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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 23, 2023:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Nanotechnology news
 | Bioinspired self-assembled colloidal collectives of active matter systemsActive matter systems feature unique behaviors that include collective self-assembly structures and collective migration. However, the efforts to realize collective entities in spaces without wall-adhered support, in order to conduct three-dimensional locomotion without dispersion, are challenging. |
Physics news
 | A universal framework describing the scrambling of quantum information in open systemsIn recent years, physicists have been trying to better understand how quantum information spreads in systems of interacting particles—a phenomenon often referred to as "scrambling." Scrambling in closed systems, physical systems that can only exchange energy with degrees of freedom within the system, is a characteristic feature of chaotic many-body quantum dynamics. |
 | Physicists find evidence of exotic charge transport in quantum materialTrue to form, a "strange metal" quantum material proved strangely quiet in recent quantum noise experiments at Rice University. Published this week in Science, the measurements of quantum charge fluctuations known as "shot noise" provide the first direct evidence that electricity seems to flow through strange metals in an unusual liquidlike form that cannot be readily explained in terms of quantized packets of charge known as quasiparticles. |
Earth news
 | Carbon neutrality likely to increase extreme weather events by 2050, finds studyClimate modeling based upon Earth's current greenhouse gas emissions trajectory predicts a worst-case scenario of 4.3°C warming of the planet by 2100 if sufficient measures are not implemented. While the Paris Climate Agreement has been adopted by 195 countries and states, aiming to limit the global temperature increase to 2°C (preferably 1.5°C) above pre-industrial levels by 2100, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported a 1.1°C increase up to 2020. |
 | Sea level rise found to encourage mangrove expansion on Great Barrier Reef islandsA team of environmental scientists at the University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health's School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, working with a colleague from the University of New South Wales, has found that sea level rise is encouraging mangrove expansion on some Great Barrier Reef islands. In their paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes how they used a two-pronged approach to measure plant diversity and number of trees growing on the Howick Islands and what they found. |
 | Separating out signals recorded at the seafloorBlame it on plate tectonics. The deep ocean is never preserved, but instead is lost to time as the seafloor is subducted. Geologists are mostly left with shallower rocks from closer to the shoreline to inform their studies of Earth history. |
 | Particulate pollution from coal associated with double the risk of mortality than PM2.5 from other sourcesExposure to fine particulate air pollutants from coal-fired power plants (coal PM2.5) is associated with a risk of mortality more than double that of exposure to PM2.5 from other sources, according to a new study led by George Mason University, The University of Texas at Austin, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. |
 | Study shows tropical cyclones substantially raise the social cost of carbonExtreme events like tropical cyclones have immediate impacts, but also long-term implications for societies. A new study published in the journal Nature Communications shows that accounting for the long-term impacts of these storms raises the global social cost of carbon by more than 20%, compared to the estimates currently used for policy evaluations. This increase is mainly driven by the projected rise of tropical cyclone damages to the major economies of India, the U.S., China, Taiwan, and Japan under global warming. |
 | Peru lost more than half of its glacier surface in just over half a century, scientists sayPeru has lost more than half of its glacier surface in the last six decades, and 175 glaciers became extinct due to climate change between 2016 and 2020, Peruvian scientists from the state agency that studies glaciers said Wednesday. |
 | Amazon region hit by trio of droughts in grim snapshot of the century to comeThe Amazon is facing an unprecedented drought that is projected to continue affecting the region at least until mid-2024. The lowest water levels in 121 years of river-level records have been recorded in the city of Manaus. Vast areas of the Amazon River's bed have been exposed, and more than 150 dolphins died in a lake where water temperatures reached 39°C (2°C above human body temperature). Human populations along Amazonian rivers have been isolated, stripped of their livelihoods and lack basic necessities. |
 | To save the climate, the oil and gas sector must slash planet-warming operations, report saysThe oil and gas sector, one of the major emitters of planet-warming gases, will need a rapid and substantial overhaul for the world to avoid even worse extreme weather events fueled by human-caused climate change, according to a report released Thursday. |
 | Fossil fuels in the crosshairs at pivotal COP28 talksWorld leaders will face a reckoning over humanity's failure to curb climate-heating emissions and polluting fossil fuels when they meet for UN climate talks next week, as the planet swelters in likely the hottest year in human history. |
Astronomy and Space news
 | Astronomers discover two 'hot Jupiters' orbiting red-giant starsUsing NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), an international team of astronomers has discovered two new "hot Jupiter" exoplanets. The newfound alien worlds, designated TOI-4377 b and TOI-4551 b, both orbit distant red-giant stars. The finding was reported November 8 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. |
 | Telescope Array detects second-highest-energy cosmic ray everIn 1991, the University of Utah Fly's Eye experiment detected the highest-energy cosmic ray ever observed. Later dubbed the Oh-My-God particle, the cosmic ray's energy shocked astrophysicists. Nothing in our galaxy had the power to produce it, and the particle had more energy than was theoretically possible for cosmic rays traveling to Earth from other galaxies. Simply put, the particle should not exist. |
Technology news
 | A new approach to create fast-charging lithium-ion batteries with a graphite-based anodeIn recent years, engineers and material scientists have been trying to create increasingly advanced battery technologies that are charged faster, last longer, and can store more energy. These batteries will ultimately play a crucial role in the advancement of the electronics and energy sector, powering the wide range of portable devices on the market, as well as electric vehicles. |
 | What does Sam Altman's firing—and quick reinstatement—mean for the future of AI?It's been quite a week for ChatGPT-maker OpenAI—and co-founder Sam Altman. |
 | Tesla's Musk says fallout from Sweden strike 'insane'Tesla chief executive Elon Musk broke his silence Thursday on a strike against his company in Sweden, saying it was "insane" that it may block new car deliveries. |
Chemistry news
 | Scientists finally succeed in growing dolomite in the lab by dissolving structural defects during growthFor 200 years, scientists have failed to grow a common mineral in the laboratory under the conditions believed to have formed it naturally. Now, a team of researchers from the University of Michigan and Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan have finally succeeded, thanks to a new theory developed from atomic simulations. |
Biology news
 | Fossil unearthed in Mongolia's Gobi Desert suggests some dinosaurs slept in same position as modern birdsA team of paleontologists and biologists from Hokkaido University, Hokkaido University Museum, North Carolina State University and the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, has uncovered a previously unknown species of dinosaur that appears to have slept in the same position as modern birds. |
 | Study provides fresh insights into antibiotic resistance, fitness landscapesE. coli bacteria may be far more capable of evolving antibiotic resistance than scientists previously thought, according to a new study published in Science on November 24. |
 | AI recognizes the tempo and stages of embryonic developmentAnimal embryos go through a series of characteristic developmental stages on their journey from a fertilized egg cell to a functional organism. This biological process is largely genetically controlled and follows a similar pattern across different animal species. |
 | Study shows plants use air channels to create a directional light signal and regulate phototropismPlants have no visual organs, so how do they know where light comes from? In an original study combining expertise in biology and engineering, the team led by Prof Christian Fankhauser at UNIL, in collaboration with colleagues at EPFL, has uncovered that a light-sensitive plant tissue uses the optical properties of the interface between air and water to generate a light gradient that is "visible" to the plant. These results have been published in the journal Science. |
 | Team takes first-ever photos of the Vangunu giant ratA team of Zaira Rangers, a mammalogist with The University of Melbourne and a college professor with Solomon Islands National University have taken the first and only pictures of the rare Vangunu giant rat. In their project, reported in the journal Ecology and Evolution, the group set up camera traps with tips from locals and studied the images to identify the animals. |
 | Good neighbors: Bonobo study offers clues into early human alliancesHuman society is founded on our ability to cooperate with others beyond our immediate family and social groups. |
 | Dutch retiree helps solve mystery of strangely large bat penisScientists have solved the mystery of one of the animal kingdom's most disproportionately large penises thanks to a Dutch retiree recording bat sex in a church attic. |
 | Tropical forest loss from growing rubber trade is more substantial than previously thought, research findsOver 4 million hectares of tree cover—an area equivalent to the size of Switzerland—may have been cleared to make space for rubber plantations since the 1990s. Out of all the rubber planted, 1 million hectares may have been established in key biodiversity areas—sites that contribute significantly to biodiversity in terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. |
 | Clues to mysterious new sickness affecting dogsA new type of bacterial infection could be the culprit behind a mysterious canine respiratory illness that has been infecting dogs from coast to coast, New Hampshire researchers say. |
 | Study reveals how shipwrecks are providing a refuge for marine lifeAn estimated 50,000 shipwrecks can be found around the UK's coastline and have been acting as a hidden refuge for fish, corals and other marine species in areas still open to destructive bottom towed fishing, a new study has shown. |
 | Northern bees at risk from insecticideJames Cook University scientists say a common tropical bee species is vulnerable to widely-used insecticides—which will decrease their heat tolerance at the same time as the climate is warming. |
Medicine and Health news
 | Increased risk factors but not manifestation of disease correlated to placental inflammationResearch led by McGill University, Canada, suggests that disruptions in Hofbauer cell function with preterm birth or intra-amniotic infection may contribute to traits associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease and depression in offspring, despite not finding a direct correlation in outcomes. |
 | Follow-up study finds supplementing preterm infants with DHA has no effect on neurodevelopmentResearch led by the University of Adelaide, Australia, has found that supplementing infants born at less than 29 weeks gestation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has no impact on behavioral functioning later in life. |
 | WHO asks China for more data on respiratory illnesses outbreakThe World Health Organization has asked China for more data on respiratory illnesses spreading in the north of the country, but Beijing offered no public comment on Thursday. |
 | Study uncovers no compelling evidence that air purifiers prevent respiratory infectionsThe COVID pandemic led to many calls for improved indoor air quality with claims that doing so would reduce the risk of the virus spreading. However, the real-world evidence to support these claims has been lacking, and studies undertaken during the pandemic have not yet been reported. |
 | Health officials warn again about concerning upticks in newborn syphilisRising rates of syphilis and newborn syphilis are not letting up in Pennsylvania, said state and local health officials at a news conference at the Wilkes-Barre Health Department on Monday. |
 | Iron infusion before bowel surgery reduces need for blood transfusionChange in clinical practice would have clear benefits for patients undergoing major bowel surgery, according to analysis conducted by researchers from UCL and the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital. |
 | WHO says misuse of antibiotics undermining efficacyMisuse of antibiotics is denting their efficacy and spawning resistant bacteria which could be responsible for 10 million deaths worldwide by 2050, the World Health Organization warned Thursday. |
 | 20 minutes of exercise can boost your brain after a bad night's sleepNew research has explored how sleep, oxygen levels, and exercise affect our ability to perform mental tasks. |
 | Novo Nordisk spends big in France to expand obesity drug capacityDanish pharmaceutical giant Novo Nordisk on Thursday announced a major investment in a French production site to expand capacity including for a blockbuster anti-obesity drug. |
 | Q&A: Pelvic floor during and after pregnancy: What to expectDear Mayo Clinic: I'm pregnant with my first child, and I've heard a lot about pelvic floor changes during pregnancy and childbirth. I'm a bit worried and curious about what to expect. Can you explain these changes and offer advice on preparing for a healthy pelvic floor after pregnancy? |
 | Retired nurses return to boost flagging UK health sectorBriton Debs Helps retired earlier this year and could have been enjoying a well-deserved rest after a busy nursing career. |
Other Sciences news
 | Higher levels of financial optimism associated with lower levels of cognitive abilityA behavioral economist at the University of Bath in the U.K. has found evidence linking higher levels of unwarranted financial optimism with lower levels of cognitive ability. In his study, published in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Chris Dawson surveyed thousands of people in the U.K. about their economic outlook and compared their responses with their true financial outlook. |
 | Florence Bell died unrecognized for her DNA contributions—decades on, female researchers are still being sidelinedAlmost 80 years ago, Florence Bell quietly laid the foundations for one of the biggest landmarks in 20th century science: the discovery of the structure of DNA. But when she died on November 23 2000, her occupation on her death certificate was recorded as "housewife." |
 | Are rents rising in your neighborhood? Don't blame the baristasBaristas who work in specialty coffee shops, along with hipsters more generally, have been referred to as the "shock troops" of urban gentrification—and it's no different in Philadelphia. These servers of artisanal coffee contribute to economic and demographic changes in neighborhoods in two ways. |
 | Forensic anthropologists work to identify human skeletal remains and uncover the stories of the unknown deadA seasoned deer hunter is shocked when his hound dog trots up with a human femur clenched between its teeth. A woman veers off her normal urban walking path and happens upon a human skull. New property owners commission a land survey that reveals a set of human remains just below a pile of leaves. |
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