgmental looks when breastfeeding outside the home. This is according to a new study from Lund University in Sweden, based on surveys answered by women living in Sweden, Ireland and Australia that has been published in the International Breastfeeding Journal.
	A doctors group calls its 'excited delirium' paper outdated and withdraws its approval A leading doctors group on Thursday formally withdrew its approval of a 2009 paper on "excited delirium," a document that critics say has been used to justify excessive force by police.
	Climate researcher rejects being sacked for refusing to fly A climate researcher hit back against his dismissal from a German think-tank after refusing to take a flight back from a fact-finding mission in Papua New Guinea.
	An extended critique of the EIGE Gender Equality Index New research by staff from Social Statistics has reviewed the methodology of one of the most comprehensive indices of gender equality, the Gender Equality Index by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE).
	Sustainability presents huge opportunities for business and financial institutions Why does sustainability matter for businesses and financial institutions? For centuries, competitive markets have been drivers for growth and improvement of quality of life. It is paramount to ensure these markets are compatible with sustainability and can adequately mitigate and adapt to climate change. These changes require a significant amount of capital, and knowledgeable investment and business professionals to deploy it.

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