Science X Newsletter Fri, Nov 3

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 3, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Study observes strong noise correlations between silicon qubits

Research explores the properties of supernova remnant 1E 0102.2–7219

Link found between age of stars and frequency of hot Jupiters

Scorching, seven-planet system revealed by new Kepler exoplanet list

Everolimus-eluting scaffold found better than angioplasty for CLTI patients with infrapopliteal artery disease

Physicists ask: Can we make a particle collider more energy efficient?

Wearable devices may prevent astronauts getting 'lost' in space

Pioneering scientist says global warming is accelerating. Some experts call his claims overheated

Monolithically integrated photo battery achieves competitive voltage

Climate tipping points easier to judge with math breakthrough

Study provides molecular blueprint of spinal circuits governing locomotor speed

Artificial intelligence speeds the discovery of more sustainable, higher-performing polymers

Plants' secret to surviving shorter days

Researchers find evidence of mpox circulating in humans since 2016

Ants are hungry for sugar and oil: Research team reveals insect tastes in tropical forests

Nanotechnology news

Seeing the unseen: How butterflies can help scientists detect cancer There are many creatures on our planet with more advanced senses than humans. Turtles can sense Earth's magnetic field. Mantis shrimp can detect polarized light. Elephants can hear much lower frequencies than humans can. Butterflies can perceive a broader range of colors, including ultraviolet (UV) light.

Physics news

	Study observes strong noise correlations between silicon qubits To build highly performing quantum computers, researchers should be able to reliably derive information about the noise inside them, while also identifying effective strategies to suppress this noise. In recent years, significant progress has been made in this direction, enabling operation errors below 1% in various quantum computing platforms.
	Physicists ask: Can we make a particle collider more energy efficient? Ever since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, physicists have wanted to build new particle colliders to better understand the properties of that elusive particle and probe elementary particle physics at ever-higher energy scales.
	Vacuum in optical cavity can change material's magnetic state without laser excitation Researchers in Germany and the U.S. have produced the first theoretical demonstration that the magnetic state of an atomically thin material, α-RuCl3, can be controlled solely by placing it into an optical cavity. Crucially, the cavity vacuum fluctuations alone are sufficient to change the material's magnetic order from a zigzag antiferromagnet into a ferromagnet. The team's work has been published in npj Computational Materials.
	Surface-specific nonlinear optical spectroscopy comes into terahertz range Second order surface-specific nonlinear optical spectroscopy, e.g. sum-frequency spectroscopy, has made significant and continuous success in revealing the microscopic structures at surfaces/interfaces since the 1990s.
	A review of liquid crystal spatial light modulators devices and applications Technology to control and harness light has existed for centuries, often as static solutions that must be custom-designed. It is only in the past couple of decades that the digital era of micro-electronics and computing has seen fast rewritable technology meant for displays find its way into the mainstream of optics.
	Light guide plate based on perovskite nanocomposites The fact that nanoparticle and polymer hybrid materials can often combine the advantages of each has been demonstrated in several fields. Embedding PNCs into polymer is an effective strategy to enhance the PNCs stability and polymer can endow the PNCs with other positive effects based on different structure and functional groups.
	Realizing in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using single nanodiamond sensors Researchers have used the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center inside a single nanodiamond for quantum sensing to overcome the problem of random particle rotation. Their study is published in Nature Communications.
	Ferroelectric modulation of Fermi level of graphene oxide to enhance SERS response Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful fingerprint analysis and detection technique that plays an important role in the fields of food safety, environmental protection, bio-imaging and hazardous substance identification. Electromagnetic enhancement (EM) and chemical enhancement (CM) are the two recognized mechanisms of action for amplifying Raman signals.

Earth news

	Pioneering scientist says global warming is accelerating. Some experts call his claims overheated One of modern climate science's pioneers is warning that the world isn't just steadily warming but is dangerously accelerating, according to a study that some other scientists call a bit overheated.
	El Niño may be drying out the southern hemisphere: Here's how that affects the whole planet It is a well-known fact that water is the key to life on Earth. But it is less well known that only about 1% of all water on the planet is fresh water available to humans, plants or land-based animals.
	How salt from the Caribbean affects our climate The distribution of salt by ocean currents plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate. This is what researchers from Dalhousie University in Canada, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen, have found in a new study published in Science Advances.
	Desolation in Greece's Dadia park after Europe's biggest fire Perched atop a metal ladder, Athanassia Pistola helps her husband nail the roof of a temporary pen for their farm animals that survived a gigantic fire that ravaged northeastern Greece in August.
	In the 1800s, colonial settlers moved Ballarat's Yarrowee River. The impacts are still felt today The discovery of gold in Ballarat in 1851 transformed its landscape to a staggering degree. Within days, and despite the news being initially suppressed, hundreds of men had gathered along the Yarrowee River.
	Storm Ciarán is breaking records and research suggests more severe weather in future Storm Ciarán made landfall in south-west England and northern France overnight on November 1, with heavy rain and winds blowing up to 180 kilometers per hour (108 mph).
	Researcher: Amazon a time bomb for emergence of diseases with pandemic potential due to deforestation and climate change Home to the greatest biodiversity on the planet, the Amazon is also a ticking time bomb for the emergence or resurgence of diseases with pandemic potential. This is because environmental degradation and altered landscapes are important factors in this process, which are exacerbated during periods of extreme drought, such as the one now affecting the region.
	How can we avoid drinking forever chemicals and arsenic? It is found in polar bears and virgin forests. It is in our shellfish, hot cocoa mixes, and kale.
	Research finds high-latitude lakes warming at a rapid pace Half the world's lakes are located at high latitudes, and new research in the journal Nature Water has found that they are warming at a rapid pace.
	Earthquake rattles Greek island near Athens, but no injuries or serious damage reported A magnitude 5.1 earthquake rattled an island near Athens early Friday, but local officials had no immediate reports of injuries or serious damage.
	'Air-pocalypse': Indian capital launches 'Green War Room' The enemy is nearly invisible and there are no soldiers, but the Indian capital's new "Green War Room" is battling air pollution that is cutting lives of residents by over a decade.
	Schools shut as toxic smog engulfs India's capital Schools were shut across India's capital on Friday as a noxious gray smog engulfed the megacity and made life a misery for its 30 million inhabitants.
	Italy's olive growers lament poor harvests from extreme weather At this time of year, the trees on Alan Risolo's land in central Italy should be groaning with olives. But extreme weather blamed on climate change has ruined his harvest.
	Why Storm Ciarán's winds were so strong Storm Ciarán made landfall in southern regions of the UK during the evening of November 1, 2023. The UK's Met Office issued amber weather warnings for November 2 in specific areas in the south of the UK, cautioning about high winds. This amber alert represents the second-highest level in the Met Office's three-tier system.

Astronomy and Space news

	Research explores the properties of supernova remnant 1E 0102.2–7219 Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international team of astronomers has observed a supernova remnant known as 1E 0102.2–7219. Results of the study, presented October 27 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society journal, shed more light on the properties and nature of this remnant.
	Link found between age of stars and frequency of hot Jupiters A team of astronomers and astrophysicists affiliated with several institutions in China, working with one colleague from Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, in Italy, and another from the University of Utah, in the U.S., has found a link between star age and the frequency of hot Jupiters. In their study, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group characterized the ages of a large number of star systems that have Jupiter-like exoplanets and compared them.
	Scorching, seven-planet system revealed by new Kepler exoplanet list A system of seven sweltering planets has been revealed by continued study of data from NASA's retired Kepler space telescope: Each one is bathed in more radiant heat from their host star per area than any planet in our solar system. Also unlike any of our immediate neighbors, all seven planets in this system, named Kepler-385, are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune.
	Wearable devices may prevent astronauts getting 'lost' in space The sky is no longer the limit—but taking flight is dangerous. In leaving the Earth's surface, we lose many of the cues we need to orient ourselves, and that spatial disorientation can be deadly. Astronauts normally need intensive training to protect against it. But scientists have now found that wearable devices which vibrate to give orientation cues may boost the efficacy of this training significantly, making spaceflight slightly safer.
	Apollo astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly dies aged 87 A NASA astronaut who was removed from the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission but helped bring its crew back home safely thanks to his problem-solving efforts from ground control has died at the age of 87.
	NASA's robotic prospectors are helping scientists understand what asteroids are made of, setting the stage for mining The cars, cellphones, computers and televisions that people in the U.S. use every day require metals like copper, cobalt and platinum to build. Demand from the electronics industry for these metals is only rising, and companies are constantly searching for new places on Earth to mine them.
	ESA's Hera mission is bringing two CubeSats along. They'll be landing on Dimorphos In about one year from now, the European Space Agency will launch its Hera mission. Its destination is the asteroid Didymos, and it'll be the second human spacecraft to visit the 390-meter chunk of rock. NASA's DART mission crashed a kinetic impactor into Didymos' tiny moonlet Dimorphos as a test of planetary defense.
	NASA Goddard's 'spiky' antenna chamber: Signaling success for 50 years On any given day, NASA's networks may communicate with more than 100 space missions. Whether the mission keeps the lines of communication open with orbiting astronauts or peers deep into the cosmos, those dozens of satellites all have one thing in common: each needs an antenna. Without one, NASA missions and their discoveries simply would not be possible.
	Hubble provides unique ultraviolet view of Jupiter This newly released image from the NASA Hubble Space Telescope shows the planet Jupiter in a color composite of ultraviolet wavelengths. Released in honor of Jupiter reaching opposition, which occurs when the planet and the sun are in opposite sides of the sky, this view of the gas giant planet includes the iconic, massive storm called the "Great Red Spot."
	Video: Preparing for Euclid's first images, from puzzling data to dazzling views Never before has a telescope been able to create such razor-sharp astronomical images across such a large patch of the sky.
	Science in space: Robotic helpers Crew time is a valuable resource on the International Space Station and its value only increases for future space missions. One way to make the most of crew time is using robotic technology either to assist crew members with various tasks and or to completely automate others.
	HAARP artificial airglow may be widely visible in Alaska Alaskans and visitors may be able to see an artificial airglow in the sky created by the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program during a four-day research campaign that starts Saturday.

Technology news

	Monolithically integrated photo battery achieves competitive voltage Networked intelligent devices and sensors can improve the energy efficiency of consumer products and buildings by monitoring their consumption in real time. Miniature devices like these being developed under the concept of the Internet of Things require energy sources that are as compact as possible in order to function autonomously.
	Preventing catastrophic failure in lithium ion batteries In a recent study published in Advanced Energy Materials, a team of ANSTO scientists, led by Prof. Vanessa Peterson, used neutron scattering techniques to understand the formation of harmful lithium structures in rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
	Apple's sales fall for the fourth straight quarter despite a strong start for latest iPhones Apple's sales remained on a downward slope during the summer, resulting in a full year of declining revenue at the technology trendsetter with a long history of steady growth that turned it into the world's most valuable publicly traded company.
	White House 2024: AI threatens to 'supercharge' disinformation From fabricated images of Donald Trump's arrest to a video depicting a dystopian future under Joe Biden, the 2024 White House race faces a firehose of tech-enabled disinformation in what is widely billed as America's first AI election.
	Elon Musk issues warning about 'humanoid robots' in AI 'age of abundance' The owner of X Elon Musk on Thursday predicted the future with AI would be an "age of abundance" with a "universal high income" instead of a universal basic income but warned of "humanoid robots" that might chase humans.
	Strategy for promoting adaptive grasping, dexterous manipulation, and human-robot interaction with tactile sensing Hands possess an awe-inspiring ability to perceive friction forces with remarkable accuracy, all thanks to the mechanical receptors nestled within skin. This natural gift allows objects to be handled deftly and tools to be wielded effortlessly, infusing daily life with a delightful flexibility. But what if this tactile prowess could be unlocked in robots?
	Whose job will AI replace? Why a clerk in Ethiopia has more to fear than one in California Artificial intelligence is changing the world—and one of the main areas it will affect in the short-to-medium term is the workforce.
	Nanoparticle quasicrystal constructed with DNA Nanoengineers have created a quasicrystal—a scientifically intriguing and technologically promising material structure—from nanoparticles using DNA, the molecule that encodes life.
	Researcher: Biden administration executive order tackles AI risks, but lack of privacy laws limits reach The comprehensive, even sweeping, set of guidelines for artificial intelligence that the White House unveiled in an executive order on Oct. 30, 2023, show that the U.S. government is attempting to address the risks posed by AI.
	E-fuels can play a huge role in Canada's journey toward a net-zero future As countries around the world face the challenges of moving away from oil to stave off the worst effects of climate change, Canada is in an enviable position.
	AI chatbots are coming to your workplace but are not necessarily coming for your job Artificial Intelligence chatbots are everywhere. They have captured the public imagination and that of countless Silicon Valley inventors and investors since the arrival of ChatGPT about a year ago.
	Musk's xAI to release first AI model to 'select group' Elon Musk said his new artificial intelligence company would release a new AI model on Saturday to a "select group" of users as he looks to rival industry leaders OpenAI and Google.
	Focus on AR/VR: Near-eye display based on metasurface devices With the rise of the meta-universe, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies have been developing rapidly in recent years. Near-eye displays are crucial technologies for VR and AR. Despite the rapid advances in near-eye display technologies, there are still challenges such as large field of view (FOV), high resolution, high image quality, natural free 3D effect, and compact form factor.
	Green ammonia for the hydrogen economy Research in the International Journal of Exergy has looked at how a novel small-scale power-to-ammonia (P2A) system might be a useful tool in the move to a hydrogen economy. The work considers the energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of this system compared with conventional systems. Ultimately, chemical analysis shows the potential of green ammonia as a hydrogen-storage medium, and thus an energy carrier.
	Bridging the best of both electrolyte worlds for a better lithium-ion battery Lithium-ion batteries powered the device on which these words appear. From phones and laptops to electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are critical to the technology of the modern world—but they can also explode. Comprising negatively and positively charged electrodes and an electrolyte to transport ions across the divide, lithium-ion batteries are only as good as the limitations of their components.
	Amazon closing two clothing stores in another failed bid into physical retail Amazon is saying goodbye to its clothing stores.
	Angry Qantas investors block executives' pay plan Jeering Qantas shareholders voted down a pay package for the company's top brass Friday, as the outgoing chairman apologized for a public "loss of trust" in Australia's much-loved carrier.
	Bankman-Fried found guilty of massive crypto fraud Sam Bankman-Fried, the one-time cryptocurrency golden boy accused by US prosecutors of stealing billions of dollars of his customers' money, was found guilty on Thursday on all counts and faces up to 110 years behind bars.
	Amazon and Meta settle UK investigations with pledges to refrain from unfair practices Amazon and Meta settled separate U.K. antitrust investigations by agreeing to stop practices that give them an unfair advantage over merchants and customers using their platforms, the watchdog said Friday.
	Swedish union widens strike for Tesla workers Sweden's metalworkers union said Friday that it was expanding its strike against Tesla, a week after mechanics walked off the job over the electric carmaker's refusal to sign a collective wage agreement.
	Jeff Bezos, after founding Amazon in a Seattle garage three decades ago, packs his bags for Miami Jeff Bezos is leaving Seattle, where the billionaire founded Amazon out of a garage nearly three decades ago.
	An eco-friendly solar-driven protocol solves water-oil separation The discharge of nuclear wastewater from Japan has drawn concern and condemnation from countries around the world. As a result, the issue of marine pollution is once again in the spotlight. Among the traditional marine environmental problems, oil pollution is one of the most serious types.
	Is nuclear the answer to Australia's climate crisis? In Australia's race to net zero emissions, nuclear power has surged back into the news. Opposition leader Peter Dutton argues nuclear is "the only feasible and proven technology" for cutting emissions. Energy Minister Chris Bowen insists Mr. Dutton is promoting "the most expensive form of energy".

Chemistry news

	Artificial intelligence speeds the discovery of more sustainable, higher-performing polymers Great chemists have discovered ways to combine carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen into all manners of plastics: leak-proof food packaging, heat-resistant car parts, durable personal protective equipment—the list is long.
	Charged 'molecular beasts' as the foundation for new chemical compounds Mass spectrometers are high-tech machines that play an important role in our society. They are highly sensitive analytical instruments that are indispensable in areas such as medical diagnostics, food quality control and the detection of hazardous chemical substances.
	New approach to water electrolysis for green hydrogen Recent research into the demanding task of developing catalysts for hydrogen production has made substantial progress.
	Chemists develop new sensor for microvolume pH detection Measuring the pH of substances gives us vital clues about the world around us, such as identifying contaminated water or checking the toxicity of medical or cosmetic products.
	A deep variational autoencoder for proteomics mass spectrometry data analysis Jianwei Shuai's team and Jiahuai Han's team at Xiamen University have developed a deep autoencoder-based data-independent acquisition data analysis software for protein mass spectrometry, which realizes the analysis of relevant peptides and proteins from complex protein mass spectrometry data, and demonstrates the superiority and versatility of the method on different instruments and species samples. The study was published in Research as "Dear-DIAXMBD: deep autoencoder for data-independent acquisition proteomics".

Biology news

	Plants' secret to surviving shorter days The upcoming daylight saving time "fall back" may be a drag for many people—but new research from Michigan State University scientists reveals that plants have found ways to cope.
	Ants are hungry for sugar and oil: Research team reveals insect tastes in tropical forests The decline of insect populations has attracted worldwide interest in times of global warming and changing environment, but we have only rudimentary knowledge about the biodiversity and abundance of insects in the high mountains in tropical regions. Even what nutrients limit insects in nature is still not well understood. This knowledge is important because of the increasingly frequent climatic extreme events that change the availability of food resources.
	Exploring transcription elongation control in development, disease and aging In a recent article published in Molecular Cell, Ali Shilatifard, Ph.D., the Robert Francis Furchgott Professor and chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Yuki Aoi Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in Shilatifard laboratory, provided a comprehensive overview of the elongation stage of DNA transcription, its central role in the regulation of gene expression and how its dysregulation is associated with developmental defects, disease and aging.
	Taming wild northern rivers could harm marine fisheries and threaten endangered sawfish Australia's tropical northern rivers still run wild and free. These relatively pristine areas have so far avoided extensive development. But this might not last. There are ongoing scoping studies exploring irrigating agricultural land using water from these rivers.
	Researchers can now visualize osmotic pressure in living tissue In order to survive, organisms must control the pressure inside them, from the single-cell level to tissues and organs. Measuring these pressures in living cells and tissues in physiological conditions is a challenge.
	Large herbivores such as elephants, bison and moose shown to contribute to tree diversity Using global satellite data, a research team has mapped the tree cover of the world's protected areas. The study shows that regions with abundant large herbivores in many settings have a more variable tree cover, which is expected to benefit biodiversity overall.
	Biologists are keeping a close eye on a rare Mexican wolf that is wandering out of bounds Northern New Mexico or bust—that seems to be the case for at least one Mexican gray wolf that is intent on wandering beyond the boundaries set for managing the rarest subspecies of gray wolf if North America.
	A comprehensive database for the study of protein aggregation Researchers at the IBB-UAB have developed the most comprehensive database available to date to help understand the basis of protein aggregation, a phenomenon associated with aging and several pathologies. The new resource, A3D-MOBD, brings together the proteomes of 12 of the most studied model organisms, which cover distant biological clades, and contains more than half a million predictions of protein regions with a propensity to form aggregates.
	Snake species named Trimeresurus uetzi after Reptile Database creator A newly identified species of green pit viper snake has been named in honor of Virginia Commonwealth University professor Peter Uetz, Ph.D.
	A croc's life: There's more than meets the eye Saltwater crocodiles are large predators that lurk in muddy waters, with jaws powerful enough to attack anything from water buffalo to humans... but they are also just big chilled-out lounge-lizards who love to sunbake.
	New water-fertilizer strategy to achieve high yield of maize and resource use efficiency simultaneously Water scarcity and low soil fertility are the main factors limiting crop production in semi-arid regions. One the other hand, excessive water resource input and large amount of fertilizer application not only lead to low water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency, but also produce a series of environmental problems and affect the structure and function of farmland ecosystem.
	Vineyards of the future will produce more than wine Europe is seeking to use emissions and residues from winemaking for new products ranging from animal feed to antibiotic alternatives.
	Q&A: How generative AI could help accelerate biomedical research The recent explosion of generative AI tools has prompted many discussions in virtually all fields about the benefits and risks of these technologies. These tools, including ChatGPT, Bard and others, have been trained on huge amounts of content and can produce text and images that often look eerily like human-generated content.
	An exotic tick that can kill cattle is spreading across Ohio A species of exotic tick arrived in Ohio in 2021 in such huge numbers that their feeding frenzy on a southeastern farm left three cattle dead of what researchers believe was severe blood loss.
	Saplings reveal how changing climate may undermine forests As climate scientist Don Falk was hiking through a forest, the old, green pines stretched overhead. But he had the feeling that something was missing. Then his eyes found it: a seedling, brittle and brown, overlooked because of its lifelessness. Once Falk's eyes found one, the others quickly fell into his awareness. An entire generation of young trees had died.
	Analyzing cost and profitability of specialty coffee in Central America In Honduras and El Salvador, coffee (Coffea arabica) is one of the leading agricultural exports, and the share of specialty coffee is growing each year. However, despite the importance of specialty coffee production and exports, there is a knowledge gap regarding its cost structure and profitability, particularly those associated with labor costs
	Colombia to cull some of Pablo Escobar's hippos Colombia will cull some of the 166 hippos descended from a small herd imported by deceased drug lord Pablo Escobar in the 1980s, the country's environment minister said Thursday.
	Climate change is turning swaths of California's mountains into 'zombie forests' There's something eerie about this forest in the southern Sierra Nevada. Tangles of bony branches obscure the ground. Dead trees stand gray and bristly. An aura of doom hangs over the green conifers that remain.
	Q&A: How cell developmental biology fits into the future of medicine Ben Stanger, MD, Ph.D. is a practicing Gastroenterologist at Penn Medicine. He is also the Hanna Wise Professor in Cancer Research and professor of Medicine and Cell and Developmental biology at the University of Pennsylvania.

Medicine and Health news

	Everolimus-eluting scaffold found better than angioplasty for CLTI patients with infrapopliteal artery disease A multi-institution study led by the Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Australia, has found that everolimus-eluting resorbable scaffold treatment leads to better outcomes than angioplasty for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) with infrapopliteal artery disease.
	Study provides molecular blueprint of spinal circuits governing locomotor speed Researchers at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden have uncovered the molecular logic underpinning the assembly of spinal circuits that control the speed of locomotion in adult zebrafish. The study has been published in Nature Neuroscience.
	Researchers find evidence of mpox circulating in humans since 2016 A large international team of medical researchers and epidemiologists has found evidence that monkeypox (mpox) has been circulating in humans since 2016. In their study, reported in the journal Science, the group used Bayesian evolutionary analysis of the mpox virus to show that its genomic history includes years of change due to human infections.
	Two-drug approach could overcome a common cancer mutation, make treatments more effective Cancer cells are often a mess of mutations. About 20% to 25% of cancers involve mutations in a complex of molecules called SWI/SNF. Yet drugs designed to block SWI/SNF activity haven't always worked as expected. Researchers at Harvard Medical School have now figured out why.
	Beta-cells study sheds light on cause of type 2 diabetes Scientists at Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, along with an international team of researchers, are shedding new light on the causes of type 2 diabetes. The research, published in the journal Nature Communications, offers a potential strategy for developing new therapies that could restore dysfunctional pancreatic beta-cells or, perhaps, even prevent type 2 diabetes from developing.
	Study shows that smoking 'stops' cancer-fighting proteins, causing cancer and making it harder to treat Scientists at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR) have uncovered one way tobacco smoking causes cancer and makes it harder to treat by undermining the body's anti-cancer safeguards.
	Researchers discover new molecular drug targets for progressive neurological disorder There is no cure for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a brain disorder marked by walking and balance difficulties. Its symptoms also mimic Parkinson's disease and dementia. The condition leads to rapid, progressive decline and death.
	Some benefits of exercise stem from the immune system, suggests new study The connection between exercise and inflammation has captivated the imagination of researchers ever since an early 20th-century study showed a spike of white cells in the blood of Boston marathon runners following the race.
	Survey of 34,000 health care professionals indicates higher bias against transgender people By analyzing data from the Harvard Implicit Association Test—a widely accepted measure of a person's attitudes toward people based on characteristics like race, gender, and sexuality—researchers find that health care professionals, and in particular nurses, are more biased against transgender people than are people who are not health care professionals.
	Test with volunteers shows wasabi improves short- and long-term memory in older people A team of cognitive health and aging research specialists affiliated with a large number of institutions in Japan has found that ingesting wasabi can help improve both long- and short-term memory retention in older adults. For their study, published in the journal Nutrients, the group gave one group of older adult volunteers daily wasabi tablets and another group a daily placebo for three months.
	Scientists identify changes in dendritic cells during the immune response with promising implications for vaccine design A team of scientists at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) and Hospital de la Princesa-UAM in Madrid have discovered that dendritic cells, an important cell type in the immune response to viral and bacterial infections, are profoundly changed by their involvement in this process in ways that were previously unknown.
	Black and white adults have similar health care expenditure levels in racially and economically integrated communities Differences in health care expenditures between Black and white adults vary substantially with the local level of racial and economic integration, and tend to be low or nonexistent in highly integrated communities, according to a study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
	Opioid disorder treatment: Prediction model can calculate risk of relapse within first three weeks A newly developed prediction model may be able to calculate the risk of opioid relapse among individuals in the early stages of medication treatment—as early as three weeks into therapy.
	AI able to predict if and when people at high risk progress to glaucoma AI (artificial intelligence) that is trained to recognize red flags in retinal images and clinical information can predict if and when people at high risk of glaucoma, usually referred to as "glaucoma suspects," go on to actually develop it, finds research published online in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.
	Expanding pharmacists' role for patients with hypertension could prevent 15 million heart attacks and save $1.1 trillion If pharmacists had a larger role in prescribing medications to control blood pressure, they could prevent more than 15 million heart attacks, nearly 8 million strokes and more than 4 million cases each of angina and heart failure in the U.S. over 30 years, according to a new Virginia Commonwealth University-led study.
	International study reaches consensus in how to measure improvement in long COVID Researchers have reached an agreement on how best to measure the severity and impact of long COVID by identifying a "Core Outcome Measure Set" (COMS).
	Human insulin less temperature-sensitive than previously thought A new article published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews has found that insulin can be kept at room temperature for months without losing potency, offering hope to people living with diabetes in regions with limited access to health care or stable powered refrigeration. This affects millions of people living in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in rural areas, as well as people whose lives have been disrupted by conflict or natural disasters.
	Study reveals untapped potential to increase eye donations needed for sight-restoring surgeries A new study has found there is significant scope to increase the number of eye donations from patients cared for in hospice and palliative care settings—donations which are desperately needed for sight-restoring surgeries.
	California officials confirm 2 cases of dengue, a mosquito-borne illness rarely transmitted in US Two people in Southern California have come down with dengue fever without traveling outside the United States, where the mosquito-borne illness is rare, health officials said.
	More eye drops recalled due to infection danger Cardinal Health is voluntarily recalling certain LEADER brand eye drops because they may cause eye infections.
	Hep C testing recommendations developed for perinatally exposed infants Recommendations have been developed for hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among perinatally exposed infants. The recommendations and report are published in the Nov. 3 issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	FDA approves Wezlana for multiple inflammatory diseases The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Amgen's Wezlana (ustekinumab-auub) as a biosimilar to and interchangeable with Stelara (ustekinumab) for multiple inflammatory diseases.
	Money can make life more satisfying, survey shows Money may not buy happiness, but it can help make life more satisfying, a new U.S. government survey shows.
	On nutrition: Index of healthy eating Halloween is over and the candy bags are empty. Now begins the season of favorite foods and traditions. And with each passing year, I'm reminded that I want to be around for many more.
	Survey reveals higher parenting stress for dads working from home during pandemic A survey from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found that 40% of parents who worked remotely during the pandemic reported higher parenting stress compared with only 27% of parents who worked onsite.
	Viewpoint: I was a geriatrician on Old People's Home for Teenagers. Here's why I joined this TV experiment Many people will have heard about "intergenerational practice" via the TV.
	Oncology researchers raise ethics concerns posed by patient-facing artificial intelligence Ready or not, patients with cancer are increasingly likely to find themselves interacting with artificial intelligence technologies to schedule appointments, monitor their health, learn about their disease and its treatment, find support, and more.
	Sudden infant death syndrome: In Europe, nearly 80% of baby product packaging show unsafe positions Imagine you're lounging comfortably at home, watching TV, when a car ad comes up showing a vehicle traveling at high speed on a windy road. Inside, an infant is shown in a baby seat that… isn't secured. How would that commercial make you feel about the advertiser? Thankfully that never happens in real life, right?
	Are results from clinical trials in kidney transplant recipients applicable to the real world? Investigators recently examined the extent to which participants in clinical trials related to kidney transplantation are similar to individuals undergoing transplantation in the United States. The research will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023 November 1–5.
	Sotagliflozin found to protect kidney and heart in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are medications that lower blood sugar levels among other effects, provide kidney- and heart-related benefits to patients with and without diabetes. An exploratory analysis recently uncovered the effects of sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1 and 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The research will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023 November 1–5.
	Scientists create the most complete atlas of the human fetal kidney to date Scientists have examined the gene expression patterns of single cells from 5 human fetal kidneys to create the most complete atlas of the fetal kidney to date. The research will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023 November 1–5.
	Is high urinary albumin linked to sub-clinical cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes? Advances in non-invasive imaging have allowed clinicians to assess both the structure and function of coronary arteries. Investigators who recently used positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging found that in individuals with type 2 diabetes without any symptoms of cardiovascular disease, elevated albumin in the urine may be linked with sub-clinical coronary artery pathology, including coronary artery microcalcifications.
	County-level structural racism may affect mortality rates in people with kidney failure A new analysis indicates that county-level structural racism is a significant determinant of death among individuals with kidney failure. The research will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2023 November 1–5.
	Secure attachment to both parents—not just mothers—boosts children's healthy development Imagine a sudden rustle in the tall grass. A ripple of alarm passes through the group of early humans who live together amid ancient, rugged terrain. In the center of the encampment, a 3-year-old child—let's call her Raina—stumbles and falls, her eyes wide with fear.
	Researchers say early warnings could prevent thunderstorm asthma events Melbourne lays claim to the unwanted title of being the epicenter of epidemic thunderstorm asthma (ETSA) worldwide, having experienced seven of the 26 recorded events.
	Monitoring of natural gas compressor stations underestimates health risks to nearby communities, says study There are more than 1,200 compressor stations along the roughly 3.2 billion kilometers (2 million miles) of natural gas pipeline in the United States. Monitoring and enforcement of pollutants from these stations is falling short, a new study reports.
	Paid family leave found to boost postpartum well-being, breastfeeding rates The U.S. remains one of the few countries without federally mandated paid parental leave, despite its major potential health benefits.
	Long-term care COVID restrictions took toll on families' mental health, reveals study Restrictions on social access had a direct impact not only on the well-being of older adults in long-term care (LTC) but also their family members during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a new study by Western researchers.
	Research team finds novel drug improves outcomes for patients with rare kidney disorder Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a rare kidney disorder that affects children and adults, and can lead to kidney failure. New findings from a team led by the University of Minnesota Medical School show patients with FSGS who were treated with the medication sparsentan experienced improved kidney function—making it a potential new treatment option for the disorder.
	Study identifies varied factors in buprenorphine users and urine drug testing A study by a team of researchers across the country, including two from the University of Kentucky, is the first to demonstrate a connection between the characteristics of patients receiving buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and the use of urine drug testing.
	Brain study uncovers new insights into major depressive disorder in adolescents A team of dedicated researchers from South China Normal University delved deep into the unique brain network dysfunctions present in adolescents with MDD. Their study, published in Psychoradiology illuminates the complexities of MDD while also highlighting potential diagnostic biomarkers and opening avenues for future research.
	New technology simplifies and enhances analysis and visualization of medical image data Medical imaging generates a lot of data, for example during computer tomography. This data is important when it comes to personalized medicine. Artificial intelligence methods, such as machine learning, use this data to learn and help tailor diagnoses and therapies to individual needs in the future. However, such technology is still burdened with uncertainties.
	AI getting better at detecting skin cancer Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly accurate in detecting skin cancer, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, held from Oct. 11 to 14 in Berlin.
	New antibiotic tackles drug-resistant gonorrhea in trial The first new antibiotic for gonorrhea—the second most common sexually transmitted disease—has shown promise in a clinical trial.
	Four women have two-in-one surgery to reduce their risk of ovarian cancer Four women have successfully had a combined surgery, in which they gave birth by cesarean section and at the same time had surgery to reduce their risk of ovarian cancer, thanks to a team of researchers and clinicians at UCLH and UCL.
	No significant increase seen in cystitis diagnoses during COVID-19 pandemic More women were diagnosed with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) during than before the COVID-19 pandemic, but the difference was not statistically significant, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
	Why do some vaccines (polio, measles) prevent diseases, while others (COVID-19, flu) only reduce their severity? When the first vaccines for COVID-19 rolled out in December 2020, some people hoped they would be a silver bullet against the novel virus the way that polio and smallpox shots are nearly 100% effective against those diseases.
	Q&A: Best ways to screen and treat breast cancer Despite decades of scientific progress, breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women in the United States. Experts are divided on many aspects, such as when and how often to do mammograms, how to rethink interventions for precancer lesions, and how to pinpoint risk and reduce the toxicity of treatments.
	Being taller throughout life may protect against heart disease and stroke Being taller during the course of a person's lifetime could protect against heart disease and stroke in later life, according to a new University of Bristol-led study. The research, which analyzed height and genetic data on over 454,000 individuals, is published on the pre-print server medRxiv.
	Critics slam updated infection control recommendations for hospitals Advisors to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are expected to approve new draft guidelines for hospital infection control this week, the first update since 2007.
	PTSD symptoms linked to higher carotid atherosclerosis in women For midlife women, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with higher carotid atherosclerosis and with greater brain small vessel disease and poorer cognitive performance among APOE ε4 carriers, according to a study published online Nov. 2 in JAMA Network Open.
	Study links childhood trauma to COVID-19 deaths, hospitalizations People who endured childhood adversity, like abuse or neglect, were more likely to be hospitalized or die from COVID-19 in adulthood, a new University of Pittsburgh study found. Specifically, higher self-reported childhood adversity was linked to 12–25% higher odds of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality.
	Biological engineers validate alternative treatments for AMD disease A Utah State University professor and her team has found a possible solution for treating age-related macular degeneration, one of the leading causes of vision loss for older adults.
	Study identifies new pathway to combat primary cause of cardiovascular disease Research led by the University of Minnesota Medical School identified a new pathway to combat cardiovascular disease. The study was recently published in Nature Cardiovascular Research.
	New radiopharmaceutical shows antitumor activity in patients with advanced prostate cancer Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have led a phase 1 trial of a new drug that delivers potent radiation therapy directly and specifically to cancer cells in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The clinical trial showed that the "radiopharmaceutical" was well tolerated and demonstrated promising antitumor activity, according to a new study published on Nov. 2 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
	As billions roll in to fight the US opioid epidemic, one county shows how recovery can work Communities ravaged by America's opioid epidemic are starting to get their share of a $50 billion pie from legal settlements.
	Former state epidemiologist says Sweden's COVID strategy misunderstood After emerging as the figurehead of Sweden's controversial, less strict COVID-19 strategy, former state epidemiologist Anders Tegnell reflects on his country's path in a new book published Friday.
	US teens are driving drowsy at high rates: Survey Drowsy driving causes thousands of car crashes a year and teen drivers say they are often sleepy behind the wheel.
	Leveraging technology to improve tuberculosis health care Every year, around 10 million people contract tuberculosis (TB)—a treatable disease where bacteria attack a patient's lungs. Globally, only about half of those who contract TB yearly are diagnosed. Many other people with TB are undiagnosed and untreated, partly due to a lack of access to quality health-care systems, particularly in resource-limited settings and among marginalized groups.
	Involvement of brain peptide dynamics in the pathology of fatty liver disease Various factors including obesity, diabetes, etc. are related to the etiology of steatotic liver disease (SLD) including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) etiology and resulted in the complications in various organs. As the number of patients with SLD is increasing worldwide, it is essential to elucidate the pathological conditions and develop effective treatment methods.

Other Sciences news

	Climate tipping points easier to judge with math breakthrough Math experts have developed new ways to provide further evidence for human-caused global heating and predict how close Earth is to reaching dangerous climate tipping points.
	Moroccan archaeologists unearth new ruins at Chellah, a tourism-friendly ancient port near Rabat Archaeologists have unearthed more ancient ruins of what they believe was once a bustling port city near the capital of modern-day Morocco, digging out thermal baths and working class neighborhoods that the country hopes will lure tourists and scholars in the years ahead.
	Higher parenting stress for dads working from home versus onsite during pandemic Forty percent of parents who worked remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic reported higher parenting stress compared with only 27 percent of parents who worked onsite, reports a new survey from scientists at Northwestern University and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago.
	Many divorcees end up with nothing or only debt after divorce, says new study Contrary to the impression given by divorces covered in the media, most do not entail couples sharing vast amounts of wealth and spending huge sums on legal proceedings.
	Modern medicine's Middle Ages roots—how the logic of vulture brain remedies and bloodletting lives on today Nothing calls to mind nonsensical treatments and bizarre religious healing rituals as easily as the notion of Dark Age medicine. "The Saturday Night Live" sketch "Medieval Barber Theodoric of York" says it all with its portrayal of a quack doctor who insists on extracting pints of his patients' blood in a dirty little shop.
	Social media content in times of war: An expert guide on how to keep violence off your feeds Social media platforms are a great source of information and entertainment. They also help us to maintain contact with friends and family. But social media can also—and has, often—become a toxic environment for spreading disinformation, hatred and conflict.
	Five practices fight fake online reviews, build consumer trust The right online review can win over a new customer or convince them to take their business elsewhere, but not every review is an honest product or service assessment. Bad actors looking to boost their sales have paid for fake reviews or posted the reviews themselves. A team of researchers, including from Penn State's Smeal College of Business, identified five practices that online review sites like Yelp and Tripadvisor can implement to fight fake reviews and build consumer trust.
	Public increasingly see politicians as stoking culture wars, UK study finds The U.K. public increasingly think politicians are stoking culture wars, at the same time as the term "woke" has become more likely to be considered an insult and 1 in 7 people now identify as "anti-woke" (as many as identify as "woke"), according to a new study.
	Ra-Pict prototyping bringing archaeology alive 3D scanners, 3D printers and even new smartphone technology is being used by University of Aberdeen archaeologists to enhance teaching and public engagement of the discipline.
	Study finds constraints causing significant post-pandemic stress for hospitality job seekers Researchers at the University of Houston Conrad N. Hilton College of Global Hospitality Leadership say post-pandemic job search and work constraints in the hospitality industry are causing higher stress for job seekers, leading to more turnover and less qualified candidates.
	Men less likely than women to share negative information, says study A new study from Carnegie Mellon University, Bayes Business School (formerly Cass), and Bocconi University has found that men are less eager and likely to share negative information than women, while there was little difference when it comes to positive news.
	Chicken broth and lobster among 3,000 dishes served to King George III A list of 3,000 unique dishes served to King George III at Kew Palace and the Prince Regent, George IV at Carlton House between 1788-1813 has been compiled by a team involving a UCL researcher.
	Sustainable alternatives key to combating fast fashion's environmental toll, study finds For the last three decades, the advent of "fast fashion" has disrupted the traditional fashion cycles by capitalizing on retailers' and consumers' responsiveness to the novelty of new fashion trends. Some fast fashion retailers go as far as delivering new apparel designs every two weeks—about 26 times per year, or 13 times more than traditional fashion.
	Investigators are being sent to US research base on Antarctica to look into sexual violence concerns The watchdog office overseeing the National Science Foundation is sending investigators to Antarctica's McMurdo Station after hearing concerns about the prevalence of sexual violence at the U.S. research base.

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