Science X Newsletter Wed, Apr 24

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 24, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Scientists at the MAJORANA Collaboration look for rule-violating electrons

Vast DNA tree of life for plants revealed by global science team using 1.8 billion letters of genetic code

Emulating neurodegeneration and aging in artificial intelligence systems

Lunar landforms indicate geologically recent seismic activity on the moon

Light stands still in a deformed crystal

Bioluminescence first evolved in animals at least 540 million years ago, pushing back previous oldest dated example

Squids' birthday influences mating: Male spear squids shown to become 'sneakers' or 'consorts' depending on birth date

Star bars show universe's early galaxies evolved much faster than previously thought

Scientists study lipids cell by cell, making new cancer research possible

Japan's moon lander wasn't built to survive a weekslong lunar night. It's still going after 3

Salt battery harvests osmotic energy where the river meets the sea

Modeling broader effects of wildfires in Siberia

CAR T cell therapy targeting HER2 antigen shows promise against advanced sarcoma in clinical trial

Researchers find oldest undisputed evidence of Earth's magnetic field

These giant, prehistoric salmon had tusk-like teeth

Nanotechnology news

	Engineers muffle invading pathogens with a 'molecular mask' Vaccines remain the gold standard of protection against dangerous pathogens, but take considerable time and vast resources to develop. Rapidly mutating viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 can blunt their effectiveness and even render them obsolete.
	Crinkled coatings could prevent medical implants from failing Medical implants could fail less often when coated with a microscopically crinkled, ceramic material designed by researchers at the University of Michigan. The coating is described in a paper published in ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces.
	New model extends theory of pattern formation to the nano-cosmos A new model developed by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS) extends the theory of elastic phase separation towards nanoscopic structures. Such patterns are frequent in biological systems and also used in nano-engineering to create structural color. With their new insights, the scientists can predict the length scale of nanoscopic patterns and thus control them during production. The model is published in the journal Physical Review X.
	Nanofibers rid water of hazardous dyes: Researchers develop efficient filters based on cellulose waste Using waste to purify water may sound counterintuitive. But at TU Wien, this is exactly what has now been achieved. Researchers have developed a special nanostructure to filter a widespread class of harmful dyes from water.
	Research combines DNA origami and photolithography to move one step closer to molecular computers Molecular computer components could represent a new IT revolution and help us create cheaper, faster, smaller, and more powerful computers. Yet researchers struggle to find ways to assemble them more reliably and efficiently.
	Researchers create nanostructures for efficient and sustainable degradation of pollutants The need for sustainable and environment-friendly solutions has accelerated the global demand for green and renewable technologies. In this regard, semiconductor photocatalysts have emerged as an attractive solution, owing to their potential in mitigating pollutants and harnessing solar energy efficiently. Photocatalysts are materials that initiate chemical reactions when exposed to light.
	Bioelectronic chip detects vitamins C and D in saliva in under 20 minutes Researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil have developed a bioelectronic chip that simultaneously detects vitamins C and D in body fluids. It is flexible and easy to see and can be adapted for use in a wearable device to assist with a personalized diet. Details are described in an article published in ACS Applied Nano Materials.
	Cows' milk particles used for effective oral delivery of drugs Researchers have found that tiny particles present in cows' milk could offer, for the first time, an effective method for the oral delivery of RNA drugs.
	Imaging technique shows new details of peptide structures A new imaging technique developed by engineers at Washington University in St. Louis can give scientists a much closer look at fibril assemblies—stacks of peptides that include amyloid beta, most notably associated with Alzheimer's disease.
	Ultrasensitive photonic crystal detects single particles down to 50 nanometers Using an ultrasensitive photonic crystal, TU/e researchers were able to detect single particles down to 50 nanometers in diameter. The new research has just been published in the journal Optica.
	Scientists reveal working mechanism of multilayer MoS₂ photodetector with broad spectral range and multiband response As a typical two-dimensional material, MoS2 exhibits unique optical and electrical properties due to its atomic thickness in the vertical dimension, making it a research hotspot in the field of optoelectronic detection.

Physics news

	Scientists at the MAJORANA Collaboration look for rule-violating electrons In a new study published inNature Physics, scientists at the MAJORANA Collaboration have tested the stringency of charge conservation and Pauli's exclusion principles using underground detectors. Alessio Porcelli has published a News & Views piece on the research in the same journal.
	Light stands still in a deformed crystal AMOLF researchers, in collaboration with Delft University of Technology, have succeeded in bringing light waves to a halt by deforming the two-dimensional photonic crystal that contains them. The researchers show that even a subtle deformation can have a substantial effect on photons in the crystal. This resembles the effect that a magnetic field has on electrons.
	Scientists develop novel one-dimensional superconductor In a significant development in the field of superconductivity, researchers at The University of Manchester have successfully achieved robust superconductivity in high magnetic fields using a newly created one-dimensional (1D) system. This breakthrough offers a promising pathway to achieving superconductivity in the quantum Hall regime, a longstanding challenge in condensed matter physics.
	Making light 'feel' a magnetic field like an electron would Unlike electrons, particles of light are uncharged, so they do not respond to magnetic fields. Despite this, researchers have now experimentally made light effectively "feel" a magnetic field within a complicated structure called a photonic crystal, which is made of silicon and glass.
	Lead-vacancy centers in diamond as building blocks for large-scale quantum networks Much like how electric circuits use components to control electronic signals, quantum networks rely on special components and nodes to transfer quantum information between different points, forming the foundation for building quantum systems.
	A novel universal light-based technique to control valley polarization in bulk materials Electrons inside solid materials can only take certain values of energy. The allowed energy ranges are called "bands," and the space between them, the forbidden energies, is known as "band gaps." Both of them together constitute the "band structure" of the material, which is a unique characteristic of each specific material.
	A shade closer to more efficient organic photovoltaics Transparent solar cells will transform the look of infrastructure by enabling many more surfaces to become solar panels. Now, materials called non-fullerene acceptors that can intrinsically generate charges when exposed to sunlight could make semitransparent organic photovoltaics easier to produce, a KAUST-led international team shows.
	Scientists tune the entanglement structure in an array of qubits Entanglement is a form of correlation between quantum objects, such as particles at the atomic scale. The laws of classical physics cannot explain this uniquely quantum phenomenon, yet it is one of the properties that explain the macroscopic behavior of quantum systems.
	A molecular fingerprint beyond the Nyquist frequency Ultrashort pulses play a significant role in spectroscopic applications. Their broad spectral bandwidth enables simultaneous characterization of the sample at various frequencies, eliminating the need for repeated measurements or laser tuning. Moreover, their extreme temporal confinement allows for temporal isolation of the sample's response from the main excitation pulse.

Earth news

	Modeling broader effects of wildfires in Siberia As wildfires in Siberia become more common, global climate modeling estimates significant impacts on climate, air quality, health, and economies in East Asia and across the northern hemisphere.
	New research confirms plastic production is directly linked to plastic pollution A research paper published in Science Advances reveals a direct correlation between plastic production and plastic pollution, such that every 1% increase in plastic production is associated with a 1% increase in plastic pollution in the environment.
	Airborne observations of Asian monsoon sees ozone-depleting substances lofting into the stratosphere Powerful monsoon winds, strengthened by a warming climate, are lofting unexpectedly large quantities of ozone-depleting substances high into the atmosphere over East Asia, new research shows.
	Climate change supercharged a heat dome, intensifying 2021 fire season, study finds As a massive heat dome lingered over the Pacific Northwest three years ago, swaths of North America simmered—and then burned. Wildfires charred more than 18.5 million acres across the continent, with the most land burned in Canada and California.
	Scientists demonstrate high-resolution lidar sees birth zone of cloud droplets, a first-ever remote observation A team led by atmospheric scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory has demonstrated the first-ever remote observations of the fine-scale structure at the base of clouds. The results, just published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, show that the air-cloud interface is not a perfect boundary but rather is a transition zone where aerosol particles suspended in Earth's atmosphere give rise to the droplets that ultimately form clouds.
	Mantle heat may have boosted Earth's crust 3 billion years ago Little is known about the nature and evolution of Earth's continental crust before a few billion years ago because cratons, or stable swaths of the lithosphere more than 2–3 billion years old, are relatively rare.
	Future hurricanes could compromise New England forests' ability to store and sequester carbon Nature-based climate solutions can help mitigate climate change, especially in forested regions capable of storing and sequestering vast amounts of carbon. New research published in Global Change Biology indicates that a single hurricane in New England, one of the most heavily forested regions in the United States, can down 4.6–9.4% of the total above-ground forest carbon, an amount much greater than the carbon sequestered annually by New England's forests.
	Extreme heat scorches Southeast Asia, bringing school closures and warnings Extreme heat scorched parts of South and Southeast Asia Wednesday, prompting schools across the Philippines to suspend classes, heat warnings in the Thai capital and worshippers in Bangladesh to pray for rain.
	Africa's megacities threatened by heat, floods, disease—action needed to start greening, adapt to climate change Cities cover just 3% of the planet. But they emit 78% of all global greenhouse gas emissions, absorb 80% of final global energy (what consumers use) and consume 60% of clean drinking water.
	Quakes do not kill people, bad buildings do Early on Tuesday (April 23), Taiwan was hit by a series of earthquakes with the highest magnitude at 6.3. The latest tremor came less than three weeks after a magnitude 7.4 quake hit the island, damaging more than 100 buildings and trapping dozens of people in collapsed tunnels.
	Will the US ban the use of single-use plastics like England, India, Hong Kong and other countries? Madhavi Venkatesan, associate teaching professor of economics at Northeastern University, is convinced that human convenience is an expense the environment cannot afford.
	Balancing AI and physics: Toward a learnable climate model Artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing notable changes to atmospheric science, particularly with the introduction of large AI weather models like Pangu-Weather and GraphCast. However, alongside these advancements, questions have arisen about the alignment of these models with fundamental physics principles.
	Shoreline model predicts long-term future of storm protection and sea-level rise Researchers in North Carolina have created a simulation model to analyze how coastal management activities meant to protect barrier islands from sea-level rise can disrupt the natural processes that are keeping barrier islands above water.
	Victims of China floods race to salvage property Victims of severe floods in southern China raced on Wednesday to salvage property from the muddy waters as authorities warned of more heavy rains to come.
	'So hot you can't breathe': Extreme heat hits the Philippines Extreme heat scorched the Philippines on Wednesday, forcing thousands of schools to suspend in-person classes and prompting warnings for people to limit the amount of time spent outdoors.
	Thousands in heatwave-hit Bangladesh pray for rain Thousands of Bangladeshis gathered to pray for rain on Wednesday in the middle of an extreme heat wave that prompted authorities to shut down schools around the country.
	EU lawmakers agree to exit energy treaty over climate fears The European Parliament on Wednesday backed the EU's withdrawal from an international energy treaty over concerns it offers too much protection to fossil fuel companies.
	UN launches fund to shield displaced people from climate shocks The United Nations said Wednesday it was launching a new Climate Resilience Fund aimed at boosting protections for "refugees and displaced communities" threatened by climate change.

Astronomy and Space news

	Lunar landforms indicate geologically recent seismic activity on the moon The moon's steadfast illumination of our night sky has been a source of wonder and inspiration for millennia. Since the first satellite images of its surface were taken in the 1960s, our understanding of Earth's companion through time has developed immeasurably. A complex interplay of cosmic interactions and planetary systems, the moon's surface displays a plethora of landforms evidencing its history.
	Star bars show universe's early galaxies evolved much faster than previously thought The universe's early galaxies were less chaotic and developed much faster than previously thought, according to new research looking back more than ten billion years in time. An international team of astronomers led by Durham University, UK, has used the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to find evidence of bar formation when the universe was only a few billion years old.
	Japan's moon lander wasn't built to survive a weekslong lunar night. It's still going after 3 Japan's first moon lander has survived a third freezing lunar night, Japan's space agency said Wednesday after receiving an image from the device three months after it landed on the moon.
	Researchers find oldest undisputed evidence of Earth's magnetic field A new study, led by the University of Oxford and MIT, has recovered a 3.7-billion-year-old record of Earth's magnetic field, and found that it appears remarkably similar to the field surrounding Earth today. The findings have been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
	International team detects eruption of mega-magnetic star in nearby galaxy While ESA's satellite INTEGRAL was observing the sky, it spotted a burst of gamma-rays—high-energy photons—coming from the nearby galaxy M82. Only a few hours later, ESA's XMM-Newton X-ray space telescope searched for an afterglow from the explosion but found none.
	Black hole 'traffic jams' discovered in galactic centers by astronomers An international study, led by researchers from Monash University, has revealed crucial insights into black hole dynamics within massive disks at the centers of galaxies.
	China to send three astronauts to Tiangong space station, part of its ambitious program China's space agency is making final preparations to send a new crew to its space station on Thursday as part of its ambitious program that aims to put people on the moon by 2030.
	SpaceX launch marks 300th successful booster landing SpaceX sent up the 30th launch from the Space Coast for the year on the evening of April 23, a mission that also featured the company's 300th successful booster recovery.
	See the Southern Ring Nebula in 3D Planetary nebula are some of nature's most stunning visual displays. The name is confusing since they're the remains of stars, not planets. But that doesn't detract from their status as objects of captivating beauty and intense scientific study.
	Signs of 'spider' phenomenon on Mars ESA's Mars Express has snapped the telltale traces of "spiders" scattered across the southern polar region of Mars.
	A NASA rover has reached a promising place to search for fossilized life on Mars While we go about our daily lives on Earth, a nuclear-powered robot the size of a small car is trundling around Mars looking for fossils. Unlike its predecessor Curiosity, NASA's Perseverance rover is explicitly intended to "search for potential evidence of past life", according to the official mission objectives.
	Pushing the limits of sub-kilowatt electric propulsion technology for space mission concepts NASA has developed an advanced propulsion technology to facilitate future planetary exploration missions using small spacecraft. Not only will this technology enable new types of planetary science missions, one of NASA's commercial partners is already preparing to use it for another purpose—to extend the lifetimes of spacecraft that are already in orbit.
	NASA's Chandra releases timelapse movies of Crab Nebula and Cassiopeia A New movies of two of the most famous objects in the sky—the Crab Nebula and Cassiopeia A—are being released from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Each includes X-ray data collected by Chandra over about two decades. They show dramatic changes in the debris and radiation remaining after the explosion of two massive stars in our galaxy.

Technology news

	Emulating neurodegeneration and aging in artificial intelligence systems In recent years, developers have introduced artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can simulate or reproduce various human abilities, such as recognizing objects in images, answering questions, and more. Yet in contrast with the human mind, which can deteriorate over time, these systems typically retain the same performance or even improve their skills over time.
	Salt battery harvests osmotic energy where the river meets the sea Estuaries—where freshwater rivers meet the salty sea—are great locations for birdwatching and kayaking. In these areas, waters containing different salt concentrations mix and may be sources of sustainable, "blue" osmotic energy.
	A simple 'twist' improves the engine of clean fuel generation Researchers have found a way to super-charge the 'engine' of sustainable fuel generation—by giving the materials a little twist.
	New research demonstrates potential of thin-film electronics for flexible chip design The mass production of conventional silicon chips relies on a successful business model with large "semiconductor fabrication plants" or "foundries." New research by KU Leuven and imec shows that this "foundry" model can also be applied to the field of flexible, thin-film electronics. Adopting this approach would give innovation in the field a huge boost.
	Why can't robots outrun animals? Robotics engineers have worked for decades and invested many millions of research dollars in attempts to create a robot that can walk or run as well as an animal. And yet, it remains the case that many animals are capable of feats that would be impossible for robots that exist today.
	Storing and utilizing energy with innovative sulfur-based cathodes Electric vehicles and portable electronic devices such as laptops and mobile phones are unthinkable without lithium-ion batteries. The problem is highly toxic materials such as cobalt are often used for the cathodes of these batteries, which jeopardize the environment and the health of people in the countries where they are mined. In addition, the reserves of these metals are very limited.
	Microsoft claims that small, localized language models can be powerful as well Microsoft has announced the development of a small, locally run family of AI language models called Phi-3 mini. In their Technical Report posted on the arXiv preprint server, the team behind the new SLM describes it as more capable than others of its size and more cost effective than larger models. They also claim it outperforms many models in its class and even some that are larger.
	Securing competitiveness of energy-intensive industries through relocation: The pulling power of renewables Countries with limited potential for renewables could save up to 20% of costs for green steel and up to 40% for green chemicals from green hydrogen if they relocated their energy-intensive production and would import from countries where renewable energy is cheaper, finds a new study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK).
	Ultra-thin, flexible solar cells demonstrate their promise in a commercial quadcopter drone Whether on Earth or in space, autonomous energy is critical in order to keep power systems running independently for extended periods of time, particularly in remote or unpredictable environments.
	Going with the flow: Research dives into electrodes on energy storage batteries As a grid-scale energy storage system, flow batteries have gained increasing attention as a means to address the challenges associated with fluctuations and intermittency in renewable energy sources.
	Scientists pioneer new X-ray microscopy method for data analysis 'on the fly' A new streaming technique allows playback of data while it is being generated. When scientists want to look at a tiny structure in a material, even one just a few atoms in size, they frequently turn to X-ray microscopy.
	New insights lead to better next-gen solar cells For Michael Saliba and Mahdi Malekshahi, it was one of those moments in science when good experimental results raised more questions. The University of Stuttgart researchers recently developed a new process to make solar cells with perovskites—advanced crystalline materials with the potential to revolutionize solar technology. Their cells were very efficient and stable, but there was one catch: they did not have a detailed understanding of why this process worked so well.
	Virtual sensors help aerial vehicles stay aloft when rotors fail No crystal ball is needed to envision a future that engineers have in mind, one in which air taxis and other flying vehicles ferry passengers between urban locations, avoiding the growing gridlock on the ground below. Companies are already prototyping and testing such hybrid electric "flying cars" that take off and land vertically but soar through the air like winged aircraft to enable efficient flight over longer distances.
	High-energy-density capacitors with 2D nanomaterials could significantly enhance energy storage In the quest for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions, a multi-university research team has reached a significant milestone in capacitor technology. Researchers from the University of Houston, Jackson State University and Howard University have developed a new type of flexible high-energy-density capacitor, which is a device that stores energy.
	Research team develops novel metric for evaluation of risk-return tradeoff in off-policy evaluation Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning technique that trains software by mimicking the trial-and-error learning process of humans. It has demonstrated considerable success in many areas that involve sequential decision-making. However, training RL models with real-world online tests is often undesirable as it can be risky, time-consuming, and importantly, unethical. Thus, using offline datasets that are naturally collected through past operations is becoming increasingly popular for training and evaluating RL and bandit policies.
	Tesla 1Q profit falls 55%, but stock jumps as company moves to speed production of cheaper vehicles Tesla's first-quarter net income plummeted 55%, but its stock price surged in after-hours trading Tuesday as the company said it would move up production of new, more affordable vehicles.
	Australia's top spy urges big tech to unravel encrypted chats Australia's top spy on Wednesday urged greater cooperation from the big tech companies, asking them to break a long-held industry taboo by providing access to encrypted messages.
	China, future HQ: New ASML boss faces bulging in-tray Frenchman Christophe Fouquet takes the reins of Dutch chip giant ASML on Wednesday with a daunting to-do list, top of which will be steering business with China as semiconductors become a geopolitical battleground.
	Italy fines Amazon over 'recurring' purchase option Italy's competition authority said Wednesday it had fined two Amazon companies 10 million euros ($10.6 million) for unfair commercial practices that push customers into agreeing to "recurring" rather than "one-time" purchases online.
	Volkswagen revamps its approach in China in bid to overtake upstart EV makers As auto giant Volkswagen AG races to catch up with upstart Chinese competitors, it has drivers like 26-year-old Ren Yiling in mind.
	Researchers develop deep learning alternative to monitoring laser powder bed fusion Many things can go wrong when additively manufacturing (AM) metal and without in-situ process monitoring, defects can only be detected and characterized after a product is built. Most commonly, manufacturers will use a high-speed camera to keep an eye on the melt pool geometry and its variation during a short period of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process.
	Single-walled carbon nanotubes doped with 'nitrogen' enhance the performance of secondary battery anode Researchers have developed a new manufacturing technique for "silicon/nitrogen-doped carbon composite anode materials." These materials aim to enhance the capacity and stability of lithium-ion battery anodes.
	Mired in crisis, Boeing reports another loss Troubled aviation giant Boeing reported a first-quarter loss of $343 million on Wednesday, reflecting recent safety troubles that have slowed production and deliveries.
	Microsoft and Amazon face scrutiny from UK competition watchdog over recent AI deals British competition regulators said Wednesday they'll scrutinize recent artificial intelligence deals by Microsoft and Amazon over concerns that the moves could thwart competition in the AI industry.
	EU lawmakers approve scaled-back rules for app worker rights The European Parliament on Wednesday endorsed rules to strengthen the rights of workers in the gig economy on digital platforms such as Uber and Deliveroo.
	Why Germany ditched nuclear before coal—and why it won't go back One year ago, Germany took its last three nuclear power stations offline. When it comes to energy, few events have baffled outsiders more.
	New tech could help traveling VR gamers experience 'ludicrous speed' without motion sickness Vehicle passengers using VR headsets to pass the time during travel could be set to enjoy games which move at 'ludicrous speed' without experiencing motion sickness, researchers say.
	New survey finds positive perceptions of solar projects As solar energy development accelerates, how do Americans actually feel about those large scale solar, or LSS, farms they see along the highway or near their neighborhood? A new survey has found that for residents living within three miles of a large-scale solar development, positive attitudes outnumbered negative attitudes by almost a 3–to–1 margin.
	Advancing the safety of AI-driven machinery requires closer collaboration with humans An ongoing research project at Tampere University aims to create adaptable safety systems for highly automated off-road mobile machinery to meet industry needs. Research has revealed critical gaps in compliance with legislation related to public safety when using mobile working machines controlled by artificial intelligence.
	Using liquid metal to develop energy storage systems with 100 times better heat transfer The industrial production of steel, concrete, or glass requires more than 20% of Germany's total energy consumption. Up to now, 90% of the fuels used for these processes have been of fossil nature.
	On the trail of deepfakes, researchers identify 'fingerprints' of AI-generated video In February, OpenAI released videos created by its generative artificial intelligence program Sora. The strikingly realistic content, produced via simple text prompts, is the latest breakthrough for companies demonstrating the capabilities of AI technology. It also raised concerns about generative AI's potential to enable the creation of misleading and deceiving content on a massive scale.
	Rubber-like stretchable energy storage device fabricated with laser precision Researchers have achieved a significant breakthrough in developing a small-scale energy storage device capable of stretching, twisting, folding, and wrinkling. Their study is published in the journal npj Flexible Electronics.
	Study shows potential of super grids when hurricanes overshadow solar panels When hurricanes threaten tropical shores, "super grids" could come to the rescue.
	Research team accelerates multi-physics simulations with El Capitan predecessor systems Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have achieved a milestone in accelerating and adding features to complex multi-physics simulations run on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), a development that could advance high-performance computing and engineering.
	Child pedestrians, self-driving vehicles: What's the safest scenario for crossing the road? Crossing a busy street safely typically is a result of a social exchange. Pedestrians look for cues—a wave, a head nod, a winking flash of the headlights, and, of course, a full vehicle stop—to know it's safe to cross.
	Q&A: How TikTok's 'black box' algorithm and design shape user behavior TikTok's swift ascension to the upper echelons of social media is often attributed to its recommendation algorithm, which predicts viewer preferences so acutely it's spawned a maxim: "The TikTok algorithm knows me better than I know myself." The platform's success was so pronounced that it has seemed to spur other social media platforms to shift their designs. When users scroll through X or Instagram, they now see more recommended posts from accounts they don't follow.
	Chinese sellers go to TikTok school to reach buyers abroad Donning hijabs and floor-length abaya gowns over shorts and tank tops, Chinese students at an e-commerce school perform into a smartphone camera as they learn how to sell the clothes to overseas TikTok users.
	Cisco Systems joins Microsoft, IBM in Vatican pledge to ensure ethical use and development of AI Tech giant Cisco Systems on Wednesday joined Microsoft and IBM in signing onto a Vatican-sponsored pledge to ensure artificial intelligence is developed and used ethically and to benefit the common good.
	JFK Airport parking lot to become biggest solar array in New York The future is looking sunny for Kennedy Airport's long-term parking lot No. 9. Construction began on April 23 on a solar array meant to cover some 21 acres of the lot while maintaining the car park beneath.
	TikTok to fight US ban law in courts TikTok's CEO vowed Wednesday to fight in the courts to overturn a newly signed US law that could see the popular app banned due to allegations it is controlled by the Chinese government.
	TikTok suspends rewards program after EU probe TikTok on Wednesday announced the suspension of a feature in its spinoff TikTok Lite app in France and Spain that rewards users for watching and liking videos, after the European Union launched a probe.
	Swedish research project makes several advancements toward the autonomous airport of the future A three-year research project at Mid Sweden University has made several advancements in creating the airport of the future with safe and cost-effective solutions, including autonomous measurements of the runway surface as well as more opportunities to monitor vehicles and drones at airports.
	Oracle's Larry Ellison says planned Nashville campus will be company's 'world headquarters' Oracle Corp.'s planned campus in Nashville, Tennessee, will serve as the business software giant's world headquarters, placing it in a city that's a center for the U.S. health care industry, CEO Larry Ellison said.
	What next for TikTok in the US? TikTok on Wednesday said it will fight a new US law that orders the popular video sharing app to break away from its Chinese owners or face an outright ban in the United States.
	Students build low-cost cold spray metal 3D printer prototype A team of Rice University students has developed a cold spray metal 3D printing device that relies on pressure and velocity rather than temperature to create a metal part. Their work could help expand the repertoire of metal additive manufacturing techniques, bringing down cost and enhancing the quality of making or repairing one-off complex metal parts.
	Team helps rebuild WW2 Spitfire lost for 76 years in Norwegian wilderness Engine parts from a rare Second World War Photo Reconnaissance Spitfire that was shot down by German armed forces in 1942 and lost until being recovered from a Norwegian peat bog 76 years later are being rebuilt at the University of Sydney.

Chemistry news

	Scientists study lipids cell by cell, making new cancer research possible Imagine being able to look inside a single cancer cell and see how it communicates with its neighbors. Scientists are celebrating a new technique that lets them study the fatty contents of cancer cells, one by one.
	A chemical mystery solved—the reaction that explains large carbon sinks A mystery that has puzzled the scientific community for more than 50 years has finally been solved. A team from Linköping University, Sweden, and Helmholtz Munich have discovered that a certain type of chemical reaction can explain why organic matter found in rivers and lakes is so resistant to degradation. Their study has been published in the journal Nature.
	Scientists develop novel liquid metal alloy system to synthesize diamond under moderate conditions Did you know that 99% of synthetic diamonds are currently produced using high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) methods? A prevailing paradigm is that diamonds can only be grown using liquid metal catalysts in the "gigapascal pressure range" (typically 5-6 GPa, where 1 GPa is about 10,000 atm), and typically within the temperature range of 1,300–1,600°C.
	Some cannabis rolling papers may contain unhealthy levels of heavy metals A team of chemists at Lake Superior State University, working with colleagues from Wayne State University, both in Michigan, and two representatives from JEOL U.S., a lab equipment maker, has found that some cannabis rolling papers contain high levels of heavy metals, which could be hazardous to smokers.
	AI designs active pharmaceutical ingredients quickly and easily based on protein structures A new computer process developed by chemists at ETH Zurich makes it possible to generate active pharmaceutical ingredients quickly and easily based on a protein's three-dimensional surface. The new process, detailed in Nature Communications, could revolutionize drug research.
	New method could cut waste from drug production Scientists have developed a sustainable new way of making complex molecules, which could greatly reduce waste produced during drug manufacturing, a study suggests.
	Researchers show it's possible to teach old magnetic cilia new tricks Magnetic cilia—artificial hairs whose movement is powered by embedded magnetic particles—have been around for a while, and are of interest for applications in soft robotics, transporting objects and mixing liquids. However, existing magnetic cilia move in a fixed way.

Biology news

	Vast DNA tree of life for plants revealed by global science team using 1.8 billion letters of genetic code A new paper published today (April 24) in the journal Nature by an international team of 279 scientists led by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew presents the most up-to-date understanding of the flowering plant tree of life.
	Bioluminescence first evolved in animals at least 540 million years ago, pushing back previous oldest dated example Bioluminescence first evolved in animals at least 540 million years ago in a group of marine invertebrates called octocorals, according to the results of a new study from scientists with the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
	Squids' birthday influences mating: Male spear squids shown to become 'sneakers' or 'consorts' depending on birth date The day a male spear squid hatches determines which mating tactic he will use throughout his life, according to new research. Spear squid (Heterololigo bleekeri) that hatch earlier in the season become "consorts" that fight for mating opportunities. Those that hatch later become "sneakers," which use more clandestine mating tactics. Researchers found that the mating tactic determined by the birth date was fixed for the squid's whole life.
	These giant, prehistoric salmon had tusk-like teeth Oncorhynchus rastrosus, a giant species of salmon that lived in the North American Pacific Northwest a few million years ago, sported a pair of front teeth that projected out from the sides of its mouth like tusks, according to a study published April 24 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Kerin Claeson from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, U.S., and colleagues.
	Laser technology offers breakthrough in detecting illegal ivory A new way of quickly distinguishing between illegal elephant ivory and legal mammoth tusk ivory could prove critical to fighting the illegal ivory trade. A laser-based approach developed by scientists at the Universities of Bristol and Lancaster, could be used by customs worldwide to aid in the enforcement of illegal ivory from being traded under the guise of legal ivory. The study is published in PLOS ONE today (April 24).
	A key gene helps explain how the ability to glide has emerged over-and-over during marsupial evolution People say "When pigs fly" to describe the impossible. But even if most mammals are landlubbers, the ability to glide or fly has evolved again and again during mammalian evolution, in species ranging from bats to flying squirrels. How did that come about?
	Researchers uncover 'parallel universe' in tomato genetics In a paper appearing in Science Advances, Michigan State University researchers have unraveled a surprising genetic mystery centered on sugars found in what gardeners know as "tomato tar."
	Evolutionary biologists show that the color variants of female cuckoos are based on ancient mutations Every cuckoo is an adopted child—raised by foster parents, into whose nest the cuckoo mother smuggled her egg. The cuckoo mother is aided in this subterfuge by her resemblance to a bird of prey. There are two variants of female cuckoos: a gray morph that looks like a sparrowhawk, and a rufous morph. Male cuckoos are always gray.
	COVID-19 virus disrupts protein production: Researcher discusses her recent findings Despite huge advances in our understanding of COVID-19 over the past four years, the disease is still very much among us—and there remains a lot to learn.
	Exceptionally well-preserved shark fossils from the time of the dinosaurs identified in Mexico An international team of archaeologists, paleontologists, evolutionists and geoscientists has analyzed ancient shark fossils from the time of the dinosaurs that were recently unearthed in Mexico. In their paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, the group describes the condition of the fossils and where they fit in the shark family.
	Researchers unveil PI3K enzyme's dual accelerator and brake mechanisms A group of researchers have expanded conventional knowledge on a critical enzyme that controls cell migration. In a publication in the journal Nature Communications, they reported that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) not only acts as an accelerator to prompt cell motility, but it also has a built-in brake mechanism that impedes migration.
	Unveiling the mysteries of cell division in embryos with timelapse photography The beginning of life is shrouded in mystery. While the intricate dynamics of mitosis are well-studied in the so-called somatic cells—the cells that have a specialized function, like skin and muscle cells—they remain elusive in the first cells of our bodies, the embryonic cells. Embryonic mitosis is notoriously difficult to study in vertebrates, as live functional analyses and imaging of experimental embryos are technically limited, which makes it hard to track cells during embryogenesis.
	Hidden biosphere discovered beneath world's driest hot desert In a finding with implications for the search for extraterrestrial life, researchers have discovered microbial life 13 feet below Earth's most inhospitable desert. The research is published in the journal PNAS Nexus.
	Biomolecular condensates: Study reveals poor predictive power of established liquid-liquid phase separation assays Cells buzz with millions of different biomolecules that diffuse chaotically through their substructures, yet they manage to ensure exquisite functional and spatial specificity.
	Giant virus discovered in wastewater treatment plant infects deadly parasite The single-celled organism Naegleria fowleri ranks among the deadliest human parasites. Researchers around Matthias Horn and Patrick Arthofer from the Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science at the University of Vienna, in an international collaboration, have discovered viruses that infect this harmful microbe.
	Enhanced CRISPR method enables stable insertion of large genes into the DNA of higher plants Scientists at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) have succeeded for the first time in stably and precisely inserting large gene segments into the DNA of higher plants very efficiently. To do this, they optimized the gene-editing method CRISPR/Cas, commonly known as "genetic scissors."
	New method makes finding bat roosts easier for conservationists A new algorithm is making it easier for ecologists and conservationists to find bat roost locations—reducing search areas by nearly 375 times their previous size. The technology combines microphone detector data with a bat movement model to identify optimal searching regions and predict roost locations.
	Diversity and productivity go branch-in-branch: Scientists share which forests can adapt to climate change Climate change can be characterized as the Grim Reaper or some other harbinger of dire times for humanity and natural environment, including forests. Previous studies reporting a decline in forest productivity due to climate warming and long-term drought may suggest that trees' survival hangs in the balance.
	New study reveals how parasites shape complex food webs A new study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences sheds light on how parasites influence the intricate relationships between predator and prey populations.
	Testing how well biomarkers work: New fluorescence microscopy method can improve resolution down to the Ångström scale LMU researchers have developed a method to determine how reliably target proteins can be labeled using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
	How evolution has optimized the magnetic sensor in birds Migratory birds are able to navigate and orientate with astonishing accuracy using various mechanisms, including a magnetic compass. A team led by biologists Dr. Corinna Langebrake and Prof. Dr. Miriam Liedvogel from the University of Oldenburg and the Institute of Avian Research "Vogelwarte Helgoland" in Wilhelmshaven has now compared the genomes of several hundred bird species and found further evidence that a specific protein in the birds' eyes is the magnetoreceptor which underlies this process.
	International study produces a comprehensive 'tree of life' for flowering plants With their own botanical collection material and their research knowledge on the evolution of cruciferous plants (plants of the cabbage family), bioscientists at Heidelberg University have contributed to a large-scale international study that has produced a comprehensive "tree of life" for flowering plants.
	Can climate change accelerate transmission of malaria? New research sheds light on impacts of temperature Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite that spreads from bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. If left untreated in humans, malaria can cause severe symptoms, health complications and even death.
	Researcher finds that wood frogs evolved rapidly in response to road salts When we think of evolution, we think of a process that happens over hundreds or thousands of years. In research published in Ecology and Evolution a team led by Rick Relyea, Ph.D., professor of biological sciences and David M. Darrin Senior Endowed Chair at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, found a species of frog that has evolved over the course of merely 25 years. The adaptation was spurred on by something many assume is innocuous: salt.
	Study suggests that cells possess a hidden communication system Cells constantly navigate a dynamic environment, facing ever-changing conditions and challenges. But how do cells swiftly adapt to these environmental fluctuations?
	Scientists map soil RNA to fungal genomes to understand forest ecosystems If a tree falls in the forest—whether or not anyone registers the sound—one thing is for sure: there are lots of fungi around. Within a forest's soil, hundreds of species decompose debris, mobilize nutrients from that decay, and deliver those nutrients to tree roots and soil. These fungi help shape a forest's ecology. They store carbon and cycle key nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus.
	Artificial intelligence helps scientists engineer plants to fight climate change The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has declared that removing carbon from the atmosphere is now essential to fighting climate change and limiting global temperature rise. To support these efforts, Salk Institute scientists are harnessing plants' natural ability to draw carbon dioxide out of the air by optimizing their root systems to store more carbon for a longer period of time.
	Illinois residents encouraged to destroy the eggs of invasive insects to slow spread While Chicagoans were alarmed to learn the spotted lanternfly had been found in Illinois last year, experts say spring is the time to take action against that insect—as well as another damaging invasive species that has made far more inroads and gotten less attention.
	Steelhead trout, once thriving in Southern California, are declared endangered Southern California's rivers and creeks once teemed with large, silvery fish that arrived from the ocean and swam upstream to spawn. But today, these fish are seldom seen.
	Study suggests squirrels benefit late in life from a food boom that negates early-life adversity If a person has a high-quality, late-life environment, it can mitigate the negative impact caused by early-life stressors, a new study suggests. Researchers determined this human outcome after analyzing data from more than 1,000 wild red squirrels in Canada.
	Plan to kill Catalina Island deer using sharpshooters in copters is opposed by LA County A plan to kill all the mule deer on Catalina Island using aerial sharpshooters from helicopters was strongly opposed by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors on April 23.
	The high and mighty Himalayas: A biodiversity hotbed facing significant challenges The Himalayas are home to a vast diversity of species, consisting of 10,000 vascular plants, 979 birds and 300 mammals, including the snow leopard, the red panda, the Himalayan tahr and the Himalayan monal.
	Most bees don't die after stinging—and other surprising bee facts Most of us have been stung by a bee and we know it's not much fun. But maybe we also felt a tinge of regret, or vindication, knowing the offending bee will die. Right? Well, for 99.96% of bee species, that's not actually the case.
	Sugar gums have a reputation as risky branch-droppers but they're important to bees, parrots and possums I had the good fortune to care for the sugar gum at The University of Melbourne's Burnley Gardens in Victoria where I worked for many decades. It was a fine tree—tall and dominating. Less than a year after my retirement, it shed a couple of major limbs and was removed. I had been its custodian for over 20 years and took my responsibility seriously, extending its useful life.
	Australia's tall, wet forests were not open and park-like when colonists arrived—and we shouldn't be burning them Some reports and popular books, such as Bill Gammage's Biggest Estate on Earth, have argued that extensive areas of Australia's forests were kept open through frequent burning by First Nations people. Advocates for widespread thinning and burning of these forests have relied on this belief. They argue fire is needed to return these forests to their "pre-invasion" state.
	Leaf size and defensive traits found to modulate effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition Leaf litter, as a multifunctional legacy of plants, plays an essential role in driving biogeochemical cycles, while providing important habitat and food resources for soil organisms. Litter traits and soil fauna play a crucial role in determining litter decomposition. However, the extent to which soil fauna contributed to litter decomposability is still unknown. Neither do the leaf size and defensive traits when compared to economic traits.
	AI tool recognizes serious ocular disease in horses Colloquially known as moon blindness, equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an inflammatory ocular disease in horses, which can lead to blindness or loss of the affected eye. It is one of the most common eye diseases in horses and has a major economic impact. Correct and swift diagnosis is very important to minimize lasting damage.
	Uncovering the diversity of Micropsalliota: Seven new species and one newly recorded species in southern China Species of Micropsalliota (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Agaricaceae) are mainly distributed in tropical and /or subtropical regions. These fungi are saprophytic in general and can decompose lignin and cellulose, and thus have significant value in ecosystems. Research on the Micropsalliota has a long history of more than one hundred years. However, the molecular phylogenetic study on this genus is very limited and the phylogenetic relationships of species within this genus remain largely unresolved.
	Enhancing sweet potato quality analysis with hyperspectral imaging and AI Sweet potatoes are a popular food choice for consumers worldwide because of their delicious taste and nutritious quality. The red, tuberous root vegetable can be processed into chips and fries, and it has a range of industrial applications, including textiles, biodegradable polymers, and biofuels.
	Research show oysters could help clean up the reef through filtration Scientists have found oysters could be very useful in gobbling up nutrient pollution from tropical waterways, including the Great Barrier Reef.
	Unveiling the genetic blueprint of safflower A research team has completed a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the Chuanhonghua 1 safflower genome. This work sheds light on the genetic underpinnings of crucial traits like linoleic acid (LA) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) production. It sets a new precedent for crop improvement and functional genomics studies.
	Reintroduced gray wolf found dead in Larimer County, Colorado One of 10 gray wolves reintroduced to Colorado in December was found dead in Larimer County, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service confirmed.
	Mechanism of grafting Prunus sp. to control crown gall disease by regulating the rhizosphere environment Grafting is a traditional and significant strategy to suppress soil-borne diseases, such as the crown gall disease caused by tumorigenic Agrobacterium and Rhizobium. Root exudates and the rhizosphere microbiome play critical roles in controlling crown gall disease, but their roles in suppressing crown gall disease in grafted plants remain unclear.
	Researchers discover mechanism regulating bud dormancy release in tree peony In perennial woody plants, bud endodormancy is crucial for survival under adverse environmental conditions in winter, such as low temperature (LT) and dehydration stress. To break bud dormancy is essential for the resumption of bud growth and flowering. Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.), belonging to the section Moutan of the genus Paeonia and family Paeoniaceae, is famous for high ornamental and medicinal value and is also known as a newly cultivated oil plant.
	First chromosome-level reference genomes of the ornamental banana and pink banana The genus Musa, encompassing approximately 70 herbaceous species, is predominantly found in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania. This genus is renowned for being one of the most important food crops globally and popular ornamental plants in the markets.
	SlTHM27-SlGAD2 model regulates the cold tolerance in tomato by regulating GABA and anthocyanin The frequency and intensity of plant stresses have increased in recent years due to climate change. Among them, low temperature is an unavoidable environmental factor limiting agricultural productivity.
	Team reports on relationship between contents of diosgenin and brassinosteroids in Dioscorea zingiberensis Diosgenin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the Dioscorea spp. plant family, is an irreplaceable and ideal starting material for the synthesis of steroid hormone drugs. Dioscorea zingiberensis is the world's most desirable and important plant source of steroid hormone drugs.

Medicine and Health news

	CAR T cell therapy targeting HER2 antigen shows promise against advanced sarcoma in clinical trial Researchers at Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist have published results of a Phase I clinical trial of a novel immunotherapy for high-risk sarcomas in the journal Nature Cancer.
	Study finds X's (formerly Twitter's) community notes provide accurate, credible answers to vaccine misinformation As the proliferation of misinformation continues to pose a significant challenge on social media platforms, a beacon of hope emerges in research from the University of California San Diego.
	Newly discovered mechanism helps tumor cells evade the immune system early on Tumors actively prevent the formation of immune responses by cytotoxic T cells, which are essential in combating cancer. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Hospital have now uncovered for the first time how this exactly happens.
	New study reveals key role vision plays in sculpting brain development Scientists have long known that our brains are organized into specialized areas, each responsible for distinct tasks. The visual cortex processes what we see, for instance, while the motor cortex governs movement. But how these regions form—and how their neural building blocks differ—remain a mystery.
	Mini-colons advance colorectal cancer research In a breakthrough for cancer research, scientists at EPFL have created lab-grown mini-colons that can accurately mimic the development of colorectal tumors, offering a powerful new tool for studying and testing treatments for the disease.
	A flexible microdisplay that can monitor brain activity in real-time during brain surgery Researchers have created a thin film that combines an electrode grid and LEDs that can both track and produce a visual representation of the brain's activity in real-time during surgery—a huge improvement over the current state of the art. The device is designed to provide neurosurgeons with visual information about a patient's brain to monitor brain states during surgical interventions to remove brain lesions including tumors and epileptic tissue.
	Researchers discover biology behind Fontan-operation-associated liver disease As patients with congenital heart diseases live longer, researchers are attempting to understand some of the other complications they may face as they age. A team from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) used state-of-the-art technologies to understand the underlying biology of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD).
	Single-cell analysis reveals mechanisms of a common complication of Crohn's disease Mount Sinai researchers have published the first study to use single-cell analysis in identifying several pathophysiological mechanisms of abnormal passageways in the digestive system known as perianal fistulae, a common complication of Crohn's disease. These findings were published in the journal Med on April 24.
	Understaffed nursing homes more likely to overuse antipsychotics as 'chemical restraints,' study finds Nursing homes in disadvantaged communities are more likely to overmedicate residents with antipsychotics, especially homes that are understaffed, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
	Researchers map the spatio-temporal human brain dynamics of a visual image being recognized For nearly a decade, a team of MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) researchers have been seeking to uncover why certain images persist in people's minds, while many others fade. To do this, they set out to map the spatio-temporal brain dynamics involved in recognizing a visual image.
	Artificial intelligence can evaluate cardiovascular risk during CT scan A recent study designed and implemented by investigators at Cedars-Sinai found that artificial intelligence (AI) can accurately evaluate cardiovascular risk during a routine chest computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast.
	New study prompts call for considering cholesterol screening earlier in life An Australian researcher says we should consider cholesterol screening earlier in life, with his team's latest research showing that interventions to prevent and reduce "bad" cholesterol in childhood and young adulthood may help prevent premature heart disease later in life.
	Scientists team up to expand vaccine science's role in the fight against MRSA and other infections Driven by the overuse of antimicrobials, pathogens are quickly building up resistances to once-successful treatments. It's estimated that antimicrobial-resistant infections killed more than 1 million people worldwide in 2019, according to the World Health Organization.
	Experimental strategy is the first to tackle fibrosis and scarring at the cellular level Researchers at the Center for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona and the University of Cologne in Germany have developed a new experimental strategy to tackle scarring and fibrosis. Experiments with patient-derived human cells and animal models showed the strategy was effective, non-toxic and its effects reversible. The findings are published in the journal Nature Communications.
	New study uses AI to predict malaria outbreaks in South Asia Researchers from NDORMS in collaboration with international institutions have demonstrated the potential of using environmental measurements and deep learning modeling to predict malaria outbreaks in South Asia. The study offers promising insights into improving early warning systems for one of the world's deadliest diseases.
	Immune cells on standby are constantly stimulated by healthy tissue, new study finds When pathogens invade the body, the immune system must react immediately to prevent or contain an infection. But how do our defense cells stay ready when no attacker is in sight?
	Research identifies pitfalls and opportunities for generative AI in patient messaging systems A new study by investigators from Mass General Brigham demonstrates that large language models (LLMs), a type of generative AI, may help reduce physician workload and improve patient education when used to draft replies to patient messages.
	It's easier now to treat opioid addiction with medication—but use has changed little, study finds For years, even as opioid overdose deaths dramatically increased, doctors and other prescribers in the United States needed special permission from the federal government if they wanted to prescribe buprenorphine, a medication that helps patients overcome opioid addiction and prevents fatal overdoses.
	After spinal cord injury, neurons wreak havoc on metabolism: Study finds common drug may prevent some of the effects Conditions such as diabetes, heart attack, and vascular diseases commonly diagnosed in people with spinal cord injuries can be traced to abnormal post-injury neuronal activity that causes abdominal fat tissue compounds to leak and pool in the liver and other organs, a new animal study has found.
	Gene-based therapy restores cellular development and function in brain cells from people with Timothy syndrome In a proof-of-concept study, researchers demonstrated the effectiveness of a potential new therapy for Timothy syndrome, an often life-threatening and rare genetic disorder that affects a wide range of bodily systems, leading to severe cardiac, neurological, and psychiatric symptoms as well as physical differences such as webbed fingers and toes.
	Genetic association study opens up new treatment avenues for Pick's disease, a rare form of early-onset dementia Pick's disease, a neurodegenerative disease of unknown genetic origin, is a rare type of frontotemporal dementia that affects people under the age of 65. The condition causes changes in personality, behavior and sometimes language impairment.
	Study finds AI can develop treatments to prevent 'superbugs' Cleveland Clinic researchers developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model that can determine the best combination and timeline to use when prescribing drugs to treat a bacterial infection, based solely on how quickly the bacteria grow given certain perturbations. A team led by Jacob Scott, MD, Ph.D., and his lab in the Theory Division of Translational Hematology and Oncology, recently published their findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	New potential avenues for cancer therapies through RNA-binding proteins A new paper describes the role of two RNA-binding proteins in the development of sarcoma and carcinoma cancers, highlighting the important and emerging role of RNA-binding proteins in cancer research and offering a new avenue for therapeutic targets.
	Circadian rhythms can influence drugs' effectiveness Giving drugs at different times of day could significantly affect how they are metabolized in the liver, according to a new study from MIT.
	New algorithm could provide early warning for asthma attacks A University of Texas at Dallas researcher and his international colleagues have developed an algorithm that might one day provide early medical alerts about the onset of asthma attacks or other respiratory problems.
	New device improves stem cell generation and chance for accessible Alzheimer's cell therapy Researchers in Sweden say they have improved on a technique for converting regular skin cells into neural stem cells—an advance that they say helps close the gap for accessible personalized cell-based therapies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
	Alteration of brain network condition could predict painful vaso-occlusive crisis in patients with sickle cell disease A new study led by Indiana University School of Medicine researchers has found that a brain network condition called "explosive synchronization" could be the cause of extreme pain crises in people with sickle cell disease.
	New AI technology estimates brain age using low-cost EEG device As people age, their brains do, too. But if a brain ages prematurely, there is potential for age-related diseases such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, or Parkinson's disease. If "brain age" could be easily calculated, then premature brain aging could be addressed before serious health problems occur.
	A closed-loop drug-delivery system could improve chemotherapy When cancer patients undergo chemotherapy, the dose of most drugs is calculated based on the patient's body surface area. This is estimated by plugging the patient's height and weight into an equation, dating to 1916, that was formulated from data on just nine patients.
	Survey finds loneliness epidemic runs deep among parents A new national survey conducted by The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center finds that a broad majority of parents experience isolation, loneliness and burnout from the demands of parenthood, with many feeling a lack of support in fulfilling that role.
	Does a woman's heart health affect cognition in midlife? A new study has found that Black women with poor cardiovascular health may face an elevated risk of early signs of cognitive decline in midlife.
	Exploring how the effects of racism impact sleep in adolescents Sleep and sleep disturbances have consequences for the development of adolescents and young adults. In a new article, researchers examine sleep during these periods, focusing on the effects of ethnic and racial discrimination. They conclude that improving sleep may boost health for all youth, but especially for those affected by racism.
	Study uses wearable devices to examine 3- to 6-year-olds' impulsivity, inattentiveness Why do some young children struggle to sit through a story one day but not the next? Why do they rush impulsively into one activity but not another? Parents and teachers often focus on individual differences as they prepare children for formal schooling, but traditional measurement approaches make it difficult to study fluctuations in children's behavior.
	Longest study to date assesses cognitive impairment over time in adults with essential tremor Essential tremor, a nervous system disorder that causes rhythmic shaking, is one of the most common movement disorders. A new study published in the Annals of Neurology reveals details on the increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia that individuals with essential tremor may face.
	Australian regions needing cardiac arrest education revealed Researchers have identified Australian regions with high rates of cardiac arrest and low rates of CPR, prompting calls for targeted education campaigns to improve awareness about avoiding and treating heart issues.
	US health officials warn of counterfeit Botox injections U.S. health officials issued a warning Tuesday about counterfeit Botox injections that have sickened 22 people.
	Bird flu viral fragments found in pasteurized milk: US officials US health authorities said Tuesday they had discovered fragments of bird flu virus in the nation's pasteurized cow milk supply during the course of a large study, but the samples likely posed no health risk to humans.
	Large study finds children with skin diseases suffer stigma, bullying and depression The majority of children and teens with chronic skin diseases such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, alopecia areata (hair loss) and vitiligo (pigment loss) feel stigmatized by peers for their condition and are sometimes bullied, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study. As a result, these children have a poor quality of life that includes suffering from depression, anxiety and impaired relationships with their peers.
	Discovering cancers of epigenetic origin without DNA mutation A research team including scientists from the CNRS has discovered that cancer, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, can be caused entirely by epigenetic changes, in other words, changes that contribute to how gene expression is regulated, and partly explain why, despite an identical genome, an individual develops very different cells (neurons, skin cells, etc.). The study is published in the journal Nature.
	Researchers uncover SNUPN gene responsible for a new muscular disorder A study, published in Nature Communications, sheds light on a newly identified subtype of muscular dystrophy, revealing an unsuspected role of SNUPN gene in muscle cell function.
	Infertility is rising among young married women in the US The percentage of married American women under the age of 50 who are infertile rose between 2011 and 2019, new government statistics show.
	Almost 40% of Americans live with dirty air: Report Nearly 40% of Americans live where the air is polluted enough to harm them, a new report warns.
	Opioids during pregnancy not linked to substantially increased risk of psychiatric disorders in children Opioid use during pregnancy is not associated with a substantial increase in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD in children, finds a large study from South Korea published by The BMJ today.
	Doctors combine a pig kidney transplant and a heart device in a bid to extend woman's life Doctors have transplanted a pig kidney into a New Jersey woman who was near death, part of a dramatic pair of surgeries that also stabilized her failing heart.
	Allergies can make you miserable. Here's how to track pollen levels near you Allergy season can bring misery to tens of millions of Americans each year.
	France records growing number of supercentenarians The number of people in France living beyond 110 years is growing fast, the national demographic studies institute said Wednesday, with women dominating the supercentenarian contest.
	Vaccines saved at least 154 million lives in 50 years: WHO Global immunization efforts have saved at least 154 million lives in the past 50 years, the World Health Organization said Wednesday, adding that most of those to benefit were infants.
	CDC launches online tool to help Americans manage extreme heat The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has launched a new online heat forecaster to help communities better prepare for summer's scorching temperatures.
	New rules mean 3.6 million Americans could get Wegovy via Medicare, costing billions A budget-busting 3.6 million Medicare recipients could now be eligible for coverage of the weight-loss drug Wegovy, a new KFF analysis says.
	Does ejaculating often reduce your risk of prostate cancer? In terms of men's health issues, prostate cancer features high on the agenda. It's the second most diagnosed cancer in men globally—closely followed by lung cancer. And it's the most common cancer in men in the UK.
	Good for your health and the environment: Why we should be eating oily fish A range of economic, nutritional, religious and ideological factors influence our diets. The key, however, lies in finding a balance that cares for both our health and that of the planet.
	UK universities and schools urged to ban alcohol industry-backed health advice Public health experts are calling for a ban on alcohol industry funded education programs in UK universities and schools, which they say normalize drinking and downplay the long term health risks of alcohol.
	What's the difference between ADD and ADHD? Around 1 in 20 people has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It's one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and often continues into adulthood.
	Can a drug like Ozempic help treat addictions to alcohol, opioids or other substances? Semaglutide (sold as Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus) was initially developed to treat diabetes. It works by stimulating the production of insulin to keep blood sugar levels in check.
	For immigrants to Canada, risk of multiple sclerosis increases with proportion of life spent there Immigrants to Canada who have spent a greater proportion of their lives in Canada have a greater risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) than people who have spent a smaller proportion of their lives there, according to a study published in the April 24, 2024, online issue of Neurology. The study does not prove that an increased proportion of life in Canada causes MS; it only shows an association.
	Use of acid reflux drugs linked to higher risk of migraine People who take acid-reducing drugs may have a higher risk of migraine and other severe headache than people who do not take these medications, according to a study published in the April 24, 2024, online issue of Neurology Clinical Practice. The acid-reducing drugs include proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and esomeprazole, histamine H2-receptor antagonists, or H2 blockers, such as cimetidine and famotidine, and antacid supplements.
	Researchers identify novel gene networks associated with aggressive type of breast cancer Breast cancer is the second-most common cancer diagnosis for U.S. women, and the second-leading cause of female cancer deaths. In recent years, breast cancer treatments have improved significantly, thanks to targeted gene therapy and immunotherapy. However, for the small group of patients diagnosed with the most aggressive basal-like type of breast cancer, such approaches are less successful.
	Study shows hybrid pumps work very well in type 1 diabetes Blood sugar levels improve when adults with type 1 diabetes use modern insulin pumps. These are the findings of a study conducted at the University of Gothenburg. Patients are also overwhelmingly positive about the treatment.
	Artificial sweetener has potential to damage gut, finds study New research has discovered that neotame, one of the new generation of artificial sweeteners, is capable of damaging the human intestine and causing illness.
	Research finds social media can be used to increase fruit and vegetable intake in young people Researchers from Aston University have found that people following healthy eating accounts on social media for as little as two weeks ate more fruit and vegetables and less junk food. The work is published in the journal DIGITAL HEALTH.
	Researchers analyze health information on TikTok to identify trends In today's digital age, social media platforms like TikTok have become integral parts of our lives, offering not just entertainment and catchy dances but also a wealth of information on topics ranging from home improvement to world news. According to some reports, many young people even prefer to use social media in place of traditional search engines like Google when looking for answers.
	Genetics predict type 2 diabetes risk and disparities in childhood cancer survivors Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, for which a risk factor is their greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes, with a disproportionate impact on those of non-European heritage. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists have identified four previously unknown genetic variants associated with diabetes risk in all survivors.
	Low intensity exercise linked to reduced depression New research has found a significant association between participating in low to moderate intensity exercise and reduced rates of depression.
	COVID-19 pandemic alters view that doctors are obligated to provide care: Study The unique circumstances arising from the COVID-19 pandemic altered a long-held convention that doctors provide care regardless of personal risk.
	German study confirms positive effect of anesthetic midazolam after cardiac arrest If a patient is successfully resuscitated after a cardiac arrest and circulation resumes, they are not out of the woods yet. A number of factors can influence whether and how they survive the trauma in the subsequent recovery phase.
	Study finds that a dash of exercise can help students focus and enjoy university lectures A university professor has found a way to help students—and himself—power through long lecture classes: exercise breaks.
	Alzheimer's drug development pipeline: Positive results, new insight on biomarkers position 2024 as 'learning year' The world of Alzheimer's treatments is at an inflection point as more potential drugs make their way out of clinical trials.
	Trials reveal that internet-based conversations help sustain brain function in older adults Social isolation has been linked to faster cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing dementia, although the biological mechanisms of this association are not well understood.
	Researchers uncover interrelation between recency and central tendency biases in working memory Neuroscientists have revealed that recency bias in working memory naturally leads to central tendency bias, the phenomenon where people's (and animals') judgements are biased towards the average of previous observations. Their findings may hint at why the phenomenon is so ubiquitous.
	Research highlights role of faith spaces in supporting healthy aging A team of researchers from The University of Manchester has spent the last 18 months examining how faith spaces in Greater Manchester support different groups of older people within their communities.
	Lax antitrust enforcement linked to rising hospital prices A new study co-authored by a Yale economist provides evidence that insufficient antitrust enforcement in the U.S. hospital sector is contributing to reduced competition and higher prices for hospital care.
	Self-administered acupressure reduces knee pain with suspected osteoarthritis Self-administered acupressure (SAA) is an efficacious and cost-effective approach to relieve knee pain in middle-aged and older adults with probable knee osteoarthritis (OA), according to a study published online April 19 in JAMA Network Open.
	Climate change is multiplying the threat caused by antimicrobial resistance, researcher warns Climate change is multiplying the threat caused by antimicrobial resistance (AMR), amplifying its growing risk through increasing global temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions and rising sea levels. This warning along will be given in a new evidence review at this year's ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) (27-30 April), by Professor Sabiha Essack, South African Research Chair in Antibiotic Resistance and One Health at the Antimicrobial Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
	Expert sounds alarm as mosquito-borne diseases become a global phenomenon in a warmer, more populated world The geographical range of vector-borne diseases, especially diseases such as malaria and dengue, that are transmitted by mosquitoes, has expanded rapidly over the last 80 years, with over half the world's population now at risk. Spurred on by global warming and urbanization, mosquito-borne disease outbreaks are set to spread across currently unaffected parts of northern Europe, Asia, North America and Australia over the next few decades.
	New UV air disinfection technology could help protect against health care infections, possibly the next pandemic Experts are working on a new type of ultraviolet light called far-UVC that could be highly effective for reducing airborne transmission of diseases such as COVID-19 and influenza--as well as surface contamination in hospitals--with hopes that it could even reduce the risk of the next pandemic.
	WHO calls for global detection networks for bird flu virus The World Health Organization (WHO) called Wednesday for a strengthening of global detection networks for the H5N1 bird flu virus which infected a large number of animal species.
	Antibiotic resistance in babies varies according to mode of birth, prematurity and where they live, says analysis A meta-analysis of genetic studies analyzing the microbiota (bacteria in the gut) of 1,275 infants from 10 countries finds that cesarean delivery and antibiotic use are driving the increase of antibiotic resistance genes load among infants, according to new research being presented at this year's ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27-30 April).
	COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and fewer common side effects most important factors in whether adults choose vaccination Concerns about the common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and their effectiveness are key to determining whether adults in Germany and the UK choose to get vaccinated against the virus, according to new research being presented at this year's ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27-30 April).
	To mask or not to mask? Understanding public health behaviors during COVID-19 Historically, we have tried to learn from our responses to large-scale health emergencies to prevent future health crises, but the factors influencing public health behavior are deeply complex.
	Unveiling immune features of heart failure paves the way for targeted therapies In a recent study published in the Science Bulletin, researchers comprehensively examined the composition and phenotypic features of myeloid cells in human failing hearts at a single-cell level, offering valuable insights into potential targets for monitoring and treating cardiac inflammation in heart failure.
	Language that could be clues to suicide differ between men and women, study finds The suicide rate for men is about four times higher than for women. While men make up 50% of the population, they account for 80% of the suicides. Yet, suicide risk in men often goes unnoticed.
	Solving the riddle of the sphingolipids in coronary artery disease Weill Cornell Medicine investigators have uncovered a way to unleash in blood vessels the protective effects of a type of fat-related molecule known as a sphingolipid, suggesting a promising new strategy for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
	Testicular maldescent in infertile men may be a sign of a more severe genetic syndrome A surprisingly high fraction of infertile men presenting congenital testicular maldescent, cryptorchidism were revealed as undiagnosed cases of congenital RASopathy syndromes, as stated in a recent publication in Frontiers in Endocrinology by researchers from the University of Tartu and the Andrology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital.
	Targeted use of enfortumab vedotin for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma An interdisciplinary research team has published new findings that indicate which patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma could benefit in particular from the new targeted therapy with the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin.
	EU opens probe into China's medical device market The European Union on Wednesday announced a probe into China's medical devices market, prompting an immediate accusation from Beijing that the bloc was engaging in "protectionism".
	Dermatologist explains light therapy for skin Dermatologists advise their patients to avoid harmful ultraviolet light, which can cause skin damage, photo-aging and skin cancer. But they also may prescribe light therapy to treat certain skin conditions. Light therapy is a treatment that uses different wavelengths of light to treat various skin conditions.
	Methodists and Church of England followers more likely to have COVID vaccinations than Muslims and Pentecostals There are many factors which affect how successfully a vaccine is rolled out. One of these is the public health communication strategy. Surprisingly, a key factor in determining the success of these strategies is religion. While some religious groups were keen to be vaccinated against COVID-19, others were much more hesitant.
	Sticking your neck out for the PWHL: A call to mandate neck guards in women's hockey The Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) has gained immense popularity since its inception in 2023. It has boasted a number of sold out games and has set audience attendance records in Toronto, Ottawa, Montréal, Detroit and Minnesota.
	TikTok is full of misleading information about birth control—wellness influencers are helping drive these narratives There's been an increase in content posted on TikTok and Instagram recently discussing the alleged dangers of birth control. Content creators have shared concerns about the pill's side-effects ranging from weight gain to low libido and fluctuating moods. Other claims are misleading because they exaggerate the risks associated with contraception, cancer and infertility.
	Identifying proteins causally related to COVID-19, healthspan and lifespan A new research paper titled "Using genetics and proteomics data to identify proteins causally related to COVID-19, healthspan and lifespan: a Mendelian randomization study" has been published in Aging.
	Study reviews the role of a ribonucleic acid 'MALAT1' in hematological malignancies Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs), despite not coding for any protein, can play a significant role in cancer formation, progression, and treatment outcomes. One such lncRNA of interest is MALAT1, abbreviated for metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1.

Other Sciences news

	Scientists use ancient DNA, historical context to unravel kinship, social practices of Avar society A multidisciplinary research team led by scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology has combined ancient DNA data with a clear archaeological, anthropological and historical context to reconstruct the social dynamics of Avar-period steppe descent populations that settled in Europe's Carpathian Basin in the 6th century.
	Social change may explain decline in genetic diversity of the Y chromosome at the end of the Neolithic period The emergence in the Neolithic of patrilineal social systems, in which children are affiliated with their father's lineage, may explain a spectacular decline in the genetic diversity of the Y chromosome observed worldwide between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.
	Study: Sharing household chores can lead to income gains Married women in patriarchal societies become more socially and financially independent when they participate in counseling with their spouses aimed at breaking gender norms, according to new research from a University of Texas at Arlington economist.
	Half our colleagues suffer pain and discomfort from periods—but they're still a taboo subject at work Have you ever felt sick at work? Perhaps you had food poisoning or the flu. Your belly hurt, or you felt tired, making it hard to concentrate and be productive.
	The story of the first Alor people adapting to climate change 43,000 years ago As humans, our greatest evolutionary advantage has always been our ability to adapt and innovate. When people first reached the expanded coastline of Southeast Asia around 65,000 years ago, and faced the sea crossings necessary to continue east into the islands of the Wallacean archipelago (the migration of Homo sapiens out of Africa to Australia), these abilities were put to use like never before.
	How studying trends in human lifespans can measure progress in addressing inequality People are living longer lives compared to previous generations but, over the last few decades, there has been a hidden shift—they are passing away at increasingly similar ages.
	Leave policies can disadvantage women in tough times Female employees with access to family leave policies bear the brunt of economic downturns, according to a new study.
	Study recommends ending use of drug dogs, reducing police presence at future Mardi Gras A study of policing at WorldPride and Mardi Gras events in 2023 found it was heavy-handed and damaging to its relationship with the LGBTQIA+ community.
	No laughing matter, unfortunately: Why aggressive humor might pay for CEOs Humor is central to human interaction and social perception. However, hardly any research has looked at how humor works in top management communication. This is where a new conceptual study comes in. Titled "Good Fun or Laughingstock? How CEO Humor Affects Infomediaries' Social Evaluations of Organizations," the article was published in the journal Academy of Management Review.
	Investigating the stereotypes pre-service teachers associate with pupils with special educational needs In the course of inclusion, teachers are increasingly instructing pupils with special educational needs. Stereotypes regarding these children and adolescents can influence how the teachers deal with them. The DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education has now investigated how pre-service teachers imagine autistic pupils and those with Down syndrome and dyslexia.
	Narcissistic CEOs appoint other narcissists to the management board, study finds Birds of a feather flock together, as the popular saying goes. It seems that this also applies to narcissistic managers, as a research team led by Professor Lorenz Graf-Vlachy from TU Dortmund University has discovered. Narcissistic CEOs are inclined to appoint other narcissists to the management board.
	Crises like pandemics or financial crashes could stall progress on gender diversity in boardrooms Forget shattering the glass ceiling—a new research study published in The Leadership Quarterly warns that crises like the recent COVID-19 pandemic or a global financial crash could slam the brakes on progress toward improving gender diversity in boardrooms.
	Virtual reality can motivate people to donate to refugee crises regardless of politics Political conservatives who watched a documentary on Syrian refugees with a virtual reality headset had far more sympathy for the people depicted in the film than those who viewed the same film on a two-dimensional computer screen.
	Computer game helps students get better at detecting fake news A computer game helped upper secondary school students become better at distinguishing between reliable and misleading news. This is shown by a study conducted by researchers at Uppsala University and elsewhere.
	Startup financing gender gaps greater in societies where women are more empowered: Study Commercial bankers provide capital to fund the operations and growth of businesses. However, as these lenders evaluate entrepreneurs who apply for loans, gender bias leads to women being denied more often than their male counterparts.
	Argentine students protest funding cuts to public universities Tens of thousands of Argentine university students took to the streets Tuesday to protest cuts to higher public education, research and science under budget-slashing new President Javier Milei.
	Why the term 'DEI' is being weaponized as a racist dog whistle A bridge in Baltimore collapsing, a door falling off an airplane and antisemitism—what do they have in common? In recent months, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) has been blamed for all three.
	Scotland's hate crime law: The problem with using public order laws to govern online speech Scotland's new hate crime law came into force on April 1, sparking immediate controversy over its potential effects on freedom of speech and expression, especially online. The Hate Crime and Public Order (Scotland) Act expands on current laws about crimes that have the possibility to stir up hatred, in Scotland only.
	Study of economic variables, regional factors influencing Vietnam's real estate market A detailed analysis of Vietnam's real estate market aimed to identify the factors that contribute to the formation of real estate bubbles. The study, published in the International Journal of Economics and Business Research covered the period from 2011 to 2021 and focused on various economic variables and regional factors influencing property prices and the overall stability of the real estate market.

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