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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 9, 2024:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Physics news
 | Research team exerts electrical control over polaritons, hybridized light-matter particles, at room temperatureA research team has pioneered an innovative technique in ultra-high-resolution spectroscopy. Their breakthrough marks the world's first instance of electrically controlling polaritons—hybridized light-matter particles—at room temperature. The research has been published in Physical Review Letters. |
 | Quantum entanglement in quasiparticles: A stealth mode against disorderPhysicists at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) have made a discovery that could boost the understanding of the role of entanglement in high-temperature copper oxide superconductors. The low-energy quasiparticles of these enigmatic quantum materials, so-called Zhang-Rice singlets, were found to be remarkably resilient against extreme disorder. |
 | Computing how quantum states overlapQuantum many-body systems are things such as atomic nuclei that consist of many tiny particles moving in complex ways. This makes it extremely difficult to predict how the systems behave as the particles interact. To study these systems, researchers use computational tools called quantum Monte Carlo simulations. |
 | Researchers develop mechanism of electrical 180° switching of Néel vector in spin-splitting antiferromagnetA research team led by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and Tsinghua University has theoretically proposed a new mechanism of electrical 180° switching of Néel vector and experimentally realized it in antiferromagnetic materials with spin-splitting band structure featuring the C-paired spin-valley locking, also referred to as an altermagnet. The team also demonstrated the material's capability to manipulate Néel vector, paving the way for the manufacturing of ultrafast memory devices. |
 | New method achieves 4D imaging of fluids in poresA method based on CT (computed tomography)—a type of imaging that is widely used in hospitals—can help improve our understanding of CO2 storage, batteries, and processes in the body such as nutrient uptake. |
 | New technique lets scientists create resistance-free electron channelsAn international research team led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has taken the first atomic-resolution images and demonstrated electrical control of a chiral interface state—an exotic quantum phenomenon that could help researchers advance quantum computing and energy-efficient electronics. |
 | Peter Higgs, who proposed the existence of the 'God particle,' has died at 94Nobel prize-winning physicist Peter Higgs, who proposed the existence of the so-called "God particle" that helped explain how matter formed after the Big Bang, has died at age 94, the University of Edinburgh said Tuesday. |
 | Measuring improvement in the design of pulses for quantum systemsSeeking a method for reducing error in noisy quantum systems, Kajsa Williams and Louis-S. Bouchard, researchers at the Center for Quantum Science and Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles, implemented and evaluated single-qubit gates performance using specially designed composite and adiabatic pulses. While they found no particular advantages in terms of leakage and seepage of the gates compared to standard gates, robustness to control field error was greatly improved. |
 | Peter Higgs: physicist who predicted 'God particle'Nobel laureate Peter Higgs gave his name to one of the great scientific discoveries of the last century, earning a place alongside Albert Einstein and Max Planck in physics textbooks. |
 | Electro-optic 3D snapshot of a laser wakefield accelerated kilo-ampere electron bunchInvented by T. Tajima and J. Dawson, laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) harnesses the power of high-intensity laser pulses to drive plasma waves with acceleration gradients orders of magnitude higher than conventional RF-based accelerators. |
Earth news
 | A natural touch for coastal defense: Hybrid solutions may offer more benefits in lower-risk areasCommon "hard" coastal defenses, like concrete sea walls, might struggle to keep up with increasing climate risks. A new study published in Nature Communications shows that combining them with nature-based solutions could, in some contexts, create defenses that are better able to adapt. |
 | Broken record: March is 10th straight month to be hottest on record, scientists sayFor the 10th consecutive month, Earth in March set a new monthly record for global heat—with both air temperatures and the world's oceans hitting an all-time high for the month, the European Union climate agency Copernicus said. |
 | Study finds 17 mountains at high risk of losing biodiversity under climate changeSpecies living in 17 mountains around the world are facing the risk of extinction due to the rapid rate of warming attributed to climate change. However, the establishment of additional meteorological monitoring stations in mountainous areas globally is essential for a deeper understanding of the extent of these threats, according to a study published in Nature. |
 | Peregrine falcons expose lasting harms of flame retardant usePeregrine falcon populations across North America are heavily contaminated with harmful flame retardants–including those that have been phased out for years—according to a new study published in Environmental Science & Technology. |
 | Heat from El Niño can warm oceans off West Antarctica—and melt floating ice shelves from belowAs snow falls on Antarctica, layers build up and turn to ice. Over time, this compressed snow has become a continent-sized glacier, or ice sheet. It's enormous—almost double the size of Australia and far larger than the continental United States. |
 | Scientists help link climate change to Madagascar's megadroughtA University of California, Irvine-led team reveals a clear link between human-driven climate change and the years-long drought currently gripping southern Madagascar. Their study appears in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. |
 | Hurricane risk perception drops after storms hit, study showsPrograms and policies that help households go beyond stocking up on food and medical supplies to invest in longer-term protections could overcome the risk perception gap and support adaptation to rising climate-related threats. |
 | Humans have converted at least 250,000 acres of estuaries to cities and farms in last 35 years, study findsWorldwide over the past 35 years, dams and land reclamation activities have converted 250,000 acres of estuary—an area roughly 17 times the size of Manhattan—to urban land or agricultural fields, with most land conversion and estuary loss in rapidly developing countries, a new study finds. The findings could help developing countries avoid problems faced by countries that have already lost or degraded their estuaries. |
 | Climate pledges of big firms 'critically insufficient': ReportFrom carmakers to fast fashion, dozens of major international companies are failing to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions at the pace required to slow climate change, a report said Tuesday. |
 | Urban planning should consider building height, shape and arrangement to protect pedestrians during rain and windA city's skyline—the distinctive shapes and arrangements of its buildings—impacts the safety of its population during floods. When the streets flood, pedestrians can be swept under the current and injured or killed. With climate change and rising urbanization, the likelihood and severity of urban flooding are increasing. |
 | Antarctica's sea ice hit another low this year—understanding how ocean warming is driving the loss is keyAt the end of the southern summer, Antarctica's sea ice hit its annual minimum. By at least one measure, which tracks the area of ocean that contains at least 15% of sea ice, it was a little above the record low of 2023. |
 | Flash droughts are becoming more common in Australia. What's causing them?Flash droughts strike suddenly and intensify rapidly. Often the affected areas are in drought after just weeks or a couple of months of well-below-average rainfall. They happen worldwide and are becoming more common, including in Australia, due to global warming. |
 | Protecting our planet: Five strategies for reducing plastic wastePlastics are ubiquitous in our world, and given that plastic waste can take thousands of years to break down, there's more of it to be found on Earth every single day. Worse yet is the fact that the stuff doesn't easily decompose—it mostly just disintegrates into smaller and smaller pieces. |
 | Unveiling the hidden threat: Drought-induced inelastic subsidence in expansive soilsA journal article published by University of Houston Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences researchers highlights a significant, yet often overlooked, environmental concern—permanent losses in land surface elevation due to inelastic compaction of expansive soils during prolonged droughts. The findings appear in Geophysical Research Letters. |
 | Microplastic concentrations in Antarctic seawater higher than previously estimatedMicroplastic particles can be found in the most remote ocean regions on Earth. In Antarctica, pollution levels are even higher than previously assumed. This is one finding of a recent study involving researchers from the University of Basel. |
 | Four decades of glacial data reveals substantial losses and water worriesAn analysis of glacial data spanning four decades has provided valuable insights into the changes taking place in the glaciers of the Pir Panjal range within the Kashmir basin in India. The research, published in the International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology, analyzed data for the period 1980 to 2020. |
 | Mapping the world's salted soils: A leap forward in combating land degradationA team of researchers has developed an approach that maps the soil salt content around the world with an exceptional detail of 10 meters. This advance tackles the pressing need for accurate assessments of soil salinity, a formidable challenge that jeopardizes agricultural productivity and soil vitality on a global scale. |
 | Understanding the northward movement of the subtropical westerly jet in changing climatesThe subtropical westerly jet is a high-altitude, fast-moving air current that flows from west to east in the subtropical region of the Earth's atmosphere. It's an important part of atmospheric circulation, influencing weather patterns and climate conditions globally. Scientists have noticed that this jet has been shifting northward under global warming. |
 | Greek valley that became a lake stirs drought debateGracefully rising above a din of croaking frogs as the sun sets, a pelican flies over Lake Karla, one the largest inland expanses of water in Greece. |
 | Top Europe court chides Switzerland in landmark climate rulingEurope's top rights court on Tuesday said Switzerland was not doing enough to tackle climate change in a historic decision that could force governments to adopt more ambitious climate policies. |
 | Courtrooms: a growing arena in the climate fightThe battle against climate change is increasingly being fought in the courtroom, as national governments, specific laws and individual companies are targeted over their role in the crisis—sometimes successfully. |
Astronomy and Space news
 | New young and warm Jupiter-like exoplanet detectedAn international team of astronomers reports the detection of a new young and warm exoplanet orbiting a distant star. The newfound alien world, designated TOI-4862 b (or NGTS-30 b), is similar in size and mass to Jupiter. The finding was published April 3 on the pre-print server arXiv. |
 | 'Swallowed,' torn up or live on: How Earth will fare when the sun diesOur solar system and everything within it—including the Earth—will look very different when the sun dies. |
 | Total solar eclipse wows North America. Clouds part just in time for mostAfter beholding the midday darkness of a total solar eclipse that raced across the continent, thousands of spectators in New England were stuck seeing only brake lights Monday night as highway traffic backed up for hours. |
 | Can't get enough of the total solar eclipse or got clouded out? Here are the next ones to watch forWhether you saw the moon completely block the sun, were foiled by cloudy weather or weren't along the path of Monday's total solar eclipse, there are still more chances to catch a glimpse. |
 | 'I cried a little': from Texas to Canada, the awe and beauty of solar eclipseThe day died and was reborn a few minutes later Monday in the southern United States. There were hugs, tears and gasping as people watched the moon fully eclipse the sun and briefly plunge the world into darkness. |
 | If we want to visit more asteroids, we need to let the spacecraft think for themselvesMissions to asteroids have been on a tear recently. Visits by Rosetta, Osirix-REX, and Hayabusa2 have all visited small bodies and, in some cases, successfully returned samples to the Earth. But as humanity starts reaching out to asteroids, it will run into a significant technical problem—bandwidth. |
 | Measuring the atmospheres of other worlds to see if there are enough nutrients for lifeLife on Earth depends on six critical elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. These elements are referred to as CHNOPS, and along with several trace micronutrients and liquid water, they're what life needs. |
 | Eclipses aren't just visual spectacles, they are at the heart of scientific efforts to understand distant planetsThe total solar eclipse across North America on April 8, 2024, is a stunning and memorable event for everyone in its path. However, eclipses are not just valued for their visual impact, they are at the heart of cutting-edge science. |
 | What could we build with lunar regolith?It has often been likened to talcum powder. The ultra fine lunar surface material known as the regolith is crushed volcanic rock. For visitors to the surface of the moon it can be a health hazard, causing wear and tear on astronauts and their equipment, but it has potential. The fine material may be suitable for building roads, landing pads and shelters. Researchers are now working to analyze its suitability for a number of different applications. |
 | Video: Total solar eclipse seen from spaceA total solar eclipse swept across North America yesterday, blocking out the sun momentarily with parts of the continent plunged into darkness. Geostationary satellites orbiting 36,000 km away captured images of the rare celestial event. |
 | Delta eclipse flight: Here's what it was likeAt 35,000 feet over the U.S. the air was thick with anticipation and excited chatter as everyone pulled out their phones hoping to get a photo. |
 | Russia aborts planned test launch of new heavy-lift space rocketRussian space officials on Tuesday aborted the test launch of a new heavy-lift rocket from its far-eastern launch pad. |
Technology news
 | A miniaturized vision-based tactile sensor based on fiber optic bundlesResearchers at Meta AI, Stanford University, Technische, Universität Dresden and the German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ) recently developed DIGIT Pinki, a miniature-sized sensor that can detect tactile information. This sensor, presented in a paper posted to the preprint server arXiv, could be integrated in new medical technologies and robotic systems. |
 | Better battery manufacturing: Robotic lab vets new reaction design strategyNew chemistries for batteries, semiconductors and more could be easier to manufacture, thanks to a new approach to making chemically complex materials that researchers at the University of Michigan and Samsung's Advanced Materials Lab have demonstrated. |
 | Apple claims its new AI outperforms GPT-4 on some tasks by including on-screen content and background contextA team of AI researchers at Apple claims that their AI system, Reference Resolution As Language Modeling (ReALM), can outperform GPT-4 on some kinds of queries. They have published a paper on the arXiv preprint server describing their new system and its new information-gathering abilities. |
 | New study reveals enhanced thermal stability in all-solid-state batteriesA study led by Professor Sung-Kyun Jung and his research team in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST has unveiled a more stable approach to utilizing all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), setting a new standard for the development of safe battery systems. |
 | Could new technique for 'curving' light be the secret to improved wireless communication?While cellular networks and Wi-Fi systems are more advanced than ever, they are also quickly reaching their bandwidth limits. Scientists know that in the near future they'll need to transition to much higher communication frequencies than what current systems rely on, but before that can happen there are a number of—quite literal—obstacles standing in the way. |
 | BESSY II: How pulsed charging enhances the service time of batteriesAn improved charging protocol might help lithium-ion batteries to last much longer. Charging with a high-frequency pulsed current reduces aging effects, an international team demonstrated. The study was led by Philipp Adelhelm (HZB and Humboldt University) in collaboration with teams from the Technical University of Berlin and Aalborg University in Denmark. Experiments at the X-ray source BESSY II were particularly revealing. |
 | System uses artificial intelligence to detect wild animals on roads and avoid accidentsJust as drivers in Brazil can be warned of traffic congestion ahead or a vehicle parked on the hard shoulder, notifications may soon pop up on their smartphone or on their car's computer screen to warn them in real time that an anteater, wolf or tapir is crossing the highway. No human will necessarily need to see the animal in question or press a control button to send the warning. |
 | New code mines microscopy images in scientific articlesDeep learning is a form of artificial intelligence transforming society by teaching computers to process information using artificial neural networks that mimic the human brain. It is now used in facial recognition, self-driving cars and even in the playing of complex games like Go. In general, the success of deep learning has depended on using large datasets of labeled images for training purposes. |
 | This device gathers, stores electricity in remote settingsToday wirelessly connected devices are performing an expanding array of applications, such as monitoring the condition of engines and machinery and remote sensing in agricultural settings. Systems known as the "Internet of Things" (IoT), hold much potential for improving the efficiency and safety of the equipment. |
 | Cash-strapped Argentines queue for eyeball scansArgentines eyeing a financial boost are lining up by the thousands to have their irises scanned in exchange for a few crypto tokens as part of an online biometrics project under scrutiny in several countries. |
 | Tesla settles wrongful death lawsuit from fatal crashTesla has settled with the family of an engineer killed when his Model X crashed in Silicon Valley six years ago, avoiding a trial, according to court filings Monday. |
 | AI will not revolutionize business management but it could make it worseIt is no exaggeration to say that the democratization of new forms of artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT (OpenAI), Gemini/Bard (Google) and Copilot (Microsoft), is a societal revolution of the digital age. |
 | Helping robots make a better first impressionAn interdisciplinary research team from the University of Waterloo's Social and Intelligent Robotics Research Lab (SIRRL) has found that people prefer interacting with robots they perceive to have social identities like their own. |
 | Analysis shows snapshot of the clean supply chain of the futureVast amounts of worldwide emissions can be traced back to the supply chains that provide us with the goods we need. Some studies estimate that they generate up to two-thirds of global carbon emissions. |
 | Researcher proposes unique solution for smart textile productionSmart textiles have the potential to revolutionize health care. In his doctoral thesis in textile technology, Emanuel Gunnarsson presents unique solutions to the bottleneck that has long inhibited the market. |
 | Making robots more flexible and reducing their energy consumption by up to 25%Smaller batch sizes instead of mass production, more complex production lines, increasing competitive pressure, unstable supply chains: Against this background, the Franco-German research project GreenBotAI addresses robotics. |
 | GM says Cruise robotaxis back on the road with human driversGM subsidiary Cruise on Tuesday said it plans to get its self-driving cars back on the road without human drivers after suspending robotaxi service late last year due to safety concerns. |
 | When Waddington meets Helmholtz: EPR-Net for constructing the potential landscapes of complex non-equilibrium systemsThe concept of Waddington landscape, originally proposed by British developmental biologist Conrad Hal Waddington in 1957, has been influential in describing the dynamical evolution of cellular development. |
 | Research finds Americans supportive but misinformed about fusion energy's promiseResearch led by Hank Jenkins-Smith, Ph.D., director of the Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis at the University of Oklahoma, explores American adults' perceptions of fusion energy. This first-of-its-kind study reveals broad public support from respondents, but their limited knowledge of the technology and frequent misconceptions could pose a challenge to those seeking to develop fusion energy in the U.S. |
 | Can large language models replace human participants in some future market research?Do market researchers still need to conduct original research using human participants in their work? Not always, according to a new study. The study found that thanks to the increasing sophistication of large language models (LLMs), human participants can be substituted with LLMs and still generate similar outputs as those generated from human surveys. |
 | How vulnerable are European countries to changes in gas prices?On 24 February 2022, the Russian army entered Ukraine, escalating a conflict that had begun almost a decade earlier. On the same day, the European Council held an urgent meeting to respond to the aggression and to study emergency measures in the face of the foreseeable energy crisis that the conflict would cause. |
 | Team explores the subterranean storage of hydrogenImagine a vast volume of porous sandstone reservoir, once full of oil and natural gas, now full of a different carbon-free fuel—hydrogen. Scientists at Sandia National Laboratories are using computer simulations and laboratory experiments to determine whether depleted oil and natural gas reservoirs can be used for storing this carbon-free fuel. |
 | South Korea to invest $7 billion in AI by 2027South Korea will invest almost $7 billion in artificial intelligence by 2027 in an effort to become a global leader in cutting-edge semiconductors, President Yoon Suk Yeol said Tuesday. |
 | Microsoft announces $2.9 billion investment in JapanMicrosoft on Tuesday announced a $2.9 billion investment over the next two years in Japan to bolster the country's push into artificial intelligence. |
 | French state joins cash lifeline for Olympics tech firm AtosThe French government said on Tuesday it would provide a 50-million-euro ($54-million) loan to Atos, its Paris Olympics data and cybersecurity partner that is struggling under a mountain of debt. |
 | Content creation holds appeal for laid-off workers seeking flexibilityWith a compact mirror in one hand and an eyelash curler in the other, Grace Xu told her roughly 300,000 TikTok followers she was likely about to be laid off. |
 | What's behind the spate of recent incidents on Boeing planes?Boeing has been in the headlines a lot lately following a series of incidents after the January Alaska Airlines near-miss in which a door panel came off mid-flight. |
 | EU probes Chinese wind turbine suppliers over subsidiesThe European Union on Tuesday announced a probe into Chinese wind turbine suppliers, the latest move by Brussels targeting Beijing over green tech subsidies suspected of undermining fair competition. |
 | Malaysia orders Meta, TikTok to forge plans on harmful contentMalaysia has ordered tech giants Meta and TikTok to present plans to combat harmful content online, authorities said Tuesday, after the Muslim-majority country reported an uptick in offensive material on social media platforms. |
Chemistry news
 | Drug delivery innovation: Multifunctional system based on switchable peptide-stabilized emulsionsA new study led by Prof. Meital Reches of the Hebrew University with Mr. Daniel Boas, a Ph.D. student in her group and team of collaborators, has pioneered a new drug delivery system centered on switchable peptide-stabilized emulsions. |
 | Researchers find natural manganite ores have significant effect on environmental behavior of arsenicThe ecological risk of pollutants is closely related to their environmental behavior. A research team led by Prof. Fan Qiaohui from the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted an in-depth study on the transformation process of As(III) on the surface of birnessite. |
Biology news
 | Study finds schools of fish can make less noise than a solitary swimmerNew findings by Johns Hopkins University engineers working with a high-tech simulation of schooling mackerel, offer insight into why fish swim in schools and promise for the design and operation of much quieter submarines and autonomous undersea vehicles. |
 | Surprising role of female sex pheromone in crop pest points to new biocontrol possibilitiesINRAE researchers have discovered that female pheromones play a remarkable role in the African cotton moth. In general, these pheromones trigger mate attraction, promoting encounters between males and females during reproductive periods. Astonishingly, the African cotton moth possesses a pheromonal compound whose modulatory effects exceed those of light itself, a discovery that can inform future biocontrol strategies. These results are published in Current Biology. |
 | Impact of climate change on marine life shown to be much bigger than previously knownFish and invertebrate animals are far more affected by warmer and more acidic seawater than was previously known. This is the conclusion of a study co-led by NIOZ marine biologist Katharina Alter, based on a new analysis method published in Nature Communications. |
 | Machine learning method reveals chromosome locations in individual cell nucleusResearchers from Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science have made a significant advancement toward understanding how the human genome is organized inside a single cell. This knowledge is crucial for analyzing how DNA structure influences gene expression and disease processes. |
 | How whales struggle to navigate in a sea of noise pollutionIn 1490, Leonardo da Vinci wrote, "If you cause your ship to stop and place the head of a long tube in the water and place the outer extremity to your ear, you will hear ships at a great distance from you." |
 | Archaeological study suggests cultural diversity increases biodiversity of ecosystemsCultural diversity is likely to have an overall positive effect on the biodiversity of ecosystems. The homogenization of human life forms may therefore be regarded as an important motor of the ongoing major extinction events in the "Age of Humans" (Anthropocene). |
 | Mysterious bones may have belonged to gigantic ichthyosaursSeveral similar large, fossilized bone fragments have been discovered in various regions across Western and Central Europe since the 19th century. The animal group to which they belonged is still the subject of much debate to this day. A study carried out at the University of Bonn could now settle this dispute once and for all: The microstructure of the fossils indicates that they come from the lower jaw of a gigantic ichthyosaur. These animals could reach 25 to 30 meters in length, a similar size to the modern blue whale. |
 | We can't eradicate deadly cane toads—but there's a way to stop them killing wildlifeAustralia can claim more than its fair share of environmental blunders, but the introduction of cane toads in 1935 surely ranks as one of the worst. |
 | Pet flea and tick treatments contain pesticides that end up washing into the environmentResponsible owners of the UK's 22 million cats and dogs may well have followed advice from many vets to treat pets with a monthly preventative "spot on" flea and tick treatment. However, these treatments are polluting our rivers and could pose a health risk to pet-loving families, according to new research. |
 | Snowmelt timing impacts grassland plant communities, new study findsResearchers at the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have shed light on how the timing of snowmelt affects the plant communities in grasslands, which are vital ecosystems around the world. |
 | Study explores changing design of birdfeeders as influenced by unwanted guestsThe first birdfeeders were made in the 19th century, and their design rapidly evolved during the 20th century. Researchers at the University of Helsinki and Aalto University consider the evolution of the birdfeeder to be an example of multispecies design, where unwanted guests have shaped the human-made artifact. Their study is published in Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. |
 | Climate change has positive and negative effects on invasive mountain pine beetlesClimate change is hampering mountain pine beetle reproduction but also appears to slightly benefit the invasive insect in other ways, new University of Alberta research shows. |
 | Climate change and forest management may threaten blueberry microbesThe diversity of symbiotic microbes in blueberries differs between southern and northern Finland, according to a new study published in Environmental Microbiome. |
 | Rising sea surface temperatures have led to profound changes in macroalgae communities over the last 40 years: StudyA study conducted off the coast of Biscay shows that cold-affinity algae species are gradually being replaced by warm-affinity ones. |
 | Study finds microbes hitchhike on microplastics to reach the seaThe oceans contain large amounts of microplastics, particles that are less than 5 mm in size. In parts of the Baltic Sea, the concentration of microplastics can be as much as 3,300 particles per cubic meter. The microplastics end up in aquatic environments through industrial or domestic sewage and littering. Because they are difficult to degrade, they can be persistent in the ecosystem and affect many aquatic organisms. |
 | Breeding more resilient soybeans may come down to test site selectionIn the quest to optimize crop productivity across environments, soybean breeders test new cultivars in multiple locations each year. The best-performing cultivars across these locations are selected for further breeding and eventual commercialization. However, a new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign suggests current soybean testing locations may not be delivering breeders the biggest bang for their buck. |
 | Ancient sea turtle housed at Boston aquarium for more than 50 years passes another physicalApparently, it's pretty easy being green after all. That was the takeaway from Tuesday's physical examination of Myrtle, an ancient green sea turtle that has delighted visitors to the New England Aquarium in Boston for more than 50 years. |
 | Research team releases new fertilizer prediction toolA new fertilizer recommendation tool, developed nationally in collaboration with the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, could save farmers millions of dollars annually while reducing excess nutrient losses to the environment. |
 | Wildlife officials confirm a second Colorado livestock wolf kill, this time in Jackson CountyA wolf killed a calf over the weekend in Jackson County, the second time in less than a week that the death of livestock in Colorado has been attributed to a wolf, wildlife officials confirmed. |
 | As fish deaths increase at pumps, critics urge California agencies to improve protectionsPowerful pumps that supply much of California's population with water have killed several thousand threatened and endangered fish this year, prompting a coalition of environmental groups to demand that state and federal agencies take immediate steps to limit "alarming levels" of deaths. |
 | LSD1 promotes FSH responsive follicle formation by regulating autophagy and repressing Wt1 in granulosa cells: StudyA study published in Science Bulletin has been led by Prof. Chao Wang (China Agricultural University), Prof. Guoliang Xia (China Agricultural University) and Prof. Fengchao Wang (National Institute of Biological Sciences). |
Medicine and Health news
 | Write it down, then throw it away: Research confirms a simple method for reducing angerA research group in Japan has discovered that writing down one's reaction to a negative incident on a piece of paper and then shredding it or throwing it away reduces feelings of anger. |
 | Global research team finds no clear link between maternal diabetes during pregnancy and ADHD in childrenAn international research team led by Professor Ian Wong Chi-kei, Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy at LKS Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) has just provided valuable evidence through a 20-year longitudinal study to address the longstanding debate concerning the potential impact of maternal diabetes on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. |
 | New insights into cholesterol dynamics shed light on neurodegenerative diseaseUsually, the word "cholesterol" prompts a negative reaction because of its role in cardiovascular disease. While this is true, cholesterol is also vital for cells to function correctly—for example, cholesterol is a component of cell boundaries, the building block for vitamin D and hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. |
 | Oleic acid: A potential therapy for people with a rare genetic conditionA mutation in a protein regulating natural killer (NK) cells' function is at the root of immune deficiency in some people with a rare genetic condition characterized by cognitive and developmental delay, seizures, and other manifestations, new UCLA-led research suggests. |
 | New state of mind: Rethinking how researchers understand brain activityUnderstanding the link between brain activity and behavior is among the core interests of neuroscience. Having a better grasp of this relationship will both help scientists understand how the brain works on a basic level and uncover what specifically goes awry in cases of neurological and psychological disease. |
 | Neuroblastoma study identifies new subgroups with distinct prognoses and potential vulnerabilities to therapiesResearchers have identified new variations in neuroblastoma that could lead to a more accurate prognosis and better-targeted treatments for this devastating childhood cancer. |
 | Brain vesicles found to contain selectively packaged, full-length mRNAScientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys have demonstrated that vesicles traveling between cells in the brain carry more complete instructions for altering cellular function than previously thought. |
 | Targeting RAS proteins may prevent relapse in acute myeloid leukemiaRelapses in a common form of leukemia may be preventable following new research that has identified how the cancer develops resistance to first line treatments. |
 | Researchers compile detailed catalog of bacteria living in cancer metastasesResearchers at the Netherlands Cancer Institute have compiled a detailed catalog of bacteria living in cancer metastases. Having analyzed over 4,000 tumors, they shed light on the diversity of these co-inhabitants and how they might interact with cancer cells and their surroundings. For example, certain bacteria were linked to a worse response to immunotherapy. |
 | Study uncovers multiple lineages of stem cells contributing to neuron productionThe development of the cerebral cortex largely depends on the stem cells responsible for generating neurons, known as radial glial cells. Until now, it was believed that these stem cells generated neurons following a simple process, that is, a single cell lineage. |
 | Adding vaccine to immunotherapy for liver cancer shows promise in early trialA custom-made anti-tumor vaccine added to standard immunotherapy was twice as likely to shrink liver cancer as when a patient received immunotherapy alone, a new study shows. |
 | No link between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and cognitive risks, says large sibling studyIn the largest study to date on the subject, researchers found no evidence to support a causal link between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and increased risk of autism, ADHD and intellectual disability in children. |
 | New atlas of mRNA variants captures inner workings of the brainInvestigators at Weill Cornell Medicine have assembled the most comprehensive atlas to date of messenger RNA (mRNA) variants in the mouse and human brain. The atlas is an important new resource in understanding brain development, neuron specialization and other brain functions. |
 | Researchers develop statistical method for genetic mapping of autoimmune diseasesGenetic studies of diseases map segments of the genome driving disease. But to understand how those changes contribute to disease progression, it is important to understand how they may alter gene regulation of disease genes in cell populations assumed to be driving disease. |
 | Study reveals mechanism linking heart disease to cancer developmentResearchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU) and the Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center at the Sheba Medical Center have found a mechanism responsible for increasing the risk of developing cancer among patients with heart disease: Small extracellular bubbles, or vesicles (sEVs), secreted from the sick heart to heal itself, are released into the bloodstream and promote the growth of cancer cells throughout the body. |
 | Mouse study uncovers how altered gene expression can induce autismAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses neurodevelopmental conditions where patients display repetitive behavior and impaired sociality. Genetic factors have been shown to influence the development of ASD. Additionally, recent studies have shown that the genes involved in chromatin modification and gene transcription are involved in the pathogenesis of ASD. |
 | Morphine tolerance found to result from Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity in spinal neuronsMorphine and other opioids are vital to treat severe and chronic pain. However, they have two problems—prolonged use creates morphine tolerance, where ever-increasing doses are needed for the same pain relief, and paradoxically, prolonged use also can create an extreme sensitivity to pain, called hyperalgesia. |
 | Hepatitis viruses kill 3,500 people a day: WHOMore than 3,500 people die from hepatitis viruses every day and the global toll is rising, the World Health Organization warned on Tuesday, calling for swift action to fight the second-largest infectious killer. |
 | New consensus statement aims to improve endometriosis evaluationA new Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) expert consensus statement to improve endometriosis evaluation was published in the journal Radiology. |
 | Nurses cite employer failures as their top reason for leavingA new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research (CHOPR)—published in JAMA Network Open—showed that, aside from retirements, poor working conditions are the leading reasons nurses leave health care employment. These study findings come at a time when hospital executives cite staffing problems as their most pressing concern. |
 | Research ties gut microbial TMAO pathway to chronic kidney diseaseNew findings from Cleveland Clinic and Tufts University researchers show high blood levels of TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) predict future risk of developing chronic kidney disease over time. |
 | Swapping red meat for herring/sardines could save up to 750,000 lives/year in 2050Swapping red meat for "forage fish," such as herring, sardines, and anchovies, could save up to 750,000 lives a year in 2050 and significantly reduce the prevalence of disability as a result of diet-related disease, suggests a data analysis published in the journal BMJ Global Health. |
 | Job insecurity in early adulthood linked to heightened risk of serious alcohol-related illness in later lifeExperiencing the sort of job insecurity in early adulthood that is often linked to the gig economy, is linked to a heightened risk of a serious alcohol-related illness in later life, suggest the findings of a long term study published online in Occupational & Environmental Medicine. |
 | Exploring ethical and legal ramifications of growing brain organoids from human fetal brain tissueBrain organoids, though often referred to as "mini brains," are not truly human brains. But the concerns over these lab-grown brain tissues, especially when they are developed from human fetal tissues, can be very human indeed. |
 | Patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation and multiple comorbidities do not benefit from anticoagulation: StudyIn patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation and a high comorbidity burden, oral anticoagulation increases bleeding without a clear reduction in stroke. This is the main finding of a sub-analysis of the NOAH–AFNET 6 trial presented by Dr. Julius Nikorowitsch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany, in a late-breaking science session at the annual congress of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) in Berlin, Germany, today (April 9) and simultaneously published in the European Heart Journal. |
 | Could CAR-T cell therapy improve kidney transplants?Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy (CAR-T cell therapy) could provide a revolutionary approach to organ transplantation for patients who are hard to match and susceptible to rejection, Mayo Clinic researchers discovered. |
 | Study identifies novel mechanism of glucose sensing by adipocytes in regulating thermogenesis and energy metabolismA research team led by Prof. Li Yu from the Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in collaboration with Prof. Xu Yong from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, identified a novel mechanism for CBP/p300 and HDAC3-mediated reversible acetylation of CREB/ATF bZIP transcription factor (CREBZF) in the regulation of thermogenesis and energy homeostasis in adipose tissue. |
 | Cardiology team performs novel heart artery repair with newly approved deviceUC Davis Health cardiology team members are among the first in the country to treat patients with tricuspid regurgitation, or a leaky heart valve, by using a groundbreaking catheter. |
 | People with hypothyroidism and type D personality may be more likely to experience poor treatment outcomesNew research published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism finds a high prevalence of type D personality among people with hypothyroidism. The paper is titled "Hypothyroidism and Type D Personality: Results From E-MPATHY, A Cross-Sectional International Online Patient Survey." |
 | Salt substitution may reduce all-cause, cardiovascular mortalitySalt substitution may reduce all-cause or cardiovascular mortality, according to a review published online April 9 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. |
 | 2020 to 2022 saw increase in enrollment in medical cannabis programsFrom 2020 to 2022, there was an increase in enrollment in medical cannabis programs but a decrease in jurisdictions with nonmedical adult-use laws, according to a study published online April 9 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. |
 | More patients are losing their doctors—and trust in the primary care systemFirst, her favorite doctor in Providence, Rhode Island, retired. Then her other doctor at a health center a few miles away left the practice. Now, Piedad Fred has developed a new chronic condition: distrust in the American medical system. |
 | Know your spring allergens and the meds that can helpSpring is in the air, and along with it loads of tree, grass and weed pollen. |
 | Researchers say progressive resistance training not superior for hip osteoarthritisProgressive resistance training (PRT) is not superior to neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX) for improving functional performance in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA), according to a study published online April 9 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. |
 | Study suggests Wegovy helps those with both diabetes, heart failureFor people struggling with both diabetes and a common type of heart failure, the weight-loss drug Wegovy may do more for their health than help them shed pounds, new research suggests. |
 | How childhood stress influences gene activity and increases the risk of mental illnessMany psychiatric illnesses are related to stress. Negative experiences in childhood can often affect how we deal with stress later in life. But what biological processes are involved? A study recently published in the journal Biological Psychiatry, conducted by researchers at the Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH) in Mannheim, sheds more light on this. |
 | Promoting healthy movement behaviors in children under five in EuropeThe SUNRISE European Study Group, led by experts in physical activity and children's health, is urgently appealing to countries across Europe to take specific measures to promote healthy movement behaviors in children aged under five years. |
 | FDA approves new antibiotic for three indicationsThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the antibiotic Zevtera (ceftobiprole medocaril sodium for injection) for three different indications, including treatment of adults with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections, adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, and adult and pediatric patients (age 3 months and older) with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. |
 | Measles is a humanitarian issue, and its unwelcome reappearance in Canada is a reminder of its importanceAs a medical organization, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is no stranger to measles, which has long been a serious and ongoing concern in many places where MSF operates. |
 | Preparing for the next health crisis: COVID-19 showed the importance of community-engaged researchCommunity-engaged research involves the active and meaningful involvement of people directly affected by a research problem. Like most activities that require personal interaction, this type of research was disrupted by the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
 | Study suggests light physical activity as a child is key to reducing risk of type 2 diabetesIncreased sedentary time from childhood is associated with a significant increase in blood insulin concentration and therefore the risk of type 2 diabetes, a new study has found. |
 | Preoperative GLP-1 agonist use does not increase aspirationPreoperative glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist use does not increase the risk for aspiration or subsequent pneumonia in patients undergoing various surgical procedures, according to a study presented at the 49th Annual Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine Meeting, held from March 21 to 23 in San Diego. |
 | Caring for child with cancer increases mental health care utilization for parentsPrivately insured parents caring for a child with cancer have a higher likelihood of utilizing mental health (MH) care than other parents, according to a study published online in JAMA Network Open. |
 | Lonely children more likely to experience psychosis, new study findsA new study suggests that children who felt lonely for more than six months before the age of 12 are more likely to experience an episode of psychosis than children who did not, with women more affected than men. The study was presented at EPA 2024. |
 | Electroconvulsive therapy found to reduce severity of certain mental illnessesResearchers have found that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), where an electric current is passed through the brain, can reduce the severity of mental illnesses. The findings were presented at EPA 2024. |
 | Tackling social isolation could be more effective than healthy eating for obesityPeople with obesity are commonly urged to lose weight by eating more healthily, cutting down on calorie intake and exercising more—but that advice overlooks a crucial problem. |
 | Dietary fiber critical in managing hypertension, international study findsHigh blood pressure, or hypertension, remains a global health concern, contributing to 19% of deaths worldwide. In an international review led by Monash University scientists and published April 8 in Hypertension, biologists highlight the pivotal role of dietary fiber in managing hypertension and reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and call for the inclusion of dietary fiber in clinical guidelines for hypertension. |
 | More mental health support in schools makes sense—but some children may fall through gapsSchools and colleges have a crucial role to play in supporting children's mental health. They are places where young people's mental health difficulties are identified and help is provided, and they can promote all pupils' emotional well-being. |
 | Research shows art therapy brings benefits for mental healthCreating art for healing purposes dates back tens of thousands of years, to the practices of First Nations people around the world. Art therapy uses creative processes, primarily visual art such as painting, drawing or sculpture, with a view to improving physical health and emotional well-being. |
 | Transdifferentiation with RNA sequencing aids diagnosis of genetic disordersResearchers at Baylor College of Medicine have tested the feasibility of using human cell transdifferentiation with RNA sequencing to facilitate diagnoses of Mendelian disorders. The approach generated an overall diagnostic yield of 25.4% in a cohort of Undiagnosed Diseases Network cases. The findings are published in The American Journal of Human Genetics. |
 | Patient images are missing in studies on atopic dermatitisScientific articles on the common skin condition atopic dermatitis contain almost no images of patients, according to a study from the University of Gothenburg. More images would make it easier for patients to participate in decisions about their own care. |
 | Experts give recommendations for longer and better lives for patients with atrial fibrillationAn international panel of experts published recommendations to improve management of atrial fibrillation (AF). The position paper summarizes the results of the 9th AFNET/EHRA consensus conference—a two-day expert meeting which was jointly organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Network (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) in Münster, Germany, in September 2023. Today the consensus report was presented at the EHRA congress in Berlin by Prof. Dominik Linz, Maastricht, The Netherlands, and simultaneously published in Europace. |
 | Novel mechanism supports antitumor response and T-cell survivalA recent Northwestern Medicine study has discovered a previously unknown molecular mechanism that supports antitumor responses and cell survival in cytotoxic immune cells, according to findings published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. |
 | Dubin-Johnson Syndrome in twins linked to novel genetic mutationsResearchers in China and Italy have made a significant breakthrough in understanding Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS), a rare inherited liver disorder. The team identified specific genetic mutations responsible for DJS in a pair of dizygotic twins, offering valuable insights into the cause of the disease and potentially improving diagnosis for patients with unclear symptoms. |
 | Scientists say blood protein could help detect delayed concussion recovery in childrenResearchers have discovered a blood protein that could help detect which children will experience ongoing concussion symptoms more than two weeks after an injury. |
 | 'Be prepared,' CDC tells state leaders after bird flu found in Texas dairy workerThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials said Monday they have met with state health leaders in Georgia and around the country, telling them to be prepared for more human cases of bird flu after a dairy worker in Texas was being treated for the virus. |
 | Clinical trial finds nasal spray safely treats recurrent abnormal heart rhythmsA clinical trial led by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators showed that a nasal spray that patients administer at home, without a physician, successfully and safely treated recurrent episodes of a condition that causes rapid abnormal heart rhythms. |
 | Periostin shows promise to help fight a common form of esophageal cancerEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for around 90% of esophageal cancers, especially in East Asia. New findings indicate that periostin, or POSTN, promotes ESCC progression by enhancing cancer and stromal cell migration in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Therefore, it may be a novel therapeutic target for treating ESCC. |
 | More synchrony between parents and children not always better, says studyMore synchrony between parents and children may not always be better, new research has revealed. |
 | Study finds that efforts to help low-income Americans by buying up their medical debt aren't going as plannedWhen it comes to helping Americans manage rising health care costs, one increasingly popular policy stands out for both its simplicity and potential payoff: Buy up vast amounts of medical debt for pennies on the dollar and cancel it, thereby giving struggling families a break from one major stressor. |
 | Many factors stop U.S. women from getting mammogramsHealth care cost and access are not the only barriers women face in getting lifesaving mammograms, a new government report finds. |
 | EPA cracks down on toxins threatening those living near chemical plantsAre you one of the estimated 104,000 Americans who lives within six miles of factories that spew organic chemicals into the air? |
 | Unlocking the body's hidden weapon against cancer: The role of broken chromosomesScientists have unraveled the mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway activated by micronuclei, as well as its significant effects on tumor immunity. This study illuminates how chromosomal instability, marked by micronuclei formation, plays a critical role in controlling the capacity of the innate immune system to regulate tumor progression. |
 | Cognitive decline may be detected using network analysis, according to researchersWe all lose our car keys or our glasses from time to time. Most people would be correct to laugh it off as a normal part of aging. But for others, cognitive decline may start as a worrying but clinically unnoticeable step toward cognitive impairment, be it relatively mild or as severe as Alzheimer's disease. |
 | How cellular plasticity drives cancer metastasisAbout 90% of deaths from cancer are a result of metastasis—that is, from cancer's ability to spread from an initial primary tumor to seed new tumors throughout the body, often in the lungs, liver, and brain. |
 | CMS121 mitigates aging-related obesity and metabolic dysfunction: StudyA new research paper titled "CMS121: a novel approach to mitigate aging-related obesity and metabolic dysfunction" has been published in Aging. |
 | Researchers call for focus on higher stroke risk in womenWhile stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death for men, it's the third-leading cause of death for women in the United States. |
 | Some proteogenomic signatures linked to prostate cancer progression in patients with African and European ancestriesCertain proteogenomic signatures in the prostate cancers of men of African and European ancestries were associated with higher risk of metastasis and/or recurrence of the disease, according to a study presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024, held April 5–10. |
 | AZD1390 with radiotherapy shows manageable safety profile and preliminary efficacy for patients with glioblastomaAZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) kinase inhibitor, demonstrated a manageable safety profile in both recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients when given in combination with standard-of-care radiotherapy and showed preliminary efficacy in recurrent GBM patients, according to results from a global phase I trial presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024, held April 5–10. |
 | Artificial intelligence analysis of DNA fragmentomes and protein biomarkers noninvasively detects ovarian cancerA blood-based machine learning assay that combines cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragment patterns and levels of the proteins CA125 and HE4 could differentiate patients with ovarian cancer from healthy controls or patients with benign ovarian masses, according to a retrospective study presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024, held April 5-10. |
 | Survivorship portal brings cancer researchers one click away from discoveryScientists from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital today announced the St. Jude survivorship portal—the first data portal for sharing, analyzing and visualizing pediatric cancer survivorship data. |
 | Investigational personalized vaccine provides clinical benefit for some patients with resected head and neck cancersTG4050, a personalized neoantigen vaccine, induced tumor-specific immune responses and led to low rates of disease relapse in patients with surgically resected HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), according to results reported at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024, held April 5–10. |
 | Survival rates after hip or spine fracture worse than for many cancersA new article in JBMR Plus indicates that patient survival rates after hip or other bone fractures can be very poor. While patients and their families may dismiss a fracture as a minor injury, survival rates can be lower than those for many types of cancer. |
 | Beating back bitter taste in medicine: Scientists discover that diabetes drug is partially effective as a bitter blockerThe bitter taste of certain drugs is a barrier to taking some medications as prescribed, especially for people who are particularly sensitive to bitter taste. Published in Clinical Therapeutics, a team from the Monell Chemical Senses Center found that the diabetes drug rosiglitazone could partially block the bitter taste of some especially bad-tasting medications. Rosiglitazone could be added in small doses to other medicines, to make them less bitter and taste better. |
 | Medical debt affects much of America, but Colorado immigrants are hit especially hardIn February, Norma Brambila's teenage daughter wrote her a letter she now carries in her purse. It is a drawing of a rose, and a note encouraging Brambila to "keep fighting" her sickness and reminding her she'd someday join her family in heaven. |
 | Feds join ranks of employers with generous fertility benefitsCompanies have increasingly offered generous fertility benefits to attract and keep top-notch workers. Now, the federal government is getting in on the act. Starting this year, federal employees can choose plans that cover several fertility services, including up to $25,000 annually for in vitro fertilization procedures and up to three artificial insemination cycles each year. |
 | More fruits, veggies, grains will get to kids under new WIC ruleChanges to the federal program that helps pay for groceries for low-income moms and their young children means that soon these families will have access to more fruits, vegetables and whole grains, U.S. health officials said Tuesday. |
 | Video educates and connects men to prostate cancer screening optionsAs part of a comprehensive effort to improve cancer screenings among diverse communities, Penn Medicine's Abramson Cancer Center (ACC) Community Outreach and Engagement team developed a culturally sensitive educational video to address prostate cancer screening disparities. |
 | Materiobiology: Advances in aging bone regeneration material developmentIn the elderly, a multitude of factors contribute to diminished bone regeneration capabilities, including a reduction in the self-renewal and differentiation abilities of mesenchymal stem cells, an excessive accumulation of inflammatory signals, compromised blood vessel regeneration capacity, an imbalance between bone anabolism and catabolism, and inadequate bone innervation. |
 | Myths about PSA tests and prostate cancer screeningThe understanding of prostate cancer has significantly evolved in the past 15 years. However, many people—including primary care providers—may not be aware of the current guidelines for prostate cancer screening, says Andrew Vickers, Ph.D., of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). |
Other Sciences news
 | Early medieval money mystery solvedByzantine bullion fueled Europe's revolutionary adoption of silver coins in the mid-7th century, only to be overtaken by silver from a mine in Charlemagne's Francia a century later, new tests reveal. The findings could transform our understanding of Europe's economic and political development. |
 | Public transit agencies may need to adapt to the rise of remote work, says new studyRemote work could cut hundreds of millions of tons of carbon emissions from car travel—but at the cost of billions lost in public transit revenues, according to a new study. |
 | First languages of North America traced back to two very different language groups from SiberiaJohanna Nichols, a linguist at the University of California, Berkeley, has used her pioneering work in the field of language history to learn more about language development in North America. She has found that it can be traced back to two language groups that originated in Siberia. Her paper is published in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology. |
 | Clovis people may have also used Clovis points to butcher animalsA team of archaeologists and anthropologists from multiple institutions in the U.S. has found evidence that the Clovis, an early North American population, may have used so-called Clovis points for more than spearpoints—they may have also used them to cut up the animals they brought down. |
 | The 'Iron Pipeline': Is Interstate 95 the connection for moving guns up and down the East Coast?Interstate gun transfers are a major contributor to gun crime, injury, and death in the United States. Guns used in crimes traced to interstate purchases move routinely between states along multiple major transportation routes, a phenomenon known as the "Iron Pipeline," which refers most commonly to the Interstate 95 corridor. |
 | Unraveling the iconography of the Etruscan lamp of Cortona, ItalyA large, highly decorated bronze lamp found in a ditch near the town of Cortona, central Italy, is significantly older than previously estimated and shows the god Dionysus, a new study published in De Gruyter's Etruscan and Italic Studies argues. |
 | The hidden role of the Milky Way in ancient Egyptian mythologyAncient Egyptians were known for their religious beliefs and astronomical knowledge of the sun, moon, and planets, but up until now, it has been unclear what role the Milky Way played in Egyptian religion and culture. |
 | Can the bias in algorithms help us see our own?Algorithms were supposed to make our lives easier and fairer: help us find the best job applicants, help judges impartially assess the risks of bail and bond decisions, and ensure that health care is delivered to the patients with the greatest need. By now, though, we know that algorithms can be just as biased as the human decision-makers they inform and replace. |
 | Military veterans say extremism was preceded by negative service experiencesInterviews with military veterans who expressed support for extremist groups or related beliefs on a prior survey show that many experienced a significant negative event during their military service, according to a new RAND report titled "Veteran Narratives of Support for Extremist Groups and Beliefs: Results from Interviews with Members of a Nationally Representative Survey of the U.S. Veteran Community." |
 | Irish castles and ancient Greek rites show culture's role in regional regenerationTapping into the long and rich histories of places around Europe is a central part of an EU push for rural and urban revival. |
 | Germany decriminalized cannabis: Why the UK should consider doing the sameThe German government has approved new legislation that decriminalizes cannabis. |
 | Senior staff give more constructive feedback when they think they'll work with you again, study findsA new study finds that senior auditors are more likely to provide constructive feedback and coaching to junior staff when the staff are in the same office and/or when the senior auditors know the staff will be working with them again in the future. The findings highlight ways to encourage more substantive on-the-job training for early career staff. The paper, "Coaching Today's Auditors: What Causes Reviewers to Adopt a More Developmental Approach?," is published in the journal Accounting, Organizations and Society. |
 | COVID-19 school and daycare closures left working mothers physically and mentally exhausted, study showsHome-schooling and caring for children during the COVID-19 school and daycare closures left many working mothers physically and mentally exhausted and with little or no time to switch off, a new study shows. |
 | Growth mindset messages can close grade gap for first-generation studentsJust two emails, at the right time with the right message, can make a big difference for students who are the first in their families to go to college. |
 | Viewpoint: As a child psychiatrist, I know it's critical for kindergartens to embrace playful learningThink back to one of your fondest memories of play. Where were you, who were you with, what powers did you pretend to have? Would you like to go back there if you could, if only for a moment? |
 | Making mural art helps teens copeIn Quebec's 2016–17 health survey of high-school students, 33% in grades 9, 10 and 11 reported experiencing high levels of psychological distress. And in 2021, a significant 6.1% said they had been diagnosed with an anxiety-depressive disorder, a 3.7-point increase from 2008. |
 | Republicans who support childhood vaccine mandates often stay silent, research suggestsMost Republican voters support childhood vaccine mandates, yet may be discouraged from publicly expressing these views, a new study suggests. |
 | Research examines tweets during Hurricane MarÃa to analyze social media use during disastersSocial media can be a useful tool for communicating during extreme weather events. Omar Pérez Figueroa, an urban and regional planning professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, examined how Twitter (now X) was used when Hurricane MarÃa hit Puerto Rico in 2017. |
 | A new algorithm to predict information superspreaders in social mediaUnderstanding how information flows in social networks is critical to counteracting dangerous misinformation, promoting the spreading of news, and designing healthy online social environments. Scholars have long realized the role of information superspreaders—namely, users with the capability to spread messages and ideas to many others rapidly. |
 | Coal phase-out could be cheaper than currently implemented in GermanyGermany is providing 5 billion euros to finance "adaptation payments" to employees as coal is phased out. This will allow employees to retire without deductions at the age of 58. A study co-authored by the Berlin-based climate research institute MCC (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change) is now examining the economic justification for this subsidy by analyzing real employment profiles nationwide. The conclusion is that social compensation would be much more efficient if job changes, rather than early retirement, were encouraged. |
 | Understanding the impacts of migration on the Austrian economyHow would Austria be affected if a quarter million people entered the country right now? A new study conducted by IIASA and the Joint Research Center (JRC) projects the potential impacts of increased migration on the Austrian labor market and the economy. |
 | Virtue in Japan: Perception differences among educational specialists and general publicVirtue is a normative concept comprising a set of moral and social codes acceptable to society. Historically, in the West, especially in ancient Greek and Christian belief systems, virtue was viewed as "excellence" aspirational to all human beings. In contrast, the East, especially in a Confucian belief system, viewed it similarly but being aspirational to only select individuals, such as rulers. However, the rise of modern values and sociopolitical overhauls almost pushed the concept of virtue into oblivion. |
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