Science X Newsletter Thu, Nov 2

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 2, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

'Super melanin' heals skin injuries from sunburn, chemical burns

Turkish astronomers investigate open cluster Collinder 74

Promising electrolytes for solid-state batteries based on viscoelastic inorganic glass

Research shows one sleepless night can rapidly reverse depression for several days

Rats have an imagination, new research finds

Chimpanzees use hilltops to conduct reconnaissance on rival groups

GPT-4 falls short of Turing threshold

Genome sequencing project reveals new secrets about cat evolution

New centralized pollination portal for better global bee data creates a buzz

What a '2D' quantum superfluid feels like to the touch

Investigators examine shifts in coral microbiome under hypoxia

In measuring how online news influence political views, do mouse clicks speak louder than words?

Wildfire plumes deposit ash on seawater, fueling growth of phytoplankton

UK Cryptosporidium cases on the rise, investigations ongoing

Scholars reveal improved human greenspace exposure equality during 21st century urbanization

Nanotechnology news

	Researchers engineer colloidal quasicrystals using DNA-modified building blocks A team of researchers from the Mirkin Group at Northwestern University's International Institute for Nanotechnology in collaboration with the University of Michigan and the Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials- CIC biomaGUNE, unveils a novel methodology to engineer colloidal quasicrystals using DNA-modified building blocks. Their study is published in the journal Nature Materials under the title "Colloidal Quasicrystals Engineered with DNA."
	Researchers discover new ultra strong material for microchip sensors Researchers at Delft University of Technology, led by assistant professor Richard Norte, have unveiled a remarkable new material with potential to impact the world of material science: amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC). Beyond its exceptional strength, this material demonstrates mechanical properties crucial for vibration isolation on a microchip. Amorphous silicon carbide is therefore particularly suitable for making ultra-sensitive microchip sensors.
	Nanoparticles deliver treatment directly to tumors of deadly brain cancer Using nanoparticles administered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a research team has developed a treatment that may overcome significant challenges in treating a particularly deadly brain cancer.
	Re-engineered pseudoviruses for 3D mapping of infections open up new horizons in virus research Pseudoviruses resemble impostors: Although harmless, they are designed in such a way that they can hardly be distinguished from their dangerous relatives. This makes them an invaluable tool in virus research. They can be used to precisely analyze infection pathways of dangerous virus variants.
	'Bliss' compound may hold out hope for autoimmune skin disease A marijuana-like compound holds out promise as a new treatment for a severe autoimmune skin disease called skin lupus, according to a study published recently by a multicenter team including researchers at the George Washington University.

Physics news

	What a '2D' quantum superfluid feels like to the touch Researchers from Lancaster University in the UK have discovered how superfluid helium 3He would feel if you could put your hand into it. Dr. Samuli Autti is the lead author of the research published in Nature Communications.
	Optical fiber–based, single-photon light source at room temperature for next-generation quantum processing Quantum-based systems promise faster computing and stronger encryption for computation and communication systems. These systems can be built on fiber networks involving interconnected nodes which consist of qubits and single-photon generators that create entangled photon pairs.
	Bartering light for light: Scientists discover new system to control the chaotic behavior of light Harnessing and controlling light is vital for the development of technology, including energy harvesting, computation, communications, and biomedical sensing. Yet, in real-world scenarios, complexity in light's behavior poses challenges for its efficient control. Physicist Andrea Alù likens the behavior of light in chaotic systems to the initial break shot in a game of billiards.
	Solving a long-standing problem in transmission electron microscopy For researchers wanting to understand the inner workings of magnetic materials, transmission electron microscopy is an indispensable tool. Because the wavelength of an electron is much shorter than the wavelength of visible light, a beam of electrons transmitted through a thin slice of a material can create an image in which the inner structure of the material is magnified up to 50 million times, many orders of magnitude more than with an optical microscope.
	Random wrinkles for opto-physical unclonable functions The convergence of digital technology and the internet has led to the emergence of complex digital networks utilizing ubiquitous electronic devices such as mobile phones and smart home appliances. As a result, we can access and exchange information from anywhere using technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing.

Earth news

	Scholars reveal improved human greenspace exposure equality during 21st century urbanization More than half of the global population currently resides in urban settings, experiencing an influx of nearly 200,000 individuals each day. An increasing body of evidence highlights the significance of urban greenspaces, emphasizing their potential to boost psychological and physiological well-being, coupled with broader ecosystem service benefits. Consequently, ensuring universal access to public and greenspaces is vital for achieving sustainable and healthy development goals.
	Damaging thunderstorm winds rising in central US: Research finds five-fold increase Destructive winds that flow out of thunderstorms in the central United States are becoming more widespread with warming temperatures, according to new research by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).
	Study links changes in global water cycle to higher temperatures It's a multi-billion dollar question: What will happen to water as temperatures continue to rise? There will be winners and losers with any change that redistributes where, when and how much water is available for humans to drink and use.
	How a climate model can illustrate and explain ice-age climate variability Although humankind is responsible for the current global climate warming, our planet has constantly been undergoing natural climate fluctuations. Possible forcing mechanisms for this variability would have been changes in the brightness of the sun or explosive volcanic eruptions, but also interactions within the atmosphere/ocean/sea-ice system.
	A monster eddy current is spinning into existence off the coast of Sydney—will it bring a new marine heat wave? Right now, there's something big spinning off the coast from Sydney—a giant rotating vortex of sea water, powerful enough to dominate the ocean currents off south-eastern Australia.
	Researchers argue that reducing greenhouse gas emissions is not enough to combat climate change According to a new paper in Oxford Open Climate Change, the strategies humanity must pursue to reduce climate change will have to include more than reducing greenhouse gases. This comes from an analysis of climate data led by researcher James Hansen.
	Investigating the influence of media narratives on microplastics risk perception In a world increasingly aware of the environmental challenges posed by microplastics, a study conducted by Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag from Babes-Bolyai University, and published in PeerJ Life & Environment, sheds new light on the impact of media narratives on public perception and awareness of microplastic risks.
	New method removes roadblock in crystal structure prediction, probes Earth's interior Researchers from Skoltech, MIPT, and Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics have proposed a method that cuts all the right corners to spare computational costs and enable the prediction of material structures at any temperatures. The team reports its findings for the structure of iron in the inner core and magnesium silicate in the Earth's lower mantle.
	UN sounds warning on climate change health threat Climate change poses a health threat through increasing weather disasters and extreme heat, the UN said Thursday, calling for better warning systems that could be weaved into public health policy.
	Forests are vital to protect the climate, yet the world is falling far behind its targets The world is falling behind on commitments to protect and restore forests, according to the recent Forest Declaration Assessment. There is no serious pathway to fixing climate change while forest losses continue at current rates, because global climate targets, sustainable development goals and forest commitments depend on each other.
	Model to illustrate scenarios for Colorado River water use The Colorado River is a lifeblood for the U.S. Southwest that provides tap water for some 40 million people and irrigation for 2.6 million acres of crops in seven states and Mexico.
	Singapore's coasts are historically more resilient against sea-level rise than previously thought During the Holocene epoch, which began around 11,700 years ago, coastlines globally retreated due to thousands of years of rising sea levels. However, a team of researchers at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) found this was not true for Singapore's coasts.
	Hebrew prayer book fills gap in Italian earthquake history The chance discovery of a note written in a 15th century Hebrew prayer book fills an important gap in the historical Italian earthquake record, offering a brief glimpse of a previously unknown earthquake affecting the Marche region in the central Apennines.
	Study projects more water shortfalls in Schuylkill watershed in next 20 years due to climate change Research out of Drexel University's College of Engineering suggests that over the next two decades people living in the Schuylkill Watershed, which includes Philadelphia, could experience as many as 82 more days of water shortfalls due to localized weather impacts of climate change.
	AI to lighten the load in the fight against bushfires Snapping a picture on your next bushwalk could help predict and prevent devastating bushfires, thanks to a new innovative mobile phone app, NOBURN, powered by AI developed by University of Adelaide experts.
	Parts of Clean Water Act not effective in controlling nutrient pollution, research suggests When rivers began catching on fire, the U.S. government knew it was time to act. So Congress passed the Clean Water Act of 1972.
	Report: As climate impacts accelerate, finance gap for adaptation efforts at least 50% bigger than thought Progress on climate adaptation is slowing on all fronts when it should be accelerating to catch up with rising climate change impacts and risks, according to a new United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) report.
	Hydrogeologists develop innovative way to predict saltwater intrusion into groundwater As the world warms and ice sheets melt, the ocean continually rises. The greater Boston area can expect to see between one and six feet of sea level rise by 2100, according to recent estimates.
	Seven dead as Western Europe hit by record winds of Storm Ciaran Seven people were killed as Storm Ciaran battered Western Europe on Thursday, bringing record winds as high as 200 kilometers per hour, floods, blackouts and major travel disruption.
	Earthquake slightly damages houses in southeastern Indonesia, but no casualties reported An earthquake slightly damaged houses and other buildings in southeastern Indonesia early Thursday, causing some panic but no apparent casualties.
	Cheap electricity and jobs keep Serbia tied to coal The Kolubara coal mine in Serbia never closes—24 hours a day, 365 days per year, excavators work around the clock gnawing away at the soil to extract the fossil fuel.
	Climate experts warn of fossil fuel tactics at COP28 Oil-rich Gulf states have positioned themselves as both champions of climate innovation and guardians of fossil fuel interests—a balancing act experts warn could derail action at COP28 in Dubai.
	Reports says Nevada is virtually drought-free Southern Nevada's lengthy and bone-crushing drought has received oodles of attention in recent years, particularly as it concerns water use and Lake Mead. Getting less attention is that recent weather patterns have helped alleviate the distress.
	Here are the places that could become too hot for humans due to climate change Heat waves have always been part of summer, but the familiar short periods of oppressive conditions have grown into weeks to months of sweltering heat. Research has shown that heat waves have become longer, hotter and more frequent over the last half a century because of human-induced climate change.
	Students ordered to wear masks in smog-hit Lahore Authorities in Pakistan ordered schoolchildren in the smog-smothered city of Lahore to wear masks during lessons starting Thursday, an effort to protect against hazardous levels of polluted air.
	Mayotte turns to bottled water in century's worst drought French island group Mayotte will begin distributing bottled water to its 310,000 inhabitants this month as the region faces its worst drought episode this century, the government said Thursday.

Astronomy and Space news

	Turkish astronomers investigate open cluster Collinder 74 Astronomers from Istanbul University in Turkey have conducted a comprehensive study of a Galactic open cluster known as Collinder 74. Results of the study, presented in a paper published October 20 on the pre-print server arXiv and accepted for publication in Physics and Astronomy Reports, shed more light on the properties and nature of this cluster.
	Researchers find gravitational lensing has significant effect on cosmic birefringence Future missions will be able to find signatures of violating the parity-symmetry in the cosmic microwave background polarization more accurately after a pair of researchers has managed to take into account the gravitational lensing effect, reports a new study in Physical Review D, selected as an Editors' Suggestion.
	Tracking near-Earth cosmic explosions When massive stars or other stellar objects explode in the Earth's cosmic neighborhood, ejected debris can also reach our solar system. Traces of such events are found on Earth or the moon and can be detected using accelerator mass spectrometry, or AMS for short.
	New patterns in Mars clouds revealed by volunteers The first journal article about clouds identified by participants of the Cloudspotting on Mars project has been accepted for publication and is now available online. The article, "The Cloudspotting on Mars citizen science project: Seasonal and spatial cloud distributions observed by the Mars Climate Sounder" will appear in a special issue of Icarus titled "MRO: 16 Years at Mars." MRO is the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Mars Climate Sounder is an instrument on MRO.
	NASA's Lucy spacecraft discovers 2nd asteroid during Dinkinesh flyby On Nov. 1, NASA's Lucy spacecraft flew by not just its first asteroid, but its first two. The first images returned by Lucy reveal that the small main belt asteroid Dinkinesh is actually a binary pair.
	Astronomers observe supermassive black hole feeding and feedback on sub-parsec scales An international research team led by Takuma Izumi, an assistant professor at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, has achieved a milestone by observing the nearby active galactic nucleus of the Circinus Galaxy, with an extremely high resolution (approximately 1 light-year) by using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
	White dwarfs could support life. So where are all their planets? Astronomers have found plenty of white dwarf stars surrounded by debris disks. Those disks are the remains of planets destroyed by the star as it evolved. But they've found one intact Jupiter-mass planet orbiting a white dwarf.
	Norway inaugurates satellite launch site Norway on Thursday joined the race to launch satellites from the European continent by inaugurating a new spaceport on the island of Andoya, north of the Arctic Circle.
	A collapsed Mars lava chamber seen from space Lava tubes and chambers attract a lot of attention as potential sites for bases on the moon and Mars. They provide protection from radiation, from temperature swings, and even from meteorites. They beg to be explored.
	Image: High-power thruster qualification testing for Gateway The blue hue of the Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) is seen inside a vacuum chamber at NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland during recent thruster qualification testing. This 12-kilowatt Hall thruster is the most powerful electric propulsion thruster in production, and it will be critical to future science and exploration missions at the moon and beyond.
	Scientists describe deployment of three-body chain-type tethered satellites in low-eccentricity orbits Recently, the tethered satellite system (TSS) has been used in Earth observations, space interferometry and other space missions, due to its potential merits. The tethered TSAR (tomographic synthetic aperture radar) system is a group of tethered SAR satellites that can be rapidly deployed and provide a stable baseline for 3-dimensional topographic mapping and moving target detection.
	Image: Nighttime on the East Coast While aboard the International Space Station on Oct. 26, NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli captured the city lights of the northeastern United States and major urban areas including Long Island, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Washington, D.C.

Technology news

	GPT-4 falls short of Turing threshold One question has relentlessly followed ChatGPT in its trajectory to superstar status in the field of artificial intelligence: Has it met the Turing test of generating output indistinguishable from human response?
	Deep decarbonization scenarios reveal importance of accelerating zero-emission vehicle adoption The rapid adoption of zero-emission electric vehicles will move the nation close to an 80% or more drop in transportation greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 from the 2019 level according to researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
	Two million European households could abandon the electrical grid by 2050, say energy researchers Researchers report that 53% of European freestanding homes could have supplied all their own energy needs in 2020 using only local rooftop solar radiation, and this technical feasibility could increase to 75% in 2050.
	Researchers develop solid-state thermal transistor for better heat management A team of researchers from UCLA has unveiled a first-of-its-kind stable and fully solid-state thermal transistor that uses an electric field to control a semiconductor device's heat movement.
	Learning to forget—a weapon in the arsenal against harmful AI With the AI summit well underway, researchers are keen to raise the very real problem associated with the technology—teaching it how to forget.
	While rare, why do batteries sometimes catch fire and explode? How likely would an electric vehicle battery self-combust and explode? The chances of that happening are actually pretty slim: Some analysts say that gasoline vehicles are nearly 30 times more likely to catch fire than electric vehicles. But recent news of EVs catching fire while parked have left many consumers—and researchers—scratching their heads over how these rare events could possibly happen.
	America's low-carbon transition could improve employment opportunities for all The U.S. is likely to see consistent job growth from the transition to net zero, but the gains will be unevenly distributed, shows a new analysis. The analysis, conducted by Imperial College London researchers and published today in Nature Climate Change, shows that some states will need new policies to ensure a 'just' transition.
	New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry Researchers led by Professor Kang Kisuk of the Center for Nanoparticle Research within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), have announced a major breakthrough in the field of next-generation solid-state batteries. It is believed that their new findings will enable the creation of batteries based on a novel chloride-based solid electrolyte that exhibits exceptional ionic conductivity.
	AI image generators can be tricked into making NSFW content A new test of popular AI image generators shows that while they're supposed to make only G-rated pictures, they can be hacked to create not suitable for work (NSFW) content.
	Using language to give robots a better grasp of an open-ended world Imagine you're visiting a friend abroad, and you look inside their fridge to see what would make for a great breakfast. Many of the items initially appear foreign to you, with each one encased in unfamiliar packaging and containers. Despite these visual distinctions, you begin to understand what each one is used for and pick them up as needed.
	Iraq inches toward solar-powered future In a small village in the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan, solar panels adorn most homes, part of a small but growing effort to harness the sun's energy in Iraq, where electricity is scarce.
	Disney to complete takeover of Hulu with $8.6 bn deal The Walt Disney Company on Wednesday announced it will buy Comcast's $8.6 billion stake in Hulu, completing its takeover of the streaming service.
	Researchers train AI to identify least green homes "Hard-to-decarbonize" (HtD) houses are responsible for over a quarter of all direct housing emissions—a major obstacle to achieving net zero—but are rarely identified or targeted for improvement.
	Political and tech leaders tackle AI safety at inaugural summit UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak on Thursday hosts political and tech leaders at the inaugural global AI safety summit, predicting the technology will radically alter society for generations to come.
	AI: The real threat may be the way that governments choose to use it The significant risks that AI poses to global security are becoming clearer. That's partly why UK prime minister Rishi Sunak is hosting other world leaders at the AI Safety summit on November 1-2 at the famous second world war code-breaking site Bletchley Park. Yet while the technology of AI is developing at an alarming pace, the real threat may come from governments themselves.
	Novel design method optimizes performance of microelectromechanical system pressure sensor A research team led by Prof. Wang Junbo from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has introduced a novel simulation-based evolutionary method for the design of parameter-free microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structures, which aims to maximize the degrees of freedom in MEMS design.
	Study shows underground car parks heat up groundwater and proposes a geothermal energy solution The heat given off by car engines warms up underground car parks in such a way that the heat passes through the ground into the groundwater. In Berlin alone, enough energy is transferred to the groundwater to supply 14,660 households with heat. This finding was made by a team from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and the University of Basel.
	Clarity on daily life applications of cryptocurrency key to attracting and retaining users, says study Cryptocurrency providers need to be clearer on how their digital coins can help people in their daily lives to attract and retain users, according to research published in Information Technology & People by Nottingham Business School (NBS), part of Nottingham Trent University, which explores how people use cryptocurrencies.
	To secure raw materials, Europe turns to recycling Extracting gold, silver and other commodities from discarded goods has industrial, geopolitical and environmental benefits for the EU.
	Amazon used an algorithm to essentially raise prices on other sites, the FTC says Amazon used a secret algorithm that essentially helped the company raise prices on other online sites and "destroyed" some internal communications as the Federal Trade Commission was investigating the company, according to newly unredacted portions of the agency's antitrust lawsuit against the e-commerce giant.
	UN chief leads calls for 'united' response to AI threats UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called Thursday for a "united, sustained, global response" to artificial intelligence threats, as Western allies agreed a safety framework for new cutting-edge models at a world-first summit in Britain.
	Advances in machine learning for nuclear power operations spell a brighter future for carbon-free energy In an impressive combination of nuclear technology and machine learning (ML), a team of scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory has unveiled a significant finding in maintaining safety and efficiency in a type of next-generation nuclear reactor, known as a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR).
	Students design prototype so that exterminating bed bugs will no longer require a 'human sacrifice' In the category of household pests, few are as difficult to exterminate as bed bugs. Pesticide treatments depend on someone sleeping in the infested room as living bait to lure the creatures out of their hiding places for an evening's blood feast—a big sacrifice for most people. The process can take weeks and presents a conundrum for hotels and guest houses.
	Algorithms descend into sewers to improve inspections They never cross our minds until they become damaged and then they're a huge problem: our sewers. Their maintenance could be much faster and more accurate, Ph.D. candidate Dirk Meijer has discovered. Algorithms are also proving to be a godsend deep underground.
	AI should be better understood and managed, new research warns Artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms can and are being used to radicalize, polarize, and spread racism and political instability, says a Lancaster University academic.
	Making electric vehicles last: Team develops polymer binder to extend dual-ion battery lifespan In the realm of electric vehicles, powered by stored electric energy, the key lies in rechargeable batteries capable of enduring multiple charge cycles. Lithium-ion batteries have been the poster child for this application. However, due to limitations in energy storage capacity and other associated challenges, the focus has shifted to an intriguing alternative known as dual-ion batteries (DIBs).
	Uber, Lyft to pay $328 mn to drivers after New York state probe Uber and Lyft will pay $328 million to settle a New York probe alleging that the companies "cheated" drivers, in an accord that also establishes paid sick leave, state officials announced Thursday.
	Research unveils the complex nature of human–AI interactions New research in Management Science is providing insights for business leaders on how work experience affects employees interacting with AI.
	Creating efficient p-type transparent conductors Transparent conductors are essential for many devices, such as touch screens and solar cells. Copper iodide (CuI) can conduct electricity while staying see-through but is not as good as some other materials. Researchers from the University of Twente managed to improve the conductivity of CuI while keeping 75% of its transparency. By adding a tiny bit of sulfur, their new material moves us one step closer to fully transparent electronic devices.
	Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant starts 3rd release of treated radioactive wastewater into the sea The tsunami-damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant began its third release of treated and diluted radioactive wastewater into the sea Thursday after Japanese officials said the two earlier releases ended smoothly.
	Solar mini-grids offer clean-power hope to rural Africa Working as a nurse in her rural Nigerian village, Andat Datau faced more than her share of challenges. But delivering babies by torchlight was always hard.
	S&P says sharing office space giant WeWork in 'selective default' Embattled flexible workspace provider WeWork is in "selective default" after failing to meet conditions set by debt holders, ratings agency S&P said Wednesday.
	Ferrari shifts up targets after 'record quarter' Italian luxury carmaker Ferrari raised its financial targets for the year Thursday to eye sales of 5.9 billion euros ($6.3 billion) after another "record quarter".
	Q&A: We need to better understand public resistance toward wind turbines and solar cells Wind turbines, solar cells, and, before long, Power-to-X plants are being installed all over Denmark, but the large plants are not always welcomed by the locals. This can inhibit the green transition, and it is an understudied research topic, according to Julia Kirch Kirkegaard, Associate Professor at DTU Wind.
	YouTube takes aim at teens binging on body image videos YouTube on Thursday said it tweaked its recommendation system in the United States to prevent teens from binging on videos idealizing certain body types.
	Listen to the last new Beatles song with John, Paul, George, Ringo and AI tech: 'Now and Then' The final Beatles recording is here.
	Chip design with machine learning: A survey from an algorithm perspective A paper published in the journal Science China Information Sciences comprehensively surveys existing works of chip design with ML algorithms from an algorithm perspective. To accomplish this goal, the authors propose a novel and systematical taxonomy for the target problems at different stages in chip design. The taxonomy aims to guide selecting and designing ML algorithms for the target problems, taking into account their existing challenges, as well as to provide a comprehensive summary of chip design with ML algorithms for researchers.
	Jury begins deliberations in Bankman-Fried crypto trial Jurors began deliberations in the trial of Sam Bankman Fried, the one time cryptocurrency golden boy who is accused of massive fraud by stealing customer money as he built his empire.

Chemistry news

	Promising electrolytes for solid-state batteries based on viscoelastic inorganic glass Recent advancements in the development of hybrid and electric vehicles have increased the need for highly performing battery technologies. Research teams worldwide have thus been working on a wide range of alternative battery solutions, while also trying to identify new promising electrolytes for these batteries.
	VPR: A stronger, stretchier, self-healing plastic Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed an innovative plastic that is stronger and stretchier than the current standard type. The plastic is also partially biodegradable, remembers its shape, and can be healed with heat. The researchers created it by adding the molecule polyrotaxane to an epoxy resin vitrimer, a type of plastic.
	Researchers capture high-resolution images of magnesium ions interacting with CRISPR gene-editing enzyme The gene-editing technology known as CRISPR has led to revolutionary changes in agriculture, health research and more.
	A closer look at the compounds and molecules involved in giving cannabis its unique scent A team of chemists at terpene distributor Abstrax Tech has conducted an extensive study of the molecules that are likely involved in giving cannabis its unique smell. In their study, published in ACS Omega, the group used a variety of tests to look for and identify the molecules that give cannabis its unique scent.
	Excited-multimer mediated supramolecular upconversion on multicomponent lanthanide-organic assemblies Upconversion (UC) luminescence is a process that converts low-energy photons into higher-energy ones with promising applications in diverse fields. However, known UC mechanisms mainly focus on the energy transfer processes between metal ions, while the role of organic ligands needs to be explored.
	New method to recycle adsorbents in wastewater treatment Removing pollutants from wastewater using adsorbents like activated carbon is often unsustainable. Once saturated, these adsorbents need to be regenerated which can require high temperatures. Pierre Oesterle's thesis shows how this can be done in a more environmentally friendly way using pressure cooking technology.
	Self-powered microbial fuel cell biosensor for monitoring organic freshwater pollution The discharge of organic effluents—biodegradable waste materials from plants and animals—into freshwater bodies is a significant environmental concern, affecting the health and sustainability of these aquatic ecosystems. However, the methods currently available for inspecting water quality are complex and costly.

Biology news

	Rats have an imagination, new research finds As humans, we live in our thoughts: from pondering what to make for dinner to daydreaming about our last beach vacation. Now, researchers at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus have found that animals also possess an imagination.
	Chimpanzees use hilltops to conduct reconnaissance on rival groups Chimpanzees use high ground to conduct reconnaissance on rival groups, often before making forays into enemy territory at times when there is reduced risk of confrontation, a new study suggests.
	Genome sequencing project reveals new secrets about cat evolution Researchers at the Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (VMBS) and an interdisciplinary team of collaborators have uncovered new information about the history of cat evolution explaining how cats—including well-known species like lions, tigers, and domestic cats—evolved into different species, and shedding light on how different genetic changes in cats relate to survival abilities like the ability to smell prey.
	New centralized pollination portal for better global bee data creates a buzz A powerful new way to fill major gaps in public bee data—including from Africa, Asia and other under-reported zones—has been addressed with a centralized tool for consolidating bee pollinator occurrences around the globe.
	Investigators examine shifts in coral microbiome under hypoxia A new study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology provides the first characterization of the coral microbiome under hypoxia, insufficient oxygen in the water. The research is an initial step toward identifying potential beneficial bacteria for corals facing this environmental stressor.
	Wildfire plumes deposit ash on seawater, fueling growth of phytoplankton A team of marine biologists at the University of California has found that large wildfires, such as the Thomas Fire in California, can deposit large amounts of ash on seawater, fueling the growth of phytoplankton. In their study, reported in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, the group tested the impact of ash from a major wildfire on seawater samples in their lab.
	New study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid recycling within cells Recycling is just as essential in cells as in our more familiar macroscopic world. Cells continuously generate waste products and accumulate damaged components while performing regular functions. Various recycling mechanisms have evolved to ensure efficient use of these resources and help maintain homeostasis, with autophagy being one of the most well-preserved among countless animal, plant, and fungal lineages.
	Imaging advance poised to provide new insights into reproduction and infertility Researchers have developed a new optical coherence tomography (OCT) approach that can directly image coordination of tiny hair-like structures known as motile cilia in their natural environment. The ability to observe cilia dynamics in living organisms gives researchers a powerful new tool to investigate how these structures move cells and substances through the female reproductive system, as well as other functions of cilia throughout the body.
	Fossilized skulls reveal relatives of today's rhinos had no horn and died out 5 million years ago Paleontologists from Tübingen have redefined a rhinoceros genus that had fallen into oblivion: Eochilotherium lived more than 5 million years ago and did not have a horn on its nose. Hornless rhinos were known to be ancestors of today's species.
	Researchers develop new method to analyze proteins in ecologically significant moss Though the changing climate threatens the world's vegetation, a type of peat moss has surprised scientists with its resilience: Sphagnum divinum is actively evolving in response to hot, dry conditions.
	A living bandage: Wound dressing uses probiotic bacteria to combat biofilms Millimeter by millimeter, new tissue makes its way through a wound until it has closed a skin lesion. Soon, in the best case, there is nothing left to see of a knee scrape, a finger cut or a burn blister. Not so with chronic wounds, though: If the injury has not healed after four weeks, there is a wound healing disorder. Sometimes, seemingly harmless tissue damage can develop into a permanent health problem or even blood poisoning.
	Research outlines how sex differences have evolved Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and Heidelberg University in Germany have shown that sex differences in animals vary dramatically across species, organs and developmental stages, and evolve quickly at the gene level but slowly at the cell type level.
	Researchers identify bacterial mechanism for vitamin B12 uptake A team of scientists led by Dr. Ulrich Kleinekathöfer, professor of Theoretical Physics at Constructor University in Bremen, has now discovered how B12 is absorbed by certain intestinal bacteria. Published in the journal Nature Communications at the beginning of August, the findings will serve as a basis for research on how to better fight diseases and develop better antibiotics.
	Scientists discover novel antibodies that target resistant bacteria A research team has discovered antibodies that could lead to a new approach to treating acute and chronic infections with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to its numerous resistance mechanisms, P. aeruginosa is associated with high morbidity and mortality and can cause complicated infections and dangerous cases of sepsis in severely ill patients.
	Textbook knowledge turned on its head: 3-in-1 microorganism discovered A team of researchers has now been able to show that there is an incredibly high biodiversity of environmentally relevant microorganisms in nature. This diversity is at least 4.5 times greater than previously known. The researchers recently published their findings in the journals Nature Communications and FEMS Microbiology Reviews.
	Study: To restore ecosystems, think about thwarting hungry herbivores Re-establishing plantings of trees, grasses and other vegetation is essential for restoring degraded ecosystems, but a new survey of almost 2,600 restoration projects from nearly every type of ecosystem on Earth finds that most projects fail to recognize and control one of the new plants' chief threats: hungry critters that eat plants.
	Making gluten-free, sorghum-based beers easier to brew and enjoy Though beer is a popular drink worldwide, it's usually made from barley, which leaves those with a gluten allergy or intolerance unable to enjoy the frothy beverage. Sorghum, a naturally gluten-free grain, could be an alternative, but complex preparation steps have hampered its widespread adoption by brewers. Now, researchers reporting the molecular basis behind sorghum brewing in the Journal of Proteome Research have uncovered an enzyme that could improve the future of sorghum-based beers.
	Thermal imaging: A promising tool to measure stress in wild animals Thermal imaging technology is poised to transform the study of the stress response in wild animals, according to Tufts researchers who have proven that the temperature shifts measured by the non-invasive technique correlate with other physiological changes in the animals.
	Researchers identify female sex determining gene in mice Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and the Université Cote d'Azur, together with other labs in France and Switzerland, have identified a gene which is an early determining factor of ovary development in mice.
	Visualizing fungal infections deep in living host tissue reveals proline metabolism facilitates virulence An international team of scientists, led by researchers from the Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University has published in PLoS Pathogens the first successful application of two-photon intravital microscopy (IVM) to image the dynamics of fungal infections in the kidney of a living host. The study reveals that the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans requires the ability to metabolize proline, an amino acid obtained from the host, to mount virulent infections.
	First-ever observation of a virus attaching to another virus No one had ever seen one virus latching onto another virus, until anomalous sequencing results sent a UMBC team down a rabbit hole leading to a first-of-its-kind discovery.
	A known environmental hazard can change the epigenetics of cells Epigenetics, the chemical mechanisms that control the activity of genes, allows our cells, tissues and organs to adapt to the changing circumstances of the environment around us. This advantage can become a drawback, though, as this epigenetic regulation can be more easily altered by toxins than the more stable genetic sequence of the DNA.
	New antibiotic approach proves promising against Lyme bacterium Using a technique that has shown promise in targeting cancer tumors, a Duke Health team has found a way to deploy a molecular warhead that can annihilate the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
	Looking sharp: Shark skin is unique and may have medical use, too Sharks differ from other fish in many ways, including an apparently remarkable ability to heal from wounds, according to reports of sharks recovering from injuries sustained in the wild. While this healing ability has not yet been documented in controlled laboratory conditions, some of the chemical compounds found in shark skin may have significant biomedical potential.
	Stem cell research paves way toward regenerating skeletal muscle Researchers at the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA are one step closer to developing stem cell therapies to regenerate skeletal muscle in humans. Working in mice, the UCLA team discovered how to make lab-grown muscle stem cells persist within muscle tissue and form new muscle.
	Adult coral can handle more heat and keep growing thanks to heat-evolved symbionts Adult fragments of a coral species can better tolerate bleaching and recover faster when treated with tougher heat-evolved symbionts, new research from the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) and the University of Melbourne indicates. The work is published in Global Change Biology.
	Ornithological society to rename dozens of birds—and stop naming them after people Birds in North America will no longer be named after people, the American Ornithological Society announced Wednesday.
	Researchers develop curated and integrated biomarker knowledgebase for animals Biological markers, commonly referred to markers or biomarkers, serve as quantifiable and measurable indicators of certain biological states in normal and pathogenic processes, as well as potential pharmacologic responses to therapeutics. They serve as the foundation for diagnostic analysis, the identification of new drug development targets, and the cultivation of new varieties. They play a crucial role in various fields, including personalized medicine, drug development, clinical care, and molecular breeding.
	Scientists discover additional healthy deep-sea coral reefs and new seamounts in the Galápagos Scientists examining underwater cliff ecosystems onboard research vessel Falkor (too) using the 4,500 meter robot, ROV SuBastian, have discovered two pristine coral reefs in the waters surrounding the Galápagos Islands. These newly identified cold-water reefs are situated at depths ranging from 370 to 420 meters.
	Researchers caution that biodiversity benefit-sharing needs a radically new approach At the 2022 COP-15 meeting, signatories of the Convention on Biological Diversity reached a new agreement called the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which contained provisions to establish a separate, multilateral benefit-sharing mechanism for the use of "digital sequence information" (DSI), that is, the biological data associated with, or derived from, genetic resources such as nucleotide sequences and epigenetic, protein, and metabolite data.
	New map reveals the effects of 20th century land-use and climate change on Britain's wild species Under the stewardship of geographer Sir Dudley Stamp, thousands of volunteers (including many schoolchildren) came together in the 1930s on a mission that sounds relatively simple on paper: to record how British land was being used.
	Climate change is affecting bears, and humans need to learn more to avoid conflicts In 1967, two simultaneous grizzly bear attacks in Montana's Glacier National Park launched an era of research into human-bear conflicts.
	Investigating effect of cold temperatures on genetically different varieties of kale Kale is considered particularly healthy due, among other things, to its high secondary plant compound content, including the glucosinolates that give the vegetable its typical cabbage flavor. Researchers from Oldenburg and Bremen have now determined that the exact composition of these substances, also known as mustard oil glycosides, depends on environmental factors—in particular temperature—as well as genetic factors.
	Producing stronger, tougher silk by feeding silkworms with rare earth ion-modified diets A research team led by Dr. Yingying Zhang (Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University) devised a scheme utilizing silkworms to produce strong, tough silk through feeding them with rare earth ion-modified diets. The rare earth ions can be incorporated into silk fibroin through feeding. And the incorporated ions are capable of forming ion-dipole and cation-π interactions with silk fibroin. These interactions are promising to tune the structures of silk to enhance its mechanical performance.
	New study reveals overlooked driver of biodiversity across landscapes: Conditions during plant establishment How can so many different species coexist in an ecosystem? In a new study published in Ecology, researchers from Holden Forests & Gardens, the University of California, Davis, and Southern Oregon University reveal an under-appreciated driver of diversity across landscapes: the conditions during plant establishment, or year effects. The results have important implications for our understanding of biodiversity patterns and for the management of restoration efforts.
	Analyzing the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacterium P. aeruginosa The University of Cordoba is participating, together with IMIBIC and the Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, in a national study that analyzes the evolution, between 2017 and 2022, of the antibiotic resistance of a bacterium associated with high mortality rates
	Study finds plant populations in Cologne are adapted to their urban environments A research team from the Universities of Cologne and Potsdam and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research has found that the regional lines of the thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), a small ruderal plant which populates the streets of Cologne, vary greatly in typical life cycle characteristics, such as the regulation of flowering and germination. This allows them to adapt their reproduction to local environmental conditions such as temperature and human disturbances.
	Golden Retriever Lifetime Study data uncovers potential connection between sterilization, hemangiosarcoma A scientific analysis published in Veterinary and Comparative Oncology using Golden Retriever Lifetime Study data notes a potential correlation between canine sterilization and hemangiosarcoma development. This startling finding has been previously suggested by experts, but still is poorly understood.
	Research finds sustainable dairy farms also performed better economically Can Dutch dairy farms that work more sustainably also perform well or even better economically than less sustainable dairy farms? Yes, that is possible, according to a study by Wageningen Economic Research, commissioned by the Sustainable Dairy Chain, a theme group of ZuivelNL.

Medicine and Health news

	'Super melanin' heals skin injuries from sunburn, chemical burns Imagine a skin cream that heals damage occurring throughout the day when your skin is exposed to sunlight or environmental toxins. That's the potential of a synthetic, biomimetic melanin developed by scientists at Northwestern University.
	Research shows one sleepless night can rapidly reverse depression for several days Most people who have pulled an all-nighter are all too familiar with that "tired and wired" feeling. Although the body is physically exhausted, the brain feels slap-happy, loopy and almost giddy.
	UK Cryptosporidium cases on the rise, investigations ongoing A recent rapid communication report by the United Kingdom Health Security Agency, UK, draws attention to the unprecedented and ongoing increase in cryptosporidiosis cases in the UK. Currently, cases are at more than double the expected rate and rising.
	International study reveals critical insights into timely interventions for maternal depression A large-scale international study spanning three continents, led by researchers from A*STAR's Translational Neuroscience Program of the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) in Singapore, has found that maternal depressive symptoms begin from early pregnancy and can last up to two years after childbirth.
	'Lab on a chip' genetic test device can identify viruses within three minutes with top-level accuracy A virus diagnosis device that gives lab-quality results within just three minutes has been invented by engineers at the University of Bath, who describe it as the "world's fastest COVID test."
	Dysfunction of mitochondria drives the exhaustion of T cells, study shows In the immune system's fight against cancer and infections, the T cells often lose their power. The team of Würzburg immunologist Martin Vaeth has found a possible explanation for this phenomenon.
	Study provides insights into early breast cancer development in individuals with BRCA2 mutations A pioneering study led by Professor Ashok Venkitaraman from the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore (CSI Singapore) at the National University of Singapore and Dr. Mona Shehata from the University of Cambridge (UK) has uncovered vital insights into the distinct effects of BRCA2 mutations on breast tissue cells, shedding light on early breast cancer development in people with BRCA2 mutations.
	Circuit-specific gene therapy brings new hope for treatment of Parkinson's disease Researchers from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and their collaborators have developed a gene therapy strategy to selectively manipulate Parkinson's disease-affected circuitry and attenuate the core motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease in rodent and nonhuman primate animals.
	Practicing mindfulness can help people make heart-healthy eating choices, new study shows Practicing mindfulness focused on healthy eating can be good for the heart, a new study shows, because it improves self-awareness and helps people stick to a heart-healthy diet.
	Study provides preliminary evidence in favor of a new type 1 diabetes treatment Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes the body's immune system to attack and destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Traditional management of type 1 diabetes has primarily involved replacing the missing insulin with injections which, though effective, can be expensive and burdensome.
	New branch of oncology, cancer neuroscience, offers hope for hard-to-treat brain tumors Cancer cells hijack normal biological processes, allowing them to multiply. For example, tumors spur construction of new blood vessels, building themselves "highways" to supply nutrients. Researchers have known about cancer's blood vessel infiltration for decades, but it was only in the past few years that Stanford Medicine scientists and their colleagues discovered that tumors don't just tap the body's highway system; they can also infiltrate and exploit its "telecommunications."
	Less physical activity in adolescence likely rooted in biology, says study The slowdown of physical activity during adolescence is not likely caused by lifestyle and environment but by energy demands placed on the body as it grows and sexually matures, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
	Novel approach promises significant advance in treating autoimmune brain inflammation Researchers at DZNE and Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin have pioneered a novel treatment for the most common autoimmune encephalitis. By reprogramming white blood cells to target and eliminate disease-causing cells, the approach offers a new level of precision and efficiency. The technique has proven successful in laboratory studies, clinical trials in humans are already being planned.
	'Metabolic elasticity': New screening strategy, possible means to curb metabolic decline in aging and obesity Scientists from Duke-NUS Medical School, in collaboration with counterparts from Columbia University, have developed a new framework to measure metabolic health. The concept of "metabolic elasticity" paints a more comprehensive picture of how the body reacts to changes in the availability of food and how efficiently the food is converted into energy. Their findings, published in Cell Metabolism, provide novel perspectives to develop new ways of screening for metabolic health.
	Research identifies signaling mechanism that suppresses depressive symptoms caused by daily stress Professor Hyun Kim and his team from the Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, have identified the inherent mechanism that suppresses the induction of depressive symptoms caused by stress through research on the control of the neural network of trace amines in the lateral habenula and the analysis of depressive behaviors.
	Clinical trial suggests fecal transplants may protect transplant patients against multi-drug-resistant organisms A team of infectious disease researchers at the Emory University School of Medicine, working with colleagues from the Georgia Institute of Technology, has found via clinical trial that fecal transplants after kidney transplantation reduce the susceptibility of patients to infections by multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs).
	Investigation raises concerns over 'cozy relationship' between the FDA and Moderna An investigation published by The BMJ raises concerns about a revolving door culture between the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Moderna after two regulators who held oversight roles for COVID vaccines went to work for the company.
	Researchers reveal mechanisms of alarmin release at an early stage of immune reaction Many common diseases such as arteriosclerosis and diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's are associated with inflammatory processes. A better understanding of these processes is therefore an important building block for the development of new therapeutic options.
	The role of the epigenome in cancer revealed in new study For decades, scientists have been sequencing the DNA of many cancer types, identifying errors in the genetic code to help understand the formation of tumors, how they grow and what leads to their spread. But sometimes cancer is driven by subtle changes in the way the genetic code is executed, rather than by mistakes in the code itself. This layer of regulation is called the epigenome.
	Researchers uncover new targets for breast cancers resistant to standard therapies Researchers at MUSC Hollings Cancer Center believe that some drugs already approved by the FDA or currently in clinical trials could be repurposed for certain breast cancer patients whose cancer has become resistant to standard therapies.
	Development of a retina-like biochip could help implants fuse better with the body The fusion of man and machine is the epitome of a science fiction narrative. In real life, the first steps towards such cyborgs have long been taken: people have pacemakers to treat arrhythmias or cochlear implants to improve hearing, and retinal implants help people who are almost blind to see at least a little.
	Colorectal cancer: Aspirin found to activate protective genes LMU researchers have identified a signaling pathway by which aspirin can inhibit colorectal cancer.
	At least 14% of Americans have long COVID, research suggests One in seven people in the US reported having had long COVID by the end of 2022, suggests a large-scale investigation of long COVID and symptom prevalence by academics at UCL and Dartmouth.
	Good news, bad news on dental pain care seen in new study Americans who have a tooth pulled or another painful dental procedure in the United States today are far less likely to get opioid painkillers than they were just a few years ago, a new study shows.
	RNA fragment creates prospect for new atherosclerosis therapies Atherosclerosis is considered a frequent cause of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. Despite medical progress, case numbers are constantly rising. Targeted new therapeutic approaches are therefore more important than ever.
	Researchers find languages can acquire new color concepts after exposure to other languages The human eye can perceive about 1 million colors, but languages have far fewer words to describe those colors. So-called basic color terms, single color words used frequently by speakers of a given language, are often employed to gauge how languages differ in their handling of color. Languages spoken in industrialized nations such as the United States, for example, tend to have about a dozen basic color terms, while languages spoken by more isolated populations often have fewer.
	Unraveling the mysteries of the brain with the help of a worm Do we really know how the brain works? In the last several decades, scientists have made great strides in understanding this fantastically complex organ. Scientists now know a great deal about the brain's cellular neurobiology and have learned much about the brain's neural connections, and the components that make up these connections. Despite this, a whole host of important questions remain unanswered, and consequently, the brain continues to be one of science's great, tantalizing mysteries.
	New study calls into question the superiority of stem cell therapy for treating knee pain Characterized by extensive damage to joints and debilitating pain, osteoarthritis (OA) impacts millions of people worldwide and has long posed a substantial clinical and economic burden.
	Researchers develop gene editing approaches for phenylketonuria treatment Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare newborn genetic disease that impacts between 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 20,000 people, depending on the individuals' genetic ancestry. PKU causes an amino acid—called phenylalanine (Phe)—to build up in the bloodstream. Uncontrolled PKU can lead to intellectual disability, psychiatric issues, and seizures. While current therapies can partially improve outcomes, they require meticulous, lifelong compliance that is very difficult for most patients.
	Alternative antibiotic selection can reduce the risk of health care-associated infections for patients with pneumonia A new study published today in the American Journal of Infection Control (AJIC) reveals that the use of doxycycline may help protect against Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection for some patients with pneumonia.
	Survey finds most Americans are unaware of many signs that someone is having a seizure If you've ever seen a movie or TV show in which a character has a seizure, you probably have a fairly standard mental picture of someone falling to the ground in full body convulsions while foaming at the mouth. But that doesn't necessarily reflect reality. A new national survey by Orlando Health finds that while most Americans recognize those classic symptoms of what's called a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, the majority fail to recognize the subtle signs, all of which can be dangerous and have a profound impact on the lives of those suffering from them.
	Brain health in those over age 50 deteriorated more rapidly during the pandemic, new research finds Brain health in people over age 50 deteriorated more rapidly during the pandemic, even if they didn't have COVID-19, according to major new research linking the pandemic to sustained cognitive decline.
	London's Low Emission Zones improve air quality, health, and people's well-being, says new analysis The introduction of London's Low Emission Zone (LEZ) in 2008 and subsequent Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) from 2019 has significantly improved air quality, benefiting Londoners' physical and mental health, according to new analysis from the Department of Economics at the University of Bath.
	Test detects co-infection by novel species of parasite in severe cases of visceral leishmaniasis In recent years, physicians and scientists in parts of Brazil where visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic have seen rising numbers of cases of co-infection by Leishmania infantum and Crithidia, also a protozoan but hitherto believed to be a mosquito parasite that cannot infect humans or other mammals. Accurate diagnosis is hindered by a lack of simple specific tests.
	While fewer Americans have high cholesterol, too many still do Despite progress in recent decades, too many Americans still have dangerously high LDL cholesterol levels, and about a quarter don't even know it, new research finds.
	FDA advisors say new gene therapy for sickle cell disease is safe A new gene therapy for sickle cell disease has been deemed safe by a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel, paving the way for full approval by early December 2023.
	Study shows landiolol does not reduce organ failure in septic shock patients with tachycardia An infusion of landiolol does not reduce organ failure among patients with septic shock with tachycardia, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in the Journal of the American Medical Association to coincide with the annual congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, held from Oct. 21 to 25 in Milan.
	Higher risk of breast cancer in women following false positive mammography result Women who receive a false positive mammography result are more likely to develop breast cancer over the subsequent 20 years, report researchers from Karolinska Institutet in a study, "Breast cancer incidence after a false-positive mammography result," published in JAMA Oncology. The risk is highest for women aged between 60 and 75 and who have low breast density.
	A 'manganese bullet' targeting cardiovascular disease? Research finds potential therapy for intensive lipid lowering Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continue to rank as the top killer in the modern world. This deadly disorder often starts with the buildup of lipid deposits or plaques within the blood vessel, silently setting the stage for atherosclerosis. Rupture of these atherosclerotic plaques, however, could clot blood vessels and lead to life-threatening conditions including heart attack or stroke.
	Clinical intervention directed at social risks does not increase experiences of discrimination, finds study A growing recognition of the health impact of social risks—such as food insecurity and homelessness—has prompted researchers, health care providers and policymakers to consider ways to address these risk factors as part of holistic clinical care. However, some health care providers worry the same interventions designed to help patients and families with social risks might also make them feel singled out or like they are otherwise stigmatized.
	Teenagers are most likely to seek help for anxiety or depression at the start of the school year, finds study Teenagers are more likely to visit their GP about depression and anxiety at the start of the school year in the autumn, according to new research led by experts from the University of Nottingham.
	Large-scale study finds increased risk of stillbirth following infection with COVID-19 A large-scale Nordic study reveals that women infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy had increased risk of stillbirth. The risk was highest among women infected with the delta variant.
	New clues to the mechanism behind treatment-resistant depression Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread mental health condition that for many is disabling. It has long been appreciated that MDD has genetic as well as environmental influences. In a new study in Biological Psychiatry researchers identify a gene that interacted with stress to mediate aspects of treatment-resistant MDD in an animal model.
	What is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing? And can EMDR help children recover from trauma? Childhood traumatic experiences are common. Almost one in three (32%) Australians reported being physically abused as a child, 31% experienced emotional abuse, 28.5% were victims of sexual abuse and 9% were neglected. Some 40% of Australians were exposed to domestic violence against a parent.
	Researchers: Our children are victims of road violence—we need to talk about the deadly norms of car use The deaths and injuries caused by car drivers are an everyday occurrence. This road violence has become normalized. We take it for granted as the price we have to pay to use our cars.
	The best techniques for being a cricket fast bowler, according to science Twenty years ago, Shoaib Akhtar became the first person recorded to bowl at 100mph (161km per hour) during the 2003 One-Day International Men's World Cup match for Pakistan against England. There was an expectation afterwards that this feat would become a regular occurrence.
	Five counterintuitive ways scientists are approaching cancer research to improve treatment and prevention How researchers conceptualize a disease informs how they treat it. Cancer is often described as uncontrollable cell growth triggered by genetic damage. But cancer can also be seen from angles that emphasize mathematics, evolutionary game theory and physics, among others.
	Endometriosis afflicts millions of women, but few people feel comfortable talking about it Endometriosis causes physical, sexual and emotional pain. About 190 million people around the globe have endometriosis, including one in 10 American women, but there has historically been a deafening silence about the disease and the pervasive impact it can have on a person's life.
	Researcher has studied time for 15 years—here's how her perception of it has changed Time is one of those things that most of us take for granted. We spend our lives portioning it into work-time, family-time and me-time. Rarely do we sit and think about how and why we choreograph our lives through this strange medium. A lot of people only appreciate time when they have an experience that makes them realize how limited it is.
	Being bilingual slows brain aging and can prevent Alzheimer's, researcher says Humans are organized into around 200 nations, yet there are roughly 6,000 languages in existence. It therefore seems obvious that bilingualism is much more common than many of us might assume. This is an increasingly visible fact that appears to undermine the predominant model of "one state, one language," a consequence of unifying previously distinct regions and cultures into larger nations.
	50-year forecast offers hope for HIV and cancer patients and predicts climate change to increasingly set agenda The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we think about health and revealed significant flaws within our health care systems. It has also raised questions about the role of technology, as well as ethical concerns about the distribution of wealth and its impact on global health. How will this collective awakening that we have experienced influence the coming years and decades? This was the subject of our research on the future of medicine.
	Adolescents who have a sense of purpose are happier and healthier. How can we help? Helping young people develop a sense of purpose in life could build their resilience and prevent declines in mental health, according to a report released Nov. 1 by the National Scientific Council on Adolescence, part of the UCLA Center for the Developing Adolescent.
	Study gauges support for restricting alcohol in kids' films Alcohol exposure is common in popular films and research has demonstrated a link between alcohol exposure and use. Currently, only alcohol marketing in films is regulated—but not alcohol exposure, such as seeing an alcoholic beverage.
	Study shows emotions often defeat sense in health care priority setting Emotions tend to get the upper hand in health care decisions. This is shown in a study at Linköping University, Sweden, where participants were faced with tough choices between different treatments. The results may explain why effective use of health care resources is so slow in the making, according to the researchers.
	In Kenya, emotional violence, mental health found as key obstacles to lifesaving HIV treatments for young females In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death for adolescent girls and young women, antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatments are critical to saving lives and preventing the disease from spreading. Yet many HIV-positive teenage girls and young women don't stick with these life-saving treatments.
	Research examines why mask usage in Japan persists When you think of Japan in the age of COVID, you might imagine a crowd of people wearing masks. But why do so many Japanese people wear masks?
	How organs of male and female mammals differ The development of sex-specific characteristics is frequently seen in mammals. These characteristics stem from the activation of corresponding genetic programs that until now have been largely undescribed by the scientific community.
	An MRI-equipped ambulance: A game-changer for stroke care? In the U.S., someone has a stroke every 40 seconds and dies from it every three minutes and 14 seconds, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When it comes to stroke, experts echo the fact that time is brain. Faster treatment translates to better outcomes, and certain treatments, like the clot-busting drug tPA, have a strict time window for administration.
	Methadone access becomes flashpoint in fight over opioid crisis The five Massachusetts opioid treatment clinics where Ruth Potee works bend over backward to make methadone treatment easy and accessible for the people they serve. But Potee worries it isn't enough.
	Thalidomide cuts recurrent bleeding in small-intestinal angiodysplasia, finds study For patients with recurrent bleeding due to small-intestinal angiodysplasia (SIA), thalidomide treatment results in a reduction in bleeding, according to a study published in the Nov. 2 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Height scaling power of 1 for skeletal muscle index computation supported For computation of the skeletal muscle index (SMI), calculated as skeletal muscle area (SMA) at L3 divided by patient height squared, a height scaling power of 1 seems better than 2, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in the American Journal of Roentgenology.
	Skin diseases pose a psychosocial burden Skin diseases can cause a psychosocial burden and feelings of stigmatization, according to a study published online Oct. 8 in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
	Experts say consumers should check caffeine content of drinks to avoid side effects Many people kick off their day with a large cup of coffee or two, but the amount of caffeine actually coming in these drinks is not so clear-cut.
	AI tackles the ABCD of skin cancer New research from India has shown how machine learning, colloquially known as artificial intelligence or AI, could improve the early detection of skin cancer. Given that the incidence of skin cancer is on the rise, the work, published in the International Journal of Nanotechnology, could have significant implications for early intervention, treatment, and ultimately improved prognosis.
	Vaping by high school students dropped this year, says US report Fewer high school students are vaping this year, the government reported Thursday.
	Smart phone application to increase safety in liver surgery Surgical removal of parts of the liver remains the only curative approach for patients with liver-specific cancer. An international team led by Patrick Starlinger from MedUni Vienna has developed a score that provides an individualized risk assessment for patients prior to liver resection, which can significantly increase the safety of liver surgery.
	Study examines the devastating impact of loneliness on autistic people New research has revealed just how acutely autistic people experience loneliness contradicting the stereotype that they avoid seeking meaningful social relationships.
	Q&A: How AI and machine learning can enhance social media as a public health tool Health organizations such as hospitals, medical clinics, pharmaceutical companies and community health centers are increasingly turning to social media to promote their brand and connect with patients by delivering personally tailored content and expanded access to high-quality medical services. Embedding AI-driven tools such as telehealth services, chatbots and modes of remote diagnosis and patient monitoring into these platforms can allow health organizations to optimize their use of social media to improve patient care.
	Training could improve care for diverse population living with auto-immune rheumatologic conditions A health care team has endorsed a new cultural competency training program which could help clinicians better connect with diverse population living with an auto-immune rheumatologic conditions.
	Improving health care in rural areas With long waiting lists, significant journey times, an ever-shrinking number of doctor's practices and the aging population, medical care services in sparsely populated regions are under mounting pressure. As part of its Neighborhood Diagnostics project, the Fraunhofer Center for Digital Diagnostics ZDD is working to develop a digital ecosystem for delivering patient treatment close to where they live in order to ensure that people in rural areas can access high-quality medical care despite the shortage of doctors.
	Simple automated tool prompts physicians to screen patients with diabetes for kidney disease Investigators have implemented an automated health maintenance tool created by the National Kidney Foundation into electronic medical records to prompt primary care physicians to screen for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. The impact of the tool will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023 from November 1–November 5.
	New video game takes a shot at soothing vaccine anxiety in pediatric patients With the chill of the season come the inevitable cold, flu, COVID-19, and other respiratory concerns such as the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), all infectious diseases that can be serious, especially for young children. As health care experts say, vaccines are our superheroes when it comes to protecting people against these highly contagious respiratory illnesses. But for some kids, shots can be as scary as a Halloween spookfest. And one bad experience at a clinic can lead to a fear of vaccines well into adulthood.
	Can AI help boost accessibility? These researchers tested it for themselves Generative artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT, an AI-powered language tool, and Midjourney, an AI-powered image generator, can potentially assist people with various disabilities. These tools could summarize content, compose messages or describe images. Yet the degree of this potential is an open question, since, in addition to regularly spouting inaccuracies and failing at basic reasoning, these tools can perpetuate ableist biases.
	New strategy attacks treatment-resistant lymphomas A surprising mechanism that makes some cancers treatment-resistant has been discovered by Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian investigators. The mechanism, which involves the shuttling of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, ultimately facilitates DNA repair in cancer cells. These cancer cells can thereby thwart treatments aimed at damaging their DNA.
	Bioactive composite supports healing of broken bones A broken bone failing to heal represents an enormous burden for patients, which also often leads to further additional surgeries being required. Fraunhofer researchers have worked alongside partners to develop a composite material to be used in the treatment of such non-union cases.
	Tailor-made implants for patients thanks to simulations using virtual human modeling Patients requiring artificial hip and knee replacements are increasingly younger. Because they are more physically active than older patients, the risk of requiring a second operation is considerably higher. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA are addressing this problem with a new software platform for virtual clinical in silico studies.
	Checking for counterfeit medication using a smartphone When it comes to medication or medical devices sold online, end-users often wonder whether these are real or fake. The SmartID counterfeit-proof barcode system means anyone can use a smartphone to check a product is genuine, provided the manufacturer uses SmartID. It can be authenticated without connecting to a database.
	Piezoceramics help shorten root canal treatments When carrying out root canal treatment procedures, dentists need to insert a file deep into the root canal to remove the inflamed tissue. The rotating file often gets jammed and must be cleaned regularly.
	Sight loss in working-age people is under-researched: Study A new study published in Clinical Ophthalmology has highlighted a lack of clinical research to address the leading causes of severe sight impairment (SSI) among the working-age U.K. population, which costs the U.K. economy an estimated £7.4bn annually.
	How a specific metabolite tells cells whether to repair DNA Metabolites called nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and can impact cancer's sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy and radiation in brain cancer. Findings from researchers at the University of Michigan Health Rogel Cancer Center, published in Cancer Discovery, show how a specific nucleotide metabolite, called GTP, controls responses to radiation and chemotherapy in an unexpected way.
	Researchers identify the mutations that drive resistance to PI3K inhibitors in breast cancer, find they can be overcome Mutations in the PIK3CA gene that lead to elevated production of the PI3Ka protein are among the most frequent alterations found in cancer, including in approximately 40% of hormone receptor–positive breast cancers.
	Researchers create machine learning model to calculate chemotherapy success in patients with osteosarcoma A research team at Johns Hopkins Medicine has created and trained a machine learning model to calculate percent necrosis (PN)—or, what percentage of a tumor is "dead" and no longer active—in patients with osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer. The model's calculation was 85% correct when compared to the results of a musculoskeletal pathologist. Upon removing one outlier, the accuracy rose to 99%.
	Proving the efficacy of local treatment in liver cancer oligometastases Professor Chai Hong Rim of the Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University's Ansan Hospital, along with student Jungsue Lee and Sooyeon Kim of the College of Medicine, Korea University, proved the efficacy of active local treatment such as radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in liver cancer oligometastases (less than 3 to 5 metastatic foci) through a meta-analysis study.
	Different antibiotics' effects on gut microbes may impact hypertensive organ damage New research in rodents indicates that altering gut microbes may affect the development of organ damage associated with hypertension. The findings will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023, November 1–5.
	Wildfire air pollution may increase risks of hospitalization and death among patients on dialysis In analyses of data from western US states, increases in wildfire-related air pollution around dialysis clinics were linked to higher rates of hospitalizations and deaths among patients. The research will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023, November 1–5.
	Are sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors safe for patients with diabetes and cancer? Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have heart- and kidney-related benefits for patients with and without diabetes that go beyond their initial indication for lowering blood sugar levels. In clinical trials, the risk of serious adverse events with SGLT2i has been low, but the safety outcomes of SGLT2i in patients with cancer are unknown.
	Doctors identify health disparities for Indigenous coal miners with black lung disease Researchers at National Jewish Health found that Indigenous coal miners may develop disabling black lung disease but are less likely to qualify for medical benefits using currently required lung function standards rather than standards specific to Indigenous populations.
	Researchers explain how petrochemicals fuel cancer risks A researcher with Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and collaborators have penned a commentary highlighting how petrochemicals are a major contributor to cancer risks, resulting in a profoundly negative impact on overall health.
	Research connecting gut bacteria and oxytocin provides a new mechanism for microbiome-promoted health benefits The gut microbiome, a community of trillions of microbes living in the human intestines, has an increasing reputation for affecting not only gut health but also the health of organs distant from the gut. For most microbes in the intestine, the details of how they can affect other organs remain unclear, but for gut resident bacteria L. reuteri the pieces of the puzzle are beginning to fall into place.
	Researchers detail mechanism of a key protein implicated in age-related brain dysfunction Mount Sinai researchers have shed valuable light on the mechanism of a key protein that regulates the plasticity and function of the hippocampus, a key brain region involved in memory and learning, and that decreases with age in mice.
	Migrants in cities across the US may need medical care. It's not that easy to find All the chairs in the waiting room were filled by dozens of newly arrived migrants waiting to be seen by a Cook County health worker at a clinic in Chicago. Julio Figuera, 43, was among them.
	Medical school on Cherokee reservation will soon send doctors to tribal, rural areas Ashton Glover Gatewood decided to give medical school a second try after learning about a new campus designed for Indigenous students like herself.
	Anti-obesity drugs fatten Novo Nordisk profits Danish drugmaker Novo Nordisk reported Thursday a sharp rise in third quarter sales and profits driven by the success of its anti-diabetes and anti-obesity treatments Ozempic and Wegovy.
	Extreme weather is landing more Australians in hospital—and heat is the biggest culprit Hospital admissions for injuries directly attributable to extreme weather events—such as heat waves, bushfires and storms—have increased in Australia over the past decade.
	Living with COPD November is National COPD Awareness Month, which makes this a good time to learn more about living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
	Automated, cost-effective production of mRNA vaccines as well as cell and gene therapeutics mRNA-based vaccines and gene/cell therapeutics open up new possibilities for medical practitioners in the fight against cancer and infectious or hereditary diseases. However, manufacturing these innovative pharmaceuticals is an expensive and time-consuming process.
	Study analyzes recent global and national trends of atherosclerosis Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally, particularly in the developed countries. Atherosclerosis, which is characterized by a gradual build-up of plaque in the walls of arteries, is a serious cardiovascular condition that can result in ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke (IS), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
	Physicians advocate to combat physicians' moral injury and lift the stigma associated with it Depression, suicidal ideation, burnout, and moral injury are on the rise among physicians working in the US health care system. A collection of articles in the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine (JPRM), addresses the stressors leading to physicians' moral injury among practitioners of pediatric rehabilitation medicine and more broadly among all health care professionals, and provides insightful recommendations for improving health care professionals' mental wellness, emphasizing that "lives may depend on it."
	A survey of transoral robotic mechanisms: Distal dexterity, variable stiffness, and triangulation A review paper by scientists at The Chinese University of Hong Kong summarized the mechanisms related to distal dexterity, variable stiffness (VS), and triangulation in developing transoral robotic surgery (TORS).
	Cross-subject emotion recognition brain-computer interface based on fNIRS and DBJNet Emotion recognition based on neural signals is leading the revolution of affective science. By analyzing brain activity, we can glimpse the secrets of the human inner world. This technology not only helps to understand the nature of emotions, but also offers new possibilities for the field of mental health. Emotion recognition using neural signals will be crucial for addressing anxiety, depression, or enhancing emotional intelligence. It enables us to comprehend how emotions affect our lives and choices.

Other Sciences news

	In measuring how online news influence political views, do mouse clicks speak louder than words? In a polarized country, how much does the media influence people's political views? A new study co-authored by MIT scholars finds the answer depends on people's media preferences—and, crucially, how these preferences are measured.
	Larger-scale warfare may have occurred in Europe 1,000 years earlier than previously thought A re-analysis of more than 300 sets of 5,000-year-old skeletal remains excavated from a site in Spain suggests that many of the individuals may have been casualties of the earliest period of warfare in Europe, occurring over 1,000 years before the previous earliest known larger-scale conflict in the region.
	Study warns restrictions to application programming interfaces by social media platforms threaten research University researchers from the UK, Germany and South Africa warn of a threat to scientific knowledge and the future of research in a paper titled "Platform-controlled social media APIs threaten Open Science" published in Nature Human Behaviour. The paper outlines the implications of changes to social media application programming interfaces (APIs).
	Climate-induced loss is impeding human rights in the Pacific, new study finds Climate change is impeding the human rights of a large group of people living in the Pacific, a new report in Nature Climate Change reveals.
	What makes an ideal main street? This is what shoppers told researchers A lot of dedication and effort goes into making main streets attractive. Local governments, planners, place makers, economic development managers, trade associations and retailers work hard to design, improve and revitalize main streets. The goal is to make them attractive places to increase shopper numbers, provide pleasant places for communities, and boost local economies.
	Attacks on Jews always rise globally when conflict in Israel and Palestine intensifies, researcher says The terrorist attack in Israel on October 7 and the subsequent war in Gaza have led to increased attacks on Jews around the world. This is not a new trend. When conflict happens in Israel and Palestine the result is often rising numbers of attacks and threats.
	Friendship research is getting an update—and that's key for dealing with the loneliness epidemic The benefits of friendship go far beyond having someone to confide in or spend time with—it can also protect you from physical and mental health problems. For example, people with good friends recover more quickly from illnesses and surgeries. They report higher well-being and feel like they live up to their full potential. Additionally, people with good friends report being less lonely across many life stages, including adolescence, becoming a parent and old age.
	American individualism lives on after death, as consumers choose new ways to put their remains to rest Death may be inevitable and universal, but the ways people deal with it most certainly are not. Whether doing Tibetan Buddhist sky burials, attending a graveside service dressed in black or putting one's parents' ashes in the sacred Ganges, each culture has its own ways to deal with death and mourning.
	Gaza bombing adds to the generations of Palestinians displaced from their homes, says researcher An estimated 1.4 million Palestinians have been displaced from their homes since the Israeli military began bombing the Gaza Strip on Oct. 8, 2023, in retaliation for a surprise attack by Hamas militants. Many of these Palestinians have sought refuge in United Nations emergency shelters in a situation the World Health Organization has described as "catastrophic."
	Q&A: Social media is a lot like junk food. Here's how to make healthy choices Last week, Colorado joined more than 30 other states in a landmark lawsuit against Meta, the parent company behind Facebook and Instagram. The states alleged, in part, that the social media juggernaut "ignored the sweeping damage these platforms have caused to the mental and physical health of our nation's youth."
	The impact of AI in history classrooms Teacher education & school improvement faculty members Torrey Trust and Bob Maloy in the College of Education have published an article in a recent issue of an education journal in Australia about educators' challenges in teaching history in the era of artificial intelligence.
	Why Hawaii became a hotbed of legal activism to protect the climate When it comes to mitigating climate change, "yesterday's good enough has become today's unacceptable." That was what judges on Hawaii's Supreme Court ruled earlier this year, in the first US decision to declare a stable climate as an affirmative right.
	Q&A: Don't blame cheating on chatbots The launch of ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots has triggered an alarm for many educators, who worry about students using the technology to cheat by passing its writing off as their own. But two Stanford researchers say that concern is misdirected, based on their ongoing research into cheating among U.S. high school students before and after the release of ChatGPT.
	Critical mathematical thinking skills create more engaged citizens, says expert Improving children's understanding of math helps them develop more balanced decision-making, says a UNSW expert in mathematics education. Using math critically allows us to consider complex personal and socio-political issues, such as health, the economy and the environment, says Professor Kim Beswick, Director of the Gonski Institute and Head of the School of Education at UNSW.
	Customers willing to wait longer for delivery when they shop in store showroom vs. online, finds study Nearly a decade ago, Fei Gao predicted in his research that having online shoppers pick up their purchases at a local store could help retailers head off the so-called "retail apocalypse"—the notion that online shopping would eventually lead to the demise of traditional brick-and-mortar stores.
	Viewpoint: Regulating political misinformation isn't easy, but it's necessary to protect democracy The recent open letter to the prime minister and parliamentarians broke the week-long silence from Indigenous leaders after the country rejected the proposed First Nations Voice to Parliament. The letter emphasized the damage caused by the "lies in political advertising and communication" prevalent in the recent campaign.
	Multimedia is key to distance education: Researcher builds a model South African universities can use Distance education first appeared in the United States in the 1800s. At the time, students received the relevant material through the post and then returned it to the institution.
	Low-income families 'terrified for winter' as inflation stays high, according to research Low-income families continue to be hardest hit by the cost of living crisis as inflation stays high, according to new research from the University of York.
	Warming world, widening gap: Climate change's toll on poverty and inequality in South Africa Scientific evidence shows that climate change is already negatively affecting inequality and poverty, but the extent to which this happens at the micro-level remains relatively unexplored. Investigating the distributional effects of climate change at the micro-level is particularly relevant in low- or middle-income countries, where vulnerable populations are more susceptible to its impacts.

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