Science X Newsletter Wed, Nov 15

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 15, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Study resolves puzzles in gravitational collapse of gravitational waves

The 'Cosmic Vine': Astronomers discover a large structure that hosts at least 20 massive galaxies

Rapid purification and characterization of circulating small extracellular vesicles on a label-free lab-on-a-chip

Study unveils similarities between the auditory pathway and deep learning models for processing speech

New technique could speed up the development of acoustic lenses, impact-resistant films and other futuristic materials

DeepMind tool makes 10-day weather forecast in 60 seconds

NASA data reveal possible reason some exoplanets are shrinking

'Bouncing' comets could deliver building blocks for life to exoplanets

Increased threat of conflict enhances mongoose pup survival: Study challenges long-held belief on reproductive success

New deep learning AI tool helps ecologists monitor rare birds through their songs

Climate engineering could slow Antarctic ice loss, study says

Silky ants turn to aphids for medicine when sick

Two new species of racerunner lizard discovered in Iran

New process for screening old urine samples reveals previously undetected 'designer drugs'

Roaming seabirds need ocean-wide protection, research shows

Nanotechnology news

	Rapid purification and characterization of circulating small extracellular vesicles on a label-free lab-on-a-chip All cells secrete nanoscale extracellular vesicles naturally as lipid-bilayer delimited particles. Therefore they are valid biomarkers to identify a variety of diseases.
	Engineering bacteria to biosynthesize intricate protein complexes Protein cages found within microbes help its contents weather the harsh intracellular environment—an observation that has many bioengineering applications. Tokyo Tech researchers have recently developed an innovative bioengineering approach that uses genetically modified bacteria to incorporate protein cages around protein crystals. This in-cell biosynthesis method efficiently produces highly customized protein complexes, which could find applications as advanced solid catalysts and functionalized nanomaterials.
	Researchers develop nanoparticle treatment approach for optimized pancreatic cancer therapy Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancers in humans. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. The early stages of the disease often progress without symptoms, so diagnosis is usually very late. Another problem is advanced tumors—and their metastases—can no longer be completely removed. Chemotherapies, in turn, attack not only the tumor cells but also healthy cells throughout the body.
	Creating optical logic gates from graphene nanoribbons Research into artificial intelligence (AI) network computing has made significant progress in recent years but has so far been held back by the limitations of logic gates in conventional computer chips. Through new research published in The European Physical Journal D, a team led by Aijin Zhu at Guilin University of Electronic Technology, China, introduced a graphene-based optical logic gate, which addresses many of these challenges.
	Researchers develop novel selenium nanoparticles for managing postmenopausal osteoporosis As the aging population around the world grows, metabolic diseases like osteoporosis are becoming more prevalent and placing a greater burden on health care systems. Rising to this challenge, a research team led by Prof. Wong Ka-hing, Director of the Research Institute for Future Food and Professor of the Department of Food Science and Nutrition at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), has developed novel selenium nanoparticles (Cs4-SeNPs) for managing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
	Researchers engineer nanoparticles using ion irradiation to advance clean energy, fuel conversion MIT researchers and colleagues have demonstrated a way to precisely control the size, composition, and other properties of nanoparticles key to the reactions involved in a variety of clean energy and environmental technologies. They did so by leveraging ion irradiation, a technique in which beams of charged particles bombard a material.
	Researchers develop neutron-shielding film for radiation protection An advancement in neutron shielding, a critical aspect of radiation protection, has been achieved. This breakthrough is poised to revolutionize the neutron shielding industry by offering a cost-effective solution applicable to a wide range of materials surfaces.
	As microscopic materials proliferate, ensuring they are safe is a priority Researchers in Europe are working to counter potential risks from nanomaterials used by a range of industries for technological advances.

Physics news

	Study resolves puzzles in gravitational collapse of gravitational waves Black holes are regions in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing can escape them, not even light. These fascinating regions have been the focus of countless studies, yet some of the physics underlying their formation is not yet fully understood.
	New technique could speed up the development of acoustic lenses, impact-resistant films and other futuristic materials Metamaterials are products of engineering wizardry. They are made from everyday polymers, ceramics, and metals. And when constructed precisely at the microscale, in intricate architectures, these ordinary materials can take on extraordinary properties.
	CERN researchers see shape shifting in gold nuclei A little like humans, the nuclei of atoms tend to shrink as they lose weight. But atomic nuclei are complex quantum systems formed from neutrons and protons that are themselves composite particles made of quarks. As such, their usually spherical or nearly spherical shapes do not always simply shrink as particles are removed from their interior. In fact, exotic, neutron-deficient mercury and bismuth nuclei have been seen to alternate dramatically from football (soccer) shapes to rugby ball shapes as single neutrons are removed from the nucleus.
	Riddle of the Kondo effect solved with an artificial atom and a 1D wire A team of physicists at the University of Cologne has solved a long-standing problem of condensed matter physics: they have directly observed the Kondo effect (the re-grouping of electrons in a metal caused by magnetic impurities) visible in a single artificial atom. This has not been done successfully in the past, since the magnetic orbitals of atoms usually cannot be directly observed with most measurement techniques.
	Research demonstrates new type of ferromagnetism with completely different alignment of magnetic moments For a magnet to stick to a fridge door, several physical effects inside of it need to work together perfectly. The magnetic moments of its electrons all point in the same direction, even if no external magnetic field forces them to do so.
	Using heavy-ion collisions at the LHC, scientists determine the thickness of neutron 'skin' in lead-208 nuclei Lead-208 has an intriguing nucleus. It is neutron rich, containing 82 protons and 126 neutrons. One of its more interesting properties is its structure: its center is composed of both protons and neutrons, but at its edge, there is a diffuse shell of mostly neutrons. Scientists call this the neutron "skin."
	Scientists set the stage for quantum chemistry in space on NASA's cold atom lab For the first time in space, scientists have produced a mixture of two quantum gases made of two types of atoms. Accomplished with NASA's Cold Atom Laboratory aboard the International Space Station, the achievement marks another step toward bringing quantum technologies currently available only on Earth into space.
	Researchers demonstrate quantum error mitigation on prototype, extending coherent annealing range by order of magnitude D-Wave Quantum Inc. has announced research results that demonstrate successful Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) in its Advantage2 annealing quantum computing experimental prototype.
	The quark model: A personal perspective The idea that protons and neutrons were composed of even smaller particles, with non-integral electric charges, was proposed in 1963/64 by Andre Petermann, George Zweig and Murray Gell-Mann, who dubbed them "quarks." It was not until the mid-1970s, however, that the quark model became widely accepted.

Earth news

	Climate engineering could slow Antarctic ice loss, study says Scattering sunlight-reflecting particles in the atmosphere could slow rapid melting in West Antarctica and reduce the risk of catastrophic sea-level rise, according to a study led by Indiana University researchers.
	A not so silver lining: Microplastics found in clouds could affect the weather From the depths of the seas to snow on mountains and even the air above cities, microplastics are turning up increasingly often. Now, in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers have analyzed microplastics in clouds above mountains. They suggest that these tiny particles could play a role in cloud formation and, in turn, affect weather.
	Natural coasts protect against tropical cyclones, but this protection is declining: Study People living on the in low-lying coastal areas will be at even greater risk from cyclones in the future. Natural ecosystems offer protection, but this protection has decreased in recent years and is expected to continue to decline. This is a finding of a model study by an international team of researchers led by ETH Zurich.
	What corporations aren't disclosing about their carbon dioxide emissions A new study estimates most corporations are not reporting the full scope of their carbon footprint with many claiming to be "green" despite a lack of reporting on Scope 3 key categories. The paper is published in the journal PLOS Climate.
	Ice cores from Earth's highest tropical peak provide insight into climate variability In the first study to examine ice cores from the summit of the highest tropical mountain in the world, new evidence provides unique insight into the climate record of the Amazon Basin over the last six decades.
	Heat projected to kill nearly five times more people by 2050 Nearly five times more people will likely die due to extreme heat in the coming decades, an international team of experts said Wednesday, warning that without action on climate change the "health of humanity is at grave risk".
	Georgia, Southeast among the most at-risk from climate change, report finds In the high-stakes fight against climate change, the United States—and the planet—are at a moment that is both hopeful and harrowing.
	Greenhouse gases hit record high in 2022: UN Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere hit new record highs in 2022, with no end in sight to the rising trend, the United Nations warned Wednesday.
	EU recycling drive raises stink around camembert packaging Could the distinctive thin wood packaging around France's famed camembert cheese be under threat from the EU's recycling drive?
	EU negotiators reach deal on methane emission curbs Negotiators for the EU's member states and lawmakers on Wednesday reached a deal on new rules to curb methane emissions which would put new reporting requirements on the coal, gas and oil industry.
	Sand and dust storm frequency increasing in many world regions, UN warns Sand and dust storms are an under-appreciated problem now "dramatically" more frequent in some places worldwide, with at least 25% of the phenomenon attributed to human activities, according to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
	How PFAS 'forever chemicals' are getting into Miami's Biscayne Bay, where dolphins, fish, manatees dine PFAS, the "forever chemicals" that have been raising health concerns across the country, are not just a problem in drinking water. As these chemicals leach out of failing septic systems and landfills and wash off airport runways and farm fields, they can end up in streams that ultimately discharge into ocean ecosystems where fish, dolphins, manatees, sharks and other marine species live.
	Researchers: Effective climate action requires us to abandon viewing our efforts as a 'sacrifice' If you're like most people, you've been taught that climate action is a sacrifice. Cutting emissions from fossil fuels, you've probably been told, is the economy-squeezing price we must pay for a livable planet. But our research explains why we should look at this issue through a different frame.
	Iceland on high alert for volcanic eruption—what we know so far The Reykjanes peninsula in south-west Iceland trembled with an intense swarm of earthquakes on the afternoon of Friday November 10. Hundreds of quakes were detected on the regional networks of seismometers and several were strong enough to be felt in Reykjavik, 50 kilometers away.
	Study reveals how salinity affects El Niño diversity The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest year-to-year climate variability in the planet, famous for prominent surface warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific known as an El Niño event.
	Study highlights 4 strategies to overcome barriers to prescribed fire in the west Prescribed fire, which mimics natural fire regimes, can help improve forest health and reduce the likelihood of catastrophic wildfire. But this management tool is underused in the fire-prone U.S. West and Baja California, Mexico, due to several barriers.
	Decarbonizing Australia's transport system could solve significant public health challenge The road transport system is responsible for almost 20% of Australia's fossil fuel emissions. Transport emissions have increased nearly 60% since 1990 and Australia's per capita road transport emissions are 45% higher than the OECD average.
	All aquatic species in river mouths are contaminated by microplastics, says new report All aquatic species in the river mouths flowing into the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean are contaminated with microplastics, with mollusks being the most affected due to their ability to filter water. Rivers are one of the main sources of pollution by microplastics (5 to 0.0001 mm in size) and nanoplastics (smaller than 0.0001mm) in the oceans.
	West Africa's plastic waste could be fueling the economy instead of polluting the ocean Plastic pollution is an urgent environmental issue, globally. Every year, about eight million tons of plastic end up in the oceans.
	Climate change effects hit marine ecosystems in multiple waves, according to marine ecologists A new approach to examining the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems may provide a more accurate understanding of climate change responses—and predictions for future consequences—according to a new paper co-authored by a Brown University biologist.
	Climate actions centered on Indigenous knowledge can improve resilience Climate change in Hawaiʻi and the Pacific Islands worsens inequities and threatens unique island ecosystems, cultural resources, human health, livelihoods, the built environment, and access to clean water and healthy food.
	Who should collect, manage and have access to data from the oceans? Research institutions from Norway and other countries have collected a great amount of data from the northern oceans in recent years. Many people want access to this information.
	How global science programs can navigate the complex, shifting challenges in sustainability science The global change program Future Earth is an international alliance of organizations and agencies that was launched by the UN in June 2012. The Future Earth 2025 Vision identified eight global challenges for scientific research to accelerate progress in sustainability, improve collaboration, and mobilize resources.
	From glaciers to rainfall: Understanding unexpected rain In 2018, a group of students from the Universities of Innsbruck, Austria, and Hamburg, Germany, were on a research excursion close to the village of Llupa in the Rio Santa valley in the Peruvian Andes. While they were busy installing a weather station in preparation for their research project, they were surprised by unexpected rainfall—a brief yet notable shower.
	Three thousand years' worth of carbon monoxide records show positive impact of global intervention in the 1980s An international team of scientists has reconstructed a historic record of the atmospheric trace gas carbon monoxide by measuring air in polar ice and air collected at an Antarctic research station.
	Thousands of homes underwater after floods hit Vietnam The ancient Vietnamese city of Hue, a world heritage site popular with tourists, was underwater Wednesday after heavy rain flooded thousands of homes and blocked highways.
	Benin struggles in battle to halt coastal erosion Along its Atlantic coast, Benin's government has spent millions of dollars to protect coastal communities from sea erosion. But Doris Alapini can only watch as waves tirelessly eat away at her land and the large seaside restaurant she built.
	'Out of control' fires endanger wildlife in Brazilian wetlands The Pantanal wetlands in western Brazil are famed as a paradise of biodiversity, but these days they have enormous clouds of smoke billowing over them, as raging wildfires reduce vast expanses to scorched earth.
	Climate change impacts are increasing for Americans A new national report finds that the impacts of weather extremes—exacerbated by climate change—are far-reaching across every region of the United States. However, the report also finds that rapidly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating adaptation can limit further warming and protect lives and property from many climate risks. In coordination with the release of the report, President Biden announced more than $6 billion through his Investing in America agenda to make communities across the country more resilient to climate change.
	PepsiCo sued by New York state over plastic pollution New York state sued PepsiCo on Wednesday, pointing to the soda giant's plastic waste as a scourge of waterways and blasting the company's "misleading" statements on the environment.
	It's not yet summer in Brazil, but a dangerous heat wave is sweeping the country It's still spring in Brazil, but a dangerous heat wave is sweeping across large swathes of the country, forcing Rio de Janeiro's vendors off the streets due to health alerts and driving up energy demand amid reports of power outages.

Astronomy and Space news

	The 'Cosmic Vine': Astronomers discover a large structure that hosts at least 20 massive galaxies An international team of astronomers reports the discovery of a large-scale structure that consists of at least 20 massive galaxies. The structure, dubbed "Cosmic Vine," has a size of about 13 million physical light years. The finding was detailed in a paper published Nov. 8 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	NASA data reveal possible reason some exoplanets are shrinking A new study could explain the "missing" exoplanets between super-Earths and sub-Neptunes.
	'Bouncing' comets could deliver building blocks for life to exoplanets How did the molecular building blocks for life end up on Earth? One long-standing theory is that they could have been delivered by comets. Now, researchers from the University of Cambridge have shown how comets could deposit similar building blocks to other planets in the galaxy.
	JWST detects water vapor, sulfur dioxide and sand clouds in the atmosphere of a nearby exoplanet A team of European astronomers, co-led by researchers from the Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, used recent observations made with the James Webb Space Telescope to study the atmosphere of the nearby exoplanet WASP-107b. Peering deep into the fluffy atmosphere of WASP-107b they discovered not only water vapor and sulfur dioxide, but even silicate sand clouds. These particles reside within a dynamic atmosphere that exhibits vigorous transport of material.
	With unprecedented flares, stellar corpse shows signs of life After a distant star's explosive death, an active stellar corpse was the likely source of repeated energetic flares observed over several months—a phenomenon astronomers had never seen before, a Cornell-led team reports in research published Nov. 15 in Nature.
	Researchers discover alternative cosmic source of gold Dr. Shing Chi Leung, SUNY Poly assistant professor of physics, in collaboration with Mr. Chun-Ming Yip, Dr. Ming-Chung Chu and Dr. Lap-Ming Lin, from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, have discovered that the explosion of a low-mass neutron star can be the alternative cosmic source for lanthanides and other heavy elements, including precious metals such as gold and platinum. Their study has been published in The Astrophysical Journal.
	ALMA demonstrates highest resolution yet ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) has demonstrated the highest resolution yet with observations of an old star. The observations show that the star is surrounded by a ring-like structure of gas and that gas from the star is escaping to the surrounding space. Future observations with the newly demonstrated high resolution are expected to elucidate not only the end of a star's life but also the beginning, when planets are still forming.
	Webb follows neon signs toward new thinking on planet formation Scientists are following neon signs in a search for clues to one planetary system's future and the past of another—our own solar system. Following up on a peculiar reading by NASA's previous infrared flagship observatory, the now-retired Spitzer Space Telescope, the agency's James Webb Space Telescope detected distinct traces of the element neon in the dusty disk surrounding the young sun-like star SZ Chamaeleontis (SZ Cha).
	NASA's first successful recovery of asteroid samples may reveal information about the origins of the universe The OSIRIS-REx mission is NASA's first mission to collect samples from an asteroid—in this case 101955 Bennu—and return to Earth.
	Scientists suspect there's ice hiding on the moon, and a host of missions from the US and beyond are searching for it Building a space station on the moon might seem like something out of a science fiction movie, but each new lunar mission is bringing that idea closer to reality. Scientists are homing in on potential lunar ice reservoirs in permanently shadowed regions, or PSRs. These are key to setting up any sort of sustainable lunar infrastructure.
	The universe is expanding faster than theory predicts—physicists are trying to explain the mismatch Astronomers have known for decades that the universe is expanding. When they use telescopes to observe faraway galaxies, they see that these galaxies are moving away from Earth.
	How NASA's Roman Space Telescope will chronicle the active cosmos NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will pair space-based observations with a broad field of view to unveil the dynamic cosmos in ways that have never been possible before.
	Fall into an ice giant's atmosphere The unique atmospheric compositions of "ice giant" planets Uranus and Neptune were recreated to simulate a plunge deep within them, using suitably adapted European shocktubes and plasma facilities.
	Virtual observatory provides first look at the solar poles Scientists are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) to view the sun's poles—or at least produce an educated guess of what the sun's poles might look like, since they've never been observed before.
	Europe's quantum decade extends into space Europe—and the world—is in the midst of the "quantum decade": a period in which the peculiar properties of matter that manifest at the very tiniest of scales are being transformed from mere scientific curiosities into the basis of practical technologies and products. The result? Major leaps forward in communications, navigation, computing and environmental sensing.
	Rocket exhaust on the moon: NASA supercomputers reveal surface effects Through Artemis, NASA plans to explore more of the moon than ever before with human and robotic missions on the lunar surface. Because future landers will be larger and equipped with more powerful engines than the Apollo landers, mission risks associated with their operation during landing and liftoff is significantly greater. With the agency's goal to establish a sustained human presence on the moon, mission planners must understand how future landers interact with the lunar surface as they touch down in unexplored moonscapes.
	A novel system for slip prevention in unmanned rovers Given the hostile conditions of extraterrestrial environments, unmanned rovers play a critical role in the exploration of planets and moons. NASA's Mars and lunar exploration rovers have significantly contributed to our understanding of these extraterrestrial bodies. Planetary surfaces often present challenging landscapes with slopes, craters, and dunes.
	US regulator greenlights Starship's next launch on Friday The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on Wednesday authorized SpaceX to carry out its second launch of Starship, the most powerful rocket ever built, after a first attempt in April ended in a spectacular explosion.

Technology news

	DeepMind tool makes 10-day weather forecast in 60 seconds Google DeepMind researchers this week unveiled a highly accurate AI-based weather prediction model they say marks "a turning point in weather forecasting."
	3D printed robots with bones, ligaments, and tendons 3D printing is advancing rapidly, and the range of materials that can be used has expanded considerably. While the technology was previously limited to fast-curing plastics, it has now been made suitable for slow-curing plastics as well. These have decisive advantages as they have enhanced elastic properties and are more durable and robust.
	Using photoelasticity in the quest for dendrite-resistant solid electrolytes Researchers have documented for the first time the stresses that build up around solid-state battery electrolytes, helping set the stage for the development of improved and more efficient batteries. Scientists have long thought that stresses can build up around dendrites, thin metallic projects that can ultimately short out solid-electrolyte batteries, but they haven't been precisely measured.
	Artificial sensor similar to a human fingerprint that can recognize fine fabric textures An artificial sensory system that is able to recognize fine textures—such as twill, corduroy and wool—with a high resolution, similar to a human finger, is reported in a Nature Communications paper. The findings may help improve the subtle tactile sensation abilities of robots and human limb prosthetics and could be applied to virtual reality in the future, the authors suggest.
	Researchers train AI to produce solar cells from perovskite in record time Researchers in Australia have harnessed AI to produce solar cells from the mineral perovskite in just a matter of weeks, bypassing years of human labor and human error to optimize the cells.
	Asian economies must ramp up wind and solar power to keep global warming under 1.5C, report says To meet the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), nine major Asian economies must increase the share of electricity they get from renewable energy from the current 6% to at least 50% by 2030, according to a report by a German thinktank released Wednesday.
	Snapchat to add in-app Amazon shopping Amazon on Tuesday confirmed it is partnering with Snapchat-parent Snap to let users of the ephemeral messaging service buy things from the online retail titan without leaving the app.
	For Google Play, dominating Android world was 'existential' Google agreed to pay $8 billion over four years to Samsung Electronics Co. to make its search engine, voice assistant and Play Store the default on the company's mobile devices, according to testimony presented by Epic Games Inc.
	Scientists develop low-cost, multifunctional microprinter for ultrafast piezoelectric material printing Amidst the ongoing surge in demand for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), wearable/implantable electronics, miniaturized portable devices and the Internet of Things, the pursuit of piezoelectric materials has become a priority interest for many because they intrinsically couple mechanical and electrical energy.
	High-tech soccer ball unveiled for Euro 2024 promises more accurate offside decisions A high-tech soccer ball that helps with more accurate offside decisions will make its European Championship debut next year in Germany after being used at the 2022 World Cup.
	Energy Department tries to boost US battery industry with another $3.5 billion in funding The Energy Department is making a push to strengthen the U.S. battery supply chain, announcing up to $3.5 billion for companies that produce batteries and the critical minerals that go into them.
	Flying taxis braced for takeoff at Dubai Airshow Flying taxis have been a sci-fi fixture for decades, but one operator says they are finally close to reality, first in the United States and then the United Arab Emirates and India.
	When sticky becomes unsticky—the invention of reversible glue Newcastle University engineers have invented a new glue that promises to change how we recycle. Its reversible nature means it can be used for a multitude of purposes such as on the labels of bottles so that they are efficiently detached, making them easier to recycle. Labels will no longer need to be sent to landfill.
	Using cosmetic ingredients for battery protection Xanthan gum, derived from plants like cabbage and known for its carbohydrate content, serves as a natural protective barrier in cosmetics to retain their benefits on the skin. In a recent development, this remarkable substance has been harnessed to create a protective shield for battery electrodes, rather than for the skin.
	Facebook's new ad-free tier could end annoying consent pop-ups, but could also put a price on your privacy We have reached a key juncture in the debate about online privacy, following Meta's recent decision to offer some users paid-for ad-free access to Facebook and Instagram. The time has come to decide how much we value keeping our data, tastes and whereabouts to ourselves.
	Renault says combining electric cars and software in one company will 'democratize' EVs for Europe Automaker Renault is setting out ambitious goals for its new combined electric vehicle and software business, saying it will "democratize" the market for battery-powered cars in Europe by making them as affordable as gasoline- or diesel-powered models.
	Q&A: As US begins to build offshore wind farms, many doubts remain about impacts on the oceans and marine life As renewable energy production expands across the U.S., the environmental impacts of these new sources are receiving increased attention. In a recent report, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined whether and how constructing offshore wind farms in the Nantucket Shoals region, southeast of Massachusetts, could affect critically endangered North Atlantic right whales. The Conversation asked marine scientists Erin L. Meyer-Gutbrod, Douglas Nowacek, Eileen E. Hofmann and Josh Kohut, all of whom served on the study committee, to explain the report's key findings.
	Why some speedometers lag behind reality Have you ever noticed how sometimes the display on your vehicle's speedometer is different from the speed shown on the navigation app on your phone?
	How Silicon Valley will put airships back in flight It's longer than three Boeing 737s. Someday it could carry up to five tons of cargo and float from San Francisco to Chicago.
	Underworld marketplace exposed: Fake IDs for sale on the dark web Counterfeit Australian identity documents, especially driver's licenses, rank among some of the most frequently listed and sold identity documents on anonymous dark web marketplaces, according to new research from the Center of Forensic Science at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS).
	New experimental technique to analyze the protection of 3D-printed metal structures Scientists from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) and the IMDEA Materiales Institute have developed a new experimental technique in fragmentation tests to evaluate the energy absorption capacity in the event of impact of metallic structures manufactured using 3D printing.
	Nuclear expansion failure shows simulations require change The widespread adoption of nuclear power was predicted by computer simulations more than four decades ago but the continued reliance on fossil fuels for energy shows these simulations need improvement, a new study has shown.
	Renault tries to lure investment for new electric car unit French automaker Renault on Wednesday held an investors day for its new electric vehicle subsidiary Ampere, hoping to win over investment with slashed costs and an electric car costing less than 20,000 euros ($21,600).
	Research investigates potential of neem seed oil as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived oils Research in the International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering has investigated the potential of neem seed oil as a sustainable bio-lubricant to replace conventional petroleum-derived oils.
	Mechanical engineering researchers find better design for microsensors Researchers from Binghamton University and Northeastern University have found a way to improve the tiny sensors used in everything from cellphones and smart watches to biomedical devices.
	Hydrogen near tipping point to accelerate decarbonization, new research shows Hydrogen is poised to accelerate the global energy transition as the industry exhibits steep learning curves and finds ways to produce the gas more efficiently and at lower cost, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Mannheim and Harvard Business School.
	A new energy storage device as an alternative to traditional batteries University of Cordoba researchers have proposed and analyzed the operation of an energy storage system based on a cylindrical tank immersed in water that is capable of storing and releasing energy in response to the market
	The world is finally starting to regulate artificial intelligence—what to expect from US, EU and China's new laws Most mainstream applications of artificial intelligence (AI) make use of its ability to crunch large volumes of data, detecting patterns and trends within. The results can help predict the future behavior of financial markets and city traffic, and even assist doctors to diagnose disease before symptoms appear.
	Even experts struggle to tell which social media posts are evidence-based. So what do we do? The debate on how to combat social media misinformation is as relevant as ever. In recent years, we've seen medical misinformation spreading alongside COVID, and political misinformation impacting the outcome of elections and national referendums.
	Should the media tell you when they use AI to report the news? What consumers should know Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the media landscape, both for news organizations and consumers. Applications such as ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing AI are creating new possibilities to assist in writing and researching the news, but these also raise ethical concerns.
	Researchers suggest hydrogen fuel can be a competitive alternative to gasoline and diesel today As the world strives to cut greenhouse gas emissions and find sustainable transportation solutions, University of Houston energy researchers suggest that hydrogen fuel can potentially be a cost-competitive and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional liquid fuels, and that supplying hydrogen for transportation in the greater Houston area can be profitable today.
	Meta to appeal over tough EU curbs on digital giants Facebook owner Meta said on Wednesday that it would appeal the inclusion of its Messenger and Marketplace products in tough curbs on digital giants that the EU unveiled in September.
	Dubai plans new mega-airport as Mideast competition hots up Dubai is forging ahead with plans to replace the world's busiest airport with an even bigger one as passenger traffic recovers to outstrip pre-pandemic levels, a top official told AFP on Wednesday.
	After rescue deal, Siemens Energy unveils massive loss Siemens Energy reported a 4.59-billion-euro ($5-billion) annual loss Wednesday, dragged down by a crisis in its wind power unit, a day after a government-backed rescue package was unveiled for the German group.
	Jordan aims to score big in global gaming industry For many, gaming is a waste of time. Hours lost staring at glowing screens. But Jordan is betting on its youth to capture a slice of a lucrative global market.
	China's Tencent posts Q3 income slide despite revenue growth Chinese internet giant Tencent announced on Wednesday a nine percent year-on-year dip in third-quarter net income, even as it posted growth in revenue over the same period.
	Fire-tested systems help crews survive truck burnovers Terrifying moments when flames can overrun and burn over a fire truck are called flashover or burnover.
	Nobody wants a Musk monopoly on satellite internet: Eutelsat boss The boss of European satellite operator Eutelsat knows her task will not be easy: to forge a competitor to Elon Musk's Starlink and provide superfast internet from space.
	New digital simulation tool for gear machining saves time and money Gears are common machine components used in many engineered systems, such as automotive vehicles, aircraft engines, automation and robotic systems and more.

Chemistry news

	New process for screening old urine samples reveals previously undetected 'designer drugs' Researchers from the University of B.C. and the BC Provincial Toxicology Center (BCPTC) have developed a more efficient way to find out which new 'designer drugs' are circulating in the community.
	Research team develops antiaromatic molecules that exhibit absorption and fluorescence bands in near-infrared region A research group led by Associate Professor Masahito Murai of the Graduate School of Science and Professor Shigehiro Yamaguchi of the Functional Organic Materials Laboratory has successfully developed antiaromatic molecules that exhibit absorption and fluorescence bands in the near-infrared (NIR) region, a region that is important for medical devices.
	Did this chemical reaction create the building blocks of life on Earth? How did life begin? How did chemical reactions on the early Earth create complex, self-replicating structures that developed into living things as we know them?
	Structurally editable proximal cofactor-like module helps to construct artificial dual-center peroxygenase Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are widely involved in the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances in living organisms. The catalytic efficiency of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase relies on the coenzyme NAD(P)H and reducing chaperone proteins.
	Researchers improve water splitting reaction for green hydrogen gas production Green hydrogen (or H2) produced from renewable energy resources is the fuel of a decarbonized future. Electrolysis, or splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen with the help of an electrochemical cell, is one of the most popular ways of producing green H2.

Biology news

	Increased threat of conflict enhances mongoose pup survival: Study challenges long-held belief on reproductive success Animal offspring may survive better when their groups are in greater conflict with rival factions, research from the University of Bristol has shown for the first time.
	New deep learning AI tool helps ecologists monitor rare birds through their songs Researchers have developed a new deep learning AI tool that generates lifelike bird songs to train bird identification tools, helping ecologists to monitor rare species in the wild. The findings are presented in Methods in Ecology and Evolution.
	Silky ants turn to aphids for medicine when sick A small team of biologists and zoologists from Austria, the Netherlands, Germany and Finland has found evidence of silky ants consuming aphids to treat fungal infections. In their study, published in the journal Biology Letters, the group collected groups of silky ants and tested their approach to warding off fungal infections.
	Two new species of racerunner lizard discovered in Iran A team of zoologists and biologists affiliated with several institutions in Russia and Iran has identified two new species of racerunner lizards in Iran. In their paper published in the journal Zootaxa, the group describes where the lizards were found, their features and how they fit in with other racerunner lizards.
	Roaming seabirds need ocean-wide protection, research shows Seabirds roam far and wide in the Indian Ocean—so they need ocean-wide protection, new research shows. All other oceans are known to contain "hotspots" where predators including seabirds feast on prey.
	Australian footprints are the oldest known evidence of birds from southern regions Early birds had made it to southern polar environments by 120 million years ago, according to a study published November 15, 2023 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Anthony Martin of Emory University, U.S. and colleagues.
	Microbes could help reduce the need for chemical fertilizers Production of chemical fertilizers accounts for about 1.5% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. MIT chemists hope to help reduce that carbon footprint by replacing some chemical fertilizer with a more sustainable source—bacteria.
	Novel C. diff structures are required for infection, offer new therapeutic targets Iron storage "spheres" inside the bacterium C. diff—the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections—could offer new targets for antibacterial drugs to combat the pathogen.
	Visualizing 'traffic jams' inside living cells Researchers at the IBS Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics (IBS CMSD), led by Director Cho Minhaeng and Professor Hong Seok-Cheol, have unveiled a revolutionary label-free microscopy technique—the Cargo-Localization Interferometric Scattering (CL-iSCAT) Microscope. This novel optical imaging method opens new routes in real-time tracking of intracellular cargo movement within living cells without the need for traditional fluorescent labeling.
	Feathery moa's fossilized footprints, ancient age revealed Cosmogenic nuclide dating, a method commonly used in dating coastal areas and alluvial riverbeds for landscape reconstruction, is also useful for calculating the age of trace fossils, such as a footprint, where no remains of the animal are preserved.
	Yeast engineering leads to new frontiers in jasmonate biosynthesis A research team led by Prof. Luo Xiaozhou from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Prof. Jay D. Keasling from the University of California, Berkeley, has developed an engineered yeast to produce vital plant hormones known as jasmonates, including jasmonic acid and its derivatives, methyl jasmonate and jasmonoyl isoleucine.
	Bivalve mollusks may hold the secret to a longer life For centuries, humans pursued the "fountain of youth" in the quest for longer lives. More recently, curiosity has been reignited among the scientific community thanks to genome sequencing technologies that are facilitating a deeper look into the genetic mechanisms underlying aging and extended lifespans.
	Study discovers colliding ribosomes activate RNA repair Aldehydes are toxic compounds that are produced in the body by metabolic processes, especially upon alcohol consumption. They are dangerous because they bind to cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and crosslink them.
	Scientists 3D-print hair follicles in lab-grown skin A team led by scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has 3D-printed hair follicles in human skin tissue cultured in the lab. This marks the first time researchers have used the technology to generate hair follicles, which play an important role in skin healing and function.
	On two small islands in the Indian Ocean, an endangered palm with the world's largest seed Every tree species has its story. Unraveling all 73,000 of them is a significant undertaking for science, in no small part because a considerable proportion of tree biodiversity is tropical, rare, remote and subject to the ravages of deforestation. And an estimated 9,200 tree species have yet to be discovered.
	How the COVID-19 virus makes itself more infectious Scientists at EPFL have uncovered a cunning strategy that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, uses to increase its infectivity.
	How bacteria recognize viral invasion and activate immune defenses There's no organism on Earth that lives free of threat—including bacteria. Predatory viruses known as phages are among their most dire foes, infiltrating their cells to replicate and take over. Bacteria have evolved an array of strategies to counter these infections, but how they first spot an invader in their midst has long been a mystery.
	Surveying wetlands for infectious bird flu—and finding it Recently, morning omelets and holiday dinners have gotten more expensive. One likely cause is bird flu, outbreaks of which led to the deaths of millions of chickens and turkeys from infection or culling in 2022, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and which still demands rigorous monitoring of wild populations.
	Study show extracellular vesicles exchange genetic information between cells in the sea Researchers led by Susanne Erdmann from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen have looked at data that has so far been mostly discarded as contamination, revealing the previously underestimated role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in exchanging genetic information between cells and highlighting their importance for the microbial community in the sea.
	Hemp cannabinoids may have evolved to deter insect pests Cannabinoids, naturally occurring compounds found in hemp plants, may have evolved to deter pests from chewing on them, according to experiments that showed higher cannabinoid concentrations in hemp leaves led to proportionately less damage from insect larvae.
	Study finds amino acid supplementation prevents negative effects of low-protein diet on pig welfare Pigs fed a low-protein diet can show more damaging behaviors, but this can be counteracted by supplementation of essential amino acids to their diet. This has been demonstrated in research from Wageningen University & Research. The outcome is important for both pig welfare and the environment.
	More than meows: How bacteria help cats communicate Many mammals, from domestic cats and dogs to giant pandas, use scent to communicate with each other. A new study from the University of California, Davis shows how domestic cats send signals to each other using odors derived from families of bacteria living in their anal glands. The work was published Nov. 8 in Scientific Reports.
	Forget social distancing: House finches become more social when sick Social distancing when sick has become second nature to many of us in the past few years, but some sick animals appear to take a different approach. A new study of house finches led by Marissa Langager, a Ph.D. student in the Department of Biological Sciences in the College of Science, has uncovered a surprising result. Unlike other social animals who passively or actively isolate themselves when sick, this gregarious backyard bird species gravitates toward healthy flock mates when they are sick, even more so than healthy birds do.
	New study reveals the crucial role of herbivorous fishes and sea urchins in restoring Caribbean coral reefs A new study by Dr. Lindsay Spiers (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission) and Professor Thomas Frazer (College of Marine Science at the University of South Florida), published in PeerJ presents crucial findings on the feeding preferences of herbivorous fishes and the sea urchin Diadema antillarum in Little Cayman.
	'Weird puking bird' tops New Zealand's avian beauty contest A "weird puking bird" with a bizarre mating dance has won New Zealand's annual avian beauty contest, triumphing after British comedian John Oliver launched an unlikely global campaign.
	Piping plovers popping in Massachusetts: Researchers identify record year for the bird species Long classified a federally threatened species, the small, stocky shorebirds are bouncing back, with more nesting on Bay State beaches this year than ever before, according to a Mass Audubon report.
	New report outlines microbial solutions to mediate methane emissions The American Academy of Microbiology has released a new report, The Role of Microbes in Mediating Methane Emissions. The report highlights recommendations to further the scientific community's understanding of microbial processes of methane production and consumption to mitigate methane emissions and address climate change.
	Studies describe genetic basis of long-term heat tolerance in model plant Two papers published in PNAS Nexus describe the genetic basis of long-term heat tolerance in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, with implications for crop breeding. Teruaki Taji and colleagues evaluated dozens of lines of the model mustard weed for both long term (37°C for 36 days) and short term (42°C for 50 minutes) heat stress.
	Structural basis of bile salt extrusion and small-molecule inhibition in human BSEP Bile salts play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum. The human bile salt export pump (BSEP), also known as ABCB11, mediates a variety of bile salts transport into canaliculi against a steep concentration gradient in the enterohepatic circulation. BSEP dysfunction, caused by mutations or induced by drugs, is frequently associated with severe cholestatic liver disease.
	Tracing multiple evolutionary trajectories in aquatic crocodiles In the geological past, several groups of crocodiles evolved towards a morphology adapted to marine life. However, the extent of these adaptations and their evolutionary trajectories remained unknown. An exhaustive study of their morphology by a scientific team from the University of Liège has now shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms at work, thanks to three-dimensional reconstructions.
	Soil study unearths microbe diversity discovery Human impacted soils tend to harbor different microbial communities to those areas less affected by human activities, a team of researchers working with Bristol school children have found.
	It sounds like science fiction. But we can now sample water to find the DNA of every species living there Figuring out what species live in an ecosystem, and which ones are rare or just good at hiding is an essential way to understand and care for them. Until now, it's been very labor intensive.
	WhaleVis turns more than a century of whaling data into an interactive map Even though they're the largest animals on earth, whales remain difficult to track. So experts often turn to historical whaling data to inform current research. A dataset maintained by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) contains detailed information on commercial whale catches—more than 2.1 million records, predominantly from 1880 until the IWC banned whaling in 1986. Yet for researchers, distilling that data can prove its own challenge.
	Unearthing the terroir effect: Grapevine's transcriptional response to soil variability Grapevine is a globally significant fruit crop that exhibits remarkable phenotypic plasticity (PP) due to genotype-per-environment interactions (a concept known as terroir). This adaptability impacts physiological, molecular and biochemical aspects of the plant.
	Deciphering grape development: A molecular phenology scale for grapevine berry maturation Fruit development encompasses a series of physical, biochemical, and physiological shifts influenced by both genetic programming and environmental factors. The growth patterns of fruits like grapes are generally consistent within the same species, but can vary due to genetics and environmental conditions.
	New plant hardiness map, used by gardeners nationwide, is unveiled The U.S. Department of Agriculture today released its new Plant Hardiness Zone Map, the national standard by which gardeners can determine which plants are most likely to survive the coldest winter temperatures at a certain location.
	Researchers discover way to boost shelter dog adoptions After a long day at work, you open the door to the place you call home. A chorus of furry happiness rushes toward you, the sound of unconditional canine love. With your return, your dog's world is whole.
	Canada's agricultural bread basket is getting hotter and drier, study shows Canada's most important crop-producing areas—the Prairie provinces—have become hotter and drier over the last 120 years, University of Alberta research shows.
	It's a first: Scientists find ethyl vanillin in a specially-bred strawberry University of Florida scientists have found ethyl vanillin—an aroma compound in many artificial vanilla-flavored food products—in a UF/IFAS-bred strawberry. This is a key finding for the food and beverage industry and for the UF/IFAS strawberry breeding program.
	Pseudoscorpions of Israel: Two new family records discovered A new study on the pseudoscorpion fauna of Israel has been unveiled in a comprehensive publication titled "Pseudoscorpions of Israel: Annotated Checklist and Key, with New Records of Two Families." The research, conducted by Dr. Sharon Warburg, Dr. Efrat Gavish-Regev from the National Natural History Collections of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and team, provides a crucial update to the understanding of the pseudoscorpion species in Israel.
	Research highlights data gap in SARS-CoV-2 cases in animals COVID-19 in animals? The question got lost in the shuffle during the ongoing global pandemic. Research on SARS-CoV-2 has primarily focused on its implications for humans, despite the virus most likely being a zoonosis, a disease transmitted from animals to humans.
	Invasive carp continue to be an ongoing threat to South Dakota's waters Invasive carp (formerly known as Asian carp) pose a significant threat to South Dakota's lakes and rivers, natural resources that are treasured by thousands of anglers, boaters and water sports enthusiasts each year.
	Light pollution found to have far-reaching effects on some North American bats Light pollution, or artificial light at night (ALAN), is a rapidly growing threat to nocturnal wildlife around the world, particularly for bats. However, little is known about the distances up to which lights can displace foraging bats from their habitat. Is it just a few meters or could the reach be much greater?
	Bedbugs are a problem beyond Paris. They're resurgent everywhere Thanks to videos circulating on social media of bedbugs crawling through Parisian hotel rooms, movie theaters and public transportation, anxiety over the blood-sucking insects is high.
	Who owns and controls Danish agricultural land? Investments are not just about money, and they don't just impact the agricultural economy but also the dynamics of the agricultural sector itself. In Denmark, external investments have played an increasingly influential role in shaping the sector. Rising land prices, expensive production facilities, and structural changes have increased the need for financial support from external sources.
	Is fear of sharks being overblown? "Just when you thought it was safe to get back in the water...." It's one of the most famous taglines in film history, immortalizing sharks as ruthless predators. But beyond the horror generated by Spielberg's "Jaws" series, a persistent fear of sharks remains, with consequences that extend into reality.

Medicine and Health news

	Study unveils similarities between the auditory pathway and deep learning models for processing speech The human auditory pathway is a highly sophisticated biological system that includes both physical structures and brain regions specialized in the perception and processing of sounds. The sounds that humans pick up through their ears are processed in various brain regions, including the cochlear and superior olivary nuclei, the lateral lemniscus, the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex.
	Neuroscientists engineer a protein that enhances memory to respond to anti-aging drug Neuroscientists at the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Catholic University, Rome, and the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS have genetically modified a molecule, the protein LIMK1, which is normally active in the brain, with a key role in memory. They added a "molecular switch" that is activated by administering a drug, rapamycin, known for its several anti-aging effects on the brain.
	New 'patch' uses natural body motion to fix disk herniation A new biologic "patch" that is activated by a person's natural motion could be the key to fixing herniated disks in people's backs, according to researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the CMC VA Medical Center (CMCVAMC).
	Pulling the plug on brain injury: Manipulating fluid flows could save lives, improve recovery post-TBI Cerebral edema, the dangerous brain swelling that occurs after traumatic brain injury (TBI), can increase risk of death 10-fold and significantly worsen prospects for recovery in brain function. In extreme cases, surgeons will remove a portion of the skull to relieve pressure, but this has significant risks and is not viable for the vast majority of TBI cases.
	Exposure to air pollution in utero may affect reproductive system development From invisible wafts of diesel exhaust to sun-choking plumes of orange smoke, air pollution is known to damage respiratory well-being. Now, research from Rutgers suggests another reason to hold our breath: Polluted air also may hurt reproductive health.
	Study reveals the critical role of microglia in human brain development An international team of scientists has uncovered the vital role of microglia, the immune cells in the brain that acts as its dedicated defense team, in early human brain development. By incorporating microglia into lab-grown brain organoids, scientists were able mimic the complex environment within the developing human brain to understand how microglia influence brain cell growth and development.
	Pivotal role of TLR7 protein revealed in lung disease Researchers have revealed that the protein Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), usually associated with antiviral defense in the body, surprisingly, exacerbates lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as emphysema.
	Brain fog: New study examines causes of this long-COVID symptom Neuropsychiatric symptoms of long COVID, including brain fog, inability to concentrate, and headache, have puzzled researchers and clinicians, who are hunting for those symptoms' causes. A new study found that neuroinflammation and blood-brain-barrier dysfunction are not likely drivers of the symptoms, giving researchers more clues in their quest to uncover what actually may be the culprit.
	Study reveals link between neighborhood environmental burden and risk of cardiovascular disease A national study led by investigators at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) demonstrates that neighborhood exposure to environmental hazards is significantly associated with poor cardiovascular health across the United States.
	Scientists report problems with big pharma's clinical trial data used to support FDA-approved anti-cancer medicine A group of international scientists say they have encountered many hurdles in accessing information for a study to examine clinical trial data used to support FDA-approved anticancer medicines even when the data was classified as eligible for access and transparent sharing.
	Researchers pioneer novel microfluidic method to optimize bone marrow stem cell extraction for advanced cell therapies A research collaboration has developed a technology capable of extracting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directly from pure bone marrow—also known as bone marrow aspirate (BMA), a pivotal source of MSCs—without dilution.
	Revealing the behavior of tau proteins at the presynapse through protein mapping For the first time, University of Queensland (UQ) researchers have shown how the tau protein, known for its role in dementias, behaves where communication in the brain takes place.
	New tool for precision medicine in cardiovascular disease Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a tool that makes it possible to measure 21 biomarkers for cardiovascular disease simultaneously with great precision by means of a simple blood test. The aim is to use this type of tool to improve the prediction of cardiovascular complications and facilitate more personalized treatment for patients. It will also make it easier to monitor the effects of treatment. The study has been published in the journal PLOS One.
	Shape-shifting immune cells offer new insights into cancer immunotherapy Macrophages, a type of white blood cell that can destroy invading pathogens, have an innate ability to infiltrate tumor cells, making them a potentially important tool in treatments that use transplanted cells to fight disease, known as cell therapy. In the lab, macrophages show a lot of promise in treating cancer but so far, clinical trials have been a disappointment and biologists are trying to figure out why.
	Team provides new insights into HIV prevention for cisgender women Globally speaking, most HIV infections in young women occur in poorer countries, where up to 25% of women may be infected with the HIV virus. For heterosexual women, prevention through the use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and its active ingredients, emtricitabine/tenofovir, represents one of the few options available to protect themselves from HIV infection. Additionally, it is a very inexpensive drug, available in most resource-constrained countries.
	Scientists piece together DNA repair pathway implicated in breast, ovarian and prostate cancers Our DNA is not indestructible. Throughout the course of our lives, DNA can break in response to natural and environmental factors. Thankfully, our bodies have dedicated enzymes and pathways which can glue our broken DNA back together through several different mechanisms, known as DNA repair pathways.
	Whether we spontaneously put ourselves in someone else's shoes is a question of effort, says study One of the most important human abilities is to understand what other people are thinking. The perspective of others seems to influence us even when it is completely irrelevant to us. Katrin Rothmaler and Charlotte Grosse Wiesmann from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig (MPI CBS) have now investigated in a study to what extent the perspective of others actually influences our thinking subliminally.
	Scientists identify T-cell differentiation nodes to improve cancer-killing T cells are the key immune system component involved in killing cancer. Tumors produce signals that turn off these T cells, partially by forcing them to progressively differentiate (mature) into a hypofunctional state known as exhaustion.
	Research challenges traditional theory of mechanisms of cocaine self-administration For more than 50 years, the conventional wisdom in the field of research in cocaine use has been that people take cocaine based on the theory of the drug providing positive reinforcement to the user.
	Can gene expression predict if a brain tumor is likely to grow back? Doctors often prescribe radiation along with surgery to treat a brain tumor called meningioma that originates in the protective membranes surrounding the brain. But side effects from radiation can be serious, including memory loss and cognitive decline, so it's important to know which patients really need it.
	Fusion oncoprotein forces cell fates toward rhabdomyosarcoma Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancerous tumor that arises in the soft tissue, such as muscles, though the origin of one of the most aggressive subtypes is unclear.
	Study finds women more competitive against strangers in games but still win more when playing their intimate partners A team of psychologists at North China University of Science and Technology's School of Psychology and Mental Health has found that women tend to compete more ardently against strangers when playing social games than they do when playing against an intimate partner.
	Use it or lose it: New robotic system assesses mobility after stroke Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Each year more than 15 million people worldwide have strokes, and three-quarters of stroke survivors will experience impairment, weakness and paralysis in their arms and hands.
	New study finds association between insecticide exposure and lower sperm concentration in adult men Melissa J. Perry, Sc.D., MHS, dean of the George Mason University College of Public Health, and a team of researchers including Lauren Ellis, MPH, doctoral student at Northeastern University, have found in a new systematic review that there is a strong association between insecticide exposure and lower sperm concentration in adult men globally.
	Study finds increasingly popular oral nicotine pouches do little to curb smokers' cravings Oral nicotine pouches, a tobacco-leaf-free product marketed as an alternative to cigarettes, do little to curb current smokers' nicotine cravings, according to a new study. Public health scientists with The Center for Tobacco Research at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute report these findings in the journal Addiction.
	Burnout on the rise among anesthesiologists since pandemic Burnout has increased among anesthesiologists since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, according to a study published in the November issue of Anesthesiology.
	Government housing assistance may boost some cancer screening Receipt of government housing assistance is associated with increased rates of breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, according to a study published online Nov. 8 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
	Women with breast cancer take sexual health into their own hands: Study A third of users on a popular breast cancer support forum describe using peer-recommended or self-discovered techniques to improve sexual functioning, according to a study published November 15, 2023 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Christiana von Hippel from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, U.S., and colleagues.
	Treatment strategy for certain advanced prostate cancers shows promise in preclinical models Epigenetic changes can cause prostate cancer to resist treatment by switching genes on or off. One epigenetic mechanism tags genes with DNA methylation marks. This process is mediated by molecules called DNA methyltransferases. These tags can alter gene expression in ways that promote tumors to grow and transition into advanced forms of the disease.
	UK diabetes prevention program may have global impact A nationwide program to reduce the risk of developing diabetes in the UK is proven beyond reasonable doubt to work, a new study reveals.
	Mental health declines when becoming an unpaid caregiver, UK study finds The mental health of people comes at a cost when they take on unpaid caring roles for friends and family. That's according to research from St George's, University of London and UCL which is published today in The Lancet Public Health.
	Brains have a remarkable ability to rewire themselves following injury, concussion specialist explains High-profile sports like football and soccer have brought greater attention in recent years to concussions—the mildest form of traumatic brain injury.
	Fourth dose of COVID vaccine found to boost protection in patients with rheumatic disease Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, which include rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic disorders that cause inflammation, are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as death due to severe COVID-19. Many patients receive disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to treat these conditions, but this treatment has been associated with a blunted response to COVID-19 vaccines.
	Cancer researchers discover mechanisms that restrain oncogene-expressing cells To form a cancer, cells need to accumulate oncogenic mutations that confer tumor-initiating properties. However, recent evidence has shown that oncogenic mutations occur at a surprisingly high frequency in normal tissues, suggesting that mutations alone are not sufficient to drive cancer formation and that other mechanisms should promote or restrain oncogene-expressing cells from progressing into invasive tumors.
	Mounjaro has been authorized for weight loss in the UK—here's how it compares to Wegovy The type 2 diabetes drug tirzepatide (better known by its brand name Mounjaro) has recently been authorized by the UK's medicines regulation authority for use in weight loss and weight management. The decision was made on the same day the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a version of tirzepatide called Zepbound for weight management.
	Flame retardant chemicals can cause serious health risks—and they only slow fire by a few seconds, says researcher House fires are many people's worst nightmare. But chemicals created decades ago to protect people's homes from out of control flames opened our front doors to a new menace: toxic chemicals. Ones that we are consistently exposed to in our homes, offices and vehicles.
	New research points to dad's drinking as a significant factor in fetal alcohol syndrome Men drink more, are more likely to binge drink and are almost four times more likely to develop alcohol use disorder than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Stents for angina have more than just a placebo effect, new trial confirms Stents are like scaffolding that keep narrowed arteries open. These devices have been revolutionary in treating heart attacks, where their use has increased year on year, and countless lives have been saved. But the role of stents in patients with stable angina is less clear.
	Insulin injections could one day be replaced with rock music, research in mice suggests More than 37 million people in the U.S. have diabetes. According to the American Diabetes Association, 8.4 million Americans needed to take insulin in 2022 to lower their blood sugar. Insulin, however, is tricky to deliver into the body orally because it is a protein easily destroyed in the stomach.
	AstraZeneca sued over jab: Could it be down to a misunderstanding of how risk is calculated? A multi-million-pound landmark "vaccine damage" case is set to take place in London's High Court. The test case is being pursued by Jamie Scott who suffered a severe brain injury in April 2021 after receiving the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.
	How music heals us, even when it's sad—new study of musical therapy led by a neuroscientist When I hear Shania Twain's "You're Still The One," it takes me back to when I was 15, playing on my Dad's PC. I was tidying up the mess after he had tried to [take his own life]. He'd been listening to her album, and I played it as I tidied up. Whenever I hear the song, I'm taken back—the sadness and anger comes flooding back.
	A rare genetic spotlight on health disparities for inflammatory bowel disease The advent of whole genome sequencing technology has prompted an explosion in research into how genetics are associated with disease risk. But the vast majority of genetics research has been done on people of European ancestry, and genetics researchers have realized that in order to address health disparities, more needs to be done.
	Study: People with obesity burn less energy during day Weight influences how and when bodies burn energy, new research indicates.
	Pain scores, age can help identify patients more likely to use few or no opioids after surgery Patients who are younger or who haven't taken opioid pain medication before are more likely to not need any after many common surgeries, according to new research from the Perelman School of Medicine.
	Criminalization prevents steroid users from seeking help, research finds New research from Griffith University's School of Applied Psychology has investigated the effect criminalization of Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid (AAS) use has on users' ability to seek help.
	Derm dangers: Avoid these 5 unhealthy skin care trends Social media platforms are spouting a steady stream of unsafe skin care trends, according to the American Academy of Dermatology.
	Experimental weight-loss drug slashed fat in livers of obese people Retatrutide, an experimental weight-loss drug that could compete against blockbusters Wegovy and Zepbound, may work wonders for obese folks with liver disease, new research shows.
	Number of cancer treatments provided decreased in first year of COVID-19 In the first year of the pandemic, there was a significant decrease in the number of cancer treatments provided, resulting from a decrease in the number of cancer diagnoses, according to a study published online Nov. 9 in JAMA Oncology.
	Higher visceral adipose tissue may need higher infliximab levels for IBD remission Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and high visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may have more difficulty achieving higher infliximab levels necessary to achieve remission, according to a study published in the November issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology.
	What is babesiosis, a tick-borne illness? You likely know that Lyme disease can be spread by ticks, but have you heard of babesiosis?
	As suicide rates climb, older men are most vulnerable As U.S. suicide rates continue to rise, new government data shows older men have become the most susceptible.
	More than 10% of samples from a stool-based colorectal cancer test may be unsatisfactory More than 10% of fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) used for routine colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in a safety-net health system contained unsatisfactory samples that could not be processed, according to a new study.
	Physical activity inversely tied to COPD symptom burden Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) is inversely associated with symptom burden in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to a study recently published online in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases.
	Pembrolizumab + standard chemotherapy beneficial in mesothelioma The addition of pembrolizumab to standard platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy results in significant improvement in overall survival among patients with advanced pleural mesothelioma, according to a study published online Nov. 3 in The Lancet.
	Association of molecular subtypes in bladder cancer with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, progression and survival Considering the molecular subtype of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) based on differences in tumor RNA expression can improve the ability of an existing tumor biomarker, such as the COXEN score, to predict which patients' tumors are likely to respond to chemotherapy given before surgery. Individual molecular subtypes, however, were not associated with significant differences in patients' overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) times.
	The role of iron in blindness caused by ocular toxoplasmosis Researchers from Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine have identified the role of iron in ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), a form of toxoplasmosis that causes blindness. They found reduced iron concentration in the clear gel part of the eye of human patients and iron accumulation in the retina of mice. Treatment of mice with a compound that decreases iron was successful in reducing their symptoms.
	How COVID-19 compromised US gains in controlling HIV The COVID-19 pandemic slowed previous gains made in controlling HIV blood levels and worsened health disparities, according to UC Francisco researchers leading the largest U.S. evaluation of the impact of the public health crisis on people with HIV.
	Smaller hippocampus linked to cognitive decline With the rise of new drugs that can target the amyloid-beta plaques in the brain that are an early sign of Alzheimer's disease, new ways are needed to determine whether memory loss and thinking problems are due to Alzheimer's disease or another neurodegenerative disorder. A new study published in Neurology shows that shrinkage in the hippocampus area of the brain is associated with cognitive decline, even in people who don't have amyloid plaques in the brain. The hippocampus plays a role in memory.
	Investigating concerns over informed consent for pregnant women in RSV vaccine trial A debate has broken out over whether Pfizer should have told pregnant women taking part in its maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine trial that a trial of a similar GSK vaccine was stopped over a safety signal around preterm birth, an investigation by The BMJ reveals.
	COVID-19 likely to peak in colder months as virus becomes endemic, finds study As COVID-19 becomes endemic in the United States, infecting populations in wave after wave annually, scientists are trying to determine whether the timing of these surges will ever be predictable.
	Problem screen use hits attention and higher-level thinking, according to study In a research first, an analysis of all the available evidence on the cognitive impacts of problematic screen use has shown it interferes with vital brain functions.
	Asian groups in US differ when it comes to cardiovascular disease and its risks Cardiovascular disease varies greatly across Asian American ethnic groups, underscoring the need to study each individually when it comes to prevention and treatment, according to new research.
	Marijuana component offers opioid alternative by effectively treating dental pain In a recent study that could revolutionize dental pain management, Rutgers researchers have found that cannabidiol (CBD)—the non-addictive marijuana derivative—alleviates acute dental pain.
	Air pollution found to increase the risk of cardiac arrest Air pollution is the fourth largest risk factor for premature death. New research from the Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM) shows that even very low levels of air pollution can be associated with increased risk. This does not only apply to larger cities, but also in smaller towns.
	Novel workflow closes the gap in detecting 5q-spinal muscular atrophy The disease 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (5q-SMA) is one of the more common types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) affecting around 1 in 10,000 individuals worldwide. Currently, tests are unable to detect all pathogenic genetic variants leading to 5q-SMA. However, researchers were able to reliably identify patients with 5q-SMA within a diagnostic whole exome analysis by using a modified analysis workflow, including several who did not exhibit typical symptoms. They report their results in the Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases.
	How climate change is making Australians sick, and how government policy is failing Climate change presents a major public health concern in Australia, marked by unprecedented wildfires, heat waves, floods, droughts, and the spread of climate-sensitive infectious diseases.
	Q&A: How does mental health affect sports concussion recovery? Athletes hitting the field for the fall sports season may want to pay just as much attention to their mental health as their physical health. Underlying mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety can cause symptoms similar to what some athletes report post-concussion, potentially causing an unnecessary delay in their return to sports and other activities, according to a team led by Penn State researchers.
	Artificial intelligence aids fight against acute myeloid leukemia When Mauricio Ferrato completed his doctorate in computer and information sciences at the University of Delaware a few months ago, he made his mark in more ways than one.
	Novel method facilitates study of oxidized lipids involved in neurodegenerative diseases Lipids are a diversified class of biomolecules with a wide array of functions, from energy storage to regulation of fundamental cellular processes. Oxidized lipids have received considerable attention because of their association with oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell signaling. Oxylipins, for example, are bioactive lipids generated by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and have been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.
	Infant brain activity predicts social flexibility, stress recovery in first year Caregivers celebrate many milestones between a baby's birth and their first birthday. During these 12 months, many infants go from being unable to support their head to crawling and standing, and from watching their parents to smiling, babbling, and waving at them. Some babies even say their first words or take their first steps.
	Physician burnout is reduced with peer support, study finds A new Kaiser Permanente physician peer support program designed to reduce burnout helped improve doctors' well-being and had a positive impact on the culture of the medical departments that took part in the program, Kaiser Permanente researchers have found.
	Researchers identify the variants responsible for a rare and serious disorder Many disorders are caused by genetic variants; to make matters worse, the genetic origin of most disorders remains unknown. Now, in a study recently published in the Journal of Clinical Immunology, researchers have shed light on the specific variants responsible for one rare and serious disorder: "RAD50 deficiency/Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder."
	Which conditions should keep someone from having a gun? Every time the country is shaken by a tragic mass shooting and the loss of innocent lives, mental illness and its role in the actions of the mass shooter come under scrutiny.
	What is the PanaNatra line of painkillers and can herbal products effectively relieve pain? In an era when chronic pain affects millions worldwide, the search for effective and safe pain relief has never been greater.
	A valuable home dialysis procedure for children with chronic kidney disease In an educational review published in the journal Pediatric Nephrology, clinicians at UC Davis and Oregon Health & Science University discuss an important procedure for children with advanced kidney disease: tidal continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (TPD). The paper outlines the advantages of this approach and highlights several clinical nuances to help nephrologists embrace the procedure.
	Neurotoxin BMAA found in dust from Great Salt Lake In a startling discovery, researchers have identified a chronic neurotoxin known as BMAA in dust particles from the Great Salt Lake's dried lakebed. This toxin, linked to neurodegenerative illnesses, has become a significant health concern due to its presence in windblown dust that reaches populous metropolitan areas along the Wasatch Front.
	STIM-mediated calcium influx regulates maintenance and selection of germinal center B cells: Study Germinal centers (GCs) are specialized microenvironments where antigen (Ag)-specific B cells undergo antibody affinity maturation and clonal expansion. Positive selection of high-affinity GC B cells is driven by Ag internalization through their B cell receptor (BCR) and presentation to follicular helper T (Tfh) cells.
	Investigating the smallpox blanket controversy In Indian Country, it is an accepted fact that white settlers distributed items, such as blankets contaminated with smallpox and other infectious diseases, aiming to reduce the population of Native people resisting their Manifest Destiny. These accounts have left a legacy of trauma and distrust in Native communities that persist to this day. It comes as quite a surprise to Indigenous people to learn that a controversy exists regarding the veracity of these events. This article aims to answer some of the lingering questions while shedding light on the controversy.
	Researchers develop preclinical vaccine to regulate immune responses to prevent kidney and heart transplant rejection A subtype of CD8 T cells, which are classically known to promote immune system responses, may be in fact regulating the immune system by suppressing immune cells causing self-destructive responses leading to autoimmune disorders and organ graft rejection. A team led by researchers from the Department of Medicine and the Transplant Research Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital, in collaboration with researchers from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, has developed a vaccine in preclinical models to promote immune regulation.
	FTC warns food industry trade groups and influencers about disclosures on paid social media posts The Federal Trade Commission on Wednesday said it issued warnings to two food and beverage industry groups, as well as a dozen online influencers, for failing to adequately disclose paid social media posts that promoted a sweetener and sugary products.
	How lawmakers in Texas and Florida undermine COVID vaccination efforts A rule added to Texas' budget that went into effect Sept. 1 forbids health departments and other organizations funded by the state government to advertise, recommend, or even list COVID vaccines alone. "Clinics may inform patients that COVID-19 vaccinations are available," the rule allows, "if it is not being singled out from other vaccines."
	Cardio, weights and the right foods: Keys to staying healthy over 50 Keep moving. Do you want to stay healthier as you push past 50? Ward off arthritis and other conditions that come with age? Then get up and get active.
	Research presented at the American Society of Nephrology meeting The annual meeting of the American Society of Nephrology (Kidney Week) was held this year from Nov. 2 to 5 in Philadelphia and attracted participants from around the world, including nephrology specialists, researchers, scientists, and other health care professionals. The conference featured presentations focusing on the latest advances in the management of patients with kidney diseases and related disorders.
	Health professionals need to collaborate. Changing how they're taught helps build that skill When health professionals collaborate rather than operating in silos, everyone benefits—patients, families and the health system at large. This is a fact supported by ample research evidence. The professionals reap the benefits, too: staff satisfaction and retention are improved through collaboration.
	From 2018–2022, eating disorder claim lines increased 65% nationally as a percentage of all medical claim lines: Report From 2018 to 2022, eating disorder claim lines increased 65% nationally as a percentage of all medical claim lines. All eating disorders studied increased during this period, but at different rates: avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) by 305%, binge-eating disorder by 81%, anorexia nervosa (anorexia) by 73% and bulimia nervosa (bulimia) by 3% .
	Patient-centered clinical guideline on partial breast irradiation for early-stage invasive breast cancer and DCIS The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) issued today a clinical guideline on partial breast irradiation for patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). For the guideline, experts in breast cancer compiled evidence—including several recently published large, randomized clinical trials—to provide guidance on which patients can benefit from partial breast radiation, as well as best practices to deliver the treatment effectively.
	Video: Essential tips to ensure safe sleep for infants The risk for sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS, is highest in the first year of life. SIDS often happens during sleep, which is why knowing and practicing safe sleep is so important.
	'I was told to return to work as soon as I regained consciousness.' Why few assaulted nurses report it to police Violence against nurses is pervasive. They are more likely to experience physical violence than any other health-care professionals. Violence against nurses occurs in the context of violence against women, with 87.5% of Australia's nursing workforce identifying as women.
	Obesity paradox and lung cancer: Metformin-based therapeutic opportunity? A new editorial paper titled "Obesity paradox and lung cancer, metformin-based therapeutic opportunity?" has been published in Oncotarget.
	Longitudinal characterization of behavioral, morphological and transcriptomic changes in a tauopathy mouse model A new research paper titled "Longitudinal characterization of behavioral, morphological and transcriptomic changes in a tauopathy mouse model" has been published in Aging.

Other Sciences news

	Radiocarbon dating meets Egyptology and Biblical accounts in the city of Gezer New dates provide detailed insights into the timing of events in the ancient city of Gezer, according to a study published November 15, 2023 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Lyndelle Webster of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and colleagues.
	Extended kin can play an important role in times of crisis, research finds Extended family members may play a significant role in peoples' lives during extreme events, an important finding in new research led by an Emory University sociologist.
	Focus groups can work without a moderator, research shows Focus groups that feed views, experiences and opinions into politics, business and research might yield more open interaction and discussion within groups by moving moderators to a separate room, shows new research.
	The name game: CEOs with favorable surnames found to receive higher pay Research from Bayes Business School (formerly Cass) shows that the 'favorability' of a CEO's surname plays a major role in determining their job security and can increase their total compensation by as much as 4.9%.
	Do extracurricular activities always give children a head start? Research says maybe not In China, there is an old saying, "Don't let your children lose on the starting line." It highlights parents' desire to jumpstart their child's early development. Especially in recent years, parents have become increasingly anxious about their children's education, making it a trend to encourage children to participate in extracurricular activities from an early age. But is participating in extracurricular classes always advantageous for young children?
	Why analysts make mistakes that take stock markets on a roller coaster ride The extent of fluctuations on Wall Street has always surprised those who apply basic asset pricing models to the market. These models explain stock prices based on the return required by investors to hold assets with different levels of risk.
	Research examines differences in charitable giving among communities of color New research released today by the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy explores charitable giving trends by race and ethnicity—a topic that has not been extensively studied—and looks at declines in participation in giving among communities of color during a nearly two-decade period.
	Children's spelling skills found to improve when teaching integrates movement A new study from the University of Copenhagen's Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports shows that children who use their bodies to 'shape' letter sounds improve their spelling skills more than those who receive traditional classroom instruction. The learning strategy works for children with normal literacy development, as well as for those who are at risk of experiencing reading difficulties.
	The 'liking gap' is real for second language English speakers, research shows A study from Concordia's Applied Linguistics Lab suggests that most people are usually overly harsh on themselves when speaking in a second language.
	Generational tensions flare as Japan faces the economic reality of its aging baby boomers In 2024, the youngest of Japan's baby boomers will turn 75. The boomers are called the "bunched" generation in Japan because they were born in a short spurt in the late 1940s, in the aftermath of the end of the second world war.
	Late Prehistoric discovery turns archaeological assumptions on their head For a team of archaeologists digging in southwest Spain, the discovery of a Bronze/Iron Age stela—a funerary stone slab with carvings depicting an important individual—would have been exciting enough. But to find a stela that challenges longstanding interpretations of how the carvings represent gender and social roles in prehistoric times was beyond the teams' wildest dreams.
	Spoilers can't ruin true enjoyment of your favorite book series, TV show or sports team—here's why As I write this, my wife is desperately trying to avoid spoilers for the latest episode of Strictly Come Dancing. Having missed the original broadcast, she has been frantically logging out of all forms of social media, lest a stray Facebook status or retweet give the game away. Add to this the possibility of a friend innocently revealing what happens, and it's clear just how difficult it is to live spoiler-free.
	Around a million children in the UK are living in destitution—with harmful consequences for their development Millions of people in the UK are unable to meet their most basic physical needs: to stay warm, dry, clean and fed. This is known as destitution.
	A TikTok Jesus promises divine blessings and many worldly comforts The TikTok profile Daily Believer (@believerdaily) has 70 videos with computer-generated Jesuses looking directly at the viewer, beseeching them to stop scrolling and watch the next minute's worth of content.
	New report shines a light on the scope and scale of teenage terrorism offenders for the first time New research into children convicted of terrorism offenses in England and Wales has revealed a sharp rise in "homegrown" teenage terrorist activity, with extreme-right ideology fueling the majority of cases.
	Exploring the history of gender and transnational state violence in the US-Mexican border region Dr. Sonia Hernández, professor in the Department of History at Texas A&M University, has published an article in the September issue of the Journal of American History. Her article, titled "Gendering Transnational State Violence: Intertwined Histories of Intrigue and Injustice along the U.S.-Mexican Borderlands, 1900–1913," explores the complex histories of violence, gender and power dynamics in the U.S.-Mexican border region and the gendered aspects of violence and injustice.
	Female MP pioneers lost unique appeal to voters because of increasing party control over campaigning, study shows Early women parliamentary candidates found it harder to make unique appeals to represent the 'woman's point of view' over time because of increasing national control over campaigning, a new study shows.
	Representation matters in asynchronous, scripted online learning environment More schools in the U.S. are asking teachers to use scripted curriculum, an instructional method that outlines exactly what educators should say and what actions they need to take at each step in their lesson.
	Valuating companies based on climate risk response Investor and government attention to climate-related issues is rising. However, how to assess, mitigate, and hedge climate risk remain a major challenge to industry and researchers.
	Cost of living pressures in Australia sees social cohesion hit record low Financial and cost-of-living pressures are among the top issues impacting Australians' sense of belonging, pride and social cohesion in 2023, according to a major study from The Australian National University (ANU) and the Scanlon Foundation Research Institute.
	New report diagnoses drivers of South Africa's severe economic and social challenges A new report by Harvard's Growth Lab finds that South Africa's economy is performing poorly, and its society is facing the consequences of extreme unemployment and inequality. Three decades after the end of apartheid, the economy is defined by stagnation and exclusion, and current strategies are not achieving inclusion and empowerment in practice.
	How social media is breathing new life into Bhutan's unwritten local languages Dechen, 40, grew up in Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. Her native language was Mangdip, also known as Nyenkha, as her parents are originally from central Bhutan. She went to schools in the city, where the curriculum was predominantly taught in Dzongkha, the national language, and English.
	Canadian cities continue to over-invest in policing, researcher says Year-end debates about 2024 budgets have already begun across Canada, with cities like Waterloo and Ottawa proposing spikes in police budgets.
	'You only assess what you care about': A new report looks at how research is assessed in Australia Research plays a pivotal role in society. Through research, we gain new understandings, test theories and make discoveries.

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