Science X Newsletter Fri, Feb 2

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for February 2, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A camera-based anti-facial recognition technique

Tracing the evolution of sign languages using computer modeling

Alpine ibex becoming more nocturnal as temperatures rise

A type of plastic that can be shape-shifted using tempering

Team of astronomers discovers galaxy that shouldn't exist

Researchers discover epigenetic status determines metastasis

Why are people climate change deniers? Study reveals unexpected results

Fooled: Herbivorous animals 'led by the nose' to leave plants alone

Study traces the roots of longstanding cultural interactions across the Tibetan Plateau to prehistoric times

Rare 3D fossils show that some early trees had forms unlike any you've ever seen

Fruit flies give further insight into evolution of male genitalia driven by sexual selection

Scientists see an ultra-fast movement on surface of HIV virus

Gene editing precisely repairs immune cells

Vaccine effectiveness: Which COVID-19 shots are most protective against severe disease?

Investigators explore what factors increase susceptibility to COVID-19

Nanotechnology news

	Joint research team develops edge-to-edge assembly technique for 2D nanosheets A collaborative research team has fabricated a soccer ball-shaped construction using edge-to-edge assembly of 2D semiconductor materials. The research has been featured on the cover of the online edition of the Angewandte Chemie International Edition journal.
	Unveiling oxidation-induced super-elasticity in metallic glass nanotubes Oxidation can degrade the properties and functionality of metals. However, a research team co-led by scientists from City University of Hong Kong (CityU) recently discovered that severely oxidized metallic glass nanotubes can attain an ultrahigh recoverable elastic strain, outperforming most conventional super-elastic metals. They also discovered the physical mechanisms underpinning this super-elasticity.
	A sleeker facial recognition technology tested on Michelangelo's David Many people are familiar with facial recognition systems that unlock smartphones and game systems or allow access to our bank accounts online. But the current technology can require boxy projectors and lenses. Now, researchers report in Nano Letters a sleeker 3D surface imaging system with flatter, simplified optics. In proof-of-concept demonstrations, the new system recognized the face of Michelangelo's David just as well as an existing smartphone system.

Physics news

	High harmonic spectroscopy retrieves electronic structure of high-pressure superconductors High pressure has revealed surprising physics and created novel states in condensed matter. Exciting examples include near room temperature superconductivity (Tc > 200 K) in high-pressure hydrides such as H3S and LaH10.
	A physical qubit with built-in error correction There has been significant progress in the field of quantum computing. Big global players, such as Google and IBM, are already offering cloud-based quantum computing services. However, quantum computers cannot yet help with problems that occur when standard computers reach the limits of their capacities because the availability of qubits or quantum bits, i.e., the basic units of quantum information, is still insufficient.
	Nondestructive technique for identifying nuclides using neutron resonance transmission analysis A feasibility study conducted at CSNS Back-n facility, recently published in Nuclear Science and Techniques, demonstrates a significant prospect of NRTA in nondestructive nuclide identification.
	Progress on chip-based spontaneous four-wave mixing quantum light sources A single-photon detector (SPD) is sensitive to incidence of individual quanta of light and has many applications in photonics, such as fluorescence measurements, laser ranging, optical time-domain reflectometer, and quantum optics experiments.

Earth news

	Why are people climate change deniers? Study reveals unexpected results Do climate change deniers bend the facts to avoid having to modify their environmentally harmful behavior? Researchers from the University of Bonn and the Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) ran an online experiment involving 4,000 US adults, and found no evidence to support this idea. The authors of the study were themselves surprised by the results. Whether they are good or bad news for the fight against global heating remains to be seen. The study is published in the journal Nature Climate Change.
	Ancient rocks improve understanding of tectonic activity between earthquakes Rocks once buried deep in ancient subduction zones—where tectonic plates collide—could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes, according to a research team from Penn State and Brown University.
	Extreme heat, wildfire smoke harm low-income and nonwhite communities the most, study finds Extreme heat and wildfire smoke are independently harmful to the human body, but together their impact on cardiovascular and respiratory systems is more dangerous and affects some communities more than others.
	Sedimentary records of contaminant inputs in Frobisher Bay provide record of changes in contaminant levels over decades Although contaminant levels in Arctic environments are often lower than those in temperate locations close to cities and industrial areas, contaminant studies in the Arctic remain important due to the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food webs to top consumers and humans. Regions important for traditional food harvesting are a priority for monitoring.
	Shifts in lake carbon dynamics on the Qingzang Plateau: From predominant carbon sources to emerging carbon sinks A new study shows that annual carbon emissions from lakes in the Qingzang Plateau (QZP)—a vast elevated plateau at the intersection of Central, South, and East Asia—have declined, with some lakes shifting from carbon sources between 1970–2000 to carbon sinks between 2000-2020, a finding that has implications for estimates of global warming and climate change relative to China overall.
	The jump in global temperatures in September 2023 is difficult to explain by natural climate variability alone September 2023 broke the global mean temperature record by a staggering 0.5° C difference from the previous record. A new study calls for further analysis of the impact of volcanoes and anthropogenic climate forcing on the new record.
	Brexit-induced spatial restrictions reveal alarming increase of fishing fleet's carbon footprint In a study published in Marine Policy, researchers have unveiled striking evidence that fisheries management decisions such as spatial fisheries restrictions can increase greenhouse gas emissions.
	Handwashing is a major source of pet pesticide pollution in UK rivers, finds study A new study reveals that handwashing in the weeks after spot-on flea and tick treatments is the largest source of pet pesticide pollution in rivers.
	Re-estimating China's lake CO₂ flux considering spatiotemporal variability The variability of lake partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2) introduces uncertainty into CO2 flux estimates. Knowing the variation pattern of pCO2 is important for obtaining an accurate global estimation.
	Consulting firms provide low-quality research on crucial water policies: It shows we have a deeper problem Management consulting revenue in Australia has grown from less than A$33 billion in 2010 to more than $47 billion in 2023. The increasing use of consultants, as well as the PwC scandal, highlights serious issues with vested interests, integrity and transparency.

Astronomy and Space news

	Team of astronomers discovers galaxy that shouldn't exist A team of astronomers, led by Arizona State University Assistant Research Scientist Tim Carleton, has discovered a dwarf galaxy that appeared in James Webb Space Telescope imaging that wasn't the primary observation target.
	A new kink in proton spectrum to enhance our knowledge of cosmic ray origin The GRAPES-3 experiment in Ooty, India, operated by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research has discovered a new feature in the cosmic-ray proton spectrum at about 166 tera-electron-volt (TeV) energy while measuring the spectrum spanning from 50 TeV to a little over 1 peta-electron-volt (PeV). The observed feature suggests a potential re-evaluation of our understanding of cosmic-ray sources, acceleration mechanisms, and their propagation within our galaxy.
	Neptune-like exoplanets can be cloudy or clear: New findings suggest the reason why The study of "exoplanets," the sci-fi-sounding name for all planets in the cosmos beyond our own solar system, is a fairly new field. Mainly, exoplanet researchers like those in the ExoLab at the University of Kansas use data from space-borne telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and Webb Space Telescope. Whenever news headlines offer findings of "Earth-like" planets or planets with the potential to support humanity, they're talking about exoplanets within our own Milky Way.
	Space junk is going to be a problem for Vera Rubin The Vera Rubin Observatory (VRO) is different to other large telescopes, and that difference makes it more vulnerable to space junk. Other telescopes, like the Giant Magellan Telescope and the European Extremely Large Telescope, focus on distant objects. But the VRO's job is to repeatedly image the entire available night sky for 10 years, spotting transients and variable objects.
	Dark matter might help explain how supermassive black holes can merge Although the exact nature of dark matter continues to elude astronomers, we have gained some understanding of its general physical properties. We know how it clusters around galaxies, how it makes up much of the matter in the universe, and even how it can interact with itself. Now a recent study, appearing on the pre-print server arXiv, looks at just how fast dark matter can move.
	Are space elevators possible? Physicist says they could transform humanity into a 'spacefaring civilization' Humanity's quest to explore—and, perhaps eventually, colonize—outer space has prompted a great many ideas about how precisely to go about it.
	Video: Ariane 6 test model cryogenic system disconnection Teams from ESA, France's space agency CNES and ArianeGroup successfully completed the disconnection and retraction of the Ariane 6 cryogenic systems on 30 January 2024.
	Asteroid making its closest approach to Earth this week On 4 February, asteroid 2011 MD will make its closest approach to the Earth. Though it will not be visible with the naked eye, the asteroid will pass 15,000,000 km away from Earth—much closer than those in the asteroid belt and less than 10% of the distance from Earth to its next nearest planet, Mars.
	Ice and fire: Antarctic volcano may hold clues to life on Mars On Deception Island in Antarctica, steam rises from the beaches, and glaciers dot the black slopes of what is actually an active volcano—a rare clash of ice and fire that provides clues to scientists about what life could look like on Mars.

Technology news

	A camera-based anti-facial recognition technique Facial recognition systems, computational tools that can recognize individuals in images or video footage, are now widely employed worldwide. Some users and developers, however, have raised privacy-related concerns, as by definition facial recognition techniques rely on images that capture people's faces. It is possible to use facial recognition techniques to identify the person by his/her face without authorization.
	New material design for transistors could downsize next-gen tech By better taming the Jekyll-and-Hyde nature of an alternative to the semiconductor—one that transitions from electricity-resisting insulator to current-conducting metal—Nebraska's Xia Hong and colleagues may have unlocked a new path to smaller, more efficient digital devices. The team reports its findings in the journal Nature Communications.
	US Apple fans get hands on pricey Vision Pro headset Eager customers lined up outside US Apple stores Friday to nab the first Vision Pro headsets, a $3,499 device that is the tech giant's biggest release since the Apple Watch nine years ago.
	Did Australian invent bitcoin? UK court examines claim A court case starting in London on Monday will seek to determine whether Australian computer scientist Craig Wright invented bitcoin, the world's first and biggest cryptocurrency.
	EU states greenlight landmark new AI rules EU member states on Friday approved landmark rules on reining in artificial intelligence, after tough last-mile negotiations on the legislation billed as a world first.
	Big oil companies continue to expand fossil fuel extraction worldwide, finds study Despite the growing social and political discourse in favor of energy transition and the greening of the industry, big oil companies continue to rely almost exclusively on fossil fuels to perpetuate their function of obtaining and concentrating energy.
	AI and the human body: Hidden assumptions in motion capture can have serious impact When designers use inaccurate depictions of the human body, the use of artificial intelligence in some applications might not be as safe for those who don't fit that body type, according to a new study posted to the arXiv preprint server.
	We are living in a 'digital dark age': How to protect your photos, videos and other data If you have grown up with social media, chances are you have taken more photos in the last couple of decades than you will ever remember. When mobile phones suddenly became cameras too, social media turned into a community photo album, with memories kept online forever and ever. Or so we thought.
	New noise analysis model targets resolution In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing mode-localized sensors that focus on the strength of their signals for better sensitivity.
	Smarter eco-cities, AI and AI of Things, and environmental sustainability Smarter eco-cities, characterized by their advanced technological landscape, are at the forefront of ushering in a new era of environmental sustainability. These intelligent urban environments leverage cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) solutions to address and mitigate environmental challenges.
	Can ocean energy power carbon removal? The Caribbean has a problem, and it stinks.
	New York bins subway surveillance robot The New York City subway has pulled its controversial security robot out of service after little more than five months patrolling the busy Times Square station.
	Apple ends yearlong sales slump with slight revenue rise in holiday-season period but stock slips Apple snapped out of a yearlong sales funk during its holiday-season quarter, propelled by solid demand for the latest model of its iPhone and still-robust growth in a services division facing legal threats that could undermine its prospects.
	Hit them in the pocket: how cities are going after SUVs Two decades after London began moves to clamp down on sports utility vehicles, Parisians on Sunday will vote on whether to squeeze the gas-guzzlers out of town by tripling their parking fees.
	Residents ask for a full examination of damage to a Japanese nuclear plant caused by a recent quake A group of residents of towns near Japanese nuclear plants submitted a petition on Friday asking regulators to halt safety screening for the restart of idled reactors until damage to a plant that partially lost external power and spilled radioactive water during a recent powerful earthquake is fully examined.
	Tesla recalling nearly 2.2M vehicles for software update to fix warning lights that are too small Tesla is recalling nearly all of the vehicles it has sold in the U.S. because some warning lights on the instrument panel are too small.
	First in-depth survey on the topic of deep transfer learning for intelligent vehicle perception An international group of scientists has published a paper in the journal Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation, summarizing a comprehensive review of deep transfer learning for intelligent vehicle perception.

Chemistry news

	A type of plastic that can be shape-shifted using tempering A team of molecular engineers have developed a type of plastic that can be shape-shifted using tempering. In their paper published in the journal Science the team, from the University of Chicago, with a colleagues from the US DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, the National Institutes of Standards and Technology and the NASA Glenn Research Center, describe how they made their plastic and how well it was able to shape shift when they applied various types of tempering.
	Researchers realize photo-driven nitrogen fixation and ammonia synthesis mediated by lithium hydride Ammonia is essential for food and future energy supply. In the industry, it is mainly produced by the Haber-Bosch process, which operates at high temperatures and pressures. Due to the high energy consumption and carbon emissions of ammonia industry, it is important to develop alternative materials and approaches for efficient N2 reduction to ammonia driven by renewable energy.
	Strategies for enhancing the performance of nickel single-atom catalysts for the electroreduction of CO₂ to CO Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered as an effective strategy for mitigating the energy crisis and the greenhouse effect. Among the multiple reduction products, CO is regarded as having the highest market value as it is a crucial feedstock for Fischer-Tropsch process which can synthesize high-value long-chain hydrocarbons.
	Bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production via overall hydrazine splitting Hydrogen is widely recognized as a promising clean energy source, primarily due to its high energy density and the absence of carbon emissions during its utilization. This characteristic makes hydrogen an ideal candidate for addressing the growing energy demand and mitigating the environmental impact associated with the excessive use of non-renewable fossil fuels over the past decades.

Biology news

	Alpine ibex becoming more nocturnal as temperatures rise A team of biologists and veterinary scientists from the University of Sassari, Parc Naziunal Svizzer, Gran Paradiso National Park, and the University of Ferrara reports that Alpine ibex have been altering their grazing habits over the past several years in response to rising temperatures. In their study, published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B,, the group tracked the behavior of Alpine ibex living in a part of the Alps over the years 2006 to 2019.
	Fooled: Herbivorous animals 'led by the nose' to leave plants alone University of Sydney researchers have shown it is possible to shield plants from the hungry maws of herbivorous mammals by fooling them with the smell of a variety they typically avoid.
	Rare 3D fossils show that some early trees had forms unlike any you've ever seen In the fossil record, trees typically are preserved with only their trunks. They don't usually include any leaves to show what their canopies and overall forms may have looked like. But now, researchers reporting in the journal Current Biology describe fossilized trees from New Brunswick, Canada with a surprising and unique three-dimensional crown shape.
	Fruit flies give further insight into evolution of male genitalia driven by sexual selection Fruit flies have provided scientists with new insight into the genetic basis for the rapid evolution of male external genitalia driven by sexual selection.
	Scientists successfully simulate protein complex that initiates fertilization Researchers at ETH Zurich recently developed highly realistic simulations of the proteins on sperm and egg cells coupling together before they fuse. These findings enabled the research team to solve several mysteries of fertilization at once, which could help to accelerate development of more targeted infertility treatments.
	Researchers study role of post-transcriptional splicing in plant response to light In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Jan. 30, a research team reports a new understanding of how light affects plant growth.
	How talin protein maintains intercellular connection while transmitting force In multicellular organisms, cell migration and mechanosensing are essential for cellular development and maintenance. These processes rely on talin, the key focal adhesion—or FA—protein, central in connecting adjacent cellular matrices and enabling force transmission between them.
	Pituitary gland's embryonic origins may lead to new insights on growth hormone deficiency An unexpected observation has led researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science to challenge a 200-year-old doctrine regarding the embryonic origins of the pituitary gland.
	Team discovers mechanism that protects tissue after faulty gene expression A study at the University of Cologne's CECAD Cluster of Excellence in Aging Research has identified a protein complex that is activated by defects in the spliceosome, the molecular scissors that process genetic information. Future research could lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat diseases caused by faulty splicing.
	Mathematical model reveals how a pit viper is able to find its dinner in the dead of night In the animal kingdom, there are many grand examples of species that make sense of their world by expertly deciphering even weak signals from their surroundings.
	Biodegradable sensor monitors levels of pesticides via direct contact with surface of fruit and vegetables Researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) and the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in Brazil have developed a sustainable sensor that can be placed directly on the surface of a vegetable or fruit to detect the presence of pesticides. Known for this reason as "plant-wearable," it is made of cellulose acetate, a material derived from wood pulp.
	Study reveals genes regulating lotus flowering Lotus is one of the top 10 traditional flowers in China with high ornamental value. Flowering behavior in lotus marks the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, and flowering time is also an important determinant of its market value.
	Horses, camels and deer get a bad rap for razing plants. New research shows they're no worse than native animals Large introduced herbivores such as feral horses and camels are often seen as "invasive" species which damage native plants.
	Scientists investigate the potential of sustainable legume protein production in Switzerland ETH Professor of Agriculture and later Federal Councilor Friedrich Traugott Wahlen, whose 125th birthday is being celebrated this year, endeavored to increase the self-sufficiency of Switzerland's food supply. He became famous for staving off an impending famine during the Second World War with a "cultivation battle," also known as the Wahlen Plan.
	What we could learn from first reported footage of a newborn great white shark It has been reported that a newborn great white shark was spotted off the southern coast of California—the first time one has been seen in the wild, experts believe.
	Researchers use supercomputer to determine whether 'molecules of life' can be formed naturally in right conditions Basic biology textbooks will tell you that all life on Earth is built from four types of molecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. And each group is vital for every living organism.
	French govt under fire for putting pesticide phase-out on hold France's government was on the defensive on Friday after environmental campaigners and opposition politicians accused it of having scrapped a key green policy to appease protesting farmers.

Medicine and Health news

	Researchers discover epigenetic status determines metastasis Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University have investigated in mice how spreading tumor cells behave at the site of metastasis. Some tumor cells immediately start to form metastases. Others leave the blood vessel and may then enter a long period of dormancy. What determines which path the cancer cells take is their epigenetic status. This was also confirmed in experiments with human tumor cells. The results of the study could pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
	Scientists see an ultra-fast movement on surface of HIV virus As the HIV virus glides up outside a human cell to dock and possibly inject its deadly cargo of genetic code, there's a spectacularly brief moment in which a tiny piece of its surface snaps open to begin the process of infection.
	Gene editing precisely repairs immune cells Some hereditary genetic defects cause an exaggerated immune response that can be fatal. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool, such defects can be corrected, thus normalizing the immune response, as researchers led by Klaus Rajewsky from the Max Delbrück Center now report in Science Immunology.
	Vaccine effectiveness: Which COVID-19 shots are most protective against severe disease? First boosters, second boosters, monovalent, bivalent. Just like the SARS-CoV-2 virus strain, the vaccines to combat the virus are always changing—and perhaps confusing.
	Investigators explore what factors increase susceptibility to COVID-19 Investigators in the Department of Computational Biomedicine at Cedars-Sinai wanted to find out which factors influenced susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and disease severity the most. Was it genetics? Or was it home environment, meaning the germs circulating throughout your everyday life?
	'Heart-on-a-chip' to test chemotherapies and other cancer drugs for heart toxicity Chemotherapy can be toxic to heart cells. To help protect the hearts of cancer patients, Cedars-Sinai investigators have created a three-dimensional "heart-on-a-chip" to evaluate drug safety. In a study published in the journal Lab on a Chip, they show that the heart-on-a-chip, created using stem cells, accurately predicts the effects of drugs on human heart cells.
	A high-fiber diet may delay clinical onset of Huntington's disease, study indicates The Florey's Professor Anthony Hannan, Head of the Epigenetics and Neural Plasticity Group, and Research Co-Lead for the Mental Health Mission, said the results of a study published in Brain Behavior and Immunity indicate that dietary fiber could delay the onset of Huntington's symptoms.
	Using machine learning to battle COVID-19 bacterial co-infection University of Queensland researchers have used machine learning to help predict the risk of secondary bacterial infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The research is published in The Lancet Microbe.
	Gene editing offers hope for people with hereditary disorder A group of patients with a hereditary disorder have had their lives transformed by a single treatment of a breakthrough gene-editing therapy, according to the lead researcher of a trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Lab-grown tumors predict treatment outcomes in landmark study Researchers have grown tumors in the lab to accurately predict which drugs will work for people with bowel cancer—before they begin treatment.
	Research discovers disrupted cellular function behind type 2 diabetes in obesity Disrupted function of "cleaning cells" in the body may help to explain why some people with obesity develop type 2 diabetes, while others do not. A study from the University of Gothenburg describes this newly discovered mechanism.
	Sensors stimulate sensation in prosthetic limbs Technology that enables amputees to feel wetness through a prosthesis has been developed by a team of researchers at the University of Southampton and at EPFL, one of the two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology. The work is published in Advanced Intelligent Systems.
	Neuroendocrine prostate cancer could be restored to a state that responds to treatment It may be possible to restore drug-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer to a state that responds to treatment by depletion of a certain protein in cancer cells. A recent study published in Communications Biology by the University of Eastern Finland found that this protein, DPYSL5, is expressed in neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
	Neurons can feel the pulse in the brain, study shows As opposed to the sensory perception of the external world, interoception is the sensing of internal body signals, which informs the brain about the state of the body. Rhythmic bodily processes such as breathing, the heartbeat, or the pulsing of the gut may help keep brain activity organized. Indeed, it seems that how we think and see the world is affected by our heartbeat.
	Engineered cartilage could turn the tide for patients with osteoarthritis About 1 in 7 adults live with degenerative joint disease, also known as osteoarthritis (OA). In recent years, as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and other joint injuries have become more common among adolescent athletes, a growing number of 20- and 30-somethings have joined the ranks of aging baby boomers living with chronic OA pain.
	How a natural protein can help fight Alzheimer's disease A new study published in Nature Communications gives insights into the underlying mechanisms of the formation of protein clumps in Alzheimer's disease. The study, led by researchers from Karolinska Institutet, could pave the way for new treatments for this devastating neurodegenerative disorder.
	High efficacy and good safety profile for the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine in African children Phase III trial results of the R21/Matrix-M vaccine developed by Oxford University and Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, leveraging Novavax's Matrix-M adjuvant, has confirmed high efficacy and supported regulatory approvals and licensure in several African countries.
	Research into autoimmune liver condition suggests unique cell movements may drive disease Research suggests that a recent understanding of cell movements may help shed light on the mechanisms driving primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune disease that attacks the bile ducts of the liver.
	Blood test could reveal cause of brain injury in newborn babies Researchers from Imperial College London have shown that a blood test can pinpoint the underlying cause of brain injury in newborns.
	New health evidence advocates for clean fuels in African homes and schools University of Liverpool researchers have conducted the first comprehensive analysis of the substantial health gain that can be realized when switching African homes from polluting fuels to clean fuels such as bottled gas (Liquefied Petroleum Gas, LPG). Evidence from this global evidence synthesis has crucial energy and health policy implications for the region.
	Psychological care by phone is an effective way to combat loneliness and depression, according to new study Depression and loneliness can be prevented using structured, telephone-based psychological care, delivered over eight weeks, according to new research. The study, led by a team based at the University of York and Hull York Medical School and at Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, has found levels of depression reduced significantly and the benefits were greater than those seen for antidepressants.
	Immune cells lose 'killer instinct' in cancerous tumors, but functionality can be re-awakened Some immune cells in our bodies see their "killer instinct" restricted after entering solid tumors, according to new research.
	COPD and the effect of low-dose cadmium, a highly toxic metal, on airway epithelial cells Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with the development and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, which is the third leading cause of death worldwide.
	Proteins suggest a path to reduce drug resistance in a form of cancer Doctors have nearly a dozen new targeted drugs to treat patients with acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, yet three of four patients still die within five years. Some patients succumb within just a month or two, despite the battery of drugs used to treat the aggressive blood disease, where blood cells don't develop properly.
	A one-molecule immune evasion system: New discovery could land one-two punch against cancer A multinational team of researchers led by Columbia University has discovered that tumors can repurpose a single cellular protein to hide themselves from the immune system in two distinct ways. Drugs targeting that protein could strike a double blow against many cancers, and make immunotherapy, one of the newest types of tumor therapies even more effective.
	Study estimates prevalence of adolescents identifying as being 'in recovery' The prevalence of adolescents identifying as being in recovery and resolving problems with substances is estimated in a study published online Dec. 19 in PLOS ONE.
	Geographic differences in telehealth found among mental health clinics Telehealth availability for mental health care varies significantly across states—from less than half of treatment facilities contacted in states like Mississippi and South Carolina to every facility contacted in states like Maine and Oregon, according to a new study.
	New guidelines aim to elevate comprehensive care for people with severe epilepsy The National Association of Epilepsy Centers (NAEC) has developed updated guidelines that outline the comprehensive services and resources epilepsy centers should provide to improve quality of care for people whose epilepsy is not well-controlled.
	New options at Dallas food pantry boost food security Nutritious meal kits and no-prep meals improved food security and perceived dietary quality among clients of a Dallas food pantry, according to a pilot study led by UT Southwestern Medical Center. Published in BMC Public Health, the research suggested these dietary interventions could also help with prevention or management of diet-related chronic diseases.
	Schoolboy rugby players have more injuries the older they get The number of injuries sustained while playing rugby, and match and training days lost as a result, is higher among players under age 18 than it is among those under 13 and under 15, reveals a study of 66 schoolboy teams from 35 secondary schools in England, published in the open access journal BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine.
	Why a dangerous subtype of Wilms tumor is so resistant to chemotherapy An international team, led by researchers at Nagoya University in Japan, may have determined why the diffuse anaplasia (DA) subtype of Wilms tumor (WT) resists chemotherapy. This subtype grows even when it has a high burden of DNA damage and increases the mutation rate of tumor protein 53 (TP53), a gene that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and division. The team's findings, published in Modern Pathology, suggest new ways to treat this subtype.
	Cytometry chip supports new revolution in cancer care for a truly personalized treatment plan Imec teamed up with the KU Leuven laboratory of tumor immunology and immunotherapy for the first clinical validation of its cell sorter chip technology. The chip successfully identified PD-1 positive T cells in the blood samples of 15 ovarian cancer patients, matching the accuracy of the established gold standard in cytometry—bulky and costly flow cytometry instruments like FACS. The work has been publsihed in Cells.
	Biomarkers discovered for difficult-to-diagnose breast tumor The epigenetic 'signature' of a rare, hard-to-diagnose breast tumor has been found by scientists at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research. The discovery could lead to improved treatment guidelines and better outcomes for patients with this rare disease.
	Scientists uncover a crucial link between cholesterol synthesis and cancer progression Scientists led by a team at Duke-NUS Medical School have made a breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms that influence cancer cell growth and development. Publishing in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, the researchers illuminate the previously hidden role of a novel enzyme, called fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing 2 (FAXDC2), revealing its pivotal role in cholesterol synthesis and cancer progression.
	New drug could prevent diabetic eye and kidney disease in people with diabetes New research has shown a novel type of inhibitor drug could prevent microvascular diabetic complications, such as diabetic eye and kidney disease. The University of Bristol-led research is published in Cardiovascular Diabetology.
	Researchers find simpler alternative to intermittent fasting Monash University scientists have identified a less stringent and more manageable alternative to traditional intermittent fasting, offering new possibilities for extending lifespan and promoting healthy aging.
	Ayahuasca-induced personal death subjective experiences: A literature review Researchers analyzed studies on self-reported experiences related to the sensation of death during ayahuasca ceremonies (ayahuasca-induced personal death—APDs). More than half of the participants report having felt APDs and classify them as strong and transformative experiences, being associated with an increased sense of transcending death, as well as the certainty of the continuation of consciousness after death.
	Vending machines help Brits self-test for STIs Vending machines dispensing self-test kits for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an effective and acceptable means of reaching people who rarely or never get tested, find the results of a year-long pilot, published in the journal Sexually Transmitted Infections.
	Study reveals turban style and thickness affects head injury risk in Sikh cyclists A new study from Imperial College London has revealed that the style and thickness of turbans affect the risk of serious head injury in Sikh cyclists
	Data show clinical trials are becoming more inclusive Clinical trials and medical research have been historically lacking in diversity among all groups. But recent trends have been turning the tide at least a little bit toward equity and inclusivity, according to a new meta-analysis published in Global Epidemiology by a team of investigators from the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine (HMSOM) and the Hackensack Meridian Health Research Institute (HMHRI).
	Studies find that people living with HIV have been less vaccinated with the full initial regimen against COVID-19 In December, the journal Vaccines published an analysis of COVID-19 vaccination coverage among people with HIV in Catalonia between December 2020 and July 2022. The study led by the Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), a group from the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), in collaboration with researchers from the PISCIS Cohort group, evaluated the primary, monovalent, and booster doses.
	New therapeutic strategy for metastatic prostate cancer patients resistant to standard treatment A team of researchers from the Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO) and the Urologic Tumors Unit of the Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) and the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) have found a new therapeutic strategy for patients with a specific subtype of metastatic prostate cancer resistant to standard chemotherapy treatment with docetaxel.
	Identifying genomics markers to predict radiation sensitivity As the effectiveness of radiotherapy varies greatly between tumors, finding gene signatures to predict the radiation response could better guide clinicians to personalize treatment plans.
	How dieting, weight suppression and even misuse of drugs like Ozempic can contribute to eating disorders Up to 72% of women and 61% of men are dissatisfied with their weight or body image, according to a U.S. study. Globally, millions of people attempt to lose weight every year with the hope that weight loss will have positive effects on their body image, health and quality of life.
	Concussion in sport: Why making players sit out for 21 days afterwards is a good idea The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) this week released new guidelines for youth and community sport designed to change the way concussion is managed across the country.
	Neuralink has put its first chip in a human brain: What could possibly go wrong? Earlier this week, Elon Musk announced his brain-computer interface company, Neuralink, had implanted a device in a human for the first time. The company's PRIME study, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration last year, is testing a brain implant for "people with paralysis to control external devices with their thoughts."
	Dermatologists' group offers latest guidance on acne It might take a combination of treatments to rein in problem acne in teens and adults, updated guidelines from the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) suggest.
	In overactive bladder patients, nocturnal urinary frequency is tied to bruises, fractures from falls For patients with overactive bladder (OAB), increasing nocturnal urination frequency is a common risk factor for falls with bruises and fractures, according to a study recently published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice.
	Gender minority adults more likely to report feeling vulnerable during full body skin exam: Study Within the sexual and gender minority (SGM) population, gender minority adults are more likely to report discomfort during full body skin examinations (FBSEs), according to a research letter published online Jan. 31 in JAMA Dermatology.
	Caffeine restriction can improve, reduce severity of bed-wetting Caffeine restriction can help improve and reduce the severity of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE), according to a study recently published in BMJ Paediatrics Open.
	Rate of venous thromboembolism increases with cancer surgery, study finds The rate of venous thromboembolism is increased in association with cancer surgery, according to a study published online Feb. 2 in JAMA Network Open.
	Teen pregnancy, sexual health care use lower than expected during pandemic During the COVID-19 pandemic, population-level rates of adolescent pregnancy and sexual health-related care utilization were lower than expected, according to a study published online Feb. 2 in Pediatrics.
	Vaccine skepticism, equity issues hinder cervical cancer fight Cervical cancer is the only cancer that is vaccine-preventable and curable, but the United States is lagging in its efforts to meet the World Health Organization's 2030 targets to effectively eliminate the disease.
	What are the early signs of dementia, and how does it differ from normal aging? Forgetting names and misplacing items happen to us all, more so as we age.
	Q&A: How California is taking on inequity for Black patients during pregnancy, childbirth Across the United States, Black women are three to four times as likely as their white peers to experience life-threatening pregnancy complications or die giving birth. Given that the U.S. maternal mortality rate of 32 deaths per 100,000 live births is 10 times higher than that in countries with the lowest rates of maternal death, the inequity is setting off public health alarms.
	Video: What to do for a healthier heart Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart disease refers to a range of conditions, of which many can be prevented or treated by making healthy lifestyle choices.
	Symptoms that may require a consultation with a cardiologist As people age, many start to experience more aches and pains throughout their bodies. While many symptoms can be chalked up to the natural aging process, it's important to pay special attention to the cardiovascular system.
	Many with Meniere's disease based on ICD-10 do not meet AAO-HNS criteria Many patients with a Meniere's disease diagnosis based on the "International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10)" do not meet the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) diagnostic criteria, according to a study published online Jan. 18 in The Laryngoscope.
	Americans have mixed feelings on tech, AI in health care, says poll Americans are cautiously optimistic that AI will be able to improve the health care they receive, a new Cleveland Clinic survey finds.
	Thesis: Suicide and self-harm in university students and outcomes in persons with bipolar disorder and their offspring Recent decades have seen an increasing proportion of the youth population engaging in university level education, and the university period usually coincides with other important life events such as moving away from home. Early adulthood is furthermore a period when severe mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, may become symptomatic.
	New UK report reveals autism assessment and support crisis A report published today (Friday 2 February) by the Child of the North initiative—led by the N8 Research Partnership and former Children's Commissioner Anne Longfield's new Center for Young Lives think tank, reveals a crisis in children's autism assessment.
	Research team uses AI to improve sepsis detection and effective treatment Sepsis acquired in clinical settings threatens the lives of tens of millions of people worldwide every year. The condition, in which the body responds to an infection by essentially going into overdrive, inadvertently attacks the body by overzealously releasing chemicals to defend it.

Other Sciences news

	Tracing the evolution of sign languages using computer modeling An international team of linguistics experts has traced the origins of the most common modern sign languages using a computer model to compare them against one another. The research is published in the journal Science.
	Study traces the roots of longstanding cultural interactions across the Tibetan Plateau to prehistoric times The 1 million-square-mile Tibetan Plateau—often called the "roof of the world"—is the highest landmass in the world, averaging 14,000 feet in altitude. Despite the extreme environment, humans have been permanent inhabitants there since prehistoric times.
	Professor debunks sex and relationship pop psychology, offers alternatives backed with science From the Five Love Languages to the concept of "Happy Wife, Happy Life," popular culture is riddled with ideas of how sex and relationships are supposed to work, but does the science back these ideas up? According to Faculty of Health Assistant Professor and Research Chair in Relationships and Sexuality Amy Muise, the answer is frequently no.
	Researchers analyze career pathways for gifted girls Compared to boys, girls often excel in their secondary education results—but even the most gifted students may struggle to find their "dream job" and follow the best career path, pay grades and workplace progression to become leaders in their fields.
	Crowdfunding after the Marshall fire overwhelmingly helped wealthy households, find researchers After Colorado's Marshall Fire consumed more than 1,000 homes in suburban Boulder County on Dec. 30, 2021, hundreds of crowdfunding campaigns sprang forth to provide some immediate relief to homeowners who lost everything.
	Expert says multistate foodborne illness outbreaks impact restaurant stock price, public perception As demand for food from restaurants soars in the U.S., so does the importance of understanding the impacts of foodborne illness outbreaks. A new paper co-written by a University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign expert in food marketing and food policy finds that outbreaks spanning multiple states bring swift financial losses, increased media attention and a public-relations hit that makes smaller outbreaks more financially damaging.
	Five questions your child's school should be able to answer about bullying As children return to classrooms for 2024, school communities will be confronting bullying in person and via technology.
	Researchers: Girls in hijab experience overlapping forms of racial and gendered violence World Hijab Day recognizes the millions of Muslim women and girls who wear the traditional Islamic headscarf.
	Ambitious workers park the office politics when employer is struggling, study suggests New research from a team at City, University of London sheds light on how perceived threats and opportunities to their teams affect office politics.

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