Science X Newsletter Fri, Apr 5

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 5, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A framework to improve air-ground robot navigation in complex occlusion-prone environments

Scientists harness chemical dynamics for complex problem solving

Chipless fiber for wireless visual-to-digital transmission senses interactions with the human body

Quantinuum quantum computer using Microsoft's 'logical quantum bits' runs 14,000 experiments with no errors

Giving eyeglasses to workers in developing countries boosts income

Propelling atomically layered magnets toward green computers

First atlas of the human ovary with cell-level resolution is a step toward artificial ovary

Radiation before mastectomy found to cut time delays for reconstructive surgery in breast cancer patients

New method can evaluate enzyme involved in process associated with cancer cell death

Corals can bounce back after heat waves, but only if there's enough time between them

Ancient DNA and bones reveal species on the move as a result of climate changes thousands of years ago

Rapid, simultaneous detection of multiple bacteria achieved with handheld sensor

Untangling the threads of early onset dementia

Insect immune insights: Researchers unveil immune system dynamics

Scientists observe neuronal stimulus transmission by coloring nerve cells with novel antibody

Nanotechnology news

	Propelling atomically layered magnets toward green computers Globally, computation is booming at an unprecedented rate, fueled by the boons of artificial intelligence. With this, the staggering energy demand of the world's computing infrastructure has become a major concern, and the development of computing devices that are far more energy-efficient is a leading challenge for the scientific community.
	New micromaterial releases nanoparticles that selectively destroy cancer cells Researchers have developed micromaterials made up only of proteins, capable of delivering over an extended period of time nanoparticles that attack specific cancer cells and destroy them. The micromaterials mimic natural secretory granules found in the endocrine system and were proven effective in mouse models of colorectal cancer.
	Utilizing palladium for addressing contact issues of buried oxide thin film transistors A novel method that employs palladium to inject hydrogen into the deeply buried oxide-metal electrode contacts of amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) storage devices, which reduces contact resistance, has been developed by scientists at Tokyo Tech. This innovative method presents a valuable solution for addressing the contact issues of AOSs, paving the way for their application in next-generation storage devices and displays.

Physics news

	Quantinuum quantum computer using Microsoft's 'logical quantum bits' runs 14,000 experiments with no errors A team of computer engineers from quantum computer maker Quantinuum, working with computer scientists from Microsoft, has found a way to greatly reduce errors when running experiments on a quantum computer. The combined group has published a paper describing their work and results on the arXiv preprint server.
	Simulating magnetization in a Heisenberg quantum spin chain The rapid progress of quantum simulators is now enabling them to study problems that before have been limited to the domain of theoretical physics and numerical simulation. A team of researchers at Google Quantum AI and their collaborators showed this novel capability by studying dynamics in 1D quantum magnets, specifically chains of spin-1⁄2 particles.
	Kerr-enhanced optical spring for next-generation gravitational wave detectors The detection of gravitational waves stands as one of the most significant achievements in modern physics. In 2017, gravitational waves from the merger of a binary neutron star were detected for the first time which uncovered crucial information about our universe, from the origin of short gamma-ray bursts to the formation of heavy elements.

Earth news

	The Southern Ocean has the cleanest air on Earth—scientists have just discovered why The Southern Ocean is renowned for having the cleanest air on Earth. But the precise reasons why have remained a mystery, until now.
	Ocean waves propel PFAS back to land, new study finds A new study by researchers at the Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, published in Science Advances, reveals that PFAS re-emit into the air from crashing ocean waves at levels comparable to or greater than other sources, establishing a cyclical transport process for these "forever chemicals" between land and sea.
	Ocean floor a 'reservoir' of plastic pollution, study finds New research from CSIRO, Australia's national science agency, and the University of Toronto in Canada, estimates up to 11 million metric tons of plastic pollution is sitting on the ocean floor. The article, "Plastics in the deep sea—A global estimate of the ocean floor reservoir," was published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers.
	Defining a city using cell-phone data Humans are becoming more urban, with more than half of the world's population now living in cities. This rapid growth poses unique challenges to both the study and governance of cities—a challenge made harder because we lack a single common definition of "city."
	Austria risks becoming largely 'ice-free' in 45 years: Alpine Club Austria is set to become largely "ice-free" within 45 years, the country's Alpine Club warned Friday, as two of its glaciers last year melted by more than 100 meters (330 feet).
	Sensitive interventions to catalyze China's net-zero transition in energy and transport The global energy transition could happen sooner than anticipated if sensitive intervention points are used to deliver China's carbon neutrality policy at the city-level, researchers from the University of Oxford and The Chinese University of Hong Kong outline.
	Heat-trapping carbon dioxide and methane levels in the air last year spiked to record highs again The levels of the crucial heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere reached historic highs last year, growing at near-record fast paces, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
	Waterfront cities in Europe set sail for climate resilience A group of European urban areas bordering seas and rivers is paving the way for climate neutrality by 2030.
	How do manufacturing choices affect microfiber shed? New research in Frontiers of Environmental Science sheds light on how manufacturing choices influence microfiber release in textiles.
	Why is Australia's east coast getting so much rain? An atmospheric scientist explains Headlines declaring a "Black Nor'easter" appeared this week as New South Wales and Queensland copped heavy rain—and residents have been warned to brace for more.

Astronomy and Space news

	New observations provide insights into whether the birth of brown dwarfs takes a similar course to that of stars The birth of stars is a chaotic and dynamic process, especially in the early phase, which is characterized by complex gas structures in the form of spirals and streamers. Such structures are termed "feeding filaments" because they feed the gaseous material from the surroundings to the newly born star, akin to cosmic umbilical cords.
	Astronomers detect potential 'glory effect' on a hellish distant world for the first time Potential signs of the rainbow-like "glory effect" have been detected on a planet outside our solar system. Glory are colorful concentric rings of light that occur only under peculiar conditions.
	Researchers say neutron stars are key to understanding elusive dark matter Scientists may be one step closer to unlocking one of the great mysteries of the universe after calculating that neutron stars might hold a key to helping us understand elusive dark matter.
	The total solar eclipse is a cosmic spectacle well worth the hype Eclipse fever has gripped North America, where many people are talking, worrying—and obsessing—about the April 8 total solar eclipse.
	NASA's NEOWISE extends legacy with decade of near-Earth object data As the infrared space telescope continues its long-duration survey of the universe, it is creating a unique resource for future astronomers to make new discoveries.
	NASA achieves milestone for engines to power future Artemis missions NASA achieved a major milestone April 3 for production of new RS-25 engines to help power its Artemis campaign to the moon and beyond with completion of a critical engine certification test series at NASA's Stennis Space Center near Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
	Video: Ariane 6 passes tests in preparation for first flight Europe's next rocket, Ariane 6, passed all its qualification tests in preparation for its first flight, and the full-scale test model has been removed from the launch pad to make way for the real rocket that will ascend to space.
	What you need to know about next week's total solar eclipse On April 8, daytime skies across North America will dim as the moon obscures sunlight. It will be the last total solar eclipse seen from the contiguous United States for the next two decades.

Technology news

	A framework to improve air-ground robot navigation in complex occlusion-prone environments Robotic systems have so far been primarily deployed in warehouses, airports, malls, offices, and other indoor environments, where they assist humans with basic manual tasks or answer simple queries. In the future, however, they could also be deployed in unknown and unmapped environments, where obstacles can easily occlude their sensors, increasing the risk of collisions.
	Chipless fiber for wireless visual-to-digital transmission senses interactions with the human body A team of materials scientists and engineers from Donghua University, in China, and the National University of Singapore, has developed a type of fiber that does not rely on chips or batteries to convert visual signals to digital transmissions as it interacts with the human body.
	Without community support, the green energy transition will fail: How to get communities on board Connecting cheap, clean energy from renewables comes with a hidden cost and challenge: building 5,000 kilometers of new transmission lines this decade, and another 5,000km after that. This sounds like a lot, but 5,000km is only around 10% of the existing grid network, and unlocks more than 32 gigawatts of new clean energy capacity by 2030.
	Advances in understanding COPV structural life The Structures Technical Discipline Team (TDT) was involved in numerous investigations this past year, but composites, fracture mechanics, and pressure vessels dominate the list. All three of these specialties are important to composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV).
	NASA noise prediction tool supports users in air taxi industry Several air taxi companies are using a NASA-developed computer software tool to predict aircraft noise and aerodynamic performance. This tool allows manufacturers working in fields related to NASA's Advanced Air Mobility mission to see early in the aircraft development process how design elements like propellors or wings would perform. This saves the industry time and money when making potential design modifications.
	Manual transcription still beats AI: A comparative study on transcription services A research team from the Empirical Research Support (ERS) at CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security has conducted a systematic comparison of the most popular transcription services. The comparison involved 11 providers of manual as well as AI-based transcriptions.
	Swiss energy study shows transformative potential of decentralization Researchers from EPFL and HES-SO Valais Wallis have published a study outlining a path to a more sustainable energy future for Switzerland. The study emphasizes the importance of local energy solutions, and the role of decentralized systems for community empowerment.
	Sanction the use of cyberweapons, not the weapons themselves, concludes expert review A recent analysis by Helene Pleil, research associate at the Digital Society Institute (DSI) at ESMT Berlin, alongside colleagues from Technical University Darmstadt, outlines that rapid technological progress, a lack of political will and uniform definitions, as well as the dual use of cyber tools, are the main challenges facing effective cyber arms control which is vital for foreign and security policy. As cyberspace is increasingly used in conflicts, cyber arms control needs to be addressed as well.
	Texas can lead the new hydrogen economy, study finds A new study highlights the potential for Texas to become a global leader in the development of a robust hydrogen economy.
	Researchers unveil time series deep learning technique for optimal performance in AI models A team of researchers has unveiled a time series machine learning technique designed to address data drift challenges. This innovative approach, led by Professor Sungil Kim and Professor Dongyoung Lim from the Department of Industrial Engineering and the Artificial Intelligence Graduate School at UNIST, effectively handles irregular sampling intervals and missing values in real-world time series data, offering a robust solution for ensuring optimal performance in artificial intelligence (AI) models.
	China's green-tech manufacturing powerhouse China has extended its manufacturing domination to clean energy industries in recent years, alongside a global push for climate change action, but that is starting to worry the United States, Europe and others.
	X gives free blue check to big follower accounts Users with big followings will receive a free subscription to X, formerly Twitter—and the platform's famous blue check, the company said in another policy U-turn.
	Zimbabwe launches new gold-backed currency Zimbabwe's central bank launched a new "structured currency" backed by gold on Friday, as it seeks to tackle sky-high inflation and stabilize the country's long-floundering economy.
	Apple lays off more than 600 workers in California in its first major round of post-pandemic cuts Apple is laying off more than 600 workers in California, marking the company's first big wave of post-pandemic job cuts amid a broader wave of tech industry consolidation.
	AI a 'game changer' but company execs not ready: survey A majority of corporate executives across leading economies believe artificial intelligence will be a "game changer" for their industry but admit their leadership teams lack the knowledge to understand AI's risks and rewards, a study showed Friday.
	Meta to start labeling AI-generated content in May Facebook and Instagram giant Meta on Friday said it will begin labeling AI-generated media beginning in May, as it tries to reassure users and governments over the risks of deepfakes.
	Microsoft says China using AI to sow division in US China is ramping up use of AI-generated content and fake social media accounts to inflame division in the United States and elsewhere, according to the latest report from Microsoft's threat center.

Chemistry news

	Scientists harness chemical dynamics for complex problem solving At the intersection of chemistry and computation, researchers from the University of Glasgow have developed a hybrid digital-chemical probabilistic computational system based on the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction which can be used for solving combinatorial optimization problems.
	Rapid, simultaneous detection of multiple bacteria achieved with handheld sensor Hear the words E. coli or salmonella and food poisoning comes to mind. Rapid detection of such bacteria is crucial in preventing outbreaks of foodborne illness. While the usual practice is to take food samples to a laboratory to see the type and quantity of bacteria that forms in a petri dish over a span of days, an Osaka Metropolitan University research team has created a handheld device for quick on-site detection.
	Research team creates a chemistry map for human cells Scientists at NPL worked with Diamond Light Source to publish a study that shows how the chemistry of human cells changes, depending on the structure of their extracellular niche, are major determinants of cell responses and development pathways. The paper is published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.
	Chemical reactions can scramble quantum information as well as black holes If you were to throw a message in a bottle into a black hole, all of the information in it, down to the quantum level, would become completely scrambled. Because in black holes this scrambling happens as quickly and thoroughly as quantum mechanics allows. They are generally considered nature's ultimate information scramblers.

Biology news

	New method can evaluate enzyme involved in process associated with cancer cell death New research could pave the way to developing cancer drugs targeting an enzyme that inhibits ferroptosis, a type of cell death. Cancer cells that are resistant to anticancer drugs are known to be vulnerable to ferroptosis. Therefore, agents that effectively induce or enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis are expected to become novel anticancer agents.
	Corals can bounce back after heat waves, but only if there's enough time between them With marine heat waves of varying severity identified in Australian waters over the summer, a new study of a remote coral reef in the north-west has found that they can recover from bleaching events caused by heat waves, and other disturbances, as long as there is enough time.
	Ancient DNA and bones reveal species on the move as a result of climate changes thousands of years ago By analyzing DNA and studying old animal bones, researchers have been able to reconstruct the animal diversity from a cave in Nordland, Norway.
	Insect immune insights: Researchers unveil immune system dynamics A paper published in PLoS Pathogens, titled "Mapping the functional form of the trade-off between infection resistance and reproductive fitness under dysregulated immune signaling," delves into the microscopic realm and unravels the orchestrated defense mechanisms led by the molecular regulator cactus.
	Scientists observe neuronal stimulus transmission by coloring nerve cells with novel antibody Due to their simple body structure with a limited number of cell types, freshwater polyps (Hydra) can be used to study many fundamental processes of life. In recent years, Hydra has also experienced a renaissance as a model organism for neuroscience—thanks to the US BRAIN initiative.
	Discovery of how COVID-19 virus replicates opens door to new antiviral therapies A new study looking at the replication stage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 reveals important mechanisms in its replication that could be the foundation for new antiviral therapies.
	Microorganisms may be essential to the survival of coral reefs threatened by climate change A study led by a researcher at the University of Stirling has identified microscopic organisms that may be crucial to the survival of coral reefs.
	eDNA methods give a real-time look at coral reef health The human gut is full of microbes. Some microbes can make people sick, while others are responsible for balancing gut health. But humans aren't the only species whose health depends on these microorganisms. Coral reef ecosystems rely on microorganisms to recycle organic matter and nutrients. These cells also help feed corals and other life reliant on reefs.
	Scientists discover process to undermine bacterial viral Salmonella infection Researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have discovered a mechanism by which a bacterial virus undermines the virulence of Salmonella, allowing the host a chance to rehabilitate.
	During the 2024 eclipse, biologists want to find out how birds will respond to darkness in the middle of the day The total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, coincides with an exciting time for wild birds. Local birds are singing for mates and fighting for territories as they gear up for their once-a-year chance to breed.
	Reef management techniques have the potential to save coral Scientists say the relocation of coral away from the path of a new wastewater pipe has been a success and shows how coral can be moved to reduce the impact of developments and natural disasters.
	Heat stress from ocean warming harms octopus vision While climate change has led to an increase in the abundance of octopuses, heat stress from projected ocean warming could impair their vision and impact the survivability of the species.
	Four in five bird species cannot tolerate intense human pressures, data show Currently 14% of the world's 11,000 bird species are threatened with extinction. A new study assessed the populations of bird species across a spectrum of landscapes from pristine habitats to human-dominated environments.
	Study confirms A. yasumatsui as sole biotic threat to Micronesian cycad A new study has confirmed that the invasive A. yasumatsui, known as Cycad Aulacaspis Scale (CAS), stands alone as the greatest threat to the existence of the Cycas micronesica species. The endemic cycad species to Micronesia has thrived in the region for 9,000 years but is now threatened with extinction following the arrival of the invasive scale in Guam discovered in 2003.
	Two sex pheromone receptors for sexual communication found in the American cockroach Sex pheromones are vital in facilitating the chemical communication that underpins insect courtship and mating behavior. Among female American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), two key volatile sex pheromone components, periplanone-A (PA) and periplanone-B (PB), are predominantly released. Previous studies have indicated that PB is the primary component, but the precise interplay between PA and PB, alongside their regulatory mechanisms in male courtship and mating behavior has remained ambiguous.

Medicine and Health news

	First atlas of the human ovary with cell-level resolution is a step toward artificial ovary A new "atlas" of the human ovary provides insights that could lead to treatments restoring ovarian hormone production and the ability to have biologically related children, according to University of Michigan engineers.
	Radiation before mastectomy found to cut time delays for reconstructive surgery in breast cancer patients Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center showed that altering the sequence of breast cancer treatment to administer radiation before mastectomy allowed for concurrent breast reconstruction surgery, which reduced the number of operations required, minimized treatment delays and improved patient satisfaction.
	Untangling the threads of early onset dementia Changes in personality, behavior and language are hallmarks of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the most common form of dementia in patients under the age of 65, which is associated with degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Researchers have known that a less common protective variant of a gene called TMEM106B may slow disease progression, and now they have new insight into how parts of the protein produced by the TMEM106B gene may increase risk and cause the disease to accelerate.
	Researchers discuss the unseen community effects of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders As unprecedented as the outbreak of COVID-19 felt, it was far from the first time a deadly disease has swept the globe. Historians have identified epidemics and pandemics dating as far back as 430 B.C. Records tell us how these diseases spread and how many people died, but not people's personal experiences of the crises.
	The architectural role of p53: Early 3D chromatin remodeling to trigger cellular stress response The simplest explanation of cancer is that, for any reason, a cell in our body ignores its biological program and gets loose, multiplying itself again and again, creating a tumor. This has a lot to do with the wrong use of its genetic information, contained within its genes. Cells are smart enough to see this coming and try to activate an emergency response, usually through specific genes called tumor suppressors. The best-known of these is TP53 (producing the protein p53), discovered more than 40 years ago.
	Platform tracks SARS-CoV-2 mutational impact on disease severity, identifies effective therapeutic inhibitors A multidisciplinary research team from the LKS Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed) and the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) has successfully developed an innovative screening platform to rapidly assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on disease severity.
	Molecular subtypes of advanced kidney cancer matter for treatment response A combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapies show promise in managing metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer that makes up 90% of all cases. However, accurately predicting responses to these treatments remains a significant challenge.
	Focused ultrasound technique gets quality assurance protocol For the past several years, Washington University in St. Louis researchers have been using focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles to target an opening in the tough, protective blood-brain barrier to deliver drugs or retrieve biomarkers. However, the fast-developing technology has lacked a strategy to ensure that it functions safely and consistently.
	New study suggests enhanced mitochondrial fusion fuels nerve cell function and plasticity Nerve cells (neurons) are among the most complex cell types in our body. They achieve this complexity during development by extending ramified branches called dendrites and axons and establishing thousands of synapses to form intricate networks. The production of most neurons is confined to embryonic development, yet few brain regions are exceptionally endowed with neurogenesis throughout adulthood.
	Pig hearts kept alive outside the body for more than 24 hours offers hope for many humans needing a transplant Fifty-six years after the first human-to-human heart transplantation, more than 5,000 hearts are transplanted each year around the world. This number is far from enough to give a new heart to everyone who needs one, with up to 50,000 people needing one at any time.
	Clinical trial: First cardiac bioimplants for treatment of myocardial infarction using umbilical cord stem cells The results of a pioneering study support the safety of the bioimplants called PeriCord, made from stem cells of the umbilical cord and pericardium from a tissue donor, which aid in the regeneration and revascularization of the affected area. The study has monitored seven interventions of this pioneering tissue engineering surgery over three years, noting excellent biocompatibility and no rejection in patients.
	A deep dive into the genetics of alcohol consumption A research group centered at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine has drilled deep into a dataset of over 3 million individuals compiled by the direct-to-consumer genetics company 23andMe, Inc., and found intriguing connections between genetic factors influencing alcohol consumption and their relationship with other disorders.
	Human neuron model paves the way for new Alzheimer's therapies Weill Cornell Medicine scientists have developed an innovative human neuron model that robustly simulates the spread of tau protein aggregates in the brain—a process that drives cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. This new model has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that could potentially block tau spread.
	Research team builds first tandem repeat expansions genetic reference maps A research team led by the University of California, Irvine has built the first genetic reference maps for short lengths of DNA repeated multiple times which are known to cause more than 50 lethal human diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and multiple cancers.
	Study finds many younger people from high income neighborhoods jumped the eligibility queue for COVID-19 vaccines in NYC Despite vaccine shortages, many younger people in New York City accessed vaccines ahead of schedule, particularly in high-income areas, according to new research at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.
	Bladder cancer treatment can be better targeted and more effective, trials show Testing for tumor DNA in the blood can successfully identify advanced bladder cancer patients who will not relapse following surgery, new research shows.
	Biological mechanism discovered that could lead to new treatments for neurological disorders and cancers The lab of Yongchao C. Ma, Ph.D., at Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago has discovered a fundamental biological mechanism that could lead to new treatments for neurological diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and autism, as well as different cancers.
	Study finds immunotherapy combination before surgery improves outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer A pilot study led by UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center investigators suggests that for people with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, administrating an immunotherapy drug in combination with chemotherapy before surgery is safe and may improve long-term outcomes.
	Urgent action needed to combat antimicrobial resistance: report Political leaders are ignoring the growing danger of antimicrobial resistance, which could lead to an unprecedented health and economic catastrophe, a high-level task force warned on Thursday.
	Esports, pickleball, and obstacle course racing are surging in popularity. What are their health benefits? In an era when digital domains and traditional sports fields merge, a new wave of athletic pursuits is on the rise.
	Why losing a parent when you're a young adult is so hard Losing a parent is never easy. Although the grief of parentally bereaved children and adolescents is widely recognized by charities and in media, people in their twenties and thirties can be overlooked.
	New research links perinatal depression with premenstrual mood disorders Changes in mood are a common experience for many women throughout their reproductive years. Menstruation, pregnancy and menopause are all punctuated by hormonal fluctuations—and these fluctuations can affect a person's mood.
	As AI eye exams prove their worth, lessons for future tech emerge Christian Espinoza, director of a Southern California drug-treatment provider, recently began employing a powerful new assistant: an artificial intelligence algorithm that can perform eye exams with pictures taken by a retinal camera. It makes quick diagnoses, without a doctor present.
	How do wildfires affect mental health? A new study examines the connection Checking air quality and staying indoors when smoke inundates the Seattle area has become second nature during Washington's wildfire season in recent years. But new research highlights how wildfires can affect a less visible aspect of well-being: mental health.
	When can my baby drink cow's milk? It's sooner than you think, say researchers Parents are often faced with well-meaning opinions and conflicting advice about what to feed their babies.
	Surveillance colonoscopy rarely IDs cancer in older adults, study finds Colorectal cancer (CRC) is rarely detected from surveillance colonoscopy among older adults, regardless of prior adenoma findings, according to a study published online April 2 in JAMA Network Open.
	Prevalence of hepatitis delta found to be high in hepatitis B surface antigen chronic carriers The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is high in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) chronic carriers detected through annual screenings, according to a study published online March 22 in United European Gastroenterology Journal.
	Study shows sense of smell is influenced by cues from other senses The sense of smell is highly influenced by the cues from other senses, while the sense of sight and hearing are affected to a much lesser extent, shows a new study in Journal of Neuroscience, titled "Olfactory categorization is shaped by a transmodal cortical network for evaluating perceptual predictions."
	Researchers find antipsychotics help ease episodes of marijuana-induced psychosis Overuse of marijuana is increasingly being linked to dangerous bouts of psychosis, and a new study finds that antipsychotics may be needed to keep such patients out of the hospital.
	Was the FDA too quick approving test for opioid addiction risk? A test to gauge if it's safe to prescribe a patient an addictive opioid may have been approved too soon by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, claims a letter sent to the agency by a group of experts.
	Radiomics nomograms predict cochlear, vestibular endolymphatic hydrops in meniere disease Novel radiomics nomograms successfully predict cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in patients with Meniere disease, according to a study published online March 8 in European Radiology.
	Machine learning algorithm could offer urologists a 'crystal ball' for predicting VUR Hydronephrosis is a common congenital anomaly that is increasingly identified during prenatal ultrasound. Although ultrasound is also the first-line test to screen for hydronephrosis in infants, it is poor at determining dilating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), one cause of hydronephrosis. A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) can better characterize VUR but is more invasive and costlier.
	Tracking ticks in Georgia to help monitor emerging diseases The most common tick found on humans in Georgia is the lone star tick—an aggressive seeker of blood that can spread dangerous pathogens through its bites.
	Video: Advances in treating kidney cancer Kidney cancer is one the most common cancers in the U.S., with over 81,000 new diagnoses in 2023 alone. Mayo Clinic sees a high volume of kidney cancer cases and is among the most experienced institutions in treating kidney tumors.
	Investigating resilience through intrinsic capacity networks in older adults In old age, a tighter interlinkage between different domains of functional capacity may indicate a loss of system resilience. This was observed in a study conducted at the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
	Lifetime of stress takes toll on cardiovascular health of Black Americans Daily and lifetime exposure to stress may cause wear and tear on the stress responses of Black Americans, blunting their biological stress response, a new University of Michigan study shows.
	Consensus statement calls for urgent action to address chronic kidney disease on the global public health agenda On April 3, 2024, Nature Reviews Nephrology published an international consensus statement titled "Chronic Kidney Disease and the Global Public Health Agenda: An International Consensus." Authored by a coalition of leading experts, stakeholders, and nephrology societies, the publication highlights critical policy, advocacy, and implementation needs to alleviate the growing burden of kidney disease worldwide.
	Researchers present playbook of best practices for cancer team science in the modern era The oncology community has a powerful opportunity to speed the creation of impactful new treatments by adopting a modern playbook for collaboration, according to scientists from Break Through Cancer and other team-oriented cancer organizations working together in a commentary in the journal Cancer Discovery.
	High blood pressure linked to increased risk of malaria in mice Hypertensive mice with abnormal red blood cells are at greater risk for developing malaria, according to a new study published ahead of print in the journal Function.
	A human contracted bird flu—how worried should you be about the virus? Bird flu is always a concern for health officials, not only for its effects on food supply chains, but for its potential for causing infections in humans. However, rarely, if ever, do humans contract this virus.
	Novel ADC and immunotherapy combo shows promise in endometrial cancer subtype In a small, investigator-initiated Phase II study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute investigators, a novel combination of an antibody-drug conjugate and an immune checkpoint inhibitor showed notable activity in pre-treated patients with a difficult-to-treat form of endometrial cancer. In this study, tumors were reduced in six out of 16 patients treated with the combination, including one case in which the cancer disappeared.
	Pickleball injuries more frequent, severe than you might think, study says Findings from a new study by public health researchers at the U of A suggest that people older than 50 might want to consult a doctor before taking up pickleball, the tennis-like sport that has grown in popularity over the past few years.
	Exploring pandemic effects on mental health of parents juggling unemployment and having children in remote school Family dynamics are critical to mental well-being, and this role became more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic as families were bound to stay together longer than usual. A recent study from the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that parents who had work disruptions, unemployment or children in remote school saw an increase in depressive symptoms.
	Study reveals genetic drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease In the largest study of its kind, researchers from the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of City of Hope, have identified genes that appear to drive the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).
	More awareness and investment needed to support people with long COVID, says report More long COVID awareness and education is needed among doctors, nurses, care providers and the public in Canada to reduce stigma around the condition and legitimize the disability, according to a new report from Simon Fraser University.
	More than 25% of cancer survivors report significant levels of disability after cancer diagnosis, according to new study A survey of nearly 50,000 cancer survivors has found that more than a quarter had a physical disability that impaired their mobility and almost 10% had a disability affecting self-care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers report in a new study, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Both rates are sharply higher than those for adults who have not had cancer.
	Research sheds light on effectiveness of FDA's black box warning for asthma drug A University of Oklahoma study about a "black box warning" for the asthma drug Singulair continues to influence a national conversation about the medication and its reported neuropsychiatric side effects in children and adolescents. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration assigns black box warnings, sometimes called boxed warnings, as the highest safety-related consumer warning the organization assigns to medications, intended to bring attention to the risks of taking the medication.
	Blast exposure linked to intestinal problems A study by New York and Rocky Mountain U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs researchers showed blast exposure can cause intestinal permeability, a condition that can lead to gut bacteria entering the bloodstream and causing problems in other parts of the body. The study, published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, was the first to show a connection between blasts and intestinal permeability in a real-world operational setting.
	Whooping cough is surging in Australia: Why, and how it can protect itself Australia is facing a whooping cough outbreak. Some 2,799 cases were recorded in the first three months of 2024. Cases are highest in Queensland and New South Wales, with more than 1,000 recorded in each state.
	WHO announces giant rollout of cholera tests as cases surge The largest-ever global deployment of cholera rapid diagnostic tests got underway Friday, the World Health Organization and its partners said, boosting the fight against surging infections.
	FDA approves first prescription digital therapy for major depression The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared the first prescription digital therapeutic authorized for the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms.
	Study investigates the role of gaze in tackling new and complex tasks Putting away items on a shelf is something we do without giving it much thought—right? In fact, various skills need to be coordinated to accomplish even simple tasks: Hand-eye coordination, memory, problem solving and attention are just some of them. To ensure that everything works smoothly and quickly in the end, the interplay of these cognitive requirements must also be planned.
	AI medical coding research adds to big picture Much like the game of connect the dots, Megan McDougal's academic and professional career share points that have come together to form one big picture.
	Study shows social workers in Sweden face elevated risk of mental disorders A recent study from the Institute of Environmental Medicine published in the Journal of Affective Disorders shows worrying trends in common mental illness among social workers in Sweden.
	Opinion: Air pollution, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders An opinion paper published by University of Montana professor Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas MD, Ph.D. and co-authors, Dr. Alberto Ayala and Dr. Partha Mukherjee discussed ow US citizens are not fully aware of the harmful brain impact of exposures to ubiquitous anthropogenic combustion emissions and friction-derived nanoparticles, industrial nanoplastics, wildfires and smoke plumes of soot.

Other Sciences news

	Giving eyeglasses to workers in developing countries boosts income An international team of health workers, vision specialists and sociologists reports that giving reading glasses to people with presbyopia in developing countries can boost incomes. Presbyopia is the leading cause of vision impairment and is usually attributable to aging. In their study, published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, the group gave hundreds of pairs of reading glasses to people in Bangladeshi villages.
	More than money, family and community bonds prep teens for college success: Study Want your teen to graduate from college one day? Focus on strengthening their social networks within and beyond the family, says a new BYU study.
	Touchibo, a robot that fosters inclusion in education through touch A team of researchers from the University of Lisbon and Cornell University has presented a touch-based robot that is capable of fostering inclusion in schools, giving equal opportunities to children with and without visual impairment to participate in a group activity with the robot. Their most recent study showed improved individual and group participation perception, which contributes to creating more inclusive learning environments.
	Prehistoric henge reveals centuries-old sacred site in Lincolnshire Archaeologists from Newcastle University have unearthed evidence for an evolving sacred landscape spanning centuries in Crowland, Lincolnshire. The study is published in the Journal of Field Archaeology.
	Study: Focusing immediately on the benefits of waiting might help people improve their self-control If you had to decide whether to receive $40 in seven days or $60 in 30 days, which would you choose? Your answer could have less to do with whether you are a patient or impatient person than with how the choice is presented, according to a new paper published in Nature Communications.
	Britain began industrializing in the 17th century—more than 100 years earlier than history books claim Britain was already well on its way to an industrialized economy under the reign of the Stuarts in the 17th century—over 100 years before textbooks mark the start of the Industrial Revolution—according to the most detailed occupational history of a nation ever constructed.
	Do immigrants and immigration help the economy? When Americans mark their presidential election ballots later this year, immigration will be top of mind—it's the nation's number one issue, according to pollster Gallup. And one of the toughest talkers on the topic is former president and presumptive GOP nominee Donald Trump. He's built his political career on calls to secure the border and defend America against what he says are immigration's dangers, warning of shrinking wages and stretched benefits programs. "When you have millions of people coming in," he recently told a crowd in Michigan, "they're going to take your jobs."
	Teaching university students how to learn matters for retaining them It's acceptance letter season. High school students across the country are waiting, nervous for that "yes" or "no" from the colleges and universities where they've applied.
	How online Ramadan content has brought Muslim ideas around faith, worship and community into the mainstream For Muslims around the world, Ramadan is a time of increased personal spirituality and introspection. The hope is to draw closer to God.
	Collaboration finds accuracy 'nudges' decrease misinformation-sharing on both sides of the political aisle A collaboration between two research teams with opposing perspectives found that, despite claims to the contrary, simply reminding people about the concept of accuracy improves the quality of information-sharing on both sides of the political aisle.
	Youth grapple with interpreting the unspoken for their immigrant families UC Merced researchers are shedding light on a little-explored aspect of cross-cultural communication that involves no spoken words but sometimes can cause confusion and anguish for children acting as interpreters for older family members.
	Studies show socio-economic status dictates family dining equity Eating together as a family is commonly thought of as being healthy for family members and is a ritual many try to live up to. However, research into understanding family meals more thoroughly shows that different aspects of mealtimes—eating and feeding on the one hand and the atmosphere on the other—affect the social and economic aspects of family dining habits.
	Video game devotees are much more likely to be working-class than middle-class, says research Adults who play video games daily are much more likely to be working-class than middle-class, new research shows.
	Flourishing romances are more the result of proactive behaviors than soulmate spark, study finds Sixty percent of Americans believe in the idea that true love is found in a one-and-only soulmate relationship, confirming that the quest to find one's soulmate continues to play a significant role in our modern dating culture. However, a new report finds that enduring connection in romantic relationships results more from the personal virtues and intentional efforts of the partners, than it does from spontaneous love and emotional spark.
	Should the SEC ditch quarterly reporting? In the minds of some, the manifold ills of corporate capitalism have a single source: short-termism. Because investors increasingly ignore long-term value in favor of quarterly returns, corporate managers are thought to have no choice but to adopt a similarly myopic mentality in their decision-making.
	People who work from home are less likely to get pay rises and promotions, finds research People who work from home all or part of the time are less likely to get pay rises and promotions, the first post-COVID research project into the WFH phenomenon has found.
	Addressing the needs of Australians with intellectual disability People with intellectual disability experience some of the greatest health disparities in Australia due to mainstream health services being ill-equipped to meet their needs. The poor health profile and health disparities experienced by this vulnerable population mean that they have a life expectancy of 27 years less than people without intellectual disability.
	Research introduces digital games along with multimedia debriefing to address cyberbullying The global COVID-19 pandemic caused much suffering and tragedy and continues to do so. One aspect of our everyday lives that was massively disrupted was education. Conventional classroom teaching methods had to be digitized urgently during lockdowns when schools were forced to close to reduce the risk of spreading the potentially lethal coronavirus.
	Radio made the famous Finnish composer Jean Sibelius an international media figure, researchers say New research highlights how in the 1930s, the relationship between radio and Finland's most famous composer Jean Sibelius had an important effect on the development of broadcast operations as well as on the status of Sibelius and Western classical art music.

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