Science X Newsletter Fri, Apr 12

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 12, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Study finds that dopamine projections to the amygdala contribute to encoding identity-specific reward memories

New tidal stellar stream discovered with Gaia

How the inflamed brain becomes disconnected after a stroke

Stellar winds of three sun-like stars detected for the first time

Presence of specific lipids indicate tissue aging and can be decreased through exercise, study shows

Researchers confirm brightest gamma-ray burst of all time came from the collapse of a massive star

Two key brain systems are central to psychosis, study finds

Iconic savanna mammals face genetic problems due to fences and roads

PFAS exposure from high-seafood diets may be underestimated, finds study

NASA unveils probe bound for Jupiter's possibly life-sustaining moon

Macroalgae genetics study sheds light on how seaweed became multicellular

Genomic deletions explain why some types of melanoma resist targeted therapies

Bonobos are more aggressive than previously thought, study shows

Africa's iconic flamingos threatened by rising lake levels, study shows

Male infertility genetic study improves molecular diagnostics and personalized management of patients

Nanotechnology news

Novel hydrogel removes microplastics from water Microplastics pose a great threat to human health. These tiny plastic debris can enter our bodies through the water we drink and increase the risk of illnesses. They are also an environmental hazard; found even in remote areas like polar ice caps and deep ocean trenches, they endanger aquatic and terrestrial lifeforms.

Physics news

	Evidence of a new subatomic particle observed The BESIII collaboration have reported the observation of an anomalous line shape around ppbar mass threshold in the J/ψ→γ3(π+π-) decay, which indicates the existence of a ppbar bound state. The paper was published online in Physical Review Letters.
	Searching for new asymmetry between matter and antimatter Once a particle of matter, always a particle of matter. Or not. Thanks to a quirk of quantum physics, four known particles made up of two different quarks—such as the electrically neutral D meson composed of a charm quark and an up antiquark—can spontaneously oscillate into their antimatter partners and vice versa.
	What is 'Fallout?' Physicist breaks down the science of the sci-fi show and the horrifying reality of nuclear radiation The world ends on Oct. 23, 2077, in a series of radioactive explosions—at least in the world of "Fallout," a post-apocalyptic video game series that has now been adapted into a blockbuster TV show on Amazon's Prime Video.
	Designing a cost-effective X-ray free electron lasers facility Many advances in structural science since the 1970s were made by probing materials with synchrotron radiation: that is, high energy X-rays generated through accelerating high-energy electrons. The latest generation of such sources, X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL), are far more powerful than their predecessors but are only accessible to international consortia and a few rich countries because of their high cost.
	ProtoDUNE's argon filling underway, a significant step toward next era of neutrino research CERN's Neutrino Platform houses a prototype of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) known as ProtoDUNE, which is designed to test and validate the technologies that will be applied to the construction of the DUNE experiment in the United States.

Earth news

	Oceanographers uncover the vital role of mixing down of oxygen in sustaining deep sea health New research led by oceanographers from the School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University has shown for the first time the important role of the 'mixing down' of oxygen in maintaining healthy conditions in the deep waters around the UK and elsewhere.
	As climate change progresses, new rainfall patterns may affect plants worldwide April showers are increasingly becoming deluges due to climate change, and May flowers will never be the same. And it's not just April; the warming of the planet is causing a year-round, worldwide trend toward more intense but less frequent rainfalls, a dynamic that will increasingly impact plants worldwide, according to a University of Maryland-led study published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment.
	Despite what you might hear, weather prediction is getting better, not worse Australia's weather bureau copped harsh criticism after El Niño failed to deliver a much-vaunted dry summer in eastern Australia. Parts of northern Queensland in the path of Tropical Cyclone Jasper had a record wet December and areas of central Victoria had a record wet January. Overall, the summer was 19% wetter than average for Australia as a whole.
	Q&A: El Niño drought leaves Zimbabwe's Lake Kariba only 13% full—a disaster for people and wildlife Water levels at Lake Kariba in Zimbabwe have dropped dramatically because of the latest El Niño drought. The country's president, Emmerson Mnangagwa, has declared a national disaster.
	Can toothpaste tubes be recycled across the US? It's getting closer Toothpaste tubes and other squeezable plastic containers are getting closer to being more sustainable in the U.S. Some 90% of toothpaste tubes on the market are now made in a way that makes them compatible for recycling with HDPE, the same plastic used for products like shampoo bottles, according to research firm Stina Inc.
	Scientists at Spain meeting sound alarm over ocean warming Scientists at a United Nations conference in Spain called Friday for more research into the sharp rise in ocean temperatures which they warn could have devastating consequences.
	Retention ponds can deliver a substantial reduction in tire particle pollution, study suggests Retention ponds and wetlands constructed as part of major road schemes can reduce the quantities of tire particles entering the aquatic environment by an average of 75%, new research has shown.
	Biden plans sweeping effort to block Arctic oil drilling The U.S. set aside 23 million acres of Alaska's North Slope to serve as an emergency oil supply a century ago. Now, President Joe Biden is moving to block oil and gas development across roughly half of it.
	Fewer showers, less laundry, as water cuts hit Bogota Residents of Bogota are facing fewer showers, minimal laundry loads and dirty cars as the Colombian capital imposes water rations due to a severe drought aggravated by the El Niño climate phenomenon.
	Viewpoint: People or planet? Australia must invest in both for a sustainable future Designed to support Australia's pathway to net zero, the government recently released its Sustainable Finance Strategy for consultation.
	Environmental groups grateful but vigilant after Key Bridge collapse When Alice Volpitta watched the video of the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse, and the trucks tumbling into the Patapsco River in the darkness, she thought first for the people who had fallen.

Astronomy and Space news

	New tidal stellar stream discovered with Gaia By analyzing the data from ESA's Gaia satellite, Chinese astronomers have detected a new tidal stellar stream in the northern hemisphere, which has a low metallicity and a relatively high energy. The finding was reported in a research paper published April 1 in The Astrophysical Journal.
	Stellar winds of three sun-like stars detected for the first time An international research team led by a researcher from the University of Vienna has for the first time directly detected stellar winds from three sun-like stars by recording the X-ray emission from their astrospheres, and placed constraints on the mass loss rate of the stars via their stellar winds.
	Researchers confirm brightest gamma-ray burst of all time came from the collapse of a massive star In October 2022, an international team of researchers, including Northwestern University astrophysicists, observed the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded, GRB 221009A.
	NASA unveils probe bound for Jupiter's possibly life-sustaining moon US space scientists on Thursday unveiled the interplanetary probe NASA plans to send to one of Jupiter's icy moons as part of humanity's hunt for extra-terrestrial life.
	BepiColombo detects escaping oxygen and carbon in unexplored region of Venus's magnetosphere A fleeting visit of the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Venus has revealed surprising insights into how gases are stripped away from the upper layers of the planet's atmosphere.
	A new type of seismic sensor to detect moonquakes During the Apollo missions of the 1970s, several seismometers were flown to the moon, where they collected data on lunar seismic trembling for eight years. The data showed some lunar quakes were as powerful as a magnitude 5.
	Exoplanets true to size: New model calculations shows impact of star's brightness and magnetic activity In the constellation Virgo, 700 light years away from Earth, the planet WASP-39b orbits the star WASP-39. The gas giant, which takes little more than four days to complete one orbit, is one of the best-studied exoplanets. Shortly after its commissioning in July 2022, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope turned its high-precision gaze on the distant planet.
	SpaceX is launching more rockets from a military base: Can the Coastal Commission impose a limit? SpaceX has significantly increased the frequency of its rocket launches from a Santa Barbara County military base, and its plans to add even more have raised concerns by the California Coastal Commission over the impacts on the environment and nearby communities.
	Fast radio bursts: Research introduces a novel approach to characterize their behavior Fast radio bursts (FRBs) represent the most intense radio explosions in the universe. Since the first discovery in 2007, FRBs have garnered significant attention, culminating in the 2023 Shaw Prize in Astronomy. With yet unknown origin, these extreme cosmic bursts are among the most enigmatic phenomena in astronomy as well as physics.
	Problems with 3 Body Problem? Experts discuss physics, mathematics behind hit Netflix show The science fiction television series 3 Body Problem, the latest from the creators of HBO's Game of Thrones, has become the most watched show on Netflix since its debut last month. Based on the bestselling book trilogy Remembrance of Earth's Past by Chinese computer engineer and author Cixin Liu, 3 Body Problem introduces viewers to advanced concepts in physics in service to a suspenseful story involving investigative police work, international intrigue, and the looming threat of an extraterrestrial invasion.

Technology news

	Metasurface antenna could enable future 6G communications networks A team led by researchers from the University of Glasgow has developed an innovative wireless communications antenna that combines the unique properties of metamaterials with sophisticated signal processing to deliver a new peak of performance.
	Driver of electric Ford SUV was using automated system before fatal Texas crash, investigators say The driver of a Ford electric SUV involved in a February fatal crash in Texas was using the company's partially automated driving system before the wreck, federal investigators said Thursday.
	Making cement is very damaging for the climate. One solution is opening in California It's a major contributor to climate change—the way buildings and roads are made with concrete. It's also a problem that's growing as more of the world develops. So the race has been on to find solutions for a material that's responsible for roughly 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions.
	Uber and Lyft delay their plans to leave Minneapolis after officials push back driver pay plan The ride-hailing companies Uber and Lyft said they will delay their planned exit from Minneapolis after city officials decided Wednesday to push back the start of a driver pay raise by two months.
	Apple to fix 'bug' behind Palestinian flag emoji suggestions Apple on Thursday promised it would stop a Palestinian flag emoji from being suggested to some iPhone users when they type "Jerusalem" in messages.
	Japan seeks to reclaim tech edge with overseas help Massive overseas and domestic investments offer Japan a chance to reclaim its tech crown, but to become a convincing alternative to China the country must embrace rapid innovation, experts say.
	Is the shine coming off Japan's bullet trains? Just 10 days before the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, Japan opened its Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed rail line connecting Tokyo with Osaka. Shinkansen bullet trains showcased the high quality of Japanese railway technology to the world, with trains traveling at up to 285 km/h (177 mph).
	Large language models generate biased content, warn researchers A new report led by researchers from UCL finds that the most popular artificial intelligence (AI) tools discriminate against women and people of different cultures and sexualities.
	Sam Bankman-Fried appeals fraud conviction, 25-year jail term Fallen cryptocurrency wunderkind Sam Bankman-Fried has appealed his federal conviction and 25-year jail sentence in a sweeping fraud case, according to a legal filing made public Thursday.
	Amazon CEO touts AI in annual shareholder letter In his annual letter to shareholders, Amazon CEO Andy Jassy went back to 2003.
	Dynamic-EC: An efficient dynamic erasure coding method for permissioned blockchain systems Research led by Minyi Guo, published in Frontiers of Computer Science, addresses the challenge of reducing storage overhead in blockchain systems while maintaining data consistency and tolerating malicious nodes.

Chemistry news

A novel machine learning model for the characterization of material surfaces Machine learning (ML) enables the accurate and efficient computation of fundamental electronic properties of binary and ternary oxide surfaces, as shown by scientists from Tokyo Tech. Their ML-based model could be extended to other compounds and properties. The findings, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, could aid in the screening of surface properties of materials as well as in the development of functional materials.

Biology news

	Iconic savanna mammals face genetic problems due to fences and roads Whether by way of Attenborough, Disney or National Geographic, the iconic scene is familiar to many. The ground trembles and clouds of dust swirl as enormous hordes of large animals thunder across the African savanna, cross rivers en masse and are picked off by lions, hyena and crocodiles.
	Macroalgae genetics study sheds light on how seaweed became multicellular A deep dive into macroalgae genetics has uncovered the genetic underpinnings that enabled macroalgae, or "seaweed," to evolve multicellularity. Three lineages of macroalgae developed multicellularity independently and during very different time periods by acquiring genes that enable cell adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, and cell differentiation, researchers report in the journal Molecular Plant.
	Bonobos are more aggressive than previously thought, study shows Chimpanzees and bonobos are often thought to reflect two different sides of human nature—the conflict-ready chimpanzee versus the peaceful bonobo—but a new study published in Current Biology shows that, within their own communities, male bonobos are more frequently aggressive than male chimpanzees. For both species, more aggressive males had more mating opportunities.
	Africa's iconic flamingos threatened by rising lake levels, study shows It is one of the world's most spectacular sights—huge flocks or "flamboyances" of flamingos around East Africa's lakes—as seen in the film "Out of Africa" or David Attenborough's "A Perfect Planet."
	Microbial food as a food production strategy of the future The global food crisis is increasing due to rapid population growth and declining food productivity from climate change. Moreover, today's food production and supply system emits a huge amount of carbon dioxide, reaching 30% of the total amount emitted by humanity, further aggravating climate change. Sustainable and nutritious microbial food is attracting attention as a key to overcoming this impasse.
	New CRISPR tool orchestrates antiviral defense within cells The rise of RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for new ways to fight them. RNA-targeting tools like CRISPR/Cas13 are powerful but inefficient in the cytoplasm of cells, where many RNA viruses replicate.
	Scientists produce in vitro model of cell differentiation during early facial development Mother Nature is an artist, but her craft of creating animal faces requires more than a paintbrush and palette. Such highly complex shapes originate from their respective transient neural crest cells.
	Developing a machine learning model to explore DNA methylation A Northwestern Medicine study has detailed the development of a machine learning model to predict DNA methylation status in cell-free DNA by its fragmentation patterns, according to findings published in Nature Communications.
	Decoding the language of cells: Profiling the proteins behind cellular organelle communication In cellular biology, unraveling the complexities of cellular function at the molecular level remains a paramount endeavor. Significant scientific focus has been placed on understanding the interactions at organelle contact sites, especially between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These sites are critical hubs for the exchange of essential biomolecules, such as lipids and calcium, which are vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
	Where have all the right whales gone? Researchers map population density to make predictions Marine researchers have mapped the density of one of the most endangered large whale species worldwide, the North Atlantic right whale, using newly analyzed data to predict and help avoid whales' harmful, even fatal, exposure to commercial fishing and vessel strikes.
	New species of ant found pottering under the Pilbara named after Voldemort A study by The University of Western Australia has unearthed a new species of subterranean ant that shares some traits with a well-known Harry Potter villain.
	New study details how starving cells hijack protein transport stations A new study details how nutrient-starved cells divert protein transport stations to cellular recycling centers to be broken down, highlighting a novel approach cells use to deal with stressful conditions.
	Research team discovers more than 50 potentially new deep-sea species in one of the most unexplored areas of the planet An international group of scientists, co-led by researcher Ariadna Mechó of the Barcelona Supercomputing Center—Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS), observed 160 species on seamounts off the coast of Chile that had not yet been known to live in the region and suspect that at least 50 of these species are new to science.
	Salmon fishing off California's coast banned for second year in a row Salmon fishing off the coast of California will be banned for a second consecutive year, authorities said Wednesday, citing lower fish stocks impacted by drought and wildfires.
	3D microelectrode chip helps soil nutrient analysis Researchers have developed a novel microfluidic chip with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) integrated 3D microelectrodes to rapidly and quantitatively determine abundant nutrient ions in soil.
	Yellow-eyed grasses may have more insect visitors than previously thought Scientists previously believed that a family of flowering plants called yellow-eyed grasses didn't attract many insect visitors, but the recent discovery of a fungus that hijacks the plant and forms fungal "pseudoflowers" has researchers rethinking this assumption.
	Dead whale in New Jersey had a fractured skull among numerous injuries, experts find A post-mortem examination of a whale that washed ashore on New Jersey's Long Beach Island found that the animal had sustained numerous blunt force injuries including a fractured skull and vertebrae.
	AI is giving boost to crop improvement research What is the role of artificial intelligence for crop improvement? Questions about artificial intelligence are becoming more pressing in every discipline. For crop improvement, AI provides a new lens to bridge science and practice, according to Jianming Yu, one of the world's top-ranked scientists in the fields of quantitative genetics and plant breeding.
	Researchers reveal complex response of microbial communities to wastewater fluctuations Microbial communities in constructed wetland (CW) sediments are often disturbed by wastewater. It is necessary for the microbial community to maintain a relatively stable composition or biomass in order to continue to remove pollutants from wastewater.
	Study finds link between ecosystem multifunctionality and microbial community features Ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) is the ability of an ecosystem to provide multiple functions simultaneously. Microorganisms are proxies for soil communities and possess diverse functional traits that support multiple ecosystem functions. However, the complex relationships between the microbial network and EMF, especially at a large spatial scale, remain largely unknown.
	The cicadas are coming: An entomologist's take on a once-in-200-years event Get ready. Billions of trillions of singing, winged insects with big red eyes are about to emerge from more than a decade of sleep underground.
	Food scientists develop framework to improve food quality and still kill pathogens Sometimes the processing that makes food safe can compromise flavor and nutrients, but food scientist Jennifer Acuff is looking for a way to make food safe and minimize loss of quality.
	Study uncovers the role of soil microbes in forest ecosystems Assessing the function of forest ecosystems requires a deep understanding of the mechanisms of soil nitrogen mineralization. A study conducted by a team of researchers has shed light on how soil N-cycling genes drive soil nitrogen mineralization during afforestation.
	A model to promote the coordination between environmental protection and agricultural development in Erhai Lake Erhai Lake, covering 252 km2, located in Yunnan Province, is one of the seven largest freshwater lakes in China. However, over the last three decades, the lake has suffered pollution episodes. In order to solve this problem, the local government has taken many protective measures. These measures have achieved some results in the environmental protection of Erhai Lake, but also caused significant socioeconomic impact.
	Low-density polyethylene microplastics partially alleviate toxicological effects induced by Cd exposure in earthworms Cadmium (Cd) can accumulate in the food chain, with serious impacts on human health and safety. Microplastics (MPs) such as low density polyethylene (LDPE) should be considered not only as a single pollutant but also as a carrier of other pollutants.

Medicine and Health news

	Study finds that dopamine projections to the amygdala contribute to encoding identity-specific reward memories Over the course of their lives, humans build subjective internal models outlining the associations between specific environmental stimuli and rewards that could be gained from interacting with them. These experience-based models allow them to infer what benefits they could gain from acting in specific ways.
	How the inflamed brain becomes disconnected after a stroke Whether reeling from a sudden stroke or buckling under the sustained assault of Alzheimer's, the brain becomes inflamed, leading to cognitive problems and even death.
	Presence of specific lipids indicate tissue aging and can be decreased through exercise, study shows Scientists have discovered that a type of fat accumulates as tissue ages and that this accumulation can be reversed through exercise. Researchers from Amsterdam UMC, together with colleagues from Maastricht UMC+, analyzed both mice and human tissue before and after exercise allowing them to draw this conclusion. The results are published today in Nature Aging.
	Two key brain systems are central to psychosis, study finds Inside the brains of people with psychosis, two key systems are malfunctioning: a "filter" that directs attention toward important external events and internal thoughts, and a "predictor" composed of pathways that anticipate rewards.
	PFAS exposure from high-seafood diets may be underestimated, finds study A Dartmouth-led study suggests that people who frequently consume seafood may face an increased risk of exposure to PFAS, the family of ubiquitous and resilient human-made toxins known as "forever chemicals."
	Genomic deletions explain why some types of melanoma resist targeted therapies Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. With global incidence rates rising, new, more effective treatments are necessary to alleviate the health burden of the disease. Important advances in recent years include doctors using genetic tests to look for specific mutations they can target for more personalized, effective treatment.
	Male infertility genetic study improves molecular diagnostics and personalized management of patients Approximately one in seven couples face difficulties conceiving a child naturally. Half of these cases are due to male infertility—either caused by the complete absence or low number of mature sperm. In today's clinical practice, over half of these cases remain unexplained, hindering optimal counseling, treatment, and prevention of potential comorbidities.
	Inflammation discovery advances the fight against chronic liver disease In a world-first, QIMR Berghofer scientists have discovered the mechanism that causes severe inflammation among millions of people with chronic liver disease.
	Scientists uncover a missing link between poor diet and higher cancer risk A research team from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has unearthed new findings that may help explain the connection between cancer risk and poor diet, as well as common diseases like diabetes, which arise from poor diet. The insights gained from this study hold promise for advancing cancer prevention strategies aimed at promoting healthy aging.
	Metformin may help the immune system better identify breast cancer cells Metformin is a widely prescribed drug for managing type 2 diabetes. In recent years, indications of its potential anticancer properties have emerged in research. A study conducted at the University of Helsinki has found that metformin activates the body's immune cells. The effect was particularly observed in what are known as dendritic cells, which are the most effective in helping the immune system identify cancer cells as foreign entities. The research is published in the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer.
	Softer tumors fuel more aggressive spread of triple-negative breast cancer, research shows Researchers have discovered how the mechanical properties of tumors can prime cancer cells to better survive their spread to other organs.
	New study probes macrophages' role in developing pulmonary fibrosis Scientists have long known that white blood cells called macrophages accumulate in the lungs of people suffering from pulmonary fibrosis. What role macrophages play in developing the often fatal lung disease is less clear.
	Using AI to spot parasites in stool samples A multi-institutional team of specialists is using artificial intelligence to diagnose parasitic infections in patients by scanning stool samples. Their study is published in the open-access journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.
	Study of data from thousands of women suggests ovarian cycle is regulated by circadian rhythm A team of reproductive researchers affiliated with several institutions in France and the U.S. has found that the timing of monthly ovarian cycles in women is mostly likely attributable to the circadian rhythm. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes their study of thousands of ovarian cycles as reported by thousands of women in Europe and the U.S. and what they found.
	First clinical trial of vosoritide for children with hypochondroplasia shows increased growth Vosoritide's first global Phase II study showed an average increased growth rate of 1.8 cm per year in children with hypochondroplasia, a genetic cause of short stature in children, according to researchers from Children's National Hospital.
	Researchers shed light on the molecular causes of different functions of opioid receptors Thousands of people around the world die every day from overdoses involving opioids such as fentanyl. Drugs that target opioid receptors sometimes have severe side effects. An international team of researchers has taken a closer look at the molecular mechanisms of these active substances. The research, carried out by Dr Matthias Elgeti, a biophysicist at Leipzig University, in collaboration with research groups from the US and China, has now been published in the journal Nature.
	Pandemic drinking hit middle-aged women hardest, study finds Middle-aged women experienced increases in alcohol-related health complications during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to new research led by a University of Pittsburgh physician-scientist and published today in JAMA Health Forum.
	Chlamydia vaccine shows promise in early trial A chlamydia vaccine has triggered immune responses in an early trial, raising hopes that one day it might help curb the spread of the sexually transmitted infection (STI).
	Cell's 'garbage disposal' may have another role: Helping neurons near skin sense the environment The typical job of the proteasome, the garbage disposal of the cell, is to grind down proteins into smaller bits and recycle some of those bits and parts. That's still the case, for the most part, but, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers, studying nerve cells grown in the lab and mice, say that the proteasome's role may go well beyond that.
	Study shows AI improves accuracy of skin cancer diagnoses A new study led by researchers at Stanford Medicine finds that computer algorithms powered by artificial intelligence based on deep learning can help health care practitioners to diagnose skin cancers more accurately. Even dermatologists benefit from AI guidance, although their improvement is less than that seen for non-dermatologists.
	New insights on B cells: Researchers explore building better antibodies and curbing autoimmune diseases Four new studies led by Harvard Medical School researchers at Boston Children's Hospital reveal details about how B cells in the immune system churn out antibodies that become increasingly potent and specific after we're vaccinated or exposed to an infection.
	Study improves understanding of effects of household air pollution during pregnancy In a new study, researchers from Oxford's Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health have found that pregnant mothers' exposure to air pollution from indoor stoves did not affect the development of their babies in any statistically significant way, challenging conventional wisdom regarding the impact of household air pollution on fetal growth.
	Researchers discover cell 'crosstalk' that triggers cancer cachexia New research from the University of Oklahoma reveals a previously unknown chain of events sparking the development of cancer cachexia, a debilitating muscle-wasting condition that almost always occurs in people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
	Can normothermic regional perfusion increase the number of patients receiving lung transplants? Re-perfusing the lungs of an organ donor with a technique called normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) after the heart has irreversibly stopped beating could potentially increase the number of patients receiving lung transplants, according to researchers at the Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) in Prague.
	Asia-Pacific gets new weapon in fight against drug-resistant TB A faster and vastly more effective treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis is being rolled out in the Asia-Pacific region, raising hopes of a "new era" in tackling one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases.
	First national study of Dobbs ruling's effect on permanent contraception among young adults The first study to evaluate the effect of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization ruling on permanent contraception procedures among young adults nationwide was published in a JAMA Health Forum research letter.
	Researchers find no link between COVID-19 virus and development of asthma in children In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many families worried about the long-term effects posed by the SARS-COV-2 virus. Now, researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) found that a SARS-COV-2 infection likely does not increase the risk of asthma development in pediatric patients. The findings were published in the journal Pediatrics.
	UK and Portuguese study strongly suggests 'superbugs' are being passed from pets to owners Pet dogs and cats play an important role in the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, says new research presented at the ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27–30 April).
	No, beetroot isn't vegetable Viagra. But here's what else it can do Beetroot has been in the news for all the wrong reasons. Supply issues in recent months have seen a shortage of tinned beetroot on Australian supermarket shelves. At one point, a tin was reportedly selling on eBay for more than A$65.
	Freestanding emergency departments are popular, but do they function as intended? Freestanding emergency departments (EDs)—either satellite branches of hospitals or independently operated facilities—have popped up across the country. Texas has the most, with 338 freestanding EDs as of May 2023, and these facilities handle nearly one-quarter of all emergency department visits in the state.
	'Safety bundles' may reduce pregnancy-related deaths, particularly among Black women A woman begins losing blood during childbirth. Some vaginal bleeding is normal, but is it too much?
	Can stretching replace other types of exercise? Fitness experts explain positives and negatives of the latest trend There is massage. There is yoga. There is physical therapy.
	Young women often delay looking into breast symptoms, research finds Young women who find a lump or other potential signs of breast cancer often delay for weeks before finally seeing a doctor, a new study shows.
	New treatment could be advance against cervical precancers Women who undergo regular Pap smears are no doubt familiar with the possibility of "precancerous" cells being detected.
	Midwives can play a role in supporting pregnant women to reduce drug use Midwives are in a prime position to help support pregnant women to stop or cut down on alcohol and other drug use and to improve outcomes for the women and their children.
	Grieving pet owners comforted by 'supernatural' interactions Less than a week after her golden retriever Riley died, information studies Professor Jen Golbeck found him napping in her living room, "curled up like a croissant like he always was," on his red and gray-fleece dog bed.
	Wearable sensors for Parkinson's can improve with machine learning, data from healthy adults Low-cost, wearable sensors could increase access to care for patients with Parkinson's disease. New machine-learning approaches and a baseline of data from healthy older adults improve the accuracy of the results from such sensors, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign researchers and clinical collaborators found in a new study. The results were reported in the journal Sensors.
	Meningococcal disease on the rise in the US A rise in invasive serogroup Y meningococcal disease has prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to issue a health advisory for health care providers.
	Almost 1 in 4 people disenrolled from Medicaid are now uninsured Nearly a quarter of Americans who lost their pandemic-era Medicaid coverage say they're now without any health insurance, a new survey finds.
	Inherited predisposition for higher muscle strength may protect against common morbidities A study conducted at the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences at the University of Jyväskylä showed that a genetic predisposition for higher muscle strength predicts a longer lifespan and a lower risk for developing common diseases. This is the most comprehensive international study to date on hereditary muscle strength and its relationship to morbidity. The genome and health data of more than 340,000 Finns were used in the research.
	A third of women found to experience migraines associated with menstruation, most commonly when premenopausal A third of the nearly 20 million women who participated in a national health survey report migraines during menstruation, and of them, 11.8 million, or 52.5%, were premenopausal. The analysis was conducted by researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center and Pfizer, Inc., which makes a migraine medication.
	Study reveals potential to reverse lung fibrosis using the body's own healing technique The most common type of lung fibrosis—scarring of the lungs—is idiopathic, meaning of unknown cause. Researchers are urgently trying to find ways to prevent or slow idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and related lung conditions, which can cause worsening shortness of breath, dry cough, and extreme fatigue. Average survival following diagnosis of IPF is just three to five years, and the disease has no cure.
	Choosing sugary drinks over fruit juice for toddlers linked to risk of adult obesity Consuming sugar-sweetened drinks in the first few years of childhood can be linked to poor diet patterns that increase the risk of obesity in later life, according to a new study by the School of Psychology at Swansea University.
	Study suggests staying current with COVID-19 vaccinations helps combat emerging variants New research using live SARS-CoV-2 virus reveals an updated vaccine provides a strong immune response against previous strains and emerging variants.
	Murray Valley encephalitis: Summer is over but mosquito-borne disease remains a risk in northern Australia Cooler temperatures are fading our memories of summer and reducing numbers of mosquitoes in southern parts of Australia. But up north, warmer temperatures and plenty of rain will keep mosquitoes active.
	Houston hospital halts liver and kidney transplants after learning a doctor manipulated some records A Houston hospital has halted its liver and kidney transplant programs after discovering that a doctor manipulated records for liver transplant candidates, according to a media report.
	Dermatologist recommendations for controlling rosacea Rosacea is a common skin condition that causes redness on a person's face.
	Parents can ease their teens' stress around standardized tests Standardized tests put a lot of pressure on teenagers who want to secure their future and make their parents and teachers proud.
	After losing Medicaid, parents of Florida's sickest kids are in limbo Osceola resident Oscar Hernandez is scrambling to ensure his 16-year-old terminally ill son, Llarell, will continue to receive medical care.

Other Sciences news

	Australia's secret history of Aboriginal population control in the 1960s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers are advised this article may contain images of deceased people. It contains mentions of the Stolen Generations, and policies using outdated and potentially offensive terminology when referring to First Nations people.
	Researchers analyze challenges faced by content moderators during pandemic The responsibility for maintaining online safety relies on content moderators particularly in times of crisis. However, not all platforms even have moderation systems in place and so disinformation, misinformation, propaganda, and fake news often circulate freely.
	Persistent socioeconomic gaps for Black Californians would take more than 248 years to close unless more is done: Report Almost two decades ago, the inaugural State of Black California report was the first to provide a comprehensive look at how the material conditions and socioeconomic outcomes for Black Californians fared compared to other racial and ethnic groups.
	Allowing consumers who purchased goods online to return them to retail stores can be a win-win Many consumers who shop online prefer to return items to brick-and-mortar stores rather than mail them back. In a new study, researchers assessed a new practice called return partnership, in which online retailers partner with retailers with physical stores to offer offline returns. They conclude that this arrangement can benefit both online and store retailers, though businesses should be careful to choose the right partners.
	Theories that explain the crisis in democracy are inadequate for Latin America, experts say The theories offered by the dominant literature in political science today to try to explain the sources of the political polarization that has endangered democracy around the world are adequate for the United States and Europe, but do not make sense for the countries of Latin America. For this reason, greater collaboration among political scientists is needed to identify other, more plausible hypotheses for the phenomenon that the region is also experiencing.
	Compulsory income management doing more harm than good, Australian study finds Compulsory income management (CIM) in the Northern Territory is perceived to be ineffective in reducing harm, can contribute to situations of family violence and is incompatible with the needs of welfare recipients, a new study led by Charles Darwin University (CDU) has found.
	Embedding First Nation knowledge and practices in primary/middle school mathematics and science Authentic and sometimes confronting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander content is helping the next generation of Australian teachers be more socially responsible and inclusive, say University of South Australia experts.
	One in 10 Australians sexually harassed by peers: Study The first nationally representative figures on the prevalence of sexual harassment across childhood reveal females and those who are gender or sexuality diverse are most at risk.

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