Science X Newsletter Wed, Nov 1

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 1, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

The future of AI hardware: Scientists unveil all-analog photoelectronic chip

Astronomers now know how far the Earth is from 200 galaxies

Study reveals the origin of high superconducting critical temperatures in trilayer cuprates

Strange magnetic material could make computing energy-efficient

Long presumed to have no heads at all, starfish may be nothing but

Massive anomaly within Earth's mantle may be remnant of collision that formed moon

Salt solution cools computers, boosts performance

High metabolism is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease, finds study

Nanowire 'brain' network learns and remembers 'on the fly'

Ocean warming is accelerating, and hotspots reveal which areas are absorbing the most heat

Non-invasive technology maps brain activity to investigate behavior changes in neurological disease

What's standing in the way of sustainable steel?

Cancer drug could hold hope for treating inflammatory diseases including gout and heart diseases

Study shows marine oxygen landscape was shaped by plate movement and biological innovation

Neuroscientists uncover important thinning mechanism that affects how the brain matures in adolescence

Nanotechnology news

	Nanowire 'brain' network learns and remembers 'on the fly' For the first time, a physical neural network has successfully been shown to learn and remember "on the fly," in a way inspired by and similar to how the brain's neurons work.
	Simulating how electrons move through biological nanowires The movement of electrons across wires is what allows us to use electricity every day. Biological nanowires, microscopic wires made of proteins, have caught researchers' attention for their ability to carry electrons over long distances.
	A liquid water-molecule-based graphene heterogeneous photodetector and its application in an oximeter In the context of the development of smart health care towards digitalization, the new generation of photodetectors has a wide range of application prospects and huge market value. The characteristics of graphene material, such as large carrier mobility, excellent optical transparency and high mechanical strength, make it a favorite for the development of new generation photodetectors.
	Neutralizing electronic inhomogeneity in cleaved bulk MoS₂ Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a highly versatile material that can function, for example, as a gas sensor or as a photocatalyst in green hydrogen production. Although the understanding of a material usually starts from investigating its bulk crystalline form, for MoS2 much more studies have been devoted to mono and few layer nanosheets.
	Reactant enrichment of nanoreactors boosts hydrogenation performance Hollow-structured supported metal catalysts (i.e. nanoreactor catalysts) with encapsulated active sites and well-defined shells provide an ideal place for multicomponents to react or transform cooperatively in an orderly manner, and efficiently have been recognized as one of the most popular catalyst candidates.

Physics news

	Study reveals the origin of high superconducting critical temperatures in trilayer cuprates High-temperature cuprate superconductors are a broad class of materials that exhibit some unique characteristics. Due to their distinctive properties, these materials exhibit the highest superconducting temperatures reported to date under ambient pressure.
	Strange magnetic material could make computing energy-efficient A research collaboration co-led by EPFL has uncovered a surprising magnetic property of an exotic material that might lead to computers that need less than one-millionth of the energy required to switch a single bit.
	Micro heat engine research cracks an age-old thermodynamic puzzle Designing a heat engine that can produce maximum power at maximum efficiency is a major challenge. Practical heat engines are limited to a theoretical efficiency called the Carnot limit, which sets a cap on how much heat can be converted to useful work.
	Scientists use supercomputers to make optical tweezers safer for living cells Optical tweezers manipulate tiny things like cells and nanoparticles using lasers. While they might sound like tractor beams from science fiction, the fact is their development garnered scientists a Nobel Prize in 2018.
	Spatiotemporal mode-locking and dissipative solitons in multimode fiber lasers The birth of spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) can date back to the report of Wright and colleagues in 2017. Following this breakthrough, research on STML has thrived. However, our comprehension and control of spatiotemporal dissipative solitons (STDSs) and STML in multi-mode fiber (MMF) lasers are not as mature as those in single-mode fiber lasers.

Earth news

	Ocean warming is accelerating, and hotspots reveal which areas are absorbing the most heat Ocean warming has accelerated dramatically since the 1990s, nearly doubling during 2010–2020 relative to 1990–2000, according to new UNSW Sydney-led research.
	Study shows marine oxygen landscape was shaped by plate movement and biological innovation The oxygen content of seawater has a profound impact on the cycling of bioessential elements and the habitability of Earth. But how and why the marine oxygen landscape (i.e., the spatial pattern of oxygen levels) evolved since the start of the Phanerozoic 538 million years ago is not well established.
	New insights into the India–Asia collision in the Western Himalayas dating back to circa 55 million years Hundreds of millions of years ago, the surface of the Earth looked very different from how we see it today. There were just two continents: Laurasia and Gondwanaland. The present Indian subcontinent was part of Gondwanaland, which broke up about 150 million years ago.
	Human emissions have increased mercury in the atmosphere sevenfold: Study Humans have increased the concentration of potentially toxic mercury in the atmosphere sevenfold since the beginning of the modern era around 1500 C.E., according to new research from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).
	Flight-collected data links methane plumes to tundra fires in western Alaska In Alaska's largest river delta, tundra that has been scorched by wildfire, is still emitting more methane than the rest of the landscape long after the flames died, scientists have found. The potent greenhouse gas can originate from decomposing carbon stored in permafrost for thousands of years. Its release could accelerate climate warming and lead to more frequent wildfires in the tundra, where blazes have been historically rare.
	Ozone hole is about average size, despite undersea volcano eruption that was expected to worsen it With last year's undersea volcano injecting massive amounts of water high into the atmosphere, scientists were bracing for a big Antarctica ozone hole this fall. But it didn't happen.
	New research finds that nature-based solutions are essential for Brazil to meet its 2050 net zero pledge Without the implementation of nature-based solutions, in particular ending deforestation and restoring native vegetation, Brazil would jeopardize its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) pledges including achieving net zero GHG emissions by mid-century, according to research published today from an international team led by the University of Oxford. The study also concluded that halting deforestation is the single most important mitigation measure Brazil can take towards net zero emissions by 2050 while preventing biodiversity loss.
	China lithium boom harming fragile Tibetan plateau: report China's booming electric vehicle industry is fueling a lithium rush in the Tibetan plateau that risks damaging the troubled region's fragile ecology and deepening rights violations, research published Wednesday said.
	Eruption of Eurasia's tallest active volcano sends ash columns above a Russian peninsula Huge ash columns erupted from Eurasia's tallest active volcano Wednesday, forcing authorities to close schools in two towns on Russia's sparsely populated Kamchatka Peninsula.
	New flood modeling research aims to produce more accurate predictions On Aug. 21, 2021, Waverly, Tennessee, received nearly one-third of its average annual rainfall in just a few hours—the resulting 17 inches of rain led to one of the deadliest flooding events on record.
	Earth's vital signs are now in 'uncharted territory,' climate scientists warn Massive wildfires in Canada, Greece and Hawaii. All-time record heat waves. Hurricanes with surprising ferocity, like the one that devastated Acapulco last week.
	Storms or sea-level rise—what really causes beach erosion? Beaches are dynamic. They change from week to week and month to month. Have you ever wondered what causes these changes? Or how beaches might fare as sea levels rise and if storms increase in frequency and severity?
	Storm Ciaran triggers weather alert in northwestern Europe Much of northwestern Europe went on high alert Wednesday as a storm dubbed Ciaran threatened to bring gale-force winds and extreme rainfall to the region.
	Is the jet stream changing? Heavy precipitation, wind storms, heat waves—when severe weather events such as these occur they are frequently attributed to a wavy jet stream. The jet stream is a powerful air current in the upper troposphere that balances the pressure gradient and Coriolis forces. It is still not known whether the jet stream is really undergoing changes at decadal timescales and, if so, to what extent.
	A mathematical model for studying methane hydrate distribution in the Nankai Trough Methane hydrate is a naturally occurring ice-like crystalline solid that forms when methane and water are subjected to geological high-pressure and low-temperature conditions. It is often found trapped in continental margin sediments and permafrost.
	How the relationship between the land and atmosphere facilitated China's extreme weather in summer 2022 Extreme weather and climate events, such as droughts, heat waves, and rainstorms, pose serious threats to human health, agricultural production, and energy supplies. These events often occur at the same time, and such "compound extreme events" can cause far more damage than any one single event.
	North China smog to last until mid-November: state media Serious pollution is expected to remain over Beijing and surrounding areas until the middle of the month, Chinese state media said Wednesday.
	In Brazil town turning to desert, farmers fight to hang on Standing amid a terrain of rugged red craters that looks like something from Mars, Brazilian farmer Ubiratan Lemos Abade extends his arms, pointing to two possible futures for this land fast turning to desert.
	Storms swell Iguazu falls to near decade-high flow Heavy rains have swollen the famed Iguazu waterfalls on the border between Argentina and Brazil to near decade-high water volumes this week, authorities said, as flooding engulfed one of the site's main tourist walkways.
	Targets to end fossil fuel at COP28 crucial: EU climate chief A demand for targets for the phase-out of fossil fuels in the final agreement of COP28 in Dubai is not frivolous but an urgent request backed by "crystal clear" science, Europe's climate commissioner told AFP on Tuesday.
	China's smog problem explained A thick haze has this week smothered Beijing and surrounding areas, with tens of millions of people in northern China under severe pollution warnings.
	Queensland's fires are not easing at night. That's a bad sign for the summer ahead This week, dozens of fires have burned across Queensland. More homes have burned in the state than during the 2019–2020 Black Summer—57 so far this year, compared to 49.
	Four dead as Tropical Storm Pilar dumps heavy rains on C. America Tropical Storm Pilar loomed ominously off the Pacific Coast of Central America on Wednesday, provoking heavy rains that washed away crops and displaced hundreds of people as the death toll rose to four.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers now know how far the Earth is from 200 galaxies On July 11, 2022, the very first image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was released to the general public. It's called Webb's First Deep Field, centered on a cluster of galaxies named SMACS 0723 and containing no less than 7,000 galaxies.
	Massive anomaly within Earth's mantle may be remnant of collision that formed moon An interdisciplinary international research team has recently discovered that a massive anomaly deep within the Earth's interior may be a remnant of the collision about 4.5 billion years ago that formed the moon.
	OSIRIS-REx flies on as OSIRIS-APEX to explore its second asteroid After seven years in space and over 4 billion miles traveled, NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission successfully collected and delivered the first U.S. sample from a near-Earth asteroid. Yet, after all this time and travel, the spacecraft will not retire.
	NASA's Lucy spacecraft swoops past first of 10 asteroids on long journey to Jupiter NASA's Lucy spacecraft on Wednesday encountered the first of 10 asteroids on its long journey to Jupiter.
	Space Force to split 21 launches between SpaceX, United Launch Alliance The Space Force is giving a nearly even share of 21 upcoming national security launches between SpaceX and United Launch Alliance.
	Vera Rubin Observatory could find up to 70 interstellar objects a year Astronomers have discovered two known interstellar objects (ISO), 'Oumuamua and 21/Borisov. But there could be thousands of these objects passing through the solar system at any time. According to a new paper, the upcoming Vera Rubin Telescope will be a fantastic interstellar object hunter, and could possibly find up to 70 objects a year coming from other star systems.
	Satellites make up to 80,000 flashing glints per hour. It's a big problem for astronomers Large-scale sky surveys are set to revolutionize astronomy. Observatories such as Vera Rubin and others will allow astronomers to observe how the sky changes on the scale of days, not weeks or months. They will be able to capture transient events such as supernovae in their earliest stages and will discover near-Earth asteroids we have missed in the past. At the same time, the rise of satellite constellations such as Starlink threatens to overwhelm these surveys with light pollution and could threaten their ability to succeed.
	Three planets around this sun-like star are doomed According to new research we can start writing the eulogy for four exoplanets around a sun-like star about 57 light years away. But there's no hurry; we have about 1 billion years before the star becomes a red giant and starts to consume them.
	Did Betelgeuse consume a smaller star? What's going on with Betelgeuse? In recent years it's generated a lot of headlines as its luminosity has shifted dramatically several times. The red supergiant brightened by almost 50% earlier this year, triggering speculation that it may go supernova.
	Can there be double gravitational lenses? If you, like me, have used telescopes to gaze out at the wonders of the universe, then you too may have been a little captivated by the topic of gravitational lensing. Think about it: how cool is it that the very universe we are trying to explore is actually providing us with telescopes to probe the darkest corners of space and time?
	How Webb telescope development led to improved simulation software The James Webb Space Telescope truly explores the unknown, displaying stunning images of previously unseen corners of the universe only possible because of the telescope's 21-foot segmented mirror that unfurled and assembled itself in space.
	Scientists develop a legged small celestial body landing mechanism for landing simulation and experimental test Landing stably is a precondition for exploring a small celestial body in situ. The surface of a small celestial body frequently has weak gravity and is irregular, and the surface environment is unknown and uncertain. The landing mechanism tends to rebound and turn over, and the landing stability time is long. However, while most landing performance research has focused on lunar landing, there are differences between the surfaces of the moon and Mars.
	New telescopes to study the aftermath of the Big Bang Astronomers are currently pushing the frontiers of astronomy. At this very moment, observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are visualizing the earliest stars and galaxies in the universe, which formed during a period known as the "Cosmic Dark Ages." This period was previously inaccessible to telescopes because the universe was permeated by clouds of neutral hydrogen.

Technology news

	The future of AI hardware: Scientists unveil all-analog photoelectronic chip Researchers from Tsinghua University, China, have developed an all-analog photoelectronic chip that combines optical and electronic computing to achieve ultrafast and highly energy-efficient computer vision processing, surpassing digital processors.
	Salt solution cools computers, boosts performance Researchers at the City University of Hong Kong found the secret to a more efficient, less expensive approach to keeping massive computer systems cool: Just add salt.
	What's standing in the way of sustainable steel? Steel production is the surprising source of 8% of all greenhouse gases today. Most of it comes when converting iron ore into molten iron. Usually, that means with coal. Clean-burning hydrogen fuel, on the other hand, which produces only pure water as its byproduct, represents a far more sustainable alternative and would likely have been adopted long ago if not for technical challenges that continue to favor coal.
	Low-power vertical neurotransistors emulate dendritic computing of neurons An important avenue for information processing, especially at the edge of limited resources, is to develop neuromorphic devices with functions similar to biological neural networks.
	Scientists propose perovskite films homogenizing strategy to increase conversion efficiency In a study published in Nature, researchers from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have proposed a new and promising method of fabricating homogenized perovskite films for solar cells. The process involves inhibiting phase segregation caused by internal cation inhomogeneity to increase conversion efficiency to 26.1%, thus tying the existing record.
	Spotting human activity in internet usage data Most people call an internet outage an annoyance. The researchers at USC's ANT Lab (Analysis of Network Traffic) call it a data point.
	Team borrows semiconductor industry know-how to make better batteries A coating technique long used in manufacturing of computer chips can potentially enable a battery to charge many more times over its lifetime and make it much easier to manufacture. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory have successfully adapted the technique for use with solid-state batteries, which are batteries made of all solid materials.
	UK summit aims to tackle thorny issues around cutting-edge AI risks Digital officials, tech company bosses and researchers are converging Wednesday on a historic estate near London to discuss and better understand the extreme risks posed by cutting-edge artificial intelligence.
	The tech to recycle clothes is only just being invented The vast waste and pollution caused by the fashion industry has made recycling clothes a top priority, but only now are simple tasks like pulling the sole off a shoe being done by machines.
	AI anxiety as computers get super smart From Hollywood's death-dealing Terminator to warnings from genius Stephen Hawking or Silicon Valley stars, fears have been fueled that artificial intelligence (AI) could one day destroy humanity.
	'AI' named Collins Word of the Year The abbreviation of artificial intelligence (AI) has been named the Collins Word of the Year for 2023, the dictionary publisher said on Tuesday.
	Electric vehicles gain traction in Jordan as petrol prices rise Electric vehicle sales are surging in Jordan, a trend drivers and showrooms attribute to high petrol prices more than any concerns about air pollution and climate change.
	Nokia sues Amazon in US, India over video patents Finnish telecom giant Nokia said Tuesday it is suing Amazon in five global jurisdictions, including the United States and India, over patent infringements on video-related technologies.
	Scientists develop nanocellulose-based aerogel film to keep buildings cooler The global demand for cooling energy has seen a surge in the 21st century. Notably, the use of air conditioners and electric fans accounts for nearly 20% of a building's overall electricity consumption. Exploring eco-friendly and sustainable cooling technologies holds promising prospects for combating global warming and curbing energy usage.
	Researchers develop evaluation technique for radio-frequency components used in quantum computers The development of quantum computers is underway around the world, and much attention is focused on increasing the number of qubits that perform operations. On the other hand, looking at the entire system of a quantum computer, the number of RF components to control them increases in proportion to the number of qubits.
	Google's 2019 'Code Yellow' blurred line between search, ads The former head of search at Alphabet Inc."s Google told colleagues in February 2019 that his team was "getting too involved with ads for the good of the product and company," according to emails shown at the Justice Department's landmark antitrust trial against the search giant.
	Energy-cutting efforts by big firms, partners see mixed results New research from the University of Oregon and Western University has shed more light on the social effects of large corporations working directly with smaller, overseas manufacturers to make their processes more climate friendly.
	Countries at a UK summit pledge to tackle AI's potentially 'catastrophic' risks Delegates from 28 nations, including the U.S. and China, agreed Wednesday to work together to contain the potentially "catastrophic" risks posed by galloping advances in artificial intelligence.
	EU bans Meta's use of personal data for behavioral advertising The European Data Protection Board said Wednesday it had adopted a binding decision that will ban Facebook and Instagram owner Meta from using the personal data of users for targeted advertisements.
	UK, US, China sign AI safety pledge at UK summit Countries including the UK, United States and China on Wednesday agreed the "need for international action" as political and tech leaders gathered for the world's first summit on artificial intelligence (AI) safety.
	Bitcoin wins boost on hope of broader trading Bitcoin's price has risen strongly in recent weeks with the United States possibly set to allow a popular type of trading in the cryptocurrency that would further normalize the asset.
	Researchers demonstrate novel technique to observe molten salt intrusion in nuclear-grade graphite In response to a renewed international interest in molten salt reactors, researchers from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a novel technique to visualize molten salt intrusion in graphite.
	Toward sustainable construction: Preparing liquefied stabilized soil from construction sludge The construction industry is a highly resource-intensive and polluting sector, with significant water consumption and notable contribution to environmental degradation. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism in 2018, the Japanese construction sector discharged about 74.4 million tons of construction by-products, including 6.2 million tons of construction sludge.
	Toyota hikes annual forecast as first-half net profit doubles Toyota ramped up its annual net profit forecast to $26.1 billion on Wednesday after reporting it more than doubled in the first six months of the year.
	California jury says Tesla's Autopilot not to blame in fatal 2019 crash A California jury on Tuesday rejected a claim that a Tesla car involved in a fatal 2019 crash had a manufacturer's defect in its "Autopilot" self-driving feature, according to a court spokesperson.
	US Supreme Court weighs social media 'blocks' by public officials Can a public official block someone from their personal social media accounts?
	Google trims Bay Area jobs at offices it had leased a few years ago Google has revealed plans to trim dozens of jobs in the Bay Area in a fresh round of job cuts—but these most recent reductions represent a tiny fraction of the layoffs the tech titan had disclosed early this year.
	How to ensure Alberta's oil and gas workers have jobs during the energy transition Retraining Alberta's oil and gas workers for the solar industry costs far less than you think. The results of our new study clearly show that a rapid transition to sustainable energy production is feasible, as costs of retraining oil and gas workers are far from prohibitive.
	Biden's new executive order on AI expected to boost Silicon Valley A lengthy executive order on artificial intelligence signed Monday by President Joe Biden is expected to give a big boost to AI development in Silicon Valley.
	AP news site hit by apparent denial-of-service attack The Associated Press news website experienced an outage that appeared to be consistent with a denial-of-service attack, a federal criminal act that involves flooding a site with data in order to overwhelm it and knock it offline.
	US prosecutors brand Bankman-Fried thief in crypto trial Former cryptocurrency whiz kid Sam Bankman-Fried knowingly stole money from customers of his FTX platform, US prosecutors told a federal court in closing arguments on Wednesday.
	Regulating the manganese cathode interface of zinc-manganese batteries with a quasi-eutectic electrolyte Aqueous zinc-manganese batteries (ZMBs) are increasingly favored as a new type of safe and environmentally friendly battery. However, it has been plagued by capacity degradation induced by conventional aqueous electrolytes (e.g., 2 M zinc salts), which is mainly affected by the uncontrollable Mn dissolution/deposition interfacial reaction.
	Airbnb posts $4.4 billion 3Q profit with help from a tax break and higher-than-expected revenue Airbnb said Wednesday it earned $4.37 in the third quarter as it booked a large tax benefit and posted higher-than-expected revenue during the summer travel season.
	DoorDash orders surge 24% in the third quarter, helping the company narrow its losses DoorDash on Wednesday reported better-than-expected sales in the third quarter as it gained users and they ordered more frequently.

Chemistry news

	Plastic-eating bacteria turn waste into useful starting materials for other products Mountains of used plastic bottles get thrown away every day, but microbes could potentially tackle this problem. Now, researchers report in ACS Central Science that they've developed a plastic-eating E. coli that can efficiently turn polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into adipic acid, which is used to make nylon materials, drugs and fragrances.
	Chemical process makes peptide acquire structure similar to amyloid plaques found in neurodegenerative diseases Peptides are biomolecules formed when two or more amino acids that perform key functions in the human organism, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, painkillers and antibiotics, bind together. For this reason, they are much studied and used by the pharmaceutical industry, for example.
	Chemists make breakthrough in drug discovery chemistry: Two methods to replace carbon with a nitrogen atom in a molecule For years, if you asked the people working to create new pharmaceutical drugs what they wished for, at the top of their lists would be a way to easily replace a carbon atom with a nitrogen atom in a molecule.
	Study offers new method for predicting drug-protein binding affinity Accurately predicting the drug-protein interaction (DPI) is crucial in virtual drug screening. However, current methodologies tend to allocate equal weighting to amino acids and atoms in encoding protein and drug sequences, thereby neglecting the varying contributions from distinct motifs.
	How is decaf coffee made? And is it really caffeine-free? Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world, and its high levels of caffeine are among the main reasons why. It's a natural stimulant that provides an energy buzz, and we just can't get enough.

Biology news

	Long presumed to have no heads at all, starfish may be nothing but For centuries, naturalists have puzzled over what might constitute the head of a sea star, commonly called a "starfish." When looking at a worm, or a fish, it's clear which end is the head and which is the tail. But with their five identical arms—any of which can take the lead in propelling sea stars across the seabed—it's been anybody's guess how to determine the front end of the organism from the back. This unusual body plan has led many to conclude that sea stars perhaps don't have a head at all.
	New antimicrobial molecule shuts down bacterial growth without harming human cells Scientists have shown how a molecule with broad-spectrum antibiotic activity works by disabling a process vital to bacterial growth without affecting the normal functioning of human cells. The journal mBio published the work, led by researchers at Emory University and Pennsylvania State University.
	Bioprospecting the unknown: How bacterial enzymes encoded by unknown genes might help clean up pollution Enzymes are biological nanomachines. They make almost all of life's chemistry happen, when and where required. Because of their versatility and power, enzymes can be very useful for biotechnology. Taken outside of living cells, they can be used to synthesize or modify pharmaceuticals or to degrade potential pollutants.
	Sperm can adjust their swimming style to adapt to fluctuating fluid conditions Sperm can modulate their energetics by regulating their flagellar waveform—how the sperm oscillate their tails—in order to adapt to varying fluid environments, potentially optimizing their motility and navigation within the reproductive tract. This research is reported in a study published November 1 in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science.
	Two species of large ancient lampreys found in China A trio of paleontologists, two with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the third with Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR, has found the fossilized remains of two large lamprey species from the Jurassic in northeast China. In their paper published in the journal Nature Communications, Feixiang Wu, Philippe Janvier and Chi Zhang describe the site where the fossils were found, their condition, and features of the ancient lampreys.
	Ancient hyena droppings reveal genome of Ice Age woolly rhino A team of paleontologists, evolutionists and geoscientists affiliated with several entities in Germany has extracted Ice Age woolly rhino DNA from fossilized excrement samples (coprolites) found in a cave in Germany. Their study is reported in the journal Biology Letters.
	Giant dinosaur carcasses might have been important food sources for Jurassic predators Carnivorous dinosaurs might have evolved to take advantage of giant carcasses, according to a study published November 1, 2023 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Cameron Pahl and Luis Ruedas of Portland State University, Oregon and colleagues.
	New analysis of ancient fish may explain how shoulder evolved A new analysis of the bones and muscles in ancient fish gives new clues about how the shoulder evolved in animals—including us.
	Scientists shoot first true-to-life 3D image of the thick filament of mammalian heart muscle Atrial fibrillation, heart failure and stroke—hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can lead to many serious health conditions and is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in people younger than 35.
	Processor made for AI speeds up genome assembly A hardware accelerator initially developed for artificial intelligence operations successfully speeds up the alignment of protein and DNA molecules, making the process up to 10 times faster than state-of-the-art methods.
	Research team discovers lactic acid bacteria strains with high virus resistance from kimchi From kimchi fermented at low temperatures for a long period of time, researchers at the World Institute of Kimchi have isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with high levels of resistance to phages. They have also identified the defense mechanism of the LAB strains against phages, viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria.
	River plastics may harbor potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes Microbial communities growing on plastic debris in rivers may have the capacity to harbor potentially pathogenic microbes and act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes, according to a study published in Microbiome. The findings also highlight differences in the potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes that new and degraded plastics may have the capacity to harbor.
	Review explores biofabrication strategies with single-cell resolution The recent advances in biofabrication with extremely high resolution (e.g. at the single-cell level) have greatly enhanced the capacity of biofabrication and opened new avenues for tissue engineering.
	New study shows how the Ebola virus infects cells In a recent study published in Nature Communications, researchers from Karolinska Institutet and the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology have identified a new molecule in cells that is necessary for Ebola and Marburg viruses to infect and spread in the body.
	Tree-regeneration decline and type-conversion after high-severity fires likely to cause little forest loss Are western U.S. forests threatened so much by failing post-fire tree regeneration that extensive forest loss may occur by mid-century? Increasing temperatures are drying forests, more fires are being ignited, and they are increasingly burning at high severity, killing 70% or more of trees. High-severity fires leave behind post-fire openings that climate change is making hotter and drier; these spaces are often dominated by competitive shrubs and have substantial area that is distant from surviving trees that provide essential seed for tree regeneration.
	Farming tuna on land heralded as a win for sustainability, but there are serious concerns about animal welfare Atlantic bluefin tuna used to be caught only relatively rarely, mainly by sports fishermen in North America. But this all changed in the 1950s when consumers of sushi, particularly in Japan, developed more of a taste for the species.
	Dam removals, restoration project on Klamath River expected to help salmon, researchers conclude The world's largest dam removal and restoration project currently underway on the Klamath River in Oregon and California will aid salmon populations that have been devastated by disease and other factors. However, it will not fully alleviate challenges faced by the species, a team of researchers conclude in a paper just published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
	Intraspecific microdiversity and ecological drivers of lactic acid bacteria in naturally fermented milk ecosystem Traditional fermented milks are produced by the inoculating technique, which selects well-adapted microorganisms that have been passed on through generations. Few reports have used naturally fermented milks as model ecosystems to investigate the mechanism of formation of intra-species microbial diversity.
	What happens when cats get fat? Scientists weigh in Cat owners want Kitty to be happy, but providing an abundance of food and snacks can have unintended consequences. Feline obesity is on the rise, impacting the health, longevity, and well-being of cats. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign looks at what happens in the digestive system and gut microbiota when cats eat too much.
	Invasive 'giant' reptile lurks under Georgia porch, officials say: Here's why it is dangerous A Georgia homeowner was in for a shock when she found a 3-foot reptile living under her house, wildlife officials say.
	A planned fire threatened lives of two California sequoias; now they are sprouting new life A pair of giant sequoias were damaged in a prescribed burn last fall at Calaveras Big Trees State Park—and when they were discovered months later, it was unknown whether one of them would survive.

Medicine and Health news

	High metabolism is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease, finds study An early phase in the process of developing Alzheimer's disease is a metabolic increase in a part of the brain called the hippocampus, report researchers from Karolinska Institutet in a study published in Molecular Psychiatry. The discovery opens up for new potential methods of early intervention.
	Non-invasive technology maps brain activity to investigate behavior changes in neurological disease A research team led by Cleveland Clinic and Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) has developed a new method for mapping how the parts of the brain "speak" to each other, critical to understanding behavior changes in patients with neurological disease.
	Cancer drug could hold hope for treating inflammatory diseases including gout and heart diseases A cancer drug currently in the final stages of clinical trials could offer hope for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases, including gout, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and atrial fibrillation, say scientists at the University of Cambridge.
	Neuroscientists uncover important thinning mechanism that affects how the brain matures in adolescence What determines how a teenager's brain is structured and how it evolves? In a scientific first, researchers led by Université de Montréal neuroscientist Tomas Paus and postdoctoral fellow Zhijie Liao have established a close link between brain activity and a maturation process called cortical thinning.
	Epigenetic signature for obesity found in study of twins A susceptibility to gain weight may be written into molecular processes of human cells, a Washington State University study indicates.
	AI twice as accurate as biopsy at grading aggressiveness of some sarcomas Artificial intelligence (AI) could be around twice as accurate as a biopsy at grading the aggressiveness of some sarcomas, according to new research from The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London.
	DNA tangles allow for targeted cancer therapy via topoisomerase drug treatment A new publication in Science Advances from researchers at Karolinska Institutet shows how to use a specific cancer trait to improve treatment of pancreatic tumors.
	A framework for predicting the general effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs A large team of medical researchers affiliated with a host of institutions in China and the U.S. has developed a framework for predicting the general effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes how they used a multi-pronged approach to build a tool that might be used to test the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.
	Plant-derived naringenin found to enhance muscle endurance and improve muscle atrophy Skeletal muscle plays an extremely important role in supporting movement and energy metabolism. However, its function can be impaired by aging and muscle-related diseases, resulting in decreased endurance or strength of skeletal muscle.
	New method reveals hidden genetic variations Many hidden genetic variations can be detected with Chameleolyser, a new method developed in Nijmegen. The information is already yielding new patient diagnoses and may also lead to the discovery of as yet unknown disease genes, write Wouter Steyaert and Christian Gilissen of Radboudumc in Nature Communications.
	'Injectable tissue prosthesis' offers new approach for regenerating damaged muscle/nerve In a study published in the journal Nature, researchers from the Institute of Basic Science (IBS) in South Korea have made significant strides in biomaterial technology and rehabilitation medicine. They've developed a novel approach to healing muscle injury by employing "injectable tissue prosthesis" in the form of conductive hydrogels and combining it with a robot-assisted rehabilitation system.
	Scientists reveal structures of neurotransmitter transporter Neurons talk to each other using chemical signals called neurotransmitters. Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have drawn on structural biology expertise to determine structures of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), a key component of neuronal communication.
	New study uncovers the underlying complexity of brain synapses A new study published in Cell is reshaping our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of the brain, the proteins that are present at synapses. Titled "The proteomic landscape of synaptic diversity across brain regions and cell types," the research delves deep into the intricate world of synapses, the vital connections between neurons.
	Gulf War Illness significantly reduces white blood cells' ability to make energy, study finds A new Duke University-led study finds that Gulf War Illness (GWI), which affects approximately 250,000 U.S. veterans, significantly reduces their white blood cells' ability to make energy and creates a measurable biochemical difference in veterans who have the disease.
	New NK cell engaging immunotherapy approaches to target and potentially treat recalcitrant ovarian cancer The Wistar Institute's David B. Weiner and collaborators have engineered novel monoclonal antibodies that engage natural killer (NK) cells through a unique surface receptor that activates the immune system to fight against cancer.
	Mosaic chromosomal alterations study provides valuable insights into drivers of cancer risk As people age, the DNA in their cells begins to accumulate genetic mutations. Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs), a category of mutations acquired in blood cells, are linked with a 10-fold increased risk of developing blood cancer.
	First mice engineered to survive COVID-19 are like young, healthy humans Researchers have genetically engineered the first mice that get a human-like form of COVID-19, according to a study published online November 1 in Nature.
	Study refines understanding of T cells' action in HIV immune response New research combining computer modeling and experiments with macaques shows the body's immune system helps control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections largely by suppressing viral production in already infected cells while also killing viral infected cells, but only within a narrow time window at the start of a cell's infection.
	What happens when we pass out? Researchers identify new brain and heart connections Nearly 40% of people experience syncope, or fainting spells, at least once in their lives. These brief losses of consciousness, whether brought by pain, fear, heat, hyperventilation or other causes, account for a significant portion of hospital emergency room visits. Yet the exact root mechanisms at play when people "pass out" largely have remained a mystery.
	Docetaxel use associated with significant reduction in prostate cancer death in very poor prognostic group Men with high-grade prostate cancer and low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels have a poor prognosis. The question remains as to whether the chemotherapy drug docetaxel, which increases survival in metastatic prostate cancer, can improve the cure rate in these patients.
	Do mild depressive, anxiety symptoms in fathers predict behavioral and cognitive problems in children? Many people experience stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in their life. Times of transition, such as pregnancy and children starting school can be significant periods of stress and vulnerability within families. Studies have generally found that high levels of anxiety and depression in parents are linked to poorer behavioral and cognitive outcomes in children.
	Proof-of-concept study shows fossil fuels responsible for heart arrhythmias in mammals One of the most common byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels, phenanthrene, causes heart arrhythmias in mice, proving for the first time it is toxic to mammals.
	Study finds association between frequent mobile phone use and semen quality Does electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones affect semen quality? While various environmental and lifestyle factors have been proposed to explain the decline in semen quality observed over the last fifty years, the role of mobile phones has yet to be demonstrated.
	Study finds JAK inhibitors, common treatment for arthritis, are effective According to a new paper in Rheumatology, published by Oxford University Press, JAK inhibitors, which doctors have used to treat patients with arthritis despite concerns about the effectiveness of such drugs, actually do work quite well. In a multicenter, retrospective study Japanese researchers found that the drugs resulted in impressive remission rates in patients, most of whom choose to continue such treatment.
	New cancer drug shows promise targeting genetic weakness in tumors Imagine the body's cells are well-behaved students in the classroom. The "teachers" are tumor suppressor genes, and they make sure cells follow the rules. But when tumor suppressor genes are away, cells may go astray.
	Cigarette style warning labels could reduce people's meat consumption Cigarette-style graphic warning labels could reduce people's meat consumption, according to new research.
	Trust is the most important factor for British South Asians when taking part in genetic research to tailor medications Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have gathered detailed insights from the British South Asian community that could lead to more successful implementation of genetic testing to help tailor the use of routine medications. Their findings are published in The Pharmacogenomics Journal and indicate key issues that could affect the take up of this new type of genetic testing among patients.
	The US infant mortality rate rose last year. The CDC says it's the largest increase in two decades The U.S. infant mortality rate rose 3% last year—the largest increase in two decades, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Study shows women with atrial fibrillation significantly benefit from pulsed field ablation procedures Women with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing a procedure called pulsed field ablation (PFA) have just as good outcomes as men with AF undergoing the same procedure, according to a large-scale international study led by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
	Human mini guts reveal new insights into the process leading to Cronkhite-Canada syndrome and potential new therapies Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and collaborating institutions working with human intestinal organoids, also called mini guts, have shed new light on the potential causes of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, a rare condition characterized by abundant non-cancerous growths or polyps in the intestine and other symptoms such as hair and nail loss and changes in skin pigmentation.
	Women face greater risk of obesity in low- and middle-income countries, new analysis finds Women in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, may be 10 times more likely to have obesity or heart health issues than their male counterparts, according to a large meta-analysis published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
	Study finds higher than expected risk of cancer following 'all clear' after suspected cancer referral A new study led by Queen Mary University of London finds that people who were referred to urgent suspected cancer pathways, but were found not to have cancer, have a higher than expected risk of cancer in subsequent years. These findings suggest that this cohort of patients would benefit from additional support to help them manage down these risks of cancer.
	New study shows older and frail patients wait longer for emergency hospital care than younger patients A new study by the University of Warwick working with the Society for Acute Medicine has found that younger patients with simpler problems are waiting less time for assessments than frail patients with complex care needs.
	New procedure restores eyesight, sensation for patients with rare eye condition For the first time at UNC Hospitals, a surgical team has successfully performed corneal neurotization—the only disease modifying surgical treatment for neurotrophic keratitis (NK), a rare eye condition that causes loss of sensation to the cornea and can lead to permanent vision loss, if left untreated.
	Can I actually target areas to lose fat, like my belly? Spend some time scrolling social media and you're all-but-guaranteed to see an ad promising to help you with targeted fat loss. These ads promote a concept known as "spot reduction," claiming you can burn fat in a specific body area, usually the belly, with specially designed exercises or workouts.
	Books on toddler sleep can give inflexible advice—parents should be reassured that one size doesn't fit all If you are a parent of a young child, sleep may well have become an obsession for you.
	Infections from a diarrhea-causing parasite are on the rise in the UK, but experts aren't quite sure why Infections from a parasite which can cause long-lasting, severe diarrhea has seen an "unprecedented and ongoing" surge across the UK. This increase in infections has been ongoing since mid-August.
	Is it a cold, flu or hay fever? How to tell symptoms apart, and boost your immune system As the crisp autumn air sets in and leaves turn to shades of red and gold, many of us eagerly anticipate the seasonal delights that come with the autumn and winter months. But, for some, these seasons also bring an unwelcome guest: hay fever.
	Online misinformation about noisy knees is influencing people to make poor health choices From cracking, clicks and popping sounds, it is estimated knee crepitus affects up to 70% of people.
	Predictors of vertigo after endolymphatic sac surgery identified in Meniere disease Audiogram type and pure-tone threshold average can predict vertigo after endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) in Meniere disease (MD), according to a study published online Sept. 25 in the European Archives in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.
	Study looks at addition of sigh ventilation in trauma patients For trauma patients receiving mechanical ventilation at risk of poor outcomes, the addition of sigh breaths does not significantly increase ventilator-free days, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in the Journal of the American Medical Association to coincide with the annual congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, held from Oct. 21 to 25 in Milan.
	Higher rate of bladder neck incompetence in mixed urinary incontinence Patients with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) have a higher rate of bladder neck incompetence (BNI), according to a study published online Sept. 29 in the World Journal of Urology.
	Improved IVF outcomes with interpregnancy interval of at least six months For women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), delaying the next frozen embryo transfer (FET) for at least six months after a clinical pregnancy loss (CPL) is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes, according to a study published online Oct. 31 in JAMA Network Open.
	Risk of serious infection even in low-active IBD, finds study IBD is an umbrella term for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, with a population prevalence of around 0.5%. The main types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Unlike irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), IBD results in visible damage to the intestinal mucous membrane.
	How a mother's diet affects baby's gut health The first published results of a new Australian human milk research collaboration have shed new light on the gut-boosting, life-saving potential of carbohydrates known as HMOs, vital components of breastmilk produced by mothers during lactation.
	Oral contraceptive pill users less likely to report depression, according to study A new study has shown that women who are taking the oral contraceptive pill are less likely to report depression.
	Nurses need a 'voice' in decision-making to improve retention, research shows Nurses working in general practice during the COVID-19 pandemic felt largely "forgotten" and undervalued, with many considering future career changes, according to the findings of a new study.
	Anxiety sensitivity impacts care for ICU patients during and after hospitalization: Study Clinicians need to have a better understanding of the potential impact of patients' anxiety sensitivity, or "fear of fear," according to an article published in the American Journal of Critical Care.
	Study shows survival benefit of augmentation therapy for people with the genetic lung condition AATD Boosting levels of a deficient protein has clear survival benefits for people with the genetic condition alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), according to new research led by RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences. The findings underscore a call to make augmentation therapy accessible to patients with AATD in Ireland and more widely across Europe.
	Wearable tech for contact tracing developed In the battle against COVID-19, contact tracing has proven to be a vital weapon in curbing the spread of the virus. While numerous contact tracing methods have emerged, manual contact tracing methods are often slow and inaccurate while smartphone-based tracing suffers low adoption rates, due in part to privacy concerns. Furthermore, these solutions do not work effectively for health care workers at high risk for infections.
	Medical cannabis study reveals patterns of cannabis use and consumption As of April 2023, 38 states in the U.S. allow for the medical use of marijuana. Despite the increasing use of cannabis products for medical purposes, state programs do not currently have consistent guidelines for the use of the two most commonly used compounds—cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—being dispensed and consumed by patients.
	Study finds domestic violence involving firearms increased during COVID-19 pandemic Domestic violence went down or stayed the same during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in five major U.S. cities. However, domestic violence involving firearms increased in three of those cities, according to a new UC Davis study published in the Journal of Family Violence.
	High levels of disadvantage affect ability among younger people, study finds Research has established that people who live in communities with high rates of poverty, unemployment, and other forms of social disinvestment are more likely to suffer from poor mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes. Furthermore, such socioeconomic disadvantage does not occur at random but rather results from historical and contemporary policies and practices rooted in structural and institutional racism.
	Shared medical appointments increase patient engagement, finds research Research from ESMT Berlin finds that shared medical appointments increase engagement from patients as they ask more questions, make more comments, and exhibit higher levels of nonverbal engagement, providing greater value for other patients in the sessions.
	Reducing breast cancer disparities in Delaware: 'Getting the village back together' There's a tried and proven pathway to reducing racial disparities in cancer in Delaware. It worked with colon cancer 10 years ago and should now be applied to the incidence of breast cancer in the state. That's the recommendation of clinicians, program leaders and researchers from the ChristianaCare Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute in a new commentary published in Population Health Management on Nov. 1, 2023.
	New research links high salt consumption to risk of type 2 diabetes Those at risk for type 2 diabetes may already know to avoid sugar, but new research suggests they may want to skip the salt as well.
	Strawberry consumption may reduce dementia risk for middle-aged individuals, study suggests New research from the University of Cincinnati has found that daily strawberry consumption could help reduce the risk of dementia for certain middle-aged populations.
	Vaccine confidence falls as belief in health misinformation grows: Survey Americans have less confidence in vaccines to address a variety of illnesses than they did just a year or two ago, and more people accept misinformation about vaccines and COVID-19, according to the latest health survey from the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) of the University of Pennsylvania.
	Disclosing product ingredients on children's drink packages helps correct misperceptions about ingredients, finds study Adding front-of-package ingredient disclosures significantly increases caregivers' ability to identify the presence and absence of common ingredients in sweetened fruit drinks and flavored waters and unsweetened 100% juice, according to a new paper from researchers at the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health at the University of Connecticut and New York University.
	Stress in America 2023: A nation grappling with psychological impacts of collective trauma U.S. society appears to be experiencing the psychological impacts of a collective trauma in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the results of a new survey by the American Psychological Association. Psychologists warn that a superficial characterization of life being "back to normal" is obscuring the post-traumatic effects on mental and physical health.
	Study highlight link between socioeconomic disparities and post-stroke care People who live in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status are less likely to receive clot-busting medications or undergo clot-removing procedures after they have a stroke than people who live in neighborhoods with higher socioeconomic status, according to a study published in Neurology.
	Clinical trial suggests ALS drug effective for treating spinal cord injuries A small clinical trial with a pharmacokinetic sub-study, led by a pharmacologist at the University of Houston, has demonstrated the promising effectiveness of the drug Riluzole for improving functionality in people with acute spinal cord injuries (SCI) if the drug is taken within 12 hours post-injury.
	Lung cancer screening guideline: Nearly 5 million US adults who smoke and formerly smoked now recommended for testing Today, the American Cancer Society (ACS) released an update of its lung cancer screening guideline to help reduce the number of people dying from the disease due to smoking history. The new guideline recommends yearly screening for lung cancer for people aged 50 to 80 years old who smoke or formerly smoked and have a 20-year or greater pack-year history.
	Immune checkpoint inhibition with single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery does not increase risk of radiation necrosis Miami Cancer Institute, part of Baptist Health South Florida, announced the publication of a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study about the impact of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on radiation necrosis (RN) in patients with brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer.
	Urine biomarkers can outperform serum biomarkers in certain diseases In recent decades, the emphasis of biomarker research has centered around blood-based markers. However, blood biomarkers alone cannot capture the full spectrum of clinically relevant indicators. Consequently, urine has emerged as a valuable and complementary source of information, with increasing evidence of the diagnostic potential of urinary biomarkers compared to their serum counterparts for the detection of specific diseases.
	Researchers develop approach that could help supercharge T-cell therapies against solid tumors Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have developed a way to potentially increase the effectiveness of T cell–based immunotherapy treatments, such as CAR T-cell therapy, against solid tumors. T cells are specialized white blood cells of the immune system that eliminate infected or abnormal cells. In animal studies, the enhanced T-cell therapies were effective against cervical cancer and neuroblastoma, a common solid tumor in children. The findings, by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of NIH, appear in Clinical Cancer Research.
	Stricter abortion laws linked to increase in unintended births Prior to the overturning of Roe vs. Wade, women in states that severely limit or outlaw access to abortion were 13% more likely to have a live birth resulting from an unintended pregnancy than those in states where abortion care was more accessible, according to research from the Cornell Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy.
	As people live longer, family caregivers face financial challenges Many people overlook the short- and long-term costs of financial caregiving, a growing problem that financial advisors and employers can help address, according to a new report by the TIAA Institute and the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing).
	Stigma felt by opioid-dependent moms can impact the health care received by their babies The rate of opioid use among pregnant women in the United States quadrupled between 1999 and 2014 and continues to rise—an alarming trend that researchers from the University of Missouri and University of Iowa say has exposed the stigma felt by opioid-dependent mothers and how their shame has negatively impacted the health care received by their infants.
	Nerve block can reduce need for postsurgical opioids A preoperative nerve block used in combination with other medications can reduce the need for opioids to manage pain following spinal surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers found. The findings, published in European Spine Journal, suggest a way to lessen the reliance on opioids to reduce postoperative pain and help patients become ambulatory sooner.
	Only 30% of adults discuss pain relievers with doctors despite risk of raising blood pressure, finds poll Only about 30% of U.S. adults have spoken with their health care professional about the adverse effects some over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers can have on blood pressure, despite that fact that more than half of all adults in the country have elevated blood pressure, a leading cause of heart disease and stroke. The findings are part of a recent online poll commissioned by the American Heart Association, the leading voluntary health organization devoted to a world of longer, healthier lives for all.
	Parkinson's disease and normal aging A new research perspective titled "Cholinergic centro-cingulate network in Parkinson disease and normal aging" has been published in Aging.
	Pet ownership may contribute to health care barriers for people with HIV People living with HIV may face hard choices when balancing their own health needs with caring for a pet, a study led by a University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions researcher finds.
	FAAH inhibition ameliorates murine breast cancer: Study A new research paper titled "FAAH inhibition ameliorates breast cancer in a murine model" has been published in Oncotarget.
	Different pain types in multiple sclerosis can cause difficulty staying active For patients with multiple sclerosis, a regular exercise routine is important for managing symptoms. But due to different causes of chronic pain, physical exercise can be more difficult for some.
	From soft tissue to stiff leather: Understanding the role of paxillin in liver fibrosis Currently, the United States lacks FDA-approved treatments for liver fibrosis, highlighting the critical need to understand the cellular biology and pathways associated with this condition.
	Albania tries to halt flight of young doctors Seeking to stem the flight of its young doctors, Albania has brought in a law to make recent medical graduates work in their home country for up to five years, or until they pay back their tuition fees.
	Health: Breast cancer in men Breast cancer may be thought of as a disease that affects only women. It's the second-most common cancer diagnosed in women in the U.S., and it will affect one in eight women, according to the American Cancer Society. Much of the messaging around breast cancer research focuses on the disease in women. However, breast cancer can occur in men as well.
	Start shopping: Enrollment begins Nov. 1 for most Obamacare insurance plans For millions of Americans who buy their own health insurance through the Affordable Care Act marketplace, the end of the year brings a day of reckoning: It's time to compare benefits and prices and change to a new plan or enroll for the first time.
	Kids are exposed to violent war images: Trauma expert sets out how you can protect them In today's screen-filled world, many children and teens have nearly continuous access to media. Estimates from the United States suggest that school-age children spend four to six hours per day watching or using screens. Adolescents spend as much as nine hours a day on screens.
	Financial toxicity rife for rural Australians with chronic kidney disease Australians with chronic kidney disease who live in rural locations have reported catastrophic economic consequences, depletion of income and leave, and difficulty coping with unexpected expenses in accessing kidney replacement therapy.
	With diabetes on the rise, tech becomes crucial part of disease management At the Hennepin Healthcare Center of Diabetes and Endocrinology in downtown Minneapolis, 66-year-old Mark Harris tries to recall his medication intake and sleep schedule from the past week.
	How to support a person with dementia during fireworks night For a person with dementia, loud noises can confuse, scare or trigger unwanted past memories. Read Alzheimer's Society's top tips for staying safe and scare-free when celebrating with fireworks.
	Younger Middle Eastern patients with new acute coronary syndrome more likely to smoke, have high cholesterol: Study Young patients from the Middle East and Gulf region presenting with acute coronary syndrome have a greater prevalence of risk factors, including smoking and high cholesterol compared to older patients also presenting with first acute coronary syndrome. The study, presented at the American College of Cardiology Middle East & Eastern Mediterranean 2023 conference, found these patients still had similar outcomes compared to older patients.
	More than half of US adults use internet to look for health, medical information More than half of adults used the internet to look for health or medical information during July to December 2022, with higher prevalence among women than men, according to an October data brief published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.

Other Sciences news

	New study finds that being alone does not closely correlate with feelings of loneliness In a world filled with endless connections and constant communication, the relationship between loneliness and aloneness is not always clear. Now, University of Arizona researchers have analyzed that relationship—and found that they are two different things that are not closely correlated.
	Workplace discrimination saps everyone's motivation, even if it works in your favor When people work for discriminatory managers, they put in less effort. That's true both when managers are biased against them and when they're biased in their favor, according to a new paper that Nicholas Heiserman of Oklahoma State University and I have published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour.
	'Peace speech' in the media characterizes a country's peaceful culture, suggests new study By analyzing the frequency of certain words within mainstream news media from any country, a machine learning algorithm can produce a quantitative "peace index" that captures the level of peace within that country, according to a study published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Larry Liebovitch and Peter T. Coleman of Columbia University, US, and colleagues.
	Game performance of immigrant NBA players might suffer in context of far-right political support During the 2020–2021 season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), which took place during Donald Trump's failed bid at re-election, immigrant players for teams in regions with stronger far-right political sentiments were more likely to make game errors—highlighting the possible detrimental effects of such views on immigrant workplace performance.
	Why women and minority groups are still underrepresented in top management Over the past few years, there has been a great deal of research looking at how well women are represented in top companies. The findings continue to be distressing.
	Using social media for your holiday 'inspo' can be risky and even dangerous—here's why How do you choose your next travel destination? Social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok are handy tools for holiday research, full of 'inspo' for new and beautiful places to go.
	Language induces an identity crisis for the children and grandchildren of Latino immigrants A young Latina mother I was interviewing once laughed uncomfortably as she described her sons' embarrassment when put on the spot by older Latinos.
	Young female voters were the key to defeating populists in Poland: A blueprint to reverse democracy's decline The results of Poland's parliamentary elections held on Oct. 15, 2023, have been lauded as a blow against populism—and they may also hold important lessons for reversing democracy's decline.
	How to improve your communication with someone with a speech impairment October marked alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) awareness month. AAC includes all means of communication that a person may use besides talking. Low-tech methods include means of interaction like hand gestures, facial movements, or pointing, while more high-tech tools might include a speech generating device accessed through pointing or a joystick, eye-tracking, or even a brain-computer interface.
	Crypto study finds high risk doesn't equal reward A study of more than 4,000 cryptocurrencies between 2015 to 2022 has found that high-risk cryptocurrencies generally underperform their low-risk counterparts.
	Investigating resiliency and vulnerability of global supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic It's no secret that the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted supply chains across the globe. In the United States, it often seemed like stores couldn't keep certain items in stock. Now, new research is diving more deeply into the resiliency and vulnerability of global supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic.
	Q&A: Student examines how the pandemic affected how we pursued our goals COVID-19 upended lives worldwide, impacting hopes and dreams as well as disrupting goals.
	The secret to enhancing consumer valuation and addressing the climate crisis: Introduce circular take-back programs Researchers from Boston University published a Journal of Marketing study showing that tapping into consumers' sense of ownership prompts them to place a higher value on products from a circular economy.
	Optimizing office environments for work efficiency and worker health The quality of the office environment significantly affects work efficiency and worker health. Therefore, creating and maintaining an optimal built environment in the office can be a key step in maximizing a company's economic growth.
	Rethinking quality: Experts challenge the harmful influence of global university rankings An Independent Expert Group (IEG) convened by the United Nations University's International Institute for Global Health (UNU IIGH) has released a strong statement criticizing the wide and uncritical use of global university rankings.
	Analysts who disclose company forecasts for a wide range of financial outcomes have better performance, finds study If you are in search of accurate forecasts on a company's earnings and future stock prices, you could do better turning to analysts who have recently disclosed a wide range of forecasts for the same company—not only earnings and price targets, but also cash flow, dividends, book value, capital expenditure, gross margin, operating income, pre-tax income forecasts and so on, according to a new paper by Peter Pope of Bocconi's Department of Accounting and recent Bocconi Ph.D. graduate Tong Wang, now at Barclays plc in London.
	Does banning books really help kids? A childhood education expert weighs in When Jaci Urbani taught early learners at the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, one of the books she read to them was "Charlotte's Web," by E.B. White, a children's novel about a pig destined for slaughter and his friendship with the barn spider who saves him.
	Europe's economic powerhouse tests a shorter working week Maximilian Hermann's weekend starts on Friday morning, when he puts his motorcycle helmet on and takes his bike out for a ride to the southern German Alps.
	Great Fire of London: How researchers uncovered the man who first found the flames If you had been in London on September 2, 1666, the chances are you'd remember exactly where you were and who you were with. This was the day the Great Fire began, sweeping across the city for almost five days.
	Study: Online conspiracy communities are more resilient to deplatforming Social media can incubate communities that are so resilient that even banning them from the platform cannot destroy them. Michele Starnini and colleagues studied two online communities on the social media site Reddit: the far-right conspiracy theory subreddit "GreatAwakening," which was banned in 2018, and the hate-speech subreddit "FatPeopleHate," banned in 2015. Both communities decided among themselves to move to Voat, an unmoderated Reddit clone designed to serve those banned by Reddit.
	Summer Science Program spent $2 million last year serving 204 students. Then, they got a $200M gift It's the kind of problem nonprofit leaders dream about: What do you do when you get an unexpectedly large donation?
	Demonic obsession: A different look at mental health in the medieval period Demons today are characterized in horror movies like "The Ring," "The Conjuring," and "The Exorcist" as paranormal entities—supernaturally powerful beings, with little relevance in reality. But in the medieval period, demons were ever-present. Specifically in medieval Europe, demons bedeviled communities, shocked religious leaders, and puzzled doctors.

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