Science X Newsletter Fri, Nov 17

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 17, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

In the lab: An mpox mRNA vaccine that's outperforming its old-school predecessor

'Fishing' chimpanzees found to enjoy termites as a seasonal treat

New research suggests plants might be able to absorb more CO2 from human activities than previously expected

In the fight against malaria-carrying mosquitoes, just add soap

Putting an end to plastic separation anxiety

Benefits of adolescent fitness to future cardiovascular health possibly overestimated

First human clinical trial for pill-sized device that monitors breathing from the gut

Nanoplastics promote conditions for Parkinson's across various lab models, study shows

Immune mechanism found in osteocyte cells could lead to drug target to prevent spread of cancer to bones

Shedding light on unique conduction mechanisms in a new type of perovskite oxide

Scientists claim to have solved the damselfly color mystery

Scientists craft a protein-based bandpass filter for synthetic biology

Study of WE0913A moon impactor shows it was a Chinese booster rocket with an unknown object attached

An electrocaloric heat pump that is more efficient than conventional air conditioners

When growth becomes a weakness for cancer cells

Nanotechnology news

Enhancing the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against pathogens by using tea extracts Researchers at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS) have demonstrated that green tea–silver nanoparticles as a powerful tool against pathogens such as bacteria and yeast. Their work is published in Nanoscale Advances.

Physics news

	Pioneering robot arm poised to reach new heights in quantum Scientists carrying out quantum research will be able to do so faster and more adaptably, thanks to a new robotic arm which could hold the key to major breakthroughs.
	A highly efficient open-shell singlet luminescent diradical with strong magnetoluminescence properties Open-shell singlet (OS) diradicals are important building blocks for functional molecular materials, with a large number of pioneering works by researchers advancing their development and applications across various fields. Despite this progress, there remains a lack of research regarding luminescent OS diradicals, hindering their potential use in optoelectronic applications. In fact, the luminescent diradicals are rare chemical species, there are only a few reports to date.
	Q&A: Professor discusses new approaches for the implementation of the quantum internet Researchers around the world are working on a network which could connect quantum computers with one another over long distances. Andreas Reiserer, Professor of Quantum Networks at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), explains the challenges which have to be mastered and how atoms captured in crystals can help.

Earth news

	New research suggests plants might be able to absorb more CO2 from human activities than previously expected New research published in Science Advances paints an uncharacteristically upbeat picture for the planet. This is because more realistic ecological modeling suggests the world's plants may be able to take up more atmospheric CO2 from human activities than previously predicted.
	Most Americans are oblivious to 'forever chemicals' and risks, research finds Texas A&M AgriLife scientists conducting the first generalized U.S. study on public awareness of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, found most Americans do not know what the substances are or have knowledge of any potential associated risks.
	Unique weather phenomenon may have helped Ukraine identify and sink Russian ship Moskva A pair of radar experts at Swedish Defense Research working with a meteorologist from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute has found evidence suggesting that the reason the Ukrainian military was able to spot and sink a distant Russian missile cruiser during the early part of the Ukraine war was due to a unique weather phenomenon.
	Deep dive on sea level rise: New modeling gives better predictions on Antarctic ice sheet melt Using historical records from around Australia, an international team of researchers have put forward the most accurate prediction to date of past Antarctic ice sheet melt, providing a more realistic forecast of future sea level rise.
	North Atlantic circulation found to have reduced historical changes in climate Heat transferring from the surface to the deep ocean in the North Atlantic helped reduce climate swings during the last 1,000 years, according to a newly published paper led by researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and UCL.
	Navigation on the Mississippi has worsened for decades, finds study Shifting water levels have driven a significant decline in navigation conditions in recent decades along the Mississippi River, a primary engine of commerce in the United States, research from the federal government and Princeton University shows.
	Study reveals wintertime formation of large pollution particles in China's skies School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences researchers find dangerous sulfates are formed, and their particles get bigger, within the plumes of pollution belching from coal-fired power plants
	Deep within the Earth, iron oxide withstands extreme temperatures and pressures The core–mantle boundary (CMB) is the interface between the Earth's iron metal core and the thick rocky layer of mantle just above the core. It is a world of extremes—temperatures thousands of degrees Fahrenheit and pressures over a million times the pressure at the surface of the Earth. While it may seem far away from our environment on Earth's surface, plumes of material from the CMB can ascend upwards through the planet over tens of millions of years, influencing the chemistry, geologic structure, and plate tectonics of the surface world where we live.
	Let coastlines be coastlines: How nature-based approaches can protect Canada's coasts Along Canadian coasts, storm surges and flooding have gone from breaking news to seasonal norms.
	Study highlights need for enhanced tropical cyclone identification and simulation in climate models Tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific (WNP) stand as formidable natural forces, wreaking havoc on Earth and posing significant challenges to disaster preparedness. As we grapple with the uncertainties of future projections for WNP tropical cyclone activities, a recent study published in Environmental Research Letters sheds light on the crucial need to enhance identification and simulation techniques in climate models.
	Community-driven analysis identifies strategies to improve equity in Los Angeles' clean energy transition After two years of robust modeling and gathering input from over 100 community members, 14 community-based organizations, and 31 additional stakeholder organizations in Los Angeles, the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has synthesized its findings into equitable clean energy transition strategies for the city.
	New survey shows opinions differ on causes, effects of extreme weather Ask a cross section of Texans, and about half are likely to say there is a link between climate change and severe weather events, suggests the newest report in the Texas Trends 2023 survey series.
	Desert fire simulation helps with education and engagement A new simulation game is helping Indigenous rangers, landowners, children and more to learn about fire behavior and how they can mitigate the increasing threat of infernos.
	Report: Climate change is threatening health globally The effects of climate change are killing people and negatively affecting the health of more and more people in the world. The growing health threats could worsen if we do not urgently address climate change. Even at a global warming of 1.14 degrees, human losses are increasing rapidly, states the eighth global report from The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change.
	2023 Canadian wildfires impacted air quality as far away as Europe and China, study finds Numerical air quality models have described the extent of severe negative impacts on air quality resulting from the record 2023 Canadian wildfires, demonstrating that almost the whole of the Northern Hemisphere, not just Canada and the northern United States, were affected.
	A cost-efficient and transparent method to measure carbon dioxide emission estimates using GOSAT Researchers in Japan and Mongolia have carried out the world's first instance of incorporating satellite-based CO2 emission estimates into a GHG emission report as the verification on the Second Biennial Update Report (BUR2) of Mongolia submitted to the UNFCCC on 15 November 2023, resulting in high accuracy match with actual reported values, reports a new study published online in Scientific Reports in 2023.
	Moderate earthquake shakes eastern Myanmar and is felt in northern Thailand A moderate earthquake shook eastern Myanmar on Friday morning.

Astronomy and Space news

	Study of WE0913A moon impactor shows it was a Chinese booster rocket with an unknown object attached A team of aerospace and mechanical engineers from the University of Arizona, California Institute of Technology, Project Pluto and the Planetary Science Institute has found evidence strongly suggesting that the March 4, 2022, WE0913A moon impactor was a Chinese booster rocket with an unknown object attached to its side.
	Unveiling Mercury's geological mysteries: Salt glaciers, primordial atmosphere, and the new frontiers of astrobiology Scientists from the Planetary Science Institute have uncovered evidence of potential salt glaciers on Mercury, opening a new frontier in astrobiology by revealing a volatile environment that might echo habitability conditions found in Earth's extreme locales.
	SpaceX 'Starship' launch postponed until Saturday SpaceX has pushed back by one day the long awaited second launch of its next-generation Starship rocket because of technical issues, the company's CEO Elon Musk said Thursday.
	The echoes from inflation could still be shaking the cosmos today In the very early universe, physics were weird. A process known as inflation, during which the universe went from a single infinitesimal point to everything we see today, was one such instance of those weird physics. Now, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Science have sifted through 15 years of pulsar timing data in order to put some constraints on what physics looks like.
	Life might be easiest to find on planets that match an earlier Earth We're inching closer and closer to reliably detecting biosignatures on distant planets. Much of the focus is on determining which chemicals indicate life's presence.
	NASA's Deep Space Optical Comm demo sends, receives first data DSOC, an experiment that could transform how spacecraft communicate, has achieved "first light," sending data via laser to and from far beyond the moon for the first time.
	Hubble images NGC 941, a spiral galaxy with an explosive past This image from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope features the spiral galaxy NGC 941, which lies about 55 million light-years from Earth. Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) collected the data that created this image. Beautiful NGC 941 is undoubtedly the main attraction in this view; however, the hazy-looking galaxy was not the motivation for collecting the data. That distinction belongs to an astronomical event that took place in the galaxy years before: the supernova SN 2005ad.

Technology news

	An electrocaloric heat pump that is more efficient than conventional air conditioners A team of engineers at the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, working with a pair of colleagues from Murata Manufacturing Company, has developed a regenerative electrocaloric heat pump that is more efficient than conventional air conditioners.
	Paper offers perspective on future of brain-inspired AI as Python code library passes major milestone Four years ago, UC Santa Cruz's Jason Eshraghian developed a Python library that combines neuroscience with artificial intelligence to create spiking neural networks, a machine learning method that takes inspiration from the brain's ability to efficiently process data. Now, his open source code library, called "snnTorch," has surpassed 100,000 downloads and is used in a wide variety of projects, from NASA satellite tracking efforts to semiconductor companies optimizing chips for AI.
	More efficient electrodes for carbon dioxide recycling With the ever-increasing interest in renewable energy, scientists are continuously searching for new technologies to store energy. CO2 electrolysis is a promising way to store energy while recycling carbon dioxide. By applying electricity, CO2 and water react and produce more complex molecules.
	A peek into the future of visual data interpretation: A framework for assessing generative AI's efficacy In the last year, large language models (LLMs) have come into prominence for boasting a suite of ever-expanding capabilities including text generation, image production, and, more recently, highly descriptive image analysis. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into image analysis represents a significant shift in how people understand and interact with visual data, a task that historically has been reliant on vision to see and knowledge to contextualize.
	Corporate, global leaders peer into a future expected to be reshaped by AI, for better or worse President Joe Biden and other global leaders have spent the past few days melding minds with Silicon Valley titans in San Francisco, their discussions frequently focusing on artificial intelligence, a technology expected to reshape the world, for better or worse.
	Alibaba shares collapse after cloud service spinoff cancelled Shares in Chinese ecommerce titan Alibaba tanked 10 percent in Hong Kong on Friday after the firm's surprise decision to call off part of its high-profile restructuring because of the US-China chip war.
	Winds of change? Bid to revive England's onshore sector When yet another winter storm hits Britain, Ellis Jacklin is happier than most, as he gets his energy at up to half the usual unit price.
	Ingestible electronic device detects breathing depression in patients Diagnosing sleep disorders such as sleep apnea usually requires a patient to spend the night in a sleep lab, hooked up to a variety of sensors and monitors. Researchers from MIT, Celero Systems, and West Virginia University hope to make that process less intrusive, using an ingestible capsule they developed that can monitor vital signs from within the patient's GI tract.
	Meta, TikTok challenge incoming EU digital market law Tech giants Meta and TikTok are contesting the scope of an EU law that from March will set new rules on competition in the digital marketplace.
	Paris plan targeting SUVs hits bumpy road A plan to make SUV owners pay more for parking in Paris has met with a mixed response from residents, ranging from Gallic shrugs to outright support or rejection.
	World's 280 million electric bikes and mopeds are cutting demand for oil far more than electric cars, researchers say We hop in the car to get groceries or drop kids at school. But while the car is convenient, these short trips add up in terms of emissions, pollution and petrol cost.
	Algorithm advances uncompromising covert communication A new algorithm that can enhance covert communication without compromising data integrity is reported in the International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems.
	How Amazon is going after Microsoft's cloud computing ambitions Amazon.com Inc. is the driving force behind a trio of advocacy groups working to thwart Microsoft Corp.'s growing ambition to become a major cloud computing contractor for governments, a Bloomberg analysis shows.
	Galileo Second Generation satellite aces first hardware tests The new Galileo satellite model from Thales Alenia Space underwent mechanical and signal performance testing this summer at ESA's ESTEC Test Center. Structural models resisted launch-like noise and vibrations while an electrical model proved its ability to send Galileo signals—a major milestone in the development of Galileo's Second Generation.
	Analysis reveals Inflation Reduction Act clean energy subsidies at work Several clean fuels needed for combating climate change are now on the path to being cost-competitive with their fossil fuel equivalents thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Princeton researchers have found.
	Using AI to help dams run smarter In August 2020, following a period of prolonged drought and intense rainfall, a dam situated near the Seomjin River in Korea experienced overflow during a water release, resulting in damages exceeding 100 billion won (USD 76 million). The flooding was attributed to maintaining the dam's water level 6 meters higher than the norm. Could this incident have been averted through predictive dam management?
	Engineering team develops new ultra stainless steel for hydrogen production A research project led by Professor Mingxin Huang at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) has made a breakthrough in conventional stainless steel and the development of stainless steel for hydrogen (SS-H2).
	While the suits are no longer super, swimming attire still has a big impact at the pool Fifteen years ago, Michael Phelps won a record eight gold medals at the Beijing Olympics wearing a high-tech swimsuit with a catchy name, the Speedo LZR Racer.
	2 environmentalists who were targeted by a hacking network say the public is the real victim Two environmentalists told a federal judge Thursday that the public was the real victim of a global computer hacking campaign that targeted those fighting big oil companies to get the truth out about global warming.
	US opens way for nuclear investment in energy-hungry Philippines The United States on Thursday signed a nuclear cooperation agreement with the Philippines, clearing a path for US investment to jumpstart atomic power in a country racing to expand its electricity supply.
	IBM pulls ads from Elon Musk's X over pro-Nazi posts IBM on Thursday said it has stopped advertising on X due to a report its ads were shown next to pro-Nazi posts at the platform formerly known as Twitter.
	Workers at GM ratify contract in win for US auto union Workers at General Motors have voted to ratify a new labor contract with sweeping pay increases, according to figures published Thursday, a landmark step after a major auto industry strike this year.
	US chip curbs trip up China's AI-hungry tech giants US restrictions on advanced computer chips are forcing China's tech giants to rethink their ambitious AI-powered projects, analysts say.
	France's Macron warns against 'punitive' AI regulation The European Union must avoid overly restrictive regulation of artificial intelligence technologies, French President Emmanuel Macron said Friday.
	Increased efficiency of rotor blade production for wind turbines using specialized release film By developing release agent-free process and material systems in the sub-project "Release film technology for optimized rotor blade production" of the joint project "OptiBlade," researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, together with their partners Olin Blue Cube Germany and Infiana Germany, succeeded in optimizing rotor blade production for wind turbines, thereby providing the basis for considerably reducing their manufacturing costs.

Chemistry news

	Putting an end to plastic separation anxiety Bio-based plastics such as polylactic acid (PLA) were invented to help solve the plastic waste crisis, but they often end up making waste management more challenging.
	Shedding light on unique conduction mechanisms in a new type of perovskite oxide The remarkable proton and oxide-ion (dual-ion) conductivities of hexagonal perovskite-related oxide Ba7Nb3.8Mo1.2O20.1 are promising for next-generation electrochemical devices, as reported by scientists at Tokyo Tech. The unique ion-transport mechanisms they unveiled will hopefully pave the way for better dual-ion conductors, which could play an essential role in tomorrow's clean energy technologies.
	Deep learning model can detect a previously unknown quasicrystalline phase Crystalline materials are made up of atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in an ordered, three-dimensional structure. They are widely used for the development of semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, photovoltaics, and catalysts.
	Porous platinum matrix shows promise as a new actuator material Actuators are common machine components that convert energy into movement, like the muscles in the human body, vibrators in mobile phones or electric motors. Ideal actuator materials need good electrochemical properties to repeatedly conduct electrical currents made of flowing electrons.

Biology news

	'Fishing' chimpanzees found to enjoy termites as a seasonal treat The discovery that chimpanzees use tools to fish for termites revolutionized our understanding of their abilities—but we still don't have crucial context to help us understand termite fishing and chimpanzee minds. Are chimpanzees fishing for a seasonal treat or trying their luck?
	In the fight against malaria-carrying mosquitoes, just add soap Could the solution to the decades-long battle against malaria be as simple as soap? In a new study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, scientists at The University of Texas at El Paso have made a compelling case for it.
	Scientists claim to have solved the damselfly color mystery For more than 20 years, a research team at Lund University in Sweden has studied the common bluetail damselfly. Females occur in three different color forms—one with a male-like appearance, something that protects them from mating harassment. In a new study, an international research team found that this genetic color variation that is shared among several species arose through changes in a specific genomic region at least 5 million years ago.
	Scientists craft a protein-based bandpass filter for synthetic biology EPFL scientists have crafted a biological system that mimics an electronic bandpass filter, a novel sensor that could revolutionize self-regulated biological mechanisms in synthetic biology.
	When growth becomes a weakness for cancer cells ETH researchers are shedding light on what can happen when cells exceed their normal size and become senescent. The new findings could help to optimize cancer therapies.
	No evidence for widespread transmission of viruses by African bats, says study The scientific community and the public alike have often been presented with portrayals of bats as carriers of numerous dangerous viruses that are passed onto humans. In a paper published in Biology Letters, an international team of biologists, virologists and conservationists challenge this narrative surrounding bats.
	How could global food production break down? Industrialized farming relies heavily on outside inputs, like synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, machinery, seeds, and animal feed. A study published in Nature Food predicts how much yield would be lost from "input shocks" that disrupt these supplies.
	Novel approaches for correcting gene expression insufficiency A new molecular technology capable of binding to mRNA and regulating gene expression may offer a new avenue for treating diseases caused by haploinsufficiency, or the absence of one functional gene copy, according to a study published in Nature Communications.
	New study shows in real-time what helps mammals survive a natural disaster When Cyclone Idai swept through Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park in May 2019, one of nature's deadliest forces encountered one of the most technologically sophisticated wildlife parks on the planet. Princeton researchers and colleagues from around the world documented the effects using trail cameras and animal-tracking devices that had been in use before the storm.
	Prioritizing land to avoid species loss could reduce species extinction risk twice as efficiently Amid an alarming surge in global habitat destruction and species extinction, new research by an international team of scientists proposes a new global approach to choosing protected lands that could reduce species extinction risk twice as efficiently as current methods.
	Climate change and its negative affect on aquatic biodiversity: Making global targets local for freshwater protection Rebecca Flitcroft, a research fish biologist with the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, wants to shine a light on the need for freshwater protection because biodiversity in freshwater is declining at an alarming rate. To address this critical issue, Flitcroft and her colleagues were recently published in Nature Sustainability with their article, "Making Global Targets Local for Freshwater Protection."
	Q&A: How chronic wasting disease threatens deer populations With the firearm deer hunting season kicking off, many Michigan hunters have their minds set to bring home a winning whitetail. But for Sonja Christensen, an assistant professor in the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife in Michigan State University's College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the focus—now and all year long—is on protecting deer from disease.
	Bridging gaps in the European plant-based protein value chain The journey toward a transformed European food system through the development of new plant-based value chains faces numerous challenges, as highlighted by researchers and industry experts from Ireland, Germany, Italy, and Serbia.
	Use of urine in fertilizer can contribute to increased food security The production of mineral based fertilizers requires a significant amount of energy and relies in part on non-renewable resources such as phosphate rock. Furthermore, the price of mineral fertilizer is currently at a record high due to surging input costs and supply disruptions caused by sanctions and export restrictions.
	Researchers develop new method to help with analysis of single cell data CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes) is an RNA sequencing-based method that simultaneously quantifies cell surface protein and transcriptomic data within a single cell readout. The ability to study cells concurrently offers unprecedented insights into new cell types, disease states or other conditions.
	Viewpoint: Five things we need to see in Australia's new nature laws Australia's abysmal rates of extinctions and land clearing since European colonization are infamous globally. Our national environmental legislation has largely failed to protect biodiversity, including many threatened plants, animals and ecological communities. But change is afoot.
	PhD student bioengineers potato plant to detect gamma radiation A researcher at the University of Tennessee Herbert College of Agriculture has developed a potato plant that can detect gamma radiation, providing reliable indications of harmful radiation levels without complex monitoring technologies.
	Previously unknown luminescence revealed in ten deep sea species and an order of sea cucumbers In a new textbook published November 10, 2023, "The World of Sea Cucumbers," a team of researchers, including Nagoya University professor Manabu Bessho-Uehara, takes us deep into the watery world of sea cucumbers and reveals their ability to emit light.

Medicine and Health news

	In the lab: An mpox mRNA vaccine that's outperforming its old-school predecessor The recent global mpox outbreak trained a bright spotlight on the need for safe and effective Orthopoxvirus vaccines, especially in light of continuously looming zoonotic threats and the potential for these pathogens to spread rapidly worldwide.
	Benefits of adolescent fitness to future cardiovascular health possibly overestimated There is a well-known relationship between good physical fitness at a young age and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. However, when researchers adjusted for familial factors by means of sibling analysis, they found a weaker association, although the link between high body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular disease remained strong.
	First human clinical trial for pill-sized device that monitors breathing from the gut Scientists have developed an ingestible device that can safely monitor vital signs like breathing and heart rate from inside humans. The tool, described November 17 in the journal Device, has the potential to provide accessible and convenient care for people at risk of opioid overdose.
	Nanoplastics promote conditions for Parkinson's across various lab models, study shows Nanoplastics interact with a particular protein that is naturally found in the brain, creating changes linked to Parkinson's disease and some types of dementia.
	Immune mechanism found in osteocyte cells could lead to drug target to prevent spread of cancer to bones Queen Mary University of London researchers have discovered a new immune mechanism in osteocytes, the most common type of bone cell, that could lead to new drugs for breast and prostate cancer.
	Researchers introduce genome-based imaging for medical diagnostics Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET) are indispensable today for the diagnosis and localization of many diseases. A newly developed procedure now enables PET to be used specifically on the basis of changes in the human genome.
	Unraveling the secrets of neurodegenerative diseases, one protein at a time Proteins misfolding and clumping together, a process known as aggregation, is a key feature seen in several neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
	Study identifies the top three genes responsible for traumatic brain injury complications The severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been underscored in the last decade as doctors seek to understand its role in neurological diseases like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive and fatal brain disorder caused by repeated head injury that gained notoriety for its markedness among NFL pros including Mike Webster and Aaron Hernandez.
	New study reveals the genetics of human head shape Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and KU Leuven have discovered a suite of genes that influence head shape in humans. These findings, published this week in Nature Communications, help explain the diversity of human head shapes and may also offer important clues about the genetic basis of conditions that affect the skull, such as craniosynostosis.
	Scientists produce human norepinephrine neurons from stem cells Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison have identified a protein key to the development of a type of brain cell believed to play a role in disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and used the discovery to grow the neurons from stem cells for the first time.
	Study reveals surprising link between malnutrition and rising antibiotic resistance University of B.C. researchers have uncovered startling connections between micronutrient deficiencies and the composition of gut microbiomes in early life that could help explain why resistance to antibiotics has been rising across the globe.
	Zebrafish study demonstrates heart repair via neuroimmune crosstalk Unlike humans, zebrafish can completely regenerate their hearts after injury. They owe this ability to the interaction between their nervous and immune systems, as researchers led by Suphansa Sawamiphak from the Max Delbrück Center now report in the journal Developmental Cell.
	Optimal blood pressure levels for reducing CVD mortality risk identified in large Asian diabetes cohort Keeping blood pressure in check could save lives among Asian adults with type 2 diabetes, suggests a sizable new study of more than 80,000 patients in Singapore. But how low should it go?
	Children's brains shaped by their time on tech devices, review shows Time spent watching television or playing computer games has measurable and long-term effects on children's brain function, according to a review of 23 years of neuroimaging research, which—while showing negative impacts—also demonstrates some positive effects.
	First comprehensive guideline on using biomarkers for monitoring Crohn's disease The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) has released a new evidence-based guideline recommending the use of blood and stool-based biomarkers to help manage Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is estimated to affect 2.74 million people in the U.S.
	Discovery of hemoglobin in the epidermis sheds new light on our skin's protective properties Researchers have shown for the first time that hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells where it binds oxygen, is also present in the epidermis, our skin's outermost body tissue. The study, which appears in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, provides important insights into the properties of our skin's protective external layer.
	Air cleaners don't stop you getting sick, research finds Air filtration systems do not reduce the risk of picking up viral infections, according to new research from the University of East Anglia.
	Rabies virus variants from marmosets found in bats Rabies virus variants closely related to variants present in White-tufted marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have been detected in bats in Ceará state, Northeast Brazil.
	RSV is straining some hospitals, and US officials are releasing more shots for newborns RSV infections are rising sharply in some parts of the country, nearly filling hospital emergency departments in Georgia, Texas and some other states.
	Research shows prevalence of COPD stable overall from 2011 to 2021 From 2011 to 2021, there was no change in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overall, but increases were seen among adults aged ≥75 years, those in micropolitan counties, and among current or former smokers, according to research published in the Nov. 17 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Data show cancer death rates in youth continued to decline through 2021 Cancer death rates in youth ages 0 to 19 years continued to decline during 2001 to 2021, according to a November data brief published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.
	1999 to 2018 saw rise in rates of breastfeeding initiation From 1999 to 2018, there was an increase in the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding duration at 12 months, according to a research letter published online Nov. 13 in JAMA Pediatrics.
	Measles vaccination coverage still below prepandemic levels Since 2000, measles vaccination has averted an estimated 57 million deaths worldwide, but vaccination coverage decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and has not returned to prepandemic levels, according to research published in the Nov. 17 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Breakthroughs and challenges in fungal vaccine development The microbiological world is comprised of many organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Though not generally regarded as pathogens by the greater public, fungi can cause an array of severe diseases, especially in immunocompromised populations.
	Exploring the environmental and monetary benefits of redispensing cancer pills Redispensing cancer drugs reduces both environmental impact and medical costs, according to research from Radboudumc pharmacy published in JAMA Oncology. The annual savings could amount to tens of millions.
	Study shows amount and days of opioids prescribed at discharge decreased after 2017 Ohio prescription opioid cap law The Ohio Opioid Cap Law, enacted on August 31, 2017, limited the total dose and duration of opioids that could be prescribed for minors. The anticipated benefit of cap laws in preventing opioid overdose, death and addiction was counterbalanced by fears that decreased opioid prescribing could hurt patient satisfaction.
	Study shows beach signage education could save lives this summer A new beach safety study aims to prevent accidental beach drownings of young people through the identification of their understanding—and misunderstanding—of common beach signs.
	What leads people to take action on disease prevention? When making important decisions about disease prevention, who do you listen to? Medical institutions? Or perhaps the people around you? Your answer might reveal more about your personal circumstances than you would expect.
	Q&A: Think your child might have ADHD? Expert offers insight on traits and treatments Over the past 50 years, attention deficit/hyperactive disorder—more commonly known as ADHD—has evolved from a little-known condition into arguably the most studied disorder in the field of child psychiatry.
	Q&A: New research on better understanding brain alterations in people with autism The development of therapies for autism spectrum disorder has been hampered by a lack of consensus around anatomic alterations in the brains of people with autism.
	Research aims to curb fatalities caused by illicit drugs University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Center for Forensic Science Ph.D. candidate Harry Fursman is working on two fronts to prevent harm to people who use drugs: He is testing a new handheld device for rapidly and accurately identifying drug specimens and conducting ongoing chemical analysis of used syringes.
	Deadly sepsis and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are in Europe's crosshairs EU researchers are looking for new ways to tackle bloodstream infections that kill millions of people worldwide every year.
	First-of-its-kind splatter study examines infection control during oral surgery A first-of-its-kind study from the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry examined the patterns of splatter contamination created by rotary instruments and irrigation during oral surgery. This study is the first to examine rotary instrumentation splatter created during oral surgery procedures, and its findings provide several key suggestions for the future of oral surgery and improving safety measures for both providers and patients.
	Patients in nursing homes after hospitalization found to have better outcomes at specialized facilities People who temporarily stay at a nursing home for short-term, post-acute care—rehabilitation and recovery after a hospitalization—may be better off at facilities that specialize in this service. They have lower rates of death and hospital readmissions than people who get post-acute care in less-specialized nursing homes.
	COVID-19: Vaccination and infection found to trigger differential immune responses It was initially unclear how the immune system would react to infections with SARS-CoV-2 after a third vaccination. A team of scientists from the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), in collaboration with the University of Münster, has now investigated this question in the CoV-ADAPT study ("Humoral and cellular immune responses of the adaptive immune system after vaccination or natural COVID infection").
	Development of a novel bispecific antibody therapy to overcome myeloma heterogeneity Multiple myeloma is still an incurable hematological malignancy. One of the reasons is that myeloma cells can be heterogenous and acquire resistance after anti-myeloma treatment. Immunotherapy is an attractive strategy to target myeloma cells with drug resistance. A next-generation modality that can safely and effectively strengthen immunotherapeutic effects while overcoming the characteristics of myeloma cells is needed in order to break through these obstacles.
	Following a Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of cognitive decline in older people: Study Old people who follow a Mediterranean diet are at a lower risk of cognitive decline, according to a study published in the journal Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. The study provides new evidence for a better understanding of the biological mechanisms related to the impact of the diet on cognitive health in the aging population.
	FDA moves against vape products that mimic toys, slushies and appeal to kids The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is taking action against e-cigarettes disguised to look like everyday items that appeal to young people.
	Prolonging the effects of botulinum therapy: A milestone in neuromuscular disease management Botulinum toxin-A (BTX), also known as Botox, is used to treat a range of neuromuscular disorders, including muscle spasms, dystonia, eye twitching, overactive bladder, and spasticity associated with cerebral palsy or stroke. Notably, BTX has gained popularity in cosmetology owing to its effectiveness in minimizing facial wrinkles. BTX works by inducing paralysis at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs)—the connections between a neuron (brain cell) and a muscle fiber.
	Study identifies urgent need for improved research on how to respond to misleading health information A study by researchers at the Brown University School of Public Health on ways to mitigate the impacts of misleading COVID-19 information found that variations in the designs of prior studies have complicated efforts at drawing strong conclusions about what worked and what did not.
	Research investigates music's effects on cells with implications for diabetes treatment Could music affect cells? According to a recent life science project, it is possible. The results may be a first step to using music to treat diabetes.
	Study sheds light on sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease, potential target for novel treatment Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease globally, poses a significant threat to human health. Most AD patients are diagnosed after the age of 65, categorized as late-onset AD (LOAD). However, about 5%–10% of AD patients show symptoms before the age of 65, exhibiting the same pathological characteristics as AD, classified as early-onset AD (EOAD).
	Consumption of antibiotics in the community back to pre-pandemic levels in the European Union and European Economic Area This year's European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD) focuses on the targets outlined in the 2023 Council Recommendation to step up efforts in the European Union (EU) against antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach. Those recommendations formulate the 2023 goal to reduce total antibiotic consumption (community and hospital sectors combined) by 20%, using consumption data from 2019 as a baseline.
	Study finds significant 'post-COVID' resurgence in invasive meningococcal disease A team of scientists from the Institut Pasteur has used the database of the National Reference Center for Meningococci to trace the evolution of invasive meningococcal disease cases in France between 2015 and 2022, revealing an unprecedented resurgence in the disease after the easing of control measures imposed during the COVID-19 epidemic.
	Cheap medicines found to prevent migraine as effectively as expensive ones Migraine is more than just a headache. Often the pain is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity, and sound sensitivity. Chronic migraine can be disabling and may prevent many, especially women, from contributing to working life.
	Expert highlights the importance of lung cancer screening Screening for lung cancer can save lives, and there's an urgent need for more screening of people of color. That's one of the takeaways from the newly released "State of Lung Cancer" report from the American Lung Association.
	Zimbabwe's capital declares state of emergency over cholera Zimbabwe has declared a state of emergency in the capital, Harare, over a cholera outbreak that has claimed dozens of lives across the country, the city's mayor said on Friday.
	What do you know about pancreatic cancer? November is Pancreatic Cancer Awareness Month, which makes this a good time to learn more about the risk factors for pancreatic cancer and what you can do to keep yourself safe.
	Azerbaijan women behind global average for thalassemia screening and genetic counseling: Report 5.2% of the global population carry hemoglobin abnormalities, resulting in 300,000 to 400,000 children born with severe hemoglobinopathies annually. Thalassemia, a hereditary hemoglobinopathy, occurs in 4.4 out of every 10,000 live births and is prevalent in Mediterranean coastal areas, Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and southern China.

Other Sciences news

	Expert calls for stronger standards for courts weighing scientific evidence, expertise Jennifer L. Mnookin, chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and one of the most cited evidence law scholars in the nation, this week authored an editorial in the journal Science calling for a national commission of leading judges, scientists, legal academics and forensic practitioners to develop a framework ensuring forensic science that is admitted in courtrooms is valid and reliable.
	Green growth loses weight as a consensus position in the European Parliament, finds study Politicians in the European Parliament are supportive of post-growth and ecosocialist positions to tackle the climate crisis, and not only green growth.
	'I feel like I've been able to create more awareness': What is it like for Indigenous men at top-ranked universities? One of the top priorities of the Universities Accord process it to improve access to university in Australia, particularly for those from underrepresented groups.
	What does it mean to be asexual? In recent years, we've seen a burgeoning social movement for the acceptance of asexuality. We've also seen more asexual characters popping up in shows such as Heartstopper and Sex Education.
	Big data play a huge role in US presidential elections. Do they have the same impact in Australia? A key reason Barack Obama won the 2012 U.S. presidential election was his campaign's use of "big data" to target specific voters. His team created multiple versions of ads aimed at niche audiences, taking care to test every message.
	Urban planning has long ignored women's experiences: Five ways we can make our cities safer Women consistently raise concerns about their safety when moving through their cities and communities.
	When raises backfire: Research examines pitfalls of performance-based pay When it comes to retaining and motivating employees, raises may seem like a sure bet.
	Study of adolescents' perspectives on commercial profiling, privacy Researchers at the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy at the University of Jyväskylä have explored adolescents' awareness of being commercially profiled online and their perspectives on online targeted advertisements. The data for the study consisted of eight focus group discussions (N = 38) conducted between December 2020 and May 2021 with adolescents aged 13 to 16 years in schools across Finland's capital region. The findings are published in the Journal of Children and Media.
	New study debunks myth that feminists hate men Feminists are not "man haters," a comprehensive new study reveals. Researchers find feminists and non-feminists display no difference in attitude towards men, debunking the common myth that the feminists dislike men.
	Crime-free housing policies increase evictions among minorities, but do not cut crime Policies that encourage landlords to evict tenants who have involvement with the criminal justice system do not appear to reduce crime, while increasing evictions among Black residents and people with lower incomes, according to a new RAND Corporation report.
	California scientists seek higher pay in 3-day strike drawing thousands of picketers More than 1,000 state scientists in California took to the picket line Thursday on day two of a three-day strike, calling for higher wages for work they say often goes unrecognized in a state that sets environmental policy trends on the national and global stage.
	Q&A: Report explores the challenge of ending food waste and food insecurity in Australia Australia produces more than enough food to feed our population. Yet a third of all the food we produce is currently ending up in the dump, and food insecurity is on the rise.
	Q&A: Co-creation can serve as the catalyst for the most innovative outcomes. Here's how Ever heard the tales of companies convinced they had a groundbreaking product, only to "forget" to check with the end user if there's even a demand for it? Many businesses get stuck in a linear thought process, thinking they are the experts and missing out on the potential of engaging end users and other stakeholders.
	Australian report finds COVID-19 worsened migrants and refugees' access to justice services The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated and magnified migrant and refugee communities' difficulties in accessing social and legal services in Victoria, a new report has found.
	Study reveals the power of reflecting upon legacy Prompting people to consider how their lives will impact future generations leads them to give more to charity and less to family members, according to new University at Buffalo School of Management research.
	What causes political corruption? Experts explain A wave of political corruption scandals has rocked institutions across America.

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