Science X Newsletter Tue, Oct 24

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 24, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Declining Bering Sea ice linked to increasing wildfire hazard in northeast China
Study unveils a cortico-amygdala neural substrate supporting fear extinction via endocannabinoids
W1055+5443 is a Y-type brown dwarf, observations find
New design solves stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells
Curiosity rover finds new evidence of ancient Mars rivers, a key signal for life
Robots learn faster with AI boost from Eureka
Mesh is no better than sutures for hiatal hernia repair, long-term study finds
Itinerant magnetism and superconductivity in exotic 2D metals for next-generation quantum devices
Astronomers carry out largest ever cosmological computer simulation
New research finds two regions of the brain critical to integrating semantic information while reading
Finding the genes that help kingfishers dive without hurting their brains
Certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl 'forever chemicals' identified as potential risk factor for thyroid cancer
Simulating space to explore the great mystery of interstellar chemistry
New methods for effective transport of large genes in gene therapy
Collective intelligence can help reduce medical misdiagnoses

Nanotechnology news

	Perovskite nanocrystalline cheaper than silicon for photovoltaic cells, study shows New research from Brock University is introducing a highly efficient material for solar panels that is significantly less expensive than the silicon currently dominating the industry.
	Deep learning solves long-standing challenges in identification of nanoparticle shape Innovation Center of NanoMedicine has announced with The University of Tokyo that a group led by Prof. Takanori Ichiki, Research Director of iCONM, proposed a new property evaluation method of nanoparticles' shape anisotropy that solves long-standing issues in nanoparticle evaluation that date back to Einstein's time.
	Researchers investigate microstructure evolution of oxide films of Fe-Cr–based alloys Ferritic/martensitic steels and austenitic steels are the primary candidate materials for advanced nuclear energy systems. The corrosion resistance of the materials is one of the factors that ensures the safe service of key components. Since the corrosion resistance of materials is highly related to the characteristics of the formed oxide films, it is crucial to investigate the oxide films of candidate materials in high-temperature water.
	Oxygen vacancy boosting Fenton reaction: A novel approach to fight bacterial infection in bone scaffold The field of artificial bone transplantation has faced a significant barrier: bacterial infection, a common culprit that often leads to transplant failure and, in severe cases, devastating consequences such as amputation.
	Examining the synergistic roles of platinum nanoparticles and sodium ions within beta zeolites Organic N-alkyl amines are important chemical products and intermediate with wide applications in the fields of daily chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, and life sciences. The C–N bonds formed by alkylating reagents (halocarbons, metal halides, etc.) to produce amines usually suffer from low atomic efficiency, poor product selectivity, and chemical contaminants.
	Novel nanostructured photoanode hydrothermally prepared at 160°C, followed by 500°C calcination A new study led by Prof. Tianyou Peng (College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University) and Associate Prof. Peng Zeng (School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University) describes how a novel nanostructured WO3-based photoanode was hydrothermally prepared at 160°C followed by 500°C calcination.

Physics news

	Itinerant magnetism and superconductivity in exotic 2D metals for next-generation quantum devices The Quantum Systems Accelerator (QSA) pioneers studies to build and co-design the next generation of programmable quantum devices. An interdisciplinary team of scientists from QSA institutions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), and the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), in collaboration with Los Alamos National Laboratory, conducted a series of experiments with a new type of layered 2D metal, finding connections in electronic behavior that might potentially be useful for fabricating complex superconducting quantum processors.
	Odd elasticity helps sperm skirt Newton's third law of motion A trio of fluid dynamics and mathematical modelers at Kyoto University has discovered how sperm and other tiny creatures are able to skirt Newton's third law of motion. In their paper published in the journal PRX Life, Kenta Ishimoto, Clément Moreau and Kento Yasuda describe how they analyzed the movement of algae and sperm cells to learn more about how they move so easily through a fluid.
	Research characterizes the footprint of neutrinos The neutrino, one of nature's most elusive and least understood subatomic particles, rarely interacts with matter. That makes precision studies of the neutrino and its antimatter partner, the antineutrino, a challenge. The strongest emitters of neutrinos on Earth—nuclear reactors—play a key role in studying these particles. Researchers have designed the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) for detailed studies of electron antineutrinos coming from the core of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR).
	Enhanced laser heterodyne spectroscopy helps atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements A research team led by Prof. Gao Xiaoming from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has improved the measurement accuracy of atmospheric greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, by using an Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)-assisted Laser Heterodyne Radiometer (LHR).
	Diffraction-limited visible imaging for large aperture telescopes A new publication from Opto-Electronic Advances discusses diffraction-limited visible imaging for large aperture telescopes.

Earth news

	Declining Bering Sea ice linked to increasing wildfire hazard in northeast China China has been making strides in recent years to reduce air pollution, including fitting filters in coal-fired power stations to remove sulfur dioxide from emissions, a molecule that reacts with other compounds in the atmosphere to form polluting particulates. The country's Air Pollution Control Act also aims to tackle pollution from manufacturing, vehicles and agriculture, alongside intending to become carbon neutral by 2060.
	Study reveals the hidden environmental impacts of bitcoin: Carbon is not the only harmful byproduct The extraordinary rise in cryptocurrency prices over the previous decade has prompted huge investments in the cryptocurrency sector. Undeniably, digital currencies have won the faith of the world's top investors, ranging from large corporations and tech millionaires to criminals, money launderers, and sanction busters.
	Climate report: 'Uncharted territory' imperils life on Earth An international coalition of climate scientists says in a paper published in BioScience that the Earth's vital signs have worsened beyond anything humans have yet seen, to the point that life on the planet is imperiled.
	The first slow-slip events seen off southern Costa Rica Slow-slip events (SSEs) are slow earthquake ruptures that generate just a few centimeters of slip over periods ranging from days to years. They are thought to occur in many of the world's subduction zones, but these subtle slips can be tricky to observe, especially when they happen under the ocean, where monitoring capabilities are often more limited than on land.
	'Frozen in time' landscape discovered under Antarctic ice Scientists revealed Tuesday that they had discovered a vast, hidden landscape of hills and valleys carved by ancient rivers that has been "frozen in time" under the Antarctic ice for millions of years.
	Adding crushed rock to farmland pulls carbon out of the air, field test shows Adding crushed volcanic rock to cropland could play a key role in removing carbon from the air. In a field study, scientists at the University of California, Davis, and Cornell University found the technology stored carbon in the soil even during an extreme drought in California. The study was published in the journal Environmental Research Communications.
	Doing laundry by hand sheds just as many microfibers as machine washing—new research Between 6,500 and 87,000 tons of microfibers are shed during domestic laundering every year in the UK. Many of these minuscule fibers end up in rivers and oceans, with devastating consequences for aquatic animals and environments.
	Biological fingerprints in soil show where diamond-containing ore is buried Researchers have identified buried kimberlite, the rocky home of diamonds, by testing the DNA of microbes in the surface soil.
	The mighty Mississippi, America's water highway, is dangerously low In the middle of the shrunken Mississippi, a barge drags a giant metal-edged suction head along the riverbed to remove sediment from shipping lanes.
	World 'failing' on pledge to stop deforestation by 2030 The world is "failing" on a pledge to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030, with global losses increasing last year, a group of NGOs and researchers warned Tuesday.
	Method involving citizen participation found effective to address risks of environmental disaster A digital map of flood-prone areas in Brazilian cities São Paulo and Rio Branco created by public school students; a history of floods recorded in a poor neighborhood of São Paulo based on the residents' recollections; new communication channels with the Civil Defense authorities to improve the early warning system—these are some of the instruments for citizen participation and mobilization shown to be effective in initiatives to increase survival of urban disasters.
	Remember the climate map from your school atlas? Here's what climate change is doing to it You probably saw a multi-colored climate map at least once in school. You might have pored over it, fascinated. Was Antarctica really a cold desert? And why was so much of Russia listed as tundra?
	EU takes step towards recycled packaging An EU push towards bloc-wide rules on recyclable packaging to cut plastic and other waste got initial support in the European Parliament on Tuesday.
	Climate change could jeopardize River Panke restoration successes The Panke River in Berlin is exemplary for many urban watercourses whose water quality has been improved through targeted management.
	Light freshwater sticks to Greenland's east coast, finds researcher Meltwater that runs along the east coast of Greenland, hardly enters the open ocean before reaching the western side of the island. That is one of the conclusions NIOZ Ph.D.-candidate Elodie Duyck draws in the thesis that she defended on Oct. 23 at Utrecht University. In the changing climate, fresh water from Greenland and the Arctic could disrupt the circulation in the Atlantic Ocean. "Understanding where, and how much, of that fresh and light water enters the Atlantic Ocean is critical to predict how the circulation may evolve under climate change," Duyck says.
	The Rio Grande isn't just a border—it's a river in crisis The Rio Grande is one of the longest rivers in North America, running some 1,900 miles (3,060 kilometers) from the Colorado Rockies southeast to the Gulf of Mexico. It provides fresh water for seven U.S. and Mexican states, and forms the border between Texas and Mexico, where it is known as the Río Bravo del Norte.
	Decontaminating Fukushima: Have the billions spent been worth it? The Chernobyl and (to a lesser extent) Fukushima nuclear accidents contaminated large areas of land with low-level radioactivity. After both accidents, huge efforts were taken to decontaminate the affected areas.
	Tropical and subtropical wind forcing could affect interannual variability of Kuroshio and Luzon undercurrent Kuroshio in the western North Pacific is one of the world's most energetic western boundary currents. To the east of Luzon Island, the northward Kuroshio at its origin and the underlying southward Luzon Undercurrent (LUC), play an important role in shaping marine ecosystems and climate in the Pacific and neighboring marginal seas by transporting a large amount of mass and heat.
	Drought-hit farmers in US heartland hope Mississippi 'comes back' Jonathan Driver, an Arkansas farmer with blackened hands and a thick southern drawl, doesn't have a minute to spare.
	New method proposed to improve the ocean observational network in the tropical western Pacific ENSO, short for the El Niño and Southern Oscillation, is the most influential interannual oscillation, and significantly impacts global climate. The Tropical Pacific Observation System (TPOS), including moored buoys, plays an important role in understanding, monitoring, and forecasting ENSO events.

Astronomy and Space news

	W1055+5443 is a Y-type brown dwarf, observations find Using the Keck II telescope, astronomers have performed near-infrared spectroscopic observations of a nearby brown dwarf known as CWISE J105512.11+544328.3, or W1055+5443 for short. Results of the observational campaign, presented October 14 on the pre-print server arXiv, reveal that this object belongs to the rare class of ultracool brown dwarfs, dubbed Y dwarfs.
	Curiosity rover finds new evidence of ancient Mars rivers, a key signal for life New analysis of data from the Curiosity rover reveals that much of the craters on Mars today could have once been habitable rivers.
	Astronomers carry out largest ever cosmological computer simulation An international team of astronomers has carried out what is believed to be the largest ever cosmological computer simulation, tracking not only dark but also ordinary matter (such as planets, stars and galaxies), giving us a glimpse into how our universe may have evolved.
	Simulating space to explore the great mystery of interstellar chemistry The universe is more than 13 billion years old and space is often depicted as a vast, empty vacuum. Other than planets and stars, there's nothing there, right? Actually, space is littered with complex, carbon-based molecules. However, the range of molecules and the chemistry involved in their formation remains largely mysterious.
	Astrophysicists scan the galaxy for signs of life The astrophysicists, from Trinity and the Breakthrough Listen team and Onsala Space Observatory in Sweden, are scanning the universe for "technosignatures" emanating from distant planets that would provide support for the existence of intelligent, alien life.
	Why NASA's Roman mission will study Milky Way's flickering lights NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will provide one of the deepest-ever views into the heart of our Milky Way galaxy. The mission will monitor hundreds of millions of stars in search of tell-tale flickers that betray the presence of planets, distant stars, small icy objects that haunt the outskirts of our solar system, isolated black holes, and more. Roman will likely set a new record for the farthest-known exoplanet, offering a glimpse of a different galactic neighborhood that could be home to worlds quite unlike the more than 5,500 that are currently known.
	NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission surpasses goal for collection of asteroid samples The curation team processing NASA's asteroid Bennu sample has removed and collected 2.48 ounces (70.3 grams) of rocks and dust from the sampler hardware—surpassing the agency's goal of bringing at least 60 grams to Earth.
	Space rocks and asteroid dust are pricey, but these aren't the most expensive materials used in science After a journey of seven years and nearly 4 billion miles, NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft landed gently in the Utah desert on the morning of Sept. 24, 2023, with a precious payload. The spacecraft brought back a sample from the asteroid Bennu.
	Minerals in ancient meteorites offer insights into the origin of most of the Earth's surface Dr. Alice Stephant, an astrophysicist, is helping to solve a longstanding mystery about water on Earth: where it came from.
	How close is too close to a kilonova? Cataclysmic events happen in the universe all the time. Black hole mergers, supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and a whole host of others. Most of them happen in distant galaxies, so they pose no threat to us. But there are a few that could affect life on Earth, and a couple could even pose an existential threat. One of these threats is known as a kilonova.
	How NASA Is protecting Europa Clipper from space radiation To explore the mysterious ice-encrusted moon Europa, the mission will need to endure bombardment by radiation and high-energy particles surrounding Jupiter.

Technology news

	New design solves stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells Researchers at EPFL and Northwestern University have unveiled a groundbreaking design for perovskite solar cells, creating one of the most stable PSCs with a power-conversion efficiency above 25%, paving the way for future commercialization.
	Robots learn faster with AI boost from Eureka Intelligent robots are reshaping our universe. In New Jersey's Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, AI-assisted robots are bringing a new level of security to doctors and patients by scanning every inch of the premises for harmful bacteria and viruses and disinfecting them with precise doses of germicidal ultraviolet light.
	Researchers create magnetic microrobots that work together to assemble objects in 3D environments For the first time ever, researchers at the Surgical Robotics Laboratory of the University of Twente successfully made two microrobots work together to pick up, move and assemble passive objects in 3D environments. This achievement opens new horizons for promising biomedical applications.
	Solar farms in space are possible, say scientists It's viable to produce low-cost, lightweight solar panels that can generate energy in space, according to new research from the Universities of Surrey and Swansea.
	Researchers seek to make solar energy and agricultural production more compatible with agrivoltaics Scientists with Texas A&M AgriLife are actively contributing to the growing body of research focused on agrivoltaics—an innovative technology with the potential to enhance the efficiency and resiliency of sustainable food and agricultural systems while feeding the state's growing demand for energy.
	Team creates 3D-printed aluminum alloy with unprecedented fatigue resistance It is estimated that more than 80% of engineering failures are due to material fatigue, so the fight against metal fatigue failures continues, as this is a key parameter for lightweight structures for all mechanical systems, such as aircraft, automobile and energy-production systems.
	Researchers show ChatGPT, other AI tools can be manipulated to produce malicious code Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT can be tricked into producing malicious code, which could be used to launch cyber attacks, according to research from the University of Sheffield.
	Scientists synthesize cathode active materials for lithium-ion batteries at relatively low temperatures Layered lithium cobalt oxide, a key component of lithium-ion batteries, has been synthesized at temperatures as low as 300°C and durations as short as 30 minutes.
	Spotify swings to profit as user numbers grow Music streaming giant Spotify on Tuesday said it registered 26 percent growth in active users for the third quarter as it reported a rare quarterly profit.
	X/Twitter: Imposing a $1 bot tax on new customers will only make the platform's problems worse X, formerly known as Twitter, is testing a subscription plan called "Not a Bot" of US$1 equivalent per annum in New Zealand and the Philippines. Those who don't subscribe will still be able to log in to view content and follow other accounts, but won't be able to interact through tweeting, liking, sharing or bookmarking content. The plan is limited to new accounts and only the browser version of the platform, as opposed to the mobile app.
	Dozens of US states sue Meta over harm to children Dozens of US states on Tuesday accused Facebook and Instagram owner Meta of profiting "from children's pain," damaging their mental health and misleading people about the safety of its platforms.
	Let the community work it out: Throwback to early internet days could fix social media's crisis of legitimacy In the 2018 documentary "The Cleaners," a young man in Manila, Philippines, explains his work as a content moderator: "We see the pictures on the screen. You then go through the pictures and delete those that don't meet the guidelines. The daily quota of pictures is 25,000." As he speaks, his mouse clicks, deleting offending images while allowing others to remain online.
	Climate change: Kenya's power sector is a shining example, with the big hurdles being household and transport emissions Kenya's ambition is to reduce carbon emissions by one-third by 2030, relative to the business-as-usual scenario of 143 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. It also seeks to reduce carbon emissions to as close to zero as possible by 2050. How and whether these goals are achieved will have huge implications for the country's economic development.
	What happens if neurotechnology learns to read our minds? Advancements in neurotechnology could be at a turning point, but the new technology threatens to breach even the privacy of our brains. Looking at a recent case on this issue in the Supreme Court in Chile, Sydney Law School research addresses the need for Australia to protect our human rights and to reconsider many areas of law.
	Research says emergence of 'local energy communities' likely, but pricing will need to be determined The Norwegian government's new sharing scheme for self-generated, renewable energy, which came into force on 1 October, represents one of many steps on the road to local electricity sharing. The scheme enables electricity customers in housing cooperatives, multi-person dwellings and business premises to share the electricity they generate from installations such as solar panels. It will also enable them to avoid paying grid tariffs and other charges for their electricity consumption.
	Researchers create protocol to test AI debiasing methods A research team led by Brock University has developed a way to help programmers evaluate the robustness of debiasing methods on language models such as ChatGPT, which help to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate speech as artificial intelligence (AI) generates text.
	Apple AirTags can track a lost suitcase, but slow to alert for stalking, researchers say Apple AirTags are great for keeping track of your wallet or phone.
	Green dreams: Algae biorefineries could help in the race to net zero The world is looking for new solutions to address the challenges we're facing in the race to net zero. Things we rely on each day, like transport, agriculture and plastics are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions.
	California suspends tests of GM's Cruise self-driving car California authorities on Tuesday suspended testing of Cruise driverless cars put to work in the US state as robotaxis by General Motors, citing safety concerns following a series of accidents and other problems.
	Microsoft profits beat expectations, cloud business heats up Tech giant Microsoft said Tuesday its profits rose in the latest quarter, boosted by its strength in the closely watched cloud services segment.
	How can social media be better? Four researchers compare strategies Major platform social media is in an upheaval. Bluesky and Meta's Threads want to be Twitter. LinkedIn's influence is rising. Meanwhile, Twitter has become X. And X wants to be an everything app—possibly including job listings, payment and ride-hailing—even as advertising revenue flounders. Amid this, op-ed after op-ed announces the impending death of social media.
	Researchers speed up design of next-gen biomedical implants, aerospace materials From bone-like medical implants to stronger, more fuel-efficient aircraft parts, advanced structural materials can take a long time to move from laboratories to industrial applications—but researchers at the University of Toronto are harnessing the power of machine learning to fast-track that process.
	A medium-voltage string inverter for photovoltaics The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE has developed and successfully commissioned the world's first medium-voltage string inverter for large-scale power plants. By feeding power into the medium-voltage grid, the "MS-LeiKra" project team has demonstrated that PV inverters are technically capable of handling higher voltage levels.
	Google Maps disables live traffic data in Israel, Gaza at Israeli military's request Alphabet Inc."s Google is disabling live traffic conditions in Israel and the Gaza Strip for its Maps and Waze apps at the request of the Israeli military, ahead of a potential ground invasion into Gaza.
	General Motors profits top estimates on limited Q3 strike hit General Motors reported better-than-expected quarterly profits Tuesday behind strong US sales and a limited impact from a labor strike that began late in the quarter.
	US auto union expands strike after GM profits top estimates The US auto workers union announced Tuesday it had extended its strike to a giant General Motors truck plant as it called on the company to sweeten a pay offer in light of strong quarterly profits.
	Researchers propose lasers as a viable alternative to high-temperature roasting for smelting zinc One of the leading causes of pollution in China is the non-ferrous metallurgical industry, which processes heavy metals for use in a variety of industries. In an effort to meet China's goals of carbon neutrality before 2060, researchers are studying how to reduce carbon emissions in this vital industry. In a recently published paper, researchers propose smelting zinc with lasers instead of traditional high-temperature roasting and electrolysis.

Chemistry news

	New ammonia reaction could offer a sustainable source of nitrogen A big goal in chemistry is to find a simple way to produce amines from ammonia and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Catalytic addition to activate and transfer ammonia would not give rise to any waste. Hence, the process would be sustainable.
	Researchers discover scalable production technique for low-calorie sugar substitute Scientists at the University of California, Davis, in partnership with the Mars Advanced Research Institute, have announced a significant breakthrough in the production of low-calorie sugar substitutes, such as allulose. This discovery could help address one of the primary obstacles to the widespread adoption of these alternatives: production costs.
	Scientists shed light on potential breakthrough biomedical molecule Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have gained valuable insights into producing nitroxide, a molecule with potential applications in the biomedical field. While nitric oxide (NO) has long been on researchers' radar for its significant physiological effects, its lesser-known cousin, nitroxide (HNO), has remained largely unexplored.
	Single-atom catalysis: In search of 'holy grails' in catalysis In the field of catalysis, the term "holy grail" reactions refers to those reactions that hold significant scientific, economic, and environmental sustainability value for the future of humanity. These reactions harness abundant and readily available resources on Earth, such as methane (CH4), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2), to produce various valuable chemical products.
	New migration strategy to boost CO2 reduction to CO Classical strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) theory describes the way reducible oxide migrates to the surface of metal nanoparticles (NPs) to obtain metal@oxide encapsulation structure during high-temperature H2 thermal treatment, resulting in high selectivity and stability.
	Ultra-long room temperature phosphorescence of indium-based organic inorganic metal halide A study published in the journal Science China Chemistry found that PBA3[InCl6]·H2O exhibits a special "herringbone" stacking mode that enables abundant weak interactions between organic ligands and metal halide units. While the light source with 420 nm wavelength is used for excitation, the crystals preferentially display the ultra-long triplet phosphorescent emission with 290.4 ms lifetime decay.

Biology news

	Finding the genes that help kingfishers dive without hurting their brains If you've ever belly-flopped into a pool, then you know: water can be surprisingly hard if you hit it at the wrong angle. But many species of kingfishers dive headfirst into water to catch their fishy prey. In a new study in the journal Communications Biology, researchers compared the DNA of 30 different kingfisher species to zero in on the genes that might help explain the birds' diet and ability to dive without sustaining brain damage.
	New methods for effective transport of large genes in gene therapy One problem in gene therapy is that not all genes transfer equally well into the target cells. UZH researchers have now developed a flexible method to transfer large genes efficiently and without significant side effects. The approach has strong potential for therapeutic use.
	How eggs of the Zika-carrying mosquito survive desiccation Eggs of the mosquito that carries Zika virus can tolerate extended desiccation by altering their metabolism, according to a new study published October 24th in the open access journal PLOS Biology by Anjana Prasad, Sunil Laxman, and colleagues at the Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine in Bengaluru, India and the Indian Institute of Technology in Mandi, India. The finding offers potential new ways to control the spread of this mosquito.
	How mosquito-controlling bacteria might also enhance insect fertility A new study reveals biological mechanisms by which a specific strain of bacteria in the Wolbachia genus might enhance the fertility of the insects it infects—with potentially important implications for mosquito-control strategies. Shelbi Russell of the University of California Santa Cruz, US, and colleagues reported these findings in the open access journal PLOS Biology on October 24th.
	Getting maximum calories in shortest time is the priority for bumblebees Research has found that bumblebees make foraging choices to collect the most sugar from flowers in the shortest time—even if that means using more energy in the process—to provide an immediate energy boost for the colony.
	Model can predict the evolution of new COVID variants An international research team from the University of Cologne and the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai (New York) has developed a model that predicts the likely evolution of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
	Scientists uncover cause of mysterious deaths of elephants in Zimbabwe A bacterium, closely associated with deadly septicemia, could have caused the deaths of six African elephants in Zimbabwe and possibly more in neighboring countries. The findings place infectious diseases on the list of pressures on African elephants, whose populations continue to be under threat.
	Two new pygmy squids discovered among the corals of Japan The seagrass beds and coral reefs surrounding the Japanese sub-tropical islands of Okinawa are some of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. Home to more than 360 species of coral alone, these beautiful yet fragile underwater groves provide the habitat for countless species of animals.
	How to slow the spread of deadly 'superbugs' Harnessing new advances in genomic surveillance technology could help detect the rise of deadly "superbugs" and slow their evolution and spread, improving global health outcomes, a new Australian study suggests.
	New study on the importance of tree leaves for carbon dioxide storage In a large-scale study with almost 400 partners, researchers worldwide have collected data on tree species, to which scientists from Bayreuth have contributed their knowledge about the Kilimanjaro region. The study, which has now been published in the journal Nature Plants, improves our understanding of the different leaf types of trees and thus enables us to draw conclusions about ecosystems and the CO2 cycle.
	Geographers propose way for governments to help keep consumers' grocery costs down Hikes in grocery prices—11% last year alone—often arise from factors outside of governments' control, whether it's bird flu driving up egg costs or heavy rain and flooding in California drowning crops of veggies, nuts and berries.
	Research finds global precipitation patterns a driver for animal diversity Since the HMS Beagle arrived in the Galapagos with Charles Darwin to meet a fateful family of finches, ecologists have struggled to understand a particularly perplexing question: Why is there a ridiculous abundance of species some places on Earth and a scarcity in others? What factors, exactly, drive animal diversity?
	Small but mighty: The hidden power of broccoli sprouts Remember when your parents used to say, "Eat your greens, they are good for you"? Well, they were really onto something. Several studies have shown that higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the United States, are associated with reduced risks of diseases such as diabetes and cancer, thanks to their organosulfur compounds, such as glucosinolates and isothiocyanates that exhibit a broad spectrum of bioactivities including antioxidant activity. However, few studies have focused on the endogenous content of polysulfide in broccoli sprouts.
	New data gathered by citizen scientists reveal two biggest threats to wombats Launched in 2015, WomSAT (Wombat Survey and Analysis Tool) is a citizen science project and website that allows "wombat warriors" to report sightings of wombats, their burrows, and even their cube-shaped poops.
	How bacteria support wound healing Although they were not recognized as agents of disease until the late 19th century, the detrimental effects of bacterial infections have been known to humans for thousands of years. Some have even become mythical—for example, during the American Civil War (1861–1865), flesh wounds that "glowed" in the dark were thought to have a lower infection risk and a better chance of healing.
	A new versatile tool for studying fish hormones may transform fish farming Dr. Itamar Harel, along with Ph.D. student Eitan Moses and postdoctoral researcher Dr. Roman Franek, all from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has introduced an innovative platform for controlling peptide hormones in fish, providing a fast and effective way to study fish biology extensively. Its potential uses go beyond research, including the ability to transform fish farming techniques, administration of hormones in the clinic, and explore ways to prolong vertebrate lifespan.
	More animal welfare or more environmental protection: Which is the better goal? Which sustainability goals do people in Germany find more important: Animal welfare? Or environmental protection? Human health is another one of these competing sustainability goals.
	Using mathematical modeling to save coral reefs A team of researchers at the University of Waterloo is using mathematical models to help determine the best strategies for saving coral reefs from climate change.
	Kola nut: From nanofertilizer to protecting metals from corrosion—research finds new uses for the valuable plant The kola nut tree is grown for its seed. The tree is indigenous to west Africa, where it is widely cultivated. It's now also found in Asia, South America and the Caribbean.
	Biases found in coral reef research Coral reefs support approximately 25% of marine species, and are essential to coastal economies, such as the fishing and tourism industries, to name a few. But coral reefs worldwide are at risk due to climate change and are on the brink of collapse.
	Research investigates reproductive resource defense in golden rocket frogs Some things in life are worth fighting for. For animals, the defense of space, known as territoriality, usually functions to safeguard valuable resources like food and mates. However, for a species of tropical frog, researchers have recently discovered a surprising addition to things that adults find worth defending: suitable nurseries.
	Using airborne DNA to track bats Catching bats is a difficult task—they're small, they fly and they blend into the night when they're out after dark. That can make studying these mammals challenging, despite their ubiquity: bats are found on nearly every part of the planet except the most extreme hot and cold, and they're all over Arizona.
	EU legislators vote to slash use of pesticides EU legislators on Tuesday voted to slash use of pesticides by half across the bloc, despite opposition from some conservative groups.
	New deadly bird flu cases reported in Iowa, joining 3 other states as disease resurfaces Two commercial turkey farms in Iowa have been hit by the reemerging highly pathogenic bird flu, causing about 100,000 birds to be killed to prevent the disease from spreading.
	Deep freezing native plants at risk of extinction A process similar to that used to store human embryos is being used by scientists at The University of Queensland to save native Australian plants under threat from the invasive fungus, myrtle rust.
	Wildlife biologist explains bat myths It's officially spooky season: Nights are creeping in earlier. A fall chill has descended. Skeletons and witches and jack-o-lanterns dot every street.

Medicine and Health news

	Study unveils a cortico-amygdala neural substrate supporting fear extinction via endocannabinoids Endogenous cannabinoids, or endocannabinoids for short, are lipid-based neurotransmitters known to support various physiological processes. Recent studies have hinted at the role of these neurotransmitters in so-called fear extinction, the process through which fear towards a particular stimulus diminishes after repeated and safe exposure to this stimulus.
	Mesh is no better than sutures for hiatal hernia repair, long-term study finds Researchers led by Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, have conducted a long-term study regarding the use of mesh reinforcement in hiatal hernia repair for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
	New research finds two regions of the brain critical to integrating semantic information while reading Two different regions of the brain are critical to integrating semantic information while reading, which could shed more light on why people with aphasia have difficulty with semantics, according to new research from UTHealth Houston.
	Certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl 'forever chemicals' identified as potential risk factor for thyroid cancer Mount Sinai researchers have discovered a link between certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and an increased risk for thyroid cancer, according to a study published in eBioMedicine today.
	Collective intelligence can help reduce medical misdiagnoses Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, the Institute for Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology developed a collective intelligence approach to increase the accuracy of medical diagnoses. Their work was recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	New insight into the immune response forges a path toward improved medical implants Introducing medical devices—commonly made of materials such as titanium, silicone, or collagen—into our bodies can elicit a host of different immune responses. While some responses can harm our bodies, others can help heal them. Researchers have not fully grasped the rhyme or reason behind the body's reactions, but a new study fills in a critical piece of the puzzle.
	Taking a census of all the immune cells in the human body A team of environmental and molecular biologists at the Weizmann Institute of Science, working with a colleague from the Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital and another with The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, all in Israel, has conducted a census of the immune cells that reside in the human body. The group describes their endeavor in a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	Researchers show how cancer cells resist chemotherapy A study in human cell lines reveals cancer cells can activate a force-generating mechanism to survive a cancer therapy.
	Using ions and an electric field to prevent airborne infection without impeding communication A novel device developed by researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and Chiba University in a new study utilizes ions and an electric field to effectively capture infectious droplets and aerosols, while letting light and sound pass through to allow communication. The innovation is significant in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, since it shows promise in preventing airborne infection while facilitating communication.
	Child care centers unlikely source for COVID-19 transmission, study finds Children in child care centers are not spreading COVID-19 at significant rates to caregivers or other children at the center, nor to their households, according to a study led by University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh pediatrician-scientists and published in JAMA Network Open.
	Researchers identify 'switch' to activate cancer cell death A research team from the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center has identified a crucial epitope (a protein section that can activate the larger protein) on the CD95 receptor that can cause cells to die. This new ability to trigger programmed cell death could open the door for improved cancer treatments. The findings were published Oct. 14 in the journal Cell Death & Differentiation.
	We can't defeat cancer without acknowledging the differences between men and women, say scientists For generations, the medical community has used the "standard human"—a 70-kilogram male—to guide education, research and practice. This means that for many conditions, although the recommended type, dosage and duration of treatment may be effective for the group of males who happen to weigh close to 70 kg, they might be far from optimal for most of the population, including all females.
	Lung cancer cells covertly thrive in brain under guise of protection, study finds Lung cancer cells that metastasize to the brain survive by convincing brain cells called astrocytes that they are baby neurons in need of protection, according to a study by researchers at Stanford Medicine.
	Reprogramming of energy metabolism restores cardiac function after infarction in mice After birth, the human heart loses its regenerative capacity almost completely. Damage to the heart muscle—for example, due to a heart attack—therefore usually leads to a permanent loss of function in adults. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research have now shown for the first time in mice that a change in the energy metabolism of heart muscle cells enables heart regeneration.
	Smartphone attachment could increase racial fairness in neurological screening Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed a smartphone attachment that could enable people to screen for a variety of neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury, at low cost—and do so accurately regardless of their skin tone.
	Dietary selenium may help fight acute myeloid leukemia, researchers report Selenium-enriched diets may help ward off myeloid leukemia, and a new study led by researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences has described the mechanism by which this occurs.
	Uncovering the role of skin microbiome and immune response in cutaneous leishmaniasis The parasitic disease leishmaniasis is found primarily in Central and South America, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Central Asia and is transmitted to humans by a sand fly. An estimated 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis—the most common form of the disease—occur each year. There is no vaccine, and treatment with anti-parasitic drugs is often unsuccessful.
	Physical therapy clinical trial demonstrates meaningful gains for stroke survivors It was 3 o'clock in the morning when Larry Christian awoke to sudden pain in his left hand and arm. He didn't think much of it and managed to fall back asleep. The next day, he got up, and his wife noticed he was bouncing off the walls.
	New clues to early development of schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease that remains poorly understood and treated. Schizophrenia onset is typically in adolescence or early adulthood, but its underlying causes are thought to involve neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Because human prenatal and postnatal brain tissue is exceedingly difficult to procure and therefore study, researchers have had limited opportunities to identify early disease mechanisms, especially during the critical prenatal period.
	Exercise found to be nearly as good as Viagra in overcoming erectile dysfunction A trio of medical researchers has found that many men experiencing erectile dysfunction can overcome much of the problem by simply engaging in aerobic exercise. In their study, reported in The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Mohit Khera, Samir Bhattacharyya, and Larry Miller analyzed the results of 11 randomized, controlled trials that involved testing the impact of exercise and drugs like Viagra to treat men with erectile dysfunction.
	Study associates reduced activity of a key enzyme with microcephaly in Zika-infected offspring Mice that were infected with Zika virus during pregnancy and developed microcephaly displayed less activity of Ndel1, an enzyme that plays a key role in neuron proliferation, differentiation and migration during embryo development, according to an article published in the Journal of Neurochemistry.
	Epigenetically acting drugs could support cancer immunotherapy Epigenetically active drugs enable the cell to read parts oft he genome that were previously blocked and inaccessible. This leads to the formation of new mRNA transcripts and also new proteins, as scientists from the German Cancer Research Center and the University Hospital Tübingen have now described in research published in Nature Communications. These "therapy-induced epitopes" could help the immune system recognize cancer cells.
	Newly discovered compound blocks signaling pathway of immune response Scientists at CeMM, the Medical University of Vienna, and the University of Lausanne have succeeded for the first time in identifying and characterizing a new small molecule called "Feeblin," which can inhibit the interaction of the transporter protein SLC15A4 with the adapter protein TASL. Both proteins are part of proinflammatory signaling pathways in the body. In particular, patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus (SLE) could benefit from inhibiting the signaling pathway.
	What an animated taco reveals about curiosity and patience Curiosity paradoxically increases people's patience for an answer, while simultaneously making them more eager to hear it, finds a new study by Duke neuroscientists.
	Tai chi may curb Parkinson's disease symptoms and complications for several years Tai chi, the Chinese martial art that involves sequences of very slow controlled movements, may curb the symptoms and complications of Parkinson's disease for several years, reveals research published online in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
	Major study gives new insights into lasting impacts of COVID-19 on UK population Tens of thousands of people in England may have lasting symptoms from COVID-19 more than a year after infection, new analysis reveals.
	Texas sand fly may carry parasites that cause disfiguring skin disease, study says A tropical disease once seen almost exclusively in returning travelers is now being detected in Texas and the South in people with no international travel history—caused by a parasite strain that's different from the imported cases, new evidence suggests.
	Incidence rate of abortions reduced during COVID-19 pandemic, according to study The incidence rate of abortions decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly driven by procedural abortions, according to a study published online Oct. 24 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Chronic traumatic encephalopathy risk increases with longer rugby careers, study finds A rugby player's risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) increases the longer their career lasts, according to a new landmark study involving Boston University researchers.
	Burning sugarcane possible cause of mystery kidney disease in agricultural workers The burning of sugarcane and rice husks may be releasing a toxicant causing a mysterious kidney disease in agricultural workers, according to a paper in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases.
	Uncovering the mysteries of milk allergy Cow's milk allergy is the most common type of food allergy in children—it's also the weirdest.
	Major pathologic response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in advanced melanoma trial exceeds 50% In exploratory analyses of results from the SWOG S1801 trial in patients with stage III-IV resectable melanoma, researchers saw a major pathologic response in more than half of surgical specimens taken from patients who had been treated with neoadjuvant (pre-operative) pembrolizumab.
	New tool may flag signs of pandemic-related anxiety and depression in health care workers An artificial intelligence tool effectively detected distress in hospital workers' conversations with their therapists early in the pandemic, a new study shows, suggesting a potential new technology that screens for depression and anxiety.
	Blood test detects tumors early in families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome Researchers from The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR) and University Health Network (UHN) have demonstrated that by analyzing patients' blood samples, they are able to detect cancer earlier in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, an inherited condition with an almost 100% life-time risk of developing cancer.
	Study supports minimally invasive procedure as aortic stenosis treatment Patients with a dysfunctional aortic heart valve who received a new, prosthetic valve through a minimally invasive procedure had similar outcomes at five years as those who underwent open-heart surgery, a new study shows.
	Study shows the microbiome of fruit and vegetables positively influences diversity in the gut Bacterial diversity in the gut plays an important role in human health. The crucial question, however, is where are the sources of this diversity?
	Estimating hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections in England An estimated 95,000–167,000 inpatients at English National Health Service (NHS) hospitals caught SARS-CoV-2 while in hospital during England's "second wave" of COVID-19, between June 2020 and March 2021, reports a paper, "The burden and dynamics of hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 in England," published in Nature.
	Noninvasive technique helps visualize inflammatory cells in human heart A study in Nature Cardiovascular Research by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis explores a new, noninvasive imaging technique that helps scientists visualize immune cells in the human heart.
	Listening to youth voices was missing in the COVID-19 pandemic response, researchers say The new school year has brought about another increase in COVID-19 cases.
	Better cancer diagnosis thanks to digital 3D images It all started with an innocuous question at the start of Francesca Catto's doctoral thesis: Wouldn't it be nice if tissue samples could be colored and digitally displayed as a 3D image? For more than 100 years, histology, a branch of pathology that deals with tissue changes, has been using an analog method that involves cutting tissue samples into micrometer-thin slices (about 7 times thinner than a human hair) and examining them for pathological mutations under the microscope. This technique results in 1 in 6 people being misdiagnosed and cancer cells going undetected.
	AI tool outperforms prior methods for colorectal cancer analysis Researchers from the University of Jyväskylä in collaboration with the Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku and Nova Central Finland have developed an artificial intelligence tool for automatic colorectal cancer tissue analysis. The refined neural network outperformed all previous methods of evaluation.
	Q&A: Why do we love carbs so much? The food science behind our favorites October may be best known for seasonal treats such as pumpkin spice lattes and Halloween candy, but with national months celebrating pizza, pasta and pretzels laying claim to the season, the month can be a carb lover's dream.
	Older adults from distressed communities attend less cardiac rehab after heart procedures, study finds Older adults who live in disadvantaged communities are less likely to attend cardiac rehabilitation after common heart procedures, a Michigan Medicine-led study finds.
	Proximity to traffic linked to increased dementia risk and brain structural changes Living near major roadways correlates with a higher incidence of dementia and alterations in brain structure, largely due to traffic-related air pollution, according to a study conducted in China and the UK. The research, recently published in Health Data Science, sheds new light on the public health implications of traffic-related pollution and dementia, a growing concern worldwide.
	Will module assembly become the next generation of engineering modality for vascularized organotypic tissues? The promise of human organotypic tissues for tissue development, disease modeling, and drug testing is widely recognized, but limitations around cell density, vascular structure, and scale must be solved before that potential is realized.
	Case report shows promising results using transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke ataxia In a new case report, researchers at UCLA Health describe promising results using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the management of post-stroke cerebellar ataxia, a debilitating condition marked by impaired coordination and balance.
	Study suggests even more reasons to eat your fiber Health professionals have long praised the benefits of insoluble fiber for bowel regularity and overall health. New research from the University of Minnesota suggests even more reasons we should be prioritizing fiber in our regular diets.
	Examining the normative values of vertical jump (VJ) and sit-and-reach (SR) for China's general population Muscle fitness is a crucial component of health-related fitness, playing a fundamental role in the maintenance of overall well-being and the preservation of regular physical mobility in individuals. The assessment of physical fitness and muscular function can be done through tests such as vertical jump (VJ) and sit-and-reach (SR) assessments.
	How antidepressants, ketamine and psychedelic drugs may make brains more flexible—new research The first-line pharmacological treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) are antidepressant drugs known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). But a significant proportion of people don't respond to these drugs.
	EPA to ban carcinogenic chemical found in degreasers, cleaners The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposes to ban a cancer-causing chemical commonly used as a furniture cleaner and degreaser.
	Shortage of shots that protect babies against RSV prompts CDC alert Demand for a new shot that protects babies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has outpaced supply, prompting U.S. health officials to recommend the doses be saved for high-risk infants.
	Mediterranean diet plus exercise burns fat, adds muscle Rich in colorful fruits and vegetables, healthy fats and lean proteins, a Mediterranean style of eating consistently earns accolades for its long list of health benefits, including the prevention of heart disease and diabetes.
	Sotorasib + panitumumab beneficial for chemorefractory metastatic CRC For patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer, the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib in combination with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor panitumumab results in longer progression-free survival than standard treatment, according to a study published online Oct. 22 in the New England Journal of Medicine. The research was published to coincide with the annual meeting of the European Society for Medical Oncology, held from Oct. 20 to 24 in Madrid.
	Researchers: Indonesia needs to triple its funding to control tuberculosis—here's where to start Indonesia is still struggling to fight tuberculosis (TB), with the second-highest number of cases worldwide.
	Study explores risk factors for suicide in farmers A new University of Alberta study exploring the risk factors that make farmers vulnerable to suicide could help them build better resilience.
	Study finds test to assist prisoners could provide health system relief A study led by The University of Western Australia has found a simple screening test to identify at-risk prisoners could reduce hospitalizations related to substance use, providing relief for a health system already under strain.
	Researchers develop new resource to aid in cancer surveillance at US cancer centers With the creation of Cancer InFocus, the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center's Community Impact Office introduced a new tool monitoring the geographic burden of cancer. This resource—launched in 2022—combines powerful data collection software with an interactive online application to accelerate gaining insight from data in the fight against America's second leading cause of death.
	Q&A: Hypertension expert on optimizing blood pressure High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a common condition affecting nearly half of U.S. adults. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 48% of Americans have high blood pressure—defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 130 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 80 mmHg. A major risk factor for heart disease and other serious health problems, high blood pressure is more common in adults aged 45 and older and disproportionately affects non-white Americans.
	Q&A: Building a future for testing medical products using non-animal models For a long time, we've relied on animal testing to advance human health. It's been considered necessary to develop new and effective medical treatments that save human lives. But what if we could reduce or even eliminate the need for animal testing altogether? What if we could turn to innovative, ethical alternatives that are not only more effective but also more humane?
	AI in histopathology image analysis for cancer precision medicine In recent years, there have been rapid advancements in the field of computational pathology, which refers to the application of computational methods in pathology workflows. Traditional pathology involves the study of diseases by examining tissues, organs, and bodily fluids. In computational pathology, digital pathology images are analyzed using computer algorithms to extract meaningful information.
	New evidence explains how warming-up enhances muscle performance Everybody knows the importance of warming up your muscles before a workout. But what is actually going on when we warm our muscles up, and are all muscles the same? You might be surprised to find out that the science behind this routine activity hasn't always been clear.
	Complex PTSD linked to suicidal behavior in sexual minorities A study from the University of Georgia has found that complex post-traumatic stress disorder—a type of PTSD caused by chronic, long-lasting or repeated traumatic events—plays an important role in how trauma impacts lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals.
	An updated test measures how well 'good cholesterol' works High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often called "good cholesterol," removes extra cholesterol from the arteries by gobbling up early-forming plaque and transporting it to the liver, which flushes it out of the body. It's an essential job: when too much plaque accumulates in the arteries, it can narrow blood vessels and impede blood flow, or even rupture. This can lead to severe events, including heart attacks and stroke.
	Children as young as 4 eat more when bored, study shows A new study carried out at Aston University has shown that children as young as 4 years old eat 79% more calories when they are bored, compared to when they are in a neutral mood.
	Study finds that 20–25 minutes of daily physical activity may offset death risk from prolonged sitting Clocking up just 20–25 minutes of physical activity every day may be enough to offset the heightened risk of death from a highly sedentary lifestyle, suggests research published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
	Screening for diabetic eye disease every 2 years for those at 'low risk' could risk treatment delays and/or sight loss Extending the annual screen by a year for people in England considered to be at low risk of diabetic eye disease (diabetic retinopathy) could risk critical treatment delays and/or sight loss, suggests a large, real world data study, published online in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.
	TAVR and Watchman procedures together yield similar outcomes to blood thinners after TAVR for atrial fibrillation Findings from a trial led by Cleveland Clinic show that patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) at the same time as a left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) procedure using the Watchman device had similar outcomes as patients getting TAVR in addition to medical therapy or blood thinners.
	Study shows thyroid cancer is more common among transgender female veterans A new study by UC Davis Health endocrinology researchers has shown a high prevalence of thyroid cancer among transgender female veterans. It's the first evidence of such a disparity in the transgender female population in the United States.
	Examining sexual health equity in emergency care Research from experts at Michigan Medicine is highlighting the potential for additional at-home assistance for partners of those who are treated in the emergency department for a sexually transmitted infection.
	Rising harassment drives mental health crisis among US medical workers American health workers are facing a mental health crisis intensified by rising harassment that spiked during the COVID pandemic, according to an official report published Tuesday.
	The sunscreen paradox: Researchers warn of 'false sense of security' Sunscreen usage is climbing, but so are melanoma and skin cancer rates: this, researchers say, is the sunscreen paradox.
	Noninvasive multitarget stool RNA test found to have high sensitivity for colorectal neoplasia A noninvasive, multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) test has high sensitivity for detecting colorectal neoplasia, according to a study published online Oct. 23 in the Journal of the American Medical Association to coincide with the annual meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology, held from Oct. 20 to 25 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
	Impact of cancer predisposing variants on mortality examined in survivors Childhood cancer survivors who are carriers of cancer predisposing variants have increased subsequent malignant neoplasm-related late mortality, according to a study published in the October issue of The Lancet Oncology.
	Combined oral contraceptives found to increase risk for irritable bowel syndrome Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are associated with higher risks for developing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its subtypes, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology, held from Oct. 20 to 25 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
	Collaborative study identifies potential targets to treat the most common childhood liver cancer Hepatoblastoma is the most frequent liver cancer in childhood. Despite the advances in its combined treatment involving surgery and chemotherapy, this disease presents significant therapeutic challenges, especially for patients with aggressive tumors.
	Japanese registry finds use of IVUS in coronary interventions reduces mortality and need for coronary bypass surgery A novel study conducted by a Japanese multicenter registry has revealed the significant benefits of using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in coronary intervention procedures. The comprehensive analysis, which focused on enhancing patient outcomes, has provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of IVUS in improving the success rates of these interventions.
	After body contouring, bariatric surgery patients regain more weight than non-bariatric patients: Study Patients with previous bariatric surgery who undergo body contouring (BC) regain more weight at long-term follow-up, compared to BC patients who did not have bariatric surgery, reports a study in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
	Large, real-world study compares modern treatment options for pulmonary embolism A large, modern real-world analysis published today in the Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions provides vital insights into the safety of novel therapies including ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (USCDT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) that have been developed to address the increased morbidity and mortality of elevated risk pulmonary embolism (PE). Findings were presented today at TCT 2023.
	Q&A: Can you use medicine and prescriptions past the expiration date? When a headache calls and the only ibuprofen in the house is a bottle that is expired, is it worth a trip out to replace it?
	Few transplant surgeons are Black. Giving medical students a rare peek at organ donation may help It's long after midnight when the bustling operating room suddenly falls quiet –- a moment of silence to honor the man lying on the table.
	Many women can't access miscarriage drug because it's also used for abortions Since losing her first pregnancy four months ago, 32-year-old Lulu has struggled to return to her body's old rhythms. Lulu, who asked to be identified by her first name to protect her privacy, bled for six full weeks after her miscarriage and hasn't had a normal menstrual cycle since.
	How substance use services can better support LGBTQ+ people LGBTQ+ people in the UK face significant barriers to accessing substance use services, due to a number of factors, including fear of discrimination and stigma. Our research has shed light on these barriers and offers ideas for better helping this community.
	Q&A: Breakthroughs in medicine—top virologist on the two most important developments for Africa There have been several important breakthroughs in medical science recently. Crispr, mRNA, next-generation cancer treatments and game-changing vaccines are some of them. Oyewale Tomori, a virologist with decades-long involvement in managing diseases in Nigeria, gives his verdict on the most significant discoveries and what they mean for Africa.
	'Bone smashing': Broken bones, tooth loss and blood vessel damage are among the harms of this TikTok trend The internet never ceases to amaze when it comes to the bizarre health crazes people are willing to try. One of the latest social media trends is "bone smashing"—and it's every bit as inadvisable as it sounds.
	Viral rebound and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for lung-transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Data on the viral rebound and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in lung transplant (LTx) recipients are limited. A study published in Biosafety and Health prospectively followed four LTx recipients. Clinical characteristics, viral RNA dynamic in throat swabs, and tacrolimus blood concentration were monitored regularly.
	Q&A: Improving patient–doctor communication When patients don't feel heard by their doctors, there's an erosion of trust that can lead to serious health consequences—even if clinicians have their patients' best interests in mind.
	Integrative analysis reveals metabolic switch in aging astrocytes A new research paper titled "Metabolic switch in the aging astrocyte supported via integrative approach comprising network and transcriptome analyses" has been published in Aging.
	Artificial intelligence may help predict infection risks after implant-based breast reconstruction Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques may provide a more accurate approach to predicting the risk of periprosthetic infection after implant-based breast reconstruction, reports a study in the November issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
	From teleoperation to autonomous robot-assisted microsurgery: A survey Microsurgery requires manipulating delicate tissue or fragile structures such as small blood vessels, nerves, and tubes through a microscope. The operation accuracy of humans' hand is about 0.1 mm under optimal conditions, which makes microsurgical operation challenging. Physiological tremors or high-frequency involuntary hand movements with amplitude over 100 mm may influence safety during microsurgical operations.

Other Sciences news

	Exploring the history of the baboons of early Egypt In ancient Egypt, various deities were portrayed as animals. Thoth, the god of learning and wisdom was represented by a hamadryas baboon. Baboons, probably held in captivity in Egypt, were mummified as votive offerings after their deaths. Today, no wild baboons live in Egypt, and there is no evidence to suggest that these primates did so in the past.
	New study shows which neighborhoods police spend most time patrolling Using anonymized smartphone data from nearly 10,000 police officers in 21 large U.S. cities, research from Indiana University finds officers on patrol spend more time in predominantly Black and Hispanic neighborhoods.
	Are retrospective adjustments to sustainability reports helping CEOs score a bonus? A lack of clarity around sustainability reporting is allowing ASX-listed companies to retrospectively alter figures, ensuring CEO bonus pay tied to these metrics is realized, new research suggests.
	Making chemistry more accessible at a university by providing period products When it comes to the question of who gets to be a scientist, gender disparities are well-documented in many fields. Patching the infamous "leaky pipeline" can be a thorny problem, but during the 2022–2023 school year, the Department of Chemistry at the University of Oxford took a simple and practical step forward: they began offering period products in the department's bathrooms.
	School debate programs linked to improvements in academic achievement, graduation rates, and college enrollment Participating in policy debate programs in middle and high school is associated with improvements in English language arts (ELA) achievement and increases in the likelihood that students graduate from high school and enroll in postsecondary education, according to new research.
	Chatbots might disrupt math and computer science classes. Some teachers see upsides For as long as Jake Price has been a teacher, Wolfram Alpha—a website that solves algebraic problems online—has threatened to make algebra homework obsolete.
	Israel-Palestine conflict: How sharing the waters of the Jordan River could be a pathway to peace When the Israeli government cut off supplies of water to the Gaza Strip following Hamas's brutal attack, it put the role of water within human conflict into particularly sharp relief.
	In times of war, digital activism has power. Here's how to engage responsibly As armed conflict continues to play out in the Israel–Gaza war, a separate battle is raging to control the narrative being presented to the world.
	Audience expectations: Study shows patrons expect to see white ballerinas From Clara in "The Nutcracker" to the nymphs in "Afternoon of a Faun," a new study from UConn researchers is among the first to empirically document what many dance enthusiasts have known for some time: Audience members expect the ballerinas they see on stage to be white.
	Givers to crowdfunding campaigns enjoy vicarious success, says study Why would someone decide to give their money to help a stranger bring a creative project to life? Recent research in the Journal of Consumer Research has found that backers of crowdfunding projects participate, in part, because of a sense of indirect success and the feeling that they are contributing to something bigger.
	Accidental managers: Why people who are great at their job can fail when they get promoted There's a saying that people don't quit their job, they quit their boss. And poor management certainly has a lot to answer for in the UK workplace. A staggering 82% of new managers in the UK are what the Chartered Management Institute (CMI) calls "accidental managers", according to a YouGov survey commissioned among 4,500 workers and managers in June, which has recently been published.
	Artificial intelligence skills can increase salaries by as much as 40%, study suggests Workers with artificial intelligence skills are "particularly valuable," and command salaries 21% higher than average, but potentially up to 40% higher—in part because these skills can be combined with other valuable skills—according to a study from researchers at the Oxford Internet Institute, and the Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen.
	College students in minoritized groups feel less confident about peer support in event of sexual assault, study finds College students who identify as part of minoritized groups have more negative perceptions about how their peers might react if they were to disclose experiences of sexual violence, a recent Oregon State University study found.
	Q&A: Do guns belong in the hands of domestic abusers? On Nov. 7, the Supreme Court is scheduled to begin hearing United States v. Rahimi, a gun rights case that will decide if a federal law prohibiting possession of firearms by people subject to domestic violence protection orders is Constitutional—in other words, if an abuser who has a protection order or restraining order against them can legally keep their guns, according to Kelly Roskam, director of law and policy at the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions.
	Mobilizing children's creative learning with free mobile coding app A group of schoolchildren in Chile walk on a hillside, taking photos of plants and animals with mobile devices. They later integrate the photos into animated stories about the local environment.
	Colorado prisons vulnerable to natural disasters but may be ill-prepared Three-quarters of Colorado prisons are likely to experience a natural disaster in the coming years, but due to aging infrastructure and outdated policies, many are ill-equipped to keep residents safe, suggests new University of Colorado Boulder research.
	Cold storage research could put a freeze on red meat waste A new report shows inconsistent fridge temperatures and confusing cold storage advice could be contributing to meat waste in Aussie households.
	Greta Thunberg is far from the only neurodivergent climate activist Amid her calls for governments to act on climate change, Swedish activist Greta Thunberg has spoken openly about her Asperger's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. She is not the only environmental campaigner to speak about being neurodivergent (having a neurological condition or disability)—something Thunberg describes as her "superpower."

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