Science X Newsletter Tue, Nov 7

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 7, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Deforestation across the 'Maritime Continent' is making El Niño-Southern Oscillation more unpredictable, finds study
Research team devises an implantable wireless cardiac pacemaker
Globular cluster NGC 6284 inspected by astronomers
Research team proposes novel AI-enabled gastrointestinal diagnostic system inspired by rat whiskers
Designing a space bioprocessing system to produce recombinant proteins
An energy efficient transmitter based on a CMOS chip and silicon photonics
Tool detects AI-generated text in science journals
French love letters confiscated by Britain finally read after 265 years
Previous genetic association studies involving people with European ancestry may be inaccurate
'Biodiversity time machine' provides insights into a century of loss
Body changes detected up to eight years before inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis
Obesity linked to neurodegeneration through insulin resistance
Teaching AI systems to use intuition to find new medicines
Case study of a teenage boy who swallowed 21 disc magnets
Africa's dangerous air pollution levels are a global problem, says new research

Nanotechnology news

	Combined treatment using lipid nanoparticles shows promise against antibiotic resistant bacteria A large Australian team led by Monash University has devised a new approach to killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria using lipid nanoparticles that target specific layers on the surface of the bacterial cell.
	Researchers develop metal-enhanced fluorescence probes for influenza A virus detection Recurring influenza epidemics, such as the one during World War I, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in the 2010s, and the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years have made it evident that contagious viral respiratory diseases often make an appearance in the timeline of human history.
	Gate induced room-temperature magnetic phase transition realized in van der Waals ferromagnet nanoflakes By intercalating protons into van der Waals ferromagnet Cr1.2Te2 nanoflakes, a group of researchers successfully induced a room-temperature magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism.
	Researchers propose an organic-solvent-free method for producing nanosized vaterite Vaterite is one of the three forms of calcium carbonate, along with calcite and aragonite. Nanosized vaterite is valuable for various applications, such as drug delivery, cosmetics, and bone defect filling, owing to its biocompatibility, high porosity, solubility, and large specific surface area.

Physics news

	Widely accepted Weyl semimetal shown to be a magnetic semiconductor Weyl semimetals are highly sought after by material scientists. First predicted in the early 2010s, they belong to the class of topological materials that owe their unique transport, optical and thermoelectric behavior to distinct geometric and topological features, rather than to their chemical composition. What sets Weyl semimetals apart is that their electrons behave as if they are massless due to the presence of nodes in the electronic band structure, leading to unusual and interesting properties.
	'Hot' new form of microscopy examines materials using evanescent waves Microscopes usually use backscattered radiation to create images, but a research group from the Institute of Industrial Science at the University of Tokyo is developing a new method to study materials using the faint light they emit, generated by heat
	3D printing precisely: Low-cost error compensation for fabrication of high-precision microstructures In today's fast-paced technological landscape, the proverb "the bigger the better" was turned upside down and a race to make everything smaller has started. From miniature optical components to micro-scale medical devices, the quest for creating ever smaller yet more intricate structures has led to remarkable progress in a wide range of fields.
	An optical and electrically driven single-molecule Raman switch The role of molecular junctions in nanoelectronics is most often associated with electronic transport; however, their precise characterization hinders their widespread development. Recently, most research has focused on investigating molecular junctions based on electronic characterization.

Earth news

	Deforestation across the 'Maritime Continent' is making El Niño-Southern Oscillation more unpredictable, finds study El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate phenomenon occurring every 2–7 years in the tropical Pacific Ocean, associated with changes in air pressure east to west.
	Africa's dangerous air pollution levels are a global problem, says new research A new report in Nature Geoscience has brought to light the challenge of air pollution levels in Africa and why international action is needed to combat it.
	Study shows historical volcanic eruptions triggered short-term global cooling New international research led by the University of St Andrews reveals historical high latitude volcanic eruptions caused dramatic, but short-lived climate cooling.
	How looking beyond our borders would improve preparedness for extreme floods Almost all extreme flooding across Europe could be anticipated by looking at previous major events in other similar parts of the continent, according to a new study.
	Researchers test lake water in Halifax for viruses to demonstrate enhanced detection device When Emalie Hayes and her colleagues began exploring ways to test wastewater for the COVID-19 virus, little did she know that the simple, inexpensive device she developed would end up being used around the world to identify the presence of the pathogen in water systems.
	How global warming shakes the Earth: Seismic data show ocean waves gaining strength as the planet warms As oceans waves rise and fall, they apply forces to the sea floor below and generate seismic waves. These seismic waves are so powerful and widespread that they show up as a steady thrum on seismographs, the same instruments used to monitor and study earthquakes.
	New date evidence for landslides reveals past Seattle fault earthquakes New maps of more than 1,000 deep-seated landslides in the Puget Lowlands of Washington State provide evidence of the last major earthquake along the Seattle Fault about 1,100 years ago—and may also hold traces of older earthquakes along the fault.
	Data show Greenland's ice shelves have lost more than a third of their volume since 1978 The largest floating ice shelves in the polar ice sheet have lost more than a third of their volume since 1978. In a study published on Nov. 7 in Nature Communications, scientists from the CNRS, alongside their Danish and American colleagues, have established that most of this thinning is due to the rise in surrounding ocean temperatures, which causes the glaciers' floating extensions to melt.
	Gently down the stream: Carbon's journey from land to sea and beyond Rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs occupy just 1% of Earth's surface, but they provide a route for large amounts of terrestrial carbon to reach the ocean. Along the journey, carbon dioxide is also released into the atmosphere in a process known as evasion. But much about the land-to-ocean carbon cycle is not yet understood.
	Sustainable urban development: How do Finnish cities compare? A University of Helsinki study published in npj Urban Sustainability explores the development of various sustainability indicators in Finnish cities from 2000 to 2018.
	Planet Earth III: How cookie cutter nature programming could fail to educate, inform audiences Perhaps nothing embodies the BBC's values of inform, educate and entertain more than its nature documentaries. Planet Earth III is the latest in a proud tradition going back to the founding of the BBC Natural History Unit in 1957 and has everything devoted fans (myself included) expect.
	Collaborative landscape design approach may improve resiliency, human well-being A newly proposed landscape stewardship framework may lead to a more resilient and adaptable environment and improved quality of life for people. Called regenerative landscape design (RLD), the approach was recently developed by a multi-institution collaboration led by Penn State researchers to enhance sustainability and better address complex and interconnected environmental and social challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss and social inequality.
	A new kind of trade deal could help protect the world's tropical forests Historically, trade liberalization has been bad news for the world's tropical forests. As wealthy nations' appetite for imported agricultural goods like beef and soy has exploded, deforestation in countries such as Brazil has surged.
	Cultivation of grass significantly reduces nitrogen leaching from cultivated peatlands: Study Perennial grass cover significantly reduces nitrogen leaching from cultivated peatlands, according to a recent study published in Science of The Total Environment. In measurements of Ruukki NorPeat field, the least amount of nitrogen was leached from field blocks covered with grass and thin peat layer. The largest nitrogen leaching came from plots with thicker peat without plant cover or with barley in the spring and during the mild winter. Phosphorus and organic carbon leaching increased as peat thickness increased.
	Governments should stop converting land use, says UN scientist Governments need to stop allowing land to be converted in the face of rising global consumption, a leading UN scientist has warned, as data shows the world is off track to meet land degradation targets.
	How machine learning can support data assimilation for Earth system models Data assimilation is the combination of the latest observations with a short-range forecast to obtain the best possible estimate of the current state of the Earth system. Machine learning can contribute to it by optimizing the use of satellite observations.
	Evaluating dual hydration of the oceanic lithosphere A new study led by Dr. Jian Lin (Southern University of Science and Technology) and Dr. Fan Zhang (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) reexamines how the ocean's lithosphere operates.
	Volcanic eruption: Scientists perform volcanic scenarios to develop response plan What would happen if a volcano were to erupt tomorrow in New Mexico? How prepared as we as a society for an event like this to occur? When volcanic unrest occurs, both academic and government agencies need to have advanced fundamental understanding of the volcanic system with coordination before, during and after the event. This necessity has prompted the development of a response plan.
	Corporations fall short on implementing green agendas: report Corporations are increasingly committed to green agendas, but a new report on Tuesday reveals that only one in 20 of over a thousand publicly listed companies have a detailed strategy for how they will reach their greenhouse gas targets.
	Masks are back, construction banned and schools shut as toxic air engulfs New Delhi A toxic blanket of grey smog hangs over New Delhi's monuments and high-rises. Schools have been ordered shut and construction banned. People are back to wearing masks.
	After October festivities, Illinoisans smash thousands of pumpkins to divert them from landfills, cut methane As people rush to get rid of their jack-o'-lanterns in favor of Thanksgiving decorations, thousands of ornamental pumpkins will likely end up in landfills.
	'Exceptional' floods hit northern France: authorities Flooding has hit dozens of towns in northern France, leaving roads sometimes only passable in boats and dozens of schools closed, authorities said Tuesday.
	Top consultancy undermining climate change fight: whistleblowers The world's top management consultancy McKinsey & Company is using its position as a key advisor to the UN's COP28 climate talks to push the interests of its big oil and gas clients, undermining efforts to end the use of the fossil fuels driving global warming, according to multiple sources and leaked documents.

Astronomy and Space news

	Globular cluster NGC 6284 inspected by astronomers Italian astronomers have used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to perform high-resolution optical observations of a poorly studied globular cluster known as NGC 6284. Results of the observational campaign, published October 26 on the pre-print server arXiv, shed more light on the properties and nature of this cluster.
	Designing a space bioprocessing system to produce recombinant proteins Biomanufacturing based in space can improve the sustainability of deep space exploration. Bioprocessing systems to advance biomanufacturing for space applications need to be developed. In a new report now published in npj Microgravity, Mathangi Soundararajan and a team of scientists in bioengineering and space biosciences at the NASA Ames Research Center, California, have developed commercial technologies to design space bioprocessing systems that supply a liquid amine carbon dioxide scrubber with recombinant active carbonic anhydrase. The design workflows encompassed a biomass of 1 L of Escherichia coli cultures using recombinant protein purification.
	Studies of geologic faulting on icy moons aid exploration of extraterrestrial watery worlds On the surface of many of the icy moons in our solar system, scientists have documented strike-slip faults, those that occur when fault walls move past one another sideways, as is the case at the San Andreas fault in California. Two recently published studies led by University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Earth and space scientists document and reveal the mechanisms behind these geologic features on the largest moon of Saturn, Titan, and Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede.
	Euclid mission releases its first images The Euclid mission, which will investigate the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy, released its first five science images Tuesday, Nov. 7. The observatory, led by ESA (European Space Agency) with NASA contributions, is scheduled to begin regular science operations in early 2024.
	A new trail to exoplanets: Team successfully detects ammonia isotopologues in atmosphere of cold brown dwarf They reveal the origin of wine, the age of bones and fossils, and they serve as diagnostic tools in medicine. Isotopes and isotopologues—molecules that differ only in the composition of their isotopes—also play an increasingly important role in astronomy. For example, the ratio of carbon-12 (12C) to carbon-13 (13C) isotopes in the atmosphere of an exoplanet allows scientists to infer the distance at which the exoplanet orbits its central star.
	As first Vulcan flight nears, new space plane Dream Chaser preps for launch No. 2 The Sierra Space Dream Chaser looks like a mini space shuttle, and it's gearing up for its first trip to space atop United Launch Alliance's new Vulcan Centaur rocket in 2024.
	Glimpses of the 'galactic zoo': The five new Euclid images The first images from Europe's Euclid space telescope released Tuesday range from a well-known nebula to never-before-seen galaxies 10 billion light years away, illustrating its wide-lens view of the universe.
	This is a first: An exoplanet in a polar circumbinary disk surrounding two stars We live in an age of exoplanet discovery. One thing we've learned is not to be surprised by the kinds of exoplanets we keep discovering. We've discovered planets where it might rain glass or even iron, planets that are the rocky core remnants of gas giants stripped of their atmospheres, and drifting rogue planets untethered to any star.
	JWST detects carbon dioxide in a centaur for the first time A study published Nov. 6 in The Planetary Science Journal examines how NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has conducted a first-time detection of carbon dioxide in a centaur, this one designated 39P/Oterma. A centaur is a small planetary body that orbits between Jupiter and Neptune and frequently crosses the orbits of one or more of the gas giant planets within our solar system.
	Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope could finally tell us if primordial black holes exist When the universe erupted into existence with the Big Bang, all of its matter was compressed into a tiny area. Cosmologists theorize that in some regions, subatomic matter may have been so tightly packed that matter collapsed into primordial black holes. If these primordial black holes exist, they're small, and they could be hiding among the population of free-floating planets.
	Supermassive black holes shut down star formation during cosmic noon, says astronomer Since it became operational almost two years ago, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has produced countless breathtaking images of the universe and enabled fresh insights into how it evolved.
	Detecting gravitational waves with an interferometric seismometer array on the lunar near side A team lead by Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, recently proposed a promising plan to detect gravitational waves (GWs) by putting seismometers on the moon's surface. Their research is published in the journal Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy.

Technology news

	An energy efficient transmitter based on a CMOS chip and silicon photonics The widespread use of electronic devices to interact with others and access the internet has increased the need for highly performing communication technologies that can transmit data faster and more efficiently. Increasing the data transmission rate of devices without adversely impacting their energy efficiency, however, is a challenging task.
	Tool detects AI-generated text in science journals In an era of heightened concern in academia regarding AI-generated essays, there is reassuring news from the University of Kansas.
	Battery materials: What is the battery of the future made of? The Empa research group led by Maksym Kovalenko is researching innovative materials for the batteries of tomorrow. Whether it's fast-charging electric cars or low-cost stationary storage, there's a promising material or a novel manufacturing process for every application.
	Scientists develop new method for electronic-to-multi-ionic signal transmission In biological systems, complex neuronal networks with highly polarized synaptic gating interfaces are responsible for processing and transmitting intricate biosignals.
	Study shows languages with more speakers tend to be harder for machines to learn Just a few months ago, many people would have found it unimaginable how well artificial intelligence-based "language models" could imitate human speech. What ChatGPT writes is often indistinguishable from human-generated text.
	Humans vs. robots: Study compares 27 humanoid robots with humans to see who is superior Science fiction films portray the idea relatively simply: the terminator—who either tries to destroy or rescue humanity—is such a perfect humanoid robot that in most cases it is superior to humans. But how well do humanoid robots perform nowadays away from the cinema screen?
	Machine learning gives users 'superhuman' ability to open and control tools in virtual reality Researchers have developed a virtual reality application where a range of 3D modeling tools can be opened and controlled using just the movement of a user's hand.
	OpenAI sees a future of AI 'superpowers on demand' ChatGPT maker OpenAI on Monday moved to entice developers with lower prices and the ability to easily tailor artificial intelligence "agents" to help with anything from laundry advice to contract negotiations.
	With electric vehicle sales growth slowing, Stellantis Ram brand has an answer: An onboard charger One of the biggest reasons people cite when saying they won't buy an electric vehicle is range anxiety, the fear of running out of juice on the road with nowhere to recharge.
	Japan's Nintendo profits jump as its game sales get a boost from the hit Super Mario movie Nintendo reported an 18% rise in net profit for its first fiscal half on Tuesday, as sales continued to get a boost from its hit Super Mario movie, and the popularity of its software for various new video games.
	Why surging sales of large electric vehicles raises environmental red flags Electric cars are getting bigger and heavier. In 2019, 30% of the electric vehicle (EV) models available worldwide were sports utility vehicles (SUVs).
	New possibilities of 2PP 3D-printing for complex microstructures In a series of studies, scientists from the NeptunLab at the University of Freiburg (Germany) have pushed the potential of 2-photon polymerization 3D-printing (2PP 3D-printing) beyond existing limits. Having demonstrated their ability to print complex platinum 3D microstructures with an astonishing sub-micron resolution in 2021, this year the team succeeded in producing similar structures made of tungsten as well as embedded microfluidic chips with single μm resolution at unprecedented speed.
	Researchers are creating science-backed tools to improve social media content moderation policies Flagging, demotion, and deletion of content; temporary or permanent suspension of users—these are some of the interventions used to keep social media platforms safe, trustworthy, and free from harmful content. But what is the best way for these interventions to be implemented? Luca Luceri, a research scientist at USC's Information Sciences Institute (ISI), is part of a team that is using science to guide social media regulations.
	A Meta engineer saw his own child face harassment on Instagram. Now, he's testifying before Congress On the same day whistleblower Frances Haugen was testifying before Congress about the harms of Facebook and Instagram to children in the fall of 2021, a former engineering director at the social media giant who had rejoined the company as a consultant sent an alarming email to Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg about the same topic.
	Novel molecular bridge strategy boosts efficiency of perovskite solar cells Recently, a research team by Professor Pan Xu from Institute of Solid-State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) proposed a novel strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. Their strategy involves the creation of a robust connection between different layers of the solar cell using a molecular bridge made of ammonium cations.
	'Crowding out' the competition: Study reveals surprising livestream chatting and tipping behavior Over the past decade, social media giants including X (formerly known as Twitter), Facebook, YouTube, Amazon and Twitch have begun offering livestreaming services, allowing users to interact with each other in real time on their computers and mobile phones.
	Tech giants pool efforts to fight online child sex abuse Big tech companies, including Facebook-owner Meta and Google, said Tuesday they would team up in a new program to fight online child sexual abuse or exploitation.
	Fake Bollywood video highlights AI worries in India A fake video of a Bollywood actor purporting to show her wearing a low-cut top has triggered calls for AI regulation in India, where past false social media posts have stoked sectarian divisions.
	Former Meta engineer testifies before Congress on Instagram's harms to teens On the same day whistleblower Frances Haugen was testifying before Congress about the harms of Facebook and Instagram to children in the fall of 2021, Arturo Béjar, then a contractor at the social media giant, sent an alarming email to Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg about the same topic.
	Chinese tech mogul not seen in weeks after official probe: reports The boss of a leading Chinese livestreaming platform has not been seen in public for weeks, state-run media outlets reported, after an investigation into illegal content on his site.
	New open-access book on 5G, 6G and future digital services released In a rapidly digitizing world, staying ahead of the curve requires a deep understanding of the evolving mobile communications landscape. A new open-access book titled "The Changing World of Mobile Communications: 5G, 6G and the Future of Digital Services" has been released to shed light on this transformation.

A combined team of biomedical researchers from Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research and Microsoft Research AI4Science has made inroads into teaching AI systems how to find new medicines. In their study, reported in the journal Nature Communications, the group used feedback from chemists in the field to provide intuition guidelines for an AI model.

How lab-made catalysts can help convert difficult greenhouse gases

Natural gas consists of light hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. Such gases are more potent greenhouse gases than CO2, are constantly released into the atmosphere from natural gas wells, and are more difficult to store than, for example, their corresponding alcohols (methanol and ethanol, respectively).

Research improves formable cellulose-based food packaging to replace single-use plastic

In a pilot-scale study to find alternative raw materials for rigid plastic packages, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland has obtained unprecedented maximum limits of its highly extensible formable cellulose-based webs used for rigid packaging applications. The results enable the manufacturing of a wide range of sustainable 3D packaging solutions that were previously unattainable.

Biology news

	'Biodiversity time machine' provides insights into a century of loss Scientists have run the first proof of concept of their DNA 'time machine' to shed light on a century of environmental change in a freshwater lake—including warming temperatures and pollution, leading to the potentially irreversible loss of biodiversity.
	Research shows that photorespiration does not protect against fluctuating light conditions Photosynthesis is one of the most important metabolic processes in nature: It is critical for plant growth and thus for the production of plant-based foods. In close cooperation with the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), a German-American research team headed by Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) has now investigated whether a specific metabolic pathway in photosynthesis that competes with carbon fixation has a protective function for plants.
	Plant biologists shed light on 144-year-old seedy mystery In April 2021, four Michigan State University plant scientists met at an undisclosed area on campus to dig up a bottle containing seeds buried more than 144 years ago by MSU botanist William J. Beal.
	CT scan reveals 'neglected' dinosaur had super senses A CT scan of an often-overlooked, plant-eating dinosaur's skull reveals that while it may not have been all that "brainy," it had a unique combination of traits associated with living animals that spend at least part of their time underground, including a super sense of smell and outstanding balance. The work is the first to link a specific sensory fingerprint with this behavior in extinct dinosaurs.
	The cell's 'read–write' mechanism: Researchers uncover how instructions for gene expression are relayed The "read–write" mechanism by which cells replicate and use chemical instructions for expressing genes has been uncovered by RIKEN researchers. The quality and quantity of gene expression correlates not only with instructions by transcription factors but also with chemical modifications to the various histone proteins, which provide a scaffold for DNA in the chromosomes.
	Researchers discover new method to inhibit cholera infection Recent research investigates a novel strategy for inhibiting the spread and infection of Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria responsible for the disease, cholera.
	New study sheds light on why some animals dive to the dark, deep sea If you've ever witnessed a shark breach the water—whether in person or somewhere on the Internet—that fleeting but awe-inspiring moment is just a small fraction of the time it spends at the surface of the ocean. Most of the time sharks and other large marine predators are out of sight, begging the question—where do they go?
	Local adaptation may buffer some birds against climate change North American song sparrows may be more resilient to climate change thanks to a remarkable adaptation: a stunning range of body sizes found throughout the bird's westernmost range.
	Fungal hybrids study finds climate crisis could trigger outbreak of new and lethal infectious diseases The climate emergency poses a major threat to human health. Rising temperatures and changes in ecosystem conditions, coupled with globalization and human action, such as the extensive use of fungicides and antibiotics in agriculture, can favor the emergence and spread of new species of hitherto underestimated potentially virulent pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi.
	New microfossils suggest earlier rise in complex life Microfossils from Western Australia may capture a jump in the complexity of life that coincided with the rise of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere and oceans, according to an international team of scientists.
	Study shows animals like crickets use the ground to amplify calls When animals "sing" sitting on the ground—such as when crickets chirp—their volume and reach increase dramatically, by as much as ten-fold. This result from a study by Western researchers, published today in the journal PNAS, contradicts long-held beliefs in the field of animal communication, which presume the ground is a hindrance to sound transmission.
	Chinese scientists unravel cGNAT2 role in cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of gram-negative bacteria that conduct plant-like oxygenic photosynthesis and are thought to be the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts in higher plants. Lysine acetylation is an important regulatory posttranslational modification that controls photosynthesis and metabolic processes in cyanobacteria and plants.
	Warmer, wetter winters bring risks to river insects Research by Cardiff University has shown that the warmer, wetter winters in the U.K. caused by climate change are likely to impact the stability of insect populations in streams.
	Scientists develop open archive of plant images and related phenotypic traits Plant images contain a wealth of information that reflects key phenotypic characteristics such as color, shape, growth, and health status of plants. High-throughput plant phenotypic collection technology has been widely applied in plant phenomics, generating numerous images and image-based traits (i-traits) data. These data serve as important resources for various agricultural applications, including germplasm screening, plant pests and disease identification, and agronomic traits mining.
	UN report reveals trillions in hidden costs of agrifood systems Hidden environmental, social and health costs of agrifood systems were as much as $12 trillion globally in 2020, according to new research from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), based on analysis by Oxford's Dr. Steven Lord.
	Study finds that colostrum is key to saving beef calves from trouble In a pair of recent studies, researchers examined risk factors that contribute to insufficient antibody transfer to newborn beef calves, as well as the subsequent negative health effects. They found that the mother's parity (in "heifers" or first-time cow moms vs. older cows) and the need for colostrum intervention were the risk factors most likely to result in insufficient antibody protection. Further, they found that calves with low or failed antibody transfer that do survive have increased medical treatment needs, higher mortality rates and lower body weights.
	New database unifies the information on damage to European forests over the last 60 years The University of Córdoba is participating in the creation of the first database that harmonizes the recording of disturbances caused by insects and diseases in forests in eight European countries by combining remote sensing, satellite images and field data
	Study shows what kind of salt we use on the roads in winter can make a difference for plants Increased salinity in soils is a global problem caused, for example, by ions leaching into soils from ice-melting salts used on roads in winter or from seawater seepage in coastal areas.
	Education is key to curbing antimicrobial resistance in cats, study says Better education for cat owners, more communication from veterinarians, increased drug choices and cheaper, rapid diagnostic tools can help improve antimicrobial use in cats, which has important implications for rising antimicrobial resistance in animals and humans, according to two new papers by Cornell researchers.
	How a moth's taste preferences change with age The larvae and adult forms of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) adopt different sugar-sensing systems to satisfy their requirements for food selection, according to new research.

Medicine and Health news

	Research team devises an implantable wireless cardiac pacemaker Cardiac pacemakers are battery-dependent, where the pacing leads are prone to introduce valve damage and infection. In addition, complete pacemaker retrieval is necessary for battery replacement. Despite the presence of a wireless bioelectronics device to pace the epicardium, surgeons still need to implant the device via thoracotomy, an invasive surgical procedure in health care that necessitates wound healing.
	Research team proposes novel AI-enabled gastrointestinal diagnostic system inspired by rat whiskers Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, whose symptoms can be varied and painful, may lead to serious health problems, and present a formidable health challenge throughout the world. For these diseases, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for treatment success and mortality risk reduction.
	Previous genetic association studies involving people with European ancestry may be inaccurate Researchers have found that previous studies analyzing the genomes of people with European ancestry may have reported inaccurate results by not fully accounting for population structure. By considering mixed genetic lineages, researchers at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health, demonstrated that previously inferred links between a genomic variant that helps digest lactose and traits such as a person's height and cholesterol level may not be valid.
	Body changes detected up to eight years before inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and Aalborg University in Copenhagen have shown that changes can be detected in blood tests up to eight years before a diagnosis of Crohn's disease and up to three years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis.
	Obesity linked to neurodegeneration through insulin resistance Researchers led by Mroj Alassaf at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in the United States have discovered a link between obesity and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.
	Case study of a teenage boy who swallowed 21 disc magnets Doctors at Guthrie Healthcare System, in Sayre, Pennsylvania, have documented a case of a teenage boy who swallowed 21 disc magnets. In their paper published in BMJ Case Reports, the medical team describes how they found the magnets, removed them, and cared for the boy afterward.
	Hundreds of clinics may be guilty of false or misleading claims in ketamine advertising Hundreds of clinics may be using false and misleading statements in online advertising campaigns by offering off-label and unapproved ketamine to treat a variety of mental health and pain conditions, according to researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Johns Hopkins University.
	Common cat-borne parasite is positively associated with frailty in older adults A common, cat-borne parasite already associated with risk-taking behavior and mental illness in humans may also contribute to exhaustion, loss of muscle mass, and other signs of "frailty" in older adults, suggests a study published Nov. 6 in the Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences.
	Study demonstrates fibroblasts participate in the formation of vascular malformations—a potential new target for therapy A study by researchers and clinicians at the University of Eastern Finland and Helsinki University Hospital provides novel insight into the previously unknown effects of fibroblasts in regulating blood vessel formation in vascular malformations. In the study, the researchers demonstrated that fibroblasts participated in the formation of venous malformations. Drug therapy with afatinib, an ErbB inhibitor, resulted in reduced lesion volume. The findings could be used in developing treatments for vascular malformations with a fibrous component.
	When nutrition becomes a treatment: Study investigates ketogenic dietary interventions in polycystic kidney disease A clinical study on special diets at the University of Cologne shows promising results on the use of a ketogenic diet as a possible treatment for hereditary polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This disease causes about 10% of all cases of kidney failure and is the most common hereditary kidney disease worldwide.
	Clinical trial identifies promising target for liver disease treatments An international clinical trial involving Birmingham Professor Phil Newsome identified a promising target for patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as reported in a paper published yesterday (Nov. 6) in Nature Communications. The research team demonstrated that an oral inhibitor of amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3)—a protein involved in liver inflammation that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer—successfully suppressed this protein and reduced liver injury.
	Testing the ways environment can impact the way food or drinks taste A team of industrial designers and architects and a psychologist at the University of Campania, in Italy, has tested some of the ways that the immediate environment can impact the taste of food or drinks. The group gave a conference presentation outlining their preliminary results last year at the 24th International Congress on Acoustics. They have since published their paper in the journal Food Quality and Preference. In their study, the group asked volunteers in different environmental settings to taste low-sugar orange juice.
	First global review highlights substantial lack of commitment to addressing gambling harm Globally, governments are still not doing enough to address the health and well-being harm from gambling, according to a world first review led by the University of Glasgow.
	Researchers discover unique differences in cancer cells based on where they are in a tumor UCalgary researchers have discovered unique differences in cancer cells based on where they are in a tumor. The findings indicate the cells at the edge of a tumor may hold the key to guide treatment.
	Connectivity scans could serve as brain 'blueprints' for adolescents, researchers find Researchers with the Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDs) Center at Georgia State have identified important new methods for accurately identifying possible biomarkers in adolescent brains that can reliably predict cognitive developments and psychiatric issues.
	Communities of color suffer disproportionately higher pollution-related deaths, finds nitrogen dioxide exposure study In the United States, premature death associated with exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution—a toxic gas emitted primarily by burning fossil fuels in cars, trucks and power plants—is more likely to impact people of color compared to the white population, a new Northwestern University study has found.
	Not all overdose-related cardiac arrests are the same, says study The incidence of overdose-related cardiac arrests more than doubled in King County, Washington, from 2015 to 2021, with the biggest increase among people who had consumed opioids combined with stimulants, according to a new study. That drug profile was also the most lethal among four profiles evaluated.
	Inhaled monoclonal antibodies found to be protective against COVID-19, show promise for at-home aerosolized therapy Another at-home treatment option for the flu and other respiratory illnesses is closer to becoming a reality, thanks to new research that found inhaled, monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 significantly reduced COVID-19 disease in nonhuman primates.
	Contraceptive pills might impair fear-regulating regions in women's brains More than 150 million women worldwide use oral contraceptives (OCs). Combined OCs (COCs), made up of synthetic hormones, are the most common type. Sex hormones are known to modulate the brain network involved in fear processes.
	Risk of dying in hospital from respiratory causes is higher in the summer than in the winter, study finds Global warming caused by climate change could exacerbate the burden of inpatient mortality from respiratory diseases during the warm season. This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) and published in The Lancet Regional Health—Europe. The results could help health facilities adapt to climate change.
	The potential of 3D human breast organoid models in advancing lactation research The 3D human breast organoid model represents state-of-the-art technology that "floats" patient-derived or stem cell-derived human breast tissue in a gel-like substance known as the matrix. The model improves the reproduction of native human breast tissue in a laboratory setting and allows researchers to study the cellular and molecular character of human breast tissue at various stages of development.
	Study validates AI diagnostic for colorectal cancer biomarker In a study published today in Nature Communications, a team of scientists from French-American techbio Owkin and pathology labs in France present a blind validation of MSIntuit CRC, a first-in-class AI-driven digital pathology diagnostic developed by Owkin, as a pre-screening tool aimed at optimizing the precision of diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.
	Korean Air says 'strictly manages' radiation exposure after crew death ruling Korean Air said Tuesday it "strictly manages" cosmic radiation exposure for its flight crew, after a landmark decision ruled an air steward's cancer death was akin to an industrial accident.
	Researchers are studying how to prevent breast cancer recurrence, which is often fatal Just as she hoped to start a family, Denise Murray was diagnosed with an aggressive form of breast cancer. Thirty years old and newly married, she felt it was too risky to consider pregnancy if she might not live to raise her children.
	Poetry can help people cope with loneliness or isolation, shows research Reading, writing and sharing poetry can help people cope with loneliness or isolation and reduce feelings of anxiety and depression, a new study shows.
	Study could potentially lead to new combination treatments for early-stage lung cancers One of the hallmarks of cancer cell development is its dependence on sugar, especially glucose, to grow and divide. Scientists have long been studying how to restrict or block this process that promotes tumor growth, called glycolysis, from happening as a possible effective strategy against cancer.
	International study shows lung cancer screening dramatically increases long-term survival rate Diagnosing early-stage lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening drastically improves its cure rate measured over a 20-year period, according to a large-scale international study by Mount Sinai researchers published in Radiology.
	Online shopping for tobacco products rises with California flavor restrictions Online shopping for cigarettes and vaping products increased significantly in the weeks following the implementation of SB-793, a 2022 California law prohibiting the sale of flavored tobacco products.
	Narcissism, immorality and lack of empathy: The dark psychology that can poison elites Sexism, harassment and bullying plague the Red Arrows, the UK Royal Air Force's display team. This revelation was the outcome of investigations into complaints of bad behavior in this elite organization. Air Chief Marshal Sir Rich Knighton said that "behavior that would be classed as unacceptable was widespread and normalized on the squadron."
	What's your chronotype? Knowing whether you're a night owl or an early bird could help performance Timing is everything. For early risers and late-nighters alike, listening to your internal clock may be the key to success. From the classroom to the courtroom and beyond, people perform best on challenging tasks at a time of day that aligns with their circadian rhythm.
	One in eight military families with children use a food bank to make ends meet, finds study Approximately 1 in 8 military families with at least one child reported using a food bank, pantries or other charitable food distribution resources in the past year, according to new research from the University of Georgia. Published in Public Health Nutrition, the study relied on data from the National Military Family Association, a nonprofit advocacy group dedicated to improving the lives of U.S. military families.
	Free weekly produce delivery found to improve blood sugar, food security in low-income adults In the first randomized clinical trial of its kind, a six-month produce prescription program significantly improved blood sugar control, food security and nutrition security among low-income adults enrolled in Medicaid with type 2 diabetes, according to a preliminary study presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2023, held Nov. 11–13, in Philadelphia.
	Digital health ethics for precision medicine in palliative care A new article in OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology examines the ethical, equity, and societal/relational implications of digital health technologies for precision medicine in end-of-life care.
	Q&A: AI, medicine and race—why ending 'structural racism' in health care is crucial As artificial intelligence changes the way medicine is practiced, humans become more beholden to algorithms—making it crucial to get those machine-human collaborations correct at the outset.
	For those at high risk, PTSD may be treatable before traumatic events even occur When people experience trauma, medication can help prevent or reduce post-traumatic stress disorder, softening overly strong memories that cause debilitating flashbacks and nightmares. But this treatment works only if the pills are taken promptly after a traumatic experience.
	MYC proteins: A potential target for new anti-cancer agents MYC proteins play an important role in many types of cancer. A research team at the University of Würzburg has now succeeded in indirectly influencing these proteins—with clear consequences for the tumor.
	Novel method unveils cancer origins: DNA methylation profiling reveals primary sites of metastatic cancers In a Nature Communications study, Professor Gu Hongcang and his team from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), introduced an innovative method called BEta value-based LInear support VEctor (BELIVE) for tracing the origin of cancer of unknown primary sites (CUP).
	Drugs aren't required to be tested in people who are obese. Here's why that's a problem More than 40% of American adults are considered obese, yet the medications many take are rarely tested in bigger bodies.
	People with prior illness more likely to report longer symptoms after COVID-19 infection, research finds A study from King's College London, which is published on the pre-print server MedRxiv and has not been peer-reviewed, shows that while two thirds of individuals with post-COVID illness were healthy before infection, individuals with long illness duration were significantly more likely to have similar symptoms one to two months before developing COVID-19.
	Study offers explanation for why only some develop posttraumatic stress disorder A study by researchers at EPFL shows why only a subset of individuals exposed to trauma develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The research, centered on the body's stress hormone response, could pave the way for more targeted treatments for PTSD.
	Can EKGs read by AI save lives? It's possible, researchers say Artificial intelligence may do a better job than humans at spotting high-risk patients using results from a heart test, leading to better care and lower death rates, researchers say.
	Advanced neoplasia risk found to increase at upper range of negative FIT values Individuals in the upper range of fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-negative screening have an increased risk for advanced neoplasia (AN), according to a research letter published online Nov. 7 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Increase expected in approved AI-based medical imaging products The number of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved artificial intelligence (AI) products is expected to increase from 69 in 2022 to 350 in 2035, according to a study published online Oct. 16 in the Journal of the American College of Radiology.
	High remote patient monitoring practices offer improved hypertension care Patients with hypertension at high remote patient monitoring (RPM) practices have improved hypertension care, but also have increased hypertension-related spending, according to a study published online Nov. 7 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Maintenance immunosuppressive drugs tied to severe COVID-19 Maintenance immunosuppressive drugs are associated with an increased risk for COVID-19 hospitalization in solid organ transplant recipients, according to a study published online Nov. 7 in JAMA Network Open.
	Mouse model of gender-affirming testosterone treatment and fertility finds decrease in egg yield but not quality Although transgender and gender diverse young adults demonstrate a high interest in parenting, less than 20% of transgender and nonbinary individuals in the United States are parents.
	Measuring skin water loss found to predict anaphylaxis during food allergy tests Food allergies can quickly turn a casual meal into a life-threatening situation. Anaphylaxis—a severe allergic reaction that may include a skin rash, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, and shock—from a food allergy sends 200,000 people to the emergency room annually in the United States.
	Mammograms show promise as tool for predicting heart disease and stroke in women Routine mammograms are used to check women for breast cancer. But new research suggests they could do more than that: The images may help predict a woman's risk for major cardiovascular problems, such as heart attacks and strokes, when they show the presence of calcium buildup in the arteries of a woman's breast.
	Lung cancer researchers identify specific genetic change that predicts whether patients can respond to targeted therapy Squamous cell lung cancer is a lung cancer subtype that is particularly difficult to treat. A new study now has revealed a novel genetic alteration that occurs in some cases in this type of tumor and that may expose a weakness of the tumor for therapeutic intervention.
	Syphilis cases in US newborns skyrocketed in 2022. Health officials suggest more testing Alarmed by yet another jump in syphilis cases in newborns, U.S. health officials are calling for stepped-up prevention measures, including encouraging millions of women of childbearing age and their partners to get tested for the sexually transmitted disease.
	Guilt not as persuasive if directly tied to personal responsibility, analysis finds Invoking a sense of guilt—a common tool used by advertisers, fundraisers and overbearing parents everywhere—can backfire if it explicitly holds a person responsible for another's suffering, a meta-analysis of studies revealed.
	Early-life exposure to manganese may be beneficial to adolescent cognition Manganese is both an essential nutrient and a toxic chemical, primarily obtained through diet, water, supplements, and environmental elements. But the level at which manganese shifts from beneficial to harmful to the developing brain remains unclear. Children's susceptibility to the neurotoxic effects of manganese may vary based on when they are exposed to this metal in their lifetime.
	Study suggests body mass index isn't obstacle to chest masculinization surgery eligibility Body mass index, or BMI, is a person's mass (weight) in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters. Since it was first developed in the 1970s, BMI has been used to broadly categorize people as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese, and in turn, help assess an individual's current health and predict future outcomes.
	New research suggests a simple, inexpensive option for reducing a major chemotherapy side effect New research in JNCCN—Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network suggests that patients who have insufficient levels of vitamin D before starting paclitaxel treatment are more likely to experience peripheral neuropathy.
	Study sheds light on the brain's remarkable recycling system Researchers at Auburn University have made a discovery that sheds light on how our brain cells manage to efficiently replace older proteins. This process is crucial for maintaining effective neural communication and ensuring optimal cognitive function.
	New compound shows early promise for treatment of Lou Gehrig's disease in preclinical models In science, a simple but thorough observation can kick-start the most surprising findings. Researchers at the MUSC Hollings Cancer Center noticed that mice lacking a protein of interest in cancer research were showing visible signs of abnormal motor functions as they aged, including loss of coordination and strength.
	A vicious cycle: Research examines depression as both cause and consequence of stress Angela Santee studies stress. For several years, the University of Rochester graduate student in psychology had been sifting through research on stress generation and depression, working on a rigorous meta-analysis. Mentored by Lisa Starr, an associate professor in the Rochester Department of Psychology, Santee wondered if existing studies would bear out the stress generation model that had been developed in 1991 by University of California, Los Angeles, psychology professor Constance Hammen—who, in turn, had been Starr's postdoctoral mentor.
	Virtual/augmented reality play set eases kids' and parents' anxieties ahead of MRI scan Giving children a virtual/augmented (mixed) reality play set to use ahead of an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan seems to ease both their and their parents' anxieties about this procedure, suggest preliminary findings published in BMJ Innovations.
	Three-fold rise in babies born at 22 weeks given respiratory life support in England and Wales after guidelines change The number of very premature babies (22 weeks) given respiratory life support (survival-focused care) and/or admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales has increased 3-fold, following changes in 2019 to national guidance, finds research published in BMJ Medicine.
	Annual economic burden of urinary incontinence could reach 87 billion euros in 2030 if no action is taken New international research on the economic burden of urinary incontinence reveals that the cost of continence care will reach an estimated €69.1 billion in 2023. These costs include the impact of incontinence on individuals' health, the costs of medical consultations and products such as continence pads, incontinence-related absenteeism at work, nursing home admissions, and the environmental impact of incontinence care. If no action is taken to support continence health, the economic burden could rise by 25% in 2030, to €86.7 billion. This economic burden becomes considerably higher when including caregiver costs.
	Rheumatology training program for Native American primary care physicians expands reach New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, describes the expansion of a novel program to train primary care physicians (PCPs) in the diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Native American communities that have little or no access to rheumatology care.
	CAR-T cell therapy leads to long-term remission in lupus while maintaining vaccine response New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's annual meeting, demonstrates that CAR-T cell therapy could lead to sustained suppression of autoantibodies in treatment-resistant lupus while maintaining a robust response to vaccines.
	Study finds TNF blockers are not associated with poor pregnancy outcomes According to new research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, continuing tumor necrosis factor inhibitors during pregnancy is not associated with worse fetal or obstetric outcomes and may reduce the risk of severe maternal infections during pregnancy.
	PET scans may predict Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia in at-risk individuals In a small study, researchers at the National Institutes of Health have found that positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the heart may identify people who will go on to develop Parkinson's disease or Lewy body dementia among those at-risk for these diseases.
	Software created from 'building blocks' could incorporate artificial intelligence, supporting medical staff New "building-block" approaches to the creation of digital tools that include data and artificial intelligence could play a key role in improving the running of hospital wards and disease management, according to the findings of new research.
	Diverse task force develops new quality measures to improve lupus care by 2030 Leaders of a project to develop and implement equitable new quality measures for lupus care by the end of the decade will present their work at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting.
	Study finds low anti-Ro titers are not associated with fetal heart block New research from an ongoing study that will be presented at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, shows that pregnant women with very low titers of anti-Ro antibodies are at minimal to no risk of fetal atrioventricular (AV) block, a serious disorder affecting the heart's electrical system.
	Researchers identify incidence and risk factors for new-onset interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, reports the incidence and risk factors for new-onset interstitial lung disease (ILD) in previously ILD-negative systemic sclerosis patients.
	Better physician communication improves health outcomes, say researchers A trio of University of Texas at Arlington researchers focused on patient-centered communications has found that women who felt their health concerns were listened to by their health care providers had more positive outcomes compared to those who did not feel heard.
	Researchers say AI model accurately identifies, predicts joint damage in hand X-rays New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, shows that a deep learning system could accurately identify and predict joint space narrowing and erosions in hand radiographs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
	Study finds acute calcium pyrophosphate deposition arthritis doubles fracture risk Researchers will present the first-ever study of fractures and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting. They report a doubled risk of fractures in patients with acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis compared to those without the disease.
	Study supports use of reduced-dose of direct oral anticoagulants for many older adults with two or more conditions A nationwide study of 21,878 older nursing home residents with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) found a higher rate of bleeding and little difference in the effectiveness of standard versus reduced-dose treatment using direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC).
	Apps for depression: Effective, but with room for improvement A study involving the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) has found that the use of applications for depression can have a significant effect on treating the symptoms of this increasingly prevalent mental illness, especially when used in hybrid treatments, i.e. those that combine technology with the involvement of a professional.
	Food insecurity associated with liver disease in teens Teens from low-income families experiencing food insecurity are developing the most common form of liver disease twice as often as those who have easier access to food, likely because they rely on low-cost, ultra-processed foods, according to a study scheduled for presentation at The Liver Meeting, held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
	Study finds hydroxychloroquine lowers risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, shows that treating rheumatoid arthritis with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduced the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in women and men who are 50 years old and younger.
	States reconsider religious exemptions for vaccinations in child care More than half the children who attend Munchkin Land Daycare near Billings, Montana, have special needs or compromised immune systems. The kids, who range in age from four months to nine years, have conditions that include fetal alcohol syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and Down syndrome, according to owner Sheryl Hutzenbiler.
	Fight against TB back on track after COVID disruptions: WHO Deaths from tuberculosis dipped last year amid a dramatic increase in diagnosis and treatment of the world's second deadliest disease, the World Health Organization said Tuesday.
	Matthew Perry: The power of celebrities speaking publicly about their addiction As the outpouring of tributes from celebrities and fans shows, the actor Matthew Perry and his Friends character, Chandler Bing, meant a huge amount to many people.
	Why term-time holidays can be a lifeline for children and young people with attachment needs The holidays are over, and children are back in school—apart from the ones going on a term-time vacation.
	Academics call for urgent establishment of NHS gambling harms services in Wales In an article published in Frontiers in Psychiatry, Swansea University academics have called for NHS gambling harms services to be established in Wales, highlighting the ongoing absence of treatment services is unacceptable and must be urgently addressed by the Welsh Government.
	Researchers: Mixed-gender hospital rooms are on the rise in New Zealand, but the practice is unsafe and unethical Mixed-gender rooms are increasingly common in New Zealand's hospitals, based on evidence from hospital complaints and a large Wellington study.
	Don't lose hair over your hair loss Whether it be a few strands falling out in the shower or signs of a receding hairline, hair loss can happen to anyone. An expert at Baylor College of Medicine reveals some of the reasons behind hair loss and why you might not need to pull your hair out stressing about hair loss.
	Correlation between the HALP Score and left ventricular hypertrophy in older patients with hypertension Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have emerged as significant risk factors for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Inflammation and nutrition play critical roles in the development of hypertension and damage to target organs. The HALP Score, which assesses levels of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, and platelets, is an index closely associated with inflammation and nutrition, and has been demonstrated to be particularly effective in the older population.
	Changes in cardiovascular disease burden in China after release of guidelines for prevention A new study published in Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications has investigated the effects of the 2011 Chinese Society of Cardiology guidelines (2011 CSC guidelines) on the overall and subtype specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in China.
	Berberine ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by decreasing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress: Study Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a multifaceted complication of diabetes that lacks effective treatments. Berberine (BBR), a bioactive compound from Rhizoma coptidis, has potential therapeutic implications, but its precise role in diabetic cardiomyopathy has yet to be defined.
	Study estimates global, regional and national lifetime probabilities of developing cancer in 2020 The lifetime risk of cancer is a measure of the cumulative impact of cancer across a defined age span, and has obvious intuitive appeal. There are however few examples in comparative assessments of cancer-specific risk across populations. Therefore, recent research aimed to estimate the lifetime risk of cancer at the global, world region and national level for 36 major cancer types.
	Deciphering reproductive aging in women using a NOD/SCID mouse model A new research paper titled "Deciphering reproductive aging in women using a NOD/SCID mouse model for distinct physiological ovarian phenotypes has been published in Aging.
	AGA does not endorse all patients stopping popular diabetes and weight loss drugs prior to endoscopy The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) has released a rapid clinical practice update addressing the management of patients taking glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) prior to endoscopy.
	Study shows saliva gland abnormalities in Sjögren's worsens over time New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, shows that ultrasound-detected salivary gland abnormalities in primary Sjögren's become more severe over time and that the slow-to-progress disease likely starts long before it is first detected.
	Study finds JAK inhibitors and tocilizumab effective in VEXAS syndrome New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, found that JAK inhibitors (JAKi) and tocilizumab elicited better response rates in VEXAS syndrome compared to other targeted therapies.
	Positive antiphospholipid antibodies raises cardiovascular disease risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus New research at ACR Convergence 2023, the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) annual meeting, describes a link between positive antiphospholipid antibodies and an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Other Sciences news

	French love letters confiscated by Britain finally read after 265 years Over 100 letters sent to French sailors by their fiancées, wives, parents and siblings—but never delivered—have been opened and studied for the first time since they were written in 1757–8.
	Trolling and doxxing: Graduate students sharing their research online speak out about hate An increasingly volatile online environment is affecting our society, including members of the academic community and research they pursue.
	How the pandemic permanently altered college towns Universities are more than just halls of learning; they are vibrant ecosystems and often the beating heart of the towns they reside in. Their reach goes beyond academia and plays a significant role in shaping the local economies of North American college towns.
	How do we retain teachers? Supporting them to work together could help Australia is in the grips of a teacher shortage "crisis" according to Education Minister Jason Clare.
	Climate change hits indebted businesses hardest, new research suggests Climate change poses the biggest risks to the most vulnerable people, and the same is true for businesses: Highly leveraged companies—those that have accumulated too much debt—are uniquely susceptible to climate shocks. That's what we found in a forthcoming study in The Review of Corporate Finance that analyzed data from more than 2,500 U.S. publicly listed companies over 16 years.
	Study shows how having parents from two different African countries shapes identity More than a third of migration in sub-Saharan Africa happens within the continent. This mixing of people means that some children have parents of different national origins. Yet not enough is known about the lives of these children: how they form their identity and what impact migration has on them.
	Silver reveals luxury tastes of Vikings and trade talents of ancient Greeks Vikings, traditionally depicted as primitive bearded warriors, had a fondness for some of life's precious things. In Europe, hundreds of buried hoards of silver testify to its attraction for Vikings when they lived more than 1,000 years ago.
	Black women teaching science find ways for incorporating anti-racist practices Whether teaching about the practices and systems that led to high rates of diabetes in Black communities or discussions about the Flint water crisis, Black female science teachers are finding ways to incorporate anti-racist teaching in their classrooms, according to a new study by science education researchers.
	The presidential election is one year out. Why predictions are more reliable than polls when picking a winner In 2015, Northeastern University associate professor of political science Nick Beauchamp predicted that Donald Trump had a 25% chance of winning the next year's presidential election.
	Report: Political violence threatens health of US democracy Political violence is eroding the overall health of democracy in the United States, according to more than 100 global scholars surveyed for a new report.
	Workplace wellness policies could soften the effects of workaholism, study suggests Employers should consider more ways to facilitate time off for the employees who are least likely to take it—workaholics. That's the conclusion of counseling experts who conducted a workaholism study published in The Career Development Quarterly.
	Bleu Royal diamond rakes in nearly $44 mn at Geneva auction An exceptionally rare blue diamond went under the hammer in Geneva Tuesday, selling for more than $40 million, making it one of the most expensive diamonds ever sold at auction, Christie's said.

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