Science X Newsletter Mon, Nov 27

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 27, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Reservoir construction may be reducing carbon storage in ocean sediments

The formation of an excitonic Mott insulator state in a moiré superlattice

From underground detectors to cosmic secrets: Exploring dark matter-nucleon interactions

KiDS in the sky: New stellar system discovered by the Kilo-Degree Survey

A tin-based tandem electrocatalyst for the synthesis of ethanol via CO₂ reduction

Creating artistic collages using reinforcement learning

A fullerene-like molecule made entirely of metal atoms

Dynamic bio-interface between mussel tissue and byssus plays important role in quick release

5,200 years of migrations from Mexico to California may be the origin of a mystery language

Astronomers discover the Milky Way's faintest satellite

Study unveils the engagement of different cortical networks while humans are unconscious

CRISPR-powered optothermal nanotweezers

A sensing paw that could improve the ability of legged robots to move on different terrains

More than a meteorite: New clues about the demise of dinosaurs

Understanding charged particles helps physicists simulate element creation in stars

Nanotechnology news

	CRISPR-powered optothermal nanotweezers Optothermal nanotweezers are an innovative optical design method that has revolutionized classical optical techniques to capture a broad range of nanoparticles. While the optothermal temperature field can be employed for in situ regulation of nanoparticles, challenges remain in identifying their potential for regulating bionanoparticles.
	Research advances magnetic graphene for low-power electronics National University of Singapore (NUS) physicists have developed a concept to induce and directly quantify spin splitting in two-dimensional materials. By using this concept, they have experimentally achieved large tunability and a high degree of spin-polarization in graphene. This research achievement can potentially advance the field of two-dimensional (2D) spintronics, with applications for low-power electronics.
	This tiny spinal stimulator could someday have a big impact on paralysis A Johns Hopkins materials scientist and a team of collaborators have developed a tiny device that may hold promise for restoring mobility to those with lower limb paralysis, a condition affecting approximately 1.4 million Americans.
	New platform solves key problems in targeted drug delivery In recent years, cell and gene therapies have shown significant promise for treating cancer, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, heart disease, HIV/AIDS and other difficult-to-treat diseases. But the lack of effective ways to deliver biological treatments into the body has posed a major barrier for bringing these new therapies to the market—and, ultimately, to the patients who need them most.
	The 'jigglings and wigglings of atoms' reveal key aspects of COVID-19 virulence evolution Richard Feynman famously stated, "Everything that living things do can be understood in terms of the jigglings and wigglings of atoms." This week, Nature Nanotechnology features a study that sheds new light on the evolution of the coronavirus and its variants of concern by analyzing the behavior of atoms in the proteins at the interface between the virus and humans.
	Researchers develop photoactivatable nanomedicine for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration Researchers at the LKS Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed), and collaborators from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, have developed a light-activatable prodrug nanomedicine for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) therapy.
	Durable, inexpensive electrocatalyst generates clean hydrogen and oxygen from water A new electrocatalyst made of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) that decreases the amount of energy required to synthesize H2 from water has been manufactured in a simple and cost-effective way, increasing the practicality of H2 as a clean and renewable energy of the future.
	Oral delivery a possibility for silica-based nanocarriers for therapeutics Take a pill, or get a shot? Given the choice, most people would likely go for the former.

Physics news

	The formation of an excitonic Mott insulator state in a moiré superlattice When a negatively charged electron and a positively charged hole in a pair remain bound together following excitation by light, they produce states known as excitons. These states can influence the optical properties of materials, in turn enabling their use for developing various technologies.
	Understanding charged particles helps physicists simulate element creation in stars New research from North Carolina State University and Michigan State University opens a new avenue for modeling low-energy nuclear reactions, which are key to the formation of elements within stars. The research lays the groundwork for calculating how nucleons interact when the particles are electrically charged.
	Researchers describe the journey of thermal antibubbles in a hot bath Bubbles are thin liquid shells surrounded by air. Although less well known, there are also antibubbles, which are the opposite of bubbles, i.e., a thin envelope of vapor surrounded by liquid. In a new study, we show that it is possible to create antibubbles by impacting a droplet of a volatile liquid on a bath of viscous oil heated to a temperature above the droplet's boiling point.
	New insights into broken symmetries: Applying the Lorentz reciprocal theorem to fluids with odd viscosities The Lorentz reciprocal theorem can now be applied to fluids with broken symmetries. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS) in Göttingen have found a way to also accommodate this classical theorem in fluids with odd viscosities. Their discovery opens a new way to explore systems with broken symmetries.
	Experiment shows how water-filled channels crisscrossing multi-crystal ice lead to fractures A combined team of materials scientists and engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and Yale University, has shown via lab experiment, how water-filled channels crisscrossing multi-crystal ice can lead to fractures in materials such as cement and asphalt. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters, the group describes the experiments they conducted with transparent objects, water and silicone, to show how liquid channels in ice can lead to fractures in porous materials.
	Orbital-angular-momentum-encoded diffractive networks for object classification tasks Deep learning has revolutionized the way we perceive and utilize data. However, as datasets grow and computational demands increase, we need more efficient ways to handle, store, and process data. In this regard, optical computing is seen as the next frontier of computing technology. Rather than using electronic signals, optical computing relies on the properties of light waves, such as wavelength and polarization, to store and process data.
	Using the world's three most powerful particle accelerators to reveal the space-time geometry of quark matter Physicists from the Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) have been conducting research on the matter constituting the atomic nucleus utilizing the world's three most powerful particle accelerators. Their focus has been on mapping the "primordial soup" that filled the universe in the first millionth of a second following its inception.
	Limits for quantum computers: Perfect clocks are impossible, research finds There are different ideas about how quantum computers could be built. But they all have one thing in common: you use a quantum physical system—for example, individual atoms—and change their state by exposing them to very specific forces for a specific time. However, this means that in order to be able to rely on the quantum computing operation delivering the correct result, you need a clock that is as precise as possible.
	Study unveils new insights into asymmetric particle collisions A study has been published in Nuclear Science and Techniques, by researchers led by Prof. Hua Zheng from Shaanxi Normal University, heralding a significant breakthrough in high-energy particle physics. This study sheds new light on the behavior of particles in high-energy collisions, an area of research integral to deepening our understanding of the universe's origins.

Earth news

	Reservoir construction may be reducing carbon storage in ocean sediments Carbon storage has been a key focus in recent years to draw down natural and anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide and help the fight against global warming, and particularly focuses on terrestrial forests and soils, as well as wetland mangroves and seagrasses.
	More than a meteorite: New clues about the demise of dinosaurs What wiped out the dinosaurs? A meteorite plummeting to Earth is only part of the story, a new study suggests. Climate change triggered by massive volcanic eruptions may have ultimately set the stage for the dinosaur extinction, challenging the traditional narrative that a meteorite alone delivered the final blow to the ancient giants.
	A new theory to explain the nature of volcanic fountaining A multi-institutional team of Earth scientists, meteorologists, geologists and volcanologists has developed a new theory to explain the nature of volcanic fountaining. In their project, reported in the journal Nature Communications, the group studied the 2021 eruption of the Fagradalsfjall volcano in Iceland, which produced what some have described as spectacular examples of volcanic fountaining.
	Heat, disease, air pollution: How climate change impacts health Growing calls for the world to come to grips with the many ways that global warming affects human health have prompted the first day dedicated to the issue at crunch UN climate talks starting next week.
	Scientists 'fingerprint' methane to track a climate change culprit Methane is the second-most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere, and its emissions have been rapidly—and mysteriously—rising since 2007. Though pervasive, the origin of the colorless compound is tricky to trace, complicating efforts to curb gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet.
	Deoxygenation levels similar to today's played major role in marine extinctions 200 million years ago Scientists have made a surprising discovery that sheds new light on the role that oceanic deoxygenation (anoxia) played in one of the most devastating extinction events in Earth's history. Their finding has implications for current-day ecosystems—and serves as a warning that marine environments are likely more fragile than apparent.
	A method for the early prediction of El Niño events with high hazard potential At irregular intervals, a momentous weather phenomenon called El Niño (Spanish for "Christ Child") occurs in the Pacific. The warm surface water initially driven by the trade winds towards the coasts of Indonesia and eastern Australia then sloshes back eastwards, which can have devastating consequences.
	Extreme rainfall increases exponentially with global warming: Study State-of-the-art climate models drastically underestimate how much extreme rainfall increases under global warming, according to a study published Monday that signals a future of more frequent catastrophic floods unless humanity curbs greenhouse emissions.
	Antarctic ozone hole getting deeper in mid-spring, research suggests The hole in the Antarctic ozone layer has been getting deeper in mid-spring over the last two decades, despite a global ban on chemicals that deplete Earth's shield from deadly solar radiation, new research suggested Tuesday.
	One of world's largest icebergs drifting beyond Antarctic waters after it was grounded for 3 decades One of the world's largest icebergs is drifting beyond Antarctic waters, after being grounded for more than three decades, according to the British Antarctic Survey.
	Experts trash Hong Kong's 'throwaway culture' ahead of plastic ban Unlike her fellow Hong Kong urbanites toting plastic or paper cups filled with coffee, pet groomer Lucine Mo takes her caffeine hit in a thermal mug with a QR code.
	Human rights law demands climate change adaptation, researchers say Continued high emissions of greenhouse gases mean the well-being of all people now depends on profound changes in policies and practices to effect climate change adaptation.
	A new map points at the impacts of rare earth elements A map created by the Debt Observatory in Globalization in collaboration with the EJAtlas of Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), the Institute for Policy Studies and CRAAD-OI Madagascar, documents 28 social and environmental conflicts derived from the extraction, processing and recycling of these minerals.
	Climate adaptation funds are not reaching front-line communities: What needs to be done about it Communities around the world face increasingly severe and frequent impacts from climate change. They are on the "frontlines" of droughts, flooding, desertification and sea level rise.
	Green growth or degrowth: What is the right way to tackle climate change? Nearly all the world's governments and vast numbers of its people are convinced that addressing human-induced climate change is essential if healthy societies are to survive. The two solutions most often proposed go by various names but are widely known as "green growth" and "degrowth." Can these ideas be reconciled? What do both have to say about the climate challenge?
	Q&A: 'We need to act very fast,' says sustainability researcher The effects of climate change are increasingly tangible. Reforms at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) could serve to increase its political clout and thus advance the battle against global warming, argues sustainability researcher Bernd Siebenhüner.
	Collaboration between women helps close the gender gap in ice core science A Perspective article published today in Nature Geoscience tackles the longstanding issue of gender representation in science, focusing on the field of ice core science.
	Black Friday is an environmental nightmare. The Victorians had a much more sustainable approach to fashion Around 46 million people across the UK are expected to have visited their local high street to go shopping over the last weekend in November, encouraged by so-called Black Friday sales. The projected spend in-store and online is forecast to reach close to £9 billion.
	Emergence of collective phenomena in fractured rocks: Exploring the 'more is different' perspective For many decades, the rock mechanics community has been tacitly assumed that a rock mass can be equated to the sum of fractures and intact rocks. Accordingly, the behavior of a rock mass can be understood by decomposing it into smaller pieces and characterizing these pieces completely. However, from the statistical physics point of view, this commonly assumed equation (i.e. rock mass = fractures + intact rocks) is either incorrect or at least incomplete.
	Giant sea salt aerosols found to play major role in Hawai'i's coastal clouds, rain Despite their tiny sizes, aerosols, such as sea salt, dust, and ash, play a giant role in shaping weather and climate. These particles scatter light, act as the starting point for cloud formation, and can even initiate or limit rainfall. A new study from atmospheric scientists at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa has revealed that the coastline can produce up to five times the concentration of giant sea salt aerosols compared to the open ocean and that coastal clouds may contain more of these particles than clouds over the open ocean—affecting cloud formation and rain around the Hawaiian Islands.
	Winter isn't coming: climate change hits Greek olive crop Greek organic farmer Zaharoula Vassilaki looks with admiration at a huge olive tree on her property believed to be over two centuries old, still yielding despite a direct lightning hit years ago.
	We've committed to protect 30% of Australia's land by 2030. Here's how we could actually do it In the mid 1990s, only 7% of Australia's land was protected for conservation. Now, it's more than tripled to 22%.
	Storm leaves thousands without power in Crimea Over 400,000 people in Crimea were left without power on Monday, after hurricane force winds and heavy rains battered the Russian-annexed peninsula over the weekend.
	Smog from major Copenhagen street heads straight into living rooms A large amount of the heavy automobile pollution from Copenhagen's Bispeengbuen thoroughfare goes straight into people's homes, according to a study by researchers at the University of Copenhagen. A sensor developed by one of the researchers can help fill in the blanks of our understanding about local air pollution.
	Calciferous organisms are a good tool in climate research, says scientist The fossil calciferous skeletons of single-celled foraminifers are a beautiful history book with information on CO2-levels in the oceans of the distant past.

Astronomy and Space news

	From underground detectors to cosmic secrets: Exploring dark matter-nucleon interactions In a new study, scientists report results from the PandaX-4T experiment, setting stringent limits on dark matter–nucleon interactions using low-energy data and the Migdal effect, ruling out significant parameter space for a thermal relic dark-matter model.
	KiDS in the sky: New stellar system discovered by the Kilo-Degree Survey Astronomers have discovered a new stellar system in the outskirts of the Milky Way as part of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS). The newfound system, named Sextans II, is most likely an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. The finding is reported in a paper published November 10 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Astronomers discover the Milky Way's faintest satellite By analyzing the images from the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS), an international team of astronomers has discovered a new compact satellite of the Milky Way, which received designation Ursa Major III/UNIONS 1. The newfound object turns out to be the least luminous known satellite of the Milky Way. The finding is reported in a paper published Nov. 16 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Solar storms hit more locally than expected: Current instrument network too sparse, says study A new study shows that there is greater local variation in the impact of solar storms on Earth than previously estimated. Researchers show that the effects can vary widely even over distances as small as 100 kilometers. The findings are published in Scientific Reports.
	Researchers pioneer a new way of searching for dark matter The existence of dark matter is a long-standing puzzle in our universe. Dark matter makes up about a quarter of our universe, yet it does not interact significantly with ordinary matter.
	Groundbreaking method to match celestial objects across telescopes A team of Johns Hopkins researchers has developed a cutting-edge data science approach capable of matching observations of celestial objects taken across multiple telescope surveys, overcoming a significant challenge in modern astronomy.
	Alien haze, cooked in a lab, clears view to distant water worlds Scientists have simulated conditions that allow hazy skies to form in water-rich exoplanets, a crucial step in determining how haziness muddles observations by ground and space telescopes.
	Tracking an errant space rocket to a mysterious crater on the moon In March 2022, a defunct part of a space rocket hurled toward the moon's surface and impacted near the Hertzsprung Crater, an enormous impact feature on the far side of the moon that is never directly visible from Earth.
	NASA feels a 'sense of urgency' to get to Mars: Idaho scientists could help us get there China has repeatedly stunned the U.S. intelligence community in the last five years with rapid progress in its space exploration program, landing a rover on the far side of the moon and completing its very own space station orbiting Earth.
	Vera Rubin Observatory will find binary supermassive black holes: Here's how When galaxies merge, we expect them to produce binary black holes (BBHs.) BBHs orbit one another closely, and when they merge, they produce gravitational waves that have been detected by LIGO-Virgo. The upcoming Vera Rubin Observatory should be able to find them before they merge, which would open a whole new window into the study of galaxy mergers, supermassive black holes, binary black holes, and gravitational waves.
	What would happen to Earth if a rogue star came too close? Stars are gravitationally fastened to their galaxies and move in concert with their surroundings. But sometimes, something breaks the bond. If a star gets too close to a supermassive black hole, for example, the black hole can expel it out into space as a rogue star.
	Dark matter could help solve the final parsec problem of black holes When galaxies collide, their supermassive black holes enter into a gravitational dance, gradually orbiting each other ever closer until eventually merging. We know they merge because we see the gravitational beasts that result, and we have detected the gravitational waves they emit as they inspiral. But the details of their final consummation remain a mystery. Now a new paper published on the pre-print server arXiv suggests part of that mystery can be solved with a bit of dark matter.
	Where are all the double planets? A recent study published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society examines formation mechanisms for how binary planets—two large planetary bodies orbiting each other—can be produced from a type of tidal heating known as tidal dissipation, or the energy that is shared between two planetary bodies as the orbit close to each other, which the Earth and our moon experiences.
	JWST reveals protoplanetary disks in a nearby star cluster The Orion Nebula is a favorite among stargazers. It's a giant stellar nebula out of which, hot young stars are forming. Telescopically to the eye it appears as a gray/green haze of wonderment but cameras reveal the true glory of these star forming regions. The sun was once part of such an object and astronomers have been probing their secrets for decades.
	Next-generation space telescopes could use deformable mirrors to image Earth-sized worlds Observing distant objects is no easy task, thanks to our planet's thick and fluffy atmosphere. As light passes through the upper reaches of our atmosphere, it is refracted and distorted, making it much harder to discern objects at cosmological distances (billions of light years away) and small objects in adjacent star systems like exoplanets.
	PUNCH mission advances toward 2025 launch On November 17, 2023, the Polarimeter to UNify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission achieved an important milestone, passing its internal system integration review and clearing the mission to start integrating its four observatories. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) leads PUNCH, a NASA Small Explorer (SMEX) mission that will integrate understanding of the sun's corona, the outer atmosphere visible during total solar eclipses, with the "solar wind" that fills and defines the solar system. SwRI is also building the spacecraft and three of its five instruments.

Technology news

	A tin-based tandem electrocatalyst for the synthesis of ethanol via CO₂ reduction The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into various multi-carbon products is highly desirable, as it could help to easily produce useful chemicals for a wide range of applications. Most existing catalysts to facilitate CO2 reduction are based on copper (Cu), yet the processes underpinning their action remain poorly understood.
	Creating artistic collages using reinforcement learning Researchers at Seoul National University have recently tried to train an artificial intelligence (AI) agent to create collages (i.e., artworks created by sticking various pieces of materials together), reproducing renowned artworks and other images. Their proposed model was introduced in a paper pre-printed on arXiv and presented at ICCV 2023 in October.
	A sensing paw that could improve the ability of legged robots to move on different terrains Legged robots that artificially replicate the body structure and movements of animals could efficiently complete missions in a wide range of environments, including various outdoor natural settings. To do so, however, these robots should be able to walk on different terrains, such as soil, sand, grass, and so on, without losing balance, getting stuck or falling over.
	Development of a high flow rate cantilever fan Cantilever fans move air through a flapping action, similar to hand-fans. Commercially available, they are combined with a piezoelectric bender, which provides their motive force. These fans are low noise, low power and have a low flow rate. They have a useful niche for increasing the cooling of electronics beyond that of natural convection, without requiring high flow rate.
	New method uses crowdsourced feedback to train robots To teach an AI agent a new task, like how to open a kitchen cabinet, researchers often use reinforcement learning—a trial-and-error process where the agent is rewarded for taking actions that get it closer to the goal.
	Study shows how wind and solar projects could profit from bitcoin mining Bitcoin mining is often perceived as environmentally damaging because it uses huge amounts of electricity to power its intensive computing needs, but a new study demonstrates how wind and solar projects can profit from bitcoin mining during the pre-commercial development phase—when a wind or solar farm is generating electricity, but has not yet been integrated into the grid.
	Study shows ChatGPT writes better school essays than students In a study published in Scientific Reports, a research team from the University of Passau compared the quality of machine-generated content with essays written by secondary school students. The upshot: The AI-based chatbot performed better across all criteria, especially when it came to language mastery.
	Study: Immersive engagement in mixed reality can be measured with reaction time In the real world/digital world cross-over of mixed reality, a user's immersive engagement with the program is called presence. Now, UMass Amherst researchers are the first to identify reaction time as a potential presence measurement tool. Their findings, published in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, have implications for calibrating mixed reality to the user in real time.
	Self-healing robotic gripper could be the future of sustainable soft robotics Researchers have developed a self-healing robotic gripper for use in soft robotics that is adaptable, recyclable and resilient to damage, thanks to heat-assisted autonomous healing.
	Defending your voice against deepfakes Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have spurred developments in realistic speech synthesis. While this technology has the potential to improve lives through personalized voice assistants and accessibility-enhancing communication tools, it also has led to the emergence of deepfakes, in which synthesized speech can be misused to deceive humans and machines for nefarious purposes.
	Next generation semiconductors: Diamond device shows highest breakdown voltage To reach the world's goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, there must be a fundamental change in electronic materials to create a more reliable and resilient electricity grid. A diamond might be a girl's best friend, but it might also be the solution needed to sustain the electrification of society needed to reach carbon neutrality in the next 30 years.
	Inside two mining operations turning Texas power into crypto profits Amid the loud fans and a towering wall of supercomputers, a digital gold rush is taking place in Texas.
	New research sheds light on enhanced performance of thin-film VCSELs on composite metal substrate Researchers led by Prof. Ray-Hua Horng, a leading expert in semiconductor device technology at Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, Taiwan, China have published a research paper titled "Study on the performance of thin-film VCSELs on composite metal substrate" in the journal Frontiers of Optoelectronics. This work introduces innovative methods that are poised to reshape the landscape of semiconductor technology.
	New method verifies carbon capture in concrete Carbon capture is essential to reduce the impact of human carbon dioxide emissions on our climate. Researchers at the University of Tokyo and Nagoya University in Japan have developed a method to confirm whether carbon in concrete originates from the raw materials, or from carbon in the air which has been trapped when it reacts with the concrete to form the mineral calcium carbonate. The work has been published in the Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology.
	Recycling cigarette waste to produce green fuel Stricter environmental norms and fossil fuel pollution call for cleaner fuels such as biodiesel. This vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel is biodegradable—up to four times faster than petroleum diesel—and nontoxic.
	Why public policy must adjust to new energy source preference Support for renewable energy sources such as solar and wind is linked to a belief that climate change will be catastrophic, while supporters of nuclear power tend to be less concerned about climate risks, says a study from the Energy Policy Research Group at Cambridge Judge Business School.
	Green Climate Fund fails to strengthen private sector engagement, finds study The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is the world's largest dedicated multilateral climate fund, and aims to support climate mitigation and adaptation efforts in developing countries. Mobilizing financial resources from the private sector is an important priority for the donor countries backing the GCF. However, so far the GCF has underperformed in this respect.
	Casual, distant, aesthetically limited: Five ways smartphone photography is changing how we see the world Smartphones are a staple of modern life and are changing how we see the world and show it to others. Almost 90% of Aussies own one, and we spend an average of 5.6 hours using them each day. Smartphones are also responsible for more than 90% of all the photographs made this year.
	Overhead vs underground: Rewiring Australia for renewable energy goals A new report by Curtin University and The University of Queensland has provided insights into the trade-offs between overhead and underground transmission lines and the challenges of expanding Australia's grid for renewable energy initiatives.
	New study shows how heat can be used in computing Physicists at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) and Central South University in China have demonstrated that, by combining specific materials, heat in technical devices can be used in computing. Their discovery is based on extensive calculations and simulations. The new approach demonstrates how heat signals can be steered and amplified for use in energy-efficient data processing. The team's research findings have been published in the journal Advanced Electronic Materials.
	Google will start deleting 'inactive' accounts in December. Here's what you need to know Have a Google account you haven't used in a while? If you want to keep it from disappearing, you should sign in before the end of the week.
	VW weighs staff reductions as electric shift stalls German car giant Volkswagen on Monday said that it was considering staff reductions, possibly in the form of early retirement, to help it meet vital cost-cutting targets imposed in its sputtering transition to electromobility.
	Can AI push the boundaries of privacy and reach the subconscious mind? Influencing the U.S. election or the U.K.'s political future by using a combination of the personal information posted on Facebook by millions of people and powerful data analysis technology—it wasn't that long ago that this would have seemed like something out of a sci-fi novel, but the 2018 Cambridge Analytica scandal proved that it can happen and that, as a result of advancing technology and machine intelligence, we are now facing fundamental dilemmas that we never had to think about before.
	Advances in characterization and evaluation of oil shale based on terahertz spectroscopy The current understanding of the oil generation potential of oil shale and the dynamic process of organic matter pyrolysis is still unclear, leading to the relatively slow progress in its development technology. Due to characteristics such as fingerprint property, low energy, penetration, and broadband, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as an emerging evaluation method in the field of oil and gas resources has demonstrated research and application value in multiple aspects.
	An ultra-thin tattoo that gives a tactile sensation An ultra-thin wearable device capable of reproducing the localized sensation of touch had been developed at the Center for Materials Interfaces of the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (Italian Institute of Technology, IIT), in Pontedera, Italy. The technology is described in a recent paper published in the journal Advanced Electronic Materials.
	A graphical diagnostics tool for high-speed railway internet connectivity As the high-speed railway network in China extends beyond 40,000 kilometers, maintaining seamless internet connectivity for passengers is becoming increasingly challenging. The demand for consistent and reliable online access is particularly crucial for travelers who spend extended hours on trains, relying on the expectation of undisturbed work, study, or entertainment. Addressing this need, a team of researchers from the School of Computer Science at Peking University has developed "HiMoDiag"—an innovative tool designed to enhance the understanding and management of network performance in extremely high-mobility scenarios.
	Tensor networks: Enhancing interpretability and efficiency in quantum-inspired machine learning Deep machine learning has achieved remarkable success in various fields of artificial intelligence, but achieving both high interpretability and high efficiency simultaneously remains a critical challenge. Shi-Ju Ran of Capital Normal University and Gang Su of the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have reviewed an innovative approach based on tensor networks, drawing inspiration from quantum mechanics. This approach offers a promising solution to the long-standing challenge of reconciling interpretability and efficiency in deep machine learning.
	Pentagon's AI initiatives accelerate hard decisions on lethal autonomous weapons. Artificial intelligence employed by the U.S. military has piloted pint-sized surveillance drones in special operations forces' missions and helped Ukraine in its war against Russia. It tracks soldiers' fitness, predicts when Air Force planes need maintenance and helps keep tabs on rivals in space.
	'Get Ready With Me': Video genre that focuses on everyday life is everywhere—and not slowing down "Get Ready with Me"—to go on a date, go to work or ... get fired? "Get Ready with Me" videos are everywhere these days, and they're as straightforward as the name suggests. Social media users, often influencers, invite viewers to watch them get ready to do something or go somewhere. And embedded in the storyline are the skin care, the makeup, the hairdo and all the glam that goes into looking hot—and, of course, the personal stories about life or love that arrest your attention.
	Struggling cities face more pain from AI boom Artificial intelligence is likely to transform our world in many ways, but one that hasn't received much attention is the technology's looming impact on real estate. As AI becomes an essential component of both business and daily life, the value of places where those who work on AI want to live will rise, provided these locales have reasonable infrastructure. At the same time, the value of lower-tier cities left out of the AI boom will diminish.
	BIM-based digital collaboration platform, initiating construction digitalization A Korean research team has developed a BIM-based digital collaboration platform that allows construction owners and engineers to collaborate with each other on digital design tasks.
	Cyber Monday marks the year's biggest online shopping day, and one more chance to save on gifts Consumers are scouring the internet for online deals as they begin to cap off the five-day post-Thanksgiving shopping bonanza with Cyber Monday.
	Seeing 3D images through the eyes of AI Image recognition technology has come a long way since 2012 when a group of computer scientists at the University of Toronto created a convolutional neural network (CNN)—dubbed "AlexNet" after its creator Alex Krizhevsky—that correctly identified images much better than others. Its findings have propelled successful use of CNNs in related fields such as video analysis and pattern recognition, and now researchers are now focusing on 3D deep learning networks.
	UK police to trial new forensic footwear identification process Forensic experts in the U.K. are taking new steps to identify criminals caught on CCTV using the shoes they are wearing.

Chemistry news

	A fullerene-like molecule made entirely of metal atoms A small team of chemists from Nankai University, Nanjing Tech University and Shanxi University, all in China, working with a colleague from Universidad San Sebastián, in Chile, has, for the first time, created a fullerene-like molecule made entirely of metal atoms.
	Dynamic bio-interface between mussel tissue and byssus plays important role in quick release A team of chemists at McGill University, working with a colleague from Charité-Universitätsmedizin, in Germany, has uncovered part of the process used by mussels to bind to rocks and to quickly release from them when conditions warrant.
	Molecular cooperation at the threshold of life Protein-like aggregates known as amyloids can bind to molecules of genetic material. It is possible that these two types of molecules stabilized each other during the development of life—and that this might even have paved the way for the genetic code.
	A new approach to the sensible use of carbon dioxide from car exhaust gases Using impure CO2 from car exhaust, the team of Prof. Dr. Shoubik Das, Chair of Organic Chemistry I at the University of Bayreuth, presents a cost-effective synthetic route for γ-lactams. γ-Lactam is an organic chemical compound, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. This means that CO2, which is frequently produced anyway, can be put to good use. Valuable chemicals and pharmaceuticals can be combined with this CO2. The paper is published in the journal Nature Communications.
	Researchers use AI to increase the high-temperature strength of nickel–aluminum alloys A materials research team consisting of NIMS and Nagoya University has designed a novel two-step thermal aging schedule (i.e., non-isothermal aging or unconventional heat treatment) capable of fabricating nickel-aluminum (Ni-Al) alloys that are stronger at high temperatures than Ni-Al alloys fabricated using conventional thermal aging processes.
	New fluorescence-based methods for fast and accessible light intensity measurements Accurate measurements of light intensity provide vital data for scientists and everyday applications. For example, precise values help optimize microscopy signals, trigger physiological processes in the brain, and drive light-absorbing reactions while enabling different research teams to share and reproduce experimental results.
	Researchers hijack solar cell technology to develop a simple spray test for lead AMOLF researchers have used the special properties of perovskite semiconductors to develop a simple spray test to demonstrate the presence of lead. Perovskite is a material suitable for use in LEDs and solar cells, for example. A lead-containing surface shines bright green when it is sprayed with the test. This test is 1,000 times more sensitive than existing tests and the researchers found no false positive or false negative results. The study was published on November 27 in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
	All-weather solar-powered CO₂ utilization achieved by mimicking natural photosynthesis In a study published in National Science Review, researchers from the Institute of Earth Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), together with collaborators, have used the charge storage mechanism of tungsten-based nanomaterials for all-weather carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion.
	High-valence metal-doped amorphous IrOx as stable electrocatalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction Hydrogen has been regarded as a potential energy carrier instead of fossil fuels, addressing energy demand and environmental issues. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), with its high energy density, elevated hydrogen purity, and rapid system response, is considered an ideal and sustainable approach to produce green hydrogen. Thus, it could be an effective solution to mitigate the intermittency and volatility of renewable energies and benefit their large-scale application.

Biology news

	The way a sperm tail moves can be explained by mathematics worked out by Alan Turing Alan Turing might be best know for his work helping to crack Germany's "Enigma" communications code during the second world war. But he also came up with a theory where patterns can form just through chemical compounds spreading out (diffusing) and reacting with one another. This became known as reaction-diffusion theory for pattern formation.
	Why does puberty trigger us to stop growing? All animals start out as a single-celled organism and then start growing. At some point, of course, they need to stop getting bigger, but the process by which this happens is poorly understood.
	Unlocking long-term genetic memory: Dormant bacterial spores offer key insights into evolutionary survival strategies A recent study spearheaded by Prof. Sigal Ben Yehuda and her team at Hebrew University has unveiled a captivating facet of bacterial dormancy. Their research illuminates the mechanism through which dormant bacterial spores uphold and activate an enduring transcriptional program upon revival, showcasing an extraordinary genetic memory system.
	Pocket-sized DNA sequencers track malaria drug resistance in Ghana in near real-time Scientists have developed a technique to rapidly and reliably detect genetic changes in malaria parasites in Ghana, using just a gaming laptop and portable MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore.
	Silk lines help pirate spiders trick, capture eight-legged prey Headlamps alone illuminated the trail bisecting the Costa Rican rainforest. Having waded the black of the Tirimbina reserve so often before, Gilbert Barrantes, Laura Segura Hernández and Diego Solano Brenes knew the routine.
	Stones inside fish ears mark time like tree rings. How they're helping us learn about climate change As a marine biologist, I've always found it fascinating to learn about how animals adapt to their habitat. But climate change has made it more important than ever—wild animals' futures may depend on how much we understand about them.
	Study is the first to document dialect differences in a parrot across its European range In the 50 years since monk parakeets arrived in Europe and spread across the continent, the species has developed distinct dialects that vary across countries and cities, according to a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institutes of Animal Behavior in Konstanz and for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
	Team discovers protein crucial for B cell differentiation and antibodies A cell nucleus is a busy place. Cellular proteins twist and pull DNA, folding the genome into intricate 3D structures that support functioning of its coding parts.
	Study show extracellular vesicles can also deliver messages from non-human cells Messenger bubbles produced by human cells can pick up bacterial products and deliver them to other cells, University of Connecticut researchers report in the Nov. 16 issue of Nature Cell Biology. The discovery may explain a key mechanism by which bacteria, whether friendly or infectious, affect our health.
	Research links climate change to vampire bat expansion and rabies virus spillover Vampire bats may soon take up residence in the United States and bring with them an ancient pathogen. "What we found was that the distribution of vampire bats has moved northward across time due to past climate change, which has corresponded with an increase in rabies cases in many Latin American countries," said Paige Van de Vuurst, a Ph.D. student in Virginia Tech's Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program.
	Owner personality and mental well-being associated with human–pet attachment University of Helsinki researchers have collected data about the personality traits of thousands of dogs, cats and their owners to explore owner–pet attachment. The data encompass about 2,500 pet owners and 3,300 pets. The work is published in the journal iScience.
	Potential threats, promising resources in thriving colonies of bacteria and fungi on ocean plastic trash A team of scientists from the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) has found both potential threats and promising resources in the thriving colonies of bacteria and fungi on plastic trash washed up on Singapore shores.
	Night study of native plant survival With land clearance, bushfires, weeds and climate change, small pockets of native vegetation are important for future plant and animal conservation—but do plants in small reserves struggle with reduced habitat for both plants and their pollinators?
	Crop yield prediction: New model uses sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence for enhanced photosynthetic trait estimation Crops use carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis to create organic matter, with enhanced photosynthetic rates crucial for meeting global food demands. While crop phenomics has focused on structural traits, it's the functional traits like maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and stomatal conductance (gs) that are vital for accurate predictions of crop yield.
	Researcher: Honeybees cluster together when it's cold, but we've been completely wrong about why Honeybees in man-made hives may have been suffering the cold unnecessarily for over a century because commercial hive designs are based on erroneous science, my new research shows.
	Using the principles of evolution to defeat cancer November 24 marked 164 years since the publication of Charles Darwin's revolutionary "On the Origin of Species," one of the most influential scientific books ever written. In acknowledgement, 24 November is known as "Evolution Day" or the quirkier titled "All Our Uncles are Monkeys Day." The Institute of Cancer Research feels bound to commemorate this important work that challenged, and eventually transformed, our understanding of the natural world.
	Beaver exploitation testifies to prey choice diversity of Middle Pleistocene hominins Exploitation of smaller game is rarely documented before the latest phases of the Pleistocene, which is often taken to imply narrow diets for earlier hominins.
	Japanese snail adaptation and speciation in anti-predation escape behavior Snails often get a bad rap for being slow and inefficient and are sometimes used to express laziness. However, a team of researchers from Kyoto and Hokkaido has now revealed that snails are anything but lazy, particularly when feeling threatened. Two species of the genus Karaftohelix—K editha and K gainesi—showed opposite behaviors in response to predator-like stimuli.
	Q&A: Scientific collaboration paves the way to cleaner technologies for industry During the nearly five decades of its operation, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Hamburg has developed many fruitful collaborations with other scientific institutions located in the Hamburg metropolitan area. One example is the long-lasting collaboration between researchers at EMBL Hamburg and the Center for Biobased Solutions (CBBS) at the Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), which has recently yielded new insights into the structure and function of a lipid-degrading enzyme found in a microbe adapted to living in extreme conditions. The findings could help improve chemical processes in various branches of industry.
	A novel quantification method for ribonucleotides, which are needed in almost all cellular processes RNA (ribonucleic acid), which is made up of ribonucleotides, is a molecule found in all living organisms. RNA is thought to have probably preceded DNA in primordial life billions of years ago. RNA was eventually replaced by DNA as a chemically more stable carrier of genetic information.
	Comprehensive analysis of the telomere-to-telomere genome of soybean cultivar ZH13 Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most crucial oil and protein crops, and contributes to more than a quarter of the protein utilized in both human food and animal feed. It is widely acknowledged that the cultivated soybean emerged through the domestication of its annual ancestor in the Yellow River basin. Therefore, the exploration of genetic resources within the origin region bears immense significance in advancing the global frontiers of soybean breeding.
	Enhancing rice biomass estimation with UAV-based models Aboveground biomass (AGB) of rice, vital for carbon pool and yield estimation, is traditionally measured through labor-intensive manual sampling. Recent advancements employ remote sensing, particularly unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to derive vegetation indices (VIs) from plant interactions with the electromagnetic spectrum.
	Advanced AI techniques for predicting and visualizing citrus fruit maturity Citrus, the world's most valuable fruit crop, is at a crossroads with slowing production growth and a focus on improving fruit quality and post-harvest processes. Key to this is understanding citrus color change, a critical indicator of fruit maturity, traditionally gauged by human judgment.
	Culling gray squirrels not necessary for overall biodiversity, expert suggests Life on Earth is facing the greatest rate of extinction in history—and humans are the disruptive force, according to a leading ecologist.
	A critically endangered Sumatran rhino named Delilah successfully gives birth in Indonesia A critically endangered Sumatran rhino was born in Indonesia's western island of Sumatra on Saturday, the second Sumatran rhino born in the country this year and a welcome addition to a species that currently numbers fewer than 50 animals.
	Revolutionizing plant disease diagnosis: Pre-trained models outperform traditional methods Diagnosing plant disease is essential to meet the world's growing food demand, which is expected to increase with a population of 9.1 billion by 2050. Diseases can reduce crop yields by 20–40%, so early detection is critical. Traditional disease identification methods include expert analysis and machine learning-based image processing. However, the manual approach is inefficient and error-prone, while machine learning, particularly deep learning methods like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has revolutionized disease detection by extracting detailed image features.
	New automatic algorithm unveils key insights into leaf orientation and plant productivity Maize (Zea mays L.), the most globally produced cereal, owes its enhanced productivity to genetic, agronomic, and climatic factors, with cultivars adapted to higher density playing a crucial role. Recent research has focused on maize's architectural plasticity, particularly its ability to adapt leaf architecture to maximize light interception under varying densities. This adaptation includes leaf reorientation, a response to intraspecific competition, influenced by changes in red to far-red light ratios.
	Recycled phosphorus fertilizer reduces nutrient leaching, maintains yield A promising new form of ammonium phosphate fertilizer has been field-tested by University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign researchers. The fertilizer, struvite, offers a triple win for sustainability and crop production, as it recycles nutrients from wastewater streams, reduces leaching of phosphorus and nitrogen in agricultural soils, and maintains or improves soybean yield compared to conventional phosphorus fertilizers.
	Inferring causative microbial features from metagenomic data of limited samples Increasing evidence has shown an association between gut microbiota and numerous diseases inferred by metagemomic (MWAS), indicating the microbiota as one of the most promising and effective strategies to control these diseases. However, inferring causalities and strong associations from high-dimensional data are very challenging, leading to low concordance in causal microbe identification between metagenomic studies.
	Researchers pave the way for faster and safer T-cell therapy through novel contamination-detection method Researchers from Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group (IRG) at Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), MIT's research enterprise in Singapore, in collaboration with Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), have developed a novel method capable of identifying contaminants in T-cell cultures within 24 hours.
	Sensitive ecosystems at risk from mine waste, finds study Nearly a third of the world's mine tailings are stored within or near protected conservation areas, University of Queensland research has found. A study led by UQ's Bora Aska, from the Sustainable Minerals Institute and School of the Environment, said these waste facilities pose an enormous risk to some of Earth's most precious species and landscapes.
	Review article shows key role of Brazil in research on sugarcane for bioenergy Publications on sugar cane have increased exponentially since 2006 worldwide, and Brazil has had more articles published on the topic than any other country in the period, according to a review in BioEnergy Research.
	Protected Texas songbirds show up in pet stores abroad, due to elusive trafficking industry In 1970, there were approximately 10 billion birds in North America. Now, there are around 7 billion, representing a loss of over a quarter of the continent's birds.
	Critically endangered Sumatran rhino born in Indonesia A Sumatran rhino has been born in western Indonesia, officials said Monday, a rare sanctuary birth for the critically endangered animal with only several dozen believed to be left in the world.
	Enhancing the immunosuppressive properties of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for the treatment of various immune diseases due to their unique immunomodulatory properties. However, MSCs exposed to the harsh inflammatory environment of damaged tissue after intravenous transplantation cannot exert their biological effects, and therefore, their therapeutic efficacy is reduced.
	Longing to know about longhorn beetles in Australia The Titan beetle (Titanus giganteus) is the biggest beetle in the world. It's a dark brown colored longhorn that lives in the Amazon and grows to 17.7 centimeters long.
	Quality of tidal mudflats changes in gas extraction area of Wadden Sea As tidal flats subside due to gas extraction, their composition changes. This is shown in a paper published in this month's Journal of Applied Ecology. "The average grain size in the parts of the mudflats where gas is extracted has decreased over 10% in 12 years. With that, sand is getting finer," says NIOZ researcher Allert Bijleveld. In this period, the composition of the benthic life in subsided areas has also changed in comparison to similar areas where subsidence due to gas extraction did not occur.

Medicine and Health news

	Study unveils the engagement of different cortical networks while humans are unconscious States of unconsciousness, such as those that occur during sleep or while under the effect of anesthesia, have been the focus of countless past neuroscience studies. While these works have identified some brain regions that are active and inactive when humans are unconscious, the precise contribution of each of these regions to consciousness remains largely unclear.
	Societal polarization regarding vaccinations found to be distorting accuracy of people's recall of pandemic A quartet of psychologists, economists and health behaviorists from the University of Bamberg, the University of Chicago, the University of Vienna and the University of Erfurt, respectively, has found that people's political views on vaccinations is colorizing their memories of the severity of the global pandemic.
	Brain boost: Can a coach help elders at risk for Alzheimer's? As more medications move towards federal approval for Alzheimer's disease, a new study led by researchers at UC San Francisco and Kaiser Permanente Washington has found that personalized health and lifestyle changes can delay or even prevent memory loss for higher-risk older adults.
	Early-stage stem cell therapy trial shows promise for treating progressive multiple sclerosis An international team has shown that the injection of a type of stem cell into the brains of patients living with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is safe, well tolerated and has a long-lasting effect that appears to protect the brain from further damage.
	Irritability, agitation and anxiety in Alzheimer's patients caused by brain inflammation, study says Common neuropsychiatric symptoms that doctors see in Alzheimer's disease patients originate from brain inflammation rather than amyloid and tau proteins, report University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine researchers in JAMA Network Open.
	Study suggests changing to a healthier diet could add ten years to your life An international team of public health specialists, addiction researchers, cardiovascular and metabolic health professionals and nutritionists has found that switching from a typical Western diet to a healthier regimen could add 10 years of life for the average middle-aged person. In their study, reported in the journal Nature Food, the group analyzed dietary data for people listed in the UK Biobank study.
	Study: Spike in premature births caused by COVID, halted by vaccines COVID-19 caused an alarming surge in premature births, but vaccines were key to returning the early birth rate to pre-pandemic levels, according to a new analysis of California birth records.
	One protein is key to the spread of lung cancer: New study finds a way to stop it A new study by Tulane University has uncovered a previously unknown molecular pathway that could be instrumental to halting lung cancer in its tracks.
	AI may spare breast cancer patients unnecessary treatments A new AI (artificial intelligence) tool may make it possible to spare breast cancer patients unnecessary chemotherapy treatments by using a more precise method of predicting their outcomes, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study.
	New design achieves 10-fold better resolution for functional MRI brain imaging An intense international effort to improve the resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for studying the human brain has culminated in an ultra-high resolution 7 Tesla scanner that records up to 10 times more detail than current 7T scanners and over 50 times more detail than current 3T scanners, the mainstay of most hospitals.
	Scientists map the antigenic landscape A new paper in Science Advances details how scientists have succeeded in mapping a central part of the immune system—the HLA class II molecules—while accurately predicting how they display fragments of pathogens on the surface of cells.
	Researchers identify a new small molecule inhibitor for use against Alzheimer's disease In people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the epigenetic regulator HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6), which controls many biological processes, is significantly overexpressed in the brain.
	Infants are vulnerable to chickenpox earlier than previously thought, study finds Infants are not protected against the varicella-zoster virus, the virus that causes chickenpox, for several months before they are eligible for vaccination, a new study has found.
	Pituitary vasopressin signaling realigns biological clock for jet lag recovery: Study Jet lag is all in the mind. What exactly lags has more to do with the hypothalamus than the jet.
	Natural products used in Ayurvedic treatments alleviate symptoms of depression in fruit flies Chronic exposure to stress can lead to the development of depression-like disorders that manifest as a lack of motivation—even in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. As a result, the insects show less courtship behavior, are less interested in stopping to ingest sweet nutrients, and are less willing to climb a gap in the experimental setup.
	Chaperoning fat storage: The molecular basis of adiposity Weight gain and weight loss are not as simple as "calories in, calories out," given that countless factors affect body weight. Now, researchers from Japan have identified a gene that may serve as a master regulator of fat storage under a wide range of conditions.
	Mixing heat with hair styling products may be bad for your health Hair products often contain ingredients that easily evaporate, so users may inhale some of these chemicals, potentially posing health repercussions. Now, researchers have studied emissions of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including siloxanes, which shine and smooth hair.
	New hope for fighting malaria: Decoding human antibodies Researchers from The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) recently decoded how human antibodies protect us from the malaria parasite, which kills more than 600,000 people worldwide annually. The CMCF facility at the Canadian Light Source at the University of Saskatchewan helped them identify the precise structures involved in identifying and fighting off the disease.
	Deepfake smiles matter less—the psychological and neural impact of presumed AI-generated faces In our digital time, where artificial intelligence (AI) crafts deceptively realistic human faces, the emergence of deepfake technology may blur the boundaries between reality and digital fabrication. These AI-generated faces, though technologically astounding, carry a weight of societal implications that demand a thorough examination.
	Genes influence whether infants prefer to look at faces or non-social objects, research suggests Whether infants at 5 months of age look mostly at faces or non-social objects such as cars or mobile phones is largely determined by genes. This has now been demonstrated by researchers at Uppsala University and Karolinska Institutet. The findings suggest that there is a biological basis for how infants create their unique visual experiences and which things they learn most about. The study has been published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour.
	Stem cell-based treatment controls blood sugar in people with type 1 diabetes: Clinical trial An innovative stem cell-based treatment for type 1 diabetes can meaningfully regulate blood glucose levels and reduce dependence on daily insulin injections, according to new clinical trial results from the University of British Columbia (UBC) and Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH).
	Fish IgM structure sheds light on antibody evolution, study finds Antibodies—proteins that are produced by our immune system to protect us—are crucial for recognizing and getting rid of unwanted substances, or antigens, in our body. Although their role is universal, antibody structure varies in different animals. In a new study, researchers have analyzed the antibody Immunoglobulin M in rainbow trout to shed some light on why these proteins may have evolved over time.
	Pregnancy remodels the brain: Stem cells shape the sense of smell in mothers, finds study Pregnancy and motherhood lead to brain remodeling. A research team at the University of Basel has now discovered through experiments with mice that distinct pools of stem cells in the adult brain are turned on during pregnancy. They give rise to specific types of olfactory bulb neurons, the team reports in Science.
	Scientists devise new technique that can pinpoint causes, treatments of autoimmune diseases Scientists have developed a potentially transformative new technique that could aid in the discovery and development of new therapeutics for a number of globally prevalent autoimmune diseases.
	CRISPR-powered 'cancer shredding' technique opens new possibility for treating most common and deadly brain cancer The gene-editing technology CRISPR shows early promise as a therapeutic strategy for the aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain cancer known as primary glioblastoma, according to findings of a new study from Gladstone Institutes.
	New study reveals why we value things more when they cost us more Ahab hunting down Moby Dick. Wile E. Coyote chasing the Road Runner. Learning Latin. Walking over hot coals. Standing in a long line for boba tea or entrance to a small, overpriced clothing retail store. Forking up for luxury nonsense.
	Spanish scientists discover a promising therapeutic target for cardiac arrhythmias A study led by Guadalupe Sabio and José Jalife at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) in Madrid has identified a new signaling mechanism implicated in the development of ventricular fibrillation, a type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat. The study findings, published in the journal Nature Cardiovascular Research, offer promise of future treatment options for this life-threatening condition.
	Fighting leukemia with therapeutic RNA Each year, about 13,000 people in Germany are diagnosed with leukemia, an umbrella term that encompasses various forms of blood cancer. Among those affected are also many children and adolescents under 15 years of age. A common and very aggressive form of leukemia in adults is acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
	Newborn babies can perceive the beat in music, study shows Newborn babies can perceive the beat in music, new research has confirmed. The study, carried out by a team of scientists from the University of Amsterdam and the HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences (TTK) in Hungary, shows that this ability to recognize a beat is not simply due to the statistical learning ability of newborns, but that beat perception is actually a separate cognitive mechanism that is already active at birth. The study was published on 27 November in the journal Cognition.
	Scientists discover potential brain link between stress and emotional eating If you've had a near miss accident in your car or suffered the intimidation of a menacing person, you've probably felt it—a psychological reaction to a threat called a fight or flight response. Your heart rate climbs, anxiety washes over you, and you might shake or sweat.
	Kids who feel their parents are less reliable take fewer risks vital to learning and growth, study finds Trying something new is a risk every child undertakes as they explore and learn about the world. While risk can be costly, it can also pay off in rewards or knowledge. But new research suggests children without predictable support from the adults in their lives are less willing to take those risks—and reap those rewards.
	Discrimination during pregnancy can affect infant's brain circuitry Experiences of discrimination and acculturation are known to have a detrimental effect on a person's health. For pregnant women, these painful experiences can also affect the brain circuitry of their children, a new study from Yale and Columbia University finds. These effects, the researchers say, are separate from those caused by general stress and depression.
	Pollution from coal power plants contributes to far more deaths than scientists realized, study shows Air pollution particles from coal-fired power plants are more harmful to human health than many experts realized, and it's more than twice as likely to contribute to premature deaths as air pollution particles from other sources, new research demonstrates.
	Is sleeping beside your baby a good idea? Here's what the science says Sleeping with your baby is not life-threatening, but it's not essential either. Rather, it's a family choice that you should make with your partner.
	China says a surge in respiratory illnesses is caused by flu and other known pathogens A surge in respiratory illnesses across China that has drawn the attention of the World Health Organization is caused by the flu and other known pathogens and not by a novel virus, the country's health ministry said Sunday.
	New weight loss drugs carry high price tags and lots of questions for seniors Corlee Morris has dieted throughout her adult life. After her weight began climbing in high school, she spent years losing 50 or 100 pounds then gaining it back. Morris, 78, was at her heaviest in her mid-40s, standing 5 feet 10½ inches and weighing 310 pounds. The Pittsburgh resident has had diabetes for more than 40 years.
	A Miami company recalls erectile dysfunction capsules: They might or might not work A Miami Gardens company has recalled its sexual enhancement pill after the FDA declared it an "unapproved drug."
	Diabetes and obesity rising in young Americans, study finds Diabetes and obesity are rising among young adults in the United States, an alarming development that puts them at higher risk for heart disease, according to a study of 13,000 people between 20 and 44 years old.
	Doctors whose psychological needs are met associated with greater well-being in the new digital era Canadian researchers examined how the rapid shift to using virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted primary care doctors' well-being at work. They utilized a self-determination theory (SDT) lens to examine how autonomous (vs. controlled) motivation among family physicians impacted their well-being when shifting to virtual care, and whether satisfaction (vs. frustration) of their basic psychological needs at work mediated that relationship.
	Unfiltered traffic-related air associated with immediate, significant blood pressure increase A randomized crossover trial found that the inhalation of traffic-related air pollution while in a car with unfiltered air was associated with a 4.5 mm Hg increase in blood pressure. This change in blood pressure occurred rapidly, peaked within 60 minutes of exposure, and persisted over 24 hours. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Practice facilitation programs can help primary care clinics adopt best practices for providing COVID-19 vaccinations In Ontario, Canada, most COVID-19 vaccinations were administered by public health organizations and pharmacies rather than by family physicians. Researchers devised a practice facilitation intervention program to help family physicians proactively engage with their patients who were not yet vaccinated for COVID‐19.
	An AI-aided stethoscope can improve home monitoring of asthma in very young children Adults and older children with asthma can take objective measures of symptoms such as peak expiratory flow (PEF), the volume of airflow in one forced exhalation, at home. This provides a more complete picture of their disease and helps them detect asthma exacerbations or negative changes to their condition at the onset.
	Researchers find testosterone hormone therapy for transmasculine individuals is safer than previously thought A common concern about gender-affirming hormone therapy for transmasculine people is the risk of red blood cell volume changes and erythrocytosis, a high concentration of red blood cells, with the use of prescribed testosterone. However, Mount Sinai researchers have found that testosterone treatment may be safer than previously reported, with results published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
	New device and drug combination could revolutionize heart failure treatment A newly-developed heart failure device and medication combination is safe and effective to use, and will allow patients to receive treatment from the comfort of their own home.
	Alcohol consumption may have positive and negative effects on cardiovascular disease risk Although past research has indicated that moderate alcohol consumption can lower one's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), more recent studies suggest that moderate levels of drinking may be hazardous to heart health. A new analysis led by Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University now sheds new insight on this complex relationship between alcohol consumption and the progression of CVD.
	Researcher: Chicken doesn't need to be washed before cooking, here's why Social media isn't exactly known for being a welcoming place to have a productive discussion or share your opinions. Even the most inoffensive posts can breed noxious comments sections. Take this seemingly harmful post on TikTok, in which a woman shares a step-by-step recipe for spatchcocking chicken.
	New research finds that ultra-processed foods taste no better than less processed foods New research that compared the taste perception of less processed foods with ultra-processed foods (UPFs), found participants viewed UPFs no more pleasant tasting than less processed foods. The University of Bristol-led findings, published in the journal Appetite, supports the theory that humans are programmed to learn to like foods with more equal amounts of carbohydrate and fat. Carbohydrate (including sugars) and fat provide most of the calories in human diets.
	Both acupuncture and massage can benefit those with cancer-related pain: Study Research has suggested that acupuncture and massage can help relieve some of the pain felt by people with advanced cancer, but studies have not compared the two modalities to each other. Now a multicenter, randomized clinical trial led by investigators from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has found that both treatments not only reduce musculoskeletal pain but also lead to improvements in feelings of fatigue, insomnia, and patients' quality of life.
	Researchers find a clue to fighting fatal influenza When influenza (or flu) reaches the critical stage, there are no specific treatments available for patients. Now new research has identified a key to this sometimes fatal condition, and opened the door to possible cures.
	Infants exposed to certain biologics during pregnancy can safely receive rotavirus vaccine, finds study A study by University of Calgary researchers and the Canadian Immunization Research Network may prompt a change to vaccination guidelines for infants. Researchers investigated how the immune systems of babies exposed to biologic agent medications during pregnancy are affected.
	The concept of 'home' fundamentally shifts after a child loses a parent to domestic homicide Many of us associate 'home' with feelings of stability, familiarity and comfort.
	Stronger thigh muscles may prevent knee replacement surgery Stronger quadriceps muscles, relative to the hamstrings, may lower the risk of total knee replacement, according to research being presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Researchers said the findings could inform strength-training programs for people with advanced arthritis in the knee.
	Targeted depletion of TRBV9+ T cells as immunotherapy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis Researchers from Skoltech contributed to a large study made by colleagues from Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of bioorganic chemistry and other universities and organizations. The article, published in the Nature Medicine journal, presents an innovative treatment for ankylosing spondylitis.
	Black patients face delays in Alzheimer's diagnosis, research finds Black patients underwent medical imaging for cognitive impairment years later than white and Hispanic patients and were less frequently tested with MRI, according to research being presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).
	Study finds breast density discussions with clinicians varies significantly by race/ethnicity and literacy level Breast density information aims to increase awareness of breast density and its risks and inform future breast screening decisions. Breast density notifications (BDN) advise women to discuss breast density with their clinicians, but prior research shows less than half of women in the general population have those conversations and little is known about the content of conversations that do occur.
	Scientists analyze antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections After the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in 2020, vaccines, antibodies (Abs), small molecule drugs, and other interventions needed to be researched, and such a rapid development is partly due to the accumulation of scientific research on severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS virus, SARS-CoV-1), MERS-CoV, and other coronaviruses that cause human disease.
	Study shows patient support programs for prescription drugs are common, especially for expensive drugs About one in 10 prescription drugs—mainly brand-name and expensive drugs and those for rare diseases—has a manufacturer-sponsored patient support program, which usually includes financial, nursing and educational supports.
	Study shows price discounts on healthful foods leads to increase in consumption Dietary food intake has a major influence on health indicators, including Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, serum cholesterol and glucose. Previous research has shown that decisions to purchase specific food items are primarily based on taste and cost. In the United States, only 12% and 10% of adults meet fruit and vegetable intake recommendations, respectively.
	Cannabis use in pregnancy may raise infant health risks A large study of more than 360,000 mothers and infants found increased risk of low birth weight and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for babies whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy.
	How worried should we be about the pneumonia outbreak in China? Reports of a surge in pneumonia-like illness primarily affecting children in northern China have captured our attention. The last time we heard about a mysterious respiratory outbreak leading to overcrowding in hospitals was the beginning of the COVID pandemic, so it's not entirely surprising this has caused some alarm.
	Rising heat stress poses grave occupational health risks for workers, study finds As global temperatures continue to soar due to anthropogenic climate change, a new study has highlighted the alarming consequences of heat stress on outdoor workers. The research, published in Kidney International Reports, was conducted among salt pan workers in Tamil Nadu, India, and reveals the urgent need for adaptation strategies and improved health care access to protect vulnerable individuals.
	A novel lightweight wearable device for performing balance exercises at home Maintaining balance and posture is quite a complex skill, even though it comes naturally to most people. However, postural control tends to worsen with age due to various reasons, such as muscle weakness coupled with changes in vision and sensory input. This explains why older people are much more prone to falling and suffering fall-related injuries than younger individuals. Approximately 40% of older individuals have been reported to fall at least once a year.
	Mindfulness training can help doctors improve well-being and communication, study finds A new study involving researchers from the University of Toronto has found mindfulness training for doctors improved their communication with patients and colleagues, and led to positive cognitive and behavioral changes.
	Study uncovers early B cell developmental disorders associated with systemic lupus erythematosus In a study published in the journal Arthritis & Rheumatology, Prof. Zhang Xiaoming's group at the Shanghai Institute Immunity and Infection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Prof. Gu Zhifeng at Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Prof. Sheng Zizhang at Columbia University, reveal the immunological characteristics of bone marrow (BM) B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the potential mechanisms involved in their developmental disorders.
	UK confirms first human case of swine flu strain H1N2 UK public health officials on Monday said they had confirmed a first human case of a swine flu strain similar to one that has been circulating in pigs.
	How to check your mouth for cancer when getting to see a dentist is hard Regular dental checkups and oral hygiene visits are important for identifying the early stage of mouth cancer. However, the shortage of dentists in the UK has led to a rise in mouth cancers that are spotted too late, according to the charity Oral Health Foundation. Ninety percent of NHS dentists surveyed by the BBC last year were not accepting new adult patients for NHS treatment.
	New study sheds light on link between lipids and gall stones A new study published in the journal Gut has shed light on the complex relationship between serum lipids, lipid-modifying targets, and cholelithiasis, a common condition characterized by the formation of gallstones. The study, led by researchers at the First Hospital of Jilin University, employed a combination of observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to comprehensively assess these associations.
	Scientists create patch that may successfully treat congenital heart defects in infants and last a lifetime Using laboratory engineered tissue, scientists at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have created a full-thickness, biodegradable patch that holds the promise of correcting congenital heart defects in infants, limiting invasive surgeries and outlasting current patches.
	Research paper advocates accelerated action for global drowning prevention The WHO reports that drowning claims the lives of at least 236,000 people every year, making it one of the top 10 leading causes of death for children and youth aged one to 24 years. More than 90% of drowning deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, with rural children and adolescents disproportionately affected.
	Targeting ras with protein engineering A review paper titled "Targeting Ras with protein engineering" has been published in Oncotarget.
	New research documents the rising economic burden of US firearm injuries and deaths The economic impact of fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries in the United States increased by 16% in 2020 compared with 2019, according to new research reported in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. The study also provides evidence of significant disparities in costs associated with firearm deaths in 2019−2020, with non-Hispanic Black individuals, males, and young and middle-aged groups being most affected, along with those who reside in urban areas and the South.
	Not only is virtual care safe, patients and providers use it effectively, new research finds New research from McMaster University has found that not only is virtual care a safe way to hold medical appointments, but that patients and physicians were able to use it appropriately and effectively with minimal guidance.
	Researchers find neurons work as a team to process social interactions Researchers have discovered that a part of the brain associated with working memory and multisensory integration may also play an important role in how the brain processes social cues. Previous research has shown that neurons in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) integrate faces and voices—but new research, in the Journal of Neuroscience, shows that neurons in the VLPFC play a role in processing both the identity of the "speaker" and the expression conveyed by facial gestures and vocalizations.
	Research demonstrates the potential of natural compounds to treat gastrointestinal disorders Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are becoming increasingly common throughout the world, but many of them still lack effective treatment. Researchers have now turned to natural compounds, such as those present in traditional medicines, to search for potential drug candidates for difficult-to-treat diseases. The latest issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis (JPA) features three articles that report promising findings and could pave the way to treatments for complex diseases affecting the liver and intestine.
	Seeing cancer's spread through a computational window Biomedical engineers at Duke University have significantly enhanced the capabilities of a computational model that simulates the movement of individual cancer cells across long distances within the entire human body.
	Study finds one week of night shifts per month does not increase the risk of coronary heart disease If you clock in for work in the early hours when most of the population is still asleep, you may have heard that it increases the risk of heart disease. But now there is good news from Aarhus University for those of us who work night shifts. A new study shows no increased risk of coronary heart disease if you work up to seven night shifts per month.
	Building a global, multi-disciplinary platform to promote women's health What do retinal scans and eating meals rich in greens, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, and a moderate amount of fish, have to do with health of women and children?
	New framework for using AI in health care considers medical knowledge, practices, procedures, values Health care organizations are looking to artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve patient care, but their translation into clinical settings has been inconsistent, in part because evaluating AI in health care remains challenging. In a new article, researchers propose a framework for using AI that includes practical guidance for applying values and that incorporates not just the tool's properties but the systems surrounding its use.
	Researchers identify way to block alphavirus infection Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found an innovative way to block infection by a variety of alphaviruses, a group of mosquito-borne viruses that can cause joint and brain infections in people. The study, led by Michael S. Diamond, MD, Ph.D., the Herbert S. Gasser Professor of Medicine, and Daved H. Fremont, a professor of pathology and immunology, could be the first step on a path to a broad-spectrum therapy for these uncommon but serious infections.
	Decline in excess mortality seen in first decade after quitting smoking Former smokers avoid more than half of the excess cardiovascular, cancer, and respiratory mortality associated with current smoking within the first decade after quitting, according to a research letter published online Nov. 27 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
	Mortality is higher for Black patients receiving neoadjuvant chemo for breast cancer: Study For patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), Blacks have higher mortality risk than Whites, according to a study published online Nov. 22 in JAMA Network Open.
	Disease-modifying therapy use for sickle cell remained low from 2014 to 2021 From 2014 to 2021, uptake of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for sickle cell disease (SCD) remained low, according to a study published in the journal JAMA Network Open.
	In Michigan, one asymptomatic man spread syphilis affecting the eyes to five women In a disease cluster last year, one infected but asymptomatic man spread a rare form of syphilis—that affects the eyes—to five Michigan women, a new report finds.
	Less than 75% of Queenslanders have access to fluoridated water. And it's putting oral health at risk Health-care professionals have recently called on the Queensland government to mandate fluoride in drinking water across the state, where water fluoridation coverage lags behind other Australian states and territories.
	Family fun can burn off those extra thanksgiving calories It's common to find yourself stuffed at some point during Thanksgiving Day festivities, but experts say staying active can help you burn some calories and feel a little less sluggish after the big meal.
	WHO sounds alarm on mpox cases in DR Congo The World Health Organization on Saturday reported 12,569 mpox cases and 581 related deaths in the Democratic Republic of Congo this year to November 12, the highest annual figure ever recorded.
	Incoming New Zealand govt to abandon anti-smoking laws New Zealand's incoming conservative government will jettison world-leading measures to stub out smoking, new Prime Minister Christopher Luxon confirmed Monday, in a move described by health campaigners as a "huge win for the tobacco industry".
	Gamifying safety helps teens prevent farm injury The Calm Your Farm game, created through a UNSW Sydney-led research collaboration, increases knowledge and awareness about farm safety.
	World's first clinical trial for devastating fungal disease mycetoma shows efficacy of new, promising treatment Results from the world's first double-blind, randomized clinical trial to find a treatment for the fungal form of a chronic disabling disease called mycetoma have demonstrated that a new oral treatment, fosravuconazole, is safe, patient-friendly, and effective in treating the disease.
	Secrecy at Canada's pest management agency must end, say researchers Health Canada increased maximum residue limits for glyphosate in some crops, such as oats and beans, in 2021 despite concerns about the health impact of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs). The World Health Organization's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer regards these pesticides as genotoxic, meaning they can damage DNA and are likely carcinogenic.
	South Africa AIDS epidemic eases: survey South Africa has recorded its first significant fall in the number of people suffering from HIV but remains in the grip of a sexually transmitted epidemic, according to a survey released on Monday.
	Benefits of running in the cold outweigh warm weather running, says expert Some year-round runners dread plunging temperatures, but according to recent research, the benefits of running in the cold weather outweigh warm weather running—and could help you burn bad fat, lose more weight, and make you feel better overall.
	Dapagliflozin suppresses cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus: Study The DAPPER study was conducted with the National Cardiovascular Center as the principal investigator, with 294 patients participating from 18 facilities in Japan. In this study, researchers investigated whether dapagliflozin suppresses urinary albumin excretion, a sensitive marker of kidney damage, and whether it also suppresses cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Other Sciences news

	5,200 years of migrations from Mexico to California may be the origin of a mystery language Research led by Nathan Nakatsuka of the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, Boston, has found evidence supporting migrations into California from Mexico and the presence of Mexican-related ancestry in Central and Southern California starting around 5,200 years ago.
	Saturday Citations: Lead, microplastics and coal on our filthy planet—plus, faster-charging lithium-ion batteries This week, we reported on new developments in lithium-ion batteries, and a real industrial pollution hat trick with stories on coal, lead and microplastics.
	Best of Last Week—Bronze Age megastructure found, Apple MacBook Pro hacked, the brain is not rewireable It was an interesting week for human behavior and history as a team of climate scientists affiliated with several institutions in China, working with a colleague from the U.S., found evidence that human-produced aerosols may overtake greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to a warmer climate and more weather extremes toward carbon neutrality by 2050. Also, a team of archaeologists from University College Dublin, working with colleagues from Portugal, the U.K., Serbia and Slovenia, uncovered a European hidden Bronze Age megastructure in the southern Carpathian Basin in Romania. And a behavioral economist at the University of Bath in the U.K., Chris Dawson, found evidence linking higher levels of unwarranted financial optimism with lower levels of cognitive ability.
	Was 'witchcraft' in the Devil's Church in Koli based on acoustic resonance? The national park of Koli in eastern Finland is home to a famous, 34-meter-long crevice cave known as Pirunkirkko, or Devil's Church in English. In folklore, this crevice cave was known as a place where local sages would meet to contact the spirit world. Even today, the place is visited by practitioners of shamanism, who organize drumming sessions in the cave.
	New study analyzes how people choose friendships at school Researchers from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), the Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM) and Loyola University have discovered that personality does not seem to have much influence when it comes to choosing social friendships at school, which are based more on the closeness of our contacts, according to a study recently published in the journal PNAS.
	Algorithmic recommendation technology or human curation? Study of online news outlet suggests both Recommender systems are machine learning applications in online platforms that automate tasks historically done by people. In the news industry, recommender algorithms can assume the tasks of editors who select which news stories people see online, with the goal of increasing the number of clicks by users, but few studies have examined how the two compare.
	May the 'Star Wars' vocabulary be with us These days, "Star Wars" is everywhere. There are numerous films and all kinds of merchandise. But is "Star Wars" also an integral part of the English language? That is the question Prof Dr. Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer, chair of English and Digital Linguistics at Chemnitz University of Technology, set out to investigate. "I wanted to find out whether words from the 'Star Wars' universe have already become part of our own universe," notes the linguist.
	PhD graduates with disabilities are underpaid and underrepresented in US academia: Study New research from the Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center suggests that Ph.D. graduates in science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM) in the U.S. who became disabled before age 25 earn $14,360 less per year in academia than those without disabilities. They are also underrepresented at higher faculty levels (such as deans and presidents) and in tenured positions.
	Opinion: Responsible ESG investing in the Global South requires overcoming the Global North's savior complex ESG standards (Environment, Social and Governance) are metrics designed to guide responsible investing. The "S" in ESG has evolved into the financial innovation of social impact investing (SII), which promotes social benefits such as environmental protection, gender equality and human development, and also generates profits for beneficiaries and investors.
	The psychology of success in data science contest design In today's data-driven world, holding data science competitions is a popular way to address real-world problems. Companies leverage these competitions to crowdsource solutions and strategically attract potential employees. Recent research from the University of Waterloo highlights the importance of motivating participants in these competitions through the appropriate contest structure and incentives to achieve success.
	Facilitating learning chemistry with conceptual modeling A team of researchers and teachers from the University of Twente have developed a novel teaching method that uses conceptual modeling to facilitate learning and foster creativity in classrooms of chemical science and engineering students. The students tackled real-world problems related to sustainability.
	Making a difference, belonging drives rural festival volunteers and bolsters community development During Orange City's three-day tulip festival each May, the northwest Iowa town attracts roughly 40,000 visitors, more than six times its population. People come for the blooms and parades, traditional Dutch food and musical theater. For the community, it's an opportunity to celebrate its cultural heritage and give a boost to local businesses.
	Most unmarried, low-income couples show positive co-parenting Despite the many challenges they face, slightly more than half of unmarried low-income couples with children have positive co-parenting relationships, a new study found.
	Trying to spend less on food? Following the dietary guidelines might save you $160 a fortnight A rise in the cost of living has led many households to look for ways to save money.
	What is the 'sunk cost fallacy'? Is it ever a good thing? Have you ever encountered a subpar hotel breakfast while on holiday? You don't really like the food choices on offer, but since you already paid for the meal as part of your booking, you force yourself to eat something anyway rather than go down the road to a cafe.
	Gender-based violence: Teaching about its root causes is necessary to address it In 2022, 184 women and girls were killed by violence in Canada. This number has steadily increased in each of the past three years; 148 women and girls were killed in 2019, 172 in 2020 and 177 in 2021.
	Coping with uncertainty in customer demand: How mathematics can improve logistics processes How do you distribute drinking water fairly across an area recently hit by a natural disaster? Or how can you make sure you have enough bottles of water, granola bars and fruit in your delivery van to refill all the vending machines at a school when you don't know how full they are?
	Carved trees and burial sites: Wiradjuri Elders share the hidden stories of marara and dhabuganha Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers are advised that the following contains information about deceased persons, ceremonial practices, and Men's and Women's Business with the permission of the Gaanha-bula Action Group.
	It's not a cost of living crisis. It's a poverty pandemic There is a poverty crisis in the UK. But when outlining his 110 growth measures aimed at getting "the British economy working" during his autumn statement, the chancellor's measures to tackle the cost of living crisis were limited to economic support payments focused on short-term wins.
	Climate crisis: What to consider if you're questioning whether to have children The warnings about the disastrous impact we are having on our planet are becoming more dire. The UN Environment Program's most recent emissions gap report, which tracks our progress in limiting global warming, revealed that the world is on course for a "hellish" 3°C of global heating before the end of this century.
	Having a single parent doesn't determine your life chances. Data shows poverty is far more important Numerous research studies have suggested that children from a single-parent family are worse off than those who have two parents at home. These findings chime with decades of stigma that have painted coming from a single-parent home as undesirable.
	Nonprofit organizations can act as drivers of sustainability for multinational companies For successful nonprofit impact on business governance, it is essential to advocacy nonprofit organizations to engage key business stakeholders, a new study from the University of Eastern Finland shows. These stakeholders, such as employees, investors, politicians and the media, can be influenced by nonprofit organizations in various ways. The study has been published in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.
	Gig workers saw greater financial hardship during COVID-19 than other workers Many gig workers experienced financial hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic, including food insecurity and trouble paying bills, according to a recent study published in Work and Occupations.
	New research shows extra practice in blending letter sounds helps struggling readers New research at Aston University has shown that extra practice in blending printed letter sounds can help struggling beginner readers in reception classes learn to read.
	Study finds your profile picture plays a significant role in whether you get hired A study has found that your online profile picture may play a key role in whether you get hired. The study also found that if your profile photo suggests you "look the part," those hiring you as an employee or freelancer may be more likely to give that more weight than lower ratings, lack of certifications and a fewer number of reviews than your close competitors.
	International Criminal Court judges 'cautious' about using impact of mental health International Criminal Court judges have taken a "cautious" attitude to considering the impact of mental health issues on witnesses and the accused, a new analysis shows.
	There are many reasons disabled people can't just work from home: Cutting benefits won't fix the wider problems As part of the UK government's latest economic plan, disabled people may have to look for jobs they can do from home or face cuts to their benefits. Previously, disabled people with limited ability to work may have received benefits without being required to look for work. Now, Laura Trott, chief secretary to the Treasury, has said that disabled people not in work must "do their duty" and work from home.
	Here's why union support is so high right now Over 65,000 teachers in Québec could remain on strike until Christmas if a deal isn't reached, their union said on Sunday. The warning comes amid widespread labor unrest in the province, including nearly 570,000 workers on strike at the same time last week.
	Researchers reveal the 'Viral Language' of the pandemic Remember "COVIDiots" and the first protests by "anti-vaxxers"?
	How minimum wage rises will affect the early years education and childcare sector The early years sector—nurseries and childminders who offer services to children under the age of five—waited expectantly for news of investment in the UK chancellor's recent autumn statement. But this was not delivered, even though Jeremy Hunt presented 110 economic measures designed to boost UK growth and productivity.
	Framing nationalism in former colonies Conquest, subjugation and plunder are words that spring to mind when we consider colonization. George Orwell, who spent time during the 1920s as a policeman for the British occupiers in what was then Burma, described colonization as a racist system of "despotism with theft as its final object."
	Shared community spaces are key to tackling issues caused by Cornish gentrification, study says Creating and fostering "shared spaces" can help to tackle the problems caused by gentrification and changing communities in Cornwall, a new study says.

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