Science X Newsletter Mon, Nov 13

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 13, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Study explores the scaling of deep learning models for chemistry research

Plant health as a new effective monitoring system for volcanic activity

Researchers use a TV sitcom to uncover something about how the brain processes jokes

Study investigates two young open clusters

Researchers discover elevated spinal cord enzyme linked to motor neuron aging

Magnetic field patterns found to cause oncolysis via oxidative stress in glioma cells

A robot inspired by mantis shrimp to explore narrow underwater environments

Autonomous lab discovers best-in-class quantum dot in hours. It would have taken humans years

AI model instantly generates 3D image from 2D sample

Doggie dental health: Aged garlic extract shows promise as gum disease treatment

Recording the first daily measurements of Earth's rotation shifts

Dynamics of skyrmion spin states confirmed in neutron-scattering experiments

Saturday Citations: A big old black hole, polar bears in bad decline, building a jail for electrons

Farmers or foragers? Pre-colonial Aboriginal food production was hardly that simple

Most everyone can lower blood pressure by reducing salt, even those on BP drugs: Study

Nanotechnology news

	Autonomous lab discovers best-in-class quantum dot in hours. It would have taken humans years It can take years of focused laboratory work to determine how to make the highest quality materials for use in electronic and photonic devices. Researchers have now developed an autonomous system that can identify how to synthesize "best-in-class" materials for specific applications in hours or days.
	Researchers' breakthrough in thermal transport could enable novel cooling strategies Vanderbilt mechanical engineering professors Deyu Li and Josh Caldwell are part of a team of researchers who have discovered a new heat dissipation channel using phonon polaritons that could have extensive implications for novel cooling technologies in devices like smart phones and other modern electronics.

Physics news

	Dynamics of skyrmion spin states confirmed in neutron-scattering experiments RIKEN researchers have brought low-energy devices based on spintronics one step closer, by measuring the dynamics of tiny magnetic vortices.
	Tracking down quantum fluctuations of the vacuum to explore the limits of physics Absolutely empty—that is how most of us envision the vacuum. Yet, in reality, it is filled with an energetic flickering: the quantum fluctuations.
	Research achieves photo-induced superconductivity on a chip Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) in Hamburg, Germany, have shown that a previously demonstrated ability to turn on superconductivity with a laser beam can be integrated on a chip, opening up a route toward opto-electronic applications.
	The CMS collaboration at CERN presents its latest search for 'dark photons' The CMS experiment has presented its first search for new physics using data from Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider. The new study looks at the possibility of "dark photon" production in the decay of Higgs bosons in the detector.
	Many physicists assume we must live in a multiverse—but their basic math may be wrong One of the most startling scientific discoveries of recent decades is that physics appears to be fine-tuned for life. This means that for life to be possible, certain numbers in physics had to fall within a certain, very narrow range.
	How to think about a four-dimensional universe In Einstein's famous theory of relativity the concepts of immutable space and time aren't just put aside, they're explicitly and emphatically rejected. Space and time are now woven into a coexisting fabric. That is to say, we truly live in a four-dimensional universe. Space and time alone cease to exist; only the union of those dimensions remains.
	Tiny Big Bang: ALICE experiment restarts with lead ions On September 26, 2023, the accelerator team at the CERN European Council for Nuclear Research in Geneva declared stable lead-beam conditions, ushering in the first data-taking campaign of lead-ion collisions in five years. From then until the late evening of October 29, the accelerator produced lead-ion collisions at the world's highest-ever collision energy of 5.36 terra electron volts per colliding nuclear particle (nucleon–nucleon collision).

Earth news

	Plant health as a new effective monitoring system for volcanic activity Plants have a symbiotic relationship with their surrounding environment, being a vital indicator of the overall health of the landscape, as well as significant changes within it. One such driver of plant response is gas emissions, such as those from volcanic activity, which elevate carbon dioxide and water emissions in the immediate area, consequently impacting leaf area and photosynthesis (the biological process through which organisms such as plants convert light energy into chemical energy using chlorophyll, producing sugars that are metabolized to fuel the organism's activities).
	Diverse forests hold huge carbon potential, as long as we cut emissions Research results published in the journal, Nature, show that realistic global forest carbon potential is approximately 226 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon. The study, which involved hundreds of scientists around the world, highlights the critical importance of forest conservation, restoration, and sustainable management in moving towards international climate and biodiversity targets. The researchers stress that this potential can be achieved by incentivizing community-driven efforts to promote biodiversity.
	North Atlantic's marine productivity may not be declining, according to new study of older ice cores To paraphrase Mark Twain, reports of declining phytoplankton in the North Atlantic may have been greatly exaggerated. A prominent 2019 study used ice cores in Antarctica to suggest that marine productivity in the North Atlantic had declined by 10% during the industrial era, with worrying implications that the trend might continue.
	Is some of the body that collided with Earth to form the moon still recognizable inside our planet? Scientists have dated the birth of the solar system to about 4.57 billion years ago. About 60 million years later a "giant impact" collision between the infant Earth and a Mars-sized body called Theia created the moon.
	Quakes rock southwestern Iceland as volcanic eruption looms Iceland declared a state of emergency on Friday after a series of powerful earthquakes rocked the country's southwestern Reykjanes peninsula, in what could be a precursor to a volcanic eruption.
	Nations negotiate terms of plastics treaty in Nairobi The latest negotiations towards a global treaty to combat plastic pollution opened in Nairobi on Monday, with tensions expected as nations tussle over what should be included in the pact.
	Fight fire with fire: controlled burns stem California blazes In a forest in northern California, a line of people spread out through the trees, setting fire to shrubs and fallen branches in an act of intentional arson aimed at making the woodland better able to cope with future conflagrations.
	Wildfire, drought cause $11.2 billion in damage to private timberland in three Pacific states, study finds Wildfires and drought have led to $11.2 billion in damages to privately held timberland in California, Oregon and Washington over the past two decades, a new Oregon State University study found.
	Anthropogenic climate change heightens risks of spatially compounding flooding and heat wave events: Study Compound extreme events, defined as those where multiple climate extremes converge, often result in more severe and devastating impacts than individual events. Specifically, spatially compounding events, where different climate hazards co-occur across neighboring regions, have been a focus of concern.
	We need a global treaty to solve plastic pollution—acid rain and ozone depletion show us why After years of discussion, international negotiations on a global plastics treaty resume this week in Nairobi, Kenya, at the UN Environment Programme headquarters.
	Climate tipping points could be triggered by 'committed warming' As the planet warms, climate tipping points, such as the melting of ice sheets or loss of the Amazon rainforest, become increasingly likely.
	Study finds individual extreme forest fires can lead to global impacts The radiative effects of smoke from individual extreme forest fires can apparently lead to global impacts that influence the energy balance of the atmosphere and thus the global climate in a complex way.
	World temperatures will blow past Paris goals this decade, asserts new study According to a new paper by scientists from a dozen institutions, the world's average temperature will surpass 1.5°C above preindustrial times within the next several years—much faster than most existing forecasts. The study goes on to say that without extreme action by the international community, temperatures will reach 2°C above preindustrial levels before 2050—also faster than most predictions.
	German big wave surfer turns to science to tame the breakers Sebastian Steudtner already holds the world record for the largest wave ever surfed, but as the giant wave season begins, the German is looking to science and technology to chase a new high.
	Start of World Cup ski season falls victim to 'heavy snowfall' Strong winds and "heavy snowfall" on Saturday caused the delayed opening round of the men's World Cup skiing season to be cancelled at the controversial cross-border venue of Zermatt-Cervinia.
	South Asia worst in world for water scarcity: UN More children in South Asia are struggling due to severe water scarcity made worse by the impacts of climate change than anywhere else worldwide, the United Nations said Monday.
	China's carbon emissions to drop next year on clean energy boom A surge in clean power generation will reduce carbon emissions in China next year and could put the world's biggest polluter on a path to sustained declines, according to a new report.
	Desperate for water, a desert city hopes to build a pipeline to the California Aqueduct After decades of unrestricted pumping in the rain-starved northwestern corner of the Mojave Desert, the Indian Wells Valley Groundwater Basin Authority has the distinction of managing one of the most critically overdrawn aquifers in California.
	Opinion: Canada must stop treating climate disasters like unexpected humanitarian crises Two years after devastating wildfires razed 90% of Lytton, B.C., reconstruction is slow and residents remain displaced and angry about it.
	Growing NZ cities eat up fertile land—but housing and food production can co-exist Auckland Council recently voted to decrease the amount of city fringe land available for development, citing flood risks and infrastructure costs.
	Rain in northern France raises fears of new flooding A new spell of rain in northern France on Monday forced school closures and brought fears of fresh misery after devastating floods hit the department of Pas-de-Calais last week.
	Climate groups demand COP28 aims for formal energy transition deal Around 100 climate campaign groups warned COP28 organizers Monday that success of critical upcoming talks in Dubai rests on whether countries can negotiate a formal agreement to replace polluting fossil fuels with clean power.

Astronomy and Space news

	Study investigates two young open clusters By analyzing the data from the TÜBİTAK National Observatory and ESA's Gaia satellite, astronomers have investigated King 6 and NGC 1605—two young Galactic open clusters. Results of the study, published October 31 on the pre-print server arXiv, deliver important insights into the properties and nature of these clusters.
	Recording the first daily measurements of Earth's rotation shifts Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have succeeded in measuring the Earth's rotation more exactly than ever before. The ring laser at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell can now be used to capture data at a quality level unsurpassed anywhere in the world. The measurements will be used to determine the Earth's position in space, benefit climate research, and make climate models more reliable.
	SpaceX hopes for second Starship flight test next week SpaceX is hoping to re-launch Starship, the most powerful rocket ever built, next week, the company said, after an attempt in April ended in a spectacular explosion.
	Second-most distant galaxy discovered using James Webb Space Telescope The second- and fourth-most distant galaxies ever observed have been discovered in a region of space known as Pandora's Cluster, or Abell 2744, using data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
	AI chemist synthesizes catalyst for oxygen production from Martian meteorites: One step closer to Mars immigration? Immigration to and living on Mars have long been depicted in science fiction. But before that dream turns into reality, there is a hurdle humans have to overcome—the lack of chemicals such as oxygen essential for long-term survival on the planet. However, the recent discovery of water activity on Mars is promising.
	Researchers discover emission from secondary black hole in binary system of blazar OJ 287 OJ 287 is recognized as a binary black hole system with a slowly spiraling orbit caused by loss of energy to gravitational radiation. This energy loss was already confirmed in 2008. Subsequent measurements have confirmed this orbit solution, most recently in 2023.
	Phosphorous discovered in outskirts of the Milky Way for the first time A trio of chemists at the University of Arizona, with an affiliation to the University of Arizona's Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory has discovered phosphorous in the outskirts of the Milky Way galaxy for the first time. In their project, reported in the journal Nature, Lilia Koelemay, Karlie Gold and Lucy Ziurys studied the gas cloud WB89-621.
	Scientists uncover aurora-like radio emission above a sunspot In a study published in Nature Astronomy, astronomers from New Jersey Institute of Technology's Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research (NJIT-CSTR) have detailed radio observations of an extraordinary aurora-like display occurring 40,000 km above a relatively dark and cold patch on the sun, known as a sunspot.
	Oldest black hole discovered dating back to 470 million years after the Big Bang Scientists have discovered the oldest black hole yet, a cosmic beast formed a mere 470 million years after the Big Bang.
	First release of images demonstrates Euclid space telescope's potential Two things are needed to understand how the universe came into being and how it has evolved to its present form. Cosmological computer models employ the laws of physics to depict the universe's expected appearance today, while observations made with telescopes check whether these models are correct.
	Scientists find 14 new transient objects in space by peering through the 'Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster' An international team of scientists, led by University of Missouri's Haojing Yan, used NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to discover 14 new transient objects during their time-lapse study of galaxy cluster MACS0416—located about 4.3 billion light years from Earth—which they've dubbed "The Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster."
	A successful liftoff: Space shuttle Endeavour's rockets are installed In a delicate maneuver, crews successfully lifted into place giant rockets at the California Science Center, the first large components installed at the future home of the space shuttle Endeavour.
	If you account for the Laniakea supercluster, the Hubble tension might be even larger One of the great unsolved mysteries of cosmology is known as the Hubble tension. It stems from our inability to pin down the precise rate of cosmic expansion. There are several ways to calculate this expansion, from observing distant supernovae to measuring the Doppler shift of maser light near supermassive black holes, and they all give slightly different results. Maybe we don't fully understand the structure of the universe, or maybe our view of the heavens is biased given that we are located deep within a galactic supercluster. As a new study shows, the bias problem is even worse than we thought.
	China wants to retrieve a sample of Mars by 2028 China continues to take great strides as part of its goal to become a superpower in space and a direct competitor with NASA. In addition to its proposed expansion of the Tiangong space station and the creation of the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), China is also planning on sending crewed missions to Mars in the coming decade. In preparation for the arrival of taikonauts on the red planet, China is gearing up to return samples of Martian soil and rock to Earth roughly two years ahead of the proposed NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return (MSR).
	Gaia is so accurate it can predict microlensing events The ESA's Gaia Observatory continues its astrometry mission, which consists of measuring the positions, distances, and motions of stars (and the positions of orbiting exoplanets) with unprecedented precision. Launched in 2013 and with a five-year nominal mission (2014–2019), the mission is expected to remain in operation until 2025. Once complete, the mission data will be used to create the most detailed 3D space catalog ever, totaling more than 1 billion astronomical objects—including stars, planets, comets, asteroids, and quasars.
	NASA wants to learn to live off the land on the moon In preparation for the upcoming Artemis missions to the lunar south pole, NASA recently solicited a request for information (RFI) from the lunar community to map out its future Lunar Infrastructure Foundational Technologies (LIFT-1) demonstration for developing In-situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies as part of the agency's ambitious Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative (LSII).
	ESA is testing a modular multipurpose rover that could be a science lab or a tiny bulldozer Most rovers have been built for Mars, and each one of them is a complex machine designed with specific goals and terrains in mind. But the moon is different than Mars. We're not searching for life there; we're trying to establish a presence.
	Time is running out to add your name to NASA's Europa Clipper Six weeks remain for you to add your name to a microchip that will ride aboard the spacecraft as it explores Jupiter's moon Europa.

Technology news

	Study explores the scaling of deep learning models for chemistry research Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proved to be highly promising tools for analyzing large amounts of data, which could speed up research in various scientific fields. For instance, over the past few years, some computer scientists have trained models based on these networks to analyze chemical data and identify promising chemicals for various applications.
	A robot inspired by mantis shrimp to explore narrow underwater environments Nature is the primary source of inspiration for many existing robotic systems, designed to replicate the appearance and behavior of various living organisms. By artificially reproducing biological processes, these robots can help tackle complex real-world problems more effectively.
	AI model instantly generates 3D image from 2D sample In the rapidly emerging world of large-scale computing, it was just a matter of time before a game-changing achievement was poised to shake up the field of 3D visualizations.
	Twisted magnets make brain-inspired computing more adaptable A form of brain-inspired computing that exploits the intrinsic physical properties of a material to dramatically reduce energy use is now a step closer to reality, thanks to a new study led by UCL and Imperial College London researchers.
	Solar-powered device produces clean water and clean fuel at the same time A floating, solar-powered device that can turn contaminated water or seawater into clean hydrogen fuel and purified water, anywhere in the world, has been developed by researchers.
	First 2D semiconductor with 1,000 transistors developed: Redefining energy efficiency in data processing As information and communication technologies (ICT) process data, they convert electricity into heat. Already today, the global ICT ecosystem's CO2 footprint rivals that of aviation. It turns out, however, that a big part of the energy consumed by computer processors doesn't go into performing calculations. Instead, the bulk of the energy used to process data is spent shuttling bytes between the memory to the processor.
	Study finds AI recognizes faces but not like the human brain Face recognition technology emulates human performance and can even exceed it. And it is becoming increasingly more common for it to be used with cameras for real-time recognition, such as to unlock a smartphone or laptop, log into a social media app, and to check in at the airport.
	Researchers' 'cooling glass' blasts building heat into space University of Maryland researchers aiming to combat rising global temperatures have developed a new "cooling glass" that can turn down the heat indoors without electricity by drawing on the cold depths of space.
	Artificial intelligence for drug discovery offers up unexpected results Which drug molecule is most effective? Researchers are feverishly searching for efficient active substances to combat diseases. These compounds often dock onto proteins, which usually are enzymes or receptors that trigger a specific chain of physiological actions.
	Researchers aim to make cheaper fuel cells a reality As the world turns to greener power sources, it also needs to figure out how to store energy for times when the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't blow.
	Novel approach using natural-language models opens AI applications for edge computing An innovative approach to artificial intelligence (AI) enables reconstructing a broad field of data, such as overall ocean temperature, from a small number of field-deployable sensors using low-powered "edge" computing, with broad applications across industry, science and medicine.
	The long jump: Athletic, insect-scale long jumping robots reach where others can't A team of engineers from the University of Illinois has published the first known study documenting the long-jumping motion of 3-D-printed insect-scale robots.
	New study finds bigger datasets might not always be better for AI models From ChatGPT to DALL-E, deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are being applied to an ever-growing range of fields. A new study from University of Toronto Engineering researchers, published in Nature Communications, suggests that one of the fundamental assumptions of deep learning models—that they require enormous amounts of training data—may not be as solid as once thought.
	Electric heavy lorries poised to overtake hydrogen trucks Hydrogen-powered heavy lorries were once seen as the future of emissions-free road transport but they could soon be relegated to niche markets in Europe, overtaken by electric trucks.
	The battle over right to repair is a fight over your car's data, researchers say Cars are no longer just a means of transportation. They have become rolling hubs of data communication. Modern vehicles regularly transmit information wirelessly to their manufacturers.
	Major cyberattack on Australian ports suggests sabotage by a 'foreign state actor' A serious cyberattack has disrupted operations at several of Australia's largest ports, causing delays and congestion. Late on Friday, port operator DP World detected an IT breach that affected critical systems used to coordinate shipping activity.
	What are AI chatbots actually doing when they 'hallucinate?' Here's why experts don't like the term What are AI chatbots actually doing when they "hallucinate"? Does the term accurately capture why so-called generative AI tools—nearing ubiquity in many professional settings—sometimes generate false information when prompted?
	A gecko-inspired twist on robotic handling The subtle adhesive forces that allow geckos to seemingly defy gravity, cling to walls and walk across ceilings have inspired a team of researchers in South Korea to build a robotic device that can pick up and release delicate materials without damage. The team, based at Kyungpook National University and Dong-A University, has published their research work in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. The researchers are hoping it can be applied to the transfer of objects by robotic systems.
	Machine learning in the maritime environment A study in the International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics addresses a longstanding gap in the world of dry bulk shipping terminals, introducing a two-stage methodology that employs unsupervised machine learning techniques. The work by Iñigo L. Ansorena of the Universidad Internacional de La Rioja in Spain, focused on North European dry bulk terminals, and could improve transparency in terminal management.
	Researcher develops filter to tackle 'unsafe' AI-generated images In the past year, AI image generators have experienced unprecedented popularity. With just a few clicks, all kinds of images can be created: even dehumanizing imagery and hate memes can be included. CISPA researcher Yiting Qu from the team of CISPA Faculty Dr. Yang Zhang has now investigated the proportion of these images among the most popular AI image generators and how their creation can be prevented with effective filters.
	AI images of white faces are now 'hyper-real': Study Images of faces generated by artificial intelligence (AI) can now appear more real than pictures of real people—as long as they are white, a study said on Monday.
	Template for success: Shaping hard carbon electrodes for next-generation batteries Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are, by far, the most widely used type of rechargeable batteries, spanning numerous applications. These include consumer electronics, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and spacecraft.
	Researchers a step closer to making green ammonia a reality The production of ammonia for fertilizers—which has one of the largest carbon footprints among industrial processes—may soon be possible on farms using low-cost, low-energy and environmentally friendly technology. Researchers at UNSW Sydney and their collaborators have developed an innovative technique for sustainable ammonia production at scale.
	Actors union explains AI guardrails in strike deal From computer-generated "extras" to AI "zombies," new restrictions against the use of artificial intelligence in Hollywood were set out by the actors' union Friday.
	Worried Chinese shoppers scrimp, dimming the appeal of a Singles' Day shopping extravaganza Shoppers in China have been tightening their purse strings, raising questions over how faltering consumer confidence may affect Saturday's annual Singles' Day online retail extravaganza.
	Australia ports firm fights to restore operations after cyber incident Ports operator DP World said Sunday it had made "significant strides" towards resuming normal freight trade at major gateways into Australia, which have been crippled for two days by a cyber incident.
	China's 'Singles Day' shopping bonanza loses its luster China's annual "Singles Day" sales bonanza wraps up at midnight on Saturday, but consumers this year appear largely unswayed by its flashy deals and discounts as the world's second-largest economy slows.
	Long-haul carrier Emirates opens Dubai Air Show with $52 billion aircraft purchase from Boeing Long-haul carrier Emirates opened the Dubai Air Show on Monday with a $52 billion purchase of Boeing Co. aircraft, showing how aviation has bounced back after the groundings of the coronavirus pandemic, even as Israel's war with Hamas clouds regional security.
	Australian ports reopen after cyberattack Major ports handling 40 percent of Australia's freight trade have reopened, operator DP World said Monday, three days after they were crippled by a cyberattack.
	Auto supplier Continental to cut thousands of jobs German auto supplier Continental said Monday it will cut thousands of jobs to reduce costs, at a time the sector is facing severe headwinds.
	The growing cyber threat to global shipping The cyberattack that paralyzed several major Australian ports was a sharp reminder of what governments and experts say is a growing threat to shipping, the lifeblood of the global economy.
	Has the cyberattack on DP World put Australia's trade at risk? Probably not—this time Australians getting ready for Christmas this week had reason to believe even the best of preparations were not enough after a cyberattack hit all its major ports.

Chemistry news

	Research proposes a modular customization strategy for defect-free MOF separation membranes Membrane separation technology offers great potential due to its low energy consumption and continuous operation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal membrane candidates due to their abundant species, high porosity, and precise regulation of pore architectures.
	Researchers develop water-based adhesive that can be recycled by changing pH A research team has developed a reversible, water-based glue that has good adhesion in the neutral pH range, but can be detached again in strongly acidic or alkaline environments. As the team writes in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, the novel adhesive system, which is based on electrostatic interactions, has bond strengths somewhere between those of structural adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives. The new adhesive also bonds "difficult" surfaces such as water-repellent polypropylene.
	New technique can capture or reuse CO2 as a chemical source for the production of sustainable plastics A team led by chemists at the University of Liège has developed a new polyurethane production technique using CO2 to create new types of easily recyclable plastics. The study, published in the Journal of the American Chemistry Society, could provide a solution for the development of truly sustainable plastics.
	Fatty acid factory filmed at work Humans generally ingest most of their required fatty acids through their diet. Still, fatty acid biosynthesis is a vital metabolic pathway. For yeasts and bacteria, it is even indispensable.
	Fluorine catch-and-attach process could boost drug efficiency When it comes to chemical reactions, fluorine has a reputation as a 'magic bullet atom' for its ability to increase a drug's absorption and prolong its lifetime. However, traditional methods of adding it to compounds entail expensive materials and can be difficult to pull off.
	Scientists discover key to a potential natural cancer treatment's potency Slumbering among thousands of bacterial strains in a collection of natural specimens at The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, several fragile vials held something unexpected, and possibly very useful.
	Tandem single-atom electrocatalyst realizes reduction of CO2 to ethanol The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into carbon-based fuels provides a promising strategy to mitigate CO2 emission and promotes the utilization of renewable energy.

Biology news

	Doggie dental health: Aged garlic extract shows promise as gum disease treatment Among dogs, periodontal (gum) disease affects various breeds at rates between 44% and 100%, with higher susceptibility in smaller breeds and older dogs. Veterinarians normally advise dog owners to brush their dogs' teeth on a daily basis to remove the dental plaque and oral debris whose buildup can lead to gum disease; however, compliance can be difficult, often due to issues of willingness and temperament.
	Researchers reveal evolutionary secret underlying the rise of seed plants In a study published in Nature Plants, Chao Daiyin's group at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Lyu Shiyou's group at Hubei University have revealed, for the first time, the mystery behind the rise of seed plants from the perspective of specialized cell wall evolution.
	Recent fossil discovery suggests the first dinosaur egg was leathery The discovery of several exceptionally preserved reproduction-related dinosaur specimens over the last three decades has improved our knowledge of dinosaur reproductive biology. Nevertheless, due to limited fossil evidence and a lack of quantitative analysis on a broad phylogenetic scale, much about dinosaur reproduction remained unclear, especially pre-Cretaceous evolutionary history.
	No scientific evidence that Homo naledi was advanced, new study argues A new study has cast doubt on claims that Homo naledi, a small-brained hominin dating to between 335,000 and 241,000 years ago, deliberately buried their dead and produced rock art in Rising Star Cave, South Africa.
	Endangered turtle population under threat as pollution may lead to excess female hatchlings Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, are listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. They are at risk of extinction due to poaching, collisions with boats, habitat destruction, and accidental capture in fishing gear.
	Forming ice: There's a fungal protein for that The way ice forms is a lot more interesting than you think. This basic physical process, among the most common in nature, also remains somewhat mysterious despite decades of scientific scrutiny.
	Research on beer fermentation yeast reveals unexpected evolutionary process Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison made an unexpected discovery while studying a strain of yeast closely related to the kind used to ferment beer—they observed the yeast left half its genetic material behind while evolving.
	Recreation of ancient seawater reveals which nutrients shaped the evolution of early life Scientists know very little about conditions in the ocean when life first evolved, but new research published in Nature Geoscience has revealed how geological processes controlled which nutrients were available to fuel their development.
	Study reveals how corals control their algae population A new study, published by KAUST researchers in Nature Communications, shows that corals, jellyfish, and other symbiotic cnidarians control their symbiotic algae by limiting the amount of nitrogen available for proliferation.
	How marine bristle worms use a special protein to distinguish between sunlight and moonlight In a recent publication in Nature Communications, a joint research team of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), the University of Cologne, and the University of Oldenburg has presented their findings on the functioning of an atypical cryptochrome protein (Cry).
	New study indicates C₄ crops less sensitive to ozone pollution than C₃ crops Ozone (O3) in the troposphere negatively impacts crop growth and development, causing significant decreases in crop yield worldwide. This airborne pollutant does not come directly from smokestacks or vehicles but instead is formed when other pollutants, mainly nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, react in the presence of sunlight. In an increasingly polluted atmosphere, understanding what plants are tolerant of O3 is critical to improving crop productivity and resilience.
	The Goldilocks effect: Researchers establish framework for protein regulation From plants to animals, all living things depend on proteins to help their cells function properly. In certain cases, like when under stress in response to heat or toxins, some proteins within the cell condense into liquid-like droplets called condensates.
	New study shows ancient Europe was not all forest, half was covered in grassland A team of ecologists, biologists, geographers, geologists and Earth scientists from across Europe, working with a colleague from the U.K. and another from Canada, has found evidence suggesting that Europe was not covered heavily by forest during the Last Interglacial period, as many have suggested, but was instead half grassland. In their project, published in the journal Science Advances, the group studied pollen samples collected over many years at dig sites across Europe.
	Birds' nests express their unique style and past experiences, study finds Walking through a town or city, you will encounter buildings with diverse shapes and sizes. These unique styles exist in part because the buildings were constructed by different architects, engineers and builders.
	How green algae count cell divisions illuminates key step needed for the evolution of multicellular life An international research team led by James Umen, Ph.D., member, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center has made an unexpected discovery of a biased counting mechanism used by the single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas to control cell division. Chlamydomonas cells can grow very large and then divide multiple times in succession.
	Evolution of taste: Study discovers bitter taste receptor in sharks A research team from the University of Cologne, in collaboration with colleagues from the Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology in Freising, has discovered a receptor for bitter taste in twelve different cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays). The receptor belongs to the so-called taste receptors type 2 (T2R), which also make humans perceive bitter and potentially toxic foods.
	Six newly discovered beetle species include one with bottle-opener shaped genitalia Six new beetle species have been discovered in South America by researchers at the University of Copenhagen. Among them is one with a distinctively shaped sexual organ that has led the researchers to name it after global beer powerhouse Carlsberg. According to the researchers, more attention urgently needs to be paid to our planet's millions of unknown species before it's too late.
	Animals skin patterns are a matter of physics—research could improve medical diagnostics and synthetic materials Patterns on animal skin, such as zebra stripes and poison frog color patches, serve various biological functions, including temperature regulation, camouflage and warning signals. The colors making up these patterns must be distinct and well separated to be effective. For instance, as a warning signal, distinct colors make them clearly visible to other animals. And as camouflage, well-separated colors allow animals to better blend into their surroundings.
	Exposing plants to an unusual chemical early on may bolster their growth and help feed the world Just like any other organism, plants can get stressed. Usually it's conditions like heat and drought that lead to this stress, and when they're stressed, plants might not grow as large or produce as much. This can be a problem for farmers, so many scientists have tried genetically modifying plants to be more resilient.
	A new theory linking evolution and physics has scientists baffled—but is it solving a problem that doesn't exist? In October, a paper titled "Assembly theory explains and quantifies selection and evolution" appeared in the journal Nature. The authors—a team led by Lee Cronin at the University of Glasgow and Sara Walker at Arizona State University—claim their theory is an "interface between physics and biology" which explains how complex biological forms can evolve.
	How researchers, farmers and brewers want to safeguard beer against climate change On a bright day this fall, tractors crisscrossed Gayle Goschie's farm about an hour outside Portland, Oregon. Goschie is in the beer business—a fourth-generation hops farmer. Fall is the off-season, when the trellises are bare, but recently, her farming team has been adding winter barley, a relatively newer crop in the world of beer, to their rotation, preparing barley seeds by the bucketful.
	Fly larvae: Costa Rica's sustainable protein for animal feed Raised in vertical farms and stuffed with fruit waste, fly larvae have been turned into animal feed, as a new Costa Rican venture in sustainability is demonstrating.
	Poachers beware: New online tool traces illegal lion products back to source A new conservation tool from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is helping protect lions across Africa, where populations have plummeted in recent decades due to poaching and other factors. With the Lion Localizer and a simple DNA test, authorities can examine the geographic origin of illegally traded teeth, claws, bones, and other body parts from the poached animals.
	Modeling the dynamics of animal migration and parasitic infection Migration is a survival mechanism for many species. Animals travel to find food, reproduce, reduce competition, escape predators or escape winter.
	Protein CENP-E plays important role during cell division Cells divide to produce new cells. A protein meshwork called the fibrous corona plays an important role during this process, as it ensures that DNA is evenly distributed over the new daughter cells. In collaboration with the UMC Utrecht, researchers from the group of Geert Kops now offer new insight into the components that are involved in the formation of the fibrous corona and found a key role for the protein CENP-E. They published their results in the Journal of Cell Biology on November 7th.
	Mysterious new moth species discovered in Europe European Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), with a currently known inventory of approximately 11, 000 species, are generally considered well-researched.
	What the world's oldest dog can tell us about aging If you have ever cared for a pet dog, it is a sad truth that you are likely to outlive them. So it's no wonder that people may be asking how to increase their pet's longevity following the news that a dog in Portugal lived longer than 30 years.
	Key clues to DNA repair mechanism might lead to new cancer treatments Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have identified key factors in the mechanism behind DNA repair in our bodies. For the first time, they showed that the "proofreading" portion of the DNA replicating enzyme polymerase epsilon ensured safe termination of replication at damaged portions of the DNA strand, ultimately saving DNA from severe damage. This new knowledge arms scientists with ways to make anti-cancer drugs more effective and may provide new diagnostic methods.
	Cladophora in Qinghai Lake as an ecological engineer helps increase phytoplankton biodiversity Excessive filamentous algae growth has become a global concern, posing serious challenges to the management of major bodies of water, including China's Qinghai Lake, the largest lake of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. While many studies have focused on micro-algal blooms, there remains limited research on filamentous algal blooms (FABs).
	Australia has more native bird species than almost anywhere else. What led to this explosion of diversity? When you went out today, did you see any birds? A galah perhaps, or a crow?
	Climate change is altering animal brains and behavior—a neuroscientist explains how Human-driven climate change is increasingly shaping the Earth's living environments. Rising temperatures, rapid shifts in rainfall and seasonality, and ocean acidification are presenting altered environments to many animal species. How do animals adjust to these new, often extreme, conditions?
	Scientists describe and name new species of coral in French Polynesia Scientists from the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University have described and named a new species of coral in the waters of French Polynesia.
	Heated bay off Sweden's coast potentially shows how ecosystems are affected by future global warming Research at a long-term heated bay near Oskarshamn, in south east Sweden, provides a rare insight into how the Baltic Sea's coastal areas will be affected by climate change. Here, cooling water from the nearby nuclear power plant has raised the average temperature by an average of 5°C for 50 years. New research shows that this prolonged warming stresses key bacteria and makes the ecosystem more vulnerable.
	Researcher creates world's first database of animal 'odors' using shingleback lizards Scientists have used bobtail lizards to create the world's first database of "odors" from a living animal.
	Dominica to create world's first sperm whale reserve Dominica is set to create the world's first sperm whale reserve, designating a swath of ocean where large ships and commercial fishing are restricted and visitors can swim alongside the gentle marine giants.
	Naturally regrowing forests are helping to protect the remaining old forests in the Amazon The climate crisis and UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration have generated great interest in the value of secondary forests. These are forests that have regrown naturally on land abandoned from agriculture.
	Researchers confirm six unique strains of African swine fever virus The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) has announced that researchers have reclassified the number of African Swine Fever (ASF) virus strains from 25 to only six unique genotypes. This scientific innovation may help redefine how ASF researchers across the globe classify ASF virus (ASFV) isolates and may make it easier for scientists to develop vaccines that match the different strains circulating in ASF endemic areas across the globe.
	EU parliamentarians agree on law to restore natural environments The European Parliament on Thursday agreed on a controversial law to restore degraded environments to their natural state.
	Endangered sea turtles get second life at Tunisian center A crowd has gathered to see off Rose, a loggerhead sea turtle, who labors across the Tunisian sand to rejoin the waters of the Mediterranean.
	A closer look at arsenic speciation in freshwater fish: The need for comprehensive analysis In a review published in the journal Food Quality and Safety, researchers from University of Alberta consolidated existing knowledge on arsenic speciation in freshwater fish. Their investigation delved into techniques for arsenic determination, highlighting the challenges and avenues for further research.
	How to boost chicken production with the power of beta-glucanase in wheat diets In today's world, where concerns about antibiotic resistance and public health are on the rise, scientists are actively seeking alternatives to antibiotics in chicken feed. In a recent publication in the Animal Nutrition journal, a team of Canadian researchers detailed a common ingredient in chicken diets—wheat—and how a special enzyme, purified beta-glucanase, can make a big difference.

Medicine and Health news

	Researchers use a TV sitcom to uncover something about how the brain processes jokes Researchers at Western University, Canada, have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying humor processing, specifically focusing on humor comprehension and appreciation. The researchers aimed to delineate the roles of two key brain regions, the dorsal and ventral striatum.
	Researchers discover elevated spinal cord enzyme linked to motor neuron aging A research collaboration led by the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, investigated the role of CHIT1, a protein associated with microglia, in aging.
	Magnetic field patterns found to cause oncolysis via oxidative stress in glioma cells Anticancer treatment strategies increasingly seek to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cause macromolecular damage, and kill cancer cells. Electromagnetic fields can elevate intracellular reactive oxygen species to cause cancer cell death leading to the development of a new portable, wearable electromagnetic field device that generates spinning oscillating magnetic fields (sOMF) to selectively eliminate cancers.
	Most everyone can lower blood pressure by reducing salt, even those on BP drugs: Study Nearly everyone can lower their blood pressure, even people currently on blood pressure- reducing drugs, by lowering their sodium intake, reports a new study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Northwestern Medicine and the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
	Semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events by 20% in overweight or obese adults who don't have diabetes: Trial Findings from a multi-center, international clinical trial reported by a Cleveland Clinic physician show that semaglutide reduced cardiovascular events by 20% in adults with overweight or obesity and established cardiovascular disease who do not have diabetes.
	New study sheds light on how our brains perceive—or fail to perceive—what we see A new study in Nature Neuroscience on 'visual masking' sheds light on how we 'unsee' things and points to how conscious perception is generated in the brain.
	New drug-like molecule extends lifespan, ameliorates pathology in worms and boosts function in mammalian muscle cells Having healthy mitochondria, the organelles that produce energy in all our cells, usually portends a long healthy life whether in humans or in C. elegans, a tiny, short-lived nematode worm often used to study the aging process.
	Wireless, handheld, non-invasive device detects Alzheimer's and Parkinson's biomarkers An international team of researchers has developed a handheld, non-invasive device that can detect biomarkers for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. The biosensor can also transmit the results wirelessly to a laptop or smartphone.
	New compound outperforms pain drug by indirectly targeting calcium channels A compound—one of 27 million screened in a library of potential new drugs—reversed four types of chronic pain in animal studies, according to new research led by NYU College of Dentistry's Pain Research Center and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
	Study finds melatonin use soaring among youth Nearly one in five school-aged children and preteens now take melatonin for sleep, and some parents routinely give the hormone to preschoolers, according to new research from the University of Colorado Boulder published Nov. 13 in JAMA Pediatrics.
	National survey indicates more young adults begin nicotine use with vaping, not cigarettes Young adults are now more likely to vape than to use traditional cigarettes. After years of public health success in decreasing the numbers of people using cigarettes, researchers are seeing striking increases in the numbers of young people who use e-cigarettes regularly—so much so that, for the first time, there are more young people who begin to use nicotine through vaping rather than through cigarettes.
	Mozambique faces alarming multidrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic With one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) incidences (368 cases/100,000 population) in the African region, Mozambique is particularly affected by the TB epidemic. Drug-resistant TB is also a major problem, with 4,800 new cases of multidrug resistant (MDR)/rifampicin-resistant TB in the country estimated in 2021.
	Trial shows a single dose of an experimental therapy reduces lipoprotein(a) by more than 94% for nearly a year Findings from a Phase I trial reported by a Cleveland Clinic physician show that a single dose of an experimental therapy produced greater than 94% reductions in blood levels of lipoprotein(a), a key driver of heart disease risk, with the results lasting for nearly a year.
	The 'Christchurch mutation': How good can overpower evil in the genetic determination of Alzheimer's disease Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have discovered that a rare genetic variant known as the "Christchurch mutation" can block detrimental effects of apolipoprotein E4, the best-established risk factor for the most common form of Alzheimer's disease.
	How climate change could be affecting your brain A new element of the catastrophic impacts of climate change is emerging—how global warming is impacting the human brain.
	Mapping cell behaviors in high-grade glioma to improve treatment High-grade gliomas are cancerous tumors that spread quickly in the brain or spinal cord. In a new study led by Mayo Clinic, researchers found invasive brain tumor margins of high-grade glioma (HGG) contain biologically distinct genetic and molecular alterations that point to aggressive behavior and disease recurrence. The findings suggest insights into potential treatments that could modify the course of the disease.
	'Zoom fatigue': Exhaustion caused by video conferencing proven on a neurophysiological level Using EEG and ECG data, researchers at the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria and Graz University of Technology were able to prove that video conferences and online education formats lead to greater fatigue than face-to-face alternatives.
	Transfusing more blood may benefit patients who have had heart attack and have anemia An international clinical trial led by physician Jeffrey L. Carson, distinguished professor of medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, found that a liberal blood transfusion given to patients who have had a heart attack and have anemia may reduce the risk of a reoccurrence and improve survival rates.
	Interventions that reduce inflammation may reduce incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease Canadian scientists have established for the first time a new mechanism and role for LDL in the development of type 2 diabetes, beyond its traditional role in the development of cardiovascular disease in humans.
	Empowering pandemic preparedness by leveraging artificial intelligence and data governance "When will the COVID-19 pandemic end?" This question has been on our minds for years, and it often feels like an answer is just out of reach.
	AI faces look more real than actual human face: Study White faces generated by artificial intelligence (AI) now appear more real than human faces, according to new research led by experts at The Australian National University (ANU).
	Ovarian cancer: Artificial intelligence predicts therapy responses A model based on artificial intelligence is able to predict the therapy outcome (measured by volumetric reduction of tumor lesions) in 80% of ovarian cancer patients. The AI-based model has an accuracy of 80%, significantly better than current clinical methods.
	Cycle of fasting and feeding is crucial for healthy aging, killifish study suggests Fasting interventions, which involve alternating periods of fasting and refeeding, are generally thought to improve health. But these interventions don't work as well in old animals. The question is: Why?
	Rodents may see moving objects in a way similar to primates, visual cortex study suggests To accurately perceive the direction of moving objects, rats may exploit a small but very useful cluster of visual neurons, which seem to work in the same way as the "pattern cells" found in the cerebral cortex of primates. Thanks to these neurons, rats may rely on a rather advanced motion processing system, based on extraction of high-level visual information from retinal images.
	Researchers take new AI approach to analyzing tumors Researchers at Karolinska Institutet and SciLifeLab in Sweden have combined artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in satellite imaging and community ecology to interpret large amounts of data from tumor tissue. The method, presented in the journal Nature Communications, could contribute to more personalized treatment of cancer patients.
	Research shows maternal dengue immunity worsens birth defects caused by Zika virus A first-of-its-kind study led by Duke-NUS Medical School has shown that prior maternal immunity to the dengue virus substantially increases the risk of severe birth defects induced by Zika virus infection during pregnancy.
	Heart stents may offer alternative to chest pain medication for angina patients Some patients with chest pain from reduced blood flow to the heart may benefit from having a stent implanted, instead of chest pain medications.
	New treatment for severe short stature shows promise Teresa Quattrin, MD, University at Buffalo Distinguished Professor of pediatrics, is a co-author on a new global study that suggests a novel treatment option for children with achondroplasia—a form of severe short stature.
	Medical researchers show AI can easily generate large volumes of health-related disinformation Government and industry guardrails are urgently needed for Generative AI to protect the health and well-being of our communities, say Flinders University medical researchers who put the technology to the test and saw how it failed.
	Researchers develop gel to deliver cancer drugs for solid tumors Intratumoral therapy—in which cancer drugs are injected directly into tumors—is a promising treatment option for solid cancers but has shown limited success in clinical trials due to an inability to precisely deliver the drug and because most immunotherapies quickly dissipate from the site of injection.
	Best way to prevent cervical cancers: Immunize boys against HPV, too The best way to prevent cervical cancer in women is to give HPV vaccines to both boys and girls, a new study argues.
	Man receives the first eye transplant plus a new face. It's a step toward one day restoring sight Surgeons have performed the world's first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant—although it's far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye.
	Coronary calcium scores highly effective in identifying heart disease in people without any known risk factors: Study While high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and smoking are well known heart disease risks, not everyone who has a heart attack has them. In fact, previous research has shown that 14% to 27% of heart attack patients have none of these risk factors.
	Early-life stress changes more genes in the brain than a head injury A surprising thing happened when researchers began exploring whether early-life stress compounds the effects of a childhood head injury on health and behavior later in life. In an animal study, stress changed the activation level of many more genes in the brain than were changed by a bump to the head.
	Hormonal contraceptives in teens may alter brain's risk assessment skills Hormonal contraceptives taken by adolescents may influence development of the brain in a way that alters the recognition of risks, a new study in rats suggests.
	Genetic testing identifies patients with inherited risk of cardiomyopathy to improve quality of life and reduce deaths New research from Intermountain Health in Salt Lake City finds that genetic screening is effective in identifying patients who have a heart condition known as cardiomyopathy to improve their quality of life and reduce deaths.
	Survey finds many Americans are letting their guard down during respiratory illness season Despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warning this year will be potentially dangerous for respiratory illnesses, a third of Americans are not concerned about the threat, according to a new national survey by The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.
	New study finds current dosing recommendations may not help patients achieve optimal vitamin D levels Low levels of vitamin D have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of having a cardiac event, like a heart attack or stroke. For this reason, treatment by vitamin D pills or injections are being investigated as a possible preventative method in these patients.
	Obesity associated with worse flare symptoms and quality of life in people with early rheumatoid arthritis A recent study from Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and others has found a correlation between obesity and more severe disease flare symptoms that negatively affect quality of life in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder affecting multiple joints in the body. The study was presented at ACR Convergence 2023, the annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology.
	Study finds poor ventilation use during CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest The ventilation technique, also known as rescue breathing, commonly used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for people with cardiac arrest is often performed poorly by professional emergency responders, and this ineffective strategy is linked to significantly worse patient survival rates, according to a study supported by the National Institutes of Health.
	Sitting down all day is killing us: The cure is surprisingly simple—and difficult From head to toe, our bodies are adapting to accommodate our devices. A majority of U.S. workers spend most of each weekday seated and looking at screens. We've thereby put ourselves in the midst of a slow-moving health crisis marked by alarming rates of early-onset diabetes and hypertension. Plus, by the end of most days—though it's not the preferred medical terminology—we just feel like crap.
	Wegovy study bolsters use in patients with obesity and heart disease Novo Nordisk A/S unveiled details from a closely watched study that support use of Wegovy, its blockbuster weight-loss drug, to cut heart attacks and strokes in obesity patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.
	A new RSV shot could help protect babies this winter—if they can get it in time A RSV new therapy for infants, called nirsevimab, started shipping in September. By mid-October, demand for nirsevimab, sold under the brand name Beyfortus, had already outstripped supply, according to the pharmaceutical company Sanofi, which developed the drug with AstraZeneca.
	Shortening sleep time increases diabetes risk in women, finds study A new study at Columbia University has found that shortening sleep by just 90 minutes for six weeks increased insulin resistance in women who are accustomed to getting adequate sleep. The effect was even more pronounced in postmenopausal women.
	Your reaction matters: The role of antibodies in COVID-19 response Efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have largely focused on vaccine development and deployment. But how exactly do our immune systems respond to COVID-19 vaccines? The major response occurs in one of two ways: the production of antibodies that bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the production of antibodies that bind to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the coronavirus viral spike protein.
	Blood thinner apixaban found to prevent strokes in patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation The widely available blood thinner apixaban substantially reduced stroke in at-risk patients with a type of atrial fibrillation only detectable by a pacemaker or other implanted cardiac electronic device, a global study has found.
	Australian study reveals the high cost of childhood hospitalization A University of Sydney study has shed light on the impact of childhood hospitalization, showing the direct and indirect costs of pediatric admissions, how it impacts the child, their families and the health system.
	Risk assessment after severe complication of liver cirrhosis improved Approximately half of patients with advanced liver disease have varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach, and more than a fifth of them experience bleeding from these varices into the digestive tract.
	Researchers explore origins of lupus, find reason for condition's prevalence among women For years, researchers and clinicians have known that lupus, an autoimmune condition, occurs in women at a rate nine times higher than in men. Some of the factors that cause the disease's high prevalence in women have eluded discovery, but in a new study investigating the immune system processes in lupus and the X chromosome, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have uncovered answers about the disease's frequency in females.
	Artificial intelligence may speed heart attack diagnosis and treatment Technology incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and electrocardiogram (EKG) testing for patients having a heart attack decreased the time to diagnose and send patients for treatment by almost 10 minutes, according to results of a late-breaking science study conducted in a hospital in Taiwan and presented today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023.
	New assay could revolutionize detection and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia A novel assay that detects a unique molecular marker in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may revolutionize the way this disease is detected and treated according to a new report in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. This assay may improve the detection of AML driven by KMT2A gene fusions and may affect treatment decision-making, assessing response to therapy, and long-term surveillance.
	Perceived racism leads to greater risk of stroke among Black women Black U.S. individuals are especially vulnerable to stroke, with a two-to-threefold higher stroke incidence and 1.2 times higher stroke mortality than white U.S. individuals. Black women in particular, experience stroke and stroke-related mortality at higher rates and earlier onset than women in any other racial group.
	An intravenous needle that irreversibly softens via body temperature on insertion Intravenous (IV) injection is a common route for medical treatment worldwide as it induces rapid effects and allows continuous administration of medication by directly injecting drugs into the blood vessel. However, medical IV needles, made of hard materials such as stainless steel or plastic that do not mechanically match the soft biological tissues of the body, can cause critical problems in health care settings, starting from minor tissue damages in the injection sites to serious inflammation.
	Q&A: Can virtual reality help people eat a healthier diet? With heart disease and diabetes—which can be caused or worsened by poor diet—among the leading causes of death and illness for adults in the United States, researchers in the Penn State College of Health and Human Development are studying influences on human eating behavior.
	Proposed smoking ban would improve UK public health—but tobacco industry opposition could be a major roadblock In his speech on Tuesday, King Charles III outlined what measures the government plans to introduce to cut smoking rates and create a smoke-free generation in England.
	What women say about how breastfeeding affects their body image The benefits of breastfeeding are well known—but the UK has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates in the world. The WHO recommends that babies should be exclusively breastfed up to the age of six months (when they can start having food in addition to breast milk). But just 1% of women in the UK exclusively breastfeed their babies to six months old.
	Research reveals how breast cancer gene mutations may impact cell communication New Cleveland Clinic research reveals how BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations may impact cell communication in breast tissue, furthering the understanding of how cancer develops.
	Cannabis users appear to be relying less on conventional sleep aids Most people who reported using cannabis to get a good night's rest in a recent study have quit using over-the-counter, or prescription sleep aids altogether.
	Limited positive childhood experiences linked to higher binge-eating risk in college New findings from the University of Houston Department of Health and Human Performance reveal a significant association between a lower number of positive childhood experiences and a higher prevalence of binge-eating disorder characteristics, as well as lower scores for intuitive eating.
	Antiviral treatment is largely underused in children with influenza, study shows Despite national medical guidelines supporting the use of antiviral medications in young children diagnosed with influenza, a new study reports an underuse of the treatment.
	New medication given every one to three months may slash stubborn high cholesterol A new PCSK9 inhibitor (recaticimab) injected every one to three months may work safely and provide more flexible dosing to lower cholesterol, according to late-breaking science presented today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	A single infusion of a gene-editing medicine may control inherited high LDL cholesterol A single infusion of a CRISPR-based gene-editing therapy significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, the "bad cholesterol") in people who carry one gene for the inherited condition that results in very high LDL cholesterol levels and a high risk of heart attack at an early age, according to late-breaking science presented today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	Worried about getting a blood test? Five tips to make them easier (and still accurate) Blood tests are a common medical procedure, offering valuable insights into a person's health. Whether you're getting a routine check-up, diagnosing a medical condition or monitoring treatment progress, understanding the process can make the experience more comfortable and effective.
	Research backs visual therapy to reduce harmful sexual fantasies A psychology therapy that uses visual imagery to desensitize people from traumatic memories can also reduce the impacts of harmful sexual fantasies, according to UniSC Ph.D. research.
	Why are my kids good around other people and then badly behaved with me? Parents may be familiar with this scenario: a child is well-behaved at school and polite to their teachers but has a meltdown at home in the afternoon.
	Improving blood pressure control after pregnancy found to have long-term cardiovascular benefits Women with high blood pressure during pregnancy had long-term blood pressure and cardiac benefits if their blood pressure was carefully controlled for the first few weeks after having a baby, according to late-breaking science presented today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science. The full manuscript is also simultaneously published Nov. 11 in JAMA.
	COVID-19 imposed new burdens on already disadvantaged groups and left pre-existing social inequalities in place: Study An article by Stockholm University researchers, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), relies on data for the entire Swedish population and uncovers how the COVID-19 pandemic created new social inequalities and affected existing inequalities.
	Reducing systolic blood pressure to less than 120 mm Hg found to reduce cardiovascular event risk An intensive three-year intervention to lower the top blood pressure number to less than 120 mm Hg was more effective at preventing death, heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular events in adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease, compared to the standard treatment target of under 140 mm Hg, according to late-breaking science presented today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023.
	Study finds single dose of zilebesiran safely and effectively lowers blood pressure for six months A single injection of the experimental medication zilebesiran was safe and effective in reducing systolic blood pressure in people with mild-to-moderate high blood pressure for up to six months, as detailed in the Phase 2 of the KARDIA -1 study, reported as late-breaking science today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	Research suggests lowering blood pressure significantly reduces dementia risk in people with hypertension An intensive, four-year blood-pressure intervention significantly reduced the risk of developing dementia among adults with high blood pressure compared to people who received usual care, in a study reported as late-breaking science today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	States with legalized medical marijuana see decline in nonmedical opioid use Medical cannabis legalization is associated with a decrease in the frequency of nonmedical prescription opioid use, according to a Rutgers study.
	Physicians prescribing opioid use treatment influence others to follow suit, finds study Emergency departments (EDs) are critical settings for treating opioid use disorder, but few ED physicians initiate treatments like administration of buprenorphine, a drug known to activate the brain's opioid receptors and help patients safely manage and treat opioid addiction. However, emergency department physicians are more likely to start prescribing buprenorphine if they see their colleagues prescribe it, a new Yale study reveals.
	What should I do with an expired COVID test? Have you ever been exposed to someone with COVID-19, or had the sniffles, and reached for an at-home test in your medicine cabinet—only to notice it's way past the expiration date stamped on the box?
	Wegovy cuts heart risks by 20% in large trial In a finding that could change the landscape of heart disease care, the wildly popular weight-loss drug Wegovy has proved its mettle in protecting the heart after lowering the risk of cardiac problems in patients by 20%.
	Study finds using electric toothbrushes significantly improves children's dental health It may be time to go electric when it comes to kids brushing their teeth, according to new research by the Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine.
	Researchers adapt health system COVID-19 collaboration to track near-real-time trends in visits for substance use In a recently released study, researchers at Hennepin Healthcare and other Minnesota health systems describe how a COVID-19 collaboration across Minnesota health systems was adapted to monitor near-real-time trends in substance use–related hospital and emergency department (ED) visits.
	Do long episodes of device-detected atrial fibrillation justify anticoagulation? In patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation the risk of stroke appears low (1% per year) compared to patients with ECG-detected atrial fibrillation, even in patients with long episodes. Anticoagulation can slightly reduce stroke risk, but also increase major bleeding.
	Research disputes method to study possible association of body fat with warming cuddles and social attachment Psychologists have suspected that the quantity of brown body fat, which is found in a specific area in the upper neck and can increase body temperature, is linked to the tendency of some people to seek physical contact. A recent study has sought to evaluate whether there is an easy, low-cost and non-invasive way to determine the activity of this tissue.
	Acupuncture may offer limited relief to patients with chronic hives A randomized controlled trial that included more than 300 people diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU)—hives—has found that acupuncture may offer limited relief from the condition, but clinical significance of this finding was unclear. The study is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Virologic rebound observed in 20% of patients treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir An observational study of patients being treated for acute COVID-19 in a multicenter health care system observed virologic rebound in about 20% of patients treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (N-R) versus about 2% of those who did not receive treatment. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	New anti-clotting medication found to reduce bleeding among people with atrial fibrillation An experimental anti-clotting medication, abelacimab, significantly reduced bleeding among people with atrial fibrillation (or AFib) who were at risk of stroke, according to results of the AZALEA-TIMI 71 trial, presented today as late-breaking science at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia, is a premier global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	Appropriate statin prescriptions found to increase with automated referral The odds of prescribing the appropriate dose of statins—a medicine used to lower "bad" cholesterol levels—increased sixfold when automated referrals were made to pharmacy services, instead of relying on traditional prescribing methods, according to researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
	Music sessions can help millions who struggle to speak to lead a richer life, research suggests Tailored music sessions could be crucial in transforming the lives of millions of people whose speech is impacted by learning difficulties, strokes, dementia, brain damage, and autism, a new study suggests.
	Reviewing new challenges and opportunities for hepatitis B cures Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant public health problem, with over 296 million people chronically infected worldwide. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for over 40 years, HBV remains a leading cause of liver disease and death.
	Some increase in cancer found after 1986 Chernobyl disaster The nuclear accident in Chernobyl in 1986 led to the spread of radioactivity across Sweden and Europe. In a long-term study now published in Environmental Epidemiology, researchers have used new, more specific calculation methods to show the connection between radiation dose and certain types of cancer.
	Study finds people with inflammatory arthritis face significant psychological challenges in maintaining employment Research from Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) reveals a significant psychological impact related to inflammatory arthritis patients' efforts to maintain employment while coping with the challenges of their illness. The study, titled "The Psychological Experience of Work for People with Inflammatory Arthritis (IA)," was presented at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Convergence 2023 on November 13 in San Diego.
	Using deep learning to process raw photoacoustic channel data and guide cardiac interventions Cardiovascular diseases rank among the top causes of death across the world, and cardiac interventions are similarly very common. For example, cardiac catheter ablation procedures, which are used to treat arrythmias, number in several tens of thousands per year in the US alone. In these procedures, surgeons insert a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into the femoral vein in the leg and navigate their way up to the heart, where the problematic tissue is destroyed using cold or focused radiation.
	New study shows perception of aging is linked to level of physical activity in arthritis patients People with arthritis who report more negative feelings about how they are aging tend to get less physical activity and perceive themselves as less healthy, according to a new study by researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and Weill Cornell Medicine. However, self-perception of good health explained the effect of negative thinking—providing an opportunity for clinicians to focus on a patient's outlook on aging as well as their overall health.
	AI tool could help thousands avoid fatal heart attacks An AI tool that can predict 10-year risk of deadly heart attacks could transform treatment for patients who undergo CT scans to investigate chest pain, according to research presented today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions in Philadelphia.
	AI technology improves detection of heart disease during and after pregnancy, research finds Electrocardiogram (EKG) based screening using an artificial intelligence-enabled digital stethoscope may detect peripartum cardiomyopathy, a disease of the heart muscle in pregnant and recently pregnant women, at double the rate of standard obstetric care including clinical EKGs, according to late-breaking science presented today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023. The meeting, Nov. 11-13, in Philadelphia, is a global exchange of the latest scientific advancements, research, and evidence-based clinical practice updates in cardiovascular science.
	New approaches in the fight against drug resistance in malaria Malaria is one of the most widespread and deadly infectious diseases worldwide. New compounds are continuously required due to the risk of malaria parasites becoming resistant to the medicines currently used. A team of researchers at FAU, led by Prof. Dr. Svetlana B. Tsogoeva, has now combined the anti-malaria drug artemisinin with coumarin—which, like artemisinin, is also found in plants—and the researchers developed an auto-fluorescent compound from both bioactive substances.
	Overdose prevention sites not associated with increase in crime, according to study An analysis co-led by a Brown public health researcher has found that the nation's first two government-sanctioned overdose prevention centers were not associated with significant changes in crime.
	Scientists create device that can isolate blood flow to brain An experimental device that isolates blood flow to the brain has the potential to revolutionize brain research. The device redirects the brain's blood supply through a pump that maintains or adjusts a range of variables necessary to maintain the organ, including blood pressure, temperature, oxygenation and nutrients, researchers report.
	US men are dying much earlier than women, as death 'gender gap' widens: Study The gap in life expectancy between American men and women is now the biggest it has been since the mid-1990s—almost six years.
	Immigrants living in US have fewer preterm births; US-born Black pregnant people have highest preterm birth rate Preterm birth rates are an important marker in assessing a country's overall health, and the United States isn't faring very well.
	Researchers find more than 4,700 gene clusters crucial for prognosis in 32 cancer types Researchers at the Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling have released a study identifying 4,749 key gene clusters, termed "prognostic modules," that significantly influence the progression of 32 different types of cancer.
	Asthma symptoms are more common in children with stressed parents, finds new research University of Queensland research has shown a link between parental stress stemming from financial hardship and exacerbated asthma symptoms in children.
	Tasty and healthy: Try these Thanksgiving meal tips for kids The Thanksgiving table is typically loaded down with turkey, stuffing, gravy, mashed potatoes and all kinds of pie, but nutritionists say kids should also be encouraged to eat fresh fruit and vegetables during the holiday meal.
	Bruce Springsteen and peptic ulcer awareness When Bruce Springsteen abruptly postponed his two Philadelphia concerts at Citizens Bank Park in August ― and then went on to play five shows in New England and New Jersey before calling off the rest of his 2023 dates ― "we were just as surprised as everyone else to learn the extent of his illness," E Street Band guitarist Steve Van Zandt has said.
	Ask the Pediatrician: Preventing preschool expulsions, AAP policy explained For very young children, preschool and child care should be safe, nurturing spaces that support learning and growth. All too often, though, children are forced to leave early education and child care programs when they behave in dangerous or disruptive ways.
	Consumer health: Recognizing the signs of pneumonia Pneumonia causes more than 1 million hospitalizations and 50,000 deaths per year in the U.S., according to the American Lung Association.
	A high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile matters in pediatric patients with antiphospholipid syndrome A new study by Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) investigators has found that an initial high-risk antibody profile for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) tended to remain high in pediatric patients. The results were presented in a poster session at American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Convergence 2023.
	Regina hospital allegations point to an epidemic of bullying and discrimination in health care Foreign-trained physicians at Regina General Hospital have alleged that discriminatory practices by the hospital's "racist, and discriminatory leadership" have led to them being targeted and sidelined.
	Neural decoding of visual information across different neural recording modalities and approaches Every day, various types of sensory information from the external environment are transferred to the brain through different modalities and then processed to generate a series of coping behaviors. Among these perceptual modalities, vision is arguably the dominant contributor to the interactions between the external environment and the brain.
	Advances and challenges in gene therapy for rare diseases A new review article in Human Gene Therapy summarizes the significant milestones in the development of gene therapy medicinal products that have facilitated the treatment of a significant number of rare diseases. The article also describes the challenges in the progress of gene therapy for rare diseases.
	C/EBPβ cooperates with MYB to maintain the oncogenic program of AML cells A new editorial perspective titled "C/EBPβ cooperates with MYB to maintain the oncogenic program of AML cells" has been published in Oncotarget.
	Babies cry less with to skin-to-skin contact, says behavioral psychologist It appears beneficial for mothers and babies to have one hour of skin-to-skin contact per day in the first five weeks after birth. Mothers who do so may experience less anxiety and fatigue and often continue to breastfeed for longer. Their babies cry less and may sleep longer. These are the conclusions of behavioral psychologist Kelly Cooijmans, who defended her Ph.D. dissertation at Radboud University on 17 November.

Other Sciences news

	Saturday Citations: A big old black hole, polar bears in bad decline, building a jail for electrons This week, we covered developments about a record-breaking black hole, the continued plight of polar bears, ChatGPT trying to learn intuition and more. Don't worry if you missed those stories. We've got you covered here.
	Farmers or foragers? Pre-colonial Aboriginal food production was hardly that simple For almost 10 years, debate has raged over the book Dark Emu by Aboriginal historian Bruce Pascoe. In it, Pascoe argues many pre-colonial Aboriginal groups were farmers, pointing to examples like eel aquaculture in Victoria, and grain planting and threshing of native millet in the arid center.
	New heat map charts unequal civic opportunity in the US People in many parts of the United States possess few chances for the robust community engagement that underpins healthy democracies, according to a new report that for the first time maps civic opportunity across the country.
	New research maps 14 potential evolutionary dead ends for humanity and ways to avoid them For the first time, scientists have used the concept of evolutionary traps on human societies at large. They find that humankind risks getting stuck in 14 evolutionary dead ends, ranging from global climate tipping points to misaligned artificial intelligence, chemical pollution, and accelerating infectious diseases.
	Experiment finds AI-based intervention helps undergrads pass STEM course U.S. college students majoring in STEM fields currently graduate about 20% less often than their non-STEM peers, a resounding clarion call for better assisting those students, especially in their first few semesters. Though systemic, long-term shifts—away from lecturing, toward the sharing of evidence-based teaching practices—should help, the inertia of academia can sometimes slow their adoption.
	Hunter-gatherer approach to childcare suggests that the key to mother and child well-being may be many caregivers Infants and toddlers may be psychologically wired to thrive with high levels of "sensitive care" and personal attention, according to a study conducted with contemporary hunter-gatherer societies.
	When keeping secrets could brighten your day Though people often want to share good news as soon as they learn it, a study published by the American Psychological Association has found that keeping good news a secret before telling someone else could make people feel more energized and alive.
	Best of Last Week—synthetic chromosome, computerized Othello solved, alcohol and caffeine impact on sleeping It was a good week for biological research as a team of geneticists in the U.K. completed construction of a synthetic chromosome—their work was part of an international project aimed at building the world's first synthetic yeast genome. Also, a team of environmentalists and coastal managers in China, working with a colleague from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, found that zooplankton that live in both fresh and ocean water can chew apart microplastics, breaking them down into even smaller and potentially more dangerous nanoplastics. And a combined team of paleontologists from the University of Kansas, in the U.S., and the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, in China, found fossil specimens that they believe tell the tale of the last primate to inhabit North America before the arrival of humans.
	A 'fish cartel' for Africa could benefit the countries, and their seas Banding together to sell fishing rights could generate economic benefits for African countries, which receive far less from access to their fisheries on the global market than other countries do from theirs. By joining forces, UC Santa Barbara researchers say in a paper published in Nature Communications, African fisheries would not just secure more competitive access fees, they could also protect their seas' biodiversity.
	A new approach to understanding Aboriginal foodways A University of Queensland-led research team says the key to a more sustainable food future may be a better understanding of ancient Indigenous food production systems.
	Want higher graduation rates? New study shows public spending on families is key A new study, conducted in collaboration between researchers at Michigan State University and Central Michigan University, found that public spending on social safety net programs and on education spending each independently impact high school graduation rates, which are a key predictor of health and well-being later in life.
	Millennials aren't all worse off than Baby Boomers, but the rich-poor gap is widening According to new research, millennials, a generation often characterized as less wealthy than their parents, are not uniformly worse off than their Baby Boomer counterparts. They are, however, contending with a "vast and increasing" wealth gap, due to the increasingly uneven financial rewards reaped from different life and career paths, compared with their Boomer predecessors. This creates the impression that as a generation, they are losing out.
	New scientific methods for analyzing criminal careers Researchers at the Complexity Science Hub have examined 1.2 million criminal incidents and developed an innovative method to identify patterns in criminal trajectories. The study is published in the journal Scientific Reports.
	Millions of working people in the UK can't pay an unexpected £300 bill, new study finds Millions of insecure workers in the U.K. are living in fear that they will lose their jobs and that an unexpected bill could put them in the red, according to a new in-depth analysis from the Work Foundation at Lancaster University and the Chartered Management Institute (CMI).
	Shareholder activists can inadvertently raise CEO pay—here's how to help make pay rises more equal for all Activist investors or shareholders can be a powerful force in the corporate world, capable of driving significant change within companies. Their influence can be a force for good. It can extend beyond financial decisions to advocate that a company makes important societal, ethical and, increasingly, environmental changes.
	Insecure renting ages you faster than owning a home, unemployment or obesity. Better housing policy can change this People's experiences of private rental housing are linked to faster biological aging, our recent research finds.
	Debunking the myth of steady male employment Steady employment has long been the assumed standard associated with the American man, especially by the Baby Boomer generation. New research is pushing back on the archetype and shedding light on the potential consequences of upholding the "breadwinner" ideology in a labor market in which reality is strikingly different.
	Thanksgiving gender roles aren't as stuffy as stereotypes suggest, survey finds A survey of almost 600 people by three Penn State Abington students found that there was little difference between reported levels of involvement of women or men in tasks associated with preparing for and hosting Thanksgiving. But both men and women responded that planning for the holiday was a source of family tension.
	How workplaces can create more inclusive environments for employees with deafness and hearing loss Hearing loss is a critical diversity, equity and inclusion issue for managers and employers. Persons with hearing loss are a growing population around the world. According to the World Health Organization, over five percent of the world's population—or 430 million people—have disabling hearing loss. This number is expected to rise to over 700 million by 2050.
	'One-chance' in Lagos: How criminal gangs rob city commuters "One-chance" is the name Nigerians use for a form of robbery that takes place in both public and private vehicles when people accept the offer of a ride. It is an organized crime, perpetrated by people who work together, using a strategy of hailing passengers into their waiting vehicle. They capitalize on the transport needs of passengers, especially during rush hours in the morning and the evenings. In Lagos, an estimated 8 million commuters and 5 million vehicles use the roads and bridges connecting the mainland and island.
	Examining late medieval to early modern stone engravings created by prisoners in a castle dungeon Castles served to enforce law and order during the Middle Ages and the early modern era. Often, they had facilities to hold people captive. The Questenburg near Sangerhausen (Mansfeld-Südharz district) was probably built in the middle of the 13th century. In the basement of its tower, someone has immortalized themselves with numerous stone engravings.
	Research investigating links between pubs and crime rates offers insights into better policing Research led by a Northumbria academic exploring the relationship between the presence of pubs and crime rates across England and Wales has been published in the journal European Planning Studies.
	Researcher investigates fraud deterrence in under-examined markets Asper School of Business assistant professor of finance Jianning Huang has published a paper in Review of Accounting Studies, co-authored with Richard A. Cazier and Fuzhao Zhou, that examines how regulation affects the prevalence of fraud in over-the-counter (OTC) stock markets.
	Early career Latinas in STEM continue to face challenges in academia In 2022, Latinos, as a group, comprised more than 19% of the U.S. population or nearly 64 million individuals. People of Mexican ancestry make up almost 12% of the US population and 62.3% of Latinos. Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Central American Ancestry (MPRCA) individuals represent 4 of 5 of US Latinos but continue to be underrepresented across the board in every job profession in the United States, including STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. The disparity is even greater for Latinas in academia.
	New study shows how authors' personal circumstances influence the depiction of nature in their works Novels and poems often contain descriptions of plants or animals—sometimes more, sometimes less detailed. The extent to which flora and fauna feature in a literary work also depends on who wrote it and under what circumstances.
	Self-deception may seed 'hubris balancing': Study examines irrational actions leading to invasion of Ukraine A new study suggests that self-deception is the key to understanding irrational actions of national leaders in war, as exemplified by Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine.
	Workplace 'slavery' still embedded in supply chain, researcher says A dozen years ago, the Foxconn City industrial park in China became infamous for a rash of worker suicides. Foxconn (a manufacturer of iPhones, among other notable products) initially responded by installing safety netting around the facility so that employees were unable to hurl themselves from windows to their deaths effectively.
	Migrant couples have better relationships when they can balance old and new cultures, says study Migrant couples who can effectively balance the culture of their homeland while adapting to the dominant culture of their new home are more likely to have a better relationship, according to newly published research from psychologists at Binghamton University, State University of New York.
	Young Australians call for immediate action on housing stability, employment opportunities, climate change Research finds young Australians are calling for immediate action on housing stability, employment opportunities and climate change.
	Poll finds British public largely supports strong climate policies The UK's Tory government is rolling back climate legislation and is continuing to fund the expansion of domestic oil and gas reserves. Our new research suggests this might be based on a misreading of public opinion.
	Research investigates escalating jail mortality rates The family of Samuel Lawrence, one of 10 people to die in Georgia's Fulton County Jail in 2023, is fighting for answers and accountability.
	Literature provides valuable insight into the meanings of mobility and place Cultural products, including works of literature, are not detached from reality; instead, they construct and challenge our understanding of the world. Literary texts show the complexity of reality, reflect on the power structures of the surrounding society and reveal the weight of history in the present.

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