Science X Newsletter Fri, Nov 10

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 10, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Carbon nanotube–based MOSFETs doped using a scalable technique

Low-intensity fires reduce wildfire risk by 60%, according to study

Boys choir found to compete sexually for female audiences through more energetic singing

Study of wildfires in the US over 30 years shows number of houses burned has grown substantially

Pioneering automated proteoform imaging

A twist on atomic sheets to create new materials

Using bacteria to make lunar soil more fertile

What exposure to radiation does to glass on the moon over billions of years

Unlocking the secrets of spin with high-harmonic probes

Dangerous bee virus less deadly in at least one US forest, researchers find

A closer look at rebel T cells: MAIT cells

Relieving stress in insulin-producing cells protects against type 1 diabetes

Molecular secrets behind 'zigzag' hair patterns uncovered, offering an avenue for anti-aging solutions

Desert birds lay larger eggs when they have more helpers, research shows

Study identifies countries vulnerable to extensively drug-resistant typhoid

Nanotechnology news

	A twist on atomic sheets to create new materials The way light interacts with naturally occurring materials is well-understood in physics and materials science. But in recent decades, researchers have fabricated metamaterials that interact with light in new ways that go beyond the physical limits imposed on naturally occurring materials.
	Researchers achieve chemically controlled, reversible magnetic phase transition A research team led by Associate Prof. Li Xingxing and Prof. Yang Jinlong from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has developed a groundbreaking chemical method for two-dimensional metal-organic lattices.

Physics news

	Unlocking the secrets of spin with high-harmonic probes Deep within every piece of magnetic material, electrons dance to the invisible tune of quantum mechanics. Their spins, akin to tiny atomic tops, dictate the magnetic behavior of the material they inhabit. This microscopic ballet is the cornerstone of magnetic phenomena, and it's these spins that a team of JILA researchers—headed by JILA Fellows and University of Colorado Boulder professors Margaret Murnane and Henry Kapteyn—has learned to control with remarkable precision, potentially redefining the future of electronics and data storage.
	Is anything absolute with relativity? The theory of relativity is at once simple and elegant but also maddeningly nonintuitive. There's no need to get into the full guts and glory of that theory here, but there is one feature of Einstein's work that takes center stage, and would eventually lead him into a complete reshaping of Newton's gravity, altering our very conceptions of the fabric of the universe.
	How Einstein's daydream of light created relativity Einstein's fascination with light, considered quirky at the time, would lead him down the path to a brand new theory of physics.
	Preparation of F-passivated ZnO for quantum dot photovoltaics For photovoltaic power generation, pn junction is the core unit. The electric field in the junction can separate and transport the electron and the hole to negative and positive electrodes, respectively. Once the pn junction is connected with a load and exposed to a light ray, it can convert photon power into electrical power and deliver this power to the load. This photovoltaic application has long been used as the power supply for satellites and space vehicles, and also as the power supply for renewable green energy.

Earth news

	Low-intensity fires reduce wildfire risk by 60%, according to study There is no longer any question of how to prevent high-intensity, often catastrophic, wildfires that have become increasingly frequent across the Western U.S., according to a new study by researchers at Stanford and Columbia universities.
	Study of wildfires in the US over 30 years shows number of houses burned has grown substantially A team of forestry management researchers at the University of Wisconsin, working with a colleague from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and another from the U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, has found that the number of houses burned by wildfires in the U.S. over the past 30 years has grown substantially.
	Designing cities for 21st-century weather Weather extremes, such as heat waves and torrential rainfalls, are becoming more frequent and more intense across the United States under climate change.
	Study concludes ocean acidification in the Mediterranean is already affecting the calcification of marine plankton The acidification of the oceans caused by human activity is already altering the production of marine plankton shells in the Mediterranean Sea. This is the worrying conclusion of a study led by the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), which raises concerns about the impact the decrease in pH of the surface ocean has on the production of calcium carbonate by marine plankton and its negative consequences for marine ecosystems.
	Deforestation in Brazilian Amazon down 22% in a year Brazilian Amazon deforestation fell 22.3 percent in the year through July, hitting a five-year low, officials said Thursday, as President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's government fights to curb destruction of the world's biggest rainforest.
	Adding oxygen to a lake to explore methane emissions Lakes around the world emit methane to the atmosphere, accounting for up to 19% of total global emissions of this potent greenhouse gas. Most of the methane in lakes comes from microbes in the lake bed that consume dissolved organic matter for sustenance and release methane as a waste product. This process typically occurs in low-oxygen conditions; in environments with more oxygen, microbial metabolic processes that do not produce methane tend to dominate.
	Scientists find hundreds of toxic chemicals in recycled plastics When scientists examined pellets from recycled plastic collected in 13 countries they found hundreds of toxic chemicals, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals. The results are published in a study led by scientists at the University of Gothenburg.
	COP28: A year after climate change funding breakthrough, poor countries eye disappointment at Dubai summit At the COP27 summit in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, an agreement to establish a loss and damage fund was hailed as a major breakthrough on one of the trickiest topics in the UN climate change negotiations. In an otherwise frustrating conference, this decision in November 2022 acknowledged the help that poorer and low-emitting countries in particular need to deal with the consequences of climate change—and, tentatively, who ought to pay.
	UN's 'global stocktake' on climate is offering a sober emissions reckoning—but there are also signs of progress When this year's United Nations Climate Change Conference begins in late November 2023, it will be a moment for course correction. Seven years ago, nearly every country worldwide signed onto the Paris climate agreement. They agreed to goals of limiting global warming—including key targets to be met by 2030, seven years from now.
	Climate predictions require increasingly accurate information on atmospheric particles While knowledge of the mechanisms and dynamics of the growth of atmospheric nanoparticles has increased enormously in the 21st century, extensive models predicting climate change do not yet consider with enough accuracy the effect of nanoparticles on cloud formation and, consequently, Earth's radiative balance.
	Q&A: How can cities fight climate change and still stay within legal guardrails? Many U.S. cities are leading the way in cutting emissions of greenhouse gases, with mandates on more efficient buildings, renewable energy and expansion of mass transit. But often these efforts face hurdles in the form of state and federal laws that were not designed with climate action in mind.
	Battle looms over renewed plastic treaty negotiations Representatives from 175 nations meet in Nairobi from Monday to negotiate for the first time what concrete measures should be included in a binding global treaty to end plastic pollution.
	Australia offers Tuvalu citizens climate refuge Citizens of climate-threatened Tuvalu will have the right to live in Australia under a landmark pact unveiled Friday—an offer of refuge as their Pacific homeland is lost beneath the seas.
	Building coal-fired power plants 'irresponsible': US climate envoy Building and funding coal power plants is "irresponsible," US climate envoy John Kerry said Friday, calling "greed" the biggest impediment to climate action.
	The unsafe Safeguard Mechanism: How carbon credits could blow up Australia's main climate policy A time bomb is ticking inside the Albanese government's climate policy. When it explodes, Australia will fall short of its climate targets and leave a gaggle of investors shirtless.
	Oil companies attending climate talks have minimal green energy transition plans, AP analysis finds In 2022, Brazilian oil and gas company Petrobras had 68 places staked out for oil exploration off the South American coast, searching for new reserves while spending $6.9 billion in oil development projects. About the same time, Algeria-based Sonatrach proclaimed its ambition to ramp up production to become a top five national oil company by 2030. And Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. opened 68 new gas stations in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, noting in its 2022 annual report that there were now more than 500 across the UAE.
	Alaska judge sides with company on new $7.5 billion oil project A federal judge upheld the Biden administration's approval of ConocoPhillips' 600-million-barrel Willow oil development in Alaska, a blow to environmentalists who argued it would imperil wildlife and exacerbate climate change.

Astronomy and Space news

	SpaceX shuttles science, holiday treats to astronauts Space Coast launch SpaceX launched another rocket from Florida's Space Coast on Thursday night sending thousands of pounds of cargo to the International Space Station while also bringing back a booster that sent a sonic boom across Central Florida.
	Blue Origin's new crane at Port Canaveral: Another piece to future launch puzzle Blue Origin has staked out its space at Port Canaveral, right next to SpaceX, with a tower crane for eventual rocket booster recovery operations. Now the company just needs to launch one to put it to work.
	Earth has many objects in orbit but definitely only one moon, despite what some people think Big Brother has always chosen its contestants for entertainment value rather than for intellectual debate. This was recently highlighted in a discussion started on the program by dental therapist Chantelle, who suggested there must be more than one moon in the sky because it changes size and can be seen around the world.
	Will Saturn's rings really 'disappear' by 2025? An astronomer explains If you can get your hands on a telescope, there are few sights more spectacular than the magnificent ringed planet—Saturn.
	Astronomers find dozens of massive stars fleeing the Milky Way The Milky Way can't hold onto all of its stars. Some of them get ejected into intergalactic space and spend their lives on an uncertain journey. A team of astronomers took a closer look at the most massive of these runaway stars to see what they could find out how they get ejected.
	Some of the moon's craters are from interstellar impacts. Can we tell which? By discovering two interstellar objects (ISOs), we know that asteroids and comets from other star systems pass through the solar system from time to time. By inference, some of these must have crashed into the moon, creating impact craters. If we could study the impact sites, we might be able to learn about the star systems that they came from.
	One step closer to unveiling dark matter with ARRAKIHS The ARRAKIHS consortium, for which EPFL has the science lead, has just successfully passed the mission definition review of the project, a very important first milestone towards full completion of the mission preparation. ARRAKIHS is a satellite selected by ESA to address the nature of dark matter, to be launched in 2030.
	A close-up, on-the-ground view of Europe's next-generation satellites On Nov. 10, journalists were given an up-close view of two very special spacecraft that will soon empower weather services in Europe with more and higher quality data for weather forecasting.
	Hera asteroid mission completes acoustic testing ESA's Hera asteroid mission has completed acoustic testing, confirming the spacecraft can withstand the sound of its own lift-off into orbit. Testing took place within the Agency's Large European Acoustic Facility at the ESTEC Test Center in the Netherlands. This is Europe's largest and most powerful sound system, fitted with a quartet of noise horns that can generate more than 154 decibels of extreme noise.
	NASA's Mars fleet will still conduct science while lying low NASA will hold off sending commands to its Mars fleet for two weeks, from Nov. 11 to 25, while Earth and the Red Planet are on opposite sides of the sun. Called Mars solar conjunction, this phenomenon happens every two years. The missions pause because hot, ionized gas expelled from the sun's corona could potentially corrupt radio signals sent from Earth to NASA's Mars spacecraft, leading to unexpected behaviors.
	Astronaut Frank Borman, commander of the first Apollo mission to the moon, has died at age 95 Astronaut Frank Borman, who commanded Apollo 8's historic Christmas 1968 flight that circled the moon 10 times and paved the way for the lunar landing the next year, has died. He was 95.
	Image: Autumn in Japan This image, from the Copernicus Sentinel-3 mission on 1 November 2023, captures the colors of autumn over the Japanese archipelago.
	Experiments launching aboard SpaceX-29 will help humans go farther and stay longer in space The SpaceX-29 commercial resupply spacecraft will deliver numerous physical sciences and space biology experiments, along with other cargo, to the International Space Station. The research aboard this resupply services mission will help researchers learn how humans, and the plants needed to sustain them, can thrive in deep space.

Technology news

	Carbon nanotube–based MOSFETs doped using a scalable technique In recent years, electronics engineers have been trying to identify materials that could help to shrink the size of transistors without compromising their performance and energy efficiency. Low-dimensional semiconductors, solid-state superconducting materials with fewer than three spatial dimensions, could help to achieve this.
	New cooling ceramic can enhance energy efficiency for the construction sector and help combat global warming A significant breakthrough in developing a passive radiative cooling (PRC) material has been announced by researchers at City University of Hong Kong (CityU). The findings have been published in the journal Science in a paper titled "Hierarchically structured passive radiative cooling ceramic with high solar reflectivity."
	Blockchain: A game changer for the insurance industry and people's well-being Blockchain, a disruptive technology of our time, holds the potential to change our lives for the better. The insurance sector is a prime illustration.
	Stable and efficient robotic artificial muscles built upon new material combinations Actuators, which convert electrical energy into motion or force, play a pivotal role in daily life, albeit often going unnoticed. Soft material-based actuators, in particular, have gained scientific attention in recent years due to their lightweight, quiet operation, and biodegradability. A straightforward approach to creating soft actuators involves employing multi-material structures, such as "pockets" made of flexible plastic films filled with oils and coated with conductive plastics.
	Scientists propose parallel planar heterojunction strategy for efficient solar cells Recently, a research team has put forward an intriguing approach to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. Their focus on the potential antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) as a photovoltaic absorber has led to a parallel planar heterojunction (PPHJ) strategy for the preparation of highly efficient solar cells.
	Establishing an electromagnetic wave measurement standard for 6G The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS, President Hyun-min Park) has developed an electromagnetic wave measurement standard for a candidate frequency band of 6G.
	The experiences of older drivers can help design cleaner and safer cars The current pace of technological change in automobile technology rivals the period about a century ago when cars were moving from the exotic fringes of transportation into the lives of ordinary people.
	Effective communication found to boost sales of solar power systems Promoting green technologies such as solar panels is essential to foster the use of clean energy. However, the high upfront costs often discourage private households from installing these systems.
	German AI startup, hope of Europe, cites 'existential danger' Europe's hope to rival OpenAI, Aleph Alpha, may have just raised close to 500 million euros ($534 million) from investors this week, but its co-founder said Friday the start-up was in a battle to even survive.
	Cyberattack shuts down Washington transportation website, bringing confusion, disruptions Key parts of the Washington State Department of Transportation's website have been down since Tuesday following what officials described Thursday as a cyber security incident aimed at disrupting the flow of travel information posted online.
	Developing a low-carbon cement with a significantly lower embodied CO2 content than traditional cement ETH researchers are developing a low-carbon cement with a significantly lower embodied CO2 content than traditional cement. The Ultra Green Concrete project aims to make low-carbon, high-performance concrete widely accessible.
	Study found consumers are more prepared for automated vehicle delivery than drones or robots With Amazon aiming to make 10,000 deliveries with drones in Europe this year and Walmart planning to expand its drone delivery services to an additional 60,000 homes this year in the states, companies are investing more research and development funding into drone delivery, But are consumers ready to accept this change as the new normal?
	Ransomware attack on China's biggest bank disrupts Treasury market trades The U.S. Treasury says it is aware of a cybersecurity attack at China's biggest bank that reportedly disrupted trading in the U.S. Treasury market and is in contact with financial regulators.
	Apple to pay $25 million to settle allegations of discriminatory hiring practices in 2018, 2019 Apple has agreed to pay $25 million to settle allegations that it engaged in a pattern of discriminatory hiring practices when filling some of its jobs during 2018 and 2019.
	Samsung to add real-time translation to smartphone model Samsung Electronics will roll out a real-time call translation service using AI technology next year, the firm told AFP Friday, claiming it would make conversing across languages as easy as "turning on closed captions".
	The South African tourism sector will need to go green to deal with the country's electricity crisis, researchers say For the past 16 years South Africans have dreaded rolling power cuts euphemistically dubbed "loadshedding." These are caused by the ailing state power entity Eskom's crumbling infrastructure and its over-reliance on aging and poorly maintained coal-fired power stations. Loadshedding has worsened in 2023, with some areas experiencing power cuts for up to 10 hours a day.
	California hospital hit by cybersecurity attack Tri-City Medical Center in Oceanside, California, is diverting ambulance traffic to other hospitals Thursday as it copes with a cybersecurity attack that has forced it to declare "an internal disaster" as workers scramble to contain the damage and protect patient records.
	Mind the gap: Travel apps need human help to bridge digital divide When Inez Rastovac, who works for the Dutch municipality of Tilburg, asked 30 women of migrant background in 2021 about gaps in technologies for using local transport, she wasn't expecting them to request cycling lessons.

Chemistry news

	What exposure to radiation does to glass on the moon over billions of years A team of materials scientists at Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, working with colleagues from the China Academy of Space Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, all in China, has found that billions of years of exposure to radiation has made glass on the moon harder.
	In search of active substances against stress-related diseases Depression, obesity or chronic pain—all of these disorders can be triggered or promoted by stress. In two publications, researchers at TU Darmstadt show new ways of treating stress-related diseases.
	A reliable experimental benchmark in crystal structure prediction of pharmaceutical drugs Physical properties (stability, solubility, etc.), critical to the performance of pharmaceutical and functional materials, are known to strongly depend on the solid-state form and environmental factors, such as temperature and relative humidity. Recognizing that late appearing, more stable forms can lead to disappearing polymorphs and potentially market withdrawal of a life-saving medicine, the pharmaceutical industry has heavily invested in solid form screening platforms.

Biology news

	Pioneering automated proteoform imaging Investigators led by Neil Kelleher, Ph.D., professor of Medicine in the Division of Hematology and Oncology and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, have developed an automated technique for imaging and identifying proteoforms in ovarian cancer tissue, according to results published in Nature Communications.
	Using bacteria to make lunar soil more fertile A team of agronomists and biotechnicians at China Agricultural University has found that adding bacteria to simulated lunar regolith increased the amount of phosphate in the soil for use by plants. In their study, published in the journal Communications Biology, the group added three types of bacteria to samples of volcanic material and then tested them for acidity and their ability to grow plants.
	Dangerous bee virus less deadly in at least one US forest, researchers find This year's cold and flu season is bringing good news for honey bees. Penn State researchers have found that the deadly deformed wing virus (DMV) may have evolved to be less deadly in at least one U.S. forest. The findings could have implications for preventing or treating the virus in managed colonies, researchers said.
	Molecular secrets behind 'zigzag' hair patterns uncovered, offering an avenue for anti-aging solutions RIKEN researchers have discovered how biological rhythms influence hair growth in mice. This finding could pave the way for novel anti-aging treatments in humans.
	Desert birds lay larger eggs when they have more helpers, research shows White-browed sparrow weavers live in family groups in which only a dominant pair breeds and their grown-up offspring, particularly females, help to feed nestlings.
	How underground fungi shape forests A large study involving 43 research plots in the Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) Network—including a swath of trees at Tyson Research Center, the environmental field station of Washington University in St. Louis—has helped clarify the power of underground fungi to shape forests.
	For 20,000 years, polar bears have been retreating due to rising sea temperatures: Study The fact that polar bears in Greenland are under threat is not a recent development. They have increasingly come to symbolize the challenges posed by melting polar ice and the broader climate crisis in recent years. Nevertheless, a new study highlights that this trend has deep historical roots, with polar bear numbers in Greenland diminishing over a period of 20,000 years.
	Scientists invent new method to regenerate muscle tissue    People who have experienced significant muscle damage have new hope thanks to Evolved.Bio, a startup that has developed innovative technology that can regenerate muscle tissue in a highly effective way.
	Found at last: Bizarre, egg-laying mammal finally rediscovered after 60 years More than 60 years after it was last recorded, an expedition team has rediscovered an iconic, egg-laying mammal in one of the most unexplored regions of the world. Attenborough's long-beaked echidna, named after famed broadcaster Sir David Attenborough, was captured for the first time in photos and video footage using remote trail cameras set up in the Cyclops Mountains of Indonesia's Papua Province.
	The mystery of phosphite: A scientific detective story leads to discovery of new type of bacterial metabolism Konstanz biologists have discovered a phosphorus-based bacterial metabolism that is both new and ancient. The story of its discovery features a calculation from the 1980s, a sewage plant, a new bacterial organism, and a remnant from around 2.5 billion years ago.
	Exploring how yeast cells can produce drugs for the treatment of psychotic disorders Production of biological substances for medicine using genetically engineered yeast cells shows new promising results in basic research from an international team of researchers. In 2022, the researchers attracted international attention by programming the longest-ever biosynthetic pathway—or 'assembly line'—into a microbial cell factory and designing it to produce biological substances for cancer drugs.
	New work sheds light on inner working of cells CÚRAM researchers at University of Galway, together with colleagues at the Centre for Molecular Nanometrology at University of Strathclyde have published work unveiling the inner workings of cells.
	Yucatán's underwater caves host diverse microbial communities With help from an experienced underwater cave-diving team, Northwestern University researchers have constructed the most complete map to date of the microbial communities living in the submerged labyrinths beneath Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula.
	In a pickle: Baltic herring threatened by warming sea Even aged 84, Holger Sjogren nimbly untangles the knots in his herring net as it was lowered into the murky depths of the Baltic Sea.
	Elusive Attenborough echidna rediscovered in Indonesia An elusive echidna feared extinct after disappearing for six decades has been rediscovered in a remote part of Indonesia, on an expedition that also found a new kind of tree-dwelling shrimp.
	Why are dead and dying seabirds washing up on Australian beaches in hundreds? In October and November, horrified beachgoers often find dead and dying muttonbirds washing up in an event called a seabird "wreck."
	Improved algorithm enhances precision of pressure sensors for wild bird tracking Researchers from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have proposed an improved algorithm called Dynamic Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (DQPSO) to improve the accuracy and reliability of pressure sensors used in tracking and monitoring wild migratory birds. This algorithm optimizes the performance of a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network, specifically designed for temperature compensation.
	Divergent mechanisms of reduced growth performance in Betula ermanii saplings from high-altitude and low-latitude range Plant species are distributed in their preferred climatic zones, and plants growing at the edge of their natural distribution range often exhibit poor growth when relocated to a different environment. This phenomenon has been attributed to two factors: 1) the environment at the edge of the distribution is extreme for the species, causing them to lose their adaptive ability in a different environment, and 2) the small size and isolation of the population make them susceptible to inbreeding and genetic drift. However, the specific mechanisms by which these two factors cause reduced growth have not been well understood.
	China's animal lovers fight illegal cat meat trade When Han Jiali's beloved cat Dabai was taken from her Shanghai home last year, she embarked on a hunt for her pet that took her deep into the bowels of China's underground feline meat trade.
	Domestic sheep will no longer graze swath of Colorado land to protect bighorns from 'pernicious' disease Ernie Etchart's family has raised sheep in the San Juan mountains for more than 70 years, taking the herd of thousands every summer to the green, open meadows of the high country to graze.
	The governance gap: Balancing innovation and ecological responsibility in a world at risk "The world isn't doing terribly well in averting global ecological collapse," says Dr. Florian Rabitz, a chief researcher at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania, the author of a new monograph, "Transformative Novel Technologies and Global Environmental Governance," recently published by Cambridge University Press.

Medicine and Health news

	A closer look at rebel T cells: MAIT cells Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) are investigating a talented type of T cell.
	Relieving stress in insulin-producing cells protects against type 1 diabetes Removing a gene that manages stress within insulin-producing beta cells draws helpful attention from the immune system, protecting mice predisposed to type 1 diabetes from developing the disease, a new University of Wisconsin–Madison study shows.
	Study identifies countries vulnerable to extensively drug-resistant typhoid Using air travel records and data on where local conditions make transmission more likely, Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) researchers have identified countries where outbreaks of an extensively drug-resistant form of typhoid fever are most likely to occur. The research, published in Nature Communications, could help prevent and control additional outbreaks.
	Liver cells age differently depending on where they are in the organ, study shows Looking around us, we can see that people age at different rates. But what about inside? Do all cells age in the same way? And does the location of a cell in the organ make a difference to the aging process?
	Where and how you sit matters when getting blood pressure taken at the doctor's office Millions of people with normal blood pressure may be misclassified as having blood pressure that is too high because of improper positioning when measurements are taken, new research suggests.
	New tumor marker can detect gastric cancer with nearly 90% accuracy A research team led by the Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine has discovered that the stromal cell-derived factor 4 (SDF-4) protein is a reliable cancer marker. As simple blood tests accurately detect the protein, their findings suggest the potential of the marker in the early detection of gastric cancer.
	Deciphering the secrets of spinal cord regeneration protein by protein In mammals, including humans, scar tissue forms after injury to the spinal cord as part of the healing process. In mammals, however, this has a serious drawback: the scar tissue cannot be penetrated by regrowing nerves. As a result, severed nerves cannot regenerate. In the case of spinal cord injury, this leads to permanent paralysis.
	New approach to pancreatic cancer treatment expands therapeutic possibilities, shows promise for increased survival Preclinical research published in the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer points to a promising new treatment option for people with pancreatic cancer. Researchers from VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center and the VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) suggest that when used in a form that can be delivered directly into the tumor cell, polyinosine–polycytidylic acid (pIC) suppresses tumor growth, induces cancer cell death and enhances survival in animal models with the most common form of pancreatic cancer.
	Cardiologists reveal new heart disease risk calculator A new calculator estimates a person's risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the next 30 years by combining measures of cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic health for the first time, according to a new American Heart Association Scientific Statement published today in Circulation.
	Lack of friend or family visits is associated with increased risk of dying Never being visited by friends or family is associated with an increased risk of dying, according to a study published in BMC Medicine. The authors suggest that their findings could be used to help identify patients at a higher risk of dying due to social factors, and to develop more effective interventions to combat the increased risk of death associated with social isolation.
	Study: Any activity is better for your heart than sitting—even sleeping A new study, published in the European Heart Journal, is the first to assess how different movement patterns throughout the 24-hour day are linked to heart health. It is the first evidence to emerge from the international Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep (ProPASS) consortium.
	Having more diverse gut bacteria can protect against diarrheal disease, study finds The severity of a diarrheal disease could be down to the bacteria in your gut, according to new research from the University of East Anglia.
	Professor says aid agencies are failing breast cancer patients in war zones Patients with breast cancer in conflict zones around the world are being "massively underserved" by governments, UN aid agencies and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Professor Richard Sullivan has told the Advanced Breast Cancer Seventh International Consensus Conference (ABC 7).
	Is the US reporting system for vaccine safety broken? A US reporting system designed to detect potential safety issues with vaccines is supposed to be user-friendly, responsive, and transparent. But an investigation published by The BMJ today finds it's not meeting its own standards.
	WHO updates its guidance on treatments for COVID-19 A panel of international experts representing the World Health Organization's Guideline Development Group has updated its guidance on treatments for patients with COVID-19.
	Clinical trial generates promising results for obinutuzumab in patients with lupus nephritis In a post hoc analysis of the Phase II NOBILITY trial, researchers found that treatment with obinutuzumab—an antibody that targets a protein expressed on certain immune cells—was superior to placebo for preserving kidney function and preventing flares in patients with lupus nephritis, a kidney condition associated with the autoimmune disease lupus.
	Therapy resistance in multiple myeloma: Molecular analyses of individual cancer cells reveal new mechanisms All cancer cells—even those within the same tumor—differ from each other and change over the course of a cancer disease. Scientists at Heidelberg University Hospital, the Medical Faculty in Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center discovered molecular changes in multiple myeloma that help individual cancer cells to survive therapy. The study was published in the journal Blood.
	Scientists identify crucial role of protein neuregulin-1 in heart development In a study published in the journal Circulation Research, researchers at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) led by Dr. José Luis de la Pompa reveal the essential role of the protein neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) in the intricate transformation of the heart from its delicate primordial structure into a powerful pumping organ.
	How autistic parents feel about breastfeeding and the support they receive Surprisingly little is still known about autism and breastfeeding. A few years ago, we reviewed all of the research evidence and found limited information about the experiences of autistic parents—beyond highlighting that the sensory differences when breastfeeding could be very challenging for them. We also found that communication by health professionals didn't always meet the needs of autistic parents.
	Majority of workers at America's nursing homes unvaccinated against flu, COVID Health care workers at America's nursing homes are woefully under-vaccinated for both flu and COVID-19, threatening their own health and that of the frail elderly patients under their care, a new report finds.
	Earlier onset of atrial fibrillation linked to risk of developing all-cause dementia Earlier onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of developing all-cause dementia, vascular dementia (VD), and Alzheimer disease (AD), according to a study published online Nov. 8 in JAMA Network Open.
	Babies are contracting salmonella after handling pet food, FDA warns Two federal health agencies are investigating a salmonella outbreak linked to dog food that has sickened seven people in seven states, nearly all of them infants.
	How much vision loss impairs your driving? New study has answers A Mr. Magoo with thick glasses peering out from behind the wheel might not inspire confidence from his fellow motorists, but a new study shows other types of vision loss might be even more dangerous while driving.
	Researchers reveal sex-dimorphic functions of intestinal MCT1 in regulating metabolic homeostasis A team of researchers led by Prof. Chen Yan from Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has revealed, for the first time, that intestinal monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) can regulate glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism in a sex-dimorphic pattern. The study was published online in Life Metabolism.
	New landscape map highlights Michigan counties affected hardest by opioid epidemic A new landscape map and analysis created by the University of Michigan show demographic information with a connection to opioid use disorder, examining data such as unemployment rates, annual income, opioid-related hospitalizations, and physical and mental health and well-being.
	High-precision superimposition of X-ray fluoroscopic images and 3D CT data X-ray fluoroscopy is frequently used in orthopedic surgery. Despite its imaging capabilities, physicians heavily rely on their experience and knowledge to align the 3D shape of the target area using the 2D X-ray image. If X-ray images captured during surgery could be superimposed onto a pre-surgical 3D model (CT model) obtained from a CT scan, it would alleviate the cognitive load associated with visualizing the 3D shape from the 2D image, enabling surgeons to focus more on the surgical procedure.
	Physical fitness since childhood associated with cerebellar volume in adolescence: Study Physical fitness since childhood is associated with cerebellar gray matter volume in adolescents. According to a recent study conducted at the University of Jyväskylä and the University of Eastern Finland, those who were stronger, faster and more agile, in other words, had better neuromuscular fitness since childhood, had larger Crus I gray matter volume in adolescence. The study was published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports.
	Clinical trial targets fetal heart disorder detection in pregnant women Some individuals with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies (anti–Sjögren's-syndrome–related antigen A autoantibodies, also called anti-Ro antibodies) have autoimmune diseases such as lupus or Sjögren's syndrome, but many have no symptoms.
	Report shows most deaf people with cochlear implants satisfied, but more follow-up supports needed A global survey put out by York University's Faculty of Education and the Cochlear Implant International Community of Action (CIICA), a user advocacy organization, shows that most deaf and deafened adults who have cochlear implants are satisfied with them, but significantly more follow-up and lifelong supports are needed.
	New doctors should pass a prescribing skills test before they qualify to improve safety for patients, says study The UK Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) is a medical exam with strong stakeholder support and is associated with increased confidence in prescribing and decreased reporting of medication-related patient harm. The PSA is a joint initiative by the British Pharmacological Society (BPS) and Medical Schools Council (MSC) created to address findings in the first decade of this century that prescribing errors were common among junior doctors.
	New research offers hope for reduced muscle wastage in cancer patients Researchers from Trinity, in collaboration with Artelo Biosciences, have made a breakthrough in cancer cachexia. Their work shows that the drug ART27.13 protects against the muscle degeneration associated with colon and lung cancers (cachexia) and believe it may also positively impact life expectancy.
	Racial, ethnic disparities in long-term care remain among older adults despite passage of Affordable Care Act: Study Despite the raft of health care changes that occurred after the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law in 2010, racial and ethnic disparities in aging needs among older adults persist today, a new study shows.
	Lab builds mock MRI machine to prep kids for studies When researchers in Dalhousie's NeuroCognitive Imaging Lab (NCIL) designed a huge, two-year reading comprehension study involving approximately 100 children from grades two and three, they faced a major challenge. They had to decipher the intricacies of neuroplasticity—how the brain rewires itself to do new things—during the formative stages of reading while simultaneously shepherding children through the intimidating world of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans.
	Telemedicine treatment for HCV in people with opioid use disorder more than twice as successful as offsite referral Telemedicine is widely perceived as an important tool for potentially improving health care access for the underserved. However, few randomized controlled trials have been conducted to determine its effectiveness in treating these populations.
	New report reveals autistic adults' social media experiences Research led by Queen Mary's Professor Nelya Koteyko has been published in a new report, "Autistic adults' experiences with social media: Creativity, Connectedness, and Control." The report reveals how autistic users navigate and interact with diverse social media features, unraveling the complex relationship between linguistic and digital practices, individuality, and connectedness.
	Research suggests prenatal exposure to cannabis increases diabetes risk in offspring Cannabis consumption is prevalent among pregnant women in North America, particularly those between the ages of 18 and 24 years, previous research has shown. They report using it for various reasons, including alleviating nausea, body aches and anxiety related to pregnancy.
	Antibodies to cow's milk linked to increased risk of cardiovascular death Sensitivity to common food allergens such as cow's milk and peanuts could be an important and previously unappreciated cause of heart disease, new research suggests—and the increased risk for cardiovascular death includes people without obvious food allergies.
	Using cardiac MRI to investigate cause of cardiomyopathy in coronary artery disease Researchers from the University of Minnesota Medical School examining the cause of cardiomyopathy discovered one out of every six patients with coronary artery disease had non-ischemic or dual cardiomyopathy.
	Adolescent and young adult sex workers more likely to experience muscle dysmorphia, find study Using data from over 900 participants in a large, diverse, and national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors, a new study published in the journal Sexual Health has found significant associations between sex work and muscle dysmorphia.
	Study finds tapering TNF inhibitors increases flares, lowers Boolean remission rates for RA patients in remission New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, has found that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in sustained remission who stopped TNF inhibitors (TNFi) had significantly more flares and lower Boolean 2.0 remission rates compared with those who continued treatment.
	Study shows stem cell transplant significantly improves outcomes in refractory juvenile systemic sclerosis New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, shows that patients with refractory juvenile systemic sclerosis improved significantly on nearly all measures for two years following autologous stem cell transplant.
	Spread of drug resistant bacteria linked to patient hand contamination and antibiotic use within nursing homes Nursing home residents have an increasing diversity in the level of care required—ranging from short term post-acute care stays that are focused on rehabilitation, to more intensive nursing care.
	Research links sleep apnea to increased risk of atrial fibrillation New research from Cleveland Clinic has identified a link between sleep apnea and the development of atrial fibrillation, a common heart rhythm disorder.
	US approves first vaccine against chikungunya virus US health authorities on Thursday approved the world's first vaccine for chikungunya, a virus spread by infected mosquitoes that the Food and Drug Administration called "an emerging global health threat."
	Novo Nordisk invests $6 bn to boost anti-obesity drug output Danish drugmaker Novo Nordisk said Friday it would invest 42 billion kroner ($6 billion) to expand manufacturing facilities in efforts to meet massive demand for its anti-diabetes and anti-obesity treatments.
	Perimenopause usually begins in your 40s: How do you know if it has started? More than half our population (50.7%) are born with ovaries and will experience perimenopause in midlife. This occurs as hormone levels decrease and ovaries slow their release of eggs.
	Australia is in a new COVID wave. What can be expected this time? Australia is now into its next COVID wave. We've seen hints of this for a while. Case numbers and indicators of severe disease began rising in Victoria in August. But it has taken several months for a consistent pattern to emerge across Australia.
	Q&A: Fertility considerations in cancer treatment, preserving hope for the future Question: I'm a 28-year-old woman recently diagnosed with breast cancer. My care team recommends starting treatment as soon as possible. While I'm ready to do the necessary treatments, I'm worried about the affect it may have on my ability to have children in the future. Are there options that can help preserve my fertility during cancer treatment?
	Considerable shortages of minoxidil recorded in greater DC area There are considerable shortages of oral minoxidil 2.5 mg and 10 mg tablets, used for treatment of androgenetic alopecia, within the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Northern Virginia (DMV) area, according to a research letter published online Oct. 26 in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.
	Q&A: Treatment for a parastomal hernia Question: My friend had a stoma created after years of managing Crohn's disease. She recently had surgery to repair a hernia. What is a stoma, and are these types of hernias common? What is the typical treatment?
	About 1 in 6 older Australians experiences elder abuse. Here are the reasons they don't get help Each year, many older Australians experience abuse, neglect or financial exploitation, usually at the hands of their adult children or other close relatives.
	Getting adequate vitamin D in the fall and winter Vitamin D plays a large role in overall health, but it can be challenging to absorb sufficient levels—especially in the colder months. A Baylor College of Medicine expert provides tips on how to maintain your vitamin D intake in the fall and winter.
	More than half of COVID-19 patients have post-disease syndrome, finds research The School of Chinese Medicine at Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) found that 55% of the patients who sought medical treatment from the HKBU Chinese Medicine Telemedicine Center Against COVID-19 during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to experience at least one long COVID symptom for six months to a year after diagnosed with an infection. The most common symptoms are fatigue, brain fog and cough.
	Top ten steps to improve in-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes and care identified Worldwide, cardiac arrest among hospitalized people of all ages is a high-risk event associated with significant disease and death. To address a growing need to improve the quality standards for responding to an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) has identified 10 steps that can lead to better patient outcomes and survival.
	Norovirus: What to know and how to avoid it Noroviruses are usually more widespread in the fall and winter, but you can get sick from the virus any time of the year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis in the U.S.
	A comprehensive evaluation of spontaneous pelvic organ prolapse in non-human primates as a model for human studies Animal models are urgently needed to evaluate the host tissue responses and safety of newly developed treatments for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, there is a lack of suitable animal models for studying POP due to humans' unique pelvic anatomy and physiology.

Other Sciences news

	Boys choir found to compete sexually for female audiences through more energetic singing Research led by Western Sydney University, Australia, has found that boys singing in a choir engage in simultaneous group cohesion and sexually motivated competition exhibited through voice modulation in the presence of a female audience.
	Study: Bullying victims who feel targeted due to social characteristics may experience effects more intensely Students who feel they have been victimized because of social characteristics such as their ethnicity or their sexuality are at additional risk of trauma, a new national US study has revealed.
	Overwhelmed by group chat messages? You're not alone For many of us, group chats are part of the texture of our social lives. These groups, formed on apps like Messenger or Whatsapp, can be as large as a hundred people or as small as three.
	People dig deeper to fact-check social media posts when paired with someone who doesn't share their perspective: Study People fact-checked social media posts more carefully and were more willing to revise their initial beliefs when they were paired with someone from a different cultural background than their own, according to a study my collaborators Michael Baker and Françoise Détienne and I recently published in Frontiers in Psychology.
	'Bluewashing': How ecotourism can be used against Indigenous communities When the notion of "ecotourism" was introduced in the late 1970s, it was intended to be ecologically responsible, promote conservation, benefit local populations and help travelers foster a "reconnection with biocultural diversity." It's now more of a marketing term, used to give mass adventure-tourism packages a more "responsible" sheen. Visitors might get a nature walk, but interactions with local residents are limited to souvenir sellers at best, and international consortiums arrange everything and keep the profits for themselves.
	Why more food, toiletry and beauty companies are switching to minimalist package designs For decades, marketers of consumer goods designed highly adorned packages, deploying bold colors, snazzy text, cartoons and illustrations to seize the attention of shoppers. Conventional wisdom held that with thousands of products competing against one another in the aisles of big box stores and supermarkets, companies needed to do everything in their power to make their products stand out.
	Ubuntu offers lessons in how to treat people with disabilities—a study of Bomvana rituals Research shows that people with disabilities have always been largely excluded and marginalized in societies across the world.
	Smashing the 'concrete ceiling': Black women are still missing from corporate leadership While white women may speak of breaking through the "glass ceiling," for many Black women, it's more like a "concrete ceiling." Black women experience unique and formidable barriers in the workforce that are not only difficult to break, but also obscure their view of career advancement opportunities.
	Research counters 'confidence gap' stereotype for women entrepreneurs According to one prevalent gender stereotype, women are "under-confident" in their ability to thrive as entrepreneurs. But like so many gender stereotypes, this one turns out to be false, says Jennifer Jennings, a professor in the Alberta School of Business and Canada Research Chair in Entrepreneurship, Gender and Family Business.
	Study finds link between school desegregation and midlife cognitive function Exposure to state-level school desegregation during primary school was associated with higher midlife cognitive function among Black Americans who grew up in the U.S. South from the 1950s to 1970s, according to new findings by a University of Maryland public policy researcher.
	Q&A: Ghanaians don't trust the police—criminologist discusses what needs to be done about it The relationship between Ghanaian citizens and officers of its police service is a tenuous one. Recent reports by the research network Afrobarometer show a decline in trust between citizens and officers amid complaints of harassment and bribery. There have also been accusations of the police being used by the political hierarchy to stifle dissent by force during protests. The Conversation's Godfred Akoto Boafo speaks to criminologist Justice Tankebe about the reasons behind the breakdown in trust and ways to improve it.

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