Science X Newsletter Mon, Nov 6

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 6, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

TESS discovers Saturn-like planet orbiting an M-dwarf star

Arctic Ocean soundscapes reveal changes in mammal populations in response to climate change

Hydrogel-assisted microfluidic spinning of stretchable fibers via fluidic and interfacial self-adaptation

An immune molecule that regulates aging and a living organism's lifespan

Study finds ketamine effects outlast half-life by getting trapped in NMDA receptors

Fossils tell tale of last primate to inhabit North America before humans

From supersolid to microemulsion: Exploring spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

The controllable splitting of a single Cooper pair in a hybrid quantum dot system

Each nostril has a unique sense of smell, intracranial electroencephalogram study finds

Plastic waste in rivers may carry dangerous microbes: Study

Want the secret to less painful belly flops? These researchers have the answer

Bendy X-ray detectors could revolutionize cancer treatment

New research shows quasars can be buried in their host galaxies

Saturday Citations: Moon origins, rat whimsy, microgravity orientation. Plus: Starfish are bodiless heads, it turns out

Study: Animal-to-human diseases could kill 12 times as much by 2050

Nanotechnology news

	Scientists observe composite superstructure growth from nanocrystals in real time For the first time, scientists and engineers have observed in real time how two types of nanoparticles made from different materials combine into new composite materials. The findings, reported by a team led by the University of Pennsylvania and University of Michigan, could help engineers have more control over the assembly of materials that combine the desirable properties of each particle—such as photoluminescence, magnetism and the ability to conduct electricity.
	Single nanoscale hybrid system for studying the vacuum fluctuation field When you think of empty space, you almost certainly imagine a vacuum in which nothing interesting can ever happen. However, if we zoom in to tiny length scales where quantum effects start to become important, it turns out that what you thought was empty is actually filled at all times with a seething mass of electromagnetic activity, as virtual photons flicker in and out of existence.
	Carbon-based sensors are poised to facilitate a seamless human-machine interface Interaction between machines and humans is paramount to the development of the new technologies of the metaverse, which are designed to augment the human experience through cloud computing and extended reality (XR). Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon material, has emerged as an ideal candidate for wearable sensor technology, paving the way for a new era of seamless human-machine interaction (HMI).

Physics news

	From supersolid to microemulsion: Exploring spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates In a new study, researchers from the University of California, Santa Barbara, (UCSB) have reported the discovery of a spin microemulsion in two-dimensional systems of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, shedding light on a novel phase transition marked by the loss of superfluidity, complex pseudospin textures, and the emergence of topological defects.
	The controllable splitting of a single Cooper pair in a hybrid quantum dot system Cooper pairs are pairs of electrons in superconducting materials that are bound to each other at low temperatures. These electron pairs are at the root of superconductivity, a state where materials have zero resistance at low temperatures due to quantum effects. As quantum systems that can be relatively large and easy to manipulate, superconductors are highly useful for the development of quantum computers and other advanced technologies.
	Want the secret to less painful belly flops? These researchers have the answer Anyone who's ever done a belly flop into a swimming pool knows it ends with a blunt-sounding splat, a big splash and a searing red sting. What most people don't know is why.
	Detecting hidden defects in materials using a single-pixel terahertz sensor In the realm of engineering and material science, detecting hidden structures or defects within materials is crucial. Traditional terahertz imaging systems, which rely on the unique property of terahertz waves to penetrate visibly opaque materials, have been developed to reveal the internal structures of various materials of interest.
	Harmful gases could be detected on-the-spot with new way to generate powerful lasers Scientists led by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a novel method to produce intense and ultra-fast lasers that holds promise for making precise devices that can speed up how quickly trace amounts of pollutants and hazardous gases can be sniffed out.
	Graphene's proton permeability: A switch for future energy technologies Researchers from the National Graphene Institute at the University of Manchester have discovered a way to use light to accelerate proton transport through graphene, which could revolutionize the way we generate hydrogen.
	Model shows how fish synchronize tail fins to save energy Researchers from Tohoku University have developed a model that simulates the motion of fish tail fins. The model uncovers the underlying mechanisms behind a commonly observed phenomenon in fish: how they synchronize the movement of their tail fins, riding the resultant vortices created, thereby saving energy.
	Team develops new method for communicating around arbitrary opaque walls Information transfer in free space using ultraviolet, visible, or infrared waves has been gaining interest because of the availability of large bandwidth for high-data-rate communication. However, the presence of opaque occlusions or walls along the path between the transmitter and the receiver often impedes information transfer by blocking the direct line of sight.
	Model suggests that mammalian sperm cells have two modes of swimming A new mathematical model predicts that mammalian sperm cells have two distinct swimming modes. This prediction opens new questions about potential connections between sperm cells' motor activity and their transitions to hyperactivation phases that may play an important role in fertilization. The finding is part of a larger effort to use math and fluid dynamics to describe how mammalian sperm move

Earth news

	Plastic waste in rivers may carry dangerous microbes: Study Plastic litter in rivers might be allowing dangerous pathogens to hitch-hike downstream, a new study published Wednesday found.
	Mother Nature knows best when it comes to climate solutions, social media users say A survey of more than a million social media posts suggests that people feel more positive about nature's ability to solve climate change than human technology, according to new research published in the journal Global Environmental Change.
	Scientists map loss of groundwater storage around the world Global water resources are stretched by climate change and human population growth, and farms and cities are increasingly turning to groundwater to fill their needs. Unfortunately, the pumping of groundwater can cause the ground surface above to sink, as the aquifers below are drained and the architecture of the ground collapses. For the first time, a new study maps this loss of groundwater storage capacity around the world.
	Scientists highlight discrepancies in regional climate models Up to now, the results of climate simulations have sometimes contradicted the analysis of climate traces from the past. A team led by the physicist Thomas Laepple from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Potsdam and the climatologist Kira Rehfeld from the University of Tübingen has therefore brought together experts in climate models and climate tracks to clarify how the discrepancies come about.
	Research team suggests ways to eat our way out of the climate crisis Agriculture is one of the hardest human activities to decarbonize; people must eat, but the land-use practices associated with growing crops account for roughly a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions evaluate a new solution to this problem, one that eliminates farms altogether.
	New model adds human reactions to flood risk assessment Researchers at North Carolina State University have created a land change model that simulates interactions between urban growth, increased flooding and how humans adapt in response. The new model could offer a more realistic assessment of risk for urban planners, natural resource managers and other local government stakeholders.
	In early 2029, Earth will likely lock into breaching key warming threshold, scientists calculate In a little more than five years—sometime in early 2029—the world will likely be unable to stay below the internationally agreed temperature limit for global warming if it continues to burn fossil fuels at its current rate, a new study says.
	2023 ozone hole ranks 16th largest, NASA and NOAA researchers find The 2023 Antarctic ozone hole reached its maximum size on Sept. 21, according to annual satellite and balloon-based measurements made by NASA and NOAA. At 10 million square miles, or 26 million square kilometers, the hole ranked as the 12th largest single-day ozone hole since 1979.
	Our minds handle risk strangely—and that's partly why we delayed climate action so long, researcher says We now have a very narrow window to significantly and rapidly slash greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the most disastrous effects of climate change, with just an estimated six years left before we blow our carbon budget to stay below 1.5°C of warming.
	The world's boreal forests may be shrinking as climate change pushes them northward Earth's boreal forests circle our planet's far northern reaches, just south of the Arctic's treeless tundra. If the planet wears an Arctic ice cap, then the boreal forests are a loose-knit headband wrapped around its ears, covering large portions of Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia.
	PFAS: How research is uncovering damaging effects of 'forever chemicals' Since their inception in the 1940s, the so-called forever chemicals have woven themselves into the fabric of our modern world. But recently, they've been appearing in alarming news headlines about their damaging effects on our health.
	No appetite for vegetarian diet to help the planet, finds study Social media users believe reducing and eliminating meat intake is ineffective in addressing climate change and reported low willingness to engage in either action, according to a new study from La Trobe University.
	Measuring the impact of desert greening Long-term satellite data shows a significant cooling effect of vegetation on land surface temperature. The searing heat of the Arabian Peninsula translates to a population vulnerable to heat stress. As temperatures continue to rise, effective strategies are urgently needed to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change in the region.
	Green spaces can save lives, according to urban big data Against the backdrop of global climate change, extreme heat events are becoming hotter, longer, and more frequent. Such sustained extreme heat has severely impacted people's health all over the world.
	Maps reveal biochar's potential for mitigating climate change Biochar, a charcoal made from heating discarded organic materials such as crop residues, offers a path to lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) at a time when climate scientists warn that urgent action is needed limit CO2 in the atmosphere.
	The first assimilation of CryoSat-2 summer observations provides accurate estimates of Arctic sea ice thickness Scientists have improved a data assimilation system for better estimating Arctic summer sea ice thickness (SIT) by assimilating satellite-based summer SIT and ice concentration data with an incremental analysis update (IAU) approach. Their study shows promising results for the improved estimations of Arctic SIT by assimilating the latest breakthrough of satellite-retrieved SIT for summer in the Arctic.
	Food waste prevention in Europe can generate major footprint savings New research shows that European food consumption draws unnecessarily excessively on global resources, which is why researchers are calling for political action. Many of the foods that are consumed in Europe are produced in countries outside Europe. Food loss—and waste later in the chain—occurs along the food supply chain, from the primary agricultural sector in Europe or rest of the world, until it feeds mouths in Europe.
	A comprehensive approach to tackling pollution in Houston and beyond With its notoriously hot and humid climate and robust industrial environment, Houston is one of the most ozone-polluted cities in the United States. Now, a University of Houston research team is integrating the power of machine learning (ML) with innovative analysis techniques to pinpoint the city's air pollution sources more accurately.
	Storms kill three, displace thousands in southern South America Three people have died and thousands have had to leave their homes due to heavy rains and flooding in southern South America this week, according to officials who pointed to the El Niño weather phenomenon.
	Smog-ridden New Delhi extends schools shutdown Authorities in India's smog-ridden capital New Delhi on Sunday extended an emergency schools closure by a week, with no signs of improvement in the megacity's choking levels of pollution.
	Climate negotiators reach framework to aid vulnerable countries Global climate negotiators reached a framework for a fund to help vulnerable nations deal with loss and damage from increasingly extreme weather, though the breakthrough was marred by sparring over exactly how the program would be funded.
	Fans forgo facemasks as India's toxic smog clouds World Cup The smog-choked Indian capital was ranked as the planet's most polluted major city on Monday, but the love of the game trumped health worries for fans at the cricket World Cup.

Astronomy and Space news

	TESS discovers Saturn-like planet orbiting an M-dwarf star Astronomers have discovered a new giant exoplanet orbiting an M-dwarf star using NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The newly detected alien world, designated TOI-5344 b is similar in size and mass to Saturn. The finding is reported in a paper published October 31 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	New research shows quasars can be buried in their host galaxies A new study reveals that supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies, known as quasars, can sometimes be obscured by dense clouds of gas and dust in their host galaxies.
	In US capital, selfies with asteroid hinting at Earth's origins In a hushed room of a museum in Washington, cameras and cell phones focus on a tiny piece of rock, no larger than a piece of gravel.
	New Webb images show gas-rich baby galaxies setting the early universe alight New images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have helped Australian astronomers unlock secrets of how infant galaxies started an explosion of star formation in the very early universe.
	Midlife crisis of the universe: Research finds galaxies' interactions did not affect interstellar dust Dust is the most vital organ in galaxies. It absorbs and scatters stellar light, a phenomenon that is referred to as dust attenuation. On the other hand, dust emits this absorbed radiation thermally in the infrared. Normally, dust emits a similar amount of energy as it was absorbed from stars. This relation between dust absorption and emission, is called the energy balance.
	NASA telescopes discover record-breaking black hole Astronomers have discovered the most distant black hole yet seen in X-rays, using NASA telescopes. The black hole is at an early stage of growth that had never been witnessed before, where its mass is similar to that of its host galaxy.
	NASA's Curiosity rover clocks 4,000 days on Mars Four thousand Martian days after setting its wheels in Gale Crater on Aug. 5, 2012, NASA's Curiosity rover remains busy conducting exciting science. The rover recently drilled its 39th sample, then dropped the pulverized rock into its belly for detailed analysis.
	Huge 'blobs' inside Earth are from another planet, study suggests Scientists proposed a novel idea on Wednesday that could solve two of the world's mysteries at once—one that passes over our heads every night, and one that sits far below our feet.
	Endeavour assembly at Science Center starts with lifting 52-ton rockets into place The space shuttle Endeavour's twin giant rockets will be hoisted by crane next week and affixed into place atop the craft's aft skirts in a first step of assembling a full-stack configuration of the shuttle at the future Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center.
	Old data from Kepler turns up a system with seven planets NASA's Kepler mission ended in 2018 after more than nine years of fruitful planet-hunting. The space telescope discovered thousands of planets, many of which bear its name. But it also generated an enormous amount of data that exoplanet scientists are still analyzing.
	NASA spacecraft discovers tiny moon around asteroid during close flyby The little asteroid visited by NASA's Lucy spacecraft this week had a big surprise for scientists.
	Image: Hubble captures spiral galaxy NGC 1566 This vibrant Hubble Space Telescope image features the spiral galaxy NGC 1566, sometimes informally referred to as the "Spanish Dancer Galaxy." Like the subject of another recent image, NGC 1566 is a weakly-barred or intermediate spiral galaxy. This means that it does not have a clearly present or a clearly absent bar-shaped structure at its center.
	SETI works best when telescopes double-check each other The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) has evolved considerably in the past 60 years since the first experiment was conducted. This was Project Ozma, which was conducted in 1960 by Dr. Frank Drake and his colleagues using the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Green Bank, West Virginia. While the experiment did not reveal any radio signals from space, it established the foundation upon which all future SETI is based. Like Ozma, the vast majority of these experiments have searched for possible technosignatures in the radio spectrum.
	TESS finds eight more super-Earths NASA's Kepler spacecraft has discovered most of the confirmed exoplanets that we know of. But its successor, TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), is catching up. New research announces the validation of eight more TESS candidates, and they're all Super-Earths.
	Dimorphos is probably a piece of Didymos Last September, NASA purposefully smashed a spacecraft into Dimorphos, a 160m-wide space rock orbiting a larger asteroid named Didymos. The goal of the mission, called DART (the Double Asteroid Redirection Test), was to demonstrate humanity's ability to redirect hazardous asteroids away from Earth. That part of the mission was a success above and beyond all expectations.
	Civilizations could use gravitational lenses to transmit power from star to star In 1916, famed theoretical physicist Albert Einstein put the finishing touches on his theory of general relativity, a geometric theory for how gravity alters the curvature of spacetime. The revolutionary theory remains foundational to our models of how the universe formed and evolved. One of the many things GR predicted was what is known as gravitational lenses, where objects with massive gravitational fields will distort and magnify light coming from more distant objects. Astronomers have used lenses to conduct deep-field observations and see farther into space.
	Europe to hold competition to build space cargo ship The European Space Agency announced Monday it would hold a competition between firms to build a ship to deliver cargo to the International Space Station, in a potential first step towards independent missions carrying astronauts.
	Searching for the supernova neutrino background to the universe It's a sobering statement that stars like the sun, more accurately all stars will die eventually—yes, even the sun. Don't panic, though, we still have a good few billion years to go so you will get to the end of this article. The more massive stars die as the dramatic supernovae explosions and when they do, they send a burst of neutrinos across the universe. Astronomers now think it's likely there is a background of neutrinos across the cosmos and that one day, we will be able to map the historical distribution of supernova explosions, may be even by 2035.
	SpaceX launch makes it 60 for the Space Coast, this time with record booster flight Another Space Coast night launch Friday marked the 60th liftoff from the Space Coast for the year, this time with a booster flying for a record 18th time.
	Europe to decide its future in space at Seville summit European ministers are meeting in the Spanish city of Seville on Monday and Tuesday to decide on the continent's future in space, including potential exploration missions and an ongoing rocket launcher crisis.
	Early production continues on advanced upper stage for NASA moon rocket Technicians at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans have completed a major portion of a weld confidence article for the advanced upper stage of NASA's SLS (Space Launch System) rocket. The hardware was rotated to a horizontal position and moved to another part of the facility Oct. 24.

Technology news

	Spider-inspired, shape-changing robot now even smaller This shape-changing robot just got a lot smaller. In a new study, engineers at the University of Colorado Boulder debuted mCLARI, a 2-centimeter-long modular robot that can passively change its shape to squeeze through narrow gaps in multiple directions. It weighs less than a gram but can support over three times its body weight as an additional payload.
	Seeking stability to support sustainable outdoor solar cells The molecular structure of organic semiconductors is key to the outdoor stability of organic solar cells. Molecular-level insight into one family of organic solar cell materials, known as Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (Y-NFAs), could help enhance their outdoor stability.
	Team challenges usual practices in organic electronics Merit analysis is a vital element of the scientific process, ensuring that research is based on rigorous evidence and sound methodology. It enables scientific advancement, boosts credibility, quality and reliability for future research. It allows a research community to build a common language, common practices and common logic.
	Decarbonizing light-duty transportation in the US: Study reveals strategies to achieve goal One of the goals outlined by the Biden administration's National Climate Task Force in 2021 was to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to 50%–52% below 2005 levels by 2030.
	Lightening the load: Researchers develop autonomous, customizable electrochemistry robot Researchers at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology have developed an automated laboratory robot to run complex electrochemical experiments and analyze data.
	Neuromorphic computing research: Team proposes hardware that mimics the human brain Technology is edging closer and closer to the super-speed world of computing with artificial intelligence. But is the world equipped with the proper hardware to be able to handle the workload of new AI technological breakthroughs?
	New study finds electric vehicles are driven less than gas cars Mass adoption of electric vehicles (EV) is a key part of plans to decarbonize the United States' energy system. As EV ownership in the U.S. increases, understanding how much EV owners are driving their cars informs everything from climate and energy models to U.S. policy and energy planning.
	Powered by AI, new system makes human-to-robot communication more seamless The black and yellow robot, meant to resemble a large dog, stood waiting for directions. When they came, the instructions weren't in code but instead in plain English: "Visit the wooden desk exactly two times; in addition, don't go to the wooden desk before the bookshelf."
	How Canadian companies can use tech to identify forced labor in their supply chains Levi Strauss Canada is yet another company facing allegations of forced labor in its supply chain. The allegations, which Levi Strauss denies, center on whether the company is working with suppliers using Uyghur forced labor. With over 27 million people worldwide in forced labor, we can expect to witness similar allegations elsewhere in the coming years.
	Musk teases AI chatbot 'Grok,' with real-time access to X Elon Musk on Saturday unveiled details of his new AI tool called "Grok," which can access X in real time and will be initially available to the social media platform's top tier of subscribers.
	Some houses are being built to stand up to hurricanes and sharply cut emissions, too When Hurricane Michael hit the Florida Panhandle five years ago, it left boats, cars and trucks piled up to the windows of Bonny Paulson's home in the tiny coastal community of Mexico Beach, Florida, even though the house rests on pillars 14 feet above the ground. But Paulson's home, with a rounded shape that looks something like a ship, shrugged off Category 5 winds that might otherwise have collapsed it.
	Humanoid robots are here, but they're a little awkward. Do we really need them? Building a robot that's both human-like and useful is a decades-old engineering dream inspired by popular science fiction.
	Tech giants jockey for position at dawn of AI age Whether they sell smartphones, ads or computer chips, the heavyweights of Silicon Valley have everything to prove to investors looking to see who is best placed in the race to dominate the generative artificial intelligence market.
	Korean scientists develop an alternative technology for 'SF6', a major culprit of global warming Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) has developed a world-class "eco-friendly insulating gas" that replaces SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride), the main cause of global warming in the field of electric power equipment, and developed a design technology to make it applicable to ultra-high voltage transmission circuit breakers.
	Energy transition: A super-model to guide policy makers How can we ensure that an energy policy will achieve its objectives? To find out, scientists and public authorities can rely on computer models of varying degrees of accuracy. However, these models have a number of limitations, including the fact that they are not very effective for generating projections on a regional scale.
	Cobalt nanoparticles could become a significant player in the pursuit of clean energy To help address climate change, we urgently need to transition to clean energy. The energy sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which are the primary drivers of global warming.
	Abandoned oil rigs could scrape carbon from the sky and store it in empty undersea reservoirs Keeping control of our planet's thermostat is proving tricky these days. Temperatures are rising slowly, and inaction is proving costly as we awkwardly lurch towards a cleaner future.
	Do you trust AI to write the news? It already is—and not without issues Businesses are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate media content, including news, to engage their customers. Now, we're even seeing AI used for the "gamification" of news—that is, to create interactivity associated with news content.
	ChatGPT-maker OpenAI hosts its first big tech showcase as the AI startup faces growing competition Less than a year into its meteoric rise, the company behind ChatGPT unveiled the future it has in mind for its artificial intelligence technology on Monday as it launched a new line of chatbot products that can be customized to a variety of tasks.
	UK permits 'world-first' flight powered by sustainable fuels Britain's aviation regulator announced Monday it has issued Virgin Atlantic with a permit for a "world-first" transatlantic flight powered entirely by sustainable aviation fuels (SAF).
	Inexpensive water-treatment monitoring process powered by machine learning Small, rural drinking water treatment (DWT) plants typically use only chlorine to implement the disinfection process. For these plants, free chlorine residual (FCR) serves as a key performance measure for disinfection. The FCR is stated as the concentration of free chlorine remaining in the water, after the chlorine has oxidized the target contaminants.
	Enhancing thermo-electrochemical cell efficiency The generation of electricity from the human body may not be a superpower at all; rather, it appears to be a commonplace occurrence. Recent research conducted by a POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology) team looks at enhancing the efficiency of a thermo-electrochemical cells capable of generating electricity from the human body's natural temperature.
	Epic Games and Google face off in court over app store The maker of hit videogame Fortnite, Epic Games, and Google faced off in federal court in San Francisco as a trial began over whether the internet giant wields monopoly power at its Play Store.
	Advances in soft robotics usher in a new era of scientific analysis, says researcher Could robots, whose forms can be adapted to achieve almost any real-world task, soon be able to lend a hand in understanding the paleoecology tracing of extinct organisms?
	Relief in crypto world over Bankman-Fried conviction Cryptocurrency backers on Friday celebrated the fraud conviction of the industry's one-time golden boy Sam Bankman-Fried, hoping the embattled sector can finally turn the page on a multibillion dollar scandal.
	New vehicles from Detroit's automakers are planned in contracts that ended UAW strikes Stellantis plans to build a new midsize pickup truck, along with battery-run versions of six Jeep, Ram and Dodge vehicles.
	Does an AI tool help boost adoptions? Key takeaways from an AP Investigation Former social worker Thea Ramirez has developed an artificial intelligence -powered tool that she says helps social service agencies find the best adoptive parents for some of the nation's most vulnerable kids.
	Telecom Italia approves US fund's bid for network Telecom Italia on Sunday approved an offer by US investment fund KKR for its fixed-line network, infuriating its main shareholder which vowed to contest the "illegal" decision.
	EU tells TikTok to 'spare no effort' to fight disinformation The EU's top tech enforcer told TikTok's CEO on Monday to "spare no effort" to counter disinformation, but recognized the changes already made by the video-sharing platform.
	EU probes AliExpress to examine curbs on illegal products The EU on Monday announced an investigation into Chinese e-commerce giant AliExpress, seeking more details on what measures it is taking to protect consumers online from illegal products, including fake medicines.
	Ryanair rewards shareholders after profit soars Irish no-frills airline Ryanair on Monday announced the start of regular dividends to shareholders after net profit surged 72 percent in its first half on higher fares and record traffic.
	WeWork stock halted as rumors swirl about bankruptcy preparations for the office sharing company Trading in shares of WeWork were halted Monday as rumors swirl that the office sharing company, once valued as high as $47 billion, will seek bankruptcy protection.
	Video: Breaking down the threat of ransomware attacks As of the beginning of this year, more than 72% of businesses worldwide have been affected by ransomware attacks, according to the global data and business intelligence platform Statista.
	Screw extension additive manufacturing key to load-bearing plastic structures from the 3D printer With granulate-based plastic processes, it is now possible to design highly durable products and produce them economically, even in closed material cycles.

Chemistry news

	Hydrogel-assisted microfluidic spinning of stretchable fibers via fluidic and interfacial self-adaptation Stretchable polymeric fibers have significant impact, although their production requires rigorous environmental methods and resource consumption. The process is challenging for elastic polymers with reduced spinnability and high performance, such as silicones, polydimethylsiloxane, and ecoflex.
	Research team develops biotechnological process to degrade plastics The lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that make biocatalysis possible is an obstacle to developing biotechnological processes that allow the recycling of plastics. A research project led by a team from the Universitat Jaume I has made it possible to degrade widely used PET plastics through a natural enzyme, CALB, by modifying the pH of the medium. This opens up a new way to recycle PET, which is present, for example, in containers, bottles or textiles of all kinds, and generates harmless compounds that are useful in subsequent synthesis processes.
	Researchers develop stable and efficient inorganic CsPbI3 solar cells The chemical and thermal stable inorganic cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskite has shown great potential for photovoltaic applications. DMAPbI3 (dimethylammonium [DMA]) or "HPbI3"-assisted crystallization is effective for the preparation of high-quality β- or γ-phase CsPbI3 films, but it unfortunately causes DMAPbI3 residue and the degradation of photovoltaic performance and stability.
	Scientists develop new hydrogels for wound management Open wounds, whether caused by accidents or from medical procedures like surgery, require proper management to speed up healing and prevent infections. While sutures and staples are common wound closure methods, they can cause secondary tissue injuries, potentially leaking fluids and gases and requiring anesthetics. Tissue adhesive glues are a more attractive alternative but often suffer from toxicity and weak adhesion.

Biology news

	Arctic Ocean soundscapes reveal changes in mammal populations in response to climate change While the sounds of our oceans may be familiar to us through the lens of nature documentaries, from the haunting calls of whales to the barks of some fish, this acoustic environment can provide a wealth of knowledge to scientists regarding the complex interplay of nature and humanity. Not only this, but ocean soundscapes can record environmental changes, hinting at the ever-evolving underwater world and its response to climate change.
	Fossils tell tale of last primate to inhabit North America before humans The story of Ekgmowechashala, the final primate to inhabit North America before Homo sapiens or Clovis people, reads like a spaghetti Western: A grizzled and mysterious loner, against the odds, ekes out an existence on the American Plains.
	Study shows how bird flu could be eradicated by editing the genes of chickens Recent advances in gene editing technology could potentially be used to create disease-resistant animals. This could curtail the spread of avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu.
	Researchers use powerful AI tool to gain new insights into protein structures An international team of researchers has revealed new insights about the three-dimensional structure of certain types of proteins by using the powerful artificial intelligence tool AlphaFold2.
	Video technology could transform how scientists monitor changes in species evolution and development Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the study of species evolution, and provided further evidence that state-of-the-art visual technology can be used to track the tiniest changes in different organisms' development.
	Genetic analysis shows European wildcats avoided introduced domestic cats for 2,000 years Domestic cats introduced from the Near East and wildcats native to Europe did not mix until the 1960s, despite being exposed to each other for 2,000 years, according to two research papers published in Current Biology.
	First wireless map of worm's nervous system revealed Researchers have built the first ever map showing how every single neuron in the nervous system of a tiny worm communicates wirelessly. This huge step forward in understanding how neurons communicate through extremely short proteins called neuropeptides will help scientists understand how our emotions and mental states are controlled, as well as widespread neuropsychiatric conditions like eating disorders, OCD and PSTD.
	New study sheds light on Adélie penguins' reliance on declining sea ice during molt A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences underscores the pivotal role that seasonal Antarctic sea ice plays in the annual molting periods of Adélie penguins.
	Crust-forming algae are displacing corals in tropical waters worldwide Over the past few decades, algae have been slowly edging corals out of their native reefs across the globe by blocking sunlight, wearing the corals down physically, and producing harmful chemicals. But in recent years, a new type of algal threat has surfaced in tropical regions like the Caribbean—one that spreads quickly and forms a crust on top of coral and sponges, suffocating the organisms underneath and preventing them from regrowing.
	Plants' ingenious defense against mutational damage Humans wouldn't last long without plant mitochondria and chloroplasts. These essential compartments of plant cells famously capture sunlight and power plant life—and so, ultimately, provide all the food we eat. But there's a problem: Mitochondria and chloroplasts store instructions for their building blocks in their own "organelle" DNA or oDNA—and this can get mutated.
	New 'little bitty' dinosaur discovered in North Texas Scientists from the Perot Museum of Nature and Science recently named a newly discovered species of a plant-eating dinosaur, suggesting the animal once used to roam eastern North America more than 96 million years ago.
	Oldest known samples of brittle stars from supercontinent Gondwana discovered in South Africa A small team of paleontologists with members from Rhodes University, in South Africa, the National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg City, and the University of Oxford, in the U.K., has discovered the oldest known brittle star samples from the supercontinent Gondwana at a dig site in South Africa. In their paper published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, the group describes where the samples were found, their condition, and where they fit on the ophiuroid family tree.
	First interactive enrichment system for giraffes prototyped in Scottish zoo Academics and zookeepers in Scotland have teamed up to tackle a tall order: designing the world's first interactive enrichment system for giraffes.
	Study discovers role for gut bacteria in host-pathogen competition for nutrients When pathogens like Salmonella invade the gut, a struggle for essential nutrients such as iron begins. Salmonella—and other bacteria—produce compounds to capture iron, and the host counters with its own proteins to sequester those compounds and starve the pathogen, a response called nutritional immunity.
	Phytoplankton uptake of mercury controlled by thiols, study shows Methylmercury is one of the chemicals that poses the greatest threat to global public health. People ingest methylmercury by eating fish, but how does the mercury end up in the fish? A new study shows that the concentrations of so-called thiols in the water control how available the methylmercury is to living organisms.
	How egg cells store proteins for the beginning of a new life When mammals have offspring, they invest a lot. Unlike fish or frogs, the embryo cannot develop on its own. It has to implant in the uterus, where it is supplied with everything it needs to survive. Until this happens, the egg cell nourishes the early embryo. Among other things, it provides essential proteins.
	Experiment shows biological interactions of microplastics in watery environment Scientists have learned over the years that when aquatic organisms such as zooplankton become exposed to microplastics, they eat poorly. Research at Purdue University now shows that their plastic-induced eating difficulties also limit the ability of zooplankton to control algal proliferation.
	How the antioxidant glutathione keeps mitochondria healthy If a delivery person leaves a package on your front step without pinging you, you likely won't know it's there. A hungry cell awaiting refuel is in a similar position. It has to be alerted to the presence of nutrients outside of the cell wall by a sensing mechanism so that a transporter protein can bring the nourishment inside.
	Fossil study shows frogs were Florida's first-known vertebrates from the Caribbean Deep in the forests of Haiti lives the blue-eyed La Hotte glanded frog (Eleutherodactylus glandulifer), which once went 20 years without being observed by scientists. It belongs to a diverse genus from the Caribbean that also includes the much more common coquí frog (Eleutherodactylus coquí), a cultural icon in Puerto Rico.
	City and highway lights threaten mountain lion habitats City lights shine all night amid the bustling traffic, businesses and neighborhoods of Southern California, one of the most populated areas that mountain lions call home.
	Learning more about how flu strains evolved may help guide future vaccine development Simon Fraser University researchers studying the evolutionary history of flu viruses have found that a new quantitative analysis of how they evolved may help predict future strains. The research draws on a field known as phylogenetics, which focuses on how groups of organisms are evolutionarily related, and is published in the journal Science Advances.
	Paleobionics: A 450 million-year-old organism finds new life in softbotics Researchers in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, in collaboration with paleontologists from Spain and Poland, have used fossil evidence to engineer a soft robotic replica of pleurocystitid, a marine organism that existed nearly 450 million years ago and is believed to be one of the first echinoderms capable of movement using a muscular stem.
	Researchers reveal true crabs' epic ancient odyssey from sea to land and back again Crabs are unique and continuously evolving animals, often moving their lifestyles out of marine environments for other environments to do so. The most popular food species can be fully marine (snow crab) or estuarine (Maryland blue crab, Dungeness crab). Some highly terrestrial species can climb trees if they are in higher levels, while others will die if they are fully immersed in water as adults.
	The last turn of 'Ezekiel's Wheel' honors a fossil hunter The mystery of Ezekiel's Wheel—the extinct sea creature, not the Biblical vision—may have taken its final turn, thanks to Yale paleontologists. In so doing, the researchers have also finally put a scientific name to the favorite fossil of a beloved amateur fossil hunter.
	Huge spiders in Eastern US aren't going away, experts say Since their arrival in Georgia nearly 10 years ago, the yellow-banded Joro spiders and their huge webs have set up camp in the southeastern U.S., experts say.
	Researchers report mass bleaching of coral reefs in warming Florida oceans: 'Like a forest without trees' Peering over the edge of research vessel Coral Reef II as it sailed through the Florida Keys, Shedd Aquarium postdoctoral fellow Shayle Matsuda saw white.
	Can we eat our way through an exploding sea urchin problem? Longspined sea urchins are native to temperate waters around New South Wales. But as oceans heat up, their range has expanded more than 650km, through eastern Victoria and south to Tasmania. Their numbers are exploding in the process, clear-felling kelp forests and leaving "urchin barrens" behind.
	Millions of sterile fruit flies are being dropped on LA to fight an infestation The citrus trees at C&S Nursery in Baldwin Hills would normally be full of passionfruit, kumquats and other fruits this time of year. But last month, employees stripped dozens of them and placed them at the rear of the lot, away from the public, as part of an all-out quarantine effort aimed at eradicating one of the most destructive pests in the world: the Mediterranean fruit fly.
	Scientists reveal new mechanism for dynamic regulation of manchette microtubules during sperm development Researchers led by Meng Wenxiang from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have shown that knocking out of the calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 1 (CAMSAP 1) gene, which is associated with the minus ends of non-centrosomal microtubules, in mice resulted in typical oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, including abnormal sperm head and tail, reduced sperm quantity, decreased sperm motility, and male infertility.
	The debate over native plants and their cultivars gathers steam Research to prove or debunk current opinions remains scarce as the debate over whether native plants or their cultivars attract and nourish the most pollinators.
	Establishing the science of stone walls New England's landscape is known for many things, such as the brilliant diversity of colorful foliage on display each autumn. It is at this time of the year when another iconic landscape feature re-emerges as the leaves fall—thousands of miles of stone walls. Sometimes sinuous, sometimes geometric, stone walls are a signature feature of the New England landscape, a latticework of bare rock in an otherwise plant-covered world. When viewing them up close, it becomes clear that stone walls are also vital features of the ecosystem, with an abundance of creatures making their homes in and around them.
	Do racehorses even know they're 'racing' each other? It's unlikely When racing season arrives, everyone becomes an expert on the horses that are the stars of the spectacle.
	Q&A: Growing African vegetables on buildings can save space and feed cities—new study As cities grow, more people need food. However, space for farming is limited in cities. Building facades can offer a solution for growing food. We asked landscape architect Karen Botes to tell us about her research—cultivating traditional African vegetables on walls.
	Vampire viruses prey on other viruses to replicate themselves—and may hold the key to new antiviral therapies Have you ever wondered whether the virus that gave you a nasty cold can catch one itself? It may comfort you to know that, yes, viruses can actually get sick. Even better, as karmic justice would have it, the culprits turn out to be other viruses.
	Study finds almost the same amount of carbon is sequestered in mineral soil and stems in heath forests A recent study from the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) examined the size of carbon stocks in heath forests and their distribution into different compartments of the forest ecosystem both above and below the ground level. The carbon flux moving through tree litter and the water flux was also measured. The largest carbon stocks in the heath forest ecosystem were measured in spruce-dominated forests in Southern Finland and the smallest in pine forests in Northern Lapland. The highest carbon volumes were sequestered in stems and mineral soil.
	Threatened sharks and rays caught off Cyprus Sharks and rays from threatened species are being caught off northern Cyprus, according to a new study by scientists who are working with local authorities and fishers to protect the animals.
	The Wnt signaling pathway: The foundation of cell growth, development, and potential therapeutics The Wnt signaling pathway, a system present in living organisms, plays a pivotal role in cell growth, differentiation, and migration. It has a long history dating back to 1982, when the first Wnt gene, essential for cellular growth, was discovered. The pathway is initiated by Wnt ligands, a set of 19 glycoproteins that transmit signals through specific receptors and proteins, leading to modifications in gene expression.
	Researchers supply significant genomic insight into tar spot on corn First reported in 2015, tar spot is an emerging disease on corn that has rapidly spread across the United States and Canada, causing tremendous yield loss estimated at $1.2 billion in 2021 alone. Tar spot gets its name from its iconic symptoms that resemble the splatter of "tar" on corn leaves, but these spots are in fact brown lesions formed by the fungal pathogen Phyllachora maydis.
	Researchers create a breathable alveolus in vitro Researchers from Zhejiang University have successfully constructed biomimetic alveoli outside the human body that can replicate the process of human breathing.
	Study examines the relationship between mice and a plant that flowers once a century Researchers at Nagoya University in Japan have revealed new insights into the interaction between mast seeding plants and the animals that eat their seeds. Hanami Suzuki and Professor Hisashi Kajimura examined the behavior of field mice using seeds from once-in-a-century flowering sasa bamboo plants in central Japan.
	New algae species rewrites understanding of reef systems A discovery has been made in the heart of the world-renowned Great Barrier Reef and unique reefs systems of the Coral Sea and Lord Howe Island, leading to a greater understanding of how the world heritage-listed landmark is protected.
	Once they have laid their eggs, fish become 'young' again: Study The physical relief—in body weight—that temperate fish like cod and Atlantic herring experience after they spawn for the first time allows them to breathe in more oxygen and develop a voracious appetite, all of which leads to a rapid increase in body weight.
	Outer Banks beaches saw a busy sea turtle nesting season On the Outer Banks, 2023 nesting numbers indicate that sea turtles had a solid year.
	Scientists assemble first semi-wild-type melon T2T genome Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important vegetable crop that has an extensive history of cultivation, and has been classified into two subspecies, C. melo ssp. agrestis and C. melo ssp. melo.
	Q&A: Birds of East Africa—their extraordinary diversity and changing behavior 101 Curious Tales of East African Birds is a new book that uses academic research to tell fascinating stories about the tropical birds of east Africa, from well-known species to rare ones. It also explores changing bird behavior in the region. Its author, Colin Beale, studies shifts in the distribution of birds and other animals. We asked him four questions.

Medicine and Health news

	An immune molecule that regulates aging and a living organism's lifespan Aging is a natural process that affects all living organisms, prompting gradual changes in their behavior and abilities. Past studies have highlighted several physiological factors that can contribute to aging, including the body's immune responses, an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (i.e., free radicals) and antioxidants, and sleep disturbances.
	Study finds ketamine effects outlast half-life by getting trapped in NMDA receptors Researchers at Zhejiang University, China, have explored mechanisms for the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine, suggesting that a direct N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blockade might play a role.
	Each nostril has a unique sense of smell, intracranial electroencephalogram study finds Research led by the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, has examined the neural processes underlying odor processing in the human olfactory system and how the brain handles odor information from different nostrils.
	Bendy X-ray detectors could revolutionize cancer treatment New materials developed at the University of Surrey could pave the way for a new generation of flexible X-ray detectors, with potential applications ranging from cancer treatment to better airport scanners.
	Study: Animal-to-human diseases could kill 12 times as much by 2050 Certain diseases transmitted from animals to humans could kill 12 times as many people in 2050 than they did in 2020, researchers have claimed.
	Researchers find the roots of tau tangles in Alzheimer's disease An experimental drug can reduce the toxic changes in tau proteins known to damage neurons in brains with Alzheimer's disease, researchers from Yale School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins University report.
	Chicago community violence intervention program shown to reduce gun violence New research shows large reductions in gun violence involvement for participants of a Chicago-based community violence intervention (CVI) program.
	Epidemiology and genetics of clonal hematopoiesis, a premalignant hematopoietic stem cell condition A comprehensive new study from deCODE genetics published in Nature Genetics, provides insights into the epidemiology and somatic and germline genetics of clonal hematopoiesis. Whole genome sequence data from Iceland and the UK Biobank, combined with a unique somatic mutation Barcoding strategy, was used to investigate clonal hematopoiesis at the population scale.
	A blood test shows MS worsening one to two years before it happens Multiple sclerosis patients whose blood tests reveal elevated NfL, a biomarker of nerve damage, could see worsening disability one to two years later, according to a new study spearheaded by researchers at UC San Francisco.
	The dual role of well-known protein sheds light on Parkinson's disease mechanisms The protein alpha-synuclein (aSN) has long been known as a main cause in Parkinson's disease and Lewy Body Dementia, for example, when it forms lumpy protein aggregates that destroy cell function—but aSN in its natural form, without clumping, has not had a concrete, known function.
	Neural circuit location of strong sense of discomfort found Researchers have identified a new neural circuit in the brain which produces a strong sense of discomfort when activated. The discovery also allows them to show for the first time that the subthalamic nucleus, a structure in the brain that controls voluntary movements, may also play a role in the development of depression. The results could lead to better treatments for Parkinson's disease.
	Genetic architecture may be key to using peacekeeping immune cells to treat autoimmunity or fight cancer Regulatory T cells are specialized immune cells that suppress the immune response and prevent the body from attacking its own cells. Understanding how these cells work is key to determining how they might be manipulated to encourage the destruction of cancer cells or prevent autoimmunity.
	Brain implant may enable communication from thoughts alone A speech prosthetic developed by a collaborative team of Duke neuroscientists, neurosurgeons, and engineers can translate a person's brain signals into what they're trying to say.
	Researchers chart new approach to improving kidney transplant access According to nephrologist Dr. Amit Garg, for those with advanced chronic kidney disease, the treatment options are stark: continuous dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive.
	New research identifies a threshold of immunity for COVID-19 How much immunity do we need against COVID-19? New international research led by scientists in Ireland and published in Nature Communications, has identified a "threshold of immunity" to SARS-CoV-2.
	Improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy with modified CAR-T cells CAR-T cell therapy is a last hope for many patients with blood, bone marrow or lymph gland cancer when other treatments such as chemotherapy are unsuccessful. A limiting factor of this otherwise very effective and safe therapy is that the cells used in the process quickly reach a state of exhaustion.
	New process produces purer, safer pancreas stem cells for potential transplant A University of Alberta team has developed a new step to improve the process for creating insulin-producing pancreatic cells from a patient's own stem cells, bringing the prospect of injection-free treatment closer for people with diabetes.
	Standing blood pressure test found to be more accurate in detecting hypertension Measuring blood pressure while patients are standing rather than sitting may improve the accuracy of readings, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers report. Their findings, published in Scientific Reports, could lead to significant improvements in early detection of high blood pressure in healthy adults.
	Study reveals genetic chain reaction that drives the spread of prostate cancer New research from scientists at VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center and the VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) determined that a particular gene—MDA-9/Syntenin-1/SDCBP—is the ringleader behind a molecular domino effect driving prostate cancer growth and metastasis. The findings could hold significant clinical implications for the treatment of prostate cancer and other forms of disease.
	Spinal implant allows Parkinson's patient to walk again A man with advanced Parkinson's disease is now able to walk almost normally again thanks to electrodes implanted in his spinal cord, researchers said on Monday.
	Researchers develop a nasal vaccine that prevents COVID-19 in preclinical studies A team of University of Maryland researchers developed a nasal spray vaccine that delivers the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into cells of the airway in mice and hamsters, triggering an immune response that significantly reduced infection and spread of COVID-19. The technology can be adapted to induce immunity to other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections.
	AAV-based gene therapies in non-human primates suggest integration into human DNA is unlikely to drive cancer mutations Gene therapy adeno-associated viruses (AAVs)—viruses that can be engineered to deliver DNA to target cells—are unlikely to cause cancer-triggering insertions in humans or monkeys and may contribute to long-term efficacy, according to new research from the University of Pennsylvania's Gene Therapy Program (GTP).
	Attacking the roots of pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer is not just one disease, but that's the way it is currently treated. New work from Tannishtha Reya's lab could help pave the way for a change. The research is published in the journal Cancer Cell.
	Tai chi may help manage Parkinson's disease symptoms—new research The centuries-old martial art of tai chi is shown to have many health benefits—including improving balance, reducing anxiety and preventing cardiovascular disease.
	Tai chi might help seniors counter mild cognitive decline The ancient art of tai chi, plus a modern twist, may help older adults reverse mild declines in brain power, a new clinical trial reveals.
	Study confirms effectiveness of newer arthritis meds Newer oral medications for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do work quite well in the "real world," despite some doubts that they would, according to a new study.
	High biological age may increase the risk of dementia and stroke People who have a higher biological age than their actual chronological age have a significantly increased risk of stroke and dementia, especially vascular dementia. These are the results of a study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. The study is titled, "Clinical biomarker-based biological aging and future risk of neurological disorders in the UK Biobank."
	Real-world analysis of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lower blood sugar levels and have additional beneficial effects on kidney and heart health for individuals with and without diabetes, but little is known about the safety and efficacy of these medications in kidney transplant recipients. Research that examined this will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023 November 1–5.
	Emergency departments saw firearm injuries in children double during pandemic Pediatric Emergency Department (ED) visits for firearm injuries doubled during the pandemic compared to earlier trends, according to a multicenter study published in the journal Pediatrics. During this time, deaths from firearm injuries in children and adolescents that occurred after arrival to the hospital also doubled—up from 3 percent of ED visits pre-pandemic to 6 percent of ED visits during the pandemic.
	At the same PSA level, Black men found more likely to have prostate cancer than white men Black men in the United States are more likely to develop prostate cancer than white men, and after diagnosis, they're more likely to have advanced disease and to die than white men with the disease.
	After cardiac arrest, family members need support, too Family members or loved ones who must make treatment decisions for people who have survived cardiac arrest benefited greatly from resources and interventions to help guide their decisions and provide support for them throughout the recovery process, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium 2023.
	Cognitive behavioral therapy found to be beneficial for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome Researchers from Amsterdam UMC and King's College London have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is beneficial for those with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). They analyzed data from trials involving almost 1,300 patients and found that CBT led to a reduction in fatigue and physical limitations. These results are published today in Psychological Medicine.
	Self-control isn't always a good thing—having too much can be bad for your mental health Having high self-control is often seen as a good thing. It's believed to be key to success in many aspects of life—whether that's getting a promotion at work, sticking to your workout regime or resisting the temptation of a sweet treat when you're watching what you eat.
	When Oregon decriminalized drugs, overdoses went up. Will that happen with Australia's recent legislation? A new bill came into effect in the ACT at the weekend decriminalizing personal possession of common illegal drugs.
	Alterations in functional network reorganization identified in Meniere disease Alterations in functional network reorganization may serve as potential biomarkers for clinical progression in Meniere disease (MD), according to a study published online Oct. 5 in Scientific Reports.
	Sublingual immunotherapy safe, effective for treating toddlers' peanut allergy Peanut sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is safe and effective at inducing desensitization and remission in 1- to 4-year-old children, according to a study published online Oct. 10 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
	Pediatric neurogenic bladder cases are not fully evaluated Pediatric neurogenic bladder (NGB) cases are not fully evaluated in routine clinical practice, according to a study published online Oct. 16 in Advances in Therapy.
	Artificial intelligence may help predict—possibly prevent—sudden cardiac death Predicting sudden cardiac death, and perhaps even addressing a person's risk to prevent future death, may be possible through artificial intelligence (AI) and could offer a new move toward prevention and global health strategies, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium 2023, held Nov. 11–12, in Philadelphia.
	Prediabetes and persistent tobacco use may triple risk of stroke in healthy young adults The combination of persistent tobacco use and prediabetes (higher than normal blood sugar levels that may progress to type 2 diabetes) triples the risk of stroke in young adults who do not have other cardiovascular risk factors, according to a preliminary study presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023 held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia.
	Racial, ethnic, and gender diversity lacking in surgical leadership Gender, ethnic, and racial diversity are lacking in leadership positions across U.S. academic surgery departments, according to a study published online Oct. 11 in JAMA Surgery.
	Managing your heart health through menopause Women can help protect their heart health as they go through menopause.
	Women may not recognize non-lump symptoms of breast cancer Fewer than half of women recognize symptoms other than a lump in the breast as a potential sign of breast cancer, according to the results of a survey commissioned by The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center: The James (OSUCCC-James).
	Medical debt is disappearing from Americans' credit reports, lifting scores The share of American consumers with medical debt on their credit reports has declined dramatically over the past year as major credit rating agencies removed small unpaid bills and debts that were less than a year old, according to a new analysis from the nonprofit Urban Institute.
	AI may accurately detect heart valve disease and predict cardiovascular risk Advances in artificial intelligence have enabled the development and application of AI tools that may be effective at detecting heart valvular disease and predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease events, according to preliminary research in two studies to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia.
	Your biological age predicts dementia and stroke regardless of your actual age—new study As we journey through life, the risk of developing chronic diseases, including cancer, heart disease and neurological disorders, increases significantly. However, while we all grow older chronologically at the same pace, biologically, our clocks can tick faster or slower. Relying solely on chronological age—the number of years since birth—is inadequate to measure the body's internal biological age.
	Following 'Life's Essential 8' checklist may slow biological aging by six years Having high cardiovascular health may slow the pace of biological aging, which may reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular and other age-related diseases while extending life, according to a preliminary study to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia.
	Black, Hispanic cardiac arrest survivors often treated at hospitals with lower quality measures Across the U.S., Black and Hispanic people who survived cardiac arrest occurring outside of a hospital setting were less likely than white people to survive to hospital discharge or survive with favorable neurological outcomes, potentially due to the quality measures of the hospital to which they are admitted, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium 2023, held Nov. 11–12 in Philadelphia.
	Depression, anxiety and stress linked to poor heart health in two new studies The heart and mind are strongly connected, with depression, anxiety and chronic stress all increasing the risk for heart and brain health complications, according to two preliminary studies to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia.
	Air pollution-related hospitalization for chest pain, heart attack differed by seasons Short-term increases in fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) during the summer and winter months in a mountain valley region of Utah were associated with increased health care visits for heart attack and unstable chest pain; however, the risk for each cardiac event differed by season, according to a preliminary study to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, to be held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	Marijuana use linked with increased risk of heart attack, heart failure Using marijuana regularly may raise the risk for heart failure, stroke or heart attack even after accounting for other cardiovascular risk factors such as Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity, according to two preliminary studies to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, to be held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	American Indian and Alaska Native adults had higher rate of premature heart attack deaths American Indian and Alaska Native adults had significantly higher heart attack death rates at younger ages compared to adults in other racial and ethnic group, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, to be held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	A child's race, ethnicity and/or neighborhood may influence survival after cardiac arrest Children's survival and recovery after a cardiac arrest may be impacted by their race, ethnicity and/or the neighborhood where they live, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, to be held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	Could drones one day speed AED delivery to cardiac arrest scenes across the US? A research simulation suggests that a drone delivery system could improve access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs), a portable device that can shock the heart rhythm back to normal when a person is experiencing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium 2023. The meeting, to be held Nov. 11–12, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advances related to treating cardiopulmonary arrest and life-threatening traumatic injury.
	Traumatic events may exacerbate the effects of poor sleep on children's heart health Traumatic events experienced during childhood may magnify the negative health effects of too much or too little sleep on children's cardiovascular health, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia.
	Q&A: Nursing homes hardest hit by health care employment declines Among health care job sectors, nursing homes have been the most adversely affected by declines in employment growth since the pandemic—a rate more than triple that of hospitals or physician offices, says a University of Michigan researcher.
	Ethnic minority groups less likely to receive early psychosis treatments People experiencing a psychotic episode for the first time are less likely to receive early psychological interventions in England if they are from an ethnic minority background, finds a new study led by UCL researchers.
	With practice, older adults can regain manual dexterity that may have seemed lost Despite what ads for wrinkle cream would have us believe, there's no magic reversal for aging. As the years pass, a certain amount of change is inevitable but not, it turns out, inexorable.
	Research suggests neighborhood stressors dangerously elevate pregnancy hormones Pregnant women living in blighted neighborhoods with high levels of known stressors have higher levels of testosterone—the primary sex hormone in males—which disrupt hormone regulation and may lead to life-threatening complications during and after childbirth, according to Rutgers research.
	Study reveals that women stroke survivors believe they will receive worse care in the emergency room Women who have survived a stroke believe they are less likely to receive adequate emergency care—based on gender and race or ethnicity, a study led by Michigan Medicine and Brown University finds.
	Clinical study suggests measuring uterine muscle activity could inform strategies for safer and faster childbirth Artificially causing—or inducing—labor is becoming increasingly common, yet this practice comes with risks and its level of success is difficult to foresee. But now, new research may offer a way to help predict outcomes and improve the process.
	Predicting cancer patient response to drugs that block DNA repair Researchers have identified genetic tests that predict which cancer patients may benefit from the drugs in combination with chemotherapy.
	Study confirms efficacy of ezetimibe combination therapy for LDL-C reduction in high risk patients Moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy was confirmed to be effective on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction in patients at very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The research team found out that the therapy has a higher compliance rate for continuous medication administration than the conventional high-intensity statin monotherapy.
	Experimental pacemaker converts heartbeat energy to recharge battery By converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, an experimental wireless, or leadless, pacemaker housing is able to partially recharge its battery, according to a proof-of-principle study to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia.
	Stigma, fear may keep shooting survivors from seeking mental health services A new study finds that shooting survivors may not seek the mental health services they need after experiencing gun violence due to stigma, fear and a lack of trusted resources. The study, led by assistant professor Lauren Magee with the Indiana University O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs in Indianapolis, is featured in the JAMA Network Open.
	Someone has told you they're self-harming. Now what? For many people, self-harm can be a difficult behavior to understand. It also comes with a lot of stigma.
	A 4-day week might not work in health care. But adapting this model could reduce burnout among staff The COVID pandemic saw a mass exodus of health-care workers across developed countries, exacerbating an existing health-care staffing crisis.
	Opinion: Hockey's wake-up call—neck guards should be mandatory following Adam Johnson's death The death of professional ice hockey player Adam Johnson from a freak injury has renewed debates about protective hockey equipment. On Oct. 28, the 29-year-old died after being cut in the neck by a skate blade during an English league hockey game.
	Viewpoint: As a death doula and professor who teaches about dying, I see a need for more conversations about death A growing number of folks may have heard of the death-positive movement, death cafés or death-friendly communities—each of which are animated by the understanding that welcoming our own mortality could improve the quality of our lives.
	When science showed that gas stoves produce harmful indoor air pollution, the industry used tobacco's PR playbook In 1976, beloved chef, cookbook author and television personality Julia Child returned to WGBH-TV's studios in Boston for a new cooking show, "Julia Child & Company," following her hit series "The French Chef." Viewers probably didn't know that Child's new and improved kitchen studio, outfitted with gas stoves, was paid for by the American Gas Association.
	Reducing poverty may reduce risk of developing dementia Could reducing poverty go hand-in-hand with reducing the risk of developing dementia, the kind in which an elderly person shows signs of Alzheimer's disease but is cognitively healthy and autonomous?
	Higher rates of cardiovascular complications among pregnant women in states with restrictive abortion policies: Study Pregnant individuals living in states with tighter constraints on abortion access were found to be more likely to have cardiovascular complications, like hypertension, compared to peers in states with less abortion access restrictions, according to a new research letter from scientists at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
	Poor night's sleep can trigger atrial fibrillation the next day We all know that a lousy night's sleep can leave us feeling drained the next day. Now a study by UC San Francisco has found another reason to catch more Z's: poor sleep is tied to significantly higher odds of experiencing atrial fibrillation (A-Fib)—irregular heartbeats that can lead to blood clots, heart failure, stroke and other heart-related problems—the following day.
	Research team discovers new role of cerebellum in coordinating the brain network essential for social recognition memory As millions of Americans struggle with memory loss and dementia brought on by increasingly common neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, greater understanding of how the brain works and is affected in those suffering from memory loss will be key to advancing more effective and targeted treatments.
	Parkinson's research: New hope when treatment options seem exhausted As Parkinson's progresses, more invasive therapies are used, for example, those that require brain surgery. When these therapies no longer deliver the desired results, physicians often conclude that treatment options are exhausted. A study led by researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) now shows that such patients can still benefit from a change in treatment. So far, however, this option has only been used very rarely.
	Management of recurrent gastrointestinal cancer with ripretinib and surgery Ripretinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that was approved by the United States FDA in 2020 for treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in patients who received prior treatment with three or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
	Matthew Perry's public struggle with addiction helped alleviate stigma, experts say A year before his sudden death, "Friends" co-star Matthew Perry appeared on a podcast where he shared that he didn't want to be remembered for his time on the sitcom, but for his work helping others with addiction.
	Pancreas 'crosstalk' may influence course of type 1 and type 2 diabetes In the largest study of its kind, researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have identified unexpected alterations in the exocrine tissues of the pancreas that occur in the two major forms of diabetes, and with aging and obesity.
	Boosting immune system in chronic myeloid leukemia may lead to discontinuation of blood cancer drugs In a recent study published in Leukemia, Finnish researchers investigated why some patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) can discontinue their daily medication safely.
	Frailty status in older adults associated with more adverse events after surgery A new study from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine shows that frailty is associated with higher rates of death and major morbidity after surgery.
	Understanding that chronic back pain originates from within the brain could lead to quicker recovery, study finds Most people with chronic back pain naturally think their pain is caused by injuries or other problems in the body such as arthritis or bulging disks. But our research team has found that thinking about the root cause of pain as a process that's occurring in the brain can help promote recovery. That is a key finding of a study my colleagues and I recently published in JAMA Network Open, a monthly, open-access medical journal.
	Inflammatory bowel disease increases risk for later arrhythmias Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) overall, as well as Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) individually, have an increased risk for developing later arrhythmias, according to a study published online Oct. 19 in PLOS Medicine.
	Myocardial infarction classified into four stages based on myocardial tissue injury In an expert consensus statement published online Oct. 28 in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology, the authors present the classification of four stages of myocardial infarction (MI) based on myocardial tissue injury, culminating in cardiomyocyte and microvascular necrosis.
	Antireflux mucosal ablation safe, effective for refractory reflux disease Antireflux mucosal ablation (ARMA) cuts short-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms in two-thirds of patients undergoing the endoscopic treatment, according to a study published in the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
	Tyson chicken nuggets recalled over small metal pieces in product Nearly 30,000 pounds of dinosaur-shaped chicken nuggets have been recalled by maker Tyson Foods Inc. after customers discovered small bits of metal in some of the nuggets.
	Methotrexate reduces pain in hand osteoarthritis with synovitis For patients with hand osteoarthritis and synovitis, methotrexate has a potentially clinically meaningful effect on reducing pain, with no increase in adverse events, according to a study published online Oct. 12 in The Lancet.
	CDC advisors recommend masks in hospitals without naming type Advisors to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have voted to recommend that health providers wear masks during routine care for patients who are thought to be contagious.
	Workplace ostracism clearly associated with health care workers' job satisfaction, stress, and perceived health: Study Workplace ostracism refers to someone being excluded from social interaction in the workplace without any explanation. Published in Journal of Advanced Nursing, a recent study by the University of Eastern Finland shows that workplace ostracism weakened health care workers' job satisfaction and perceived health, and increased stress. The study also explored the mediating effects of loneliness and self-esteem on the aforementioned factors. A key observation was that loneliness did not weaken job satisfaction as much as ostracism alone did.
	Research finds higher risk of 17 cancers after high BMI in late teens Men who are overweight or obese at age 18 have a higher risk of 17 different cancers later in life. This has been shown by research from the University of Gothenburg. The research also describes how the youth obesity epidemic is expected to affect the cancer situation over the next 30 years.
	DNA study reveals BRCA1 mutations in three sisters, prompts life-changing decisions Sisters often share certain genetic traits, such as hair color and facial features. But for three sisters from Minnesota, they discovered a much deeper connection—a shared genetic mutation known to dramatically increase their risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
	Nasal microorganism to the rescue? Study confirms protective role of bacterium in chronic rhinosinusitis Like other countries in the world, Japan has witnessed a worrisome increase in the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) over the last decade. An inflammatory disease that lasts at least 12 weeks, CRS can cause nasal congestion, nasal discharge, trouble breathing through the nose, facial pain, and even loss of sense of smell.
	Potential inheritable effects and ethical considerations of epigenome editing Epigenome editing is an emerging technology used to regulate gene function by controlling epigenetic states at specific locations on the genome. This method is distinct from traditional genetic editing, which involves permanently altering the DNA sequence. Notably, the intervention effects of epigenome editing are thought to be reversible, making this technology particularly attractive for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of genetic disorders and chronic diseases.
	Key Medicare payment model fails to improve mental health, finds study A nationwide Medicare program that aims to improve health care and reduce costs by linking health-care reimbursements to health quality and cost outcomes has resulted in no improvements in mental health care, according to a study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the Yale School of Public Health.
	Firearm injuries among children and adolescents lead to huge mental and behavioral health consequences: Study The alarming increase in firearm injuries to children and adolescents in the United States has taken an enormous mental and behavioral health toll on victims, survivors, and their families, with ripple effects on the economy and health care spending, researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS) have found.
	Study shines light on the health of pregnant people in the year after birth Maternal mortality in the U.S. is on the rise and more than half of maternal deaths occur in the postpartum year.
	Social media giants send mixed signals on muscle-building supplement content A new study finds that while user-generated content and advertising content related to illegal muscle-building drugs is prohibited across all social media platforms, legal muscle-building dietary supplements have faced few restrictions.
	Excess mortality during pandemic was higher among workers in critical occupations While numerous news reports and previous studies have revealed disparities in COVID-19-related deaths among certain populations, including older adults, people of color, and people with pre-existing medical conditions, researchers at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health (SPH) have now added a new element to this conversation—differences in rates of death among workers in critical occupations during the pandemic.
	Success of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in fighting dengue may be underestimated The fight against dengue fever has a new weapon: a mosquito infected with the bacteria Wolbachia, which prevents the spread of the virus. These mosquitoes have now been deployed in several trials demonstrating their potential in preventing disease transmission.
	Those with kidney failure due to sickle cell disease wait longer for transplants, have higher mortality Children and young adults with kidney failure due to sickle cell disease (SCD) wait longer for a kidney transplant and have significantly higher mortality when compared to children and young adults with kidney failure not caused by SCD, according to research published by Le Bonheur nephrologist Rima Zahr, DO. Research on the outcomes of children with kidney failure due to SCD has previously been limited.
	Long COVID in women may be linked to inflammation levels at peak of infection, new research suggests Women who have mild inflammation in the acute stages of COVID-19 infection may be more likely to experience a particular set of long COVID symptoms, according to new research.
	Independent studies using smart mouthguard data sheds light on playing rugby like never before World Rugby Chairman Sir Bill Beaumont has welcomed results from the largest ever studies into the forces experienced by rugby players. The results, which provide players and parents with greater clarity and confidence than ever before into the benefits and safety of rugby, are a first anywhere in world sport.
	People whose genotype supports physical activity found to have lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease In a study conducted at the University of Jyväskylä's Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, it was found that individuals with a genetic predisposition for higher levels of physical activity have fewer risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and a reduced risk of developing hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted as an international collaboration and was published in the European Journal of Epidemiology.
	Study sheds light on diabetes drug for prostate cancer In the years since a 2005 study found that diabetes patients taking metformin had lower rates of cancer, oncologists have been excited by the prospect of using the inexpensive, safe, and widely used diabetes drug to prevent or slow the development of many cancers.
	Research shows mRNA vaccine harnesses T-cell power to combat COVID-19 in lungs The effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in reducing disease severity and hospitalization from COVID-19 is well established. Now, new research from the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine advances our understanding of how these vaccines protect the lungs following breakthrough infections from emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
	Inconsistent uptake of US Federal Child and Adult Care Food Program means children lack access to nutritious food Current participation rates in the US federal Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) by licensed child care centers point to program underutilization and unequal access, according to the first nationwide analysis of data on CACFP participation in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
	Novel urine-based test offers new hope for bladder cancer patients Bladder cancer, notorious for being one of the most costly malignancies to manage, often results in patient discomfort and frequent invasive and expensive procedures. Traditional treatments, though gradually being replaced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have yielded varied success rates with limited predictors for individual patient responses.
	A new gene classification system for gastric cancer A research team has announced a new genetic classification system for gastric cancer by a multicenter study with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. This research could lay the foundation for personalized gastric cancer treatment.
	High-intensity aerobic exercise helps prevent menopause-related muscle power loss, finds study Menopause causes a decrease in "muscle power," an indication of muscle function and strength. However, postmenopausal loss of muscle power can be partially prevented by using high-intensity interval training (HIIT), a form of aerobic exercise. The findings by researchers in the Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, are presented in a new study published in the American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology.
	Physicists overturn common assumptions regarding brain activity The brain is a complex network containing billions of neurons. The soma of each of these neurons communicates simultaneously with thousands of others via their synapses (links), and collects incoming signals through several extremely long, branched "arms," called dendritic trees.
	Predicting postpartum hospitalizations among high-risk populations Racial inequities in maternal morbidity and mortality persist into the postpartum period, leading to a higher rate of postpartum hospital use among Black and Hispanic people but until now little was understood how to best identify people at high risk.
	Review examines antibiotic prescribing in outpatient telemedicine A new report in the journal Telemedicine and e-Health provides a review of the published literature on antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic stewardship in outpatient telemedicine. At least 28% of antibiotic use in outpatient settings is unnecessary, contributing to excess costs, adverse drug events, and antibiotic resistance.
	Investigating new and future therapies for managing inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that affect the gastrointestinal tract. In recent decades, there have been significant advances in the understanding of IBD pathophysiology and the development of new treatments.
	Researchers develop AI technology for image recognition in the medical field A research team led by Professor Sang-hyun Park of the Department of Robotics and Mechanical Engineering/Artificial Intelligence, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), collaborated with a research team from Stanford University in the US to develop federated learning AI technology that enables large-scale model learning without sharing personal information or data.
	Study validates new scale for measuring pandemic-related traumatic stress in children and adults The Pandemic-related Traumatic Stress Scale (PTSS) can be used to effectively measure stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and identify children and adults with higher levels of stress who may need additional mental health support, according to a new study .
	Researchers use AI to predict challenging behaviors common in profound autism Using artificial intelligence tools to analyze years of biomedical data, researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have discovered a possible connection between sleep, gastrointestinal health, and two potentially harmful behaviors often associated with profound autism: self-injury and aggression. Their study is published in the Journal of Personalized Medicine.
	Study highlights optimal timing for assessing orthostatic hypotension in older adults and its impact on fall risk A new study, "Timing of Orthostatic Hypotension and its Relationship with Falls in Older Adults," has brought critical insights into the assessment of orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure commonly found among older adults when transitioning from a sitting or lying position to a standing position that can lead to dizziness and falls.
	Patients more likely to lose weight if physicians offer advice using optimistic tone, research finds An analysis of patient encounters at 38 primary care clinics found that patients were more likely to participate in a recommended weight loss program and lose weight successfully if physicians presented treatments for obesity as good news and as an "opportunity" rather than emphasizing the negative consequences of obesity or using neutral language. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	First in human trial of new drug raises hopes for patients with relapsed blood cancer A new targeted drug, studied by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC—James), may offer a new treatment option for patients with blood cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) whose disease has stopped responding to standard treatments.
	'Worse than people can imagine': Medicaid 'unwinding' breeds chaos in states More than two dozen people lined up outside a state public assistance office in Montana before it opened to ensure they didn't get cut off from Medicaid.
	Californians who need help paying for round-the-clock home care are stuck on a state waitlist Nine months after giving birth, Caitlin Martin is still waiting to bring her son home from the hospital.
	Landmark study reveals critical shortage in UK prosthetic and orthotic workforce A Staffordshire University study has revealed a significant deficit in the number of prosthetists, orthotists, prosthetic and orthotic technicians, and support workers in the UK.
	Ask the pediatrician: How to talk with your child about the Israel-Gaza war The Israel-Gaza war is distressing, and children and teens may be wondering why this violence is occurring and what else will happen in the future. Like adults, they are better able to cope with upsetting news and images when they understand more about the situation.
	Transgender adults in rural US had disproportionately higher cardiovascular disease risk Transgender adults living in the rural Appalachian area of the U.S., were more likely to have cardiovascular disease risk factors, like tobacco use, obesity and high blood pressure, thank their cisgender peers, according to a preliminary study to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, to be held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	How much protein do I need as I get older? And do I need supplements to get enough? If you are a woman around 50, you might have seen advice on social media or from influencers telling you protein requirements increase dramatically in midlife. Such recommendations suggest a 70 kilogram woman needs around 150 grams of protein each day. That's the equivalent of 25 boiled eggs at 6 grams of protein each.
	Q&A: Researcher discusses genetics and biomarkers of frailty thesis Frailty is an age-related state of physiological decline and is a strong predictor of disability and mortality. Researchers are trying to improve our understanding of the biology of frailty and to find ways of identifying frail older adults with the aim to improve individualized management of frailty.
	Denmark can save lives and costs by reducing nitrate in drinking water, researchers say Denmark could save lives and more than $300 million a year by reducing the amount of nitrate in its drinking water. This, according to calculations by researchers from the University of Copenhagen, Aarhus University and GEUS. An ever-growing body of research concludes that the amount of nitrate in some Danish boreholes increases the risk of colorectal cancer.
	UK researchers call for better integration of mental health and alcohol services among minority ethnic groups Researchers at Lancaster University, King's College London, the University of Liverpool and Edge Hill University explored the relationship between alcohol and mental health among UK minority ethnic groups in a joint report.
	Advanced treatments target advanced shoulder issues Shoulder pain, weakness and range of motion loss can keep you from the activities you need and love to do, whether it's lifting boxes on the job, putting away dishes in the kitchen or hitting that powerful tennis serve.
	Q&A: Testing the efficacy of new vaccines against enteroviruses Marta Butrym from the Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), at the department of Medicine, Huddinge (MedH), is defending her thesis, "Novel vaccines and antiviral treatments for enterovirus induced infections and disease," on November 10, 2023. Her main supervisor is Malin Flodström Tullberg (MedH).
	The uncharted role of HER2 mutant alleles in breast cancer A new editorial paper titled "The uncharted role of HER2 mutant alleles in breast cancer has been published in Oncotarget.
	Majority of non-binary youth avoid team sports due to discrimination and barriers, study finds Non-binary youth face immense barriers and discrimination preventing them from participating in team sports, according to a new study from Simon Fraser University.
	Brooke Shields had a grand mal seizure—here's what you need to know about the condition Actress and model Brooke Shields has revealed she suffered a grand mal seizure in September. In an interview, Shields revealed that the seizure caused her to lose control of her movements, froth at the mouth and eventually lose consciousness. The actress doesn't have a history of seizures—and many people reading her story may be wondering if they're also at risk.
	Doctors get tips on how to make health care greener Cutting nitrous oxide waste in hospitals, switching to reusable vaginal speculums for cervical screening, and prescribing tablets over intravenous drugs are just some of the tangible actions doctors can take to reduce the carbon footprint of health care.
	Chronic liver diseases: What new insights are there? Fatty liver diseases (FLD) have become a significant health concern worldwide, affecting millions. The two most common types of FLD are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic-associated liver disease (ALD).

Other Sciences news

	Saturday Citations: Moon origins, rat whimsy, microgravity orientation. Plus: Starfish are bodiless heads, it turns out Good morrow and a cheerful week's end to you. This week, we reported on notable developments in the lack of starfish body development. Physicists used a new method to revisit the planetary collision that likely formed the moon and might have found chunks of doomed planet Theia deep in the Earth's mantle. And in experiments, rats, as seen in the subway, are demonstrating the power of imagination, as seen on LeVar Burton's "Reading Rainbow." Worlds collide!
	Best of Last Week—starfish are all head, an all-analog photoelectronic chip, antibiotics no longer effective It was a good week for biology research as a combined team of marine biologists from Stanford University and UC Berkeley discovered that starfish are all head—they found very little evidence of gene signatures associated with a torso or tail. Also, a team at Newcastle University, in the U.K., working with a colleague from Constructor University, in Germany, identified the bacterial mechanism for vitamin B12 uptake, possibly paving the way for new research to bolster antibiotics. And a team at Texas A&M's School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences conducted a genome sequencing project that revealed new secrets about cat evolution—such as how they developed their survival abilities.
	Abortion bans linked to increase in children entering foster system, researchers find In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade, effectively ending 50 years of federal protections to abortion care. As of October 2023, 26 states have since enacted laws to ban or restrict abortion access, with 14 states completely banning the procedure.
	New evidence strongly suggests Indonesia's Gunung Padang is oldest known pyramid A team of archaeologists, geophysicists, geologists, and paleontologists affiliated with multiple institutions in Indonesia has found evidence showing that Gunung Padang is the oldest known pyramid in the world. In their paper published in the journal Archaeological Prospection, the group describes their multi-year study of the cultural heritage site.
	Long-distance weaponry identified at the 31,000-year-old archaeological site of Maisières-Canal The hunter-gatherers who settled on the banks of the Haine, a river in southern Belgium, 31,000 years ago were already using spearthrowers to hunt their game. This is the finding of a new study conducted at TraceoLab at the University of Liège.
	Rewarding women more like men could reduce wage gap Addressing the shortage of women in STEM-related fields such as computer science is not enough to close the gender gap in both representation and pay: Treating women more like men, especially on pay day, is more important than representation alone, according to Cornell research.
	Democrats and Republicans have sharply different attitudes about removing misinformation from social media, finds study Misinformation is a key global threat, but Democrats and Republicans disagree about how to address the problem. In particular, Democrats and Republicans diverge sharply on removing misinformation from social media.
	Understanding all kinds of English accents can improve empathy and learning—and even be a matter of life and death In a 2019 sketch from the US late-night comedy show Saturday Night Live (SNL), the actor James McAvoy plays a Scottish air traffic controller attempting to help a US brand integration manager (Mikey Day) land a plane in distress, because the pilot has been knocked unconscious. The fact that Day's character is not a pilot only partly explains why the mayday call is not a success. McAvoy lays on thick Glaswegian, in both accent and vocab, and none of the Americans on board understand a word he says.
	Homeowners often feel better about life than renters, but not always—whether you are mortgaged matters Homeownership has long been thought of as the great Australian dream. For individuals, it's seen as the path to adulthood and prosperity. For the nation, it's seen as a cornerstone of economic and social policy.
	Grain as a weapon: Russia-Ukraine war reveals how capitalism fuels global hunger International fears about the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on an existing global food crisis appear to have faded in the seven months since Russia pulled out of a deal that allowed Ukraine to export grain to world markets.
	Opinion: It's time to limit how often we can travel abroad—'carbon passports' may be the answer The summer of 2023 has been very significant for the travel industry. By the end of July, international tourist arrivals globally reached 84% of pre-pandemic levels. In some European countries, such as France, Denmark and Ireland, tourism demand even surpassed its pre-pandemic level.
	Researcher: The climate crisis is making gender inequality in developing coastal communities worse Around the world, women and men experience the impacts of the climate crisis in different ways. These are shaped by societal roles and responsibilities and result in widening inequalities between men and women.
	Boys' reading motivation continues to lag: How schools can address this problem Children's reading skills have been declining for some time now. Apart from the known fact that boys' reading skills are worse than girls', it is also common knowledge that they are less motivated when it comes to reading. But Radboud researchers Margriet van Hek and Gerbert Kraaykamp have discovered that both schools and parents can address the problem of reading motivation. "The active encouragement of reading for pleasure in the classroom really helps boys."
	Black Americans from well-educated families continue to face educational barriers, finds study While racial disparities in education have narrowed in the U.S., African American individuals from well-educated backgrounds still find it especially difficult to attain the same high level of education as their parents. A new study points to entrenched racial inequalities in parts of American society.
	Avalanche of published academic articles could erode trust in science A rapid rise in the number of academic articles being published could undermine public trust in science, warns an international study posted to the arXiv preprint server.
	The health and economic toll of gun violence in youth Since 2020, firearms have been the number one cause of death among children and teens in the United States, surpassing even car accidents, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, more than 4,500 young people died from firearm injuries.
	Mental health in the workplace is an ongoing challenge In Quebec workplaces, psychological distress and psychotropic drug use have fallen back to prepandemic levels, but symptoms of depression, anxiety and burnout have become more widespread.
	STEM Career Days boost high school students' career aspirations in STEM fields, study finds A new study at the University of Missouri—in partnership with Harvard-Smithsonian researchers—shows that when colleges host "STEM Career Days," the students who attend are far more likely to pursue a career in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) related field.
	Two faces of dignity: A Kantian perspective on ride share drivers' fight for decent working conditions On November 3, 2016, Emmanuel Macron, who had recently launched a presidential bid, mentioned what he felt was Uber's positive role in providing work opportunities to low-income or unemployed youth (our translation and emphasis):
	Q&A: 'Hot hand' in sports is real, but there's a catch Fans and players both feel it in the gut when the "hot hand" shows up in sports. Something special is happening that can't be explained. Cross your fingers the streak continues.

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