Science X Newsletter Mon, Apr 29

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 29, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

DNA study of Avar cemetery remains reveals network of large pedigrees and social practices

A strategy to boost the efficiency of perovskite/organic solar cells

A six-armed robot for precision pollination

Tidal disruption event ASASSN-19bt experiences unusual radio evolution, observations show

Study suggests that stevia is the most brain-compatible sugar substitute

Laser excitation of Th-229 nucleus: New findings suggest classical quantum physics and nuclear physics can be combined

An affordable miniature car-like robot to test control and estimation algorithms

Global study shows a third more insects come out after dark

Research shows 'profound' link between dietary choices and brain health

Human activities have an intense impact on Earth's deep subsurface fluid flow

Probing the effects of interplanetary space on asteroid Ryugu

After 25 years, researchers uncover genetic cause of rare neurological disease

Researchers from Denmark and Germany find brown fat's 'off-switch'

T. rex not as smart as previously claimed, scientists find

Ancient Maya blessed their ballcourts: Researchers find evidence of ceremonial offerings in Mexico

Nanotechnology news

	Scientists construct sophisticated synthetic system using self-replicating nanostructures A research team led by the late Professor Liang Haojun from the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) has developed a facile enthalpy-mediated strategy to precisely control the replication and catalytic assembly of DNA-functionalized colloids in a time-dependent manner, facilitating the creation of large-scale ordered nanomaterials. The study was published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
	Bacteria 'nanowires' could help develop green electronics Engineered protein filaments originally produced by bacteria have been modified by scientists to conduct electricity. In a study published recently in the journal Small, researchers revealed that protein nanowires—which were modified by adding a single compound—can conduct electricity over short distances and harness energy from moisture in the air.
	Researchers develop tiny droplets that harness laser light to detect disease markers A team of researchers led by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) has created tiny droplets that, when activated by laser light, can detect viral protein biomarkers indicating the presence of certain diseases.
	Adequately stabilized and exposed Cu/CuₓO heterojunction on porous carbon nanofibers Inexpensive and readily available copper-based catalysts are considered ideal for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce multi-carbon products. The presence of copper oxides is crucial for generating high-value-added products in CO2RR.
	Design strategies toward plasmon-enhanced 2D material photodetectors Traditional semiconductors such as Si, GaAs, and HgCdTe seem unable to meet the development trend of electronic devices that feature ultra-small volume, lightweight, and low power consumption. These limitations of traditional semiconductors mainly stem from complex growth conditions and low-temperature working environments.

Physics news

	Laser excitation of Th-229 nucleus: New findings suggest classical quantum physics and nuclear physics can be combined Physicists have been hoping for this moment for a long time: For many years, scientists all around the world have been searching for a very specific state of thorium atomic nuclei that promises revolutionary technological applications. It could be used, for example, to build a nuclear clock that could measure time more precisely than the best atomic clocks available today. It could also be used to answer completely new fundamental questions in physics—for example, the question of whether the constants of nature are actually constant or whether they change in space and time.
	Physicists overcome two key operating hurdles in fusion reactions A team of physicists from several institutions across the U.S. working with a colleague from China, at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, in San Diego, California, has devised a way to overcome two key hurdles standing in the way of using fusion as a general power source.
	Topologically controlled multiskyrmions: Researchers propose a new family of quasiparticles Skyrmions are topologically protected quasiparticles with sophisticated spin textures, widely studied in condensed-matter systems, magnets and recently in photonics, which predicts great potential in ultra-high-capacity information storage, due to their diversified and stable topological spin textures in ultrasmall particle-like region.
	When does a conductor not conduct? Switching a 2D metal-organic framework from an insulator to a metal An Australian-led study has found unusual insulating behavior in a new atomically-thin material—and the ability to switch it on and off.
	Researchers discover 'topological Kerr effect' in two-dimensional quantum magnets In a recent collaboration between the High Magnetic Field Center of the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the University of Science and Technology of China, researchers introduced the concept of the topological Kerr effect (TKE) by utilizing the low-temperature magnetic field microscopy system and magnetic force microscopy imaging system supported by the steady-state high magnetic field experimental facility.
	New tech enables deep tissue imaging during surgery Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a state-of-the-art technique that captures and processes information across a given electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike traditional imaging techniques that capture light intensity at specific wavelengths, HSI collects a full spectrum at each pixel in an image. This rich spectral data enables the distinction between different materials and substances based on their unique spectral signatures.
	Hydride research pushes frontiers of practical, accessible superconductivity Science is taking a step forward in the quest for superconductors that will not require ultra-high pressure to function, thanks to multinational research led by Xiaojia Chen at the University of Houston.
	New system boosts efficiency of quantum error correction The fragile qubits that make up quantum computers offer a powerful computational tool, yet also present a conundrum: How can engineers create practical, workable quantum systems out of bits that are so easily disturbed—and wiped of data—by tiny changes in their environment?
	Laser imaging could offer early detection for at-risk artwork Look closely at Impressionist paintings in museums compared with photos of them taken 50 years ago, and you might notice something odd: Some are losing their bright yellow hues.
	Quantum challenge to be solved one mile underground Radiation from space is a challenge for quantum computers as their computation time becomes limited by cosmic rays. Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and University of Waterloo in Canada are now going deep underground in the search for a solution to this problem—in a two-kilometer-deep mine.
	Advances in topological phase transition in organometallic lattices A research group led by Prof. Li Xingxing of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of Chinese Academy of Chinese (CAS) made a reversible topological control in 2D organometallic lattices achieved through tautomerization. Their work was published in Advanced Functional Materials.
	Study finds CsPbBr₃ out-of-phase perovskite helps highly sensitive X-ray detection A recent study conducted by the research team at Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has introduced a new method for enhancing X-ray detection by incorporating out-of-phase CsPb2Br5 perovskite into CsPbBr3 bulk material.
	Pump-probe high-harmonic spectroscopy could catch geometric phase effect around conical intersection in molecule: Study A collaborative research team from Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST) and East China Normal University (ECNU) has theoretically proposed that a pump-probe high-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) driven by VUV-IR pulses can catch the geometric phase (GP) effect around the conical intersection (CI) and distinguish its quantitative behavior from the case of avoided crossing (AC). The results have been published in the journal Ultrafast Science.

Earth news

	Human activities have an intense impact on Earth's deep subsurface fluid flow The impact of human activities—such as greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation—on Earth's surface have been well-studied. Now, hydrology researchers from the University of Arizona have investigated how humans impact Earth's deep subsurface, a zone that lies hundreds of meters to several kilometers beneath the planet's surface.
	Study provides new global accounting of Earth's rivers A study led by NASA researchers provides new estimates of how much water courses through Earth's rivers, the rates at which it's flowing into the ocean, and how much both of those figures have fluctuated over time—crucial information for understanding the planet's water cycle and managing its freshwater supplies.
	Details of hurricane Ian's aftermath captured with new remote sensing method Category 4 Hurricane Ian made landfall in Florida's Lee County on Sept. 28 2022, battering the region with wind speeds of 155 miles per hour and storm surge up to 13 feet—the highest storm surge documented in Southwest Florida in the past 150 years.
	China's bid to decarbonize may have hidden costs Environmentalists rejoiced when China announced its commitment to reach carbon neutrality by 2060, but the decarbonization of China—which emits 27% of global carbon dioxide and a third of the world's greenhouse gases—may come with hidden costs and hard environmental choices, according to new research.
	Study says California's 2023 snowy rescue from megadrought was a freak event. Don't get used to it Last year's snow deluge in California, which quickly erased a two decade long megadrought, was essentially a once-in-a-lifetime rescue from above, a new study found.
	If plastic manufacturing goes up 10%, plastic pollution goes up 10%—and we're set for a huge surge in production In the two decades to 2019, global plastic production doubled. By 2040, plastic manufacturing and processing could consume as much as 20% of global oil production and use up 15% of the annual carbon emissions budget.
	Schools closed, warnings issued as Asia swelters in extreme heat wave South and Southeast Asia braced for more extreme heat on Sunday as authorities across the region issued health warnings and residents fled to parks and air-conditioned malls for relief.
	Chemicals, forever: How do you fix a problem like PFAS? A landmark legal settlement has once again focused our attention on the dangers of "forever chemicals."
	86% of Great Lakes litter is plastic, 20-year study shows: And the plastic is 'just getting smaller and smaller." Heads down and attentively scanning the ground, a small group of schoolchildren walked through an expanse of grass dotted with yellow dandelions and toward the concrete steps leading to Lake Michigan.
	Lawmakers hope to use this emerging climate science to charge oil companies for disasters A fast-emerging field of climate research is helping scientists pinpoint just how many dollars from a natural disaster can be tied to the historic emissions of individual oil companies—analysis that is the centerpiece of new state efforts to make fossil fuel companies pay billions for floods, wildfires and heat waves.
	World War II-era ship docked in Alameda becomes testing tool to combat global warming The flight deck of a decommissioned World War II-era aircraft carrier docked at Alameda has recently begun launching something other than airplanes: microscopic droplets of salt water that scientists hope will help counteract the effects of climate change.
	Red Sea diversions spew carbon emissions equal to 9 million cars Ships seeking to avoid ongoing attacks by Houthi rebels in the Red Sea area are emitting millions of additional tons of carbon, making it tougher for companies using ocean freight to reduce pollution across their supply chains.
	Q&A: Study reveals importance of action plans to protect environmental refuges for escaping the summer heat On April 30, the Salt Lake County Health Department's 2024 Climate & Health Symposium will bring together experts, including University of Utah scientists, to talk about how climate change impacts human health. One speaker is Daniel Mendoza, research assistant professor in atmospheric sciences; adjunct assistant professor in internal medicine; and adjunct assistant professor in City & Metropolitan Planning.
	New insights into tree canopy light absorption and its climate implications The clumping index (CI) is critical for accurately modeling light absorption in plant canopies, affecting predictions of photosynthesis and climate dynamics. Traditional methods of estimating CI, however, typically ignore its variability with observation angle, leading to potentially significant errors in environmental assessments.
	How did the early Great Barrier Reef manage rapid environmental change? As the modern Great Barrier Reef emerged after the last ice age, it had to cope with multiple environmental stresses—rising sea levels, increased sediment from a flooding coastline, ocean turbulence and likely warming oceans.
	Underwater mass spectrometry achieves 500-fold sensitivity enhancement for dissolved methane detection A research team led by Prof. Chen Chilai from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, amplified the detection sensitivity of dissolved methane in water by over 500 times, surpassing 500-fold enhancement, thus reaching baseline methane detection levels in oceans and lakes.
	Maps developed with artificial intelligence confirm low levels of phosphorus in Amazonian soil As the impacts of climate change increasingly affect the daily lives of residents in several countries, including Brazil, the resilience of forests, especially tropical ones such as the Amazon, has become a frequent topic of research. In addition to studying various factors that influence the way vegetation reacts to global warming, scientists are seeking to improve vegetation models—tools that play a crucial role in understanding and managing ecosystems, contributing to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
	'Everyone sits out': Yangon parks offer heat wave relief As the sun sets on another scorching Yangon day, the hot and bothered descend on the Myanmar city's parks, the coolest place to spend an evening during yet another power blackout.
	G7 reportedly agrees end date for coal-fired power plants G7 energy ministers have agreed a time frame for phasing out coal-fired power plants, a British minister said Monday, as the UN warned "excuses" for failing to take bold actions on climate change were "not acceptable".
	G7 to commit to reducing plastic production: French ministry The G7 is expected to commit to reducing plastic production in order to tackle the global scourge of pollution, France's ecological transition ministry said Monday.
	Bangladesh again closes schools nationwide due to heat wave A Bangladeshi court ordered a nationwide shutdown of schools on Monday due to an ongoing heat wave, the day after the government sent millions of children back to class despite searing temperatures.
	China's cement industry: Potential contributor to carbon neutrality In a recent study published in Science China Earth Sciences, researchers from the Institute of Applied Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have unveiled new advances in the carbon capture capabilities of China's cement industry and its potential contribution to carbon neutrality.

Astronomy and Space news

	Tidal disruption event ASASSN-19bt experiences unusual radio evolution, observations show An international team of astronomers has conducted detailed radio and X-ray observations of a tidal disruption event (TDE) designated ASASSN-19bt. Results of the observational campaign, presented April 18 on the pre-print server arXiv, shed more light on the emission from this TDE, revealing that it showcases an unusual radio evolution.
	Probing the effects of interplanetary space on asteroid Ryugu Analyzing samples retrieved from the asteroid Ryugu by the Japanese Space Agency's Hayabusa2 spacecraft has revealed new insights into the magnetic and physical bombardment environment of interplanetary space. The results of the study, carried out by Professor Yuki Kimura at Hokkaido University and co-workers at 13 other institutions in Japan, are published in the journal Nature Communications.
	New study reveals mystery of decaying exoplanet orbits A new study led by researchers at Durham University has uncovered a novel mechanism that could solve a long-standing mystery about decaying planetary orbits around stars like our sun.
	Orion's erupting star system reveals its secrets An unusual group of stars in the Orion constellation have revealed their secrets. FU Orionis, a double star system, first caught astronomers' attention in 1936 when the central star suddenly became 1,000 times brighter than usual. This behavior, expected from dying stars, had never been seen in a young star like FU Orionis.
	Webb captures iconic Horsehead Nebula in unprecedented detail The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope has captured the sharpest infrared images to date of one of the most distinctive objects in our skies, the Horsehead Nebula. These observations show a part of the iconic nebula in a whole new light, capturing its complexity with unprecedented spatial resolution.
	Revealing the origin of unexpected differences in giant binary stars Using the Gemini South telescope a team of astronomers have confirmed for the first time that differences in binary stars' composition can originate from chemical variations in the cloud of stellar material from which they formed. The results help explain why stars born from the same molecular cloud can possess different chemical composition and host different planetary systems, as well as pose challenges to current stellar and planet formation models.
	NASA hears from Voyager 1, the most distant spacecraft from Earth, after months of quiet NASA has finally heard back from Voyager 1 again in a way that makes sense.
	Astronauts arrive at Kennedy Space Center as first crew for Boeing's Starliner spacecraft It's not just another ride for a pair of veteran NASA astronauts who arrived to the Space Coast ahead of their flight onboard Boeing's CST-100 Starliner.
	The planetary orbit in Netflix's '3 Body Problem' is random and chaotic, but could it exist? I first encountered the three-body problem 60 years ago, in a short story called "Placet is a Crazy Place" by American science fiction writer Frederic Brown.
	Here's why we should put a gravitational wave observatory on the moon Scientists detected the first long-predicted gravitational wave in 2015, and since then, researchers have been hungering for better detectors. But the Earth is warm and seismically noisy, and that will always limit the effectiveness of Earth-based detectors.
	Mapping the Milky Way's magnetic field in 3D We are all very familiar with the concept of the Earth's magnetic field. It turns out that most objects in space have magnetic fields but it's quite tricky to measure them. Astronomers have developed an ingenious way to measure the magnetic field of the Milky Way using polarized light from interstellar dust grains that align themselves to the magnetic field lines. A new survey has begun this mapping process and has mapped an area that covers the equivalent of 15 times the full moon.
	America's 'big glass' dominance hangs on the fate of two powerful new telescopes More than 100 years ago, astronomer George Ellery Hale brought two Pasadena institutions together to build what was then the largest optical telescope in the world. The Mount Wilson Observatory changed the conception of humankind's place in the universe and revealed the mysteries of the heavens to generations of citizens and scientists alike. Ever since then, the United States has been at the forefront of "big glass."
	Einstein probe opens its wide eyes to the X-ray sky The first images captured by the innovative mission were presented at the 7th workshop of the Einstein Probe consortium in Beijing. They illustrate the satellite's full potential and show that its novel optics, which mimic a lobster's eyes, are ready to monitor the X-ray sky. The space X-ray telescope zoomed in on a few well-known celestial objects to give us a hint of what the mission is capable of.
	Neutron stars could be capturing primordial black holes The Milky Way has a missing pulsar problem in its core. Astronomers have tried to explain this for years. One of the more interesting ideas comes from a team of astronomers in Europe and invokes dark matter, neutron stars, and primordial black holes (PBHs).
	Q&A: How to catch a glimpse of a new star about to appear in the night sky If you peer up at the constellation Corona Borealis—the Northern Crown—over the next several months, you may catch a glimpse: Astronomers predict that sometime this year, a new star will appear in the night sky, growing as bright as the North Star, then vanishing in a matter of days.
	NASA scientists gear up for solar storms at Mars In the months ahead, two of NASA's Mars spacecraft will have an unprecedented opportunity to study how solar flares—giant explosions on the sun's surface—could affect robots and future astronauts on the Red Planet.
	SpaceX lines up pair of Space Coast launches for the weekend SpaceX has launches set for Saturday and Sunday from the Space Coast.
	NASA's Hubble pauses science due to gyro issue NASA is working to resume science operations of the agency's Hubble Space Telescope after it entered safe mode April 23 due to an ongoing gyroscope (gyro) issue. Hubble's instruments are stable, and the telescope is in good health.
	Hubble spots magnificent barred galaxy NGC 2217 The magnificent central bar of NGC 2217 (also known as AM 0619-271) shines bright in the constellation of Canis Major (The Greater Dog), in this image taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Roughly 65 million light-years from Earth, this barred spiral galaxy is a similar size to our Milky Way at 100,000 light-years across. Many stars are concentrated in its central region forming the luminous bar, surrounded by a set of tightly wound spiral arms.

Technology news

	A strategy to boost the efficiency of perovskite/organic solar cells In recent years, researchers have been experimenting with a wide range of solar cell designs in the hope of facilitating their widespread deployment. Organic solar cells based on perovskite materials have been found to exhibit various advantages over conventional solar cell designs based on conventional silicon, including lower costs of fabrication, greater flexibility and tunability.
	A six-armed robot for precision pollination Over the past decades, dozens of animal species have become extinct, while thousands of others are now at risk of disappearing. Endangered species include various pollinators, including bees and some types of moths, butterflies, and flies.
	An affordable miniature car-like robot to test control and estimation algorithms The development and testing of algorithms for robotics applications typically requires evaluations in both simulated and physical environments. Some algorithms, however, can be difficult to deploy in simple hardware experiments, due to the high costs of robotics hardware or to difficulties associated with setting up this hardware inside robotics labs. Moreover, often developers lack reliable software that would allow them to integrate their algorithms on a specific robotics platform.
	Computer scientists unveil novel attacks on cybersecurity Researchers have found two novel types of attacks that target the conditional branch predictor found in high-end Intel processors, which could be exploited to compromise billions of processors currently in use.
	Analysis of future EV load using real-world data shows major upgrade needed for California in the coming decades A pair of environmental engineers at the University of California, Davis, has found that in order to meet the needs of the growing number of electric vehicles (EV) in that state in the coming decades, California power producers are going to have to produce more electricity and erect more power cables to carry the load to consumer locations.
	Computational workflow engine, matched with robotic platform, used to drive experiments for the first time Computational and experimental methods in materials science are often described as entirely separate affairs. On one side, computer simulations are used to explain and predict the properties of materials, including novel ones that were not yet synthesized. On the other, experiments test the actual behavior of materials in controlled situations and serve to confirm and validate computational predictions.
	Scientists harness the wind as a tool to move objects Researchers have developed a technique to move objects around with a jet of wind. The new approach makes it possible to manipulate objects at a distance and could be integrated into robots to give machines ethereal fingers.
	Scientists are shaking up lithium extraction with a different kind of chemistry When people think of chemistry, the image that typically comes to mind is a variety of colored liquids in beakers, flasks, and test tubes in a lab. But in actual practice, chemistry can involve materials in all states: liquids, gases, and even solids.
	Google plans to invest $2 billion to build data center in northeast Indiana, officials say Google plans to invest $2 billion to build a data center in northeastern Indiana that will help power its artificial intelligence technology and cloud business, company and state officials said Friday.
	Tesla founder Musk visits China as competitors show off new electric vehicles at Beijing auto show Tesla founder and CEO Elon Musk met with a top government leader in the Chinese capital Sunday, just as the nation's carmakers are showing off their latest electric vehicle models at the Beijing auto show.
	As quantum computers advance, encryption methods will need to keep up Imagine the tap of a card that bought you a cup of coffee this morning also let a hacker halfway across the world access your bank account and buy themselves whatever they liked. Now imagine it wasn't a one-off glitch, but it happened all the time: imagine the locks that secure our electronic data suddenly stopped working.
	Cybersecurity researchers spotlight a new ransomware threat—be careful where you upload files You probably know better than to click on links that download unknown files onto your computer. It turns out that uploading files can get you into trouble, too.
	EU says Apple iPad operating system to face stricter rules The EU on Monday said Apple's operating system for iPads must comply with tougher new rules that Brussels is imposing to rein in the world's biggest digital companies.
	Tractor-trailers with no one aboard? The future is near for self-driving trucks on US roads On a three-lane test track along the Monongahela River, an 18-wheel tractor-trailer rounded a curve. No one was on board.
	Just 1,200 square kilometers of land could fulfill Australia's solar and wind energy needs As Australia's rapid renewable energy rollout continues, so too does debate over land use. Nationals Leader David Littleproud, for example, claimed regional areas had reached "saturation point" and cannot cope with more wind and solar farms and transmission lines.
	Initiative encourages computer science students to incorporate ethics into their work Computer science students at the University of Toronto are learning how to incorporate ethical considerations into the design and development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence with the help of a unique undergraduate initiative.
	Researchers use ChatGPT for choreographies with flying robots Prof. Angela Schoellig from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) uses ChatGPT to develop choreographies for swarms of drones to perform along to music. An additional safety filter prevents mid-air collisions. The researcher's results demonstrate the first time that large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can be used in robotics.
	Researchers create verification techniques to increase security in AI and image processing A team of researchers from the Institute IMDEA Software, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and NEC Laboratories Europe has introduced a novel framework that promises to improve the efficiency and practicality of verifiable computing.
	Tesla's stock leaps on reports of Chinese approval for the company's driving software Shares of Tesla stock rallied Monday after the electric vehicle maker's CEO, Elon Musk, paid a surprise visit to Beijing over the weekend and reportedly won tentative approval for its driving software.
	Financial Times enters ChatGPT content deal The Financial Times on Monday entered into a partnership deal with ChatGPT creator OpenAI that will integrate the news outlet's journalism into its chatbot.
	NASA uses small engine to enhance sustainable jet research Located inside a high-tech NASA laboratory in Cleveland is something you could almost miss at first glance: a small-scale, fully operational jet engine to test new technology that could make aviation more sustainable.
	Electric vehicle drivers can estimate their personalized fuel savings with new Argonne tool A new tool launched by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory enables drivers to estimate, at the ZIP code level, how much they save on fuel costs by driving a plug-in electric vehicle (either a plug-in hybrid [PHEV] or a battery electric vehicle [BEV]).
	Researchers develop a new way to instruct dance in virtual reality Researchers at Aalto University were looking for better ways to instruct dance choreography in virtual reality. The new WAVE technique they developed will be presented in May at the CHI conference for human-computer interaction research.
	Voice at the wheel: Study introduces an encoder-decoder framework for AI systems Recently, the team led by Professor Xu Chengzhong and Assistant Professor Li Zhenning from the University of Macau's State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City unveiled the Context-Aware Visual Grounding Model (CAVG).
	Daimler Truck braces for possible strike in 3 southern US states Around 7,200 workers with Daimler Truck in three southern US states were poised Friday for a potential strike as labor contract talks headed down to the wire.
	Embattled French tech giant Atos says needs more cash Struggling French tech giant Atos said on Monday it needs more cash than previously estimated to stay afloat and welcomes a government offer to acquire company activities linked to national security.
	Philadelphia begins powering City Hall and the airport by a solar array 100 miles away Philadelphia has begun pulling large amounts of power for city-owned buildings from a solar array on farmland near Gettysburg.
	Hackers may have accessed Inquirer subscriber and employee personal data in 2023 cyberattack About 25,500 Philadelphia Inquirer subscribers, employees, former employees, and employees' family members on company benefit plans may have had their personal information exposed in a May cyberattack, Inquirer publisher and chief executive officer Lisa Hughes said April 26.
	Cyberattack strikes Georgia county that was site of 2021 election breach The Georgia county where tech experts copied the state's election software after the 2020 election was hit by a cyberattack in April.
	Jassy, Bezos, other Amazon execs used Signal messaging app, a problem for FTC The Federal Trade Commission wants to know more about how Amazon—and its executives—use the encrypted messaging app Signal.
	Finnair suspends flights to Estonian city over Russian GPS interference Finnair said Monday it was suspending flights to the Estonian city of Tartu for one month due to GPS interference that the Estonian foreign minister labeled a Russian "hybrid attack".
	Tesla wins key China security clearance during Musk visit Tesla received a key security clearance from China during owner Elon Musk's whistlestop visit to the world's biggest electric car market, which wrapped up on Monday.
	China's EV giant BYD misses Q1 revenue estimates Major Chinese electric carmaker BYD reported lower-than-expected revenue for the first quarter of 2024 on Monday, as an aggressive domestic price war and Western regulatory pressure weighed on the company's growth.
	US opens investigation into Ford crashes involving Blue Cruise partially automated driving system Two fatal crashes involving Ford's Blue Cruise partially automated driving system have drawn the attention of U.S. auto safety regulators.
	Deepfake of principal's voice is the latest case of AI being used for harm The most recent criminal case involving artificial intelligence emerged last week from a Maryland high school, where police say a principal was framed as racist by a fake recording of his voice.
	US Supreme Court declines to hear Musk appeal over Tesla posts The US Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear an appeal by Elon Musk of a settlement that requires the billionaire to have some of his social media posts about Tesla pre-approved by a company lawyer.
	How artificial intelligence can transform U.S. energy infrastructure In the face of accelerating climate change, the U.S. aims to reduce the net carbon emissions of its economy to zero by 2050. Achieving this goal will require an unprecedented deployment of clean energy technologies and a significant transformation of the nation's energy infrastructure.
	Fueling the future: Researchers evaluate emissions in the aviation industry A research group led Prof. Fei Wei and Chenxi Zhang in Tsinghua University has published a perspective paper that evaluates the progression from deep-rooted fossil-fuel-dependent technologies to innovative strategies aimed at carbon neutrality, with a specific focus on the formulation of sustainable aviation fuel from CO2.
	Mathematical formulation of hazardous scenarios for automated driving systems A research group including Professor Hasuo Ichiro of the Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division of the National Institute of Informatics, Dr. Waga Masaki, Assistant Professor of the Department of Informatics in the Graduate School of Informatics of Kyoto University and others has mathematically formulated the hazardous scenarios specified in ISO 34502, an international standard that stipulates a framework for the safety assurance of vehicles with automated driving systems as a part of the Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology.

Chemistry news

	Researchers achieve electrosynthesis via superwetting organic-solid-water interfaces Chinese scientists have recently achieved the direct synthesis of high-purity benzaldehyde chemicals from the selective electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol. The organic-solid-water (OSW) three-phase reaction system has shown particular advantages in reducing ohmic losses and simplifying product separation and purification processes compared to conventional H-type electrochemical cells.
	Microgravity-grown crystals reveal new insights into protein structures Biochemists have long been working around a blind spot when it comes to proteins. They know that hydrogen constitutes nearly half of the atoms in proteins, but how they contribute to protein function in these complex structures has been less clear. Hydrogen atoms are so small that traditional structural biology techniques cannot reveal their positions.
	Scientists discover a new type of porous material that can store greenhouse gases A new type of porous material that can store carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has been developed by a team of scientists jointly led by Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland.
	Researchers improve the plasticity of ceramic materials at room temperature Researchers in Purdue University's College of Engineering have developed and validated a patent-pending method that could expand the industrial applications of ceramics by making them more plastically deformable at room temperature.
	Scientists develop strong yet reusable adhesive from smart materials Scientists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a smart, reusable adhesive more than 10 times stronger than a gecko's feet adhesion, pointing the way for development of reusable superglue and grippers capable of holding heavy weights across rough and smooth surfaces.
	Fragility crossover mediated by covalent-like electronic interactions in metallic liquids In the field of glass and liquid sciences, the so-called fragility is a key concept that characterizes how rapidly the liquid dynamics showdown on lowering the temperature. However, a long-standing challenge is that the occurrence of crystallization hinders the evaluation of fragility in glass-forming materials.

Biology news

	Global study shows a third more insects come out after dark A groundbreaking study, led by Dr. Mark Wong of The University of Western Australia, has provided the first global picture of insect activity patterns across the fundamental day–night cycle.
	T. rex not as smart as previously claimed, scientists find An international team of scientists including two neurobiologists from the University of Alberta is weighing in on the latest controversy over the brain power of Tyrannosaurus rex.
	Getting dynamic information from static snapshots Imagine predicting the exact finishing order of the Kentucky Derby from a still photograph taken 10 seconds into the race.
	Cicada-palooza! Billions of bugs to blanket America They're loud. They're sexually aroused. And for one special, cacophonous month up to a trillion of them will engulf suburbs and woodlands across America.
	Reforestation study finds only a few tree species can survive a century of rapid climate change Europe's forests have already been severely affected by climate change. Thousands of hectares of trees have already died due to drought and bark beetles. Scientists from the University of Vienna and the Technical University of Munich TUM have now investigated which trees can be used for reforestation.
	Hornets found to be primary pollinators of two Angelica species Researcher Ko Mochizuki of the University of Tokyo discovered that two species in the genus Angelica are pollinated primarily by hornets. This overturns the conventional belief that Angelica species are "generalists," meaning that there is not one primary pollinator but a variety of species. As hornets are rarely primary pollinators, the discovery also impacts future ecological research and conservation efforts. The findings were published in the journal Ecology.
	More than 2 million gazelle still roam the Mongolian steppe A study published in Oryx sheds light on the status of Mongolian gazelle populations across Mongolia, Russia, and China, revealing both successes and challenges in the conservation efforts of this iconic species
	Mammals on 'sky islands' may be threatened by climate change, human development A new study sheds light on how climate change and human development threaten mammal species living in isolated biodiversity hotspots known as "sky islands."
	Study sheds light on the diversity of carnivore skull shapes and their function In a study published in Nature Communications, a team of international researchers led by Gabriele Sansalone and Carmelo Fruciano has made a significant discovery about the diversity of skull shapes in carnivores.
	Aggressive wall lizard provides clues to understanding evolution Body shape, color and behavior often evolve together as species adapt to their environment. Researchers from Lund University in Sweden have studied this phenomenon in a specific type of large, bright green and aggressive common wall lizard found near the Mediterranean. They discovered that a unique cell type might have played a key role in this joint evolution.
	Study reveals cancer vulnerabilities in popular dog breeds Medium-sized dogs have a higher risk of developing cancer than the very largest or smallest breeds, according to a UC Riverside study.
	Scientists' research on RNA editing illuminates possible lifesaving treatments for genetic diseases A team at Montana State University published research this month that shows how RNA, the close chemical cousin to DNA, can be edited using CRISPRs. The work reveals a new process in human cells that has potential for treating a wide variety of genetic diseases.
	Cartilage healing discovery in animal models could lead to new human therapies Researchers hope their discovery about the healing properties of fetal cartilage cells in mice will lay the groundwork for new treatments for human growth disorders and degenerative diseases.
	Fruit fly helps unlock clues about how organs, tissue and cancer grow The fruit fly, Drosophila, has been used by scientists for more than 100 years to unravel key features of life on Earth, such as how animals respond to the sun and how the bodies of animals are patterned from head to tail.
	Research shows baby bird development harmed by sound of cars A new study by Deakin researchers, published in Science, proves that traffic noise exposure in baby birds directly interferes with their development, which causes severe and long-lasting harm to those chicks.
	Scientists reveal how SID-1 recognizes dsRNA and initiates systemic RNA interference RNA interference (RNAi) is a fascinating biological process in worms, plants, fungi, and metazoans that has been a valuable tool for studying gene function and as therapeutics.
	Quantum fiber optics in the brain enhance processing, may protect against degenerative diseases The effects of quantum mechanics—the laws of physics that apply at exceedingly small scales—are extremely sensitive to disturbances. This is why quantum computers must be held at temperatures colder than outer space, and only very, very small objects, such as atoms and molecules, generally display quantum properties.
	Vaccinia virus: New insights into the structure and function of the poxvirus prototype An outbreak of infections with the mpox virus—formerly known as monkeypox—in Europe in 2022 led to a rise in interest in poxviruses. An international research team has now investigated the structure of the poxvirus prototype, the vaccinia virus (VACV). The work is published in the journal Nature Structural & Molecular Biology.
	European Bison can adapt well to the Mediterranean climate of southern Spain, analysis suggests A study published in Biodiversity and Conservation which involved the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) has conducted a comparative analysis, for the first time, of the feeding of three large herbivores, the European bison (Bison bonasus), the red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the fallow deer (Dama dama), all of which coexist in Mediterranean forests.
	Fading lights: Comprehensive study unveils multiple threats to North America's firefly populations A study conducted by the University of Kentucky Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Bucknell University; Penn State University; and the USDA has shed light on the precarious situation facing firefly populations across North America. The study's results identified multiple factors impacting their numbers, offering a deep dive into how shifting environmental and human factors influence these iconic insects.
	Novel mechanisms for cleavage-independent activation of gasdermins revealed Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by the gasdermin (GSDM) protein family, which plays important roles in the body's defense against pathogen infection, elimination of abnormal or harmful cells, and other processes. GSDMs are an evolutionarily conserved class of pore-forming proteins that are widely distributed among various bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, and all vertebrates.
	Machine learning classifies 191 of the world's most damaging viruses Researchers from the University of Waterloo have successfully classified 191 previously unidentified astroviruses using a new machine learning-enabled classification process.
	Long snouts protect foxes when they dive headfirst into snow, study finds When hunting for mice in winter, red and Arctic fox are known to plunge headfirst at speeds of 2–4 meters per second, but their sharp noses reduce the impact force in snow and protect them from injury, according to a new Cornell University study.
	'Sour Patch' adults: 1 in 8 grown-ups love extreme tartness, study shows For most people, biting into a lemon would leave them puckered up and desperate to lose that sour flavor, but a new study by Penn State researchers revealed that roughly one in eight adults like intensely sour sensations. The cross-cultural study, recently published in the journal Food Quality and Preference, demonstrated there is a subset of "sour likers" who enjoy exceptionally sour foods.
	Researchers discover new lantibiotic produced by staphylococci Researchers at the University Hospital Bonn (UKB), the University of Bonn, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) have discovered a new lantibiotic, namely epilancin A37. It is produced by staphylococci that colonize the skin and act specifically against their main competitor there, the corynebacteria.
	The first glow-in-the-dark animals may have been ancient corals deep in the ocean Many animals can glow in the dark. Fireflies famously blink on summer evenings. But most animals that light up are found in the depths of the ocean.
	Species living closely together in symbiosis is far older and way more common than you might think Once known only to those studying biology, the word symbiosis is now widely used. Symbiosis is the intimate relationship of different species living together. It's much more common and older than many of us might realize.
	Longer-lasting ozone holes over Antarctica expose seal pups and penguin chicks to much more UV Over the last 25 years, the ozone hole which forming over Antarctica each spring has started to shrink.
	Researchers spent two years in deep underground caves to bring this extraordinary fossil to light Pitch-black darkness. Crushing squeezes, muddy passages, icy waterfalls. Bats and spiders. Abseiling over ledges into the unknown. How far would you go for a fossil?
	Cicadas will soon descend on Las Vegas—but not the ones you think Every year, when spring bleeds into summer, the desert heat awakes a chorus of Las Vegas singers that rival any residency you'll find on the Strip—cicadas.
	A Flamingo flock inspires hope: Have the rare birds returned to the Everglades for good? For the last century, flamingos in Florida were more likely to be spotted on T-shirts and cups in a souvenir shop than flapping around in the wild.
	Walrus dies from bird flu on Arctic island: Researcher The first case of a walrus dying from bird flu has been detected on one of Norway's Arctic islands, a researcher said Monday.
	Satellite maps boost mangrove conservation in China Mangroves are vital ecosystems along coastlines, providing essential services such as coastal protection, biodiversity enhancement, and carbon sequestration. Despite their critical importance, effective management of these areas is often hampered by the challenges of acquiring accurate, species-specific data.
	Climate change reveals intricate dynamics of reproductive barriers in marine species Monash University scientists have uncovered insights into how rising temperatures influence the reproductive interactions and species boundaries of marine organisms.
	Better reservoir management could aid food security and fisheries conservation in US After nearly a century of people building dams on most of the world's major rivers, artificial reservoirs now represent an immense freshwater footprint across the landscape. Yet, these reservoirs are understudied and overlooked for their fisheries production and management potential, indicates a study from the University of California, Davis.
	UV light treats beet disease and combats fungicide resistance Germicidal ultraviolet light is effective at killing a damaging fungus that infects table beets, adding an important organic tool to fight the growing problem of fungicide resistance, according to a new Cornell study.
	Plant science research paves the way for deeper understanding of how the plant immune system functions Researchers in the laboratory of Tessa Burch-Smith, Ph.D. at the Danforth Plant Science Center and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, are conducting pioneering work to discover how plants transmit information, important molecules, and viruses between cells.
	African farmers look to the past and the future to address climate change From ancient fertilizer methods in Zimbabwe to new greenhouse technology in Somalia, farmers across the heavily agriculture-reliant African continent are looking to the past and future to respond to climate change.
	Climate change, Brexit threaten to wilt Dutch tulips Arjan Smit gazes out over his tulip fields, a riot of red and pink flowers he has cultivated all his adult life and part of a family business his grandfather started in 1940.
	The giant sheep helping Tajikistan weather climate change In the hills outside the Tajik capital Dushanbe, shepherd Bakhtior Sharipov was watching over his flock of giant Hissar sheep.
	Bird flu confirmed in Colorado dairy cows as outbreak spreads The U.S. Department of Agriculture found bird flu in northeast Colorado dairy cows this week, according to state officials.
	Wildlife officials confirm fourth gray wolf attack in Colorado´s Grand County Colorado Parks and Wildlife confirmed a fourth gray wolf depredation in Grand County on Sunday, according to the confirmed gray wolf depredation information.
	Say goodbye to garlic breath with odor-free black garlic Garlic breath could be a thing of the past, thanks to a University of Queensland collaboration helping promote odorless black garlic in mainstream Australia.
	Whale encounters in Mexico highlight need for global humpback research investment Australia's East Coast will soon see the arrival of thousands of humpback whales on their northward migration to warmer waters.
	Taking the bite out of snake venom More effective treatments for snakebites that afflict millions of people worldwide every year are emerging from EU research.
	Scientists find microencapsulation technique boosts tea tree oil efficiency for sustainable applications In a study published in the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, a team of scientists led by Peifu Kong has successfully prepared tea tree oil-beta-cyclodextrin (TTO-β-CD) microcapsules with an unprecedented high encapsulation efficiency.

Medicine and Health news

	Study suggests that stevia is the most brain-compatible sugar substitute Given the known risks of consuming high amounts of sugar, today many people are looking for alternative sweeteners that produce a similar taste without prompting significant weight gain and causing other health issues. While research suggests that the brain can tell the difference between different sweet substances, the neural processes underlying this ability to tell sweeteners apart remain poorly understood.
	Research shows 'profound' link between dietary choices and brain health A recent study published in Nature Mental Health shows that a healthy, balanced diet is linked to superior brain health, cognitive function and mental well-being. The study, involving researchers at the University of Warwick, sheds light on how our food preferences not only influence physical health but also significantly impact brain health.
	After 25 years, researchers uncover genetic cause of rare neurological disease Some families call it a trial of faith. Others just call it a curse. The progressive neurological disease known as spinocerebellar ataxia 4 (SCA4) is a rare condition, but its effects on patients and their families can be severe. For most people, the first sign is difficulty walking and balancing, which gets worse as time progresses. The symptoms usually start in a person's forties or fifties but can begin as early as the late teens. There is no known cure. And, until now, there was no known cause.
	Researchers from Denmark and Germany find brown fat's 'off-switch' Brown fat, also known as brown adipose tissue (BAT), is a type of fat in our bodies that's different from the white fat around our belly and thighs that we are more familiar with. Brown fat has a special job—it helps to burn calories from the foods that we eat into heat, which can be helpful, especially when we're exposed to cold temperatures like during winter swimming or cryotherapy.
	Healthy lifestyle may offset effects of life-shortening genes by more than 60% A healthy lifestyle may offset the effects of life-shortening genes by more than 60%, suggests an analysis of the findings from several large long-term studies, published online in the journal BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine.
	Microarray patches safe and effective for vaccinating children, trial shows A Phase I/II randomized trial compared results from the measles and rubella vaccine delivered by a microarray patch, a small sticking plaster-like device with an array of microscopic projections that painlessly penetrate the skin and deliver the vaccine, or by conventional injection with a needle and syringe.
	Macaque study sheds light on brain's perception of static images We may not realize it, but our eyes constantly make rapid movements—two to three per second—even when we're looking at the same spot. Yet despite these frequent eye movements, we still perceive what we see as a stable whole.
	Scientists discover key bacterium that maintains protective intestinal mucus barrier under low-fiber diet A low-fiber "Western diet" causes damage to the protective mucus barrier in the gut, and such damage can increase the risk of inflammation and infection. By studying the gut bacteria of people who increased their intake of dietary fiber, researchers at Umeå University have found that the intestinal bacterium Blautia plays a key role in protecting the mucus barrier. The results are published in the journal Nature Communications.
	Study uncovers the mechanism that avoids conflicts in the activity of brain stem cells Researchers have discovered the mechanism which allows adult brain stem cells to express genes that maintain their identity and those for neuronal differentiation without conflicts in cellular activity. Furthermore, this mechanism enables stem cells to be prepared to respond to differentiation signals readily.
	Frequent teen vaping might boost risk of toxic lead and uranium exposure Frequent teen vaping might boost the risk of exposure to lead and uranium, potentially harming brain and organ development, suggests research published online in the journal Tobacco Control.
	Scientists develop new organoid model to study thymus function Researchers from the Organoid group have developed a new organoid model that can be used to study the thymus. The organoids are derived from mouse thymus tissue, specifically model thymic epithelial cells (TECs). These cells are responsible for training the T cells of the immune system to properly respond to pathogens.
	Experimental drug shields pancreas from type 1 diabetes attack Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine say that an experimental monoclonal antibody drug called mAb43 appears to prevent and reverse the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes in mice, and in some cases, to lengthen the animals' lifespan.
	Pandemic fatigue and vaccine hesitancy continue to affect global public health, new 23-country study finds While it found that global uptake of at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose was robust, a new survey published in Nature Medicine revealed mixed signals about the current acceptance of vaccines generally, especially COVID-19 boosters.
	Blood samples enhance B-cell lymphoma diagnostics and prognosis, study shows A recently completed study indicates that circulatory protein levels can provide important information for increasingly accurate diagnoses and personalized care in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Researchers at the University of Helsinki identified a specific protein profile linked to more severe disease.
	Researchers look at genetic clues to depression in more than 14,000 people The core experiences of depression—changes in energy, activity, thinking and mood—have been described for more than 10,000 years. The word "depression" has been used for about 350 years.
	Nature's nudge: Study shows green views lead to healthier food choices Natural scenery typically conjures up positive emotions and a sense of well-being for most individuals. A new study by INSEAD shows that verdant views can also nudge people to pick healthier food.
	Researchers discover enzymes that open new path to universal donor blood The quest to develop universal donor blood has taken a decisive step forward. Researchers at DTU and Lund University have discovered enzymes that, when mixed with red blood cells, are able to remove specific sugars that make up the A and B antigens in the human ABO blood groups. The results have been published in the journal Nature Microbiology.
	Cancer cell–immune cell interactions can predict immunotherapy response By examining which genes were turned on and off in a mix of cell types from breast cancer biopsies, a team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers developed a tool that can accurately predict which patients with breast cancer will respond to immunotherapies.
	Laws requiring doctors to report a dementia diagnosis to the DMV may backfire Some states require that physicians report a diagnosis of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, to the DMV. A new study suggests these mandates may have unintended consequences.
	Protein responsible for genetic inflammatory disease identified A team of researchers led by Dr. Hirotsugu Oda at the University of Cologne's CECAD Cluster of Excellence for Aging Research has discovered the role a specific protein complex plays in certain forms of immune dysregulation. The result may lead to new therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing autoinflammation and "repairing" the immune systems of patients who suffer from a genetic dysfunction of this protein complex.
	New method rapidly reveals how protein modifications power T cells Imagine riding a bike. Now imagine riding a bike with an enormous beach ball stuck on your handlebars. That "modification" might change your experience quite a bit. In our cells, molecules called phosphate groups are constantly attaching to—or detaching from—proteins. These "post-translational modifications" alter how our proteins function.
	Kaposi sarcoma discovery and mouse model could facilitate drug development Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, after decades of research efforts, have developed a mouse model of Kaposi sarcoma that could be key to the development of new drugs to treat the disease. Kaposi sarcoma is a cancer that is the most common cancer in people living with HIV.
	Study in Haiti suggests early-onset heart failure is prevalent form of heart disease in low-income countries Early-onset heart failure is alarmingly common in urban Haiti—over 15-fold higher than previously estimated—according to a study conducted by Weill Cornell Medicine researchers in partnership with the Haitian medical organization GHESKIO. Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle can no longer pump an adequate amount of blood throughout the body.
	Blood test might someday diagnose early MS An early marker of multiple sclerosis could help doctors figure out who will eventually fall prey to the degenerative nerve disease, a new study says.
	More doctors can prescribe a leading addiction treatment. Why aren't more people getting help? It's easier than ever for doctors to prescribe a key medicine for opioid addiction since the U.S. government lifted an obstacle last year. But despite the looser restrictions and the ongoing overdose crisis, a new study finds little change in the number of people taking the medication.
	People with opioid use disorder less likely to receive palliative care at end of life, finds study Compared with people without opioid use disorder, those with opioid use disorder were less likely to receive palliative care in clinics and in their homes, and were dying at younger ages of causes other than opioid use, according to new research published in Canadian Medical Association Journal.
	Positive childhood experiences can boost mental health and reduce depression and anxiety in teens There is an urgent need to "bring back the village" post-pandemic to support teens and foster a sense of community belonging for young people, says a Simon Fraser University researcher.
	Location, location, location: How geography acts as a structural determinant of health In unincorporated communities in the United States-Mexico borderlands, historically and socially marginalized populations become invisible to the health care system, showing that geography acts as a structural determinant of health for low-income populations. So concludes a study by a University of California, Riverside, team that focused its attention on the borderland in Southern California, specifically, eastern Coachella Valley.
	Study finds big jump in addiction treatment at community health clinics The number of health care professionals able to write a prescription for a key medication to treat addiction quadrupled at community health clinics from 2016 to 2021, according to a new study by researchers at Oregon Health & Science University.
	Component of keto diet plus immunotherapy may reduce prostate cancer Adding a pre-ketone supplement—a component of a high-fat, low-carb ketogenic diet—to a type of cancer therapy in a laboratory setting was highly effective for treating prostate cancer, researchers from the University of Notre Dame found.
	Pasteurized milk 'safe' from bird flu: US officials Milk sold in US stores is "safe" from the bird flu because pasteurization effectively kills the disease, American health authorities said Friday, following spread of the infection among herds of cows.
	'Vampire facials' were linked to cases of HIV. Here's what to know about the beauty treatment Three women were diagnosed with HIV after getting "vampire facial" procedures at an unlicensed New Mexico medical spa, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a report last week, marking the first documented cases of people contracting the virus through cosmetic services using needles.
	Gains in heart failure mortality have been erased Declines in heart failure-related mortality from 1999 to 2012 were entirely reversed from 2012 to 2021, according to a research letter published online April 24 in JAMA Cardiology.
	AI shows good clinical knowledge, reasoning for eye issues Large language models (LLMs) are approaching expert-level knowledge and reasoning skills in ophthalmology, according to a study published online April 17 in PLOS Digital Health.
	Talking to teens about sex: Advice for parents on when, how, what to say and why it's so important The "birds and the bees." The "facts of life." Whatever you call it, many parents dread discussing sex and sexuality with their teenagers. They may be embarrassed, or worried that they don't understand some concepts. In some countries, cultural norms may mean it's considered inappropriate for adults and adolescents to talk about sex.
	Why women caregivers need more support to manage their responsibilities and well-being In societies worldwide, women are frequently expected to assume the role of primary caregivers, and too often, that means putting the well-being of others before their own. This expectation transcends cultural boundaries and manifests in various forms.
	Fentanyl inhalation may cause potentially irreversible brain damage, warn doctors Inhaling the synthetic opioid fentanyl may cause potentially irreversible brain damage (toxic leukoencephalopathy), warn doctors in the journal BMJ Case Reports, after treating a middle-aged man found unresponsive in his hotel room after snorting the drug.
	The aspirin conundrum: Navigating negative results, age, aging dynamics and equity A new study examining the role of aspirin in breast cancer treatment reveals critical issues related to health equity and aging that have broad implications for cancer and other disease intervention trials, say researchers from Georgetown University's Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center. They outline their concerns in an editorial accompanying the study's findings published April 29 in JAMA.
	Cancer screening rates significantly lower in US federally qualified health centers, study finds A national study led by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of New Mexico (UNM) Comprehensive Cancer Center found major gaps in breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening use in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in the U.S., relative to overall screening rates in the country.
	Varying performance between different mechanical cardiac valves evaluated by researchers Researchers at the Thoracic Surgery research group, the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, have performed a study of patients who underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement in Sweden between 2003 and 2018.
	What is pathological demand avoidance? "Charlie" is an eight-year-old child with autism. Her parents are worried because she often responds to requests with insults, aggression and refusal. Simple demands, such as being asked to get dressed, can trigger an intense need to control the situation, fights and meltdowns.
	Your AI therapist is not your therapist: The dangers of relying on AI mental health chatbots With current physical and financial barriers to accessing care, people with mental health conditions may turn to artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots for mental health relief or aid. Although they have not been approved as medical devices by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or Health Canada, the appeal to use such chatbots may come from their 24/7 availability, personalized support and marketing of cognitive behavioral therapy.
	Study shows ChatGPT failed when challenging guideline for treating brain abscesses With artificial intelligence (AI) poised to become a fundamental part of clinical research and decision making, many still question the accuracy of ChatGPT, a sophisticated AI language model, to support complex diagnostic and treatment processes.
	The continuous dangers that polio and the other enteroviruses pose Consistently high vaccination rates and global health surveillance programs have helped eliminate poliomyelitis (polio) in almost all countries of the world, except Afghanistan and Pakistan. Yet non-polio enteroviruses can also lead to the same devastating symptoms of 'acute flaccid paralysis' (AFP), but the world is lacking formal surveillance systems to trace and control these viruses with paralytic potential.
	Global measles cases almost double in a year, say researchers Measles outbreaks are still occurring and in some cases increasing, among a wide variety of countries, raising concerns of an acceleration similar to just before the COVID pandemic. Dr. Patrick O'Connor, of WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland gave an overview of the global measles situation at this year's ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID—Barcelona, 27–30 April), while Professor Hanna Nohynek of the Health Security Section, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland looks at the path to elimination, including successful elimination in WHO's America's region.
	Research finds negativity about vaccines surged on Twitter after COVID-19 shots became available There was a marked increase in negativity about vaccines on Twitter after COVID-19 vaccines became available, according to a presentation at the ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27–30 April).
	Cervical cancer vaccine roll-out shows efficacy in reducing cervical cancer and other HPV-related disease With the creation of safe and efficacious vaccines to target human papillomavirus in the first decade of this century, WHO has an ambitious target to lower cervical cancer incidence (mostly caused by HPV) and mortality by 30% by 2030, meaning each country has a target of vaccinating 90% of girls by age 15, 70% of women receiving a high precision screening test at least at age 35 and 45 years of age, and 90% of all women requiring treatment at any age to receive it.
	Tick-borne Powassan virus reported in Massachusetts A confirmed case of the tick-borne Powassan virus has been reported in the Bay State, according to officials who are warning residents to take precautions against the disease.
	The path to a better tuberculosis vaccine runs through Montana A team of Montana researchers is playing a key role in the development of a more effective vaccine against tuberculosis, an infectious disease that has killed more people than any other.
	Antenatal corticosteroids do not negatively impact offspring, finds study Administration of antenatal corticosteroids to persons at risk for late preterm delivery is not associated with adverse childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 6 years or older, according to a study published online April 24 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
	Electroconvulsive therapy found to be safe, effective for range of serious mental illnesses Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for serious mental illness, according to a study presented at the annual congress of the European Psychiatric Association, held from April 6 to 9 in Budapest, Hungary.
	Cabozantinib promising for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma For patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma, cabozantinib shows promising efficacy, according to a study published online April 9 in The Lancet Oncology.
	Study finds resistance to critically important antibiotics in uncooked meat sold for human and animal consumption New research presented at the ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27–30 April) has found substantial levels of resistance to critically-important antibiotics in meat sold for human and animal consumption. The study is by Dr. Jordan Sealey, Professor Matthew Avison and colleagues from the University of Bristol, UK.
	Syphilis is increasingly displaying atypical, severe symptoms Syphilis cases are on the rise in the United States, and doctors in Chicago say they are increasingly seeing cases that don't display typical symptoms, such as rash or skin ulcers.
	Smokers, former smokers may gain from switch to plant-based diet Current and former smokers might lower their risk for emphysema if they adopt a highly nutritional plant-based diet, a new study shows.
	Pathfinders for Autism helps people with autism, families navigate diagnosis One of Rebecca Rienzi's favorite stories to tell about Pathfinders for Autism—the Baltimore County nonprofit where she has been executive director since 2010—happened at the National Aquarium in the Inner Harbor.
	People with acute calcium pyrophosphate face doubled risk for fracture Fracture risk is nearly doubled in individuals with acute calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal arthritis, according to a study recently published in Arthritis & Rheumatology.
	Less alcohol, or none at all, is one path to better health It's wine time. Beer Thirty. Happy hour. Five o'clock somewhere.
	Researchers explore new cell target for cystic fibrosis treatment A team of University of Saskatchewan (USask) researchers are exploring the role of a newly identified cell type in cystic fibrosis (CF), which could lead to effective new types of treatment.
	Home vision tests offer limited diagnostic accuracy for neovascular AMD No home-monitoring vision test has the diagnostic accuracy of hospital eye service follow-up clinics to identify active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), according to a study published online April 25 in JAMA Ophthalmology.
	Nutritional interventions for moderate- to late-preterm infants show no effect Routine nutrition interventions to support moderate- to late-preterm infants until full nutrition with mother's breast milk does not impact outcomes, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Multisite QI collaborative increases appropriate pediatric antibiotic use A multisite collaborative increases appropriate antibiotic use for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections, according to a study published online April 29 in Pediatrics.
	Trial shows lower dose of mpox vaccine is safe, generates six-week antibody response equivalent to standard regimen A dose-sparing intradermal mpox vaccination regimen was safe and generated an antibody response equivalent to that induced by the standard regimen at six weeks (two weeks after the second dose), according to findings presented at the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Global Congress in Barcelona. The results suggest that antibody responses contributed to the effectiveness of dose-sparing mpox vaccine regimens used during the 2022 U.S. outbreak.
	Curbing the price of novel diabetes and obesity medications For years, Kasia Lipska, MD, MHS, associate professor of medicine (endocrinology) at Yale School of Medicine (YSM), has been advocating for affordable pricing of insulin, an essential —and sometimes lifesaving—drug for many individuals with diabetes. Now, she is turning her attention to a similar trend of soaring prices among new diabetes and obesity medications.
	Stem cells improve memory, reduce inflammation in Alzheimer's mouse brains When people think of Alzheimer's Disease and possible treatment, amyloid—and the accumulation of plaques that invade the cerebral cortex—is often brought up first. However, scientists are finding that Alzheimer's is influenced by many factors, including neuroinflammation and disrupted metabolism.
	Polyamorous youth report facing stigma, heightened levels of depression While increasingly visible among adults, polyamory also exists among adolescents, and as a new study indicates, so does the stigma that can come with it.
	Brain function of older adults catching up with younger generations, finds study According to research by Nottingham Trent University, the brain function of older generations is improving, with the gap between old and young healthy adults lessening.
	Meta-analysis finds cardio-fitness cuts death and disease by nearly 20% Running, cycling, or swimming—if you regularly exercise, you're well on track for a long and healthy life, as new research from the University of South Australia finds that an increased cardio fitness level will reduce your risk of death from any cause.
	Online treatment as effective as face-to-face for kids with anxiety, study finds An online program to help children and teenagers beat anxiety has been shown to be as effective in the long term as treatment with a therapist, potentially improving access to care while saving families money.
	Researchers determine ideal daily balance of sitting, sleeping, standing and being active for optimal health An international team has analyzed the behaviors of more than 2,000 people within a 24-hour day to determine the optimal amount of time we should spend sitting, sleeping, standing and being physically active within a 24-hour period for optimal health.
	Study finds injuries from e-bike accidents are more serious than in bicycle accidents A study at the USZ compared the head injury patterns of e-bike accident victims with those of motorcycle and bicycle accidents. Head injuries after crashes with e-bikes are often more serious than in accidents with bicycles.
	Study reveals interaction mechanism between intestinal microbial environment and tumor immune microenvironment Colorectal cancer stands as one of the leading malignancies in the digestive system, ranking third and second in terms of new cases among men and women worldwide, respectively. Given the high incidence of this disease and the low response rate to immunotherapy, it is imperative to identify the environmental impeding factors to devise more precise and effective therapeutic strategies.
	Researchers uncover molecular mechanism of natural killer cell dysfunction in Hodgkin lymphoma A multidisciplinary research team comprising the Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD, Griffith University), Mater Research (based at the Translational Research Institute) and The University of Queensland's (UQ) Frazer Institute, have made a breakthrough discovery in the body's immune response to the blood cancer Hodgkin Lymphoma.
	Parents are key to tackling kids' picky eating, according to research findings Five years of UniSC-led research into the pesky problem of picky eating by children suggests that therapists should focus more on empowering parents to ease family angst at the dinner table.
	'I can't do another day': Research spotlights women's experiences of maternal suicide attempts Researchers at King's College London conducted extensive interviews with women who attempted suicide during pregnancy or shortly after giving birth. They found three key themes in women's experiences that could help to identify and support those at risk of a maternal suicide.
	Immune cell interaction study unlocks novel treatment targets for chikungunya virus Researchers have long known that the body's immune system plays a critical role in fighting off chikungunya virus (CHIKV), but how exactly immune cells coordinate their response has been a mystery—until now.
	Researchers suggest expanding health equity by including nursing home residents in clinical trials Clinical trials are constantly being designed and study participants enrolled to determine if medical treatments and therapies are safe and effective. Much has been written about the importance of including diverse populations in these trials.
	Uptick in New York transit assault rate during pandemic has not returned to pre-pandemic levels despite safety plan Has the New York City subway become less safe? This is the question Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health researchers sought to answer in their newest paper investigating rates of complaints to and arrests by the New York City Police Department Transit Bureau. The findings showed that anxieties related to crime on New York City transit rose following NYC's COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency declaration in 2020, leading to declines in subway ridership.
	Study reveals higher injury and assault rates among New York City food delivery gig workers dependent on the work A study published in the Journal of Urban Health by a team of CUNY researchers finds that food delivery gig workers in New York City face a high risk of injury and assault, particularly those dependent on gig work as their main job. The study analyzes data from a survey of 1,650 delivery workers, collected between October and December 2021 by the New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection.
	Snake bites in Paraguay: An occupational health problem Young men working in agricultural or livestock settings are the most affected by snakebites, according to research in Paraguay based on data from the last six years. The study, led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) highlights the importance of collecting more and better data to estimate the true burden of this neglected disease.
	Racist and heterosexist state policies and policing may be increasing Black suicide risk Discriminatory legal policies and policing that benefit white heterosexual people may be fueling suicidal ideation and behavior within Black LGBQ communities, Rutgers Health researchers have found.
	AI algorithms can determine how well newborns nurse, study shows A modified pacifier and AI algorithms to analyze the data it produces could determine if newborns are learning the proper mechanics of nursing, a recent study shows.
	Study finds school entry requirements linked to increased HPV vaccination rates A new study from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine shows that school entry requirements are linked to an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations.
	Quantitative study assesses how gender and race impact young athletes' perceptions of their coaches Across the U.S., there are over 8 million student-athletes in high school and college. Engaging in sports can contribute to physical, mental, and social benefits, and coaches can play a key role in student-athletes' continued participation in sports.
	Research reveals link between fitness, health behaviors, built environment in largest US cities Two new studies from the Fairbanks School of Public Health on Indiana University's Indianapolis campus examined the link between health behaviors, the built environment, and the health status of America's largest cities.
	Study finds health care providers play crucial role in guiding autistic adolescents and their families into adulthood Health care providers are a vital resource for autistic adolescents and their families as they prepare for the transition to adulthood, which may include learning to drive, according to a new study from researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), recently published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
	Pathogens including multi-drug resistant superbugs found on floors, ceilings and door handles of UK hospital toilets Pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including multi-drug resistant "superbugs" have been found on the floors, ceilings, door handles and other surfaces of hospital toilets in the UK, with patient toilets the worst affected, the ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27-30 April) will hear.
	Researchers develop microplastic-free transparent mask The Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) has introduced a new solution in the form of a transparent mask, addressing concerns surrounding microplastic pollution and harmful solvents of conventional fibrous masks.
	Researchers introduce ten-minute breath test to monitor antibiotic concentrations Exhaled breath may be very promising alternative to blood for the therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics, the ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27-30 April) will hear.
	Researchers discover the mechanism that links a diet rich in fats with Alzheimer's disease A study led by the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) has revealed the mechanism behind the link between a diet high in saturated fats and Alzheimer's disease. The research focused on how this kind of diet affects certain molecules found in the blood and in other tissues such as the brain that act as markers and regulators of the disease.
	Research shows link between pollution and heart risks in residents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil The relationship between living in a polluted city like São Paulo (Brazil) and lung disease or cancer is well known. But the problems go further. Unprecedented research shows that long-term exposure to air pollution is directly linked to increased heart risks in residents of the capital of the state of the same name. People with high blood pressure are at even greater risk.
	Olympic deal shows bubbling market for zero-alcohol beers For the first time this summer, as sportswomen and men strive for victory in Paris, spectators will be able to sip the official beer of an Olympic Games.
	Philips settles US sleep machine cases for $1.1 billion Dutch medical device maker Philips said Monday it had reached a $1.1 billion deal to settle US lawsuits over faulty sleep machines that have dogged the company.
	Last chance for global pandemic agreement talks Countries returned to the negotiating table Monday for one last push to conclude an international agreement on how to handle future pandemics, with the most likely outcome being a slimmed-down accord that shelves some of the thorniest issues.
	Cholera cases on French island of Mayotte grow to 26 Mayotte, a French island in the Indian Ocean, said Sunday it had identified a total of 26 cases of cholera, stretching its care capabilities to the limit.
	Have smartphones created an 'anxious generation'? Social psychologist sounds the alarm The social psychologist Jonathan Haidt's new book The Anxious Generation delivers an urgent call for action.
	Unsheltered people are losing Medicaid in redetermination mix-ups On a cold February morning at the Flathead Warming Center, Tashya Evans waited for help with her Medicaid application as others at the shelter got ready for the day in this northwestern Montana city.
	Georgia becomes focus of maternal health discussion with visit from Biden administration The Biden administration is confronting the country's worsening maternal mortality rate with visits to multiple states, including Georgia on Monday, to focus attention on women's access to health care.
	What to know about malaria Malaria is caused by a single-celled parasite of the genus Plasmodium. The parasite is transmitted to humans most commonly through mosquito bites. The malaria parasites enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver. When the parasites mature, they leave the liver and infect red blood cells. This is when people typically develop malaria symptoms.
	Pediatrician offers advice on how to help your child avoid the pitfalls of perfectionism Every parent wants their child to be successful in life. But young people sometimes set excessively high standards for themselves. If something they do isn't flawless, they may become overly self-critical. Their pursuit of perfection can become unhealthy and actually interfere with what they want to accomplish.
	How LA County is trying to remake addiction treatment—no more 'business as usual' Gary Horejsi wrestled with the decision before him, knowing a life could be in his hands. It was the third time that the woman had used drugs or alcohol since coming to CRI-Help, which runs a 135-bed residential facility in North Hollywood where people are treated for substance use disorder.
	Biden administration delays menthol cigarette ban A long-awaited ban on menthol cigarettes has been delayed indefinitely, the Biden administration said Friday.
	FDA brings lab tests under federal oversight in bid to improve accuracy and safety Makers of medical tests that have long escaped government oversight will have about four years to show that their new offerings deliver accurate results, under a government rule vigorously opposed by the testing industry.
	Study explores better ways to deliver urgent health alerts to different linguistic groups Even though Australia has good quality translation and interpreting services, people who speak languages other than English still struggle to access timely and high quality information that is essential to their health and well-being.
	3D printed surgical implants may support cures for blindness, chronic pain and neurological diseases Clever bio-inks that sit inside the human body and restore damaged neurons could cure a whole swathe of diseases in the next 20 years: conditions that have baffled scientists and clinicians for centuries. Think blindness, deafness, chronic pain, epilepsy, motor neuron disease, and Parkinson's disease.

Other Sciences news

	DNA study of Avar cemetery remains reveals network of large pedigrees and social practices An international team of archaeologists and archaeogenetics specialists, working with the Hungarian National Museum, has discovered a network of Avar pedigrees and community social practices after conducting a DNA study of the remains of people who once lived in what is now a part of Hungary.
	Ancient Maya blessed their ballcourts: Researchers find evidence of ceremonial offerings in Mexico For sports fans, places like Fenway Park, Wembley Stadium or Wimbledon's Centre Court are practically hallowed ground.
	Prehistoric Irish monuments may have been pathways for the dead Archaeologists have used advanced lidar technology to discover hundreds of monuments in the famous prehistoric landscape of Baltinglass, Ireland, revealing insights into the ritual activities of the farming communities that occupied the area.
	Best of Last Week—new evidence for Planet 9, printing a house, a new way to deliver antibiotics It was a good week for space science, as a small team of scientists from the California Institute of Technology, Université Côte d'Azur and Southwest Research Institute reported possible new evidence of Planet 9. They found long-period objects crossing Neptune's orbit that exhibited irregular movements during their journey. Also, a group at MIT announced that they had detected a new molecule in space—a type of 2-methoxyethanol. And an engineering team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, reported that Voyager 1 had resumed sending updates back to Earth regarding its health and status.
	Isotopic evidence reveals surprising dietary practices of ancient hunter-gatherers It has long been thought that meat played an important role in the diet of hunter-gatherers before the Neolithic transition. However, due to the scarcity of well-preserved human remains from Paleolithic sites, little information exists about the dietary habits of pre-agricultural human groups.
	It's all in the smile: New research finds politicians can influence voters with facial expressions New research led by Aston University's Dr. Carl Senior has found that the type of smile used by a political leader can influence voters to support them and their political agenda. The research is published in the journal PLOS ONE.
	Theoretical biologists test two modes of social reasoning and find surprising truths in simplicity Imagine a small village where every action someone takes, good or bad, is quietly followed by ever-attentive, nosy neighbors. An individual's reputation is built through these actions and observations, which determines how others will treat them. They help a neighbor and are likely to receive help from others in return; they turn their back on a neighbor and find themselves isolated. But what happens when people make mistakes, when good deeds go unnoticed, or errors lead to unjust blame?
	Tibetan plateau had broader social dimensions than previously thought, suggests study The Tibetan plateau—the world's highest and largest plateau—poses a challenge to the people who live there because of its extreme climate. In a new study, researchers have discovered stone artifacts that suggest that there were more cultural exchanges between those who lived on the plateau and those living on its perimeter.
	US labor market can affect 'people who are not even here' That the job market in Phoenix can affect a child's education in Mexico may strain credulity, but it's nevertheless true, according to a recent paper co-authored by Brian Cadena, a University of Colorado Boulder associate professor of economics.
	How literature teachers can create anti-racist classrooms Many schools say anti-racism and equity initiatives matter for quality education, yet specific plans are often wanting. In 2023, the not-for-profit organization People for Education reported that 73% of schools included anti-racism and equity in their school improvement plan, but only 28% of school boards actually have an anti-racism policy, strategy or approach.
	Is scientific discovery driven by great individuals or by great teams? "This isn't mine; this is one for the team," said Succession star Kieran Culkin as he accepted the Best Actor award at this year's Golden Globes. It's a familiar aspect of Hollywood awards speeches—a reminder that the stars dazzling us on screen could not exist without the people who support them. "It's been said, but it's a team effort, this show," said Succession creator Jesse Armstrong at the awards, underlining the same sentiment.
	Underwater cultural heritage: Studying 'orphaned objects' to work out which shipwrecks they came from A lot of the recent talk about maritime issues in Southeast Asia has focused on issues such as security, the Blue Economy, law enforcement and climate change. But there's one maritime challenge that's gone underdiscussed: underwater heritage.
	How maps are used and abused in times of conflict Maps, although seemingly objective representations of the world, hold immense power. They shape our understanding of space, navigate our journeys and define political boundaries. But beneath the veneer of neutrality lies a potential for manipulation.
	Under the influence and under arrest. What happens if you're drunk in the interrogation room? Imagine it's Friday night. You're enjoying happy hour with friends after a long week. You're relaxed, having indulged in several of your preferred adult beverages. Now, imagine that as you leave the bar, a police officer approaches. You're under arrest.
	'Invisible' consultants help companies write sustainability reports. Here's why that's a problem Around the world, more and more companies are publishing sustainability reports—public scorecards detailing their impacts on society and the environment.
	Group sales incentives boost weak brand sales, study finds New research co-authored by a UC Riverside business professor provides some sound advice for managers of retail outlets that limit their product selection to a particular brand: Managers should factor in the strength of their brand when structuring the pay incentives for their sales staff. The study, "Group or Individual Sales Incentives? What is Best for Brand-Managed Retail Sales Operations?" is published in the Journal of Marketing.
	Study finds food insecurity is significant among inhabitants of the region affected by the Belo Monte dam in Brazil The social and environmental impact of the Belo Monte dam and hydroelectric power plant in Pará state, Brazil, has been called a "disaster" by researchers, environmentalists and several media outlets. The damage has again been highlighted recently in an inspection report issued by the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), an agency of the Ministry for the Environment and Climate Change.
	Simulation makes the grade for teacher screening New research has found that simulations are an effective on-entry screening tool for teaching candidates, exposing university students to authentic classroom dynamics, increasing their confidence, and providing a safe learning environment. The study is published in the Journal of Education for Teaching.
	Study reveals hiring bias against former business owners Nearly 50% of new businesses fail within the first five years. Many former entrepreneurs apply for 9-to-5 jobs to get back on their feet, but new research reveals an unexpected obstacle: hiring discrimination.
	Most kids are only coached by men in junior sport—women also need to be part of the picture, say researchers Ask your son or daughter, niece, or nephew to draw you a picture of a sport coach. They will most probably draw a man. Why?
	People put greater trust in news that leads them to be more politically extreme, says study People not only think political news is likelier to be true if it reinforces their ideological biases, but will tend to trust news more if it leads them to adopt more extreme (and even incorrect) beliefs, finds a new study by a UCL researcher.
	New report explores worker experiences with climate-friendly New York state solar jobs New York state solar construction workers—whose numbers are expected to grow rapidly to meet climate goals—are transient, may not receive benefits and are subject to racial disparities in pay, finds a new report from the Climate Jobs Institute (CJI) at Cornell University.
	Intervention based on science of reading and math boosts comprehension and word problem-solving skills New research from the University of Kansas has found that an intervention based on the science of reading and math effectively helped English learners boost their comprehension, visualize and synthesize information, and make connections that significantly improved their math performance.
	Study reveals voter moral justifications for politicians' misstatements In a new study, researchers have used online surveys conducted primarily when Donald Trump was president to show that both Republican and Democratic voters provided explicit moral justification for politicians' statements that were factually inaccurate, especially when they aligned with their personal politics.
	Women should be included in decisions on the protection of human rights in the climate crisis, say researchers Eighty percent of climatic migrants are women and children. This figure means that a new international legal framework is required to protect human rights by adding gender-sensitive measures to policies and legislation. This is the claim made by Susana Borràs, a researcher from the University of Rovira's Department of Public Law in an article published in the journal Environmental Policy and Law, in which she discusses the complexities of perpetuating inequalities, vulnerabilities and the lack of protection of migrant women and children.
	Study finds AI tool opens data visualization to more students A new study from the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University published in the Journal of Business and Technical Communication shows that ChatGPT can help students create effective visualizations, but is not as helpful in providing data analysis.
	Australians are having fewer babies and the local-born population is about to shrink: Why it's not that scary Australians are having fewer babies, so many fewer that without international migration the population would be on track to decline in just over a decade.
	A mathematical bridge between the huge and the tiny A mathematical link between two key equations—one that deals with the very big and the other, the very small—has been developed by a young mathematician in China.

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