Science X Newsletter Fri, Feb 9

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for February 9, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Chinese astronomers find radio pulsar in a supernova remnant
A new high-concentration solid polymer electrolyte for high-voltage lithium-metal batteries
Evidence that atomically thin hafnium telluride is an excitonic insulator
Industrial pollutants found in Mediterranean corals for the first time
Researchers create machine learning-based classifier that could aid early diagnosis of psychosis
How an unprecedented magma river surged beneath an Iceland town
Hubble detects celestial 'string of pearls' star clusters in galaxy collisions
New adhesive tape picks up and sticks down 2D materials as easily as child's play
Researchers discover cosmic dust storms from Type 1a supernova
Simulations provide potential explanation for mysterious gap in size distribution of super-Earths
New fossil site of worldwide importance uncovered in southern France
Global study: Wild megafauna shape ecosystem properties
Temperature-sensitive prosthetic limb improves amputee dexterity and feelings of human connection
Pioneering technique reveals new layer of human gene regulation
Novel technique has potential to transform breast cancer detection

Nanotechnology news

	New adhesive tape picks up and sticks down 2D materials as easily as child's play Materials just atoms in thickness, known as two-dimensional (2D) materials, are set to revolutionize future technology, including in the electronics industry. However, commercialization of devices that contain 2D materials has faced challenges due to the difficulty in transferring these extremely thin materials from where they are made onto the device.
	Scientists investigate a better way of releasing hydrogen stored in hydrogen boride sheets The looming threat of climate change has motivated scientists worldwide to look for cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels, and many believe hydrogen is our best bet. As an environmentally friendly energy resource, hydrogen (H2) can be used in vehicles and electric power plants without releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
	Surprise physics in insulating material offer path for faster tech Researchers led by Cornell have discovered an unusual phenomenon in a metal-insulating material, providing valuable insights for the design of materials with new properties by way of faster switching between states of matter.
	Novel hydroxyapatite-targeting nanodrug may be a paradigm shift for cancer treatment A multidisciplinary research team at Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center has discovered a new way to kill a tumor by disrupting its acidic "microenvironment" without harming normal tissue.
	New AI tool discovers realistic 'metamaterials' with unusual properties A coating that can hide objects in plain sight, or an implant that behaves exactly like bone tissue—these extraordinary objects are already made from "metamaterials." Researchers from TU Delft have now developed an AI tool that not only can discover such extraordinary materials but also makes them fabrication-ready and durable. This makes it possible to create devices with unprecedented functionalities. They have published their findings in Advanced Materials.

Physics news

	Evidence that atomically thin hafnium telluride is an excitonic insulator The condensation of excitons with non-zero momentum can give rise to so-called charge density waves (CDW). This phenomenon can prompt the transition of materials into a fascinating new quantum phase, known as an excitonic insulator.
	New research demonstrates how to study low concentrations of electrons in complex oxide films Semiconductors in modern electronics rely on small quantities of added impurity elements, called dopants, that alter the ability of the material to conduct electricity. While the role of these dopants is often straightforward, that isn't always the case. Electrons from dopants in complex oxides can behave in ways that are significantly different than those in conventional semiconductors, such as silicon.
	Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts Quantum computing has been hailed as a technology that can outperform classical computing in both speed and memory usage, potentially opening the way to making predictions of physical phenomena not previously possible.
	Physicists detect elusive 'Bragg glass' phase with machine learning tool Cornell quantum researchers have detected an elusive phase of matter, called the Bragg glass phase, using large volumes of X-ray data and a new machine learning data analysis tool. The discovery settles a long-standing question of whether this almost–but not quite–ordered state of Bragg glass can exist in real materials.
	Unlocking quantum precision: Expanded superconducting strips for enhanced photon-counting accuracy Using single photons as qubits has become a prominent strategy in quantum information technology. Accurately determining the number of photons is crucial in various quantum systems, including quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum metrology.
	Physicist advancing skin cancer screening and diagnosis using terahertz waves Ahead of International Day of Women and Girls in Science this Sunday, 11 February, The University of Warwick is shining the spotlight on a physicist who is developing new technology to advance the diagnosis and screening of skin cancers.

Earth news

	Industrial pollutants found in Mediterranean corals for the first time Pollutants from burning fossil fuels have been found embedded in corals, for the first time, offering scientists a potential new tool to track the history of pollution, finds a new study led by UCL researchers.
	How an unprecedented magma river surged beneath an Iceland town A river of magma flowed underneath an Icelandic fishing village late last year at a rate never before recorded, scientists said Thursday, as the region suffered yet another dramatic eruption.
	Largest flow of natural hydrogen gas ever found measured in Albanian chromium mine A team of geologists affiliated with several institutions in France, working with a pair of colleagues from Albania, has measured the largest natural flow of hydrogen ever in an Albanian chromium mine. In their study, reported in the journal Science, the group measured hydrogen gas bubbling up through liquid pools in the mine.
	How landscape evolution makes Madagascar a hotspot for plant species diversity Madagascar is home to more than 11,000 plant species, 80% of which are found nowhere else on Earth. A recent study by the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL and ETH Zurich has put forward a new hypothesis for the underlying cause of Madagascar's rich plant biodiversity, which has been regarded as an unsolved mystery of natural history.
	Study aims to provide middle ground for costs associated with reducing greenhouse gas emissions As the world gradually transitions to making meaningful reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, one of the most crucial questions that needs to be answered is how much that change is going to cost.
	A new study makes the case for asteroid strikes setting in motion global glaciation in the distant past A research team has picked a side in the "Snowball Earth" debate over the possible cause of planet-wide deep freeze events that occurred in the distant past. According to their new study, these so-called "Snowball" Earth periods, in which the planet's surface was covered in ice for thousands or even millions of years, could have been triggered abruptly by large asteroids that slammed into the Earth.
	World's biggest flying lab comes to Asia on air pollution mission NASA has kicked off a series of marathon flights in Asia with the world's biggest flying laboratory, in an ambitious mission to improve the models that help to forecast and fight air pollution.
	Volcanic eruption in Iceland subsides, though scientists warn more activity may follow. A volcanic eruption in southwestern Iceland appears to have subsided, though scientists are warning that the area may experience further eruptions in the coming months.
	Paper or no plastic: New bill may eliminate plastic bags in California entirely For anyone who's shopped at Trader Joe's, it's already a familiar choice: You can carry your groceries out in a paper bag or perhaps a spare cardboard box, in a tote you brought from home or—if you're shopping lightly/daringly—by hand.
	What's causing the Amazon's ongoing record drought? The devastating drought in the Amazon River Basin that reported in October has continued into Northern Hemisphere winter, which is the heart of the wet season in the southern part of the basin. The drought is cutting off rural and riverside communities from food supplies, markets for their crops, and health services; causing electricity blackouts due to hydropower disruptions; and forcing water rationing in some urban areas.
	In Chile, huge wildfires have killed at least 131 people, but one village was untouched Chile has experienced one of the worst fire-related disasters in its history. A series of huge forest fires burned from February 1 to 5, leaving at least 131 people dead—and this number will probably increase as charred bodies are collected and severely injured people die.
	Women train to fight fire with fire in Portugal Women from around the world gathered in northwest Portugal this week to practice a traditional technique of deliberately burning land to prevent the kind of wildfires—intensified by climate change—that have killed hundreds across Europe.
	King tides to swamp the Pacific coast, give glimpse at future sea level rise Mega high tides known as king tides are hitting beaches Feb. 9, giving a glimpse at what future sea level rise could mean for coastal towns and shorelines across California.
	Indiana wetlands bill garners praise, criticism as it heads to governor's desk Supporters of wetland legislation approved 6 Feb. by the Indiana legislature say the regulations are fair to residents, property owners, agriculture and developers while those against it say the state has already weakened wetland protections and this will only serve to damage sensitive ecosystems, increase flooding and decrease water quality.
	Icelanders race to repair damage after volcano damage Icelanders were working Friday to get hot water supplies fixed in thousands of houses a day after a third volcanic eruption in two months, as experts said the eruption seemed to be ending.

Astronomy and Space news

	Chinese astronomers find radio pulsar in a supernova remnant Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), astronomers from the Nanjing University in China and elsewhere, have detected a radio pulsar in a supernova remnant known as CTB 87. The finding is reported in a paper published February 1 on the arXiv pre-print server.
	Hubble detects celestial 'string of pearls' star clusters in galaxy collisions When spectacular cosmic events such as galaxy collisions occur, it sets off a reaction to form new stars, and possibly new planets that otherwise would not have formed. The gravitational pull that forces the collisions between these galaxies creates tidal tails—the long thin region of stars and interstellar gas.
	Researchers discover cosmic dust storms from Type 1a supernova Cosmic dust—like dust on Earth—comprises groupings of molecules that have condensed and stuck together in a grain. But the exact nature of dust creation in the universe has long been a mystery. Now, however, an international team of astronomers from China, the United States, Chile, the United Kingdom, Spain, etc., has made a significant discovery by identifying a previously unknown source of dust in the universe: a Type 1a supernova interacting with gas from its surroundings.
	Simulations provide potential explanation for mysterious gap in size distribution of super-Earths Ordinarily, planets in evolved planetary systems, such as the solar system, follow stable orbits around their central star. However, many indications suggest that some planets might depart from their birthplaces during their early evolution by migrating inward or outward.
	JWST data suggest exoplanet K2-18b may have molten surface rather than a watery ocean A multi-institutional team of astronomers, Earth scientists and planetary physicists has found evidence, via data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), that some hycean exoplanets may have molten surfaces rather than watery oceans. In their study, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, the team analyzed data from JWST as it was focused on the hycean exoplanet K2-18b.
	Learning the trick to finding cannibalized stars Scientists working with the powerful telescopes at Georgia State's Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array have completed a survey of a group of stars suspected to have devoured most of the gas from orbiting companion stars. These sensitive measurements have directly detected the feeble glow of the cannibalized stars.
	Astronauts from Turkey, Italy and Sweden return to Earth, ending private space station trip Astronauts from Turkey, Italy and Sweden returned to Earth on Friday, ending a private three-week mission to the International Space Station.
	Did the Galileo mission find life on Earth? In the fall of 1989, the Galileo spacecraft was launched into space, bound for Jupiter and its family of moons. Given the great distance to the king of planets, Galileo had to take a roundabout tour through the inner solar system, making a flyby of Venus in 1990 and Earth in 1990 and 1992 just to gain enough speed to reach Jupiter. During the flybys of Earth Galileo took several images of our planet, which astronomers have used to discover life on Earth.
	Lunar science is entering a new active phase For the first time since 1972, NASA is putting science experiments on the moon in 2024. And thanks to new technologies and public-private partnerships, these projects will open up new realms of scientific possibility. As parts of several projects launching this year, teams of scientists, including myself, will conduct radio astronomy from the south pole and the far side of the moon.
	Hubble spots a galaxy shrouded by stars This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image shows a densely packed field of stars laid upon a background of dust, gas, and light from more distant celestial objects. There are so many stars in this image's field of view that it may be a little tricky to discern that you are, in fact, looking at a galaxy.

Technology news

	A new high-concentration solid polymer electrolyte for high-voltage lithium-metal batteries Lithium-metal batteries, which contain anodes based on metallic lithium, are promising rechargeable batteries that could help to meet the growing demands of the electronics industry. These batteries have various advantages, including high energy density and fast charging times.
	A self-discovery approach: DeepMind framework allows LLMs to find and use task-intrinsic reasoning structures A team of AI researchers at Google's DeepMind project, working with a colleague from the University of Southern California, has developed a vehicle for allowing large language models (LLMs) to find and use task-intrinsic reasoning structures as a means for improving returned results.
	Rumors swirl over bitcoin inventor Nakamoto's identity An Australian man went on trial in London this week over his claims of inventing bitcoin—not the first time someone has been linked to being the cryptocurrency's enigmatic creator.
	OpenAI chief looking to raise trillions to reshape semiconductor sector: WSJ OpenAI chief Sam Altman is seeking to raise trillions of dollars to reshape the global semiconductor industry, and has held talks with potential investors including the UAE government, the Wall Street Journal reported Thursday.
	Biden administration announces $5 billion commitment for research and development of computer chips The Biden administration on Friday announced the investment of $5 billion in a newly established public-private consortium aimed at supporting research and development in advanced computer chips.
	A mechanical engineer explains why Finnish airline Finnair is weighing passengers Finnish airline Finnair this week instituted a new voluntary policy whereby it is now weighing passengers in addition to their luggage.
	Cybercriminals are creating their own AI chatbots to support hacking and scam users Artificial intelligence (AI) tools aimed at the general public, such as ChatGPT, Bard, CoPilot and Dall-E have incredible potential to be used for good.
	Hazard training for mobility scooter users virtually non-existent despite facing regular risks Despite being vulnerable road users, motorized mobility scooter users receive virtually no training about the types of hazards they face that might put them at risk—from designs of road crossings they find difficult to navigate, to obstacles on roads and pavements.
	New report into Turkey–Syria earthquakes uncovers deficiencies in building structures, construction shortcuts A new, independent field investigation into the aftermath of the Turkey–Syria earthquakes has found that a drive for profit has pushed all players within the construction industry to take shortcuts, with building stock primarily made of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures, being the main cause of the casualties.
	EU court rejects TikTok bid to suspend tough curbs Social media TikTok on Friday lost a court bid to suspend strict new EU rules designating it a market "gatekeeper", pending a final ruling on the video-sharing app's legal challenge to the law.
	ESA shipping container's laser link to space ESA's very latest laboratory extension is portable in nature: Hosted within a standard shipping container, this ESA Transportable Optical Ground Station, ETOGS, can be transported all across Europe as needed, to perform laser-based optical communications with satellites—including NASA's Psyche mission, millions of kilometers away in space.
	Innovations in depth from focus/defocus pave the way to more capable computer vision systems In several applications of computer vision, such as augmented reality and self-driving cars, estimating the distance between objects and the camera is an essential task. Depth from focus/defocus is one of the techniques that achieve such a process using the blur in the images as a clue. Depth from focus/defocus usually requires a stack of images of the same scene taken with different focus distances, a technique known as "focal stack."
	New glass-ceramic composite shows promise for safer storage of nuclear waste A new glass-ceramic composite shows great promise for the safer storage of nuclear waste. "Simply put, we want to find the best candidate for containing nuclear waste," explains Mehrnaz Mikhchian, a University of Saskatchewan Ph.D. student who has published findings following a year-long study.
	A 20 kW laser system for producing high-purity crystals High-purity semiconductor crystals are required for power electronics in electric cars or in photovoltaics. When such crystals reach a diameter of 2 inches, they become relevant for industrial applications.
	Quiet revolution? UK sees new breed of 'green' narrowboats Motoring down the Staffordshire & Worcestershire Canal in England's West Midlands, Neil Cocksedge's narrowboat at first sight looks like most other vessels plying the country's famous network of scenic inland waterways.
	Transforming the future of media with artificial intelligence With the ability to analyze large datasets to identify patterns and predict outcomes, all at the click of a button, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing how we live and work. From offering personalized recommendations to automating tedious tasks, AI can help us make better decisions, work smarter and reduce the likelihood of errors.
	Hong Kong researcher recycles textile waste for 'building clothing' as thermal insulation Textiles account for 10% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while 85% of textile waste is simply sent to landfill or incinerated. Buildings in Hong Kong generate 60% of CO2 emissions and air conditioners consume 30% of energy. Therefore, providing an attractive technology to recycle textile waste and save building energy simultaneously holds high promise for carbon reduction.
	A former TikTok executive sues the company, alleging gender and age discrimination A former TikTok executive has filed a lawsuit against the social media platform, alleging she was retaliated against and fired from her position because the company's owners in China determined she "lacked the docility and meekness" required of female employees.

Chemistry news

	Sensors made from 'frozen smoke' can detect toxic formaldehyde in homes and offices Researchers have developed a sensor made from "frozen smoke" that uses artificial intelligence techniques to detect formaldehyde in real time at concentrations as low as eight parts per billion, far beyond the sensitivity of most indoor air quality sensors.
	Engineers boost efficiency for converting greenhouse gas into ethylene Engineers at the University of Cincinnati have created a more efficient way of converting carbon dioxide into valuable products while simultaneously addressing climate change.
	Scientists develop new molecular system made from abundant element manganese for photooxidation Highly reducing or oxidizing photocatalysts are a fundamental challenge in photochemistry. Only a few transition metal complexes with Earth-abundant metal ions have so far advanced to excited state oxidants, including chromium, iron, and cobalt. All these photocatalysts require high energy light for excitation and their oxidizing power has not yet been fully exploited. Furthermore, precious and hence expensive metals are the decisive ingredients in most cases.
	Helium droplets capture double water structure An elusive structure involving two water molecules, which had been predicted but never observed, has been isolated by RIKEN chemists. This finding could have implications for a wide range of fields ranging from astrochemistry to corrosion of metals. The paper is published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters.
	Understanding the chemical communication between cells Like the people they make up, cells communicate by bumping into one another and exchanging handshakes. Unlike people, cells perform these handshakes using the diverse range of sugar molecules coating their surface like trees covering a landscape. Handshakes between these sugar molecules, or glycans, trigger cells to react in specific ways toward each other, such as escape, ignore or destroy.

Biology news

	New fossil site of worldwide importance uncovered in southern France Paleontology enthusiasts have unearthed one of the world's richest and most diverse fossil sites from the Lower Ordovician period (around 470 million years ago). Located in Montagne Noire, in the Hérault department of France, this deposit of over 400 fossils is distinguished by an exceptionally well-preserved fauna.
	Global study: Wild megafauna shape ecosystem properties For millions of years, a variety of large herbivores, or megafauna, influenced terrestrial ecosystems. Among many others, these included elephants in Europe, giant wombats in Australia, and ground sloths in South America. However, these animals experienced a wave of extinctions coinciding with the worldwide expansion of humans, leading to dramatic but still not fully understood changes in ecosystems. Even the survivors of these extinctions strongly declined, and many are currently threatened with extinction.
	Pioneering technique reveals new layer of human gene regulation A technique can determine for the first time how frequently, and exactly where, a molecular event called "backtracking" occurs throughout the genetic material (genome) of any species, a new study shows.
	SynMoss project grows moss with partially synthetic genes A Chinese team of life scientists, microbiologists, plant researchers and seed designers has developed a way to grow engineered moss with partially synthetic genes. In their project, reported in the journal Nature Plants, the group engineered a moss that is one of the first living things to have multiple cells carrying a partially artificial chromosome.
	Combining unique methods, researchers discover new protein functions, explore physical space of proteins Researchers in the lab of John Kuriyan, professor of biochemistry and dean of the School of Medicine Basic Sciences, have revealed a key element of how a molecular machine responsible for high-speed DNA replication works. The results of their study build on growing theories of molecular evolution.
	Female mosquitoes found to regulate their own population density at breeding sites using communal cues When female mosquitoes feed, they don't seem to mind a crowd because lots of carbon dioxide usually means there's food. They were thought to be more solitary, however, when laying eggs. New research has revealed quite the opposite for the deadly Aedes aegypti.
	From growing roots, clues to how stem cells decide their fate It might look like a comet or a shooting star, but this time-lapse video is actually a tiny plant root, not much thicker than a human hair, magnified hundreds of times as it grows under the microscope.
	Surprising behavior in one of the least studied mammals in the world Some animals live in such remote and inaccessible regions of the globe that it is nearly impossible to study them in their natural habitats. Beaked whales, of which 24 species have been found so far, are among them: They live far from land and in deep oceanic waters, where they search for food at depths of 500 meters and more.
	Researchers present near-complete genome version of spreading earth moss The model organism spreading earth moss (Physcomitrium patens, formerly: Physcomitrella patens) has contributed significantly to a better understanding of plant evolution and development. Nevertheless, the currently known genome of Physcomitrium patens still contains numerous regions that are either incomplete or erroneous.
	Harry Potter and the Disenchanted Wildlife: How light and sound shows can harm nocturnal animals Light and sound shows in parks can enthrall crowds with their color, music and storytelling. Lasting for weeks to months, the shows provide entertainment and can boost local economies. But unless they are well-located, the shows can also harm wildlife.
	Secrets of soil-enriching pulses could transform future of sustainable agriculture From lentils to chickpeas, and even the humble baked bean, pulses are perhaps best known as an alternative, plant-based source of protein. These plants are environmental heroes: they work together with soil microbes to "fix" nitrogen from the air, enriching the soil with nutrients to allow them to thrive.
	Bioenergy sorghum wax, a potentially valuable coproduct, enhances crop's resilience Already valued for its resilience, biomass production and ability to improve soil fertility, bioenergy sorghum has another attribute that researchers have recently characterized: high wax production.
	Fungicide resistance: A threat to the health of humans, animals and plants Fungi can cause disease in humans, animals and plants. Every year, 1.5 million people die from fungal infections, and fungal attacks in food crops threaten food production. To protect ourselves, we have developed chemical agents—in the form of medicines or pesticides—that kill harmful fungi. The most effective remedy against fungal infections is a group of substances collectively known as azoles.
	Small adjustments can reduce nitrogen loss in peat meadows, says researcher Relatively simple adjustments can reduce nitrogen losses on dairy farms in peatland areas. That's the conclusion of the Ph.D. research by Leiden environmental scientist Jeroen Pijlman at the Louis Bolk Institute. Protein-poor grass species and narrow-leaved plantain in the grassland can limit nitrogen loss without decreasing milk yield. The research also demonstrates potential for the wet cultivation of bulrush.
	Scientists point the way to advance conservation and restoration of seagrass meadows In a new study, an international team of academics have identified the most important questions that must be answered in order to advance the conservation and restoration of seagrass meadows in Europe.
	More grizzlies in Idaho? Federal proposal could make it happen as Republicans push delisting U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service officials have moved forward with plans to consider restoring grizzly bear populations to a part of Idaho where they haven't been seen regularly in decades, all while Idaho's governor and congressional delegation continue to try to remove endangered species protections for the bears.
	Researchers call for antitrust measures to safeguard innovation in spatial biology Recent breakthroughs in spatial biology technology have transformed biomedical research; however, legal disputes are preventing small, innovative companies from advancing new technologies and ideas.
	Surprising discovery of pharmaceuticals in Norwegian food waste New research reveals that recycled food waste may be contaminated with pharmaceutical residues. The good news is that fungi cultivated in biogas digestate show minimal absorption of these contaminants. On February 16, Astrid Solvåg Nesse will defend her Ph.D. dissertation at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU).
	Climate change to bring invasive weeds to mid-Atlantic and northeastern US states: Study In an online article published In Invasive Plant Science and Management, Justin D. Salva and Bethany A. Bradley performed and reported impact assessments on 104 plants most likely to expand with climate change into one or more Eastern U.S. States (Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and/or West Virginia) by 2050.

Medicine and Health news

	Researchers create machine learning-based classifier that could aid early diagnosis of psychosis The onset of psychosis can be predicted before it occurs, using a machine-learning tool which can classify MRI brain scans into those who are healthy and those at risk of a psychotic episode.
	Temperature-sensitive prosthetic limb improves amputee dexterity and feelings of human connection Sensory feedback is important for amputees to be able to explore and interact with their environment. Now, researchers have developed a device that allows amputees to sense and respond to temperature by delivering thermal information from the prosthesis' fingertip to the amputee's residual limb.
	Novel technique has potential to transform breast cancer detection An innovative breast imaging technique provides high sensitivity for detecting cancer while significantly reducing the likelihood of false positive results, according to a study published in Radiology: Imaging Cancer. Researchers said the technique has the potential to offer more reliable breast cancer screening for a broader range of patients.
	Ultrasound sticker senses changing stiffness of internal organs, could help identify early signs of acute liver failure MIT engineers have developed a small ultrasound sticker that can monitor the stiffness of organs deep inside the body. The sticker, about the size of a postage stamp, can be worn on the skin and is designed to pick up on signs of disease, such as liver and kidney failure and the progression of solid tumors.
	The path of escape: How breast tumor cells avoid common cancer therapy An interdisciplinary team of UNC-Chapel Hill researchers from computational medicine, genetics, biostatistics, and surgery investigated how cell cycle flexibility allows tumor cells to escape the effect of anti-cancer drugs that target cell division. UNC Lineberger members Jeremy Purvis, Ph.D., professor of genetics, and Phillip Spanheimer, MD, assistant professor of surgery, led this study.
	Researchers discover one million new components of the human genome Researchers at the University of Toronto's Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research have found nearly one million new exons—stretches of DNA that are expressed in mature RNA—in the human genome.
	COVID-19 rapid tests: How good are they? The COVID-19 pandemic marked the first time in the history of pandemics where self-testing was used as an essential component of a widespread public infection control and prevention strategy. Nearly four years into the pandemic, a study sheds light on the diagnostic accuracy and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests used for COVID-19 self-testing.
	New tumor spatial mapping tool to assess cancer aggressiveness and personalize treatment Scientists have developed a new AI tool that maps the function of proteins in a cancerous tumor, enabling clinicians to decide how to target treatment in a more precise way.
	3D brain mapping opens a window to the aging brain By mapping brain activity in three dimensions, researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have achieved a more detailed picture of how the brain changes with age.
	Research links prison time with increase of TB Tuberculosis, the main cause of death due to a single pathogen globally, causes more than 1.5 million deaths each year. New research from the University of Cincinnati finds that being in prison or being a former prisoner is responsible for high rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB.
	New strategy for safer CAR T cell therapy in lymphomas In treating aggressive lymphomas and blood cancer (leukemia), chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells) are increasingly being used. For this therapy, immune cells are taken from patients and programmed by means of genetic engineering to detect proteins in the malignant tumor cells.
	New test for improving population-based colorectal cancer screening A new stool test appears to detect colorectal cancer precursors better than the current fecal immunochemical test. This could further reduce the number of new colorectal cancer cases as well as the number of people dying from the disease. A study led by the Netherlands Cancer Institute compared both tests.
	Research reveals a process tumors use to induce immune suppressor cells and evade immunotherapy Cleveland Clinic researchers recently published a study in Cell Reports that shines new light on a next-generation target of immunotherapy—the immune checkpoint protein VISTA.
	Drug repurposing research offers new hope in the fight against RSV Every year in the winter months, there are waves of infection with RSV. In healthy adults and adolescents, the infection is usually harmless. Not so with small children: Around 1% of them who are exposed to the pathogen for the first time become so seriously ill that they have to be hospitalized.
	An anticancer drug opens a new path for the treatment of Parkinson's Once they enter the body, drugs, apart from carrying out their therapeutic function, are biochemically transformed by the action of the metabolic machinery, a process that facilitates their expulsion. This biotransformation results in a gradual disappearance of the drug, which is converted into its metabolites.
	Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant JN.1 raises concerns with increased transmissibility and immune evasion The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant JN.1 has sparked global concern due to its distinct genetic features and heightened infectivity. Carrying more than 30 spike protein mutations, including the hallmark Leu455Ser, JN.1 exhibits substantial potential for immune evasion.
	Motivations for substance use in teens mainly linked to reducing stress, study finds The motivations underlying substance use among adolescents are mainly related to reducing stress, according to research published in the Feb. 8 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	In moderation, chocolate may be beneficial to health, prevention of coronary artery disease Historians credit Richard Cadbury, son of chocolatier John Cadbury, with the invention in 1861 of heart-shaped boxes filled with chocolates. The box—after the candy was consumed—was intended to store sentimental love letters or locks of hair, which were common practices in the Victorian era.
	Study argues that large language models can reveal breakthroughs in neuroscience that humans alone cannot The past year has seen major advances in large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT. The ability of these models to interpret and produce human text sources (and other sequence data) has implications for people in many areas of human activity. A new perspective paper in the journal Neuron argues that like many professionals, neuroscientists can either benefit from partnering with these powerful tools or risk being left behind.
	Reducing diabetes medication costs can help improve outcomes, especially for low-income patients A new study led by researchers at the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute has found that reducing out-of-pocket costs for patients with diabetes, especially those considered low-income, can be one step toward improving health outcomes.
	Data show significant prevalence of sleep apnea among cardio-oncology patients Sleep apnea is prevalent among cardio-oncology patients who are at higher risk for congestive heart failure from cancer therapy, according to a new study being presented at the American College of Cardiology Advancing the Cardiovascular Care of the Oncology Patient course.
	Is marriage a prescription for happiness? A new poll says yes While marriage can be hard work, a new survey suggests it can also be a powerful elixir for happiness.
	Dementia care costs can quickly burn through people's savings: Study Dementia care can eat through the savings of cash-strapped seniors, a new study warns.
	Ketamine's promise for severe depression grows, but major questions remain Using an old anesthesia drug to pull people out of the depths of severe depression has gone from fringe idea to widespread use in just a few years.
	Language barriers could contribute to higher aggression in people with dementia Immigrants living with dementia were more likely to present with agitation and aggression compared with their non-immigrant counterparts, a new study by Edith Cowan University (ECU) in collaboration with The Dementia Center, HammondCare, found.
	Some older Americans show hesitation around brain scan research, study finds Asian Americans are less likely than their white peers to participate in health research involving MRIs and addressing this hesitancy could improve research, according to a Rutgers Health-led study.
	Erections: What researchers learned from mice could help with sexual health in humans Have you ever wondered how penile erection works but never dared to ask? Well, imagine a dry sponge in a condom. Now pour water on the sponge (that's the blood flowing in). There you have it.
	Anger, sadness, boredom, anxiety—emotions that feel bad can be useful Remember the sadness that came with the last time you failed miserably at something? Or the last time you were so anxious about an upcoming event that you couldn't concentrate for days?
	Breastfeeding benefits mothers as much as babies, but public health messaging often only tells half of the story Four babies are born every second in the world, and there are only two options for their first food at birth: human milk or formula.
	Fussy eaters are more likely to experience pica eating disorder, research finds Children who experience eating difficulties, including undereating, overeating, and fussy eating are more likely to experience pica—an eating disorder characterized by eating non-food items such as paper or soap—finds new research by Cardiff University.
	Baby's first tooth? Time for a visit to the dentist About 1 in 5 children in the U.S. between the ages of 2 and 5 will develop at least one cavity, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—and the rate of tooth decay only becomes higher as children get older. The results are far more than cosmetic: Poor oral health affects children's nutrition, speech, and ability to learn, among other things.
	As pickleball's popularity surges, injuries are also on the rise America's fastest-growing sport with the silly name—pickleball—continues to lure new players onto courts in droves. But before hopping into the game, UC San Diego Health physical therapists recommend acing a pickleball pre-game routine to help keep injuries at bay.
	Do one in six Indians over 59 really have a mild brain disorder, as a new study suggests? India is often perceived as a country with a young population, while European and North American populations are regarded as aging. Although this is true, the country's demographics are rapidly shifting, according to a UN study. And people aged 60 and over are expected to constitute 20% of the population by 2050.
	More heart attacks in rural areas due to poorer disease prevention In Germany, more people die of heart attacks in rural areas than in cities. This, however, cannot be explained by the so-called case fatality rate, which is the proportion of people who die as a result of a heart attack.
	Largest ever study of autistic people's research priorities finds need for focus on mental health The largest ever study of autistic people's priorities has revealed a desire to focus research on mental health, post-diagnosis support and social stigma.
	Flu hangs on in US, fading in some areas and intensifying in others The flu virus is hanging on in the U.S., intensifying in some areas of the country after weeks of an apparent national decline.
	Fatty acids rewire energy supply chain in stomach cancer development, study shows New research has revealed how metabolic changes spurred by fatty acids contribute to the transformation of cells into abnormal versions of themselves that are the precursors to stomach cancer.
	Vaccine shows promise against cytomegalovirus, a virus that causes birth defects An experimental mRNA vaccine against human cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus that can infect babies during pregnancy, elicited some of the most promising immune responses to date of any CMV vaccine candidate, according to a study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators.
	First individualized predictive model for multiple myeloma treatment Multiple myeloma remains challenging to treat. New therapeutic advances have improved outcomes, but selecting the right treatment for a patient can be complex because the disease can vary drastically from person to person. In a new article published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center researchers in collaboration with Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and groups around the world share results from a novel model that can provide tailored predictions of how individual patients respond to different therapies.
	Protein accumulation on fat droplets implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's disease UNC School of Medicine researcher Sarah Cohen, Ph.D., and Ian Windham, a former Ph.D. student from the Cohen lab, have made a new discovery about apolipoprotein E (APOE)—the biggest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
	Why are so many Australians taking antidepressants? Around one in seven Australians take antidepressants; more than 3.5 million of us had them dispensed in 2021–22. This is one of the highest antidepressant prescribing rates in the world.
	Recommendations for imaging in crystal-induced arthropathies Crystal-induced arthropathies (CiA) are caused by crystal deposits in a person's joints and associated tissues. The most frequent forms of these very common conditions be caused by three different types of crystals: monosodium urate (MSU), calcium pyrophosphate (CPP), and basic calcium phosphate (BCP).
	Low pay is driving primary-care doctors from New Jersey, endangering state residents A shortage of primary-care doctors endangers United States residents in general and New Jerseyans in particular, according to a report co-authored by Alfred Tallia, chair of the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
	Fecal microbiota transplants: Past, present and future The premise of fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) is, admittedly, not the most pleasant. The process involves transferring donor stool (or derivatives thereof) to a recipient for a therapeutic purpose—namely, to restore the microbiota to a state capable of resisting the gut pathogen Clostridioides difficile.

Other Sciences news

	Research reveals the key to an irresistible online dating profile In writing a good online dating profile, the average love-seeker will likely fill it up with all the appealing qualities and interests that make them special. They paraglide and do hot yoga on the weekends, enjoy Riesling on the beach or seeing indie bands in basements, are a Libra with Scorpio rising, or have a dog or three kids or an iguana. There's one thing they routinely leave out, however: what they want to know about their potential partner.
	Researcher: The war in Gaza is wiping out Palestine's education and knowledge systems Gaza's education system has suffered significantly since Israel's bombardment and assault on the strip began. Last month, Israel blew up Gaza's last standing university, Al-Israa University.
	Rethinking masculinity: Teaching men how to love and be loved How will young men learn to love when many messages seem to be either focused on what is wrong with them—or how they can dominate?
	Ski like a girl: Researchers reveal hidden histories of women in Nordic sport When Lyndsay Conrad dove into her archival research on early 20th-century ski history in Alberta, she found women were missing in the standard narratives, yet leap out in old University of Alberta yearbooks from the 1930s.
	New research shows students' knowledge and perceptions of active learning declined during pandemic-era teaching Students' knowledge and perceptions of active learning declined significantly during COVID-induced remote teaching and have not recovered to pre-pandemic levels, according to new research from Chapman University Assistant Professor Jeremy Hsu. The research was published in Active Learning in Higher Education.
	Study finds STEM training, apprenticeships increase work satisfaction Participation in a science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) apprenticeship program increased job happiness, finds a new study from the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis.
	Gangster lifestyles of young people may be altered through dialogue and education, research suggests ]On 28 October 2003, Barcelona became the backdrop for a tragic incident that would reverberate across the Spanish port city and beyond.
	'It needs to be talked about earlier': Some children get periods at 8, years before menstruation is taught at school Managing menstruation in public can be challenging at the best of times, but imagine being eight years old and having to deal with your period at school. You might need to change your pad during class and explain to your friends why you are not going to the swimming carnival. You might be scared you will bleed through your uniform because there aren't any sanitary bins in the junior years' bathroom.

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