Science X Newsletter Thu, Nov 9

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 9, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Global warming–induced sea level changes could increase earthquake risk

A machine learning–based tool to model phase-change memory materials

TESS detects new cataclysmic variable system of a rare type

Ancient Egyptian burial reveals ovarian teeth in oldest example of teratoma

Research demonstrates surface diffusion enhanced ion transport through two-dimensional channels

Photonics team develops high-performance ultrafast lasers that fit on a fingertip

Honeybee behavior as a model for decision-making in a kilobot swarm

Milky Way-like galaxy found in the early universe

Forests with multiple tree species are 70% more effective as carbon sinks than monoculture forests, study finds

A breath of fresh air keeps drug-producing cells alive longer

Researchers develop AI algorithm to measure muscle development, provide growth chart for children

Signs of wear on mosasaurs' teeth show they were picky eaters who liked seafood

Almost half of people who use drugs in rural areas were recently incarcerated, new research finds

First live birth of a chimeric monkey using embryonic stem cell lines

Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts may protect against colitis in inflammatory bowel disease

Nanotechnology news

	Research demonstrates surface diffusion enhanced ion transport through two-dimensional channels Materials scientists have extensively studied fast ion permeation in nanofluidic channels in the past decades due to their potential within filtration technologies and osmotic energy harvesting. While the mechanisms underlying ion transport have yet to be understood, the process can be achieved in nanochannels developed in a carefully regulated manner.
	Liquid metals shake up century-old chemical engineering processes Liquid metals could be the long-awaited solution to "greening" the chemical industry, according to researchers who tested a new technique they hope can replace energy-intensive chemical engineering processes harking back to the early 20th century.
	Researchers develop cheap and efficient ethanol catalyst from laser-melted nanoparticles Ethanol fuel cells are regarded as promising sources of green electricity. However, expensive platinum catalysts are used in their production. Research on laser melting of suspensions carried out at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, has led researchers to materials that catalyze ethanol with a similar—and potentially even greater—efficiency to platinum, yet are made of an element that is many times cheaper than platinum.

Physics news

	Photonics team develops high-performance ultrafast lasers that fit on a fingertip Lasers are essential tools for observing, detecting, and measuring things in the natural world that we can't see with the naked eye. But the ability to perform these tasks is often restricted by the need to use expensive and large instruments.
	Study leverages chiral phonons for transformative quantum effect Quantum materials hold the key to a future of lightning-speed, energy-efficient information systems. The problem with tapping their transformative potential is that in solids, the vast number of atoms often drowns out the exotic quantum properties electrons carry.

Earth news

	Global warming–induced sea level changes could increase earthquake risk Earthquakes often occur along plate boundaries, when sudden movements of the "stuck" plates release elastic strain energy, sending out seismic waves that result in the ground shaking familiar to many worldwide. More rarely, earthquakes occur within plates (intraplate) in zones of weakness, such as the reactivation of old faults or rifts.
	Scientists caution against a reliance on mechanical devices to clear water bodies of plastic An international group of scientists has cautioned against reliance on mechanical cleanup devices as a means of addressing the plastic pollution crisis.
	Lightning identified as the leading cause of wildfires in boreal forests, threatening carbon storage Lightning is the dominant cause of wildfire ignition in boreal forests—areas of global importance for carbon storage—and will increase in frequency with climate change, according to new research.
	Zooplankton in ocean and freshwater are rapidly escalating the global environmental threat of plastics, finds study A collaborative research team lead by the University of Massachusetts Amherst has recently revealed that rotifers, a kind of microscopic zooplankton common in both fresh and ocean water around the world, are able to chew apart microplastics, breaking them down into even smaller, and potentially more dangerous, nanoplastics—or particles smaller than one micron. Each rotifer can create between 348,000–366,000 per day, leading to uncountable swarms of nanoparticles in our environment.
	Study finds Greenland's glacier retreat rate has doubled over past two decades Greenland's thousands of peripheral glaciers have entered a new and widespread state of rapid retreat, a Northwestern University and University of Copenhagen study has found.
	Study examines link between underwater landslides and tsunamis Scientists have calculated a way to determine the speed of past underwater landslides. To do so, researchers from The Ohio State University studied the remains of an underwater landslide just off the coast of Oregon—dubbed the 44-N Slide—that is part of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ).
	Plastics treaty must tackle problem at source, researchers say The new Global Plastics Treaty must tackle the problem at the source, researchers say. An international negotiation meeting (INC-3) in Kenya begins on Monday, aiming to further develop a legally binding treaty on plastic pollution.
	New island emerges after undersea volcano erupts off Japan, but experts say it may not last long An undersea volcano erupted off Japan three weeks ago, providing a rare view of the birth of a tiny new island, but experts say it may not last very long.
	Scientists flag conflicts of interest ahead of UN plastic and chemical talks An international group of 35 scientists is calling out conflicts of interest plaguing global plastic treaty negotiations and that have interfered with timely action on other health and environmental issues. They urge the implementation of strict guidelines to prevent the same problems from affecting the UN's upcoming Science Policy Panel on chemicals. Their concerns and recommendations are outlined in a featured paper in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
	Northern peatlands in Finland are still expanding, finds study According to a new study published in Global Change Biology, the area of northern peatlands has grown in recent centuries. Previously, it was thought that the lateral expansion of peatlands in Fennoscandia has halted or significantly slowed, as the flat areas susceptible to peat formation have already turned into peatland.
	'Like breathing poison': Delhi children hardest hit by smog Crying in a hospital bed with a nebuliser mask on his tiny face, one-month-old Ayansh Tiwari has a thick, hacking cough. His doctors blame the acrid air that blights New Delhi every year.
	Iceland's Blue Lagoon spa closes temporarily as earthquakes put area on alert for volcanic eruption The Blue Lagoon geothermal spa—one of Iceland's biggest tourist attractions—closed temporarily as a swarm of earthquakes put the island nation's most populated region on alert for a possible volcanic eruption.
	Significant increase in short-duration extreme precipitation over mountainous areas in China seen under global warming A new study led by Prof. Xiaopeng Cui from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with experts from the National Meteorological Center of China, has uncovered a startling trend of increased short-duration extreme precipitation over mountainous regions in Southwest China. These findings shed light on the pressing issue of climate change and its significant impact on extreme weather events.

Astronomy and Space news

	TESS detects new cataclysmic variable system of a rare type An international team of astronomers reports the discovery of a new variable system using NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The newfound object, designated TIC 378898110, is an AM Canum Venaticorum binary star—a rare type of a cataclysmic variable. The finding was presented in a paper published November 2 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Milky Way-like galaxy found in the early universe Using the James Webb Space Telescope, an international team, including astronomer Alexander de la Vega of the University of California, Riverside, has discovered the most distant barred spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way that has been observed to date.
	Subglacial water could extend the classical habitable zone of exoplanets, says study Professor Amri Wandel, from Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has unveiled research that promises to redefine our comprehension of habitable exoplanets. In a recent study published in The Astronomical Journal, Professor Wandel introduces the concept of subglacial liquid water as a pivotal element in broadening the boundaries of the conventional habitable zone.
	Webb and Hubble combine to create most colorful view of universe NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope have united to study an expansive galaxy cluster known as MACS0416. The resulting panchromatic image combines visible and infrared light to assemble one of the most comprehensive views of the universe ever taken. Located about 4.3 billion light-years from Earth, MACS0416 is a pair of colliding galaxy clusters that will eventually combine to form an even bigger cluster.
	Glow in the visible range detected for the first time in the Martian night A scientific team led by researchers from the Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics (LPAP) at the University of Liège (BE) has just observed, for the first time, lights in the night sky over Mars using the UVIS-NOMAD instrument on board the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA).
	Juno mission finds Jupiter's winds penetrate in cylindrical layers Gravity data collected by NASA's Juno mission indicates Jupiter's atmospheric winds penetrate the planet in a cylindrical manner, parallel to its spin axis. A paper on the findings was recently published in the journal Nature Astronomy.
	Astronomers use Webb data to measure rapid increase in oxygen in the early universe Using new data from the James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have measured the abundance of oxygen in the early universe. The findings, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series and posted to the arXiv preprint server, show that the amount of oxygen in galaxies increased rapidly within 500–700 million years after the birth of the universe, and has remained as abundant as observed in modern galaxies since then. This early appearance of oxygen indicates that the elements necessary for life were present earlier than expected.
	New study finds lunar swirls linked to topography Lunar swirls have been traditionally considered to be unaffected by topographic changes, but a new study shows a correlation between the two. Lunar swirls are high-albedo markings on the moon that occur in both mare—dark, level basalt plains—and the bright highland terrains; their origin remains a point of debate.
	Water on asteroid Ryugu's parent found to have shaped distribution of its elements A large international team of space scientists, geochemists, and engineers, has found that water that existed on the parent of Ryugu had an impact on the distribution of elements on the asteroid. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes how they compared two isotopes of both chromium and titanium and what the differences they found told them about Ryugu's history of exposure to water before it broke away from its parent body.
	How we're building the world's biggest optical telescope to crack some of the greatest puzzles in science Astronomers get to ask some of the most fundamental questions there are, ranging from whether we're alone in the cosmos to what the nature of the mysterious dark energy and dark matter making up most of the universe is.
	What can slime mold teach us about the universe? What can slime molds tell us about the large-scale structure of the universe and the evolution of galaxies? These things might seem incongruous, yet both are part of nature, and Earthly slime molds seem to have something to tell us about the universe itself. Vast filaments of gas threading their way through the universe have a lot in common with slime molds and their tubular networks.
	Construction on NASA mission to map 450 million galaxies is under way NASA's SPHEREx space telescope is beginning to look much like it will when it arrives in Earth orbit and starts mapping the entire sky. Short for Specto-Photometer for the History of the universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer, SPHEREx resembles a bullhorn, albeit one that will stand almost 8.5 feet tall (2.6 meters) and stretch nearly 10.5 feet (3.2 meters) wide. Giving the observatory its distinctive shape are its cone-shaped photon shields, which are being assembled in a clean room at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.
	Image: NASA sounding rocket launches into Alaskan aurora A sounding rocket launched from Poker Flat Research Range in Fairbanks, Alaska, Nov. 8, 2023, carrying NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center's DISSIPATION mission. The rocket launched into aurora and successfully captured data to understand how auroras heat the atmosphere and cause high-altitude winds.

Technology news

	A machine learning–based tool to model phase-change memory materials Computer simulations can greatly contribute to the study of new promising materials for technological applications. These include so-called phase-change materials (PCMs), substances that release or absorb thermal energy while melting and solidifying, which are promising for the development of memory components.
	Honeybee behavior as a model for decision-making in a kilobot swarm Researchers at the University of Barcelona have made a sweet discovery: Honeybees make great subjects when studying the dynamic of group behavior and decision-making.
	Researchers develop low-cost and multifunctional microprinter for ultrafast piezoelectric material printing A research team led by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) has developed a microprinter that can print piezoelectric films 100 times faster for the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for sensors, wearable or implantable medical devices, offering the possibility to lower the mass production costs.
	Molecular engineering advances lithium-metal batteries, paving the way for safer, more powerful devices The boom in phones, laptops and other personal devices over the last few decades has been made possible by the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, but as climate change demands more powerful batteries for electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable storage, lithium-ion technology might not be enough.
	New algorithm finds failures and fixes in autonomous systems, from drone teams to power grids From vehicle collision avoidance to airline scheduling systems to power supply grids, many of the services we rely on are managed by computers. As these autonomous systems grow in complexity and ubiquity, so too could the ways in which they fail.
	New AI noise-canceling headphone technology lets wearers pick which sounds they hear Most anyone who's used noise-canceling headphones knows that hearing the right noise at the right time can be vital. Someone might want to erase car horns when working indoors, but not when walking along busy streets. Yet people can't choose what sounds their headphones cancel.
	How to use AI for discovery without leading science astray Over the past decade, AI has permeated nearly every corner of science: Machine learning models have been used to predict protein structures, estimate the fraction of the Amazon rainforest that has been lost to deforestation and even classify faraway galaxies that might be home to exoplanets.
	Developing 'indoor solar' to power the Internet of Things From Wi-Fi-connected home security systems to smart toilets, the so-called Internet of Things brings personalization and convenience to devices that help run homes. But with that comes tangled electrical cords or batteries that need to be replaced. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied Energy Materials have brought solar panel technology indoors to power smart devices. They show which photovoltaic (PV) systems work best under cool white LEDs, a common type of indoor lighting.
	Indonesia inaugurates Southeast Asia's largest floating solar farm Indonesia inaugurated a $100 million floating solar farm on Thursday, the largest in Southeast Asia, as it seeks more opportunities to transition to green, renewable energy.
	Disney+ adds subscribers amid cost-cutting campaign Disney's streaming service has attracted nearly seven million new subscribers, the company said Wednesday, reversing a period of decline that had raised doubts about its rivalry with industry leader Netflix.
	Generative AI explained A quick scan of the headlines makes it seem like generative artificial intelligence is everywhere these days. In fact, some of those headlines may actually have been written by generative AI, like OpenAI's ChatGPT, a chatbot that has demonstrated an uncanny ability to produce text that seems to have been written by a human.
	AI startup Anthropic to use Google chips in expanded partnership Artificial intelligence startup Anthropic will be one of the first companies to use new chips from Alphabet Inc."s Google, deepening their partnership after a recent cloud computing agreement.
	How to never get a speeding fine again, and maybe save a child's life What if our cars didn't allow us to speed? Or, at least, strongly encouraged us not to speed?
	41 US states are suing Meta for getting teens hooked on social media: Here's what to expect next In the United States, 41 states have filed lawsuits against Meta for allegedly driving social media addiction in its young users (under the age of 18), amid growing concerns about the negative effects of platforms.
	Internet of Things: Tech firms have become digital landlords, but people are starting to fight back From smart toasters to fitness collars for dogs, we live in a world where everything around us is gradually being connected to the internet and fitted with sensors so that we can interact with them online.
	General aviation sector grounded by red tape and sky-high costs, says research Red tape, over-regulation, spiraling costs and a vacuum of government policy are putting significant pressure on the general aviation sector in Australia, according to a survey of industry chiefs.
	Fresh water is a hidden challenge, and opportunity, for global supply chains Reports of lengthy shipping delays for vessels traveling through the Panama Canal this year have highlighted the critical but often overlooked role that fresh water plays across global supply chains. Drier than normal conditions in Panama, brought on by El Niño, have left the region drought-stricken and water levels in the locks that feed the canal lower than normal. This has led to fewer ships being able to pass through the canal each day: only 31 ships currently, compared with 36 to 38 under normal conditions. This means longer waits to move products through the canal and onto store shelves.
	Concrete versus asphalt for Nigeria's roads: which is better? Nigeria's new works minister, David Umahi, is pushing for the use of rigid pavement in road construction, as against the flexible pavement predominantly in use. This, as the minister noted, is due to the precarious state of flexible pavements in the country.
	Deep learning-based system paves the way for efficient battery health assessment As the electric vehicle market continues to surge, the assessment of used batteries has become increasingly crucial. A team of researchers, led by Professor Donghyuk Kim and Professor Yunseok Choi in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST, along with Professor Hankwon Lim of the Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality at UNIST, has developed DeepSUGAR to help with this challenge.
	How human faces can teach androids to smile Robots able to display human emotion have long been a mainstay of science fiction stories. Now, Japanese researchers have been studying the mechanical details of real human facial expressions to bring those stories closer to reality.
	EU court advisor deals blow to Apple in Ireland tax case The European Court of Justice's top legal advisor recommended Thursday scrapping a previous Apple victory against Brussels in a 13-billion-euro ($14-billion) tax case, a blow to the iPhone-maker in a long-running legal saga.
	Replacing cement with slag in concrete manufacture to reduce its climate footprint The addition of slag has been shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from concrete manufacture by more than 95%. Researchers have now discovered that the concrete delivers.
	Study probes risks to power plants from electromagnetic pulse Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have been leading a project to understand how a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse, or EMP, could threaten power plants.
	Understanding the dynamic behavior of rubber materials Rubber-like materials, commonly used in dampeners, possess a unique property known as dynamic viscoelasticity, enabling them to convert mechanical energy from vibrations into heat while simultaneously exhibiting spring-like and flow-like behaviors. Customization of these materials is possible by blending them with compounds of specific molecular structures, depending on the dynamic viscosity requirements.
	Neutron imaging offers unique perspective for observation of different states of matter within lithium batteries Lithium batteries, recognized as vital energy storage solutions, have become essential to contemporary living. Nevertheless, as modern industry advances rapidly, lithium batteries are challenged to keep pace with demands for enhanced energy density, extended cycle life, and heightened safety performance.
	Glasses use sonar, AI to interpret upper body poses in 3D Throughout history, sonar's distinctive "ping" has been used to map oceans, spot enemy submarines, and find sunken ships. Today, a variation of that technology—in miniature form, developed by Cornell researchers—is proving to be a game-changer in wearable body-sensing technology.
	Ultrafast lasers on ultra-tiny chips Lasers have become relatively commonplace in everyday life, but they have many uses outside of providing light shows at raves and scanning barcodes on groceries. Lasers are also of great importance in telecommunications and computing as well as biology, chemistry, and physics research.
	Sony raises annual forecast despite Hollywood strikes, PS5 woes Japanese electronics titan Sony lifted its full-year net profit and sales forecasts on Thursday, citing strength in the company's gaming, music and image-sensor sectors.
	Australia launches investigation into major telecoms outage Australia's government on Thursday launched an investigation into a nationwide communications outage that crippled phone lines and severed internet access for 10 million customers.
	Dallas approves more than $2 million in IT security as county investigates cyberattack The Dallas City Council has approved two agreements totaling nearly $2.7 million to shore up the city's IT security, while Dallas County officials try to determine if sensitive information stolen by hackers last month has been leaked online.
	EU opens probe into TikTok, YouTube over child protection The EU announced investigations on Thursday into YouTube and TikTok to find out what action the US and Chinese-owned platforms are taking to ensure the safety of minors.
	Five things to know about the blockbuster GTA games Rockstar Games, the studio behind the blockbuster Grand Theft Auto series, has said it will release the trailer for the next installment in December, setting the gaming world abuzz.

Chemistry news

	Atom-by-atom solvation recorded for the first time A team of chemists and physicists at Aarhus University, in Denmark, working with a colleague from Universitat de Barcelona, in Spain, has recorded atom-by-atom solvation for the first time. In their study, published in the journal Nature, the group designed a process to manipulate sodium and xenon atoms with a droplet of helium at very cold temperatures to capture what they describe as snapshots of the solvation process over time. Combined, these produce a movie depicting the action. A Research Briefing on the work has been published in the same journal issue.
	Chemists image basic blocks of synthetic polymers Synthetic polymers are everywhere in our society—from nylon and polyester clothing to Teflon cookware and epoxy glue. At the molecular level, these polymers' molecules are made of long chains of monomer building blocks, the complexity of which increases functionality in many such materials.
	Q&A: Research improves understanding of particle interactions for better material design Toothpaste has a hard job. Not only does it have to perform essential functions like scrubbing that coffee residue from your pearly whites, but it also must stay in the tube, exit smoothly under pressure and balance on a bunch of bristles without running all over the bathroom sink.
	New authentication method for the identification of β-sitosterol in edible oils In a study published in the journal Food Quality and Safety on 23 August 2023, researchers from Zhejiang University introduced a methodology designed to scrutinize the levels of β-sitosterol present in edible oils.
	Pushing the limits of gas sensing technology The world has become increasingly industrialized over the past few centuries, bringing all sorts of technology and conveniences to the masses. However, workers in industrial environments are often at risk of exposure to many dangerous gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Inhaling this gas can lead to serious respiratory diseases like asthma and bronchitis, and severely compromise the health of industrial workers. Constant monitoring of NO2 levels is thus needed to ensure a safe workplace.
	Review of carbon dioxide electroreduction in acid CO2 electroreduction is a promising technique to convert renewable electricity and CO2 to high-value fuels and chemicals. Selectivity, energy efficiency, carbon efficiency, and sustainability are the criteria for CO2 electroreduction techniques suitable for industrial applications.

Biology news

	Forests with multiple tree species are 70% more effective as carbon sinks than monoculture forests, study finds To slow the effects of climate change, conserve biodiversity, and meet the sustainable development goals, replanting trees is vital. Restored forests store carbon within the forest's soil, shrubs, and trees. Mixed forests are especially effective at carbon storage, as different species with complementary traits can increase overall carbon storage.
	Signs of wear on mosasaurs' teeth show they were picky eaters who liked seafood The cradle of paleontology—the study of fossil remains of animals and plants—lies in the Maastricht limestones, where the first Mosasaurus was discovered in 1766. The Dutch-Belgian border area around the Limburg capital is one of the best-explored areas in the world where Cretaceous rocks are concerned; the Cretaceous era that came to an abrupt end 66 million years ago.
	Barnacle bends shape to fend off warm-water sea snails on the move, study shows Some barnacles are 'morphing' to protect themselves from predatory warm-water sea snails, which are expanding into their territory due to climate change.
	Study elucidates poorly understood sperm structure, providing insight on infertility Michigan State University researchers have solved the mystery of a poorly understood sperm structure called the cytoplasmic droplet, or CD. The CD is an expanded cytoplasm—watery, gel-like cell contents enclosed by cell membrane—found close to the head, at the neck of the sperm, in all mammals, including humans. This new genetic model is the first of its kind.
	Bacteria-virus arms race provides rare window into rapid and complex evolution As conceived by Charles Darwin in the 1800s, evolution is a slow, gradual process during which species adaptations are inherited incrementally over generations. However, today biologists can see how evolutionary changes unfold on much more accelerated timescales.
	New Kenyan volcano toad species reveals hidden evolution of African amphibians A remarkable discovery in the high forests of Mount Kenya has unveiled a new species of toad, known as the Kenyan volcano toad (Kenyaphrynoides vulcani). This finding is shedding light on the mysterious evolutionary history of amphibians in East Africa and challenging previous notions about the biogeographical history of the region.
	Deep-sea pressure found to preserve food for microbes in the abyss A new study from the Danish Center for Hadal Research reports on a series of experiments with exposing marine snow to increasing pressure—up to 1000 bar, which corresponds to the pressure at the bottom of some of the world's deep-sea trenches, 10 km below the sea surface.
	Researchers develop light-activated protein superglue for fast and precise control of cells and tissues Researchers at Tampere University have been involved in an international study to develop new tools for the light-activated control of cells. These tools are especially welcome for understanding processes where a fast initial signal leads to long-term changes in cell or tissue function. The modular Lego brick-like structure makes the tools widely applicable in the study of diverse cellular functions.
	Poison dart frogs: Personality determines reproductive strategies, research suggests Unlike their relatives, individuals of the poison frog Allobates femoralis are not poisonous but are captivating due to their different behavioral profiles: They successfully reproduce with different strategies depending on whether they are bold, aggressive or explorative. In addition, certain character traits are already present in this species at the tadpole stage. This is shown in two recently published studies by the University of Bern.
	New simulation program offers way to build microbial cell factories quickly and efficiently As climate change and environmental concerns intensify, sustainable microbial cell factories garner significant attention as candidates to replace chemical plants. To develop microorganisms to be used in the microbial cell factories, it is crucial to modify their metabolic processes to induce efficient target chemical production by modulating its gene expressions.
	Team creates synthetic enzymes to unravel molecular mysteries A University of Texas at Dallas bioengineer has developed synthetic enzymes that can control the behavior of the signaling protein Vg1, which plays a key role in the development of muscle, bone, and blood in vertebrate embryos.
	New way to count microbes speeds research, cuts waste, could lead to new antibiotics University of Colorado Boulder researchers have developed a new way of counting microorganisms that works as much as 36 times faster than conventional methods, cuts plastic use more than 15-fold, and substantially decreases the cost and carbon footprint of biomedical research.
	Study explores limits of DNA structure and function, may expand use of modified DNA in medicine A team led by Professor Michal Hocek at IOCB Prague has explored the limits of the structure and function of DNA and successfully pushed forward known boundaries. Their latest research has just been published in Nucleic Acids Research.
	Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides detected in New York state beeswax An analysis of beeswax in managed honeybee hives in New York found a wide variety of pesticide, herbicide and fungicide residues—exposing current and future generations of bees to long-term toxicity.
	Study reveals bacterial protein capable of keeping human cells healthy Researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil, partnering with colleagues in Australia, have identified a novel bacterial protein that can keep human cells healthy even when the cells have a heavy bacterial burden. The discovery could lead to new treatments for a wide array of diseases relating to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as cancer and auto-immune disorders. Mitochondria are organelles that supply most of the chemical energy needed to power cells' biochemical reactions.
	Hummingbirds' unique sideways flutter gets them through small apertures Most birds that flit through dense, leafy forests have a strategy for maneuvering through tight windows in the vegetation—they bend their wings at the wrist or elbow and barrel through.
	Endangered Galapagos tortoises suffer from human waste: Study Endangered giant Galapagos tortoises continue to swallow plastic and other human waste despite a ban on disposable plastic items in the Ecuadoran archipelago, according to a study published Wednesday.
	'Miniature' mountain creature with 'squeaker'-like call discovered as new species A "squeaker"-like sound pierced the air of a mountain forest in Rwanda. The call came from a "miniature" creature sitting on the forest floor. Scientists found the source of the sound—and discovered a new species.
	To study competition and cross-feeding, scientists build synthetic microbiomes In nature, microbes exist in complex relationships with large numbers of other microbial species in communities called microbiomes. The complexity of these microbiomes makes it difficult for scientists to study and predict microbes' interactions. That's why scientists use custom assemblies of microbes called synthetic communities to closely study microbial feedbacks, such as competition and cross-feeding. Cross-feeding involves microbes producing nutrients that other microbes in the environment use and vice versa.
	Researchers generate live-birth chimeric monkey using embryonic stem cells A new study has reported the generation of a live-birth chimeric monkey using a high contribution of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This research was completed by Dr. Liu Zhen's research team and Dr. Sun Qiang's research team at the Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and by Dr. Miguel A. Esteban's research team at the Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health of CAS.
	Fewer insects hitting your car windscreen? Here's why Every summer for almost the last 20 years, volunteers from the Kent Wildlife Trust and Buglife, both in the UK, have been tracking car number plates. But not in the the way you might think. Their inspections aim to register the numbers of flying insects hit by vehicles.
	Are Russian olive trees fueling an invasive species in the San Juan River? The San Juan River, a major tributary of the Colorado River located in the "Four Corners" region of the southwestern United States, is home to two native fish species—the Colorado pikeminnow and the Razorback sucker. Both of these species are federally endangered and are being threatened by an invasive species, the channel catfish.
	Disentangling elements of human activities and invasive parasites on the health of Darwin's finches Human activities like land-use changes and urban development have huge ecosystem impacts. Since organisms are shaped by their surroundings, how do they adapt during these times of upheaval? Answering this question requires looking at many complex and potentially interacting components, including the gut microbiome, which can influence multiple aspects of an organism's health and change in response to external and internal stimuli.
	Climate change causing problems for reindeer, says researcher Reindeer husbandry has always been in a state of change. This is an industry that is used to adapting to the whims of both nature and the authorities. However, both the industry and the reindeer are now facing several challenges related to climate change.
	Biobased mulch spray curbs weeds in vegetable crops Biobased sprayable mulch (BSM) films are a potential alternative to herbicides, polyethylene plastic mulch film, and hand weeding for specialty crops. Researchers at the American Society for Horticultural Science have developed a series of BSM films using locally available biomaterials and tested their effects on weeds and crop yield during a total of seven greenhouse or field trials between 2017 and 2019 in Nebraska, U.S..
	New research exposes humans' early ecological versatility A recent study by University of Helsinki researchers sheds new light on the ecological adaptability of early humans at the time when they first expanded their range outside Africa, from 2 million to 1 million years ago.
	Endangered thick-billed parrots at risk of losing unprotected Sierra Madre forest habitats to logging, deforestation A binational team of scientists, using creativity and innovation, adorned dozens of endangered thick-billed parrots with tiny solar-powered satellite transmitters to track and reveal their winter migratory nesting sites in the remote treetops of the Sierra Madre Occidental ranges. Their research reveals new critical habitat, 80% of which has no formal protection.
	How wealthy countries' research skews our knowledge of plants More extreme weather and large variations in temperature and precipitation: Climate change affects not only humans and animals but also plants. They, too, face significant challenges, and there is increasing interest in creating climate models to calculate how the world´s plants will respond to a changing climate.
	Q&A: Instead of bagging fall leaves, take the lazy way out and get a more environmentally friendly yard Autumn is the season to gaze at gorgeous leaves of gold, yellow and orange as they flutter from the trees and fall on our yards—but then, of course, comes the tedious task of raking them up and trying to decide what to do with them. SciLine interviewed Susan Barton, a professor of plant and soil sciences at the University of Delaware, who says taking a lazy approach is actually a win for your garden and the critters that live there.
	Do you like snakes, lizards and frogs? Why herpetology might be the career for you We are so fortunate to share the world with a huge diversity of creatures. For me, some of the most fascinating are reptiles and amphibians. Collectively called herpetofauna, reptiles and amphibians are ectotherms; they rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature.
	Designing biosecurity plans for hobby farms More and more people are practicing farming because they enjoy the outdoors, animals, and the fruits of their labor as opposed to seeing farming as a primary source of income.
	Study analyzes differences in canine teeth between European and African populations The Dental Anthropology Group at the Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH) has published a study in the journal Anthropological Science, in collaboration with the University of Bordeaux (France) and the University of Pretoria (South Africa), which analyzes the differences between the canines of European and African individuals.

Medicine and Health news

	A breath of fresh air keeps drug-producing cells alive longer In 2021, a Northwestern University-led research team began working to develop an implantable "living pharmacy" to control the human body's sleep/wake cycles. Now, the researchers have completed a major step toward achieving this goal.
	Researchers develop AI algorithm to measure muscle development, provide growth chart for children Leveraging artificial intelligence and the largest pediatric brain MRI dataset to date, researchers have now developed a growth chart for tracking muscle mass in growing children. The new study, led by investigators from Brigham and Women's Hospital, found that their artificial intelligence-based tool is the first to offer a standardized, accurate, and reliable way to assess and track indicators of muscle mass on routine MRI. Their results are published in Nature Communications.
	Almost half of people who use drugs in rural areas were recently incarcerated, new research finds New research finds that almost half of people who use illicit drugs in rural areas have been recently incarcerated.
	First live birth of a chimeric monkey using embryonic stem cell lines A team of researchers in China has reported for the first time the live birth of a monkey that contains a high proportion of cells derived from a monkey stem cell line. This "chimeric" monkey is composed of cells that originate from two genetically distinct embryos of the same species of monkey. This has previously been demonstrated in rats and mice but, until now, has not been possible in other species, including non-human primates. The details of the research are reported November 9 in the journal Cell.
	Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts may protect against colitis in inflammatory bowel disease High fiber diets, like those that include broccoli sprouts or other cruciferous vegetables, may reduce disease symptoms and improve quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), according to a study conducted in mice. The study was published in mSystems.
	Researchers identify previously unknown step in cholesterol absorption in the gut UCLA researchers have described a previously unknown step in the complex process by which dietary cholesterol is processed in the intestines before being released into the bloodstream—potentially revealing a new pathway to target in cholesterol treatment.
	The autism-linked gene SYNGAP1 could impact early stages of human brain development, study reveals The gene SYNGAP1, the variants of which are top risk factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), has previously unappreciated effects on the developing brain, according to a new study published in Nature Neuroscience. The study shows how disease-causing variants of SYNGAP1, thought primarily to affect synapses between mature neurons, could disrupt early development in a key region of the brain known as the cortex.
	Research discovers master regulator of the dark genome greatly improves cancer T-cell therapy Researchers at Duke University have adapted CRISPR technologies for high-throughput screening of gene function in human immune cells and discovered that a single master regulator of the genome can be used to reprogram a network of thousands of genes in T cells and greatly enhance cancer cell killing.
	Study reveals the structure of brain waves associated with memory consolidation The reactivation of patterns of neuronal activity based on experience is crucial for learning and memory, but these patterns and the associated brain waves vary widely and are difficult to classify. Such events, dubbed ripples, are characteristic of the hippocampus, a brain region responsible for memory.
	First-ever crowd-sourced small molecule discovery and a potent SARS-CoV-2 antiviral lead compound The work of the COVID Moonshot Consortium has been published in the journal Science revealing their discovery of a potent SARS-CoV-2 antiviral lead compound. It also reflects on the success of its open science approach in launching a patent-free antiviral discovery program to rapidly develop a differentiated lead in response to a pandemic emergency.
	Side-effect avoiding treatment shows early promise against breast cancer in mice New experimental evidence suggests that substances known as narrow-spectrum Wnt signaling inhibitors—which could have fewer side effects than other related substances—are capable of suppressing the growth of breast cancer tumors in mice. Aina He of Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China, and colleagues presented these findings November 9 in the open access journal PLOS Biology.
	187 new genetic variants linked to prostate cancer found in largest, most diverse study of its kind A globe-spanning scientific team has compiled the most comprehensive list of genetic variants associated with prostate cancer risk—451 in all—through a whole-genome analysis that ranks as the largest and most diverse investigation into prostate cancer genetics yet.
	Multinational study confirms association between CT scans in young people and increased risk of cancer A multinational study of almost one million individuals confirms a strong and clear association between exposure to radiation from CT scans in young people and an increased risk of blood cancers. This is the main conclusion of the analyses led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) in the EPI-CT study.
	Reducing vitamin B5 slows breast cancer growth in mice A group of researchers led by the Francis Crick Institute, working with the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and Imperial College London, have discovered that breast cancer cells expressing a cancer-driving gene heavily rely on vitamin B5 to grow and survive. The researchers are part of Cancer Grand Challenges team Rosetta.
	How interactions between tumor genes and microenvironment influence treatment response in multiple myeloma A multicenter study led by researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine shows how interactions between tumor cells and immune components of the microenvironment can impact treatment responses and outcomes in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma who undergo combination treatments that include targeted immunotherapy.
	A (brief) surprise in study of alcohol, caffeine and sleep The first known study to look at the combined real-world effects of alcohol and caffeine on nightly sleep quality and quantity came up with an unexpected finding—at first.
	Study suggests extracellular space in the brain influences sleep, movement and behavior The brain contains billions of nerve cells controlling our thoughts, behavior and movements. But in fact, up to 20% of the brain is a mystery to scientists. This is the so-called extracellular space, that is, the environment that surrounds every brain cell. It is a microenvironment surrounding neurons, glial cells and blood vessels. The space acts as a channel for communication allowing substances such as dopamine and proteins to travel between brain cells.
	Pathologic scoring shows promise for assessing lung tumor therapy response A new pathologic scoring system that accurately assesses how much lung tumor is left after a patient receives presurgical cancer treatments can be used to predict survival, according to new research led by investigators at the Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and the Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging at the Johns Hopkins University.
	Population DNA screening for multiple diseases would save lives and be cost effective: Study Offering population-wide genetic screening for risk of deadly but preventable diseases to young adults would save lives and be cost-effective in Australia, a Monash University-led study has found.
	Study shows children's antibodies are highly potent against COVID-19 Children are an underutilized source of potential antibody therapies to counteract the "ever-evolving" COVID-19 pandemic, according to researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
	Researchers decipher the mechanism by which the MAF protein promotes breast cancer metastasis Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women, with more than 2 million new cases diagnosed each year. In cases where the tumor remains localized in the breast, survival rates are remarkably high, at around 90%. However, the spread of cancer cells beyond breast tissue and the formation of metastases in other organs dramatically worsens the prognosis and poses significant challenges.
	US surgeons perform world's first whole eye transplant A team of surgeons in New York has performed the world's first transplant of an entire eye in a procedure widely hailed as a medical breakthrough, although it isn't yet known whether the man will ever see through the donated eye.
	Drug screen points toward novel diabetes treatments A drug currently in clinical trials as a cancer therapy can also stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin, revealing a previously unknown mechanism for insulin regulation in type 2 diabetes, according to a new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators. The preclinical discovery, reported in Nature Chemical Biology, provides a new chemical tool for probing the biology of diabetes, and could point the way toward better treatments for the disease.
	Left-handers don't have better spatial skills, gaming research shows It's been debated for decades, but now researchers at the University of York and University College London have suggested that left-handedness is not linked to better spatial skills.
	Exploring how the human brain takes stock of blame The human mind does not like to make mistakes—and makes time to avoid repeating them. A new study from University of Iowa researchers shows how the human brain, in just one second, can distinguish between an outcome caused by human error and one in which the person is not directly to blame.
	Smartphones and smart speakers may be able to detect alcohol intoxication by analyzing voice patterns, says study Sensors in smartphones and smart speakers could help determine a person's level of alcohol intoxication based on the changes in their voice, according to a new study in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.
	People with advanced breast cancer forced out of work with a cost to themselves and economy, says research The majority of people living with advanced breast cancer give up working against their will, according to research presented at the Advanced Breast Cancer Seventh International Consensus Conference (ABC 7).
	Umbilical cord milking appears to be safe in preterm infants born after 28 weeks A treatment to move blood from the umbilical cord into an infant's body may provide a safe option for preterm infants born after 28 weeks who need rapid support, suggests a study supported by the National Institutes of Health. The procedure, called umbilical cord milking, involves gently squeezing the cord between the thumb and forefinger and pushing the blood into the newborn's abdomen.
	Allergic responses to common foods could significantly increase risk of heart disease, cardiovascular death: Study Sensitivity to common food allergens such as dairy and peanuts could be an important and previously unappreciated cause of heart disease, new research suggests—and the increased risk for cardiovascular death includes people without obvious food allergies.
	Latest results from clinical trial show patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer live longer on pyrotinib Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer that has started to spread to other parts of the body survive for longer if they are treated with a new drug called pyrotinib, according to results from the longest follow-up of the PHOEBE randomized clinical trial in China.
	2021 to 2022 saw 5% decline in overall fetal mortality rate The overall U.S. fetal mortality rate decreased by 5% between 2021 and 2022, according to a November Vital Statistics Rapid Release report, a publication from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	What makes us human? Researchers uncover clues behind brain evolution The human brain is three times bigger than a chimp's and more spherical than a Neanderthal's. Within a maze of bumps and grooves, neurons converse in distinct patterns that give humans unique cognitive abilities.
	Special toothpaste may lower risk of allergic reactions for adults with peanut allergy Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy—introducing small amounts of peanut over a period of time to cause less of a reaction if the person eats something with peanut—has been used by allergists for years to help desensitize those with peanut allergy.
	Eliminating mold after natural disasters is vital for those with mold allergy, says research Severe weather events such as hurricanes, floods and extreme precipitation have increased in recent years and are projected to become more frequent. With those events can come a surge in growth of mold throughout houses and residences.
	Survey: 72% of eczema patients suffered poor mental health symptoms for 1–10 days in past month People who suffer with atopic dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema, have an increased likelihood of developing depression and anxiety, which is made worse when additional allergic symptoms are present.
	Flaxseed allergy appearing more frequently—present in foods and other substances Flaxseed is an increasingly popular ingredient in baked goods and other food products due to its perceived health benefits. It is even used as a substitute for egg in some recipes.
	New study examines potential factors related to the development of adult-onset food allergy It's estimated that 33 million Americans have food allergies (FAs), including 5.6 million children under age 18. The cause of FAs is unknown, although researchers and FA experts have ruled out some common theories of how they develop.
	Language barriers may cause some children to be underdiagnosed for allergic conditions About 20% of the US population speaks a language other than English when they are at home. The abundance of languages spoken in the United States can pose barriers for some allergy and asthma patients to receive appropriate care.
	Survey reveals 42% of primary care physicians are unfamiliar with biologics to treat asthma Biologics for the treatment of asthma were first introduced about 20 years ago. Since then, more and more people with asthma have found them to be an effective treatment in getting their symptoms under control.
	How accurate is ChatGPT at rating common allergy myths? Pretty accurate, says research Artificial intelligence language models such as ChatGPT are increasingly being used in many different professions, and medicine is not an exception.
	New study suggests gargling with salt water may be associated with lower COVID hospitalization As COVID and its health effects move into a fourth year, those who become infected may be searching for remedies to improve their respiratory symptoms and keep them out of the hospital.
	Study shows children with private insurance more likely to outgrow food allergies Some children will outgrow a food allergy, but how this happens is not well understood. A new study being presented at the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Annual Scientific Meeting in Anaheim, Calif. shows that children with private insurance are more likely to outgrow food allergies than children who use public insurance.
	AI model can accurately diagnose and triage health conditions, without introducing racial and ethnic biases GPT-4 conversational artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to diagnose and triage health conditions comparable to that provided by board-certified physicians, and its performance does not vary by patient race and ethnicity.
	Prospects continue to improve for people with MS, but disease management in older adults presents challenges The past five years have seen significant advancements in diagnosing and treating multiple sclerosis (MS), but challenges remain—especially among patients who are living longer, a result of more effective treatments—according to a new paper published in The Lancet by University at Buffalo researchers.
	Extensive analysis shows link between mental and physical health New research, led by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) in collaboration with the University of Cambridge's Biomedical Research Centre, involved an extensive analysis of 19 different studies, encompassing data from 194,123 psychiatric patients across the world, with a comparison to 7,660,590 individuals in control groups.
	'News overload': How a constant stream of violent images affects your brain In May 1097, during the siege of Nicaea, crusaders catapulted the severed heads of prisoners over the walls surrounding the city, with the aim of terrorizing their enemy. The strategy worked. On June 19 of the year the crusaders captured the city.
	Brain imaging identifies biomarkers of mental illness Research and treatment of psychiatric disorders are stymied by a lack of biomarkers—objective biological or physiological markers that can help diagnose, track, predict, and treat diseases. In a new study, researchers use a very large dataset to identify predictive brain imaging-based biomarkers of mental illness in adolescents. The work appears in Biological Psychiatry.
	Study suggests lower extremity lymphedema is a risk factor for multiple types of skin cancer New research from Mayo Clinic finds that patients with lymphedema—swelling of the limbs caused by the accumulation of protein-rich fluids of the immune system—had twice the risk of developing skin cancer than patients without lymphedema.
	Breast cancer prevention drug approved for post-menopausal women in the UK. Here's how it works A drug that can halve the risk of developing breast cancer in post-menopausal women has been approved for use in the UK. This drug, called anastrozole, could benefit an estimated 289,000 women in the UK who are at increased risk of breast cancer.
	Do you think you have a penicillin allergy? You might be wrong Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest global threats to health, food security and development. This month, The Conversation's experts explore how we got here and the potential solutions.
	Ketamine can rapidly reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression, new study finds The drug ketamine can reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, and symptoms of depression in patients as early as a day after injection. That is the key finding of my team's new meta-analysis, just published in the journal Annals of Pharmacotherapy.
	Can HIV be cured using gene editing? We may soon find out HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first identified in 1983. To catch this virus was initially a death sentence, but today, thanks to antiretroviral drugs, it can be kept in check. However, there is still no cure.
	Three-dimensional label-free morphology of CD8+ T cells as a sepsis biomarker Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates due to the complex and variable immune response. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are essential. Existing biomarkers such as CRP and PCT have limitations, including delayed responses. Efforts to address this delay include using RNA levels and single-cell sequencing, but these methods are time-consuming.
	Compounds found in seaweed may reduce a serious digestive-tract illness Roberto Saldana was 16 when he developed severe stomach pain and diarrhea, but two more years would pass before he was diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD.
	Q&A: Five things you didn't realize you need to know about perimenopause In case you missed it, perimenopause is in the news.
	Understanding the role of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in managing diabetes and obesity Scientists led by Dr. Timo Müller from Helmholtz Munich and the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) have now discovered that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) decreases body weight by interacting with specific inhibitory neurons in the brain. These new findings are published in Nature Metabolism.
	AAO: Diabetic retinopathy usually no worse with semaglutide in T2D For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, most eyes have no worsening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) after initiation of semaglutide, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, held from Nov. 3 to 6 in San Francisco.
	UN report warns that working in the sun causes skin cancers New data from two United Nations agencies shows that millions of workers toiling under the sun's glare is fueling skin cancer cases around the world.
	Concurrent RNA and DNA sequencing improves variant detection Performing RNA sequencing concurrently with DNA sequencing improves detection of novel variants and classification of existing variants, according to a study published online Nov. 4 in JAMA Oncology to coincide with the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, held from Nov. 1 to 5 in Washington, D.C.
	COVID-linked loss of smell, taste found to resolve by 3 years after infection There's good news for folks who lost some of their sense of taste and smell after a bout of mild COVID: New research shows this side effect largely resolves by three years after infection.
	AAO: Research highlights vision issues seen in pediatric sickle cell disease For pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), ophthalmologic complications include nonproliferative retinopathy (NPR) and proliferative retinopathy (PR), which occur in 33 and 6 percent, respectively, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, held from Nov. 3 to 6 in San Francisco.
	Wegovy, Ozempic probably won't harm vision in people with diabetes, study finds There's good news for people with diabetes who are turning to drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy to treat their disease and lose weight: The drugs probably will not harm their vision.
	Coadministration of COVID-19, influenza vaccines seems effective Coadministration of the BNT162b2 BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2-biv) and seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) generally has similar effectiveness against COVID-19- and SIV-related outcomes compared with administration of each vaccine alone, according to a study published online Nov. 8 in JAMA Network Open.
	Botulinum toxin may be beneficial for isolated, essential head tremor For patients with isolated or essential head tremor, injection of botulinum toxin into each splenius capitis muscle on day 0 and during week 12 is more effective than placebo for reducing tremor severity, according to a study published in the Nov. 9 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Small acts of kindness make most Americans feel better, poll finds As the holiday season approaches, most Americans say that small acts of kindness make them feel better, and that is true for both giving and receiving those acts. And acts of kindness were happening: in the past three months, 93% of Americans reported having done something kind, including 69% who had said hello to a stranger, 68% who reported holding a door open for someone, and 65% who had given someone a compliment. Among other options surveyed:
	Women produce skin temperature data that is just as predictable as men Women produce physiological data that is just as predictable as men, at least when it comes to skin temperature. This might seem like common sense, but variations in body signals due to menstrual cycles, such as temperature, were used as an excuse to keep women out of clinical studies for decades.
	Team calls for more research into the emotional and motivational brain mechanisms behind social media use With nearly 5 billion users worldwide spending an average of more than two hours daily on platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook, the impact of social media on mental health and well-being has garnered increasing attention. Concerns about excessive and problematic usage, particularly among vulnerable adolescents, have led to discussions around terms such as "brain hacking," "dopamine trigger," and "social media addiction." However, there is limited scientific understanding of the relationship between social media and the brain.
	Q&A: Drug shortages, lack of action to blame in congenital syphilis crisis, public health expert says Cases of STIs—sexually transmitted infections—are at epidemic levels in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Administration of testosterone may help with exposure therapy for those with social anxiety disorder People with social anxiety disorder who receive exposure therapy may potentially benefit from testosterone administration. This is the conclusion of research by Moniek Hutschemaekers, who will be defending her Ph.D. thesis at Radboud University on 10 November.
	Amazon takes another shot at health care, this one a virtual care service that costs $9 per month Amazon is taking another shot at becoming a regular health care source for customers with the launch of a service centered on virtual care.
	How digital health may shore up pandemic preparedness Arguments are still raging about how humanity could have been better prepared for COVID-19. Indeed, politicians who chose different approaches to handling the emerging viral pandemic and especially those who had abandoned the scientific plans that were in place even before we had named the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 are still being lambasted by their critics, patient advocacy groups and those with a post-pandemic grievance.
	Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults found to have second-highest cardiovascular death rate in the US Separating mortality data for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults from Asian American adults reveals large differences in how cardiovascular disease affects these populations, according to a new analysis.
	Bone scans overstage prostate cancer at initial staging compared with PSMA PET: Study Bone scans have been found to overstage prostate cancer at initial staging compared to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET, according to new research published in the November issue of the Journal of Nuclear Medicine. The significant false-positive rate of metastases on bone scans means that definitive therapy for local disease may have been withheld from patients inappropriately.
	Clinical trial data suggests prenatal vitamin D reduces a child's risk of asthma A review of 15 years' worth of data from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART) found that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy reduced rates of asthma and wheezing in children compared to standard prenatal multivitamin
	Battling aspergillus: The synergistic power of statin combinations Pulmonary aspergillosis—a group of infectious respiratory diseases caused by various species of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus—has a significant mortality rate globally. Currently, the first-line antifungal therapy in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is azoles, which belong to a class of antifungal drugs.
	Education is linked to heart health decades later, study finds Formal education typically occurs in early life, and yet its ramification for cardiovascular health may last for decades, according to study by University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine researchers and published in JAMA Cardiology.
	Growth-restricted babies and asphyxia: Cardiovascular impacts The health effects of fetal growth restriction (FGR) can last a lifetime, and the latest research from Hudson Institute is showing just how pervasive those effects can be on the cardiovascular system.
	Q&A: Down syndrome associated with serious respiratory complications People with Down syndrome are more likely than the general population to develop serious respiratory infections. Often, symptoms are so severe that patients require hospitalization. As respiratory season moves in, researchers on campus are working to understand what unique genetic factors may contribute to this problem.
	Vigorous exercise, rigorous science: What scientists learned from firefighters in training Eleven young firefighters went through a rigorous training exercise, carrying up to 40 pounds of gear over hilly terrain during a 45-minute training exercise in the California sun. Gloves, helmets, flashlights, goggles, and more weighed them down as they sprinted through the countryside wearing fire-resistant clothing to show they were ready to serve as wildland firefighters.
	Could a blood test revolutionize multiple sclerosis diagnosis? A simple blood test into multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology could speed MS diagnostics and ultimately improve patient care, according to Xiaoli Yu, Ph.D., senior author of a new study on plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody aggregates.
	Minimum wage increase linked to small decrease in employer health insurance offerings A new study led by a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that a $1 increase in state and federal minimum wages over the 2002–2020 period was associated with a small decrease in the percentage of employers offering health insurance.
	Finding your niche: A synthetic cancer stem cell microenvironment One of the biggest challenges in biomedical research is finding a way to capture the complexity of the human body in laboratory-based techniques, to enable them to be investigated accurately. Now, researchers from Japan report an approach for precisely imitating a key feature of aggressive cancers in the laboratory.
	Using virtual reality to create therapeutic experiences: From treating phobias to rehabilitating abusers Can an abuser perceive fear in their victim? Lack of connection and empathy are common factors in cases of gender violence, child abuse, and other scenarios. In view of this, it's also one of the core issues in abuser rehabilitation therapies. In the last few years, virtual reality has become a very significant tool in such therapies, as it makes it possible, for example, for abusers to put themselves in victims' shoes and feel the threats and violence in a similar way to how they were felt by their victims.
	New evidence that heightened pain sensitivity is linked to sympathy for opposing political views The next time your friend displays remarkable openness to their opposite political camp's ideas, you might try pinching them.
	Researcher spotlights the benefits of resistance training The immense physical and mental benefits of exercise are undeniable across the board, but UNM's College of Education & Human Sciences (COEHS) isn't stopping there.
	What's the story behind autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) clips? Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum have published the first systematic review of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR). Millions of people watch content creators on YouTube and social media platforms such as TikTok as they whisper soothing words, perform simulated role plays such as a visit to the hairdresser, or interact with certain objects such as the keyboard of a computer in a specific rhythm.
	Low-fat diet found to reduce fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis New research from Oregon Health & Science University suggests that people with multiple sclerosis, or MS, could benefit from a low-fat diet to improve the fatigue that's a debilitating, and often-underappreciated, symptom of the condition.
	Study finds that laser epilation reduces risk of recurrence of pilonidal disease Laser epilation, commonly known as laser hair removal, reduced the risk of recurrence in patients with pilonidal disease, an inflammatory, painful, and sometimes chronic or recurring condition, according to research conducted by Peter C. Minneci, M.D., Chair of Surgery at Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, and published in JAMA Surgery.
	Q&A: What human diseases can teach us about the immune system The immune system is a crucial part of our survival, regularly fending off wide-ranging attacks on the body, both internal and external. Unsurprisingly, the elegant defense system that protects us from viruses, bacterial infections, cancer, and other threats is immensely complicated. Each time it mounts a response, it must quickly and carefully orchestrate communication across vast numbers of cells and molecules.
	Efforts to attract physicians to underserved areas aren't working, says study A federal program created to attract physicians to medically underserved areas of the United States has not achieved this intended effect or reduced mortality rates in these regions, a new Yale study finds. The researchers say new approaches may be needed to address health care disparities across the country.
	Ohio voted on abortion: Next year, 11 more states might, too As activists parse the results of Tuesday's vote to protect abortion rights in Ohio, Jamie Corley is already well on her way to putting a similar measure in front of Missouri voters next year.
	Dermatologist explains atopic dermatitis triggers and treatment Atopic dermatitis, the most common form of eczema, is a widespread skin condition known for causing dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It affects 15% to 20% of children and 8% to 10% of adults. The discomfort it brings can disrupt a person's everyday life if not treated.
	People experiencing homelessness impeded from full access to health services, finds study New research has found that populations experiencing homelessness find health services difficult to access and navigate. Findings suggest that a high degree of fragmentation in mainstream health services impedes full accessibility to treatment. The study, "How do health system factors (funding and performance) impact on access to health care for populations experiencing homelessness: a realist evaluation," is published in the International Journal for Equity in Health.
	Puerto Rico declares flu epidemic as cases spike. 42 dead and more than 900 hospitalized since July Puerto Rico health officials on Thursday declared an influenza epidemic in the U.S. territory.
	U.S. childhood vaccination exemptions reach their highest level ever The proportion of U.S. kindergartners exempted from school vaccination requirements has hit its highest level ever, 3%, U.S. health officials said Thursday.
	NY is developing education program on harms of medically unnecessary surgery on intersex children New York is requiring state health officials to develop an outreach program to educate parents and doctors about the harmful impacts of medically unnecessary treatments performed on young children born intersex.
	UK analysis suggests potentially serious complications in 1 in 18 procedures under care of an anesthetist New survey data from the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anesthetists (NAP7) published in the journal Anaesthesia shows that potentially serious complications occur in one in 18 procedures under the care of an anesthetist.

Other Sciences news

	Ancient Egyptian burial reveals ovarian teeth in oldest example of teratoma A case study led by Southern Illinois University, Illinois, has described the earliest discovery of an ovarian teratoma, a type of tumor that contains well-differentiated tissues developed from three germ cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).
	Experiment suggests taking a short break from social media results in mixed bag of feelings A pair of psychologists at Durham University, in the U.K., has found that when heavy social media users are asked to give up social media for a week, they experience some surprising feelings. In their study, published in PLOS ONE, Michael Wadsley and Niklas Ihssen conducted an experiment in which they asked heavy social media users to give up social media for one week and to answer questions regarding how they were feeling.
	Wikipedia pays more attention to events in richer countries, say data scientists A trio of data scientists, two with Graz University, in Germany, the other with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, has found that Wikipedia gives more attention to events that happen in richer countries than those in poorer countries. In their study, reported in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, Thorsten Ruprechter, Denis Helic and Keith Burghardt analyzed thousands of articles posted on the free online encyclopedia, looking at the amount of coverage on events in different parts of the world.
	Ethical, environmental and political concerns about climate change affect reproductive choices, finds study People are beginning to reconsider their reproductive decisions due to complex concerns about climate change, with many choosing to forego childbearing, or reduce the number of children they have as a result, finds a new study by UCL researchers.
	Social-behavioral findings can be highly replicable, six-year study by four labs suggests Roughly two decades ago, a community-wide reckoning emerged concerning the credibility of published literature in the social-behavioral sciences, especially psychology. Several large scale studies attempted to reproduce previously published findings to no avail or to a much lesser magnitude, sending the credibility of the findings—and future studies in social-behavioral sciences—into question.
	Turkana stone beads tell a story of herder life in a drying east Africa 5,000 years ago On the shores of Lake Turkana in east Africa, about 5,000 to 4,000 years ago, pastoralists buried their dead in communal cemeteries that were marked by stone circles and pillars. The north-west Kenya "pillar sites" were built around the same time as Stonehenge in the UK. But these places have a different story to tell: about how mortuary traditions reflect people's environments, behaviors and reactions to change.
	Archaeological skull fragments from Ukraine reveal early modern humans came from the East How did our species, Homo sapiens, arrive in Western Europe? Published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, our new study analyzes two skull fragments dating back between 37,000 and 36,000 years to conclude that our ancestors came from Eastern Europe and migrated westwards. These two individuals interbred with Neanderthals and with the very first European Homo sapiens, who arrived around 45,000 years ago and were thought to have become extinct following a major climatic catastrophe.
	After the US Supreme Court restricted abortion rights, public support for abortion increased: Study A new study examining the effects of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization on June 24, 2022, which overturned Roe v. Wade's constitutional protection of abortion rights, finds that the American public's support for abortion increased after the decision.
	Health professionals played 'central role' in Nazi crimes: study Medical professionals played a "central role" in the crimes committed by the Nazis, according to a new study published Thursday, which aims to debunk "long-held misconceptions" about the scale of their involvement.
	Study quantifies office Christmas parties and employee happiness A bad-tempered or overly complimentary boss, colleagues who drink too much alcohol and behave badly, an awkward atmosphere, forced festivities or a party in a random pub in the middle of nowhere—there are many factors that can turn any office Christmas party into a disaster. But there are a few basic rules that will make your end-of-year party with colleagues a memorable and fun event.
	Heat, cold, pollution, noise and insects: Too many apartment blocks aren't up to the challenge The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the impacts of air quality on high-rise living. However, apartments face a range of atmospheric challenges. These include air and noise pollution, temperature and weather extremes, bushfire smoke and insects.
	Is drug testing in the workplace effective or necessary? Alcohol and other drug use is a major problem in Australian workplaces costing more than A$4 billion a year. Of this, $3.6 billion is due to absenteeism.
	When do kids learn to read? How do you know if your child is falling behind? Learning to read is one of the most important parts of early schooling. But there is ongoing and arguably increasing concern too many Australian children are falling behind in reading.
	Is capitalism dead? Economics professor thinks it is, and he knows who killed it Yanis Varoufakis grew up during the Greek dictatorship of 1967–1974. He later became an economics professor and was briefly Greek finance minister in 2015.
	Researchers blur the gender of soccer players and have people rate their performances, with surprising results During the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, the telecommunications company Orange ran a powerful TV ad. It depicts the graceful agility and dramatic goal-scoring shots from French national players such as Antoine Griezmann, Kylian Mbappé and Olivier Giroud.
	Why we need to rethink the term 'bullying' Latest research from Flinders University has identified that the term 'bullying'—used to define a range of behaviors—is potentially jeopardizing successful and necessary prevention of harmful behavior at school. The paper, "The Confounding and Problematic Nexus of Defined and Perceived Bullying," by Dr. Grace Skrzypiec is published in Children and Youth Services Review.
	Connecting with kids who don't want to engage Angry Birds, Mario Kart and Animal Crossing are popular digital games that have captured the attention of children the world over. But in a preschool environment, games like these could distract your kids from engaging in the curriculum, unless you have a teacher who is willing to bend the rules, say University of South Australia researchers.
	Study: Exclusionary rhetoric use by any political party increases votes for far-right parties The rise of right-wing populist parties in Europe leads some mainstream political parties to attempt to regain the support of voters by adopting far-right pro-nationalist and anti-immigrant stances. However, new research coming out of Germany and Israel suggests that this strategy primarily benefits far-right parties and not the political mainstream.
	Q&A: Is panda diplomacy over? One of D.C.'s most famous families has officially left town. No, not the Obamas—the giant pandas at the National Zoo.
	Is being a narcissist good for entrepreneurial profitability and growth? Entrepreneurs are often viewed as heroic individuals. It makes sense why: many of the innovations they present promise to change—improve—the world entirely. When they are winning, entrepreneurs become mini-celebrities, like Steve Jobs. When they are losing, however, stories can end in obscurity or notoriety, like for Elizabeth Holmes.
	New site documents #landback movement, supporting return of land to Indigenous owners Returning land to original Indigenous owners has long been a personal and family interest to Sarah Deer. As the #landback movement has gained momentum on social media in recent years, Deer and a fellow University of Kansas researcher have launched a website to document cases of land return to sovereign tribes, provide resources for those interested in doing so, and connect researchers, advocates, and others interested in land return.
	How often intra-European migrants send money back home How often do European migrants in Switzerland transfer money to their home countries, and how much money do they send? A study by the University of Zurich published in the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies now shows that people from Portugal tend to send smaller amounts more often, while people from the U.K. are more likely to send larger amounts but do so less frequently.
	The kids are alright: Aspiring political staffers are altruistically motivated, finds Canadian research Young people who work as political staffers in Canada have long been derogatorily labeled by politicians and pundits as "the kids in short pants," a comment about their age and perceived inexperience coined by an adviser to former prime minister Stephen Harper.
	UK announces AI funding for teachers: How this technology could change the profession During the recent international AI Safety Summit held in the UK, the government announced a further £2 million to be invested in Oak National Academy—a publicly funded classroom resource hub—to develop artificial intelligence tools to help reduce teachers' workloads.
	Q&A: Salary disclosure can benefit everyone, say experts Earlier this week, the Ontario government announced that they would introduce legislation that would require organizations to include salary ranges in job postings. Recently, the University of Waterloo made the salary field in co-op job postings mandatory.
	17th-century anti-décolletage campaign was form of misogyny, author asserts A 17th century French clerical/commercial campaign against décolletage—fashions in which women reveal the cleavage between their breasts—was motivated more by misogyny than moral outrage, according to a University of Kansas scholar.

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