Science X Newsletter Mon, Nov 20

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 20, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

An approach to plan the actions of robot teams in uncertain conditions

Reshaping protein design with function-first, AI-guided engineering

Archaeologists uncover Europe's hidden Bronze Age megastructures

Researchers develop comprehensive genetic map for bison, discover gene responsible for albinism

Researchers seek consensus on what constitutes Artificial General Intelligence

The way dogs see the world: Objects are more salient to smarter dogs

Why does even a small amount of red wine give some people headaches?

Proof of concept of new material for long lasting relief from dry mouth conditions

'Naked Clams': Aquaculture system hopes to turn marine pest into nutritious seafood

Study claims surfing creates $1 trillion wave for global economy by improving mental health

Saturday Citations: Bronze-Age gender representation, gamma rays, nice bonobos in your neighborhood want to meet you

Inverted perovskite solar cell breaks 25% efficiency record

Researchers develop potential glaucoma treatment strategy to guide stem cells to the retina

Researchers boost vaccines and immunotherapies with machine learning to drive more effective treatments

Lung cancer cells' 'memories' suggest new strategy for improving treatment

Nanotechnology news

	Gold nanoparticles and light could melt venous malformations away Venous malformations—tissues made up largely of abnormally shaped veins—are often difficult to treat, especially when located in sensitive areas like the eyes, face, and genitourinary organs. In the worst cases, the lesions are disfiguring and can crush or obstruct surrounding tissues, cause bleeding and clotting, interfere with breathing or vision, or impair circulation.
	Using tiny traps to study protein interactions can provide new knowledge about difficult-to-treat diseases Proteins that form clumps occur in many difficult-to-treat diseases, such as ALS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's. The mechanisms behind how the proteins interact with each other are difficult to study, but now researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, have discovered a new method for capturing many proteins in nano-sized traps. Inside the traps, the proteins can be studied in a way that has not been possible before.
	Team uses gold nanowires to develop wearable sensor that measures two bio-signals A research team led by Professor Sei Kwang Hahn and Dr. Tae Yeon Kim from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) used gold nanowires to develop an integrated wearable sensor device that effectively measures and processes two bio-signals simultaneously. Their research findings were featured in Advanced Materials.
	Korean researchers develop nanomaterial to enable eco-friendly removal of fine dust precursors Over the past decade, fine dust conditions in Korea have worsened, as perceived by the general public, with an increase in the number of days per year featuring high-concentration fine dust. Additionally, the previous maximum fine-dust concentration level has been surpassed. In response, the Korean government has expanded its financial investment in efforts aimed at addressing fine-dust issues.
	Researchers observe the operating principle of 'promoters' in a catalytic reaction in real-time For the first time, researchers at TU Wien have successfully observed the operating principle of so-called "promoters" in a catalytic reaction in real-time. These promoters play an important role in technology, but so far there is only limited understanding of how they work.
	From 2D to 3D: MXene's path to revolutionizing energy storage and more With a slew of impressive properties, transition metal carbides, generally referred to as MXenes, are exciting nanomaterials being explored in the energy storage sector. MXenes are two-dimensional materials that consist of flakes as thin as a few nanometers.

Physics news

	High-power fiber lasers emerge as a pioneering technology Optical scientists have found a new way to significantly increase the power of fiber lasers while maintaining their beam quality, making them a future key defense technology against low-cost drones and for use in other applications such as remote sensing.
	Research reveals rare metal could offer revolutionary switch for future quantum devices Quantum scientists have discovered a rare phenomenon that could hold the key to creating a 'perfect switch' in quantum devices which flips between being an insulator and a superconductor.
	New computer code for mechanics of tissues and cells in three dimensions Biological materials are made of individual components, including tiny motors that convert fuel into motion. This creates patterns of movement, and the material shapes itself with coherent flows by constant consumption of energy. Such continuously driven materials are called active matter.
	Boomerang-like beams of light: Research makes progress toward observing quantum backflow in two dimensions Researchers at the University of Warsaw's Faculty of Physics have superposed two light beams twisted in the clockwise direction to create anti-clockwise twists in the dark regions of the resultant superposition. The results of the research have been published in Optica. This discovery has implications for the study of light-matter interactions and represents a step towards the observation of a peculiar phenomenon known as a quantum backflow.
	A scientist explains an approaching milestone marking the arrival of quantum computers Quantum advantage is the milestone the field of quantum computing is fervently working toward, where a quantum computer can solve problems that are beyond the reach of the most powerful non-quantum, or classical, computers.

Earth news

	World's richest 1% emit as much carbon as bottom two-thirds: report The richest one percent of the global population are responsible for the same amount of carbon emissions as the world's poorest two-thirds, or five billion people, according to an analysis published Sunday by the nonprofit Oxfam International.
	AI finds formula for how to predict monster waves by using 700 years' worth of data Long considered myth, freakishly large rogue waves are very real and can split apart ships and even damage oil rigs. Using 700 years' worth of wave data from more than a billion waves, scientists at the University of Copenhagen and University of Victoria have used artificial intelligence to find a formula for how to predict the occurrence of these maritime monsters. The new knowledge can make shipping safer.
	Coastal river deltas threatened by more than climate change, study shows Worldwide, coastal river deltas are home to more than half a billion people, supporting fisheries, agriculture, cities, and fertile ecosystems. In a unique study covering 49 deltas globally, researchers from Lund University and Utrecht University have identified the most critical risks to deltas in the future. The research shows that deltas face multiple risks, and that population growth and poor environmental governance might pose bigger threats than climate change to the sustainability of Asian and African deltas, in particular.
	NASA mission excels at spotting greenhouse gas emission sources Since launching 16 months ago, the EMIT imaging spectrometer aboard the International Space Station has shown an ability to detect more than just surface minerals.
	Earth to warm up to 2.9C even with current climate pledges: UN Countries' greenhouse gas-cutting pledges put Earth on track for warming far beyond key limits, potentially up to a catastrophic 2.9 degrees Celsius this century, the UN said Monday, warning "we are out of road".
	Study examines how massive 2022 eruption changed stratosphere chemistry and dynamics When the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupted on January 15, 2022 in the South Pacific, it produced a shock wave felt around the world and triggered tsunamis in Tonga, Fiji, New Zealand, Japan, Chile, Peru and the United States.
	Blasts to clear World War II munitions could contaminate the ocean World War II concluded decades ago, but live mines lurking on the ocean floor still pose threats, potentially spewing unexpected geysers or releasing contaminants into the water. Experts conduct controlled explosions to clear underwater munitions, but concerns have arisen over the environmental impacts of these blasts.
	Fire is consuming more of the world's forests than ever before, threatening supplies of wood, paper A third of the world's forests are cut for timber. This generates US$1.5 trillion annually. But wildfire threatens industries such as timber milling and paper manufacturing, and the threat is far greater than most people realize.
	Threat from sand and dust storms spreading: UN The UN warned Wednesday that the number of sand and dust storms are increasing "dramatically" with Central Asia the most hit by the dangerous phenomenon.
	New hardiness zone map will help US gardeners keep pace with climate change Southern staples like magnolia trees and camellias may now be able to grow without frost damage in once-frigid Boston.
	Global one-day temperature spikes above 2C for first time: EU monitor The global average temperature on Friday was more than two degrees Celsius hotter than pre-industrial levels for the first time on record, Europe's Copernicus climate monitor said Monday, adding Saturday likely continued the unprecedented warming streak.
	Concern for the Great Barrier Reef can inspire climate action, but the way we talk about it matters There's no doubt you've heard the Great Barrier Reef is under pressure. The main culprit? Climate change. The main solution? An urgent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a shift away from fossil fuels.
	'Forever contaminant' road salts pose an icy dilemma: Do we protect drivers or our fresh water? As winter approaches, many communities in Canada and around the world arm themselves against icy roads and sidewalks with a time-honored ally: road salt. For decades, applying road salt has been regarded as a simple but vital tool in countering the dangers of slippery road conditions, but the downsides of its use are apparent with implications that extend beyond the cold months.
	Plants are likely to absorb more carbon dioxide in a changing climate than we thought—here's why The world's vegetation has a remarkable ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and store it as biomass. In doing so, plants slow down climate change since the CO2 they take up does not contribute to global warming.
	Myths about plastic pollution are leading to public confusion: Here's why Does the prediction that there could be "more plastic than fish in the ocean by 2050" concern you? How about reports that "we eat a credit card's worth of plastic per week"? These are some of the "facts" about plastic that are cited by the media.
	In many major crop regions, workers plant and harvest in spiraling heat and humidity A global study of major crops has found that farmworkers are being increasingly exposed to combinations of extreme heat and humidity during planting and harvest seasons that can make it hard for them to function. Such conditions have nearly doubled across the world since 1979, the authors report, a trend that could eventually hinder cultivation.
	Looking for lithium-bearing pegmatites The commercial importance of lithium is ever-growing, and its production is globally dominated by lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatites. These are spectacular rocks featuring impressive ultra-coarse textures, but they are very elusive due to a combination of factors: they are small, and until a decade ago, they were often regarded as nothing more than a geological curiosity. As a result, our knowledge of LCT pegmatites from an exploration standpoint is limited, which makes them hard to find.
	New psychology study unearths ways to bolster global climate awareness and climate action An international team of scientists has created a tool that can aid in increasing climate awareness and climate action globally by highlighting messaging themes shown to be effective through experimental research.
	A volcano may keep residents out of an evacuated Iceland town for months People in southwest Iceland remained on edge Saturday, waiting to see whether a volcano rumbling under the Reykjanes Peninsula will erupt. Civil protection authorities said that even if it doesn't, it's likely to be months before it is safe for residents evacuated from the danger zone to go home.
	First French ski reports open, but only at high altitude A few French high-altitude ski resorts opened ahead of schedule Saturday, just days after storms in the northern Alps wiped out some early snows.
	Torrential rains in Brazil leave at least six dead Flooding and landslides triggered by heavy rains in southern Brazil have claimed at least six lives over the past week, authorities said Sunday.
	At least 21 dead in torrential Dominican Republic rains At least 21 people, including three children, died after heavy rainfall inundated the Dominican Republic over the weekend, authorities said Sunday, warning the downpours were linked to worsening climate change.
	Frustration as latest talks on global plastic treaty close The latest negotiations toward a global plastic treaty concluded late Sunday with disagreement about how the pact should work and frustration from environment groups over delays and lack of progress.
	Women are leading the fight to stop climate change Over the past few years, international climate policy has been shaped largely by a close-knit group of politicians in the twilight of their careers. Now leaders from beyond the traditional U.S.-Europe-China power center—some new to the international stage, others already veterans—are emerging. And women are at the forefront.
	Q&A: To save the planet's glaciers, human actions still matter, says scientist Climate change is melting glaciers around the world. Vanishing ice means less water for the millions of people relying on it and threatens the habitats of species—from bacteria to plants and fish—that live in glacier-fed ecosystems.

Astronomy and Space news

	SpaceX poised for second launch of mega Starship rocket SpaceX is poised Saturday for the second test launch of Starship, the largest rocket ever built that Elon Musk hopes will one day colonize Mars, while NASA awaits a modified version to land humans on the moon.
	SpaceX launched its giant new rocket but explosions end the second test flight SpaceX launched its mega rocket Starship but lost both the booster and the spacecraft in a pair of explosions minutes into Saturday's test flight.
	Physicists answer question of Supergalactic Plane's absent spiral galaxies Astrophysicists say they have found an answer to why spiral galaxies like our own Milky Way are largely missing from a part of our local universe called the Supergalactic Plane.
	'Teenage galaxies' are unusually hot, glowing with unexpected elements Similar to human teenagers, teenage galaxies are awkward, experience growth spurts and enjoy heavy metal—nickel, that is.
	Using recovery capsules to prevent loss of data from balloon-based telescopes An international team of astrophysicists, aerospace engineers and balloonists has found that data recovery capsules are a viable means of ensuring data integrity in the event of loss of flight capabilities or communications abilities in balloon-based telescope projects. In their paper published in a special issue of Aerospace, the group describes their test of four Data Recovery System (DRS) capsules containing 5 TB of telescopic data sent aboard a helium-filled, super-pressurized balloon.
	Investigating the contribution of gamma-ray blazar flares to neutrino flux Blazars belong to the family of active galactic nuclei called quasars. What differentiates them from quasars is that the flares ejected out of these active galactic nuclei are pointed toward the Earth. These flares contain high-energy cosmic rays which are released from the core of these galaxies as jets spanning many light years. Such cosmic rays can interact with photons to produce subatomic particles called neutrinos.
	Webb reveals new features in heart of Milky Way The latest image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows a portion of the dense center of our galaxy in unprecedented detail, including never-before-seen features astronomers have yet to explain. The star-forming region, named Sagittarius C (Sgr C), is about 300 light-years from the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*.
	Progress in Starship test launch, but ship and booster explode SpaceX on Saturday made progress in the second test launch of its mammoth Starship rocket, with the booster separating from the spaceship, but both then exploding shortly after over the ocean.
	Australians vote on name for home-made moon rover Australians began voting Monday on a name for the country's first home-made moon rover, with a shortlist including "Mateship", "Roo-ver" and "Kakirra"—an Indigenous word for the Earth's satellite.
	The universe can't hide behind the Zone of Avoidance any longer Our view of the cosmos is always limited by the fact we are located within a galaxy filled with interstellar gas and dust. This is most dramatically seen in the central region of the Milky Way, which is filled with so much dust that it is sometimes referred to as the Zone of Avoidance. Within this zone, our observations of extragalactic objects are limited, but that is starting to change.
	NASA's 'flawless' heat shield demo passes the test A little more than a year ago, a NASA flight test article came screaming back from space at more than 18,000 mph, reaching temperatures of nearly 2,700°F before gently splashing down in the Pacific Ocean. At that moment, it became the largest blunt body—a type of reentry vehicle that creates a heat-deflecting shockwave—ever to reenter Earth's atmosphere.
	Juice burns hard toward first-ever Earth–moon flyby On 17 November 2023, ESA's Juice spacecraft carried out one of the largest and most important maneuvers in its eight-year journey to Jupiter.
	In 2024, Space Coast gears up for most astronaut launches since '09 The business of sending humans into space has not yet risen to the levels seen during the space shuttle program, but 2024 could see the most U.S.-based orbital launches in 15 years.

Technology news

	An approach to plan the actions of robot teams in uncertain conditions While most robots are initially tested in laboratory settings and other controlled environments, they are designed to be deployed in real-world environments, helping humans to tackle various problems. Navigating real-world environments entails dealing with high levels of uncertainty and unpredictability, particularly when robots are completing missions as a team.
	Researchers seek consensus on what constitutes Artificial General Intelligence A team of researchers at DeepMind focusing on the next frontier of artificial intelligence—Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)—realized they needed to resolve one key issue first. What exactly, they asked, is AGI?
	Inverted perovskite solar cell breaks 25% efficiency record Northwestern University researchers have raised the standards again for perovskite solar cells with a new development that helped the emerging technology hit new records for efficiency.
	AI system self-organizes to develop features of brains of complex organisms Cambridge scientists have shown that placing physical constraints on an artificially-intelligent system—in much the same way that the human brain has to develop and operate within physical and biological constraints—allows it to develop features of the brains of complex organisms in order to solve tasks.
	Low-cost adaptable testbed design for terahertz technology Terahertz communication will shape the future of wireless networks. Extensive high data rates with secure networks are possible with terahertz technology. However, such a high frequency also presents well-known challenges, such as limited range and susceptibility to atmospheric absorption.
	New research explores innovative methods in data visualization with Jaya algorithm Graphs are essential tools for visualizing complex information, from social networks to biological pathways. However, designing these graphs can be challenging, as it involves balancing aesthetics with the practicality of automatic generation.
	Synthetic imagery sets new bar in AI training efficiency Data is the new soil, and in this fertile new ground, MIT researchers are planting more than just pixels. By using synthetic images to train machine learning models, a team of scientists recently surpassed results obtained from traditional "real-image" training methods.
	This 3D printer can watch itself fabricate objects With 3D inkjet printing systems, engineers can fabricate hybrid structures that have soft and rigid components, like robotic grippers that are strong enough to grasp heavy objects but soft enough to interact safely with humans.
	What is LockBit, the cybercrime gang hacking some of the world's largest organizations? While ransomware incidents have been occurring for more than 30 years, only in the last decade has the term "ransomware" appeared regularly in popular media. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that blocks access to computer systems or encrypts files until a ransom is paid.
	AI: How it hands power to machines to transform the way we view the world There are signs of AI everywhere, it's behind everything from customer service chatbots to the personalized ads we receive when browsing online. However, we remain largely unaware of the hidden algorithms doing the heavy legwork behind the scenes.
	Amazon lays off hundreds in its Alexa division as it plows resources into AI Amazon is cutting hundreds of jobs in the unit that handles its popular voice assistant Alexa as it plows more resources into artificial intelligence.
	ChatGPT-maker OpenAI fires CEO Sam Altman, the face of the AI boom, for lack of candor with company ChatGPT-maker Open AI said Friday it has pushed out its co-founder and CEO Sam Altman after a review found he was "not consistently candid in his communications" with the board of directors.
	News anchors targeted by deepfake scammers on Facebook In a Facebook video viewed by thousands, CNN's Wolf Blitzer appears to hawk a diabetes drug. In another, "CBS Mornings" host Gayle King seems to endorse weight loss products.
	'Please regulate AI:' Artists push for U.S. copyright reforms but tech industry says not so fast Country singers, romance novelists, video game artists and voice actors are appealing to the U.S. government for relief—as soon as possible—from the threat that artificial intelligence poses to their livelihoods.
	US transition to electric vehicles faces delays The US transition to electric cars has hit a speed bump, with concerns about vehicle range and limited charging capacity adding to core affordability issues.
	How big tech generated billions in fines... then didn't pay them Rarely a month goes by without big tech companies getting fined for price fixing, squashing competitors or misusing data, but it can take years before they pay a penny.
	Investors in OpenAI seek return of fired CEO, US media report Major investors in OpenAI, the company behind hugely popular ChatGPT, are working to orchestrate the return as CEO of Sam Altman, a leader in the AI revolution who was fired in a shock move Friday, US media reported Sunday.
	OpenAI stands by decision to fire Sam Altman despite pressure: US media The board of ChatGPT creator OpenAI on Sunday rejected pressure from Microsoft and other major investors to reverse its stunning decision to fire CEO Sam Altman, US media reported.
	Australia targets tech giants with 'harmful content' standards Australia's internet watchdog wants to force technology giants to crack down on deepfake child abuse material and "pro-terror content" under new, industry-wide protocols being developed in the country.
	Twitch co-founder Emmett Shear confirms appointment as new OpenAI CEO Twitch co-founder Emmett Shear confirmed his appointment as OpenAI's new CEO on Monday, days after the AI firm fired Sam Altman.
	Hackers are exploiting a flaw in Citrix software despite fix A critical flaw in software from Citrix Systems Inc., a company that pioneered remote access so people can work anywhere, has been exploited by government-backed hackers and criminal groups, according to a U.S. cyber official.
	Apple plans to make it easier to text between iPhones and Androids In a major reversal, Apple Inc. plans to adopt a technological standard next year that will allow text messaging to operate more smoothly between iPhones and Android devices.
	OpenAI staff threaten mass exodus to join ex-CEO Hundreds of staff at OpenAI threatened to quit the leading artificial intelligence company on Monday and join Microsoft, deepening a crisis triggered by the shock sacking of CEO Sam Altman.
	AI is now accessible to everyone: 3 things parents should teach their kids It is almost a year since ChatGPT burst onto the scene, fueling great excitement as well as concern about what it might mean for education.
	What is a sonar pulse and how can it injure humans under water? Over the weekend, the Australian government revealed that last Tuesday its navy divers had sustained "minor injuries," likely due to sonar pulses from a Chinese navy vessel.
	Large language models pose risk to science with false answers, says study Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a direct threat to science because of so-called "hallucinations" (untruthful responses), and should be restricted to protect scientific truth, says a new paper from leading Artificial Intelligence researchers at the Oxford Internet Institute.
	Creativity in the age of generative AI: A new era of creative partnerships Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have showcased its potential in a wide range of creative activities such as producing works of art, composing symphonies, and even drafting legal texts, slide presentations, or the like.
	Researchers develop automatic text recognition for ancient cuneiform tablets A new artificial intelligence (AI) application developed by a team from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and Mainz University of Applied Sciences is now able to decipher difficult-to-read texts on cuneiform tablets.
	Microsoft hires 2 leading executives from company that created ChatGPT Microsoft on Monday hired two leading executives from the company that created ChatGPT after one of them was abruptly fired by OpenAI, the startup whose chatbot kicked off the era of generative artificial intelligence.
	Largest study of its kind shows outdated password practices are putting millions at risk Three out of four of the world's most popular websites are putting tens of millions of users and their data at risk by failing to meet minimum password requirement standards.
	Artificial intelligence in human resource management A detailed literature review published in the International Journal of Business Innovation and Research has looked at the interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) tools and human resource management (HRM). The review aims to provide clarity on the nuanced dynamics shaping the digital era.
	Decentralized influencers: How opinion leaders on Twitter (X) shape the Bitcoin discussion Bitcoin has made global headlines in recent years, with a significant portion of the cryptocurrency discourse taking place on Twitter, renamed X this year. A single tweet by Elon Musk, who in 2021 announced on Twitter that Bitcoin would be accepted in payment for Tesla products, can have significant impact on the crypto market as a whole. Yet there are others on Twitter who also play a role in shaping the way Bitcoin is viewed.
	Redefining the quest for artificial intelligence: What should replace the Turing test? In a paper published in Intelligent Computing, Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird of Princeton University and Marco Ragni of Chemnitz University of Technology propose a novel alternative to the Turing test, a milestone test developed by computing pioneer Alan Turing. The paper suggests that it is time to shift the focus from whether a machine can mimic human responses to a more fundamental question: "Does a program reason in the way that humans reason?"
	Researchers develop new percussion method to detect pipeline elbow erosion A University of Houston engineering research team is pioneering a new method, based on percussion, to detect pipeline elbow erosion.
	Want better AI? Get input from a real (human) expert Can AI be trusted? The question pops up wherever AI is used or discussed—which, these days, is everywhere.
	Residential solar power saves less energy than expected Imagine a household that consumes 1,000 kilowatt hours of energy per month. Then they install solar panels on their roof that generate 500 kilowatt hours of electricity per month on average. How much should their consumption of electricity drawn from the power grid decline after they install solar? Five hundred kilowatt hours is the expectation, but in reality, it's less than that for most people. Now, they're consuming more than 1,000 kilowatt hours per month.
	New tech for tackling increasing demand by 'internet of things' on mobile networks A novel technology to manage demands on mobile networks from multiple users using Terahertz frequencies has been developed by University of Leicester computer scientists.
	Sam Altman, ousted pioneer of OpenAI, is serial entrepreneur Sam Altman, the tech titan behind ChatGPT, was abruptly fired Friday by OpenAI, the company that launched the revolutionary artificial intelligence chatbot.
	Gaming fans throng Seoul for League of Legends world final Thousands of fans from around the world have descended on South Korea's capital Seoul for the League of Legends world championship final on Sunday, widely considered the Super Bowl of e-sports.
	Advertisers drop X after Musk backs anti-Semitic post An exodus of big-name advertisers appeared under way at X, formerly Twitter, on Friday in the wake of Elon Musk endorsing an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory.
	'Big Three' auto employees ratify overhauled contracts: union source Members of the United Auto Workers (UAW) have ratified the in-principle labor agreements promising sweeping pay increases that were reached with US car companies Ford, Stellantis and General Motors, a union source told AFP Saturday.
	South Korea's T1 win record fourth League of Legends world title South Korean powerhouse T1 swept aside China's Weibo Gaming on Sunday to clinch a record fourth League of Legends world championship, widely considered the Super Bowl of e-sports.
	3rd release of treated water from Japan's damaged Fukushima nuclear plant ends safely, operator says The release of a third batch of treated radioactive wastewater from Japan's damaged Fukushima nuclear plant into the Pacific Ocean ended safely as planned, its operator said Monday, as the country's seafood producers continue to suffer from a Chinese import ban imposed after the discharges began.
	Microsoft hires Sam Altman, and OpenAI's new CEO vows to investigate his firing Microsoft snapped up Sam Altman and another architect of OpenAI for a new venture after their sudden departures shocked the artificial intelligence world, leaving the newly installed CEO of the ChatGPT maker to paper over tensions by vowing to investigate Altman's firing.
	Countless hours of LAPD body camera videos go unwatched. Could AI be the answer? On any given day, Los Angeles police officers record roughly 8,000 interactions with the public on body-worn cameras. Most of the footage goes unseen.
	Altman drama: twist in seven-year Microsoft, OpenAI relationship Microsoft's hiring of ousted OpenAI CEO Sam Altman on Monday marks another twist in the seven-year-old partnership between the US giant and the startup that created ChatGPT.
	What will happen when all those EV batteries reach their end of life? The federal government and the provincial governments of Ontario and Quebec have committed tens of billions of dollars to the development of electric vehicle (EV) battery-manufacturing facilities and supply chains over the past two years.
	Workers at Detroit's 'Big 3' ratify labor contract: union Workers from Ford, General Motors and Stellantis ratified new contracts with hefty wage hikes, their union announced Monday, closing the books on an historic autoworkers strike at the three Detroit giants.
	Research scientists produce a global overview of road transportation of industrial roundwood A survey conducted by the University of Eastern Finland and a total of 34 other universities, research institutes and companies has produced a comprehensive and global overview of the road transportation of industrial roundwood.
	TikTok has a startling amount of sexual content and it's way too easy for children to access, researchers say Explicit content has long been a feature of the internet and social media, and young people's exposure to it has been a persistent concern.

Chemistry news

	Researchers boost vaccines and immunotherapies with machine learning to drive more effective treatments Small molecules called immunomodulators can help create more effective vaccines and stronger immunotherapies to treat cancer.
	To study radioactive neptunium and plutonium, researchers establish a novel chemistry Oxidation is the process where atoms lose electrons during a chemical reaction. Among the radioactive elements, neptunium and plutonium are much harder to oxidize than uranium.
	Study looks at RNA's solo act on the ever-changing stage of cellular dynamics RNA has been in the limelight for its starring role in cutting-edge vaccine technology, but RNA molecules are also key players in the inner workings of cells.
	400-year-old mystery of why early explosive produces purple smoke solved by academics Scientists at the University of Bristol have discovered why fulminating gold—the world's first known high explosive—produces a purple smoke when it detonates, solving a 400-year-old alchemy puzzle.

Biology news

	Reshaping protein design with function-first, AI-guided engineering A significant step forward in protein design from Generate Biomedicines, Massachusetts, has developed an AI that can generate feasible protein structures and predict the potential functionality of the proteins generated.
	Researchers develop comprehensive genetic map for bison, discover gene responsible for albinism A research team led by scientists from the Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (VMBS) has developed the most comprehensive genome yet for the North American bison, bringing the animal's genetic roadmap up to date with the latest genome sequencing technology. In doing so, the research team also discovered the gene responsible for albinism in bison.
	The way dogs see the world: Objects are more salient to smarter dogs When we point at an object, the toddler focuses on the object, while the dog usually takes the gesture as a directional cue.
	'Naked Clams': Aquaculture system hopes to turn marine pest into nutritious seafood Researchers hoping to rebrand a marine pest as a nutritious food have developed the world's first system of farming shipworms, which they have renamed "Naked Clams." These long, white saltwater clams are the world's fastest-growing bivalve and can reach 30cm long in just six months. They do this by burrowing into waste wood and converting it into highly-nutritious protein.
	The sound of injustice: Inequitable urban noise impacts people, wildlife Noise is an unseen pollutant with very real health impacts. Like many other forms of pollution, because of systemic injustice, it affects some people more than others. It also affects wildlife.
	These bats use their penis as an 'arm' during sex but not for penetration Mammals usually mate via penetrative sex, but researchers report Nov. 20 in the journal Current Biology that a species of bat, the serotine bat, (Eptesicus serotinus) mates without penetration. This is the first time non-penetrative sex has been documented in a mammal.
	Half of tested caviar products from Europe are illegal, and some aren't even caviar, finds study Wild caviar, a pricey delicacy made from sturgeon eggs, has been illegal for decades since poaching brought the fish to the brink of extinction. Today, legal, internationally tradeable caviar can only come from farmed sturgeon, and there are strict regulations in place to help protect the species.
	Why purple-crowned fairy-wrens engage in cooperative breeding A team of biologists at Monash University, working with a colleague from Wageningen University, has found an explanation for why purple-crowned fairy wrens engage in cooperative breeding. In their paper published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the group describes their study of the birds in the wild.
	Study of crossbred butterflies suggests multiple genes involved in hybrid animal sterility When animals of two different species mate, their hybrid offspring can be unhealthy or sterile. Often, only one sex is affected.
	Researchers reveal how mycorrhizal species regulate plant-soil carbon in forests In a study published in Nature Climate Change, researchers led by Prof. Zhu Jiaojun from the Institute of Applied Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have reported a mycorrhizae-mediated trade-off between plant biomass and soil carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems under nitrogen deposition and warming conditions.
	Microbiome development: Bacteria lay the foundations for their descendants The microbiome (the symbiotic community of microbial organisms of a host) is of existential importance for the functioning of every plant and animal, including human beings. A research team from Düsseldorf and Kiel headed by Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) has now used the example of the sea anemone Nematostella vectenis to investigate how the microbiome develops together with the host.
	AI-powered crab gender identification: Revolutionizing fishery management and conservation When winter comes to Japan, fishermen in the northern regions set out to capture one of the most anticipated seasonal delicacies: the horsehair crab. Known locally as "kegani" and bearing the scientific name Erimacrus isenbeckii, this species of crustacean is highly sought after throughout the country.
	Using single-antibodies as a new tool to build bio-circuitry By using single-antibodies, Professor Hirohide Saito (Department of Life Science Frontiers) and his team of researchers, Shodai Komatsu and Assistant Professor Hirohisa Ohno, have developed a novel system to control gene expression in response to any target molecule inside cells, and they have employed it to design various synthetic biological circuits, including one for cell-specific genome editing.
	New method combines synthetic biology with AI in the cell-free quest for new antibiotics The rising resistance of bacteria to antibiotics presents an escalating global health risk. Now, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg, Germany, have combined synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a more efficient approach to finding and creating new antimicrobial peptides that are effective against a wide range of bacteria. Their paper is published in the journal Nature Communications.
	Adding calcium to soils can help increase organic matter, trap more carbon Farmers add calcium to their soil for many reasons related to increasing crop yields—including regulating pH and improving soil structure.
	Protecting delicate polar ecosystems by mapping biodiversity Polar regions contain vast, undiscovered biodiversity but are both the most threatened and least-understood areas of the world.
	Unraveling the surprisingly complex history of crocodiles Crocodiles have a deep and varied evolutionary past. Now researchers are peeling back the layers to find out how the surviving species came to be.
	Predicting the response of fungal genes using a new machine-learning approach Signals from the environment set off a cascade of changes that affect different genes in different ways. Therefore, traditionally, it has been difficult to study how such signals influence an organism. In a new study, researchers have developed a machine-learning approach called FUN-PROSE to predict how genes react to different environmental conditions.
	Study reveals new clues about how whales and dolphins came to use echolocation A study published in Diversity provides new insight into how toothed whales and dolphins came to navigate the underwater world using sound waves.
	Researchers use quantum computing to predict gene relationships In a new multidisciplinary study, researchers at Texas A&M University showed how quantum computing—a new kind of computing that can process additional types of data—can assist with genetic research and used it to discover new links between genes that scientists were previously unable to detect.
	Jurassic Park: Why we're still struggling to realize it 30 years on "Jurassic Park" is arguably the ultimate Hollywood blockbuster. Aside from the appeal of human-chomping dinosaurs, tense action sequences and ground-breaking cinematography, its release in 1993 was a movies-meet-science milestone.
	Researcher: Big cats eat more monkeys in a damaged tropical forest, which threatens survival of primate populations Monkeys are not usually a popular menu item for big cats. Primates are, after all, hard to catch: living in the canopies of large trees and rarely coming down to the ground. Jaguar and puma have varied diets and will normally hunt the species that are most common where they live, such as deer, peccary (a type of wild pig) and armadillo.
	Dogs are coming down with an unusual respiratory illness in several US states Veterinary laboratories in several states are investigating an unusual respiratory illness in dogs, and encouraging people to take basic precautions to keep their pets healthy as veterinarians try to pin down what's making the animals sick.
	Research provides new methods to improve capture rates of ground-dwelling arthropods using pitfall trapping Pitfall traps are commonly used for capturing ground-dwelling arthropods, particularly beetles, ants, and spiders. The efficiency of a pitfall trapping system is significantly influenced by the quantity and size of traps, the spatial distribution of traps across the sampling area, and the movement characteristics of arthropods.
	Climate change threatens cereal crop yields: Study The effects of climate change pose a major challenge for cereal production in many regions. In a study published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, ZALF scientists have investigated how warmer temperatures, increased carbon dioxide levels and changes in water availability affect globally important cereals such as wheat, maize, millet, sorghum and rice.
	Dung beetle iDNA as an additional tool for biodiversity assessment Many dung beetles use mammalian feces as a food source and build and relocate dung balls to lay eggs and shelter their larvae. This behavior provides many ecosystem services including nutrient cycling, secondary seed dispersal, soil excavation, and parasite and pest control.
	Study highlights need for increased transparency, precision in estimation of costs associated with biological invasions Numerous studies have analyzed the financial implications associated with the control and impact of invasive alien species. The varied methodologies employed in assessing the monetary costs, the diverse categories of costs reported, and the varying spatial scopes of these evaluations raise questions about the accuracy of the reported financial figures.
	Feeding dogs raw meat increases the risk of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, finds study Feeding dogs raw (uncooked) meat increases their risk of excreting E. coli that cannot be killed by a widely used antibiotic—ciprofloxacin—researchers at the University of Bristol have found from a study of 600 healthy pet dogs.
	Food waste study: 18 billion animals a year die, but never end up on our plate Each year, a staggering 18 billion chickens, turkeys, pigs, sheep, goats, and cows either die or are killed without making it onto someone's plate. Environmental scientists Juliane Klaura, Laura Scherer, and Gerard Breeman were the first to calculate this number on a global scale. "Reducing these numbers would not only prevent unnecessary animal suffering but also contribute to the fight against climate change."
	Study highlights importance of not investigating exon splicing in isolation A study published in the journal Function highlights the importance of not investigating exon splicing in isolation. Exon splicing is the process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are spliced back together.
	Urban agriculture study seeks to alleviate Glasgow's 'food deserts' A fresh approach to urban agriculture could help Glasgow's 'food deserts' flourish into sources of healthy, affordable produce to help reduce inequality, new research suggests.
	Unlocking the secrets of chimerism: Plastid genes and the quest for variegation in the ornamental plant market The global indoor plant market is burgeoning, with projections of reaching $7.27 billion by 2025. Chimeric plants, first noted in the 17th century, have become popular for their distinctive variegated patterns. These patterns are a product of the structure and development of the plant's shoot apical meristem (SAM).
	Examining US golf courses' nutrient use and management tactics Nutrient use on United States golf courses increases management costs and has the potential to influence ecosystems. Therefore, assessing nutrient use and management practices is critical to developing and teaching the best management practices. The objectives of this survey were to measure nutrient use and management practices on United States golf courses in 2021 and to determine if changes occurred since 2006.

Medicine and Health news

	Why does even a small amount of red wine give some people headaches? A red wine may pair nicely with the upcoming Thanksgiving meal. But for some people, drinking red wine even in small amounts causes a headache. Typically, a "red wine headache" can occur within 30 minutes to three hours after drinking as little as a small glass of wine.
	Proof of concept of new material for long lasting relief from dry mouth conditions A novel aqueous lubricant technology designed to help people who suffer from a dry mouth is between four and five times more effective than existing commercially available products, according to laboratory tests.
	Study claims surfing creates $1 trillion wave for global economy by improving mental health New research led by Griffith University on Australia's Gold Coast and Andrés Bello University in Chile, has shown that surfing contributes about US$1 trillion a year to the global economy, by improving the mental health of surfers.
	Researchers develop potential glaucoma treatment strategy to guide stem cells to the retina Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and vision loss, due to the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), cannot currently be reversed with any treatment. Some studies have looked at replacing RGCs through cell transplants, but this process is still in the research and development stage and fraught with limitations that highlight a need for a more precise manner of effectively repopulating these cells in the retina. Now, a multidisciplinary team led by researchers at the Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear has identified a promising new strategy for glaucoma cell replacement therapy.
	Lung cancer cells' 'memories' suggest new strategy for improving treatment A new understanding of lung cancer cells' "memories" suggests a new strategy for improving treatment, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) researchers have found.
	People watch other people shake boxes for science: Here's why When researchers asked hundreds of people to watch other people shake boxes, it took just seconds for almost all of them to figure out what the shaking was for.
	Q&A: Blood tests as an alternative to colonoscopy Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It's also one of the most preventable cancers due to the availability of robust screening tools. Yet nearly 40% of Americans opt out of such screening.
	Neuroscientist finds cluster of dopamine neurons drives eating behaviors A study by Florida State University researchers has revealed new insights into the role our brains play in why we vigorously seek food when we are hungry, knowledge that may enhance understanding of obesity and eating disorders and improve treatments for more than 3.5 billion people worldwide living with these conditions.
	Study finds cerebellar nuclei may be more important for associative learning than initially thought Associative learning was always thought to be regulated by the cortex of the cerebellum, often referred to as the "little brain." However, new research from a collaboration between the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, and Champalimaud Center for the Unknown reveals that the nuclei of the cerebellum actually make a surprising contribution to this learning process.
	Scientists discover new Achilles heel of leukemia cells Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children. Treatment involves intensive chemotherapy, which has severe side effects due to its non-specific mode of action.
	Infection-resistant, 3D-printed metals developed for implants A novel surgical implant developed by Washington State University researchers was able to kill 87% of the bacteria that cause staph infections in laboratory tests, while remaining strong and compatible with surrounding tissue like current implants.
	Nationwide study redefines how food environment impacts cardiometabolic diseases Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is an umbrella term that includes conditions such as obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension. Unfortunately, many adults in the United States have CMDs and the rates are on the rise. Now, researchers are working to understand the factors driving those increases by looking into geographical aspects of the food environment like the types and availability of food retailers nearby.
	New AI tool detects up to 13% more breast cancers than human clinicians can A new AI tool from Kheiron Medical Technologies and Imperial College London can detect up to 13% more breast cancers than humans in breast screenings.
	Miniature colons with immune components aid the study of intestinal diseases A team at the Medical University of South Carolina and Cincinnati Children's has developed a sophisticated model for studying the diseased colon that could lead to the development of personalized treatments for colon-related diseases, such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The researchers report their findings in Cell Stem Cell.
	Newly discovered brain circuit controls an aversion to salty tastes Sodium in the form of table salt helps make French fries a tasty snack and bacon a delicious indulgence, but it is also a vital nutrient for the proper functioning of our bodies, playing a role in the movement of your muscles, the signaling of your neurons, and many other important processes.
	Robust chromatin map explains heterogeneity of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital described the gene regulatory networks contributing to differences between subtypes of the most common childhood cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The work examined chromatin, the packaging that compacts DNA, in a cohort of patient samples six times greater than any previous efforts. The results serve as a valuable resource to better understand why patients' outcomes differ and to ultimately improve treatments. The findings were published today in Cell Genomics.
	Study finds possible early predictor of successful transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for major depression A new study from UCLA Health researchers demonstrates that a novel treatment is effective in most patients with major depressive symptoms even after multiple failed courses of antidepressant medication. The treatment, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), may work even more rapidly than past findings have suggested, starting to alleviate symptoms as quickly as one week.
	Pooling multiple models during COVID-19 pandemic provides more reliable projections about an uncertain future: Study How can anyone decide on the best course of action in a world full of unknowns? There are few better examples of this challenge than the COVID-19 pandemic, when officials fervently compared potential outcomes as they weighed options like whether to implement lockdowns or require masks in schools. The main tools they used to compare these futures were epidemic models.
	Reading a mouse's mind from its face: New tool decodes neural activity using facial movements Mice are always in motion. Even if there's no external motivation for their actions—like a cat lurking a few feet away—mice are constantly sweeping their whiskers back and forth, sniffing around their environment and grooming themselves.
	Gene linked to persistent stuttering into adulthood uncovered A new study led by University of Melbourne researchers has discovered a link between a new gene pathway and structural brain anomalies in some people who stutter into adulthood, opening up promising research avenues to enhance the understanding of persistent developmental stuttering.
	New study is first to find brain hemorrhage cause other than injured blood vessels A first-of-its-kind study led by the University of California, Irvine has revealed a new culprit in the formation of brain hemorrhages that does not involve injury to the blood vessels, as previously believed. Researchers discovered that interactions between aged red blood cells and brain capillaries can lead to cerebral microbleeds, offering deeper insights into how they occur and identifying potential new therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention.
	Urban environmental exposures drive increased breast cancer incidence, finds study A Duke Health analysis of breast cancer in North Carolina has shown that the state's urban counties had higher overall incidences of disease than rural counties, especially at early stages upon diagnosis.
	Research highlights disrupted NAD(H) homeostasis as a potential therapeutic target to combat tuberculosis It has been uncertain how Mycobacterium tuberculosis deflects the immune response in humans, though evidence has pointed to host immunometabolism—the intrinsic link between metabolism in immune cells and their immune function. The pathogen M. tuberculosis is known to disrupt a metabolic pathway called glycolysis in infected myeloid cells, which include macrophages, through an unclear mechanism.
	Why emotions stirred by music create such powerful memories Time flows in a continuous stream—yet our memories are divided into separate episodes, all of which become part of our personal narrative. How emotions shape this memory formation process is a mystery that science has only recently begun to unravel. The latest clue comes from UCLA psychologists, who have discovered that fluctuating emotions elicited by music help form separate and durable memories.
	Creative minds are vulnerable to mental illness—but magicians escape the curse Can you think of a comedian, actor, poet or writer who suffered from mental illness? Maybe the actor Robin Williams or comedian Stephen Fry came to your mind. Perhaps it was the writer Virginia Woolf. All three have had well-documented struggles with bipolar disorder.
	Survey: From inflation to world affairs, stressors pile up for Americans this holiday season The season of comfort and joy is upon us, but a new survey finds that for many Americans, it's the season of stress and worry. A new survey commissioned by The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and College of Medicine finds Americans are feeling the strain from inflation and world affairs this year, in addition to other stressors that often come with the holidays.
	Research reveals alarming rates of suicidal ideation among older transgender adults Transgender adults aged 50 or older in the United States face a significantly elevated risk of contemplating suicide due to the compounding impact of various challenges in different areas of their lives, according to a population-wide study.
	National poll: Parents of young children increasingly turn to social media for parenting advice Potty training, getting kids to sleep and toddler tantrums are just some of the challenges parents of young children face.
	Liver cancer rates increase in each successive generation of Mexican Americans, study finds In the United States, liver cancer rates have more than tripled since 1980. Some groups, including Latinos, face an even higher risk than the general population—but researchers do not fully understand why.
	Viral TikTok raises concerns about a commonly prescribed contraceptive. What you need to know A viral TikTok video by online influencer Morgan Roos has panicked some users of a commonly prescribed injectable contraceptive called Depo-Provera. In the video, Roos said she was shocked to learn the contraceptive she had been using for 10 years was only recommended for a maximum of two years.
	New treatment modality may reduce obesity in schizophrenia patients In individuals with schizophrenia, accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) seems promising for treating obesity, according to a study published online Oct. 31 in Schizophrenia Bulletin.
	First asthma-linked death highlights hazards at marijuana-processing plants A young woman working at a Massachusetts cannabis-processing facility who developed new-onset asthma and later died of a fatal asthma attack is the first such fatality in the burgeoning industry, a new report finds.
	Study identifies familial germline EGFR T790M variant in lung cancer A new familial lung cancer caused by an inherited mutation in EGFR has been described in a study published online Oct. 23 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
	Hidden belly fat in midlife linked to Alzheimer's disease Higher amounts of visceral abdominal fat in midlife are linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease, according to research being presented next week at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). Visceral fat is fat surrounding the internal organs deep in the belly. Researchers found that this hidden abdominal fat is related to changes in the brain up to 15 years before the earliest memory loss symptoms of Alzheimer's disease occur.
	New treatment may restore sense of smell in patients with long COVID Using an image-guided minimally invasive procedure, researchers may be able to restore the sense of smell in patients who have suffered with long-COVID, according to research being presented next week at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).
	The flu is soaring in seven US states and rising in others, health officials say The U.S. flu season is underway, with at least seven states reporting high levels of illnesses and cases rising in other parts of the country, health officials say.
	Salmonella in cantaloupes sickens dozens in 15 states, U.S. health officials say U.S. health officials are warning consumers not to eat certain whole and cut cantaloupes and pre-cut fruit products linked to an outbreak of salmonella poisoning.
	No more Thanksgiving 'food orgy'? New obesity medications change how users think of holiday meals For most of her life, Claudia Stearns dreaded Thanksgiving. As a person who struggled with obesity since childhood, Stearns hated the annual turmoil of obsessing about what she ate—and the guilt of overindulging on a holiday built around food.
	More free COVID-19 tests from the government are available for home delivery through the mail Americans can order more free COVID-19 tests online for home delivery.
	Younger people are more vulnerable to the damaging effects of high blood cholesterol and hypertension, study shows Young people may be more susceptible to the effects of the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis. According to a study carried out at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), younger people are especially vulnerable to the damaging effects of elevated blood cholesterol and hypertension, two of the major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
	Report calls for national cancer plan for the UK The U.K.'s National Health Service (NHS) is currently facing major workforce deficits and cancer services are struggling to recover after the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a report published in The Lancet Oncology.
	CAR-like membrane protein determines all-trans retinoic acid response in colorectal cancer Researchers led by Prof. Bu Pengcheng from the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and their collaborators have revealed that the CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP) is a tumor suppressor and determines all-trans retinoic acid response in colorectal cancer (CRC).
	A potential early esophageal cancer antigen: DDX53 A new research paper has been published in Oncoscience, titled "An immunoinformatics assessment of the cancer testis antigen, DDX53, as a potential early esophageal cancer antigen."
	Ask the pediatrician: COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and breastfeeding A question I commonly get from patients and friends is this: Should I get a COVID vaccine if I'm pregnant or want to become pregnant?
	Weight-loss drugs will be sold as pills, with just as many side effects and cost issues Novo Nordisk A/S and Eli Lilly & Co. are touting pill versions of their blockbuster weight-loss drugs that could come as soon as next year. But if you're expecting something cheaper and with fewer side effects, think again.
	Why it's so tough to reduce unnecessary medical care The U.S. spends huge amounts of money on health care that does little or nothing to help patients, and may even harm them. In Colorado, a new analysis shows that the number of tests and treatments conducted for which the risks and costs exceed the benefits has barely budged despite a decade-long attempt to tamp down on such care.
	The 'doctor of nursing practice' will see you now When Vernon Langford sees patients, he typically wears a white lab coat with his title—"Dr."—and his credentials as a nurse practitioner stitched on the front.
	Food service 'allows physicians to prescribe a healthy diet' For the past five years, Advocate Health Care has provided patients with fresh fruit, vegetables and protein out of its Calumet Heights and Hazel Crest, Illinois, hospitals as part of its Food Farmacy.
	Researchers find high counts of flesh-eating bacteria in gulf waters after Hurricane Ian There are a few reasons to avoid wading in the water after a hurricane—floating debris, backed-up sewage and downed power lines, to name a few.
	Breakthroughs hailed in childhood TB prevention Taking a common antibiotic could more than half the risk of children becoming sick with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), according to findings presented this week at a conference on lung health.
	Revealing the impact of parental tech use on adolescent mental health and behavior A new review titled "Parental technoference and adolescents' mental health and violent behaviour: a scoping review" carried out by Bangor University and Public Health Wales and published in the journal BMC Public Health has shown how parent's use of technology can interfere with the relationship between parents and adolescents and influence adolescents' mental health and behavioral outcomes.
	Five reasons why climate change may see more of us turn to alcohol and other drugs Climate change will affect every aspect of our health and well-being. But its potential harms go beyond the body's ability to handle extreme heat, important as this is.
	How can you define a 'drug'? Nobody really knows, argues researcher What's a medical drug? Ask someone on the street and they're likely to tell you it's the kind of thing you take when you're unwell.
	Study forecasts as many as 1.06 billion people with 'other' musculoskeletal disorders by 2050 A category of musculoskeletal disorders of our joints, muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and spine are on the rise, and a new forecast is as many as 1.06 billion people—up from 464 million—will be living with related disabilities by 2050, placing even greater pressure on stretched health care systems.
	New study sheds light on impact of fluvoxamine on COVID symptoms in certain cases A new research article from Thomas Stewart, an associate professor of data science at the University of Virginia, examining the COVID-19 treatment fluvoxamine has been published in JAMA.
	Thanksgiving sides are delicious and can be nutritious—here's the biochemistry of how to maximize the benefits While people usually think first about the turkey or the ham during holiday meals, the sides are what help balance your plate. Colorful vegetables like green beans, collard greens, roasted carrots, and mashed sweet potatoes are loaded with important micronutrients. But how you prepare them will help determine whether you get the most nutritional value out of each bite this holiday season.
	Heart trouble and traveling over the holidays? Experts offer tips It's not simple traveling if you have heart disease, but a chronic condition needn't keep someone from seeing friends and family during the holidays, the American Heart Association (AHA) says.
	Taking antibiotic after sex could slash your risk for an STI Data showing that the antibiotic doxycycline might prevent a sexually transmitted infection (STI) if taken soon after sex made headlines earlier this year.
	FDA: Cinnamon may be the source of lead in recalled fruit puree products As the investigation into high levels of lead in fruit puree pouches that have now sickened 34 children continues, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has found evidence that cinnamon may be the source.
	Immune health—an immunologist explains why both too strong and too weak an immune response can lead to illness For immune health, some influencers seem to think the Goldilocks philosophy of "just right" is overrated. Why settle for less immunity when you can have more? Many social media posts push supplements and other life hacks that "boost your immune system" to keep you healthy and fend off illness.
	New blood tests for dementia announced, but what can they tell us and who will benefit? A five-year, £5 million initiative has just been launched to investigate the feasibility of using new blood tests in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Research UK and the Alzheimer's Society are working with the National Institute for Health and Care Research to use these blood tests in the NHS.
	Research finds suboptimal follow-up, prevention in geriatric fall-related head trauma Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries in the United States for adults ages 65 and older. With 1 in 4 older adults falling annually, 27,000 deaths, 8 million emergency department (ED) visits, and 800,000 hospitalizations have occurred.
	One ovarian cancer fix: Removing the fallopian tubes The most effective step to battling ovarian cancer may have little to do with ovaries and more to do with surgical removal of the fallopian tubes.
	Study identifies method for improving AI diagnoses of chest X-rays New research from CSIRO, Australia's national science agency, has identified methods for improving artificial intelligence (AI) diagnosis of heart and lung conditions using X-ray.
	Few studies include photos of patients with psoriasis, finds review Very few patients with psoriasis are depicted in scientific articles—only a fraction of those included in the research are represented in images. This is revealed by a study from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, together with researchers from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The lack of images complicates communication with patients, according to the researchers.
	Gambling addiction may increase the risk of long-term sick leave Gambling addiction can increase the risk of long-term sick leave for several years, according to a new study published in Psychological Medicine, titled "The risk and development of work disability among individuals with gambling disorder: a longitudinal case-cohort study in Sweden." Researchers, from Karolinska Institutet, point to the need to detect people with gambling addiction in time to avoid financial and health problems.
	Commotio cordis is real and awareness can save lives, experts say A new case report appearing in Heart Rhythm Case Reports, details the commotio cordis event experienced by a Romanian basketball player that resulted in cardiac arrest. The case is unique because it is validated and documented by an ECG and video evidence of the event. Swift action by onlookers saved his life.
	New Alzheimer's drug shines light on need for assessments to head off 'a tsunami of cognitive afflictions' Two stories dominated Alzheimer's news this year: The FDA's approval of Leqembi, the first drug to slow progression of the disease, and a surprising study showing that mild cognitive impairment is wildly underdiagnosed.
	Study finds high school students no more likely to use marijuana after legalization High schoolers who perceive that their parents, siblings or friends use marijuana were much more likely to use marijuana themselves—but no more so after cannabis was legalized in the commonwealth in 2016, according to University of Massachusetts Amherst research.
	Study reveals bias in AI tools when diagnosing women's health issue Machine learning algorithms designed to diagnose a common infection that affects women showed a diagnostic bias among ethnic groups, University of Florida researchers found.
	Poor work performance among Japanese employees strongly associated with insufficient sleep In Japan, the decline in productivity has become a major social issue as the working-age population is decreasing owing to a lower birthrate and an increase in aging population. Therefore, companies are focusing on "health and productivity management" initiatives to maintain employee health and enhance their work performance. However, lifestyle habits that impact poor work performance of Japanese employees and the manner in which they differ between men and women have not been identified to date.
	Intensive rehabilitation can provide improvements long after stroke event Lower-extremity constraint-induced movement therapy (LE-CIMT), i.e., high-intensity treatment with exercise six hours a day for two weeks, appears to improve the function of the leg and the ability to walk and move in its environment. The improvements are seen even if a long time has passed since the stroke, and the achieved effects were maintained, as shown in a new thesis by Ingela Marklund.
	How home care workers take collective action to disrupt domestic servitude How much power do home care workers have to resist being exploited by their employers? For Asian women working in this occupation in California, the answer is shaped by several factors, including filial obligations, cultural traditions, language barriers, economic status, state employment regulations, labor unions, immigrant organizations and disability rights groups.
	More needs to be done to prevent dependence on pain medication, says UK study Dependence on pain medication is on the rise due to lack of vigilance by medical professionals, according to a new study from the University of Surrey. Patients dependent on pain medication describe feelings of "living in a haze" and being ignored and misunderstood by the medical profession.
	Harnessing AI to help pinpoint cancerous tumors Engineers from the University of Waterloo are harnessing artificial intelligence to help doctors better see and control a non-invasive cancer treatment and, in the process, save lives.
	Investigating the constant performance monitoring that takes place in our brains Psychologist Myrthe Jansen conducted research into the performance monitoring that constantly takes place in our heads. People with obsessive-compulsive symptoms are more afraid to make a mistake that harms others than when they make a mistake that only harms themselves. Jansen received her Ph.D. on 16 November.
	Big-data study explores social factors affecting child health A team led by researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine has used an AI-based approach to uncover underlying patterns among the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, termed social determinants of health (SDoH), and then linked each pattern to children's health outcomes. Compared with traditional approaches, the strategy, in principle, provides a more objective and comprehensive picture of potential social factors that affect child health, which in turn, can enable better targeted interventions.
	Opening the door wider to international medical graduates A new Tennessee law set to go into effect in July 2024 aims to ease the U.S. physician shortage by creating a provisional pathway for International medical graduates. While the law has the potential to ease the physician shortage in underserved areas, potential gaps may lessen its impact. A new Perspective, published in the November 18 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, examines this new law and suggests several changes to ensure that the legislation delivers on improving both access to high-quality care in professional shortage areas and worker protections.
	How a novel model resolves the key pandemic policy debates Were lockdowns an effective response to COVID-19 or would it have been better to limit intervention and let individuals spontaneously reduce their own risk of infection? Three years on from the public health emergency that caught governments across the world off-guard, official inquiries into pandemic policy responses are gathering pace, aiming to provide a definitive answer to this hotly contested question.
	Survey: Over a third of Americans worry about getting the flu, RSV or COVID-19 Over a third of American adults are worried that they or someone in their family will get the seasonal flu, COVID-19, or RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) in the next three months, according to a new health survey from the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) of the University of Pennsylvania.
	C-sections in Mexico increase with obesity level and health care specialization: Study Cesarean section (C-section) procedures have increased dramatically around the world in the recent decades. Overweight and obesity rates, common risk factors for pregnancy outcomes and for C-sections, are also on the rise—creating a major health issue in low- and middle-income countries. Published in The World Bank Economic Review, new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign investigates how high obesity levels lead to hospital specializations that affect the frequency of C-sections in Mexico.
	Study reveals gaps in fracture risk communication and patients' preferences for visual representation A new study has found that although most patients with osteoporosis would like to receive information regarding their fracture risk, only half of them actually receive it. In addition to revealing the significant communication gap between health care professionals and patients in the discussion of osteoporosis fracture risk, the study findings also provide valuable insights into patients' preferred approaches to communication of fracture risk and the consequences of fractures.
	Study calls for better access to talking therapies for autistic people Autistic adults have poorer access to appropriate mental health care despite being more likely to experience anxiety or depression than the general population, finds a new study by UCL researchers.
	Managing holiday travel stress Holiday travel might come with some extra baggage this year: traffic, delays and disruptions. While this is unavoidable, remaining calm will facilitate your chaotic travel days. A Baylor College of Medicine expert provides tips for coping with stress, anxiety and disturbances.
	17 people hospitalized in salmonella outbreak linked to cantaloupes Salmonella-tainted cantaloupe has landed 17 people in the hospital, warns the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Researchers reveal that low-quality studies of autism early interventions dominate the field The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that autism is becoming more common in young children. In an effort to improve the challenges young autistic children face as part of their early development, researchers have focused on developing and evaluating nonpharmaceutical interventions that can be provided in early childhood.
	Research finds correlation between biomarker HSD3B1 and resistance to combined hormone therapy and radiotherapy Men with a particular genetic subtype of the steroid biosynthesis enzyme HSD3B1 may exhibit resistance to combined radiation and hormone therapy for prostate cancer, according to new Cleveland Clinic-led research published in Journal of Clinical Investigation.
	Personalized cancer medicine: Humans make better treatment decisions than AI, says study Treating cancer is becoming increasingly complex, but also offers more and more possibilities. After all, the better a tumor's biology and genetic features are understood, the more treatment approaches there are. To be able to offer patients personalized therapies tailored to their disease, laborious and time-consuming analysis and interpretation of various data is required.
	New machine learning technique found to be 30% better at predicting cancer cure rates With the rapid development in computing power over the past few decades, machine-learning (ML) techniques have become popular in medical settings as a way to predict survival rates and life expectancies among patients diagnosed with diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, and more recently, COVID-19. Such statistical modeling helps patients and caregivers balance treatment that offers the highest chance of a cure while minimizing the consequences of potential side effects.
	Research finds infants and toddlers can engage in imaginary play A study from Monash University has found that infants and toddlers are capable of engaging in imaginary play, correcting previously held academic beliefs that they were unable to, and confirming the profound significance of imaginative play in early childhood education.
	Two new studies point to the promise of gene therapy for high cholesterol Two new gene-editing treatments that target dangerously high levels of cholesterol in people with a genetic predisposition to the condition were found safe and effective in new, groundbreaking research.
	Opioid use after C-section reduced by nearly half with non-invasive pain management device, study finds According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 1 million people deliver their infants by cesarean section (C-section) each year, making it the most common surgical procedure in the United States. After discharge, patients are typically prescribed opioids for pain management, but narcotics come with concern over side effects and the risk of addiction.
	Reducing cyberattacks on Canadian health systems Cyberattacks targeting health information systems can cause considerable damage and stress, but there are ways to reduce the risk of these events, write authors in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
	Pain expert calls on clinicians to stop needle pain for kids One of the world's leading experts in pediatric pain management is calling upon clinicians nationwide to join an "Ouchless Jab Challenge," to eliminate the pain, trauma and anxiety of needle jabs for young children.
	In death, one cancer patient helps to erase millions in medical debt A New York City woman who died Sunday from cancer has raised enough money to erase millions of dollars in medical debt with a posthumous plea for help.
	A cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe is suspected of killing more than 150 and is leaving many terrified These days, Catherine Mangosho locks her 3-year-old grandson in the house for hours on end in an attempt to shield him from a deadly cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe.
	With COVID surging, should I wear a mask? COVID is on the rise again, with a peak likely over the holiday season.
	Why the COVID pandemic hit non-white Americans the hardest Mortality rose across all demographics during first few years of the pandemic, but COVID-19 hit non-white Americans the hardest. According to the U.S. Census Bureau and the National Center for Health Statistics, the largest increase in mortality in 2020 was among the American Indian and Native Alaskan populations, which saw an increase of 36.7%. The increase in mortality was 29.7% among Black Americans and 29.4% among Asian Americans. For comparison, the increase in mortality among white Americans was less than 20%.
	Researchers: Food insecurity in Canada is the worst it's ever been—here's how we can solve it According to the latest Statistics Canada data, household food insecurity in the ten provinces has reached a record high. Drawing on data from StatCan's Canadian Income Survey, our new report has found that the percentage of households with inadequate or insecure access to food due to financial constraints rose to 17.8 percent in 2022 from 15.9 percent in 2021.
	Cervical cancer: NHS pledge to eradicate disease by 2040 can be achieved—here's how The NHS has pledged to eliminate cervical cancer in England by 2040. This will be achieved by amping up current vaccination and screening programs.
	Debunking the top myths about lung cancer screening Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S., claiming more lives than prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer combined. However, it can be a curable disease if detected early through screening, which can often identify cancer before it spreads or causes symptoms.
	Uncertainty around DACA program leads to psychological stress for recipients After former President Donald Trump announced the end of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2017, beneficiaries of it experienced significantly higher levels of distress and post-traumatic stress diagnoses than their non-DACA counterparts, according to a new study from Rice University.
	Q&A: Expert explains RSV prevention for vulnerable populations Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that seriously affects vulnerable populations such as infants, young children and older adults. Dr. Wasem Alsabbagh, associate professor at the University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy, answers frequently asked questions about RSV.
	New thesis on severe COVID-19 and routine biomarker patterns Anna Sjöström at the research group Experimental and Clinical Neuroendocrinology, the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, will defend her thesis "Severe COVID-19 and routine biomarker patterns" on November 24, 2023. Her main supervisor is Charlotte Höybye.
	Report: Family caregivers share common job but diverse experiences It's National Family Caregiver Month, and more than 6 million caregivers in California know the challenges that come with caring for a family member or friend over the age of 18.
	AI outperforms expert plastic surgeon in rhinoplasty consultations In a new study, artificial intelligence in the form of ChatGPT outperformed an expert rhinoplasty surgeon in answering preoperative and postoperative patient questions related to nasal surgery. ChatGPT earned significantly higher ratings in accuracy, completeness, and overall quality, according to the study published in Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine.
	Predicting the molecular functions of regulatory genetic variants associated with cancer A new editorial paper titled "Predicting the molecular functions of regulatory genetic variants associated with cancer" has been published in Oncotarget.

Other Sciences news

	Archaeologists uncover Europe's hidden Bronze Age megastructures Archaeologists from University College Dublin, working with colleagues from Serbia and Slovenia, have uncovered a previously unknown network of massive sites in the heart of Europe that could explain the emergence of the continent's Bronze Age megaforts—the largest prehistoric constructions seen prior to the Iron Age.
	Saturday Citations: Bronze-Age gender representation, gamma rays, nice bonobos in your neighborhood want to meet you This week's news roundup includes a Bronze Age discovery that calls into question existing ideas of gender representation from the period. More research confirms that bonobos are actually nice. Plus: Actual good climate news?
	Best of Last Week—human evolutionary dead ends, AI forecasts weather in seconds, faces that are more real than real It was a good week for human behavior research as a team of evolutionary anthropologists led by a group at Cambridge University found evidence that suggests young children may be psychologically wired to flourish with high levels of "sensitive care" and personal attention, based on studies of hunter-gatherer societies. Also, a team of Earth scientists and economists at Stockholm University's Stockholm Resilience Centre created a map of 14 potential evolutionary dead ends for humanity, including global warming, disease and pollution, and suggested ways to avoid them. And a team of forensic scientists at Cranfield University's Recovery and Identification of Conflict Casualties team working with colleagues from the U.S. Defense Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Accounting Agency, located the remains of a World War II bomber pilot eight decades after he was shot down.
	New research demonstrates more effective method for measuring impact of scientific publications Newly published research reexamines the evaluation of scientific findings, proposing a network-based methodology for contextualizing a publication's impact.
	In five years, this Australian astrophysics lab reached 50% women. Here's how they did it Many organizations, from community sporting groups to the United Nations, have set themselves a target of gender parity: ensuring half of staff or members are women. Gender parity is desirable because training and retaining equal halves of a population's available talent influences an organization's growth, problem-solving capacity and future-readiness.
	Cultural capital is key to a sense of belonging for college students of color College students' sense of belonging is believed to have important and far-reaching implications, contributing to academic achievement and persistence at college as well as offering protective effects against anxiety and depression.
	Researchers: South African university students use AI to help them understand—not to avoid work When ChatGPT was released in November 2022, it sparked many conversations and moral panics. These center on the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on the information environment. People worry that AI chatbots can negatively affect the integrity of creative and academic work, especially since they can produce human-like texts and images.
	Viewpoint: Being homeless means not being free—as Americans are supposed to be Homelessness is a state of deprivation. Those who are homeless need shelter to be safe; they don't have it. They need a toilet for basic bodily functions; they don't have one. They need a shower to keep clean; they don't have that, either.
	Education linked to better employment prospects upon release from prison Better job prospects. Higher wages. A greater chance of staying out of jail. Those are the key outcomes that we discovered for incarcerated people who get an education while serving their time.
	Physiological and archaeological evidence rewrites assumptions about a gendered division of labor in prehistoric times Prehistoric men hunted; prehistoric women gathered. At least this is the standard narrative written by and about men to the exclusion of women.
	Q&A: When it comes to Israel-Hamas war videos, don't always trust what you see Flip through TikTok, Instagram or X (formerly Twitter) each day, and a barrage of grainy, chaotic videos paints a complicated picture of the Israel-Hamas war.
	Almost one in ten Australian men have committed a sexual offense against children, study finds This report contains material that references child abuse. Readers may find the content confronting or disturbing.
	Analysis of cyberstalking research identifies factors associated with perpetration, victimization The widespread use of digital technologies and the Internet has spurred a new type of personal intrusion, known as cyberstalking. Incidences of cyberstalking have risen, with the U.S. Department of Justice estimating that more than 1.3 million people experience this type of victimization annually. A new study has explored research to identify the factors associated with perpetration and victimization in cyberstalking. The study's findings can inform the development of efforts to prevent and address cyberstalking.
	Archaeologists discover long-lost Scottish monastery A team of archaeologists, co-led by a researcher at the University of Southampton, believe they have located the site of the lost Monastery of Deer in Northeast Scotland.
	Study: Consumers, florists differ on floral arrangements Consumer preferences in floral arrangements don't necessarily match the designs that florists are taught to make, according to a new study by researchers at North Carolina State University.
	Record for world's priciest bottle of whisky smashed at London auction A bottle of The Macallan 1926, described by Sotheby's auction house as the "most valuable whisky in the world", on Saturday went under the hammer for a record £2.1 million.
	Armistice Day counter-protests: How UK government rhetoric and police failings could be linked to far-right violence On Armistice Day 2023, a pro-Palestine march was held in London for the fifth time since the beginning of the Israel-Palestine war. As well as demonstrators looking to join the protest, around 2,000 far-right activists and football hooligans descended on London, too. Their goal, as members of the UK far right put it, was to "defend"" the Cenotaph from the pro-Palestine marchers.
	More young people in the UK are living with parents and grandparents: Exploring the benefits and challenges In a recent court case in Pavia, northern Italy, the judge sided with the complainant, a 75-year-old woman, and ordered her adult two sons to move out of her home. The woman's case was a last-ditch attempt to get the men to find what one journalist termed, somewhat elliptically, "more autonomous living arrangements".
	Exploring policies to reduce child poverty and child maltreatment In a recent study, researchers have conducted a scoping review of previous studies to explore the effects of policy changes on child poverty rates. The study conducted an empirical analysis to estimate the relationship between child poverty rates and child maltreatment report (CMR) rates using national county-level data.
	Study investigates why students seek international experience Why do students want to go abroad for a semester or take part in international conferences? A new study by the University of Würzburg has investigated this question and the results offer recommendations for an internationalization strategy. The research is published in Andragoška spoznanja (link to PDF in English).
	Voters reject culture war tactics in school board elections Diversity and inclusion programs, book bans, censorship and debates over school curricula are all signs that America's culture wars have moved into a new combat zone: school boards.

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