Science X Newsletter Mon, Feb 26

Dear ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for February 26, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Earthquakes impact forest resilience for decades post-event, research suggests

Human-like real-time sketching by a humanoid robot

First-in-humans discovery reveals brain chemicals at work influencing social behavior

Metal scar found on cannibal star

Using CRISPR gene editing to prevent pigs from getting blue-ear pig disease

Observations explore radio jet of a powerful quasar

A low-cost system to collect EEG measurements during VR experiences

Further study of bright gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A shows it was caused by neutron stars merging

Drug limits dangerous reactions to allergy-triggering foods, pediatric study finds

How did a tiny bee get to French Polynesia? Eight new species help solve a scientific mystery

Saturday Citations: The neurology of pair bonding and one small step for robots

Shifting focus: Investigators describe changes to pancreatic β cells at onset of type 1 diabetes

Predatory fish use rapid color changes to coordinate attacks, scientists discover

Blindness from some inherited eye diseases may be caused by gut bacteria, news study suggests

Global dataset shows protecting fish doesn't have to mean neglecting people

Nanotechnology news

	Researchers develop new nanoparticle to deliver drugs to immune system cells Vanderbilt researchers have developed a new nanoparticle that can more get drugs inside cells to boost the immune system and fight diseases such as cancer.
	'Artificial tongue' detects and inactivates common mouth bacteria From the fuzzy feeling on your teeth to the unfortunate condition of halitosis, bacteria shape mouth health. When dental illnesses take hold, diagnosis and treatment are necessary, but identifying the microorganisms behind an infection can be a lengthy and expensive process.
	Researchers hack a 3D printer to speed up fabrication of bioelectronics The speed of innovation in bioelectronics and critical sensors gets a new boost with the unveiling of a simple, time-saving technique for the fast prototyping of devices.
	New molecules, inspired by space shuttles, advance lipid nanoparticle delivery for weight control Inspired by the design of space shuttles, Penn Engineering researchers have invented a new way to synthesize a key component of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the revolutionary delivery vehicle for mRNA treatments including the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, simplifying the manufacture of LNPs while boosting their efficacy at delivering mRNA to cells for medicinal purposes.

Physics news

	Accelerator-on-a-chip advance steers and accelerates electrons at the microchip scale Stanford researchers are getting closer to building a tiny electron accelerator based on "accelerator-on-a-chip" technology with broad potential applications in studying physics as well as medical and industrial uses.
	Measuring the properties of light: Scientists realize new method for determining quantum states Scientists at Paderborn University have used a new method to determine the characteristics of optical quantum states. For the first time, they are using certain photon detectors—devices that can detect individual light particles—for so-called homodyne detection.
	A machine learning predictor enhances capability for solving intricate physical problems In a recent development at Fudan University, a team of applied mathematicians and AI scientists has unveiled a cutting-edge machine learning framework designed to revolutionize the understanding and prediction of Hamiltonian systems. The paper is published in the journal Physical Review Research.
	Collaborating scientists offer insights on improving blue OLED performance for displays and lighting Scientists at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) have collaborated with the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) on a new study to better understand the degradation of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The study has been published in Nature Communications.
	Unlocking the secrets of the universe: New discoveries in gravitational waves A groundbreaking body of work led by Monash University physicists has opened a new pathway for understanding the universe's fundamental physics.
	Resurrecting niobium for quantum science For years, niobium was considered an underperformer when it came to superconducting qubits. Now, scientists supported by Q-NEXT have found a way to engineer a high-performing niobium-based qubit and take advantage of niobium's superior qualities.
	A new theoretical development clarifies water's electronic structure There is no doubt that water is significant. Without it, life would never have begun, let alone continue today—not to mention its role in the environment itself, with oceans covering over 70% of Earth.
	Laser-focused look at spinning electrons shatters world record for precision Scientists are getting a more detailed look than ever before at the electrons they use in precision experiments.
	Novel theory-based evaluation gives a clearer picture of fusion in the sun Most of the energy from the sun and other stars comes from a chain of nuclear fusion reactions. The end of this chain is marked by the fusion of protons with beryllium-7 to form boron-8. This process is key in determining the flow of high-energy solar neutrinos that reach the Earth.
	Reimagining electron microscopy: Bringing high-end resolution to lower-cost microscopes Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have shown for the first time that expensive aberration-corrected microscopes are no longer required to achieve record-breaking microscopic resolution.
	Scientists explain: What is inertial fusion energy? Fusion is a natural phenomenon that provides our planet with much of its energy—generated millions of miles away in the center of our sun.

Earth news

	Earthquakes impact forest resilience for decades post-event, research suggests Earthquake effects are often thought of in terms of the human impact, be that fatalities or destruction to homes and infrastructure. However, the environmental toll can also be damaging, and new research, published in Nature Geoscience, suggests the forest recovery may take even longer than rebuilding an urban zone's infrastructure, on the scale of decades. For example, after the 1950 Zayu-Medog, Tibet, earthquake it took 45 years for the forests to fully recover.
	New discovery suggests significant glacial retreat in West Antarctica began in 1940s Among the vast expanse of Antarctica lies the Thwaites Glacier, the world's widest glacier measuring about 80 miles on the western edge of the continent. Despite its size, the massive landform is losing about 50 billion tons of ice more than it is receiving in snowfall, which places it in a precarious position in respect to its stability.
	Rural communities face greater risks of radon exposure compared to urban areas: Study University of Calgary researchers have found a link between radon exposure in rural homes based on how close they are to drilled groundwater wells. The transdisciplinary team was investigating why homes in rural communities often have a much higher concentration of radon compared with homes in urban areas.
	Scientists propose new method for tracking elusive origins of CO₂ emissions from streams A team of researchers from the University of Massachusetts Amherst that specializes in accounting for the carbon dioxide release by streams, rivers and lakes has recently demonstrated that the chemical process known as "carbonate buffering" can account for the majority of emissions in highly alkaline waters. Furthermore, carbonate buffering distorts the most commonly used method of tracking the origins of CO2 in streams.
	Your air quality may be more dangerous than your phone is telling you: The EPA seems fine with that The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's recent adoption of a more stringent annual limit on fine particulate matter, or soot, fulfills an overdue obligation to curb a pervasive and deadly type of air pollution that triggers asthma, heart attacks, strokes and a host of other health problems.
	Side-effects of expanding forests could limit their potential to tackle climate change—new study Tackling climate change by planting trees has an intuitive appeal. They absorb the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere without using expensive technology.
	When homes hit 40°C inside, it's better to draw on residents' local know-how than plan for climate change from above Weather extremes driven by climate change hit low-income communities harder. The reasons include poor housing and lack of access to safe and comfortable public spaces. This makes "climate readiness" a pressing issue for governments, city planners and emergency services in fast-growing areas such as Western Sydney.
	Strange seismic wave arrivals lead to discovery of overturned slab in the Mediterranean Strange seismic wave arrivals from a 2010 earthquake under Spain were the clues that led to an unexpected discovery beneath the western Mediterranean: a subducted oceanic slab that has completely overturned.
	How one of Northern California's most polluted properties may finally be cleaned up The legacies of California's 1849 Gold Rush and the relentless search for gold that continued decades later are well known: the rise of San Francisco; statehood; Wells Fargo; Levi's jeans; a Bay Area football team named after the fortune-seeking miners.
	Ditching meat could release vital land to produce energy and remove carbon from the atmosphere—new study A radical reduction in the amount of meat, dairy and other products sourced from animals is possible in the coming decades, as people turn to an increasing variety of alternatives. This would unlock vast amounts of land currently used to rear animals and to grow crops that feed them.
	'Like a World War II battlefield': How one of Northern California's most polluted properties may finally be cleaned up The legacies of California's 1849 Gold Rush and the relentless search for gold that continued decades later are well known: the rise of San Francisco, statehood, Wells Fargo, Levi's jeans, and a Bay Area football team named after the fortune-seeking miners.
	New study highlights rewilding's role in tackling flood and drought challenges A comprehensive review of evidence led by researchers at Queen Mary University of London, in collaboration with the University of Sussex, Environment Agency, National Trust, Rewilding Britain, and Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, has shed light on the potential of rewilding to enhance flood and drought resilience.
	English rivers in 'desperate' state: report English rivers are in a "desperate condition", campaigners warned on Monday in a report highlighting the growing impact of pollution on nation's waterways.
	New study uses AI and machine learning to improve seasonal weather predictions A team of researchers at the Universities of Lincoln, Sheffield, and Reading have developed a new method to improve the prediction of seasonal weather conditions in the U.K. and Northwest Europe.
	The nature of mantle flow may depend on the type of slab subducting At subduction zones, slabs of lithosphere sink into Earth's mantle. Understanding how these slabs fit into mantle convection cells is important because of the role these movements play in plate tectonics. It's also difficult, because processes deep beneath Earth's surface cannot be directly measured.
	Good things don't come in threes for Antarctic sea ice As this month marks the third consecutive summer with extremely low sea-ice cover around Antarctica, new statistical research points to fundamental changes taking place in the polar Southern Ocean.
	Step aside, internal tides: Supercomputer modeling improves satellite altimetry precision Waves don't take place just on the ocean's surface. Underneath the crests and troughs that we can see from above are internal tides, which form when tidal flows collide with seamounts, continental slopes, and ridges on the seafloor.
	Earthquake research traces the pace of an approaching 'seismic dragon king' The 'Dragon King' theory was proposed based on the physics of complexity. According to this theory, 'Dragon King' events deviate from the power law distribution as a statistical outlier and, noticeably, have predictability.
	US warns of environmental disaster from cargo ship hit by Huthi rebels A cargo ship abandoned in the Gulf of Aden after an attack by Yemeni rebels is taking on water and has left a huge oil slick, in an environmental disaster that US Central Command said Friday could get worse.
	An earthquake with a preliminary 5.6 magnitude shakes Indonesia's capital. No reports of casualties A moderately strong earthquake late Sunday shook parts of Indonesia's main island of Java and the country's capital. There were no immediate reports of damage or injuries.
	Northwest Indiana residents, upset over refinery pollution, take complaints to public meeting Bearing signs with slogans like "East Chicago demands clear air" and "IDEM, let us breathe," nearly 100 Northwest Indiana residents and environmental advocates gathered to voice anger and frustration at BP Whiting refinery at a public meeting held by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management.

Astronomy and Space news

	Metal scar found on cannibal star When a star like our sun reaches the end of its life, it can ingest the surrounding planets and asteroids that were born with it. Now, using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (ESO's VLT) in Chile, researchers have found a unique signature of this process for the first time—a scar imprinted on the surface of a white dwarf star. The results are published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
	Observations explore radio jet of a powerful quasar European astronomers have conducted very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations of a radio jet structure in a powerful quasar known as PKS 2215+020. The collected VLBI data provide important insights into the properties of this jet, suggesting that PKS 2215+020 is a blazar. The findings were presented February 17 in the Universe journal.
	Further study of bright gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A shows it was caused by neutron stars merging An international team of astronomers and astrophysicists has found evidence that the bright gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A observed last year was caused by two neutron stars merging, not from a collapsing massive star. In their study, published in the journal Nature, the group analyzed data from both the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope.
	Earth as a test object to evaluate the planned LIFE space mission Physicists at ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich wanted to know whether the planned LIFE space mission could really detect traces of life on other planets. Yes, it can, say the researchers, with the help of observations of our own planet.
	New research suggests explosive 'axion stars' could pinpoint where and what dark matter is We could be closer to understanding the mystery behind what dark matter is, following new research from physicists at King's College London.
	A new mechanism for excitation of quasiperiodic, fast-propagating waves on both sides of a coronal mass ejection In a recent study published in The Astrophysical Journal, Hu Jialiang and Prof. Lin Jun from Yunnan Observatories (YNAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and their collaborators proposed a new mechanism for the generation of large-scale quasiperiodic fast-propagating (QFP) magnetoacoustic waves on both sides of coronal mass ejection (CME).
	New measurement captures clearer picture of our galaxy and beyond With unique capabilities to track microwave energy fluctuations, a small observatory in the Andes mountains of northern Chile produced maps of 75% of the sky as part of an effort to measure the universe's origin and evolution more accurately.
	Astronomers detect an extremely red supermassive black hole in the early universe growing in the shadows Analyzing images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a group of astronomers led by Dr. Lukas Furtak and Prof. Adi Zitrin from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has detected an extremely red, gravitationally lensed supermassive black hole in the early universe. Its colors suggest that the black hole lies behind a thick veil of dust obscuring much of its light. The team managed to measure the black hole mass and discovered that it was significantly more massive, compared to its host galaxy, than what has been seen in more local examples.
	Russia's space weapon: Anti-satellite systems are indiscriminate, posing a risk to everyone's spacecraft In a week where national security has taken center stage in Washington, the White House confirmed on Thursday that it had evidence that Russia was developing a space-based nuclear anti satellite weapon.
	Earth's early evolution: Fresh insights from rocks formed 3.5 billion years ago Our Earth is around 4.5 billion years old. Way back in its earliest years, vast oceans dominated. There were frequent volcanic eruptions and, because there was no free oxygen in the atmosphere, there was no ozone layer. It was a dynamic and evolving planet.
	A mass of 17 billion suns: Growing black hole is the most luminous object ever observed by astronomers A new study published in Nature Astronomy describes the most luminous object ever observed by astronomers. It is a black hole with a mass of 17 billion Suns, swallowing a greater amount of mass than the sun every single day.
	Why it took the US 51 years to get back on the moon For the first time since 1972, the United States is back on the moon.
	Private US spacecraft is on its side on the moon with some antennas covered up, the company says A private U.S. lunar lander tipped over at touchdown and ended up on its side near the moon's south pole, hampering communications, company officials said Friday.
	Have a look at the whos, whats and whens of leap year through time Leap year. It's a delight for the calendar and math nerds among us. So how did it all begin and why?
	Japan's moon lander survives a second weekslong lunar night, beating predictions Japan's first moon lander responded to a signal from Earth, suggesting it has survived a second freezing weekslong lunar night, Japan's space agency said Monday.
	A total solar eclipse will be visible to millions of Americans in April: Here's how to view it Paul Maley has spent much of his life chasing solar eclipses.
	Satellites are burning up in the upper atmosphere—what impact could this have on the Earth's climate? Elon Musk's SpaceX has announced it will dispose of 100 Starlink satellites over the next six months, after it discovered a design flaw that may cause them to fail. Rather than risk posing a threat to other spacecraft, SpaceX will "de-orbit" these satellites to burn up in the atmosphere.
	The countdown to NASA's Jupiter mission is on. This JPL engineer is helping it happen Think of meticulously handcrafted objects and certain things come immediately to mind: fine art, exotic cars, luxury timepieces.
	Sideways moon landing cuts mission short, private US lunar lander will stop working Tuesday A private U.S. lunar lander is expected to stop working Tuesday, its mission cut short after landing sideways near the south pole of the moon.
	Researchers using pulsar measurements to probe dark matter find Milky Way galaxy is highly dynamic Dark matter comprises more than 80% of all matter in the cosmos but is invisible to conventional observation, because it seemingly does not interact with light or electromagnetic fields. Now Dr. Sukanya Chakrabarti, the Pei-Ling Chan Endowed Chair in the College of Science at The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), along with lead author Dr. Tom Donlon, a UAH postdoctoral associate, have written a paper to help illuminate just how much dark matter there is in our galaxy and where it resides by studying the gravitational acceleration of binary pulsars.
	Steward Observatory balloon mission breaks NASA record 22 miles above Antarctica Fifty-eight days ago, on a nearly windless morning on the Ross Ice Shelf, a stadium-size balloon took flight above Antarctica, carrying with it far infrared technology from the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory in search of clues about the stellar life cycle in our galaxy and beyond.
	Cosmic dust could have helped get life going on Earth Life on our planet appeared early in Earth's history. Surprisingly early, since in its early youth our planet didn't have much of the chemical ingredients necessary for life to evolve. Since prebiotic chemicals such as sugars and amino acids are known to appear in asteroids and comets, one idea is that Earth was seeded with the building blocks of life by early cometary and asteroid impacts. While this likely played a role, a new study published in Nature Astronomy shows that cosmic dust also seeded young Earth, and it may have made all the difference.
	Image: Hubble views IC 3476, an active star-forming galaxy This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features IC 3476, a dwarf galaxy that lies about 54 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Coma Berenices. While this image does not look very dramatic—we might say it looks almost serene—the actual physical events taking place in IC 3476 are highly energetic. In fact, the little galaxy is undergoing a process called ram pressure stripping that is driving unusually high levels of star formation in regions of the galaxy.
	NASA's planetary radar images slowly spinning asteroid During the close approach of 2008 OS7 with Earth on Feb. 2, the agency's Deep Space Network planetary radar gathered the first detailed images of the stadium-size asteroid.
	Image: ERS-2 buckles and bends during final farewell Following a hugely successful mission and almost 30 years in orbit, ESA's ERS-2 reentered Earth's atmosphere at approximately 18:17 CET (17:17 UTC) on 21 February 2024.
	Filmmaker on a mission wants to put astronaut Sally Ride statue in Central Florida Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex is home to one. Space Center Houston is another.
	A capsule with antiviral drugs grown in space returns to earth On Wednesday, February 21st, at 01:40 p.m. PST (04:40 p.m. EST), an interesting package returned to Earth from space. This was the capsule from the W-1 mission, an orbital platform manufactured by California-based Varda Space Industries, which landed at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR). Even more interesting was the payload, which consisted of antiviral drugs grown in the microgravity environment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The mission is part of the company's goal to develop the infrastructure to make LEO more accessible to commercial industries.

Technology news

	Human-like real-time sketching by a humanoid robot The rapid advancement of deep learning algorithms and generative models has enabled the automated production of increasingly striking AI-generated artistic content. Most of this AI-generated art, however, is created by algorithms and computational models, rather than by physical robots.
	What will it take for China to reach carbon neutrality by 2060? To become carbon neutral by 2060, as mandated by President Xi Jinping, China will have to build eight to 10 times more wind and solar power installations than currently exist in the country. Reaching carbon neutrality will also require major construction of transmission lines.
	3D printed titanium structure shows supernatural strength A 3D printed 'metamaterial' boasting levels of strength for weight not normally seen in nature or manufacturing could change how we make everything from medical implants to aircraft or rocket parts.
	Researchers set new world record for CIGS solar cells Uppsala University is the new world record holder for electrical energy generation from copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells. The new world record is 23.64% efficiency. The measurement was made by an independent institute, and the results are published in Nature Energy.
	Pore evolution secrets revealed: New study unlocks additive manufacturing potential A collaboration between Queen Mary University of London, University College London (UCL), Rolls-Royce, and a team of international researchers has unlocked the secrets of pore evolution in directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing. Their findings, published in Nature Communications, pave the way for safer and more efficient production of high-value components across diverse industries.
	AI accelerates process design for 3D printing metal alloys In order to successfully 3D-print a metal part to the exacting specifications that many in industry demand, process parameters—including printing speed, laser power, and layer thickness of the deposited material—must all be optimized.
	Novel material increases efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells In an article published in the Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Brazilian researchers describe a strategy to enhance the efficiency and stability of solar cells made of perovskite, a semiconductor material produced in the laboratory. The results of the project could be highly positive for the future of the solar power sector.
	This week's cellphone outage makes it clear: In the United States, landlines are languishing When her cellphone's service went down this week because of an AT&T network outage, Bernice Hudson didn't panic. She just called the people she wanted to talk to the old-fashioned way—on her landline telephone, the kind she grew up with and refuses to get rid of even though she has a mobile phone.
	Developers say proposed wind farm project could help power Anchorage, reducing strain on gas Developers of a huge wind farm proposed for construction near Anchorage say it could help provide a much-needed boost to the area's energy needs, and will be most productive when it's most needed, when temperatures drop and demand for energy soars.
	So you've been scammed by a deepfake. What can you do? Earlier this month, a Hong Kong company lost HK$200 million (A$40 million) in a deepfake scam. An employee transferred funds following a video conference call with scammers who looked and sounded like senior company officials.
	'Swarm of one' robot is a single machine made up of independent modules My colleagues and I have built a robot composed of many building blocks like the cells of a multicellular organism. Without a "brain" or a central controller in the system, our robot, dubbed Loopy, relies on the collective behavior of all of its cells to interact with the world.
	What happens when we outsource boring but important work to AI? Research shows we forget how to do it ourselves In 2009, an Air France jet crashed into the ocean, leaving no survivors. The plane's autopilot system shut down and the pilots, having become reliant on their computerized assistant, were unable to correct the situation manually.
	Audio explainable artificial intelligence: Demystifying 'black box' models AI decision-making is now common in self-driving cars, patient diagnosis and legal consultation, and it needs to be safe and trustworthy. Researchers have been trying to demystify complex AI models by developing interpretable and transparent models, collectively known as explainable AI methods or explainable AI (XAI) methods. A research team offered their insight specifically into audio XAI models in a review article published in Intelligent Computing.
	Here's how sports brands can appeal to fans in the metaverse Virtual, immersive fan experiences in the metaverse are taking professional sports to a whole new level.
	Mail and parcel deliveries in cities go green A new generation of commercial electric vehicles is emerging to reduce air pollution and congestion in urban areas.
	Corporate race to use AI puts public at risk, study finds A rush by Australian companies to use generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is escalating the privacy and security risks to the public as well as to staff, customers and stakeholders, according to a new study.
	Anything-in anything-out: A new modular AI model Researchers at EPFL have developed a new, uniquely modular machine learning model for flexible decision-making. It is able to input any mode of text, video, image, sound, and time-series and then output any number, or combination, of predictions.
	A novel method for easy and quick fabrication of biomimetic robots with life-like movement Biomimetic robots, which mimic the movements and biological functions of living organisms, are a fascinating area of research that can not only lead to more efficient robots but also serve as a platform for understanding muscle biology.
	Virtual dissection fleshes out instruction in animal science anatomy lab In a recent class session devoted to reviewing the components of a monogastric digestive system, Alexandra Else-Keller reminded an animal science student how to position her fingers as they examined how the colon, stomach, and gallbladder nestle together.
	Turning waste into wealth: Synergistic recovery of metal from copper slag Copper smelting is a major source of copper production, generating significant amounts of slag. In 2022, China produced over 11,000 kilotons of refined copper, leading to 2.2 to 3 tons of slag per ton of copper produced. This slag contains valuable metals like copper (0.5%–6%), lead (0.2%–0.6%), and zinc (1%–5.5%), which are often not recovered, resulting in resource waste and environmental hazards from leaked toxic ions.
	Businesses can benefit from social robots if trust is established, finds study While the rise of artificial intelligence is proving to be a contentious issue, new research from Edith Cowan University (ECU) has found that the use of social robots in a commercial setting would likely be met with less resistance.
	An early detection system for preventing buried pipeline damage The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science has developed a damage prevention and early detection system for buried pipelines, preventing pipeline failures caused by third-party interference (TPI) and other threats.
	Affective computing: Connecting computing with human emotions for empathetic AI Imagine a world where your smartphone can detect your mood just by the way you type a message or the tone of your voice. Picture a car that adjusts its music playlist based on your stress levels during rush hour traffic. These scenarios are not just futuristic fantasies.
	'Fake love' crypto scammers ensnare US victims The "wine trader" wooed her online for months with his flirtatious smile and emoji-sprinkled texts. Then he went for the kill, defrauding the Philadelphia-based tech professional out of $450,000 in a cryptocurrency romance scam.
	Tyler Perry, fearful of AI advances, halts $800 million Atlanta film studio expansion Tyler Perry has put the kibosh on a planned $800 million expansion at his 330-acre studio in Atlanta over fears that rapid advances in video-related artificial intelligence could reduce demand for traditional film-making.
	Smartphone makers bet on AI to boost sales Smartphone makers are packing their latest devices with flashy new artificial intelligence tools such as real-time voice translation and advanced photo editing in efforts to reignite consumer demand.
	US top court hears challenges to social media laws In a case that could determine the future of social media, the US Supreme Court was asked on Monday to decide whether a pair of state laws that limit content moderation are constitutional.
	Microsoft partners with French AI 'trailblazer' Microsoft said Monday it had partnered with French startup Mistral AI, as the software giant seeks to tighten its grip on the emerging technology.
	HTC boss welcomes Apple VR competition The boss of consumer electronics firm HTC on Monday welcomed Apple's launch of its own a mixed reality headset, saying it will help the technology take off and become mainstream.
	China's BYD lands auto shipment in car powerhouse Germany Thousands of cars from China's BYD rolled off a ship in the German port of Bremerhaven on Monday, as the world's biggest electric carmaker brought its challenge directly to Europe's auto making powerhouse.
	Alignment efficient image-sentence retrieval considering transferable cross-modal representation learning Image-sentence retrieval task aims to search images for given sentences and retrieve sentences from image queries. The current retrieval methods are all supervised methods that require a large number of annotations for training. However, considering the labor cost, it is difficult to re-align large amounts of multimodal data in many applications (e.g., medical retrieval), which results in unsupervised multimodal data.
	Electrification of society is putting major demands on supply security, say researchers Power cuts can be caused by heavy snow and icing, as well as lightning strikes and strong winds bringing down power lines. Together with more extreme weather events, Norway is also facing a major power supply deficit. So what can we do to avoid a total electricity crisis?
	US can house 'entire' supply chain for advanced chips: Commerce Dept US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo expressed confidence Monday that the country can house the entire silicon supply chain for making advanced chips, including tech that is key for artificial intelligence.

Chemistry news

	Heterogeneous copper photocatalysis for production of diverse bioactive compounds Professor Jian He, from the Department of Chemistry at The University of Hong Kong (HKU), has spearheaded a research endeavor aimed at revolutionizing organic synthesis. His research team has successfully developed a novel heterogeneous copper photocatalyst that enables the efficient formation of cyclobutane rings, a crucial structural element in a vast array of bioactive molecules.
	Researchers closer to understanding hydrogen's greatest challenge: Embrittlement Embrittlement is one of the biggest obstacles facing the transition to a global hydrogen economy. A new process uncovered by researchers at the University of Sydney is helping shed light on how to better prevent it.
	Powering nitrogenases: Researchers find new targets for improving biocatalysts Nitrogenases are considered promising candidates for the sustainable enzymatic production of ammonia and carbon compounds. Unfortunately, one bottleneck in this complex process, the supply of electrons to the enzymes, has remained a mystery until now.
	Scientists deliver portable total chemical analysis without pumps and tubes Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have engineered a new micro total analysis system that quantifies a target chemical in a microfluidic chip without pumps, tubes, and expensive detectors. The compound reacts with other chemicals to produce a gas, pushing ink in a connected chamber along a channel. Built-in light detectors help measure the flow speed, allowing measurement of the original chemical. The portability of the new device enables bedside, quantitative clinical analysis.
	A clearer image of glaucoma: The relationship between unfolding and aggregation for glaucoma-associated myocilin From Parkinson's and Alzheimer's to cardiac arrhythmia, amyloids are linked to a number of diseases. These aggregates of proteins form in the body when a protein loses its normal structure and misfolds or mutates. And since many of these proteins are large and complicated, just how some of these mutations occur and aggregate remains a mystery—as does the creation of effective treatments.
	Researchers directly visualize products of mutual neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide Using the unique DESIREE facility, researchers at Stockholm University and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem have for the first time been able to directly visualize the neutral products of the mutual neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide, and report three different product channels: two channels were attributed to a predominant electron-transfer mechanism, and a smaller channel was associated with proton transfer.
	Scientists develop biocompatible fluorescent spray that detects fingerprints in ten seconds Scientists have developed a water-soluble, non-toxic fluorescent spray that makes fingerprints visible in just a few seconds, making forensic investigations safer, easier and quicker.
	Tattoo inks found to not match the ingredients listed on the bottle When you get a tattoo, do you know what you're putting under your skin? According to new Binghamton University research, the ingredient labels on tattoo ink don't match the actual substances in the bottle.
	Energy-saving electrochemical hydrogen production via co-generative strategies in hybrid water electrolysis With the increase in global energy demand and environmental pollution, the development of sustainable energy to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels (such as oil, natural gas, and coal) has become the key to achieving sustainable development of human society.
	Catalyst combines vanadium-based components and nitrogen-doped biomass carbon for pollutant removal Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans are dangerous pollutants due to their carcinogenicity and persistence in the environment. Traditional catalytic oxidation methods for their removal face challenges like high cost and inefficiency at lower temperatures.
	Enhancing electrogenerated chemiluminescence of an iridium complex Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) cells, characterized by their self-emissive nature, have gathered significant interest for prospective display applications due to their uncomplicated structure and straightforward fabrication process. These cells are created by sandwiching a solution-based emitting layer between two transparent electrodes. Nevertheless, when compared to other self-emissive devices like light-emitting diodes (LED) and organic LEDs, the luminescent performance of ECL cells remains subpar and is currently undergoing improvement.

Biology news

	Using CRISPR gene editing to prevent pigs from getting blue-ear pig disease A team of bio-scientists affiliated with a host of institutions across the U.S. has developed a gene editing technique to produce newborn pigs immune to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, also known as blue-ear pig disease. The paper is published in The CRISPR Journal.
	How did a tiny bee get to French Polynesia? Eight new species help solve a scientific mystery In 1934, American entomologist Elwood Zimmerman, then an undergraduate student at Berkeley, participated in the "Mangarevan expedition" to Polynesia. Among the samples he collected were three tiny (4 mm long), orange-brown solitary bees found on tahetahe flowers in the Tuamotu Archipelago.
	Predatory fish use rapid color changes to coordinate attacks, scientists discover Striped marlin are some of the fastest animals on the planet and one of the ocean's top predators. When hunting in groups, individual marlin will take turns attacking schools of prey fish one at a time. Now a new study reported in the journal Current Biology helps to explain how they might coordinate this turn-taking style of attack on their prey to avoid injuring each other. The key, according to the new work, is rapid color changes.
	Global dataset shows protecting fish doesn't have to mean neglecting people With fish stocks declining globally, more than 190 countries recently made a commitment to protect about a third of the world's oceans within "Marine Protected Areas," or MPAs by the year 2030. But these designated areas of the ocean where fishing is either regulated or outright banned can come at a huge cost to some coastal communities, according to a new analysis.
	Butterflies mimic each other's flight behavior to avoid predators, show scientists Researchers have shown that inedible species of butterfly that mimic each others' color patterns have also evolved similar flight behaviors to warn predators and avoid being eaten.
	Researchers discover cause of initial spike in immune response when pathogens attack plants When pathogens attack plants, the plant cells almost immediately react. The plant's cells begin to produce different kinds of small molecules called secondary messengers. These messengers travel throughout the cell membrane to begin the process of activating the immune system. These basic molecular pathways are the same whether you're a plant or animal, or even human.
	Fish scale waste: A sustainable solution for security and pollution control National University of Singapore (NUS) physicists have developed a method of converting fish scale waste into a versatile material with dual functionalities—encryption of sensitive information and acting as a bio-adsorbent to effectively remove Rhodamine B pollutant.
	Hooking an anchor on the DNA minor groove to facilitate gene expression during reprogramming During the reprogramming of somatic cells back into stem cells, gene regulation is controlled by pioneer transcription factors. These bind to the tightly packaged DNA in order to make it accessible.
	How neurotransmitter receptors transport calcium, a process linked with origins of neurological disease A new study from a team of McGill University and Vanderbilt University researchers is shedding light on our understanding of the molecular origins of some forms of autism and intellectual disability.
	Researchers develop new method for assessing climate change risks to ecosystems The Bayreuth plant ecologists Prof Dr. Steven Higgins and Dr. Timo Conradi argue in favor of interpreting the coming climatic changes from the perspective of plants in order better to assess the risks of climate change for ecosystems.
	Scientists assemble a richer picture of the plight and resilience of the foothill yellow-legged frog Up to only a few inches in length, with a lemon-hued belly, the foothill yellow-legged frog may seem unassuming. But its range once stretched from central Oregon to Baja California. In 2023, it was listed under the federal Endangered Species Act. Its rapidly decreasing range is due in part to a fungal pathogen called Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, or Bd, that has devastated amphibians around the world.
	Research team designs a cutting-edge protein 'lawnmower' An SFU-led collaboration has designed the first synthetic protein-based motor that harnesses biological reactions to fuel and propel itself.
	Metal in glitter impairs aquatic plant growth, study shows Glitter is used in a wide array of colors and shapes in apparel, footwear, cosmetics, makeup, handbags, festive decorations, arts and crafts, and jewelry, among many other applications. During the Carnival holidays, hundreds of thousands of Brazilians cover parts of their bodies with it while dancing in the streets.
	Researchers describe new technological platform to accelerate drug development Drug development is currently an extremely long, expensive and inefficient process. Findings generated in a lab are often very hard to replicate once translated into animal models or in humans.
	Scientists develop rapid gene-screening platform to boost disease resistance in crops Scientists at CSIRO, Australia's national science agency, have achieved a breakthrough in molecular plant pathology, marking a technological leap forward for breeding durable disease-resistant crops.
	Unlocking the heat in mosquito modeling: Exploring disease transmission under climate change Thermal adaptation is the ability of organisms to adjust their life history traits as the temperature changes. In the case of mosquitoes, these traits can determine their risk of transmitting mosquito-borne diseases and how this risk might change in the future as they respond to climate warming.
	'Janitors' of the sea: Overharvested sea cucumbers play crucial role in protecting coral Corals are foundational for ocean life. Known as the rainforests of the sea, they create habitats for 25% of all marine organisms, despite only covering less than 1% of the ocean's area.
	Extreme environments are coded into the genomes of the organisms that live there, research suggests An organism's genome is a set of DNA instructions needed for its development, function and reproduction. The genome of a present-day organism contains information from its journey on an evolutionary path that starts with the "first universal common ancestor" of all life on Earth and culminates with that organism.
	Management technique shows promise against emerging soybean pest In the late 2010s, a mysterious pest—one that came to be identified as a new species of gall midge, Resseliella maxima—began infesting the soybean fields of Nebraska and neighboring states. Since then, the tiny but deadly fly has spread to at least seven Midwestern states, threatening the yields of the region's second most common crop.
	Native animals are easy prey after a fire. Could artificial refuges save them? Australia is home to some of the most spectacular and enigmatic wildlife on Earth. Much of it, however, is being eaten by two incredibly damaging invasive predators: the feral cat and the red fox.
	Isolating and genotyping Leptospira bacteria for the first time in Austria Leptospirosis is a globally distributed infectious disease that affects both animals and humans. While the infection is endemic in tropical regions, its incidence seems to increase in temperate regions. The serological diagnostic test used in routine to detect antibodies against the bacteria responsible for the disease performs better when local variants are used. In Austria, however, no locally circulating strain has been available to date.
	Rare megamouth shark found in east Africa for the first time—why so little is known about it A rarely seen megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) was recently spotted in east Africa for the very first time. It was recorded in a market in Zanzibar, where it was being sold after being captured and killed. The recent sighting was only the sixth time a megamouth had ever been found off the coast of Africa. Marine biologist Rhett H. Bennett of the Wildlife Conservation Society explains the implications of the find.
	Study provides rare glimpse of the ringtail, an important but poorly understood predator Secretive species can pose special conservation challenges simply because they are so skilled at staying under the radar that researchers have uncovered comparatively little about their basic needs.
	Scientists develop technology to reduce pathogens in intact eggs The CDC estimates Salmonella bacteria causes about 1.35 million infections, 26,500 hospitalizations, and 420 deaths in the United States every year. Despite their appearance in everyday meals and snacks, the truth is that raw eggs and egg products can carry Salmonella and cause foodborne illness and outbreaks, and even death, in some circumstances. But researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recently found a way to combat this through Radio Frequency (RF) technology.
	Controlling the microenvironment to promote wound healing and regeneration The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science has unveiled a new principle for controlling the microenvironment of biological tissues to promote wound healing and regeneration. This discovery holds significant promise for the development of wound healing medication as well as research on fibrotic diseases and cancer.
	Unlocking the potential of protease inhibitors for enhanced pest resistance in tea plants Protease inhibitors are a promising strategy for enhancing herbivore resistance in plants, which is crucial for addressing the significant yield losses in crops such as tea plants due to insect herbivores. Serine protease inhibitors (SERPIN) are one of the largest superfamilies of protease inhibitors in plants and play a key role in defense against herbivores.
	RNA-sequencing analysis reveals key genes behind eggplant peel variation Anthocyanins give fruits and vegetables their red, purple, and blue colors, offering health benefits. Their biosynthesis involves specific enzymes and is regulated by the MBW complex of transcription factors. Research has linked color variations in plants to anthocyanin content and structure, with transcriptomic analyses revealing genes involved in these differences.
	Temperature, humidity may drive future transmission of parasitic worm infections As climate changes, temperature isn't the only factor to influence the spread of infectious diseases. Humidity plays a role, too, according to new research published this week (Feb. 25) in Ecology Letters.
	Unlocking the color code: The role of VvBBX44 and VvMYBA1 in regulating grape anthocyanin biosynthesis Anthocyanins significantly influence grape quality and color, with transcription factors HY5 and MYBA1 playing pivotal roles in their biosynthesis. Recent findings show that VvBBX44, a B-box protein, inhibits anthocyanin production in grapes by suppressing VvHY5 expression, yet the specific regulatory mechanism remains elusive.
	The effects of primer pairs, PCR conditions, and peptide nucleic acid clamps on plant root fungal diversity assessment Fungi are frequently found both around and within plant tissues (especially in roots) and are involved in both plant nutrient acquisition and resistance to pathogens. Thus, characterizing the diversity and composition of plant-associated fungal communities has been a growing interest in recent years.

Medicine and Health news

	First-in-humans discovery reveals brain chemicals at work influencing social behavior In a study in Nature Human Behavior, scientists delve into the world of chemical neuromodulators in the human brain, specifically dopamine and serotonin, to reveal their role in social behavior.
	A low-cost system to collect EEG measurements during VR experiences Recent technological advances have enabled the development of increasingly advanced systems and devices for measuring brain activity in both research and medical settings. A concept that has been widely explored and yet not effectively realized is that of collecting electroencephalography (EEG) measurements while people are navigating virtual reality (VR) environments.
	Drug limits dangerous reactions to allergy-triggering foods, pediatric study finds A drug can make life safer for children with food allergies by preventing dangerous allergic responses to small quantities of allergy-triggering foods, according to a new study led by scientists at the Stanford School of Medicine.
	Shifting focus: Investigators describe changes to pancreatic β cells at onset of type 1 diabetes About eight million people live with type 1 diabetes (T1D) worldwide, a chronic autoimmune condition in which the body attacks and destroys its own insulin-producing β-cells (pronounced "beta") in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin and inability to regulate blood sugar. It's not known why the body suddenly perceives its own β-cells as the enemy; some lines of evidence suggest environmental factors such as viral infections may trigger the onset of T1D, others suggest genetics may also play some role.
	Blindness from some inherited eye diseases may be caused by gut bacteria, news study suggests Sight loss in certain inherited eye diseases may be caused by gut bacteria, and is potentially treatable by antimicrobials, finds a new study in mice co-led by a UCL and Moorfields researcher.
	Scientists devise novel strategy to seek and destroy leukemia stem cells Scientists at City of Hope, one of the largest cancer research and treatment organizations in the United States, have devised an innovative approach to target and destroy hard-to-kill leukemia stem cells. The journal Blood has published the preclinical findings.
	Obesity disrupts normal liver function in mice, study finds Your liver plays a vital role in your metabolism, the biological process that converts food into energy. We know that being overweight can negatively affect metabolic activity, but not exactly how. To better understand this, researchers compared the livers of mice that were a typical weight with mice that were obese. They were surprised to find that biological regulation of metabolic activity, after a period of feasting and fasting, was reversed between them. Their findings have been published in iScience.
	Engineered heart cells may improve understanding of atrial fibrillation A multidisciplinary team of investigators has engineered a more accurate model for studying the mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation and its response to treatment, according to findings published in Science Advances.
	Generative modeling framework helps predict relationship between neural readings and patient symptoms Over the past decade or so, scientists have amassed an impressive arsenal of weapons to address the multifaceted, complex challenge of mental illness, from new genomic analysis tools and high-resolution neuroimaging technologies, to the creation of huge patient data banks and new artificial intelligence models to analyze them.
	Arterial connections found to improve treatment outcomes following stroke Blood vessels that cross-connect adjacent arterial trees regulate blood flow to the brain in stroke patients. Researchers at the University of Zurich have now shown that these vessels prevent brain hemorrhage following treatment to remove blood clots. They play a crucial role in the recovery of stroke patients.
	New drugs cross blood-brain barrier to slow progression and even reverse symptoms of Huntington's disease Weizmann Institute scientists have discovered two small molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier in mice, slowing and even reversing the effects of Huntington's, which is incurable.
	Virtual staining of unlabeled autopsy tissue using AI Autopsy has a central role in shedding light on diseases, helping to uncover the cause of death. Tissue samples from various organs are sampled, stained, and examined under a light microscope to evaluate their histological characteristics. However, chemical staining of autopsy samples often suffers from fixation-related artifacts due to unavoidable delays in tissue preservation.
	Researchers reveal human brain mechanisms for subconscious collision detection A research team has revealed the human subcortical neural pathway underlying the automatic detection of collision trajectories, even in the absence of attention and awareness. The work was published in PLOS Biology.
	New screening tool to explore mechanisms behind cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration Scientists have developed a new screening tool to uncover how genetic changes affect gene activity and can lead to diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. This new tool enables the investigation of thousands of DNA mutations identified by genetic studies in one experiment, guiding the development of advanced diagnostics and treatments.
	The intricate dance of time and touch: Insights from the somatosensory cortex The passage of time is sensed, perceived, and experienced, but—unlike for touch, vision, hearing, and olfaction—there exist no sensory receptors for time. This fact has long tantalized neuroscientists with the possibility that sensing time might "piggyback" on true sensory modalities.
	Small intestine found to adapt its size according to nutrient intake Resizing of the intestine is a highly conserved strategy employed by a wide range of organisms to cope with fluctuations in nutrient availability. Nevertheless, very little is known about the mechanisms and signals underlying nutrient-mediated gut resizing. New research from University of Copenhagen identifies one of the signaling pathways implicated in this process.
	Normal-appearing tissue offers insights into lesion formation in multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the result of the immune system mistakenly attacking the brain and the spinal cord, causing tissue damage (lesions) throughout. While the underlying mechanism of lesion formation is still not entirely understood, scientists at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience have come one step closer, focusing not on the damaged tissue, but on the so-called 'normal-appearing white matter' tissue instead.
	Research suggests natural compound could be promising new alternative treatment for colon cancer A new study has discovered a naturally occurring compound found in fruit has the potential to be an effective alternative treatment for colon cancer. The disease, which affects the large intestine, remains a significant global health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer worldwide.
	Long-term analysis reveals SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine-induced antibody responses are long-lasting A long-term analysis conducted by leading microbiologists at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai reveals that antibody responses induced by COVID-19 vaccines are long-lasting. The study results, published online in the journal Immunity challenge the idea that mRNA-based vaccine immunity wanes quickly.
	Human stem cells coaxed to mimic the very early central nervous system The first stem cell culture method that produces a full model of the early stages of the human central nervous system has been developed by a team of engineers and biologists at the University of Michigan, the Weizmann Institute of Science, and the University of Pennsylvania.
	Biodiversity of gut bacteria is associated with sexual behavior The human body is colonized by a variety of different microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi. All these microbial co-inhabitants—known as the microbiome or microbiota—are important for our health: For example, the microbiome in the gut supports digestion and helps to make nutrients available.
	Live music emotionally moves us more than streamed music, show researchers How does listening to live music affect the emotional center of our brain? A study carried out at the University of Zurich has found that live performances trigger a stronger emotional response than listening to music from a device. Concerts connect performers with their audience, which may also have to do with evolutionary factors.
	AI-powered surgical training program provides real-time feedback and instruction Practice makes perfect, and a new system is being tested and perfected that enables surgical trainees to obtain cutting-edge instruction in real-time, all through a new artificial intelligence program.
	Predicting immunotherapy success via biomarkers Researchers at the Technion's Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences have discovered a subset of blood cells that predict the success of immunotherapy treatment. These findings are expected to streamline the process of matching an immunotherapy treatment to a specific patient, since it is very important to identify in advance those patients who will react to a given treatment.
	Researchers create more realistic synthetic human mini hearts Thanks to advancements in the development of patented synthetic human-like hearts first created at Michigan State, researchers can study human heart development and congenital heart disease on highly accurate models. This is facilitating the development of new therapies and pharmaceutical drugs to treat a variety of heart-related diseases just in time for the observance of American Heart Month in February.
	Video: Can extra salt hurt your kidneys? Sodium is a mineral that your body needs to function well. When you combine sodium with the mineral, chloride, the two make table salt.
	AAOS: sports-related orthopedic injuries in seniors projected to grow 123 percent by 2040 Sports-related injuries among older adults are expected to increase 123 percent between 2021 and 2040, according to a study presented at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, held from Feb. 12 to 16 in San Francisco.
	New cell-based immunotherapy offered for melanoma Siteman Cancer Center, based at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is one of the first centers nationwide to offer a newly approved cell-based immunotherapy that targets melanoma.
	Why bans on smartphones or social media for teenagers could do more harm than good There are growing calls for young people under the age of 16 to be banned from having smartphones or access to social media. The Smartphone Free Childhood WhatsApp group aims to normalize young people not having smartphones until "at least" 14 years old. Esther Ghey, mother of the murdered teenager Brianna Ghey, is campaigning for a ban on social media apps for under-16s.
	Antidepressant dispensing to adolescents and young adults surges during pandemic Antidepressant dispensing to adolescents and young adults increased sharply after the COVID-19 pandemic began—particularly among females—a new study finds.
	Can they hear you now? Kids increasingly exposed to noise health risks via earbuds and headphones While it's not surprising to spot teens wearing headphones and earbuds, it's also becoming a widespread trend among younger children, a national poll suggests.
	Clinical trial tests combination antibody therapy in adults with advanced cancer In an early-phase clinical trial, a combination of antibody-based medications targeting the immune system generated promising safety data and anti-tumor activity in individuals with various types of advanced cancer. The findings are published in Cancer.
	Birth outcomes improve in states that extend driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants, research finds In 2023, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Minnesota joined a growing list of states that allow undocumented immigrants to obtain driver's licenses if an applicant can provide certain documentation, such as a foreign birth certificate or passport and evidence of current residency in the state. Altogether, 19 states and the District of Columbia have similar legislation in place. And lawmakers in other states, such as Michigan and Oklahoma, have introduced similar legislation.
	Many older adults receiving home care do not receive palliative care before death, finds study Many older adults receiving home care do not receive any palliative home care before death, suggesting we need better methods to identify people who need this support, according to new research in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.
	Research examines 700 plant-based foods to see how healthy they really are If you're thinking about buying plant-based foods, a trip to the supermarket can leave you bewildered.
	Young workers' injuries rise after recreational marijuana sales made legal After states legalize the sale of weed for recreational use, on-the-job injuries rise among younger workers, new research shows.
	Electric bike injuries, hospitalizations increased significantly in recent years The incidence of electric bicycle (e-bicycle)-related injuries, particularly head injuries, has surged in the United States since 2017, according to a research letter published online Feb. 21 in JAMA Surgery.
	Colon cancer under 50: know your risks and how to prevent it SATURDAY, Feb. 24, 2024 (HeathDay News)—Colon cancer rates are on the rise among young Americans and Americans of color, so much so that the disease is now the leading cause of cancer death for men under 50 and the second most deadly cancer for women under 50.
	Know your numbers: What is your heart rate? Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart beats per minute. Your resting heart rate is when the heart is pumping the lowest amount of blood you need because you're not exercising.
	Feds eye Texas as cases of syphilis surge in newborns Syphilis is on the rise in Texas and nationally, causing serious medical complications, especially for newborn babies who contract the disease during pregnancy.
	New clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for immunotherapy for inhalant allergy The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation has published the Clinical Practice Guideline: Immunotherapy for Inhalant Allergy in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. This clinical practice guideline identifies quality improvement opportunities and provides clinicians trustworthy, evidence-based recommendations on the management of inhalant allergies with immunotherapy, supporting them to provide enhanced care to patients aged 5 years and older who are experiencing symptoms from inhalant allergies.
	Australian study reveals associations between excess heat exposure and preterm births In the face of increasing temperatures globally, a new Monash-led study of 1.2 million births in Sydney over two decades has shown a strong association between the risk of pre-term birth and exposure to extreme hot temperatures in the third trimester of pregnancy. The data suggested that this association with extreme temperature might be reduced by the level of greenery in a pregnant person's residential surroundings.
	Emotionally resonant vibrotactile comfort objects as a calming social anxiety intervention People who live with social anxiety could be given a helping hand to deal with their stress by the power of good vibrations, new research suggests.
	Health care AI: The potential and pitfalls of diagnosis by app If health is a fundamental human right, health-care delivery must be improved globally to achieve universal access. However, the limited number of practitioners creates a barrier for all health-care systems.
	Medicare approves genetic test for solid tumors A genetic test that identifies cancer mutations in solid tumors and that was developed by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis has been approved for reimbursement by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
	From viral social media 'pranks' to hooning, what makes teens behave so badly? Two teens were arrested in Melbourne last month after horrific video footage of them pushing an unsuspecting elderly fisherman off a pier went viral.
	Your smart watch isn't a medical device—but it is tracking all your health data For millions of people, smartwatches aren't just a piece of technology. They can use them to take control of their health in ways never thought possible.
	Slouching isn't as bad for you as you might think Often a posture assigned to teenagers and disaffected youth, slouching is traditionally considered to be a "bad" posture—with some claiming it will damage your spine and cause pain.
	Nicotine pouches are being marketed to young people on social media. But are they safe, or even legal? Flavored nicotine pouches are being promoted to young people on social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram.
	Early COVID-19 research was riddled with poor methods and low-quality results, but the pandemic didn't cause the problem Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers flooded journals with studies about the then-novel coronavirus. Many publications streamlined the peer-review process for COVID-19 papers while keeping acceptance rates relatively high. The assumption was that policymakers and the public would be able to identify valid and useful research among a very large volume of rapidly disseminated information.
	Making the moral of the story stick: A media psychologist explains the research behind children's TV To adult viewers, educational media content for children, such as "Sesame Street" or "Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood," may seem rather simplistic. The pacing is slow, key themes are often repeated and the visual aspects tend to be plain.
	What is Ryeqo, the recently approved medicine for endometriosis? For women diagnosed with endometriosis it is often a long sentence of chronic pain and cramping that impacts their daily life. It is a condition that is both difficult to diagnose and treat, with many women needing either surgery or regular medication.
	Changes to Australian dietary guidelines are just a sensible response to Earth's environmental woes Official dietary advice in Australia is set to warn of the climate impact of certain foods. The move has raised the ire of farmers, meat producers and others who branded it "green ideology" and a "war on meat."
	A very long, winding road: Developing novel therapeutics for metastatic tumors In a new editorial paper published in Oncoscience titled, "A very long and winding road: developing novel therapeutics for metastatic tumors," researcher Paul Dent from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Virginia Commonwealth University writes that tumors that have metastasized to distant locations, such as the brain, are most often impossible to treat and cure, although immunotherapeutic approaches have had recent successes in some tumor types such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and cutaneous melanoma.
	Grief affects the body, not just the mind Of course grief can ravage your mind, but science shows it can also weaken your body, leaving you open to illness.
	Impact of additional responsibilities women assumed by 'default' during the pandemic New studies by La Trobe University have shed light on the impact of additional responsibilities women assumed by "default" during the COVID-19 pandemic, influencing a spike in drinking among working mothers. The studies were published in Addiction Research & Theory and Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy.
	Targeting inflammatory protein could treat severe asthma Just weeks after news of a sharp national spike in asthma deaths—with South Australia recording the highest increase in a single year (88%)—scientists have revealed a promising new treatment for the chronic lung disease.
	Clearer and faster: Five-minute MRI on the horizon A five-minute full-body MRI scan could soon become a reality with the help of a promising new AI method developed by Monash University engineers.
	Study finds children in marginalized communities more likely to experience cardiac arrests A new study shows children living in marginalized communities are at a higher risk of experiencing pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (POHCA)—a rare, life-threatening event occurring outside a hospital setting in which a child's heart suddenly stops beating.
	New method aims to optimize HIV treatments, improve quality of life In the quest to overcome quality-of-life altering side effects linked to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in people with HIV, a team of Johns Hopkins researchers has developed a new way to optimize HIV treatments that balances suppression of the virus with a strategy to reduce side effects, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals undergoing treatment.
	Poison center calls for 'magic mushrooms' spiked after decriminalization, study finds Calls to U.S. poison centers involving psilocybin, or "magic mushrooms," among adolescents and young adults rose sharply after several U.S. cities and states began decriminalizing the hallucinogen, University of Virginia School of Medicine researchers have found. The researchers have published their findings in the Journal of Adolescent Health.
	Could AI help us prepare for the next pandemic? The first time Elizabeth Ondula thought about using technology to improve public health was when she faced a personal tragedy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Her father died and she was unable to travel for his burial due to pandemic restrictions.
	Young Britons increasingly face mental illness: study Young British people increasingly suffer from mental health problems which hamper their ability to find jobs, according to a study published Monday calling for government action.
	Walking pneumonia: What you should know Not all medical conditions have names that spell out their meaning, but "walking pneumonia" seems to be an exception.
	How much exercise do you need for a healthy heart? February is Heart Month, a time to focus on our cardiovascular well-being and creating a healthy lifestyle. It's also important to recognize the warning signs of heart disease and understand the exercise paradox.
	Tumor biology may underlie racial differences in certain breast cancer outcomes Regardless of socioeconomic factors and tumor variables, Black women with triple negative breast cancer have a significantly poorer response to chemotherapy than white women, researchers at Duke Cancer Institute report.
	Study looks at ways to sustain public health programs State tobacco control programs that used a new training model were better able to sustain operations, finds a new study from the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis.
	New discovery could lead to better treatment for severe psoriatic arthritis Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a link between a rare and severe form of psoriatic arthritis and an enzyme that produces oxygen radicals. The study, published in the journal EMBO Molecular Medicine, reveals new ways to slow down or stop the disease progression.
	Marfan syndrome and related disorders: A genetic panel approach In a recently published study spearheaded by Giovanny Fuentevilla-Álvarez and his team at the National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico, researchers have significantly advanced the diagnostic precision for Marfan syndrome (MFS) and a spectrum of connective tissue disorders.
	Discrimination found to smoking habits, hurting heart health Everyday discrimination can influence unhealthy coping behaviors such as smoking, thereby increasing the risk of heart disease, according to a new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association. However, the impact differs depending on one's identity, with Hispanic women experiencing the greatest risk for heart disease as a result of discrimination.
	Poor diet and lack of exercise: Survey reveals Americans unaware of colon cancer risk factors In a time of inactive workdays and rising obesity rates in America, most people don't know that what they eat, drink and how much they move can impact their risk for colorectal cancer, a highly preventable form of cancer that is affecting a growing number of people in their 30s, 40s and 50s.
	Researchers identify potential new subtype of chronic traumatic encephalopathy Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease defined by abnormal tau protein accumulating in a particular pattern in specific regions of the brain.
	New baby sleep planner tool could help save babies lives at risk of sudden infant death A new web-based baby sleep planner, developed by researchers at the University of Bristol, could help save babies lives from sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS, a study suggests. The sleep planner tool is a new way to find out about babies risks and help keep them safe while sleeping. Although SIDS is rare, with one death in 3,000 to 4,000 births in England, this new tool could help reduce unexplained infant deaths.
	Study shows expanded cancer gene testing feasible, beneficial for patients A new University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center study published in JCO Precision Oncology demonstrates a feasible way to expand germline genetic testing for patients with cancer.
	AI tools reveal knowledge gaps in addiction treatment Turning to the internet for health-related information has become commonplace—from using search engines to uncover possible diagnoses based on symptoms to asking for advice on social media when dealing with health issues.
	Yoga provides unique cognitive benefits to older women at risk of Alzheimer's disease, study finds A new UCLA Health study found Kundalini yoga provided several benefits to cognition and memory for older women at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, including restoring neural pathways, preventing brain matter decline, and reversing aging and inflammation-associated biomarkers—improvements not seen in a group who received standard memory training exercises.
	Research examines chronic sinusitis According to the National Institutes for Health, chronic sinusitis, also known as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), affects approximately 14.6% of the United States population and is currently the fifth most common condition treated with antibiotics, accounting for up to 22 million physician visits and costing as much as $5 billion annually.
	Unlocking Alzheimer's secrets by studying neuropsychiatric symptoms As the years add up, it's common to notice slight changes in our ability to remember and think. Older people who have more marked changes than their peers can be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Currently, we can't easily predict which of these patients will develop Alzheimer's disease and which will not.
	Vanishing forests and suffering children: The hidden toll of deforestation in Cambodia Deforestation, a critical consequence of human activity, has garnered significant attention due to its impact on environmental sustainability, biodiversity and climate change. However, an equally pressing yet less explored aspect is the relationship between deforestation and human health, especially in impoverished regions.
	AI deep learning model diagnoses symptoms of joint diseases early and with high accuracy, say researchers Scientists say they have developed an artificial intelligence deep learning model with the ability to detect the early signs of degenerative joint diseases with a high degree of accuracy.
	Why Doesn't CPAP Reduce Heart Disease? A study of people with obstructive sleep apnea suggests that high CPAP pressures may explain why the machines do not lower a patient's risk of heart disease, which is about two to three times higher than average.
	Raising the bar for medical AI From the invention of the wheel to the advent of the printing press to the splitting of the atom, history is replete with cautionary tales of new technologies emerging before humanity was ready to cope with them.
	Vest can detect earlier signs of heart muscle disease A reusable vest that can map the electric impulses of the heart in fine detail could detect abnormalities from a potentially fatal heart disease much earlier than is currently possible, suggests a new study led by UCL researchers.
	Study reveals typical growth patterns for children with Fanconi anemia Published in the American Journal of Medical Genetics, a University of Minnesota Medical School study found that it is normal for children with Fanconi anemia to be shorter and thinner than other children. Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic condition affecting DNA repair that may lead to bone marrow failure, leukemia and other cancers.
	Video: Why confirmed cases of Lyme disease have increased Recent tracking rule changes led to a significant increase in reported Lyme disease cases in the U.S.
	Measuring the brain's response to different musical genres with artificial intelligence A research team from the University of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain) has analyzed how the brain responds to hearing different musical genres and has classified the electrical signals that occur in it by means of artificial intelligence, differentiating according to whether what is heard is melody or voice and whether or not what is perceived through the ear is liked or disliked. The data obtained enable the development of applications to generate musical playlists depending on the tastes or individual needs of each person.
	Dissecting the roles for excitatory and inhibitory neurons in STXBP1 encephalopathy A recent study from Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital has discovered that inhibitory and excitatory neurons play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of STXBP1 encephalopathy, one of the top five causes of pediatric epilepsies and among the most frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders. This early-onset disorder is caused by spontaneous mutations in the syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1) gene.
	We need to minimize morbidity to really save the lives of children with brain cancer, researchers say We have long known that not all childhood cancers are created equal, but the differences are becoming increasingly apparent. While advances in diagnosis and treatment mean that survival has increased significantly for some forms of cancer, it has changed very little for cancer types that are harder to understand and treat.
	Simple measurement can predict risk of worsening of widespread kidney disease About ten percent of the Danish population suffers from chronic kidney disease, and some individuals experience rapid deterioration after the diagnosis is made.
	Race, racism, and COVID-19 in the US: Lessons to be learned In a publication in The BMJ, Keisha Bentley-Edwards at Duke University, North Carolina, and colleagues argue that systemic racism and economic inequality are at the root of disparity in COVID-19 outcomes and suggest ways to distribute resources more equitably.
	Stand-up comedy workshops can aid eating disorder recovery Kent-led research has broken new ground by showing that stand-up comedy workshops can complement conventional approaches to eating disorder recovery.
	Vaping can increase susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2 Vapers are susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that spreads COVID-19 and continues to infect people around the world, a study by a research team at University of California, Riverside, has found.
	Improving public understanding of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is an open, national surveillance system used by medical professionals as well as the public at large to self-report potential adverse medical events following vaccination. These events are entered as unconfirmed reports to VAERS, which is managed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As the CDC notes, "Reports sent to VAERS may include incomplete, inaccurate, coincidental, and unverified information."
	Overcoming dental fear with the tap of an app Does the idea of sitting in a dental chair make your palms sweat? Or do you simply avoid making appointments altogether? You're not alone. Research shows that 30% of people fear going to the dentist, including more than 20% who have had an appointment recently, according to an NYU study.
	National study reveals recovery hurdles for children following COVID-19 hospitalization New research is showing just how difficult recovery is for children who are hospitalized due to COVID-19. Trailblazing data from a national multicenter survey shows that up to one-third of children did not fully recover and experienced persistent symptoms from 1 to 2 years after release from the hospital.
	Intervention reduces likelihood of developing postpartum anxiety and depression by more than 70%, finds clinical trial Results from a large clinical trial show that an intervention for anxiety provided to pregnant women living in Pakistan significantly reduced the likelihood of the women developing moderate-to-severe anxiety, depression, or both six weeks after birth.
	Vision impairment linked to several psychosocial outcomes in seniors In adults 65 years and older, vision impairment is associated with psychosocial outcomes, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social isolation, according to a study published online Feb. 22 in JAMA Ophthalmology.
	May I have a quick word? Study shows talking faster is linked to better brain health as we age As we get older, we may start to notice it takes us longer to find the right words. This can lead to concerns about cognitive decline and dementia.
	Structure of HSV-1 gB bound to a potent neutralizing antibody reveals a conservative antigenic domain across herpesvirus Human herpesviruses comprise the alpha, beta, and gamma subfamilies and are a widely prevalent group of DNA-enveloped viruses capable of establishing lifelong latent infections in humans and causing various diseases. Among them, herpes simplex virus (HSV) belongs to the alpha herpesvirus group and infects a wide population, causing symptoms like oral or genital herpes.
	5G-enabled robotic surgery: A new era in gastric cancer treatment Globally, gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, with China bearing nearly half of these cases. These figures underscore an urgent need for innovative solutions in the field, particularly given the huge disparities in access to diagnostic and treatment resources in remote and underserved areas.
	The prognostic puzzle of COVID-19: Fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA's limited role A recent study investigated the correlation between the specific anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG immune response resulting from vaccination or previous infection, viral load, and fecal virus excretion, as well as their impact on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients during the predominance of the omicron variant.
	Cannabis use policies are on the rise yet treatment for cannabis use disorder treatment remains low Treatment for cannabis use disorder (CUD) decreased since 2004, particularly in states with medical cannabis dispensary provisions, according to a new study at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. Specialty treatment for the disorder did not meaningfully change among people with past-year CUD in states with recreational cannabis legislation.
	Research identifies nerve endings that shed light on gut-brain communication The mechanisms by which antidepressants and other emotion-focused medications work could be reconsidered due to an advance in the understanding of how the gut communicates with the brain.
	Risk profile tool provides clearer insight on hospitalized COVID-19 patients who benefit most from baricitinib treatment A post-hoc analysis of ACTT-2 (Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-2) found that the use of a risk profile may more precisely characterize high-risk patients who may benefit from the use of baricitinib. The analysis is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Health care leaders call for reinstatement of Canadian hypertension control program A passionate plea for the re-establishment of Canada's health coalition focused on hypertension prevention and control has been published as an editorial in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology. "We need a national hypertension control program to prevent death and disability," according to prominent health care leaders.
	Take heart murmurs seriously say cardiologists Detecting a heart murmur on your own can be tricky. A murmur is an extra heart sound that can be heard by a stethoscope.
	How parents can set safe and healthy media limits As a parent, you can talk with your child about media use, setting healthy limits and being responsible citizens online. But how can you reinforce healthy digital habits when they're not with you? Parental media controls can be a great option to help keep children's media time happy and safe.
	What is frontotemporal dementia? Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of neurologic disorders associated with changes in personality, behavior, language or movement. Some FTD forms are inherited, and some are not. Typically, people develop FTD symptoms before age 60.
	Carrot or stick: Which is better motivation to exercise more? Free cinema tickets or a step tracker paid for by your health insurance. Some insurers offer rewards to promote healthy behavior. But does the threat of losing something like a deposit work better? And what do patients think? This is what Ph.D. candidate David de Buisonjé researched.
	Recommendations to better meet the health care and social needs of unhoused populations Policy action is needed to better meet the unique health challenges of persons experiencing homelessness and housing instability, says the American College of Physicians (ACP) in a new policy paper published in Annals of Internal Medicine. The paper underscores the need to address the underlying drivers of homelessness and makes recommendations about better meeting the health care needs of unhoused populations.
	Guideline details new recommendations for PTSD and acute stress disorder A synopsis of new clinical guidelines from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) details 34 recommendations for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring conditions. The VA/DoD guidelines notably recommend the use of specific manualized psychotherapies over pharmacotherapy and recommend against the use of benzodiazepines, cannabis, or cannabis-derived products. The synopsis is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Other Sciences news

	Saturday Citations: The neurology of pair bonding and one small step for robots From enraptured voles and space robots on the moon to brain gears and dense objects, it was a heck of a week in science. Let's take a look at some of the most interesting developments over the past seven days.
	What math tells us about social dilemmas Human coexistence depends on cooperation. Individuals have different motivations and reasons to collaborate, resulting in social dilemmas, such as the well-known prisoner's dilemma. Scientists from the Chatterjee group at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) now present a new mathematical principle that helps to understand the cooperation of individuals with different characteristics. The results, published in PNAS, can be applied to economics or behavioral studies.
	Best of Last Week—plant can reduce food insecurity, robot to care for elderly, 'Chinese dragon' fossil identified It was a good week for biology research as a team of botanists at Pennsylvania State University discovered that a common plant could help reduce food insecurity. Called Carolina azolla, the plant is able to double its biomass in just two days and also captures nitrogen from the air. A team of medical researchers and chemists at the University of California–Santa Barbara developed molecules that could be used for a new class of antibiotics to overcome drug-resistant bacteria.
	Researchers overestimate their own honesty, finds study The average researcher thinks they are better than their colleagues at following good research practice. They also think that their own research field is better than other research fields at following good research practice.
	Plant seed and fruit analysis from the biblical home of Goliath sheds unprecedented light on Philistine ritual practices The enigmatic Philistine culture, which flourished during the Iron Age (ca. 1200–604 BCE), profoundly affected the southern Levant's cultural history, agronomy, and dietary customs. More than a quarter century of excavations at Tell es-Safi/Gath in central Israel, identified as the biblical Gath of the Philistines and the home of Goliath, has provided a unique window into the world of this ancient civilization.
	Video game rewards study reveals gamer good Samaritans Gamers who chose to be good Samaritans while playing through a zombie apocalypse were more likely to be prosocial post-game, according to new QUT research.
	Prosocial preferences can provide better risk management for smallholder farming communities amid rising climate risks Research conducted by scientists from IIASA and Princeton University suggests that a combination of insurance subsidies and policies that promote "prosocial preferences"―decision-making preferences that account for community well-being―can help facilitate optimal climate risk management and reduce economic losses.
	Beyond economic metrics: The Gini index in the big data age Inequality among people has become an increasingly salient issue globally, with data indicating a rise in inequality levels across many countries in recent years. This, in turn, has generated concerns both from the perspective of the sustainability of economic growth, as well as from the perspective of social cohesion and well-being.
	The psychology of great artists: Beyond the myth of the lone, tortured genius In our constant quest to understand artists and their genius, we often put them on a pedestal, or we assume that they are otherworldly beings with incomprehensible thoughts. This myth, though common, distances us from everything they share with us. It makes us feel that their feats and successes are far beyond our reach.
	Ancient DNA reveals children with Down syndrome in past societies. What can their burials tell us about their lives? After analyzing DNA from almost 10,000 people from ancient and pre-modern societies, our international team of researchers have discovered six cases of Down syndrome in past human populations.
	Making it personal: Considering an issue's relevance to your own life could help reduce political polarization Political polarization can be reduced when people are told to think about the personal relevance of issues they might not care about at first glance.
	Does hosting the Olympics, the World Cup or other major sports events really pay off? After a long battle, Paris's beloved bouquinistes will be staying put this summer. The decision, announced on 13 February by the French government, came after considerable public backlash to the police prefecture's original plan to move part of the iconic Seine booksellers elsewhere for the inauguration of the Olympics Games on 26 July.
	What the climate movement gets wrong about disruption The 1963 Civil Rights victory in Birmingham, Alabama paved the way for the 1964 Civil Rights Act. In their latest article, published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, UMass Amherst Associate Professor of History Kevin Young and Yale University environmental social scientist Laura Thomas-Walters ask: What are the lessons from that monumental victory for today's climate movement?
	First-of-its-kind study analyzes digital mourning practices of gang-affiliated youth A new paper co-written by Desmond Upton Patton, a professor at Penn's School of Social Policy & Practice (SP2) and Penn's Annenberg School for Communication, explores the role of images in the online grieving practices of gang-affiliated Black youth.
	Relationship anarchy is about creating bonds that suit people, not social conventions By its very nature, friendship is anarchic: it has few rules and is not regulated by the government. Our friendships are usually egalitarian, flexible and non-exclusive. We treat our friends as individuals and care about their interests. We support them and don't tell them what to do; our friendships fit around, rather than govern, our lives.
	The bog is where forensics and archaeology meet to solve 'cold cases' Occasionally, police investigators find themselves announcing archaeological discoveries, rather than criminal findings. In 1984, for example, police oversaw the recovery of the Iron Age bog body (a naturally mummified corpse found in a peat bog) later called "Lindow Man" in Cheshire, UK. On January 25, 2024, the Police Service Northern Ireland (PSNI) found themselves doing just that.
	What ancient farmers can really teach us about adapting to climate change—and how political power influences outcomes In dozens of archaeological discoveries around the world, from the once-successful reservoirs and canals of Angkor Wat in Cambodia to the deserted Viking colonies of Greenland, new evidence paints pictures of civilizations struggling with unforeseen climate changes and the reality that their farming practices had become unsustainable.
	South Africa's apartheid legacy is still hobbling research—a study of geography shows how Knowledge matters. It informs how we think about the world around us. It informs our decisions and government policies, supporting economic growth and development.
	How governments handle data matters for inclusion Governments increasingly rely on large amounts of data to provide services ranging from mobility and air quality to child welfare and policing programs. While governments have always relied on data, their increasing use of algorithms and artificial intelligence has fundamentally changed the way they use data for public services.
	New research highlights long-term mental health benefits of school belonging A new study has shed light on the crucial role school belonging plays in shaping mental well-being in adolescents. School belonging—characterized by a positive affect towards school, strong relationships with teachers, and feeling socially valued—has long been associated with immediate benefits for students' mental health.
	Animated maps reveal true level of devastation in Ukraine Two years of war in Ukraine have caused widespread devastation to the country's citizenry, infrastructure and environment, and new research utilizing publicly accessible satellite imagery lays bare the scope of destruction.
	Solving the 120-year maritime mystery of the SS Nemesis A CSIRO team aboard research vessel (RV) Investigator has helped Heritage NSW solve a 120-year mystery with the discovery of the SS Nemesis, a 73-meter iron-hulled steamship that was lost at sea in 1904.
	Q&A: How misinformation and disinformation spread, the role of AI, and how we can guard against them We are swimming in a sea of information, built on a 24/7 cycle of content produced for our endless consumption. Average Americans stare at their smartphones for three and a half hours a day—and soak it all up.
	Study shows news organizations still lead in sharing difficult information on social media As media organizations across the country fold and news deserts grow, it remains to be seen who will tell the tough stories and ask difficult questions traditionally posed by journalists.
	New analysis shows anti-vaccination conspiracy theories gain political weight due to social media Heightened use of social media during the coronavirus pandemic brought with it an unprecedented surge in the spread of misinformation. Of particular significance were conspiracy theories surrounding the virus and vaccines made to combat it. Though conspiracy theories about vaccines are not a new phenomenon, this was the first time they were observed becoming elevated to the level of national political discourse.
	People in power found to avoid using sensitive language at work A new study published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology finds that people in positions of power are three times less likely to use sensitive language in work-related emails than people junior to them.
	A new dynamic duo? AI and people skills are changing business Worried AI is coming for your job? Not so fast … It's more nuanced than that, indicates new research from Nan Jia, the Dean's Associate Professor in Business Administration and an associate professor of strategic management.

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