Science X Newsletter Tue, Feb 13

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for February 13, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Astronomers discover massive protocluster around luminous quasar

Frequent marine heat waves in the Arctic Ocean will be the norm, says new study

New research opens avenues for more efficient and stable blue OLED displays

Greenland's ice sheet is melting and being replaced by vegetation, finds major satellite analysis

Study finds childhood bullying linked to distrust and mental health problems in adolescence

Compounds released by bleaching reefs promote bacteria, potentially stressing coral further

Vibrio natriegens: Low-cost microbe could speed biological discovery

Antibacterial agent carried by nanoparticles used to treat COPD in mice

Study finds high levels of physical activity lower risk of developing COVID-19 infection and hospitalization

Study finds polar bears unlikely to adapt to longer summers

Scents might help depressed individuals, new study says

Satellites unveil the size and nature of the world's coral reefs

New evidence changes key ideas about Earth's climate history

A new solution for energy transfer to heart pumps mitigates infection

Astronomy observation instrument used to uncover internal structure of atomic nuclei

Nanotechnology news

	Antibacterial agent carried by nanoparticles used to treat COPD in mice A team of nanochemists at Soochow University, in China, working with a colleague from Columbia University, in the U.S., has developed an inhalable antibacterial therapy carried by nanoparticles for treating patients with COPD. Their paper is published in the journal Science Advances.
	Researchers develop economical tool to facilitate identification of disease-causing pathogens SMU nanotechnology expert MinJun Kim helped a team of researchers at The University of Texas at Austin to develop a less expensive way to detect nuclease digestion—one of the critical steps in many nucleic acid sensing applications, such as those used to identify COVID-19.
	New nanosensors make diagnostic procedures more sensitive The Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems IMS and Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, have developed a process that enables a new form of signal amplification for diagnostic tests. Through the advanced use of luminescent single walled carbon nanotubes in bioanalytics, test procedures can be carried out more sensitively, quickly and cheaply.
	Scientists study the behaviors of chiral skyrmions in chiral flower-like obstacles In nature, the collective motion of some birds and fish, such as flocks of starlings and shoals of sardines, respectively, can generate impressive dynamic phenomena. Their study constitutes active matter science, which has been a topic of great interest for the past three decades.
	Overcoming fine process limits with linker ion affinity A research team has employed linker ions to pioneer a three-dimensional microprinting technology applicable to inorganic substances and other various materials. The work is published in the journal Nature Communications.
	Gold nanoparticles found to reverse brain deficits in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's Results from phase two clinical trials at UT Southwestern Medical Center showed that a suspension of gold nanocrystals taken daily by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly reversed deficits of metabolites linked to energy activity in the brain and resulted in functional improvements. The findings, published in the Journal of Nanobiotechnology, could eventually help bring this treatment to patients with these and other neurodegenerative diseases, according to the authors.
	Engineering a coating for disease-free produce Dr. Mustafa Akbulut, professor of chemical engineering, has teamed up with horticultural science professor Luis Cisneros-Zevallos to engineer longer-lasting, bacteria-free produce.

Physics news

	New research opens avenues for more efficient and stable blue OLED displays New research from scientists at Durham University reveals an unexpected pathway toward brighter, more efficient, and more stable blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
	Astronomy observation instrument used to uncover internal structure of atomic nuclei A group of researchers has used equipment originally intended for astronomy observation to capture transformations in the nuclear structure of atomic nuclei, reports a new study in Scientific Reports.
	Optical invention mirrors the image processing power of a human eye On a cold, sunny day, you're driving on a rural road, surrounded by snow-covered fields. In an instant, your eyes process the scene, picking out individual objects to focus on—a stop sign, a barn—while the rest of the scene blurs in the periphery. Your brain stores the focused and blurred images as a memory that can be pictured in your mind later, while sitting at your desk.
	Breakthrough in predicting chaotic outcomes in three-body systems A new study has unveiled a significant advancement in chaos theory, introducing a flux-based statistical theory that predicts chaotic outcomes in non-hierarchical three-body systems. This breakthrough holds practical implications for fields such as celestial mechanics, astrophysics, and molecular dynamics, offering a more efficient and precise approach to analyzing complex systems and enabling deeper exploration and understanding of chaotic phenomena.
	Greetings from the island of enhanced stability: The quest for the limit of the periodic table Since the turn of the century, six new chemical elements have been discovered and subsequently added to the periodic table of elements, the very icon of chemistry. These new elements have high atomic numbers up to 118 and are significantly heavier than uranium, the element with the highest atomic number (92) found in larger quantities on Earth.
	Researchers solve a foundational problem in transmitting quantum information Future quantum electronics will differ substantially from conventional electronics. Whereas memory in the latter is stored as binary digits, the former is stored as qubits, which can take many forms, such as entrapped electrons in nanostructures known as quantum dots. However, challenges in transmitting this information to anything further than the adjacent quantum dot have limited qubit design.
	Terahertz spatiotemporal wave synthesis in random systems A research team has developed a new technique that enables precise spatiotemporal control of terahertz waves as they pass through disordered materials.
	New InP-based modulator with record-high bit rates could help move more data faster As data traffic continues to increase, there is a critical need for miniaturized optical transmitters and receivers that operate with high-order multi-level modulation formats and faster data transmission rates.

Earth news

	Frequent marine heat waves in the Arctic Ocean will be the norm, says new study Marine heat waves will become a regular occurrence in the Arctic in the near future and are a product of higher anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions, according to a study just released by Dr. Armineh Barkhordarian from Universität Hamburg's Cluster of Excellence for climate research CLICCS.
	Greenland's ice sheet is melting and being replaced by vegetation, finds major satellite analysis An estimated 11,000 sq miles or 28,707 sq kilometers of Greenland's ice sheet and glaciers have melted over the last three decades, according to a major analysis of historic satellite records.
	New evidence changes key ideas about Earth's climate history A new study published in Science resolves a long-standing scientific debate, and it stands to completely change the way we think about Earth's climate evolution.
	Researchers studying ocean transform faults, describe a previously unknown part of the geological carbon cycle Studying a rock is like reading a book. The rock has a story to tell, says Frieder Klein, an associate scientist in the Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).
	Global survey shows broad majority of global population supports climate action A recent study by behavioral researchers at the University of Bonn, the Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE in Frankfurt, and the University of Copenhagen demonstrates for the first time that a broad majority of the world's population supports climate action and is willing to incur a personal cost to fight climate change.
	A century of reforestation helped keep the eastern US cool, study finds Widespread 20th-century reforestation in the eastern United States helped counter rising temperatures due to climate change, according to new research. The authors highlight the potential of forests as regional climate adaptation tools, which are needed along with a decrease in carbon emissions.
	Forever chemicals in ski wax are being spread on snowy slopes Every February half-term, I think back to the French ski trips I went on as a teenager. I remember the freshness of the cold, crisp air as I snow-plowed my way down the slopes. Escaping to somewhere seemingly so pristine felt like a world away from where I grew up in London.
	The escalating impact of global warming on atmospheric rivers Ribbons of water vapor called atmospheric rivers wind through the troposphere, moving the planet's moisture from near the equator toward the poles. These aerial waterways are responsible for about 20%–30% of the annual rain and snow in parts of Europe and the United States and more than 40% in East Asia during that area's warm season.
	Researchers investigate how lost ropes and fishing lines are handled by the Norwegian commercial fishing industry Lost fishing lines and ropes are a growing problem. As a leading fishing nation, Norway, with its long coastline and fish-rich waters, is particularly vulnerable to marine litter. A new study from NTNU shows that only a third of all ropes produced and sold in Norway can be recycled in a sustainable way.
	Years after governor's order, California is finally set to ban oil and gas fracking Nearly three years after Gov. Gavin Newsom directed it, California's oil and gas industry regulator kickstarted a process to outright ban hydraulic fracturing, the fossil fuel extraction method known as 'fracking.'
	Microplastics in soils: First consistent risk assessment Microplastics in soil are extremely diverse and complex. This makes it difficult to determine the risks of plastic pollution to soil life, which is an increasing concern among policymakers and scientists. Researchers from the Spanish Institute IMDEA Water and Wageningen University & Research now offer the first ecological risk assessment indicating that risks are to be expected.
	California's war on plastic bag use seems to have backfired: Lawmakers are trying again It was a decade ago when California became the first state in the nation to ban single-use plastic bags, ushering in a wave of anti-plastic legislation from coast to coast.
	Travel chaos as US northeast hit by snowstorm The northeastern United States was engulfed by snow Tuesday as a powerful winter storm battered the region, blanketing New York for the first time in two years and causing flight cancellations and school closures.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers discover massive protocluster around luminous quasar Astronomers from the Steward Observatory in Tucson, Arizona and elsewhere report the detection of a new massive protocluster. The structure was found around a luminous quasar known as J0910–0414. The discovery was detailed in a paper published February 2 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Astronomers discover Jupiter-sized objects drawn into each other's orbit In our most basic understanding of our solar system, planets are drawn into the orbit of our massive star, the sun. But what happens to planet-sized objects that don't have a star? A team of astronomers studying Jupiter-mass binary objects (JuMBOs) in the Orion Nebula is gaining a new understanding of these unusual systems. These massive, free-floating objects are being drawn into orbit with each other.
	Discovery of unexpected ultramassive galaxies may not rewrite cosmology, but still leaves questions Ever since the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) captured its first glimpse of the early universe, astronomers have been surprised by the presence of what appear to be more "ultramassive" galaxies than expected. Based on the most widely accepted cosmological model, they should not have been able to evolve until much later in the history of the universe, spurring claims that the model needs to be changed.
	Apollo to Artemis: Why America is betting big on private space A private Houston-based company is set this week to lead a mission to the moon which, if successful, will mark America's first lunar landing since the end of the Apollo era five decades ago.
	Bad weather forces Japan's space agency to delay launch of second test-flight of flagship rocket Japan's space agency on Tuesday postponed the launch of a second test flight of its new flagship rocket H3 series planned for this week because of bad weather forecast at the launch site. The delay comes as Japanese space officials scramble to ensure a successful liftoff, a year after the rocket's failed debut flight.
	US prestige at stake as Texas company launches for the moon Another month, another Moonshot: An American spaceship attempting a lunar landing is to launch early Wednesday, the second private-led effort this year after the first ended in failure.
	Measuring distances in the universe with fast radio bursts Now and then there is a bright radio flash somewhere in the sky. It can last anywhere from a few milliseconds to a few seconds. They appear somewhat at random, and we still aren't sure what they are. We call them fast radio bursts (FRBs). Right now the leading theory is that they are caused by highly magnetic neutron stars known as magnetars. With observatories such as CHIME we are now able to see lots of them, which could give astronomers a new way to measure the rate of cosmic expansion.
	Hiding in the crowd: The search for missing young stars Hundreds of thousands of stars are contained in this picture, an infrared image of Sagittarius C, a region near the center of the Milky Way. Taken with ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) in the Chilean Atacama Desert, this image is helping astronomers unlock a stellar puzzle.
	How NASA uses simple technology to track lunar missions NASA is using a simple but effective technology called Laser Retroreflective Arrays (LRAs) to determine the locations of lunar landers more accurately. They will be attached to most of the landers from United States companies as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Service (CLPS) initiative. LRAs are inexpensive, small, and lightweight, allowing future lunar orbiters or landers to locate them on the moon.
	Team assessing SHERLOC instrument on NASA's Perseverance rover Engineers are working to stabilize a dust cover on one of the science instrument's cameras.
	NASA solar sail technology passes crucial deployment test In his youth, NASA technologist Les Johnson was riveted by the 1974 novel "The Mote in God's Eye," by Jerry Pournelle and Larry Niven, in which an alien spacecraft propelled by solar sails visits humanity. Today, Johnson and a NASA team are preparing to test a similar technology.
	Image: Spiral galaxy NGC 4254's dazzling swirls NGC 4254, a spiral galaxy, is resplendent in orange and blue in this Jan. 29, 2024, image from the James Webb Space Telescope. This is one of 19 nearby spiral galaxies recently imaged by the telescope as part of the long-standing Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS) program supported by more than 150 astronomers worldwide.
	Into the belly of the rover: VIPER's final science instrument installed A team of engineers is preparing to integrate TRIDENT—short for The Regolith Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrain—into the belly of NASA's first robotic moon rover, VIPER (Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover).
	Vera Rubin's keen eye on our solar system will inspire future missions When the interstellar object (ISO) 'Oumuamua appeared in our solar system in 2017, it generated a ton of interest. The urge to learn more about it was fierce, but unfortunately, there was no way to really do so. It came and went, and we were left to ponder what it was made of and where it came from. Then, in 2019, the ISO comet Borisov came for a brief visit, and again, we were left to wonder about it.

Technology news

	Soft robot fingers that can carefully squeeze without sensors With a brief squeeze, you know whether an avocado, peach or tomato is ripe. This is what a soft robot hand also does, for example, during automated harvesting. However, up until now, such a gripper needed sensors in its 'fingers' to determine whether the fruit was ripe enough.
	A new way to let AI chatbots converse all day without crashing When a human-AI conversation involves many rounds of continuous dialogue, the powerful large language machine-learning models that drive chatbots like ChatGPT sometimes start to collapse, causing the bots' performance to rapidly deteriorate.
	Modeling shows green roofs can cool cities and save energy Extensive greenery coverage on building rooftops could significantly reduce temperatures at the city scale and decrease energy costs, according to a new study.
	Fiber optic cables are an effective way to detect tsunamis, researchers show Fiber optic cables that line ocean floors could provide a less expensive, more comprehensive alternative to the current buoys that act as early warning systems for tsunamis, says a University of Michigan researcher.
	Study reveals eco-friendly way to generate power from waste wood A new study by researchers at University of Limerick in Ireland has revealed a sustainable method of efficiently converting waste heat into electricity using Irish wood products, while minimizing costs and environmental impact.
	Bitcoin breaks $50,000 for first time since 2021 Bitcoin spiked above $50,000 Tuesday for the first time in more than two years as investors grow optimistic that US approval of broader trading in the unit will ramp up demand.
	OpenAI CEO warns that 'societal misalignments' could make artificial intelligence dangerous The CEO of ChatGPT-maker OpenAI said Tuesday that the dangers that keep him awake at night regarding artificial intelligence are the "very subtle societal misalignments" that could make the systems wreak havoc.
	Apple's iMessage, Microsoft's Bing escape EU rules Apple's iMessage and Microsoft's Bing search engine got a reprieve from tougher EU rules curbing how tech titans do business, the European Commission said on Tuesday.
	Our robot harvests cotton by reaching out and plucking it, like a lizard's tongue snatching flies Cotton is one of the most valuable crops grown in the U.S., with a harvest value of some US$7 billion yearly. It is cultivated across a crescent of 17 states stretching from Virginia to California and is used in virtually every type of clothing, as well as in medical supplies and home goods such as upholstery.
	The problems with dating apps and how they could be fixed—two relationship ethicists explain Hundreds of millions of people worldwide use dating apps. But only half of users say that they have had positive experiences. Indeed, a shocking 11% of female users under 50 have received threats of harm. Surely there's a better way to build these apps.
	Shrinkage porosity identified in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing When Mechanical Engineering Ph.D. candidate William Frieden Templeton intended to take a closer look at how laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) process parameters influence microstructure, he never expected to find a manufacturing defect previously overlooked in PBF-LB additive manufacturing.
	EU industries seek to profit from materials in wastewater For decades, most of the wastewater from the Mahou San Miguel brewery in the northeastern Spanish city of Lleida was flushed down the drain.
	Build biorefineries and let the natural world power Mexico's economy, suggests researcher Mexico could grow its economy while saving the planet by building biorefineries that can turn seaweed, sugar cane, cooking oil and even vegetable peel into fuel and pharmaceuticals. Now, the country needs a new 'bioeconomy plan' to unlock its potential, according to a large study from the University of Surrey and Mexico's Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, published in the Journal of Cleaner Production.
	Can AI write laws? Lawyer puts ChatGPT to the test A Charles Darwin University (CDU) academic has answered one of the modern-day legal world's most burning questions: Can Artificial Intelligence (AI) write laws?
	Road features that predict crash sites identified in new machine-learning model Issues such as abrupt changes in speed limits and incomplete lane markings are among the most influential factors that can predict road crashes, finds new research by University of Massachusetts Amherst engineers. The study then used machine learning to predict which roads may be the most dangerous based on these features.
	Benefits of heat pumps detailed in new report Millions of U.S. households would benefit from heat pumps, but the cost of installing the technology needs to come down to make their use a more attractive proposition, according to researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
	Stable profits, land preservation matter to farmers debating solar leases To solar or not to solar? While a stable and predictable profit is an important factor to Pennsylvania farmers considering leasing out their land for solar energy development, it's not enough on its own, according to a new study led by Penn State researchers.
	Algorithms don't understand sarcasm. Yeah, right! Sarcasm, a complex linguistic phenomenon often found in online communication, often serves as a means to express deep-seated opinions or emotions in a particular manner that can be in some sense witty, passive-aggressive, or more often than not demeaning or ridiculing to the person being addressed. Recognizing sarcasm in the written word is crucial for understanding the true intent behind a given statement, particularly when we are considering social media or online customer reviews.
	Research describes new protocol for stopping network interlopers Dr. Santosh Ganji, a recent computer engineering doctoral graduate, and Dr. P.R. Kumar, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas A&M University College of Engineering, work on the security of wireless networks.
	Biden on TikTok: 'lol' or national security worry? US President Joe Biden's debut on TikTok has caused a stir—not least because the Chinese-owned social media platform is still officially considered a security risk by Washington.
	Super Bowl draws record 123 million US viewers A record 123.4 million people tuned in to watch the Kansas City Chiefs beat the San Francisco 49ers in Sunday's Super Bowl—with the added attraction of an Usher-headlined halftime show and the attention-stealing presence of Taylor Swift.
	Cyberattack shuts down Colorado public defender's office A cyberattack on the Office of Colorado State Public Defender has forced the office to shut down its computer network, locking public defenders across the state out of critical work systems.
	Tech layoffs signal 'feeling economy' shift Tech company layoffs exceeded 260,000 in 2023, and continue in 2024. This, despite a robust job market in non-tech industries.

Chemistry news

	Exploring the effect of ring closing on fluorescence of supramolecular polymers In supramolecular chemistry, the self-assembly state of molecules plays a significant role in determining their tangible properties. Controlling the self-assembled state has garnered significant attention as it can be exploited to design materials with desired properties like charge transport capability and fluorescence wavelength.
	Researchers use mussel-derived proteins to develop customized underwater bio-adhesive patches The field of adhesives is diverse, catering to a wide range of applications from everyday uses like paper and fabric to specialized ones like woodwork. In the medical area, adhesives play a crucial role, from suturing internal wounds to attaching sensors and implanting medical devices. A recent breakthrough in this field has generated considerable excitement: the development of medical adhesives that are not only safe for human use but also customizable for different organs.
	Color-changing materials could safeguard nuclear material, other valuable substances Every over-the-counter medication bottle sports a protective seal, usually a plastic wrap or foam layer, or both. These seals offer signs of tampering attempts. In a parallel concern, the International Atomic Energy Agency relies on tamper-indicating devices to make sure it knows if containers of nuclear material have been opened or tampered with.
	New research reveals mechanisms of stiffening in paper pulp, could lead to improved recyclability One of the problems with paper recycling is that the fibers stiffen during the dewatering and drying processes, also known as hornification. The same thing happens to dishcloths, for example; they stiffen over time. New research can now explain the mechanisms of hornification, knowledge that will enable us to recycle paper fibers many more times compared to the current limit of between five and seven times.
	Video: Are ammonia engines the way of the future? Could ammonia engines power the cars of the future? Carmakers like Toyota are working to make this a reality.
	Exploring the chemistry behind love this Valentine's Day Chemistry in a relationship refers to the intense feelings of connection, passion, and romance that people share. This Valentine's Day, Dr. Alex Baker, a chemistry professor at the University of Warwick, explores the real chemistry behind chemistry. He explains how flowers and chocolates are as good as any love potion you could create to induce feelings of love.

Biology news

	Compounds released by bleaching reefs promote bacteria, potentially stressing coral further On healthy reefs around the world, corals, algae, fishes and microbes live interconnected and in balance—exchanging nutrients, resources, and chemical signals. However, new research led by the University of Hawai'i (UH) at Mānoa and the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) has revealed that when coral bleaching occurs, corals release unique organic compounds into the surrounding water that not only promote bacterial growth overall, but select for opportunistic bacteria that may further stress reefs.
	Vibrio natriegens: Low-cost microbe could speed biological discovery Cornell University researchers have created a new version of a microbe to compete economically with E. coli—a bacteria commonly used as a research tool due to its ability to synthesize proteins—to conduct low-cost and scalable synthetic biological experiments.
	Study finds polar bears unlikely to adapt to longer summers More time stranded on land means greater risk of starvation for polar bears, a new study indicates.
	Satellites unveil the size and nature of the world's coral reefs University of Queensland-led research has shown there is more coral reef area across the globe than previously thought, with detailed satellite mapping helping to conserve these vital ecosystems.
	Desert ants: Earth's magnetic field calibrates their navigation system They are only a few centimeters tall and their brains have a comparatively simple structure with less than 1 million neurons. Nevertheless, desert ants of the Cataglyphis genus possess abilities that distinguish them from many other creatures: The animals are able to orient themselves to the Earth's magnetic field.
	New CRISPR tool accelerates and optimizes genome editing CRISPR/Cas systems have undergone tremendous advancement in the past decade. These precise genome editing tools have applications ranging from transgenic crop development to gene therapy and beyond. And with their recent development of CRISPR-COPIES, researchers at the Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) are further improving CRISPR's versatility and ease of use.
	New study suggests birds began diversifying long before dinosaurs went extinct A multi-institutional, international team of evolutionary biologists, genetics specialists and phylogenomicists has found evidence that bird species began diversifying long before the dinosaurs went extinct.
	Researchers directly detect interactions between viruses and their bacterial hosts in soil Bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—are common in soil ecosystems. However, many of these phages have not been identified, and the bacteria they target are also a mystery.
	We're social beings: So are the microbes in our microbiomes The COVID-19 pandemic reminded us that social interactions transmit pathogens. But do humans spread "good" bugs, too? Very much so, say a team of biologists who are probing the links between the microbiome and health.
	Study sheds new light on behavior of humans' closest relatives: Chimpanzees A study by University of Stirling researchers has shed new light on the behavior of the closest living relatives of humans—chimpanzees. Researchers in the Division of Psychology found that chimpanzees will deploy strategies to maximize their chances of selection by potential cooperative partners.
	Why do flies fall in love? Researchers tease out the signals behind fruit fly courtship songs Like a Valentine's Day dinner or a box of chocolates, male fruit flies have their own rituals for wooing a potential mate.
	Researchers learn how nectar-laden honey bees avoid overheating Honey bees carrying nectar have the remarkable ability to adjust their flight behavior to avoid overheating when air temperatures increase, according to research led by a University of Wyoming scientist.
	Study suggests invasive spider tolerates urban landscape better than most native spiders The Jorō (Joro) spider was first spotted stateside around 2013 and has since been spotted across Georgia and the Southeast. New research from the University of Georgia has found more clues as to why the spider has been so successful in its spread.
	Researchers identify a decline in microbial genetic richness in the western Arctic Ocean The Arctic region is experiencing climate change at a much faster rate than the rest of the world. Melting ice sheets, runoff from thawing permafrost, and other factors are rapidly changing the composition of the Arctic Ocean's water. And that change is being experienced all the way down to the microbial level.
	Discovery of widespread coral diversity may change conservation efforts There may be many more species of coral than we ever imagined—according to researchers from Boston University, The University of Rhode Island (URI), and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI)—and they may change our approach to coral reef conservation and restoration efforts around the globe.
	New AI tool helps leverage database of 10 million biology images Researchers have developed the largest-ever dataset of biological images suitable for use by machine learning—and a new vision-based artificial intelligence tool to learn from it.
	Researchers discover that blocking an essential nutrient inhibits malaria parasite growth Living organisms often create what is needed for life from scratch. For humans, this process means the creation of most essential compounds needed to survive. But not every living thing has this capability, such as the parasite that causes malaria, which affected an estimated 249 million people in 2022.
	Red crossbills, bald eagles and other unexpected birds have been spotted in Chicago this winter After walking the grounds of the Morton Arboretum for hours on a December morning, John Leonard and fellow birders were preparing to go to lunch when they encountered a rare sight: a flock of 17 red crossbills flying overhead and landing on some pine trees.
	Flowers grown floating on polluted waterways can help clean up nutrient runoff and turn a profit Flowers grown on inexpensive floating platforms can help clean polluted waterways, over 12 weeks extracting 52% more phosphorus and 36% more nitrogen than the natural nitrogen cycle removes from untreated water, according to our new research. In addition to filtering water, the cut flowers can generate income via the multibillion-dollar floral market.
	Struggling seabirds thrown a lifeline by new commercial fishing ban in the North Sea—but it may not be enough With their bright, orange feet and colorful beaks full of glistening fish, puffins are really charismatic seabirds. But puffin populations are in decline, largely due to their struggle to catch enough of these shiny fish: sandeels.
	'CSI-like' investigations into box jellyfish movements could soon keep swimmers safer Work by a James Cook University researcher could soon keep swimmers safer, thanks to a revolutionary technology that can track one of the world's most venomous animals, the Australian box jellyfish.
	Researchers: Australians would rather save a single human life than prevent an entire species from becoming extinct Australia is in the grip of an escalating extinction crisis. Since colonization, 100 native plant and animal species have become formally listed as extinct due to human activities. The actual number is undoubtedly far higher.
	The world's spectacular animal migrations are dwindling. Fishing, fences and development are fast-tracking extinctions In 1875, trillions of Rocky Mountain locusts gathered and began migrating across the western United States in search of food. The enormous swarm covered an area larger than California. Three decades later, these grasshoppers were extinct.
	Business operations affect fishermen's resilience to climate change, new study finds Timothy Frawley has spent the better of the past two decades working in and around commercial fisheries. Born and raised in Casco Bay, Maine, he grew up packing lobsters and pitching bait on Portland's working waterfront. He has worked in commercial fisheries in California, Alaska and the Mexican state of Baja California Sur.
	Secrets of night parrot unlocked after first genome sequenced Researchers at CSIRO, Australia's national science agency, have sequenced the first genome of the night parrot, one of the world's rarest and most elusive birds. The development will answer questions about population genetics and biology that could boost conservation hopes for the recently rediscovered species.
	Trail cameras track 'critically low' New York bobcat population With thousands of strategically placed cameras covering more than 27,000 square miles in central and western New York, biologists have obtained evidence that bobcat populations remain critically low in central and western New York state.
	How to buy sustainable salmon: An expert guide to navigating the nuance of eco-labels We've all been there. You're in the supermarket freezer aisle trying to make sense of the different labels on seafood products. You know the oceans are in trouble and you're trying to do the right thing, but the information is confusing and seemingly contradictory.
	French fungus as a biocontrol agent against sea spurge in Australia Field trials have confirmed the successful establishment of Venturia paralias, a biocontrol agent for sea spurge. This line in the sand marks the first time the fungus has established at release sites. It has now begun to spread.

Medicine and Health news

	Study finds childhood bullying linked to distrust and mental health problems in adolescence A new study, co-led by UCLA Health and the University of Glasgow, found that young teenagers who develop a strong distrust of other people as a result of childhood bullying are substantially more likely to have significant mental health problems as they enter adulthood compared to those who do not develop interpersonal trust issues.
	Study finds high levels of physical activity lower risk of developing COVID-19 infection and hospitalization A cohort study of older adults found that those who followed recommended exercise guidelines before the pandemic had significantly lower odds of being infected or hospitalized from COVID-19 than those who did not follow guidelines
	Scents might help depressed individuals, new study says Smelling a familiar scent can help depressed individuals recall specific autobiographical memories and potentially assist in their recovery, discovered a team of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine researchers and UPMC social workers in a study published in JAMA Network Open.
	A new solution for energy transfer to heart pumps mitigates infection Roughly 1 in 2 wearers of ventricular assist devices are diagnosed with an infection. The reason for this is the thick cable for the power supply. ETH Zurich researchers have now developed a solution to mitigate this problem.
	Oxytocin: The love hormone that holds the key to better memory Oxytocin (OXT) is a hormone that is known for its effects on psychological well-being and emotional bonding in animals. Interestingly, research has shown that this natural chemical in the brain plays a crucial role in other cognitive processes as well, including learning and memory.
	Clinical trial shows immunotherapy before surgery leads to promising long-term survival in sarcoma patients Patients with soft-tissue sarcoma treated with neoadjuvant, or pre-surgical, immunotherapy had very little residual tumor at the time of surgery and promising long-term survival, according to Phase II trial results published in Nature Cancer by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
	UTI drug gepotidacin performs well in clinical trials compared to nitrofurantoin A team of medical researchers with affiliations to British multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has found that a new antibiotic drug the company developed to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) performs well compared to nitrofurantoin in two clinical trials.
	Vibrating glove helps stroke patients recover from muscle spasms After a stroke, survivors often experience uncontrollable spasms that can twist their arms and hands into perpetual fists. The only treatments are expensive, frequently painful injections of botulinum toxin or oral medications so strong they may put patients to sleep. Both offer only temporary relief.
	Type 2 diabetes alters the behavior of disks in the vertebral column, study shows Type 2 diabetes alters the behavior of disks in the vertebral column, making them stiffer, and also causes the disks to change shape earlier than normal. As a result, the disk's ability to withstand pressure is compromised. This is one of the findings of a new study in rodents from a team of engineers and physicians from the University of California San Diego, UC Davis, UCSF and the University of Utah.
	Are stressed-out brain cells the root cause of neurodegenerative disease? Many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, are characterized by the accumulation of protein clumps, or aggregates, in the brain, which has led scientists to assume that the protein tangles kill brain cells. The search for treatments that break up and remove these tangled proteins has had little success, however.
	How a novel drug pushes the HIV capsid to breaking point Just over a year ago, the European Union and the US Food and Drug Administration approved a new anti-retroviral drug to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Lenacapavir is the first drug available to patients that is designed to home in on the HIV's protective armor—the HIV capsid.
	A newly developed therapeutic strategy offers potential in treating neurofibromatosis type 1 skin tumors Researchers from the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) have made progress in exploring potential treatments for skin tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Their findings in cell models have been published in the journal JCI Insight.
	Genetics research could revolutionize how bowel cancer is treated New research led by a team of scientists from Queen's University Belfast and the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Scotland Institute in Glasgow have made a series of groundbreaking discoveries into tumor biology that may be used to deliver a more effective personalized medicine approach for patients with bowel (colorectal) cancer.
	In rural states, gardening and foraging helped prevent hunger during COVID: Study New research on rural New Englanders shows that gardening, hunting, fishing and other HWFP activities are important tools for maintaining food security through extreme events, such as pandemics or climate change events.
	Neural prosthetic device can help humans restore memory A team of scientists from Wake Forest University School of Medicine and the University of Southern California (USC) have demonstrated the first successful use of a neural prosthetic device to recall specific memories.
	New assay identifies clinically relevant gene fusions in pediatric tumors more accurately and efficiently Identification of specific gene fusions is critical for the successful targeted treatment of pediatric cancer patients. Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have developed a novel assay that automatically integrates the data from multiple fusion identification tools (callers) and efficiently and accurately identifies clinically relevant gene fusions in pediatric tumors.
	Risk of death from chikungunya continues for up to three months, finds analysis People infected with the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) still have an increased risk of death from complications for up to three months post-infection, according to new research published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
	Acupuncture may curb heightened risk of stroke associated with rheumatoid arthritis A course of acupuncture may curb the heightened risk of stroke associated with rheumatoid arthritis, finds a comparative study published in the open access journal BMJ Open.
	Gene's role in attaining and maintaining muscle mass revealed in new study New research from Northwestern University has uncovered a previously unexplored relationship between a gene critical to immune cells and the establishment and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength in mice.
	Drug used for cocaine addiction may pave way for new treatment of advanced colon cancer A new, cutting-edge study from the University of Ottawa (uOttawa) has found vanoxerine, a drug initially developed for the treatment of cocaine addiction, could impede advanced colorectal cancer stem cells by essentially re-wiring critical gene networks.
	Clinical trial shows rheumatoid arthritis drug could prevent disease A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis could also prevent the disease in individuals deemed to be at risk. Results from a Phase 2b clinical trial, published today in The Lancet by researchers led by King's College London, provide hope for arthritis sufferers after it was shown that the biologic drug abatacept reduces progression to this agonizing chronic inflammatory disease.
	Exposure to Agent Orange damages brain tissue in ways similar to Alzheimer's disease, study reveals Agent Orange, an herbicide used during the Vietnam War, is a known toxin with wide-ranging health effects. Even though Agent Orange has not been used for decades, there is increasing interest in its effects on the brain health of aging veterans. A new study by scientists at Brown University reveals the mechanisms by which Agent Orange affects the brain and how those processes can lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
	Updating allocation algorithms could help donor hearts reach the transplant patients who need them most Receiving a heart transplant is a matter of life and death for many patients. Every time a heart becomes available, a "match run" is created to generate a list of transplant candidates ranked by an algorithm based on medical urgency, geography and pediatric status. Unfortunately, deceased donor organs are very scarce in the United States—so much so that some patients aren't even placed on waitlists because it's too unlikely that a heart will become available to them.
	Data-driven app results in 25% fewer emergency hospital admissions from care homes The use of a digital remote monitoring technology in care homes has been found to reduce hospital A&E attendances by 11% and emergency admissions by 25% in a new study from the Health Data Research UK (HDR UK) Better Care program, published today in Age and Ageing.
	Plant-based diet tied to improved sexual health in men treated for prostate cancer A diet that limits meat and dairy but is rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts is linked to less erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and other common side effects seen in prostate cancer patients, a new study shows.
	Quality of care for patients who call 911 varies greatly across the US, study finds Emergency medical service (EMS) systems are not consistently providing optimal care based on new national standards of quality to patients who call 911, according to a new study from the Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai.
	New research finds no impairment on simulated driving performance from medical cannabis when used as prescribed A new study conducted by researchers at Swinburne University of Technology's Centre for Human Psychopharmacology has made significant findings in the field of medical cannabis use. Published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology in February 2024, the research suggests that medical cannabis, when used as prescribed for a chronic health condition, has a negligible impact on simulated driving performance.
	Oregon officials report bubonic plague in local resident. They say there's little risk to community Public health officials in Oregon have reported a case of bubonic plague in a local resident who they said likely contracted it from a pet cat.
	Elderly Alaska man is first reported person to die of recently discovered Alaskapox virus An elderly man has died from Alaskapox, the first known fatality from the recently discovered virus, state health officials said.
	Recommendations for tests to support diagnosis of syphilis In a report issued by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published online Feb. 8 in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, recommendations are presented for tests that can support a diagnosis of syphilis, including identification of Treponema pallidum.
	Racial, ethnic disparities seen for safety events in hospitalized children There are racial and ethnic disparities in safety events for hospitalized children, according to a study published online Feb. 12 in Pediatrics.
	Study finds initial outcomes comparable for differing Dupuytren contracture treatments For patients with Dupuytren contracture, initial outcomes are similar for surgery, needle fasciotomy, and collagenase, but outcomes are superior for surgery at two years, according to a study published online Feb. 12 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	FDA's plan to ban hair relaxer chemical called too little, too late In April, a dozen years after a federal agency classified formaldehyde a human carcinogen, the Food and Drug Administration is tentatively scheduled to unveil a proposal to consider banning the chemical in hair-straightening products.
	Frustrations rise as shortage of Adderall, other ADHD medication continues All Jennifer Howell wanted was to find medication for her son. Instead, she was caught in a maze of desperate phone calls to pharmacies and physicians.
	Hand-held biosensor using saliva sample makes breast cancer screening fast, affordable, and accurate Breast cancer is on the rise, but new tools for early detection could save lives. In Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, researchers from the University of Florida and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in Taiwan reported successful results from a hand-held breast cancer screening device that can detect breast cancer biomarkers from a tiny sample of saliva.
	Gastric bypass improves long-term diabetes remission, even after weight recurrence: Study Adults who have obesity and type 2 diabetes are much more likely to see their diabetes stay in remission if they undergo gastric bypass surgery rather than sleeve gastrectomy, even after regaining weight, according to a study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons.
	Ophthalmologists develop novel protocol to rapidly diagnose and treat eye stroke Ophthalmologists at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai (NYEE) have created a novel protocol to rapidly diagnose eye stroke and expedite care to prevent irreversible vision loss.
	New study finds no significant association between preterm delivery and autism Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is one of the most common developmental disorders and is increasingly diagnosed worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated one in 100 children has autism. In the U.S., those numbers are much higher, with an estimated one in 36 children being diagnosed with autism, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Clinical trial shows durvalumab plus ceralasertib boosted immune response in lung cancer patients A specific combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy may better help patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) overcome inherent immune resistance and reinvigorate anti-tumor activity, according to a new study led by a researcher from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
	Novel blood metabolite biomarkers linked to Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects memory and thinking in the elderly. With a projected global increase in the number of affected individuals, reaching an estimated 152.8 million by 2050, health care systems are grappling with a substantial burden. There is an urgency to improve the understanding of its origin and find effective solutions for this growing public health issue.
	New research reveals the effects of living with antibiotic resistance One of the first studies in the UK into what life is like for people living with antibiotic-resistant infections has revealed new ways to support those living with debilitating conditions
	Q&A: Professor discusses climate change's negative effects on mental health Associate professor and clinical psychologist, Sarah Lowe's research centers on the long-term mental health consequences of traumatic and stressful life events that affect individuals and communities, including those related to climate change. In a recent study published in Nature Mental Health, Lowe, associate professor of public health (social and behavioral sciences) and psychiatry, and her colleagues from other universities, conducted a systematic review of the link between slow-onset or chronic climate change and mental health.
	Q&A: How does self-esteem affects relationships? In February, as some people's thoughts turn toward romance, they might wonder: What does it take to keep a relationship strong? Dr. Joanne Wood, distinguished professor emerita in Psychology, explains how one's self-esteem plays a role.
	Romance isn't always rosy, sometimes it's sickening—lovesickness, erotomania and death by heartbreak explained Absence makes the heart grow fonder. All you need is love. It's better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.
	Giving birth in Sweden: Outcomes are worse for foreign-born mothers Sweden has consistently reported some of the lowest rates of maternal and child mortality in the world. Unfortunately, these achievements don't extend to foreign-born mothers who face higher risks for all forms of negative pregnancy outcomes.
	Study shows sense of smell is impacted by vaping Sensory changes may be an unexpected side effect of vaping, new University of Otago research shows. The study, carried out in collaboration with the National Institute for Health Innovation and published in the journal Appetite, assessed the potential effects of vaping on the sense of taste and smell among young New Zealanders.
	A social worker explains how to improve quality of life for the growing population of family caregivers Millions of Americans have become informal family caregivers: people who provide family members or friends with unpaid assistance in accomplishing daily tasks such as bathing, eating, transportation and managing medications.
	First child cured of rare brain tumor 'offers real hope' When Lucas was diagnosed with a rare type of brain tumor at the age of six, there was no doubting the prognosis.
	Study shows rapid COVID-19 tests done at home are reliable In a study involving nearly 1,000 patients seen at the Baltimore Convention Center Field Hospital (BCCFH) during a five-month period in 2022—researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine, the University of Maryland School of Medicine and five other collaborators report that a rapid antigen test (RAT) for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can be used at home with accuracy comparable to the same test being administered by a health care professional.
	Dating apps: How the order you view potential matches can affect which way you swipe If you're planning to celebrate Valentine's Day with a new partner, there's a good chance that you met online, which surveys suggest is fast becoming the most popular way people get together. Of course, searching through profile after profile brings with it a variety of difficulties.
	Evaluating the quality of civilian transitions in post-9/11 veterans Researchers at Penn State's Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness (Clearinghouse) have developed a new framework for assessing the quality of military-to-civilian transitions (MTCTs) among post-9/11 veterans.
	Research finds 'Goldilocks hormone' crucial for male fertility Correct development of testes in a male fetus—and fertility later in life—depend on a crucial hormone being at just the right level.
	Sandalwood oil by-product found to prevent prostate cancer development in mice Extracted from the core of sandalwood trees (santalum album tree), sandalwood oil has been used for many centuries by several cultures throughout the world for perfume, soaps, incense, and candles. With its earthy, sweet scent, this essential oil is also used in the food industry and topically in various cosmetic preparations.
	Better diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis A group of international mycology experts led by Professor Dr. Oliver A. Cornely at the University of Cologne has jointly drafted a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis, which aims at improving infection management and, thus, the survival rate of patients. Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection of mainly the lungs that might lead to meningitis.
	Age when periods first start and early menopause linked to heightened COPD risk A range of reproductive factors, including the age when periods first start and early menopause, are all linked to a heightened risk of COPD—the umbrella term for progressive lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties—finds research published online in the journal Thorax.
	Hostile environment policies linked to prolonged distress in people with Black Caribbean ancestry Psychological distress increased among people with Black Caribbean heritage in the UK, relative to the White population, following the 2014 Immigration Act and the Windrush scandal, finds a new study led by UCL researchers.
	A closer look at cannabis use and binge eating New research from Drexel University's Center for Weight, Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center) examined how often people experiencing binge eating are also using cannabis recreationally and whether patients who use cannabis experience more severe eating disorder symptoms or symptoms of struggling with mental health.
	New trial highlights incremental progress towards a cure for HIV-1 Antiretroviral therapies (ART) stop HIV replication in its tracks, allowing people with HIV to live relatively normal lives. However, despite these treatments, some HIV still lingers inside cells in a dormant state known as "latency." If ART is discontinued, HIV will awaken from its dormant state, begin to replicate, and cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To create a cure, researchers have been attempting to drive HIV out of latency and target it for destruction.
	Study finds bias-based bullying amplifies emotional distress in youth with multiple marginalized social positions Youth who share similar social positions of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender have much greater levels of emotional distress if they have experienced bias-based bullying—defined as racist, homophobic or transphobic bullying—according to a new study from the University of Minnesota Medical School.
	New test could predict immunotherapy responders for broader range of cancers than current tools A newly identified genetic marker could potentially predict which patients are likely to respond to immunotherapy in cancer types that have lacked such tools until now, according to a new study published in Cancer Immunology Research.
	Examining the potential of the common bovine as a potential therapeutic research model Research involving animal models—for purposes such as developing new vaccines or regenerative medicines—generally employs mice, but new Cornell research has identified another species that could be valuable to supplement this type of work.
	Interactions between flu subtypes found to predict epidemic severity more than virus evolution Researchers have shed new light on how viral evolution, population immunity, and the co-circulation of other flu viruses shape seasonal flu epidemics.
	Poor quality clinical data informing NICE decisions on treatments in over half of cases The quality of evidence submitted to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for informing its decisions to recommend technologies for use in the NHS was poor in more than half of cases, reveals a 20-year analysis published in the open access journal BMJ Open.
	Research finds food and eating linked to social and emotional well-being Researchers at QUT have investigated the association between social isolation, or loneliness, and food and eating-related behaviors both during and outside of COVID-19 lockdowns.
	Examining the ethical duality of using prescription drug monitoring programs in the fight against opioids Saint Louis University's Liz Chiarello, Ph.D., associate professor of sociology, recently published an article in the American Sociological Review. The article explores pharmacists' use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and the ethical and practical application of PDMPs in health care.
	Exploring how anabolic steroid use can increase heart disease risk People using anabolic steroids could be increasing their underlying risk of a heart condition called atrial fibrillation, a new study has found.
	Machine learning can predict eyes at risk for diabetic retinopathy progression Automated machine learning models may help identify eyes at risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression based on ultra-widefield retinal images, according to a study published online Feb. 8 in JAMA Ophthalmology.
	A quarter of Americans breathe 'unhealthy air,' report shows Few can forget the haunting images of New York City bathed in a thick orange smog after smoke from Canadian wildfires swept southward last summer.
	Pediatric sickle cell disease team uses pain screening to improve care A recent study from researchers at University Hospitals (UH) Connor Whole Health and UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital describes a quality improvement project where pain screening procedures were embedded within an outpatient pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) clinic.
	Web-based resource provides precise classification of dual genome variants of primary mitochondrial disease A multi-institutional team of researchers led by teams at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) has developed a user-friendly, web-based genomic dataset analysis platform to help researchers more easily identify likely disease-causing gene variants in patients with suspected mitochondrial disease.
	An Oregon resident was diagnosed with the plague. Here are a few things to know about the illness Officials in central Oregon this week reported a case of bubonic plague in a resident who likely got the disease from a sick pet cat.
	Advancing biomedical diagnostics: Compact photoacoustic sensing instrument for breast tissue characterization In the realm of biomedical sciences, the quest for accurate and efficient diagnostic tools is ever-evolving. One such promising innovation making waves is the photoacoustic (PA) technique. In the past decade, PA imaging has emerged as a viable imaging modality demonstrated in many clinical applications with promising outcomes. Unlike traditional methods, PA offers a noninvasive approach to probing biological tissues, yet the technique has still been limited in wide clinical applications, partially due to bulky and expensive laser sources.
	Exercise apps do not meet older people's needs, according to study In a context in which physical exercise is considered a key factor in healthy aging, a group of researchers led by the physiotherapist at the Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili health complex Luis Soto, working with experts in digital health at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), examined mobile applications for exercise available in the leading app stores. Their objective was to establish their usefulness for the online prescription of physical exercise and to determine whether they are adapted to older people's needs.
	Research explores the gender dynamics of voice recognition in infants A new study by a University of Toronto Mississauga psychology student has identified an intriguing difference in how babies relate to the voices of male and female adults.
	Treatment of preventable gum disease, caries and tooth loss totals 4.9% of global health care expenditure: Report A new Economist Impact white paper, "Time to put your money where your mouth is: Addressing inequalities in oral health," is published today, commissioned by the EFP (European Federation of Periodontology) with support from Haleon. The paper explores the escalating burden of periodontitis and caries, highlighting the critical associations between these two diseases, and proposing a combined approach to level up the population's oral and systemic health outcomes.
	Study identifies new way to study proteins involved in breast cancer Through innovative exploratory work, scientists have identified a new way to study proteins that are involved in the development of the majority of breast cancers.
	Heat stress may affect the muscles for longer than we think People who experience heat stress during exercise may need more recovery time to let their muscles heal, according to a new mouse study published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.
	Mucus contains vital data to help address diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer New research from UBC Okanagan could make monitoring gut health easier and less painful by tapping into a common—yet often overlooked—source of information: the mucus in our digestive system that eventually becomes part of fecal matter.
	Not too late to repair: Gene therapy improves advanced heart failure in animal model Heart failure remains the leading cause of mortality in the U.S. During a heart attack blood stops flowing into the heart. Without oxygen, part of the heart muscle dies. The heart muscle does not regenerate; instead, it replaces dead tissue with a scar made of cells called fibroblasts that do not help the heart pump. If there is too much scarring, the heart progressively enlarges, or dilates, weakens and eventually stops working.
	Urban-rural vaccination divide underscores need for change, according to study Visible gaps between rural and urban COVID-19 vaccination rates highlight the need for tailored health responses, University of Otago researchers argue.
	New research sheds light on role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis A new research paper titled "IL-17 promotes IL-18 production via the MEK/ERK/miR-4492 axis in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts" has been published in Aging.
	Team uncovers social, economic factors influencing acute liver failure in children, and ways to overcome them Imagine your healthy child gets sick—so sick that you take them to the emergency department. You are shocked to find out that their liver is failing, and they will need a transplant to survive. Studies show that their chances of survival are higher the faster they can get to a hospital that performs liver transplants. But what factors affect how quickly that happens?
	New study reveals dynamic impact of nicotine on brain regions responsible for reward and aversion A new study led by researchers at the Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine sheds light on the intricate interplay of brain regions involved in nicotine's effects on the human brain.
	Radiopharmaceutical therapy controls symptoms and reduces medications in insulinoma patients Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is effective for clinical control of symptomatic metastatic insulinomas, according to new research published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. In the largest study to date of metastatic insulinoma patients treated with PRRT, more than 80% of patients had long-lasting symptom control, and nearly 60% were able to reduce the use of other drugs to treat the disease.
	Research finds ED use increases for transgender, gender-diverse medicare beneficiaries Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) Medicare beneficiaries are more likely to use the emergency department than their cisgender peers, according to a research letter published online Feb. 12 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
	Rutgers researchers receive funding to study perceptions of a ban on menthol cigarettes Researchers at Rutgers University have received more than $7 million to study disinformation and marketing around a proposed federal ban on menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars—with a particular focus on how such information affects Black and Hispanic smokers.
	Why ban ham from school canteens? And what are some healthier alternatives for kids' lunches? Western Australia has introduced a limit on ham in school canteens. Parents are reportedly confused and frustrated. So what has changed and what evidence is it based on?
	Isometric exercise: Using body weight to lower blood pressure When you think about exercise, sweating through a cycling class, adding up miles from a brisk walk or pumping iron in the weight room may come to mind. But there's a different form of exercise that uses something besides movement to give you a workout. It's isometric exercise, which is gaining attention for its role in helping lower and control your blood pressure.
	Q&A: How a social connection expert stays connected and why Once a week, social connectedness expert Dr. Julianne Holt-Lunstad takes an afternoon to ski with her husband, Nathan. During the pandemic, the Salt Lake City couple started hiking together regularly. And after 30 years of marriage, they still set aside time to go out on dates.
	Swedish study highlights dissatisfaction with postnatal care during the pandemic "An absurd decision," "a scandal," and "I meant nothing." These are some harsh words when describing the ban on partners in postnatal wards during the pandemic, from a partner perspective. A study from the University of Gothenburg reveals a picture of how the exclusion was perceived.
	Trust in NHS advice key to COVID vaccine uptake, study finds People's trust in the NHS was linked to increased uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic, a study suggests.
	Helping a loved one with dementia enjoy Valentine's day When a loved one has dementia, Valentine's Day can be bittersweet.
	New research shows minimally invasive therapy is effective in treating chronic subdural hematoma The Society of Neurolnterventional Surgery (SNIS) is acknowledging middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) as a beneficial adjunctive treatment for chronic subdural hematoma in light of new research. The minimally invasive MMAE procedure significantly reduced the failure rates of traditional surgical and non-surgical management strategies without an increased rate of serious neurological complications.

Other Sciences news

	Short corrective comments can help social media users to spot false information, study shows Research shows reading corrections from others online can reduce the perceived accuracy of and engagement with incorrect content. Experts found the format and strength of corrective comments do not matter much. Social media users do not need to write long and detailed comments to flag false content.
	Studies find teenagers need better reproductive health education to tackle parenthood fears Nearly half of teenagers are worried about having children and many lack knowledge about their reproductive health, find two new studies by University College London researchers.
	Roads, farming threaten Ecuador 'lost city' complex Shielded by the jungle for hundreds of years, the remains of a massive 2,500-year-old network of Ecuadoran cities are being threatened by road and farm encroachment just as its long-held secrets are being revealed, researchers say.
	Determining who gets blamed when cars hit pedestrians A new study examines the circumstances behind who is found at fault when cars hit pedestrians in an urban area.
	Study measures the psychological toll of wildfires Wildfires in Southeast Asia significantly affect peoples' moods, especially if the fires originate outside a person's own country, according to a new study.
	University rankings are unscientific and bad for education: Experts point out the flaws We rank almost everything. The top 10 restaurants in our vicinity, the best cities to visit, the best movies to watch. To understand whether the rankings were any good you'd want know who was doing the ranking. And what it was they were looking for.
	China's doom loop: A dramatically smaller (and older) population could create a devastating global slowdown China has announced that in 2023 its population declined from 1.4118 to 1.4097 billion people. Forecasting by the UN suggests China's population will dip to 1.313 billion by 2050 and then down to about 800 million by 2100. This is a significant change and will have ramifications well beyond its borders.
	Fears about falling birthrate in England and Wales are misplaced—the population is due to grow for years to come The number of babies born in England and Wales in 2022 fell by 3.1% compared to the previous year. The average age of parents is also at a record high, as people choose to delay having children. The average age of mothers is now nearly 31.
	What are 'multiplication facts'? Why are they essential to your child's success in math? One of the essential skills students need to master in primary school mathematics are "multiplication facts."
	Boston's approach to 'problem properties' could help improve cities across the US, new research finds Communities across the country have been trying to tackle "problem properties," centers for crime, violence and other public safety concerns. For the first time, research proves how effective these strategies can be.
	The use of technology in policing should be regulated to protect people from wrongful convictions, says researcher The proliferation of technology for everyday living can be seen through ChatGPT writing term papers or robots serving meals at a restaurant.
	Do feminists have better sex? Yes, they do, researcher says You might've heard the stereotype that feminists are just angry women who need to find a man who can satisfy them sexually. It is an old trope that has been with us since at least the 1970s.
	AI 'companions' promise to combat loneliness, but history shows the dangers of one-way relationships The United States is in the grips of a loneliness epidemic: Since 2018, about half the population has reported that it has experienced loneliness. Loneliness can be as dangerous to your health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, according to a 2023 surgeon general's report.
	'I'm watching you' behavior produces racial disparities in school discipline, study suggests During the 2020–21 school year, the number of Black male students involved in disciplinary outcomes at school was disproportionately high compared to their enrollment numbers in kindergarten through grade 12, according to a report the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights published in November that surveyed student discipline in U.S. public schools. Specifically, the data indicated that Black boys were nearly two times more likely than white boys to receive an out-of-school suspension or an expulsion.
	Migrant and refugee children need early education supports, too Early childhood educators need more support to deliver positive outcomes for Australia's most vulnerable children—including migrant and refugee children—say early childhood experts at the University of South Australia.
	Are you really in love? How expanding your love lexicon can change your relationships and how you see yourself What is love? Could those feelings you label as love be something else?
	Study reveals the importance of parental trust in schools for reducing exclusionary discipline When a teacher refers a student to the principal's office or a principal suspends a student, parents might first receive a phone call and then have a conference with administrators and teachers. But what role do prior interactions and the relationships between families and school personnel play in successfully minimizing these instances of exclusionary discipline?
	Which day of the week gets the most people to vote? Researchers analyze thousands of international elections to find out In the aftermath of elections, one of the issues usually discussed in the media is the amount of people who turned out to vote. This is known as "participation" or "voter turnout."
	Hankering for status found to drive non-executive directors to outstay effectiveness Long-serving non-executive directors (NEDs) who can't wean themselves off the social status attached to belonging to the corporate board are failing shareholders and damaging the companies they are meant to serve, new research from the University of Bath and Queensland University of Technology shows.
	Successful employer-driven disability initiatives benefit individuals and companies, finds study Successful employer-driven disability initiatives share certain characteristics, even when the companies and programs differ in other ways.
	Technology with empathy: Using conversational agents in education Artificial intelligence and natural language processing technologies are driving the use of pedagogical conversational agents with empathic capabilities. They are virtual tools (e.g., chatbots) that are able to evoke an empathetic reaction in the student while helping them develop their skills.
	Cross-cultural TikTok study offers insights into user behavior and motivations TikTok is a popular social media platform where users can create and share short videos, often featuring music, dance, comedy, and other creative content.
	Poor housing and refugee homelessness highlighted in new reports Two new reports based on research led by the University of Huddersfield's Professor Philip Brown have highlighted issues surrounding housing and homelessness during the cost-of-living crisis.
	Involvement leads to better solutions for people with disabilities The atmosphere on the bus is cheerful. A group of young people with disabilities are testing an app they have helped develop. This app is designed to make it easier for them to take the bus to and from work.
	Power of nostalgia: Vintage typography can build emotional connections, influence attitudes, boost willingness to pay Researchers from University of Newcastle–Australia have published a new Journal of Marketing study that examines how brands can use references to the past via vintage typography to establish emotional bonds with today's consumers.
	The San people of southern Africa: Where ethics codes for researching indigenous people could fail them There is a long and often complicated history of researchers studying Indigenous people. In 1999, the education scholar Linda Tuhiwai-Smith, in her book "Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples, "emphasized the colonial character of much research. She warned that it "brings with it a new wave of exploration, discovery, exploitation and appropriation."
	Research analyzes energy poverty in La Cañada Real, Spain About 4,000 people in Madrid, almost half of the inhabitants of La Cañada Real, have experienced extreme energy poverty. That is one of the conclusions of a study by researchers at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) that analyses the energy uses and needs of the population of La Cañada Real Galiana between 2020 and 2022.
	How researchers are helping address group violence in Baltimore The Baltimore Police Department's Western District has historically had the highest rates of homicides in the city and among the highest in the country. Looking through Baltimore crime data from 2020, Anthony Braga, the Jerry Lee Professor of Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania, points out that nearly 70% of all homicides involved a group member, such as a person in a gang, drug-selling crew, or robbery group.
	Expert on dimorphous expressions explains the term 'cute aggression' A romantic spark this Valentine's Day could lead to playful bites of a partner, tears of joy at the sight of an engagement ring or the birth of a baby who's so cute you just want to pinch him.
	Study calls for more 'wraparound support' for young mothers leaving state care in Wales A "concerning proportion" of care-experienced young mothers (mothers who have spent varying levels of time in state care) in Wales—one in every six (17%)—have experienced at least one of their own children being taken into state care between 2014 and 2021, according to new research published today.
	The Spanish version of a scale evaluating negative attitudes towards bisexuality is validated A team from the Department of Psychology at the UCO has translated into Spanish and validated a scale to evaluate binegativity with a gender perspective and developed a reduced version that makes it more efficient.

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