Science X Newsletter Week 44

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for week 44:

	Long presumed to have no heads at all, starfish may be nothing but For centuries, naturalists have puzzled over what might constitute the head of a sea star, commonly called a "starfish." When looking at a worm, or a fish, it's clear which end is the head and which is the tail. But with their five identical arms—any of which can take the lead in propelling sea stars across the seabed—it's been anybody's guess how to determine the front end of the organism from the back. This unusual body plan has led many to conclude that sea stars perhaps don't have a head at all.
	Humans have substantially altered the relationship between wolves and deer, finds study New research from the University of Minnesota's Voyageurs Wolf Project found that human activities in northern Minnesota—logging, road and trail creation, and infrastructure development—have profoundly impacted where wolves hunt and kill deer fawns. By altering forest ecosystems, humans have created an environment that possibly favors the predators.
	Golden Retriever Lifetime Study data uncovers potential connection between sterilization, hemangiosarcoma A scientific analysis published in Veterinary and Comparative Oncology using Golden Retriever Lifetime Study data notes a potential correlation between canine sterilization and hemangiosarcoma development. This startling finding has been previously suggested by experts, but still is poorly understood.
	Chemists make breakthrough in drug discovery chemistry: Two methods to replace carbon with a nitrogen atom in a molecule For years, if you asked the people working to create new pharmaceutical drugs what they wished for, at the top of their lists would be a way to easily replace a carbon atom with a nitrogen atom in a molecule.
	Rats have an imagination, new research finds As humans, we live in our thoughts: from pondering what to make for dinner to daydreaming about our last beach vacation. Now, researchers at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus have found that animals also possess an imagination.
	Scientists manipulate quantum fluids of light, bringing us closer to next-generation unconventional computing In a quantum leap toward the future of unconventional computing technologies, a team of physicists made an advancement in spatial manipulation and energy control of room-temperature quantum fluids of light, aka polariton condensates, marking a pivotal milestone for the development of high-speed, all-optical polariton logic devices that have long held the key to next-generation unconventional computing, according to a recently published paper in Physical Review Letters.
	Students design prototype so that exterminating bed bugs will no longer require a 'human sacrifice' In the category of household pests, few are as difficult to exterminate as bed bugs. Pesticide treatments depend on someone sleeping in the infested room as living bait to lure the creatures out of their hiding places for an evening's blood feast—a big sacrifice for most people. The process can take weeks and presents a conundrum for hotels and guest houses.
	Genome sequencing project reveals new secrets about cat evolution Researchers at the Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (VMBS) and an interdisciplinary team of collaborators have uncovered new information about the history of cat evolution explaining how cats—including well-known species like lions, tigers, and domestic cats—evolved into different species, and shedding light on how different genetic changes in cats relate to survival abilities like the ability to smell prey.
	Massive anomaly within Earth's mantle may be remnant of collision that formed moon An interdisciplinary international research team has recently discovered that a massive anomaly deep within the Earth's interior may be a remnant of the collision about 4.5 billion years ago that formed the moon.
	Study uncovers hundred-year lifespans for three freshwater fish species in the Arizona desert A recent study has found some of the oldest animals in the world living in a place you wouldn't expect: fishes in the Arizona desert. Researchers have found the second genus of animal ever for which three or more species have known lifespans greater than 100 years, which could open the doors to aging studies across disciplines, such as gerontology and senescence (aging) among vertebrates.
	NASA's Lucy spacecraft swoops past first of 10 asteroids on long journey to Jupiter NASA's Lucy spacecraft on Wednesday encountered the first of 10 asteroids on its long journey to Jupiter.
	Researchers identify bacterial mechanism for vitamin B12 uptake A team of scientists led by Dr. Ulrich Kleinekathöfer, professor of Theoretical Physics at Constructor University in Bremen, has now discovered how B12 is absorbed by certain intestinal bacteria. Published in the journal Nature Communications at the beginning of August, the findings will serve as a basis for research on how to better fight diseases and develop better antibiotics.
	The genetic heritage of the Denisovans may have left its mark on our mental health Modern humans left Africa some 60,000 years ago in the event known as "Out-of-Africa." In Asia, they coincided with the Denisovans, and that encounter may have led to confrontations and collaborations, but also various crossbreeding. In fact, modern humans retain genetic variants of Denisovan origin in our genome, which are testimony to those initial interactions.
	Improving deep sleep may prevent dementia, study finds As little as 1% reduction in deep sleep per year for people over 60 years of age translates into a 27% increased risk of dementia, according to a study which suggests that enhancing or maintaining deep sleep, also known as slow wave sleep, in older years could stave off dementia.
	Engineers develop an efficient process to make fuel from carbon dioxide The search is on worldwide to find ways to extract carbon dioxide from the air or from power plant exhaust and then make it into something useful. One of the more promising ideas is to make it into a stable fuel that can replace fossil fuels in some applications. But most such conversion processes have had problems with low carbon efficiency, or they produce fuels that can be hard to handle, toxic, or flammable.
	Hearing bad grammar results in physical signs of stress, new study reveals A new study by professors at the University of Birmingham has revealed for the first time how our bodies go into stress-mode when hearing misused grammar.
	Astronomers observe supermassive black hole feeding and feedback on sub-parsec scales An international research team led by Takuma Izumi, an assistant professor at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, has achieved a milestone by observing the nearby active galactic nucleus of the Circinus Galaxy, with an extremely high resolution (approximately 1 light-year) by using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
	In early 2029, Earth will likely lock into breaching key warming threshold, scientists calculate In a little more than five years—sometime in early 2029—the world will likely be unable to stay below the internationally agreed temperature limit for global warming if it continues to burn fossil fuels at its current rate, a new study says.
	NASA's Lucy spacecraft discovers 2nd asteroid during Dinkinesh flyby On Nov. 1, NASA's Lucy spacecraft flew by not just its first asteroid, but its first two. The first images returned by Lucy reveal that the small main belt asteroid Dinkinesh is actually a binary pair.
	The future of AI hardware: Scientists unveil all-analog photoelectronic chip Researchers from Tsinghua University, China, have developed an all-analog photoelectronic chip that combines optical and electronic computing to achieve ultrafast and highly energy-efficient computer vision processing, surpassing digital processors.

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