Science X Newsletter Mon, Apr 1

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 1, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Using a 2D perovskite oxide as a photoactive high-κ gate dielectric

An optimization-based method to enhance autonomous parking

A new strategy for fabricating high-density vertical organic electrochemical transistor arrays

JWST observations explore molecular outflows of a nearby merging galaxy

Tropical cyclones may be an unlikely ally in the battle against ocean hypoxia

A cosmic 'speed camera' just revealed the staggering speed of neutron star jets in a world first

Simple equations clarify cloud climate conundrum

Saturday Citations: 100-year-old milk, hot qubits and another banger from the Event Horizon Telescope project

Study documents safety, improvements from stem cell therapy after spinal cord injury

Researchers produce grafts that replicate the human ear

Study says since 1979 climate change has made heat waves last longer, spike hotter, hurt more people

OpenAI unveils voice-cloning tool

Curiosity rover searches for new clues about Mars' ancient water

Gmail revolutionized email 20 years ago. People thought it was Google's April Fool's Day joke

Romania center explores world's most powerful laser

Nanotechnology news

The role of interfacial amino acids in shaping bio-electronic communication between proteins Proteins are vital for facilitating charge transport (CT) chain reactions, both within individual proteins and between proteins. Understanding CT in proteins is crucial for biological processes and the development of bioelectronic devices. While previous research has focused on CT within proteins, less attention has been given to inter-protein CT. Recent studies suggest that specific interactions between proteins are stabilized by interfacial amino acids, potentially mediating CT between proteins.

Acids enable adhesive electrodes for thin, flexible supercapacitors Supercapacitors have the superb ability to capture and store energy. Researchers can use different materials and fabrication methods to make them flexible, thin and appropriate for use in wearable or implantable electronics, like smart watches or pacemakers, but those approaches tend to be intricate and costly. Now, however, a team from Jilin University in China has developed a kind of all-in-one adhesive electrode that solves one of the major issues facing advancing flexible 2D supercapacitors—making the components work synergistically.

Physics news

	Romania center explores world's most powerful laser "Ready? Signal sent!" In the control room of a research center in Romania, engineer Antonia Toma activates the world's most powerful laser, which promises revolutionary advances in everything from the health sector to space.
	Researchers reveal evidence of transition from ergodic toward ergodic breaking dynamics A collaborative research team has reported experimental evidence of a transition from ergodic toward ergodic breaking dynamics in driven-dissipative Rydberg atomic gases. The results were published in Science Advances.
	Researchers observe anomalously bright single-molecule upconversion electroluminescence phenomenon A research group has developed a new and highly efficient upconversion luminescence mechanism by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) induced luminescence to observe an extraordinarily bright single-molecule upconversion electroluminescence (UCEL) phenomenon for the first time. The results are published in Nature Communications.
	Old crystal, new story for enhancing deep ultraviolet laser performance In the realm of science and technology, harnessing coherent light sources in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) region holds immense significance across various applications such as lithography, defect inspection, metrology, and spectroscopy. Traditionally, high-power 193-nanometer (nm) lasers have been pivotal in lithography, forming an integral part of systems used for precise patterning. However, the coherence limitations associated with conventional ArF excimer lasers hinder their effectiveness in applications requiring high-resolution patterns, like interference lithography.
	'Frankenstein design' enables 3D printed neutron collimator The time-tested strategy of "divide and conquer" took on a new, high-tech meaning during neutron experiments by scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They discovered that the problems they faced while attempting to 3D print a one-piece collimator could be solved by instead developing a "Frankenstein design" involving multiple body parts—and some rather obvious scars.
	Team demonstrates an ultra-broadband tunable terahertz absorber of graphene and hierarchical plasmonic metamaterials Perfect absorption arises from the strong interaction of valence electrons with light in a conducting material. Optical metamaterial is an effective approach to exploit the superior photon capture capability. Thus, the perfect absorbers could be achieved by nanoscale resonant plasmonic and metamaterial structures.
	Research team realizes magnonic frequency comb The optical frequency comb, a spectrum of optical radiation composed of evenly spaced and phase-coherent narrow spectral lines, was initially developed for precise time and frequency measurements. Over the past two decades, it has shown broad application prospects in fields such as astronomy, cosmology, optical atomic clocks and quantum key distribution. However, the implementation of magnonic frequency combs for high-precision magnonic frequency measurements remains a challenge.
	Team creates cooperative exciton-polariton condensate Superfluorescence (SF), as a cooperative radiation effect originating from vacuum quantum fluctuations, is an ideal platform for studying many-body correlation mechanisms in an exciton ensemble, and for developing optically ultrafast techniques on bright quantum light sources. Recently, the observations of superfluorescence effects based on different radiative materials or under different working temperatures have been a hot topic. However, current works mainly focus on studying and discussing the establishment of SF itself.
	Revolutionizing spectrometry with ultra-simplicity: Disrupting conventional designs through novel diffraction computing Spectrometers are crucial scientific instruments in various research fields and have consistently served as indispensable tools for foundational research. However, the unwieldy size of conventional spectrometers poses challenges for cost-effective and compact mobile platforms.
	A novel liquid crystal-based tunable dielectric metasurface Dielectric metasurfaces represent one of the cutting-edge research and application directions in optics. They not only possess the advantage of low loss but also enable the realization of device thicknesses at subwavelength scales. Moreover, they can freely modulate light in multiple dimensions, such as amplitude, phase, and polarization.

Earth news

	Tropical cyclones may be an unlikely ally in the battle against ocean hypoxia Tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes and typhoons, are meteorological phenomena that occur over tropical and subtropical oceans experiencing low atmospheric pressure, where water vapor from the warm oceans condenses to produce spiraling cloud formations hundreds of meters wide. The resulting heavy rain and wind speeds exceeding 74 miles per hour can bring devastation to communities in their path when these tropical storms make landfall.
	Simple equations clarify cloud climate conundrum A new analysis based on simple equations has reduced uncertainty about how clouds will affect future climate change.
	Study says since 1979 climate change has made heat waves last longer, spike hotter, hurt more people Climate change is making giant heat waves crawl slower across the globe and they are baking more people for a longer time with higher temperatures over larger areas, a new study finds.
	Atmospheric scientists link Arctic sea loss ice to strong El Niño events El Niño, a climate pattern where warm waters in the eastern Pacific fuel hotter weather, is finally beginning to wane after bringing a long stretch of record heat and heavy precipitation across the world since last summer.
	82% of EU farm subsidies bolster high emissions foods: Study More than 80 percent of EU agriculture subsidies support polluting livestock and animal product farming, undermining the bloc's climate targets, a study published Monday found.
	AI improves monsoon rainfall predictions Every year, the South Asian monsoon season brings heavy rain to over a billion people in the Indian subcontinent between June and September. The rain falls in oscillations: Some weeks see 1 to 4 inches of water, while other weeks are mostly dry. Predicting when these dry and wet periods will occur is critical for agricultural and urban planning, enabling farmers to know when to harvest crops and helping city officials prepare for flooding. However, while weather predictions are mostly accurate within one or two days, precisely predicting the weather a week or month out is very difficult.
	Planting trees in wrong places heats the planet: Study Planting trees in the wrong places can actually contribute to global warming, scientists said on Tuesday, but a new map identifies the best locations to regrow forests and cool the planet.
	New electrochemical technology could de-acidify the oceans—and even remove carbon dioxide in the process In the effort to combat the catastrophic impacts of global warming, we must accelerate carbon emissions reduction efforts and rapidly scale strategies to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and the oceans. The technologies for reducing our carbon emissions are mature; those for removing carbon from the environment are not, and need robust support from governments and the private sector.
	Saharan dust smothers Switzerland, southeast France An exceptionally rare haze of Saharan dust cloaked Switzerland and southeastern France on Saturday, sparking health warnings as a yellow hue tinged the sky.
	Closer to Earth: A new technique for examining ultralow velocity zones at Earth's core-mantle boundary The core-mantle boundary (CMB) is crucial for the Earth's magnetic field and rotation. It is known that this boundary harbors complex structures, including ultralow velocity zones (ULVZs), characterized by significantly slowed seismic wave velocities. The origin and structure of these zones are key to unraveling and understanding some secrets in related fields, especially the Earth's science.
	A sustainable future begins at ground level, says researcher In 2015, the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a "call to action" in "global partnership." By 2023 it appears that our progress has been far from satisfactory in achieving these goals.
	El Niño disasters: Governments know what's coming, but are unprepared. Here's what must change Drought disasters in southern Africa are mainly attributed to a lack of preparedness, inadequate response and mitigation and poor risk reduction measures. With little to no preparation for drought disasters, such as the failure of the staple maize crop, the only option after the disaster hits is delayed relief action.
	New satellite dataset sheds light on Earth's plant growth Gross Primary Production (GPP), the process through which plants convert carbon dioxide and sunlight into glucose and oxygen, is the Earth's largest carbon flux. Accurate quantification of GPP is crucial for understanding carbon budgets and their implications on climate change and land management policies. However, traditional methods for estimating global GPP are challenged by the complexity of integrating biophysical and biochemical processes at various scales.
	Enhancing plant growth tracking with satellite image fusion techniques The capacity to accurately monitor the timing of vegetation growth phases, known as land surface phenology (LSP), at fine spatial scales is critical for understanding ecosystem functions and managing natural resources. Despite advancements, the sparsity of high-resolution satellite data caused by cloud cover and limited revisit times complicates this task.
	Researchers show depth-dependent responses of soil organic carbon under nitrogen deposition In a study published in Global Change Biology, scientists from the Institute of Earth Environment and the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have shed light on understanding the effects of nitrogen addition on soil organic carbon storage across soil profiles. Their findings may help address the recent controversial issues of managing soil as a carbon sink under elevated nitrogen deposition.
	'Humbling, and a bit worrying': Researcher claims that models fail to fully explain record global heat Deadly heat in the Southwest. Hot-tub temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean. Sweltering conditions in Europe, Asia and South America.
	As feds stand down, states choose between wetlands protections or rollbacks For 200 miles, the Wabash River forms the border between Illinois and Indiana as it meanders south to the Ohio River.
	NY 'trash revolution' targets overflowing waste, and the rats feasting on it New York City is iconic for its yellow taxis, pizza slices, bright lights on Broadway and its rats.
	Greece hit again by high temperatures, Saharan dust Thick clouds of dust blown in from the Sahara once again covered Greek skies Monday, especially Athens and Thessalonika, with temperatures rising as high as 31°C (88°F).
	South Africa's laws aren't geared to protecting against climate change: Judges are trying to fill the gap South Africa has plenty of environmental laws but none that specifically oblige government officials to consider the risks and impacts of climate change when they approve new developments.

Astronomy and Space news

	JWST observations explore molecular outflows of a nearby merging galaxy Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), an international team of astronomers has observed a nearby merging galaxy known as NGC 3256. Results of the observational campaign, presented March 21 on the pre-print server arXiv, yield essential information about molecular outflows of this galaxy.
	A cosmic 'speed camera' just revealed the staggering speed of neutron star jets in a world first How fast can a neutron star drive powerful jets into space? The answer, it turns out, is about one-third the speed of light, as our team has just revealed in a new study published in Nature.
	Curiosity rover searches for new clues about Mars' ancient water NASA's Curiosity rover has begun exploring a new region of Mars, one that could reveal more about when liquid water disappeared once and for all from the Red Planet's surface. Billions of years ago, Mars was much wetter and probably warmer than it is today. Curiosity is getting a new look into that more Earth-like past as it drives along and eventually crosses the Gediz Vallis channel, a winding, snake-like feature that—from space, at least—appears to have been carved by an ancient river.
	Supercomputer simulations decode the mass puzzle of the first stars Ching-Yao Tang and Dr. Ke-Jung Chen from the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica (ASIAA) have made substantial progress in decoding the birth mass of the first stars using the powerful supercomputer at Berkeley National Lab.
	Stellar murder: When stars destroy and eat their own planets Our sun is both our best friend and our worst enemy. On the one hand, we owe our very existence to our star. Earth and the other planets in the solar system formed out of the same cloud of gas and dust as the sun.
	Distant 'space snowman' unlocks mystery of how some dormant deep space objects become 'ice bombs' A new study is shaking up what scientists thought they knew about distant objects in the far reaches of the solar system, starting with an object called the space snowman.
	Canada's Niagara region declares a state of emergency to prepare for an influx of eclipse viewers Ontario's Niagara Region has declared a state of emergency as it prepares to welcome up to a million visitors for the solar eclipse in early April.
	Japan moon probe put to sleep again Japan's valiant moon lander was put to sleep again after unexpectedly surviving its second ultra-chilly long lunar night, the space agency said Monday.
	Exploding stars are rare but emit torrents of radiation—one close enough to Earth could threaten life on the planet Stars like the sun are remarkably constant. They vary in brightness by only 0.1% over years and decades, thanks to the fusion of hydrogen into helium that powers them. This process will keep the sun shining steadily for about 5 billion more years, but when stars exhaust their nuclear fuel, their deaths can lead to pyrotechnics.
	Tips to safely watch the total solar eclipse On April 8, North America will experience a total solar eclipse, stretching across parts of Mexico, the U.S. and Canada, with approximately 31.6 million people living in the path of totality. According to NASA, every contiguous state in the U.S., along with parts of Alaska and Hawaii, will witness at least a partial solar eclipse.
	The next total solar eclipse is in April: Here's what to know and where to see it Don't be alarmed when the sky goes dark on April 8. A total solar eclipse will traverse North America, crossing Mexico, the United States, and Canada. This event will mark the only total solar eclipse visible from the United States until 2044. The full path of totality, as it's called, will begin on Mexico's Pacific Coast, cross northwestern Pennsylvania and New York state, and exit at the Atlantic Coast of Newfoundland, Canada.
	The search for the perfect coronagraph to find Earth 2.0 Studying exoplanets is made more difficult by the light from the host star. Coronagraphs are devices that block out the star light and both JWST and Nancy Grace Roman Telescope are equipped with them. Current coronagraphs are not quite capable of seeing other Earths but work is underway to push the limits of technology and even science for a new, more advanced device. A paper published on the arXiv pre-print server explores the quantum techniques that may one day allow us to make such observations.
	Unveiling the sun: NASA's open data approach to solar eclipse research As the world eagerly anticipates the upcoming total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, NASA is preparing for an extraordinary opportunity for scientific discovery, open collaboration, and public engagement. At the heart of the agency's approach to this unusual event lies a commitment to open science, ensuring that the data captured during the eclipse is readily accessible to all.
	NASA's VIPER robotic moon rover team raises its mighty mast NASA's VIPER—short for the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover—now stands taller and more capable than ever, thanks to its mast.
	New 'Eclipse Watch' tool shows eclipses from space any time Do you wish you could see a total solar eclipse every day? With a new online tool called Eclipse Watch, you can observe the sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, in real time with eclipse-like images from space as we count down to the next total solar eclipse on Earth.
	Meteorites: Why study them? What can they teach us about finding life beyond Earth? Universe Today has explored the importance of studying impact craters, planetary surfaces, exoplanets, astrobiology, solar physics, comets, planetary atmospheres, planetary geophysics, and cosmochemistry, and how this myriad of intricately linked scientific disciplines can assist us in better understanding our place in the cosmos and searching for life beyond Earth.

Technology news

	Using a 2D perovskite oxide as a photoactive high-κ gate dielectric Two-dimensional (2D) superconducting materials have been found to be promising for the development of miniaturized optoelectronic devices. To perform well while consuming less energy, however, these smaller devices require a higher gate capacitance (i.e., gates that can store more electrical charge in proportion to the voltage applied).
	An optimization-based method to enhance autonomous parking Vehicles that can drive themselves have been a long sought after goal both of robotics research and the automotive industry. While various companies have been investing in these vehicles and testing them, they have so far only deployed them in a limited number of settings.
	A new strategy for fabricating high-density vertical organic electrochemical transistor arrays Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are an emerging class of transistors based on organic superconducting materials known for their ability to modulate electrical current in response to small changes in the voltage applied to their gate electrode. Like other electronics based on organic semiconductors, these transistors could be promising for the development of various brain-inspired and wearable technologies.
	OpenAI unveils voice-cloning tool OpenAI on Friday revealed a voice-cloning tool it plans to keep tightly controlled until safeguards are in place to thwart audio fakes meant to dupe listeners.
	Gmail revolutionized email 20 years ago. People thought it was Google's April Fool's Day joke Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin loved pulling pranks, so much so they began rolling outlandish ideas every April Fool's Day not long after starting their company more than a quarter century ago. One year, Google posted a job opening for a Copernicus research center on the moon. Another year, the company said it planned to roll out a "scratch and sniff" feature on its search engine.
	Scientists develop high-boost and high-efficiency DC power converter A new electrical power converter design achieves a much higher efficiency at lower cost and maintenance than before. The direct current voltage boost converter developed by Kobe University is poised to be a significant contribution to the further development of electric and electronic components across power generation, health care, mobility and information technology.
	Researchers set new efficiency record for stable binary organic solar cells A research group led by Prof. Ge Ziyi from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed two self-assembled molecules (SAMs) with large dipole moments and employed them as hole-transporting layers (HTLs) in binary organic solar cells (OSCs), achieving highly efficient and stable binary OSCs with a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 19.70%.
	Powering the future: Advanced energy harvesting for loT devices Researchers have developed a high-performance energy management unit (EMU) that significantly boosts the efficiency of electrostatic generators for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This breakthrough addresses the challenge of high impedance mismatch between electrostatic generators and electronic devices, unlocking new possibilities for ambient energy harvesting.
	Failure of Francis Scott Key Bridge provides future engineers a chance to learn how to better protect the public The cargo ship collision that destroyed the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore on March 26, 2024, is raising questions about just how much engineers can do to prevent such catastrophes from occurring in the future. Here, Michael J. Chajes, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Delaware, discusses how bridge design codes have changed over the years and the challenges of building new structures, and retrofitting existing ones, so they can survive extreme events
	After the Baltimore bridge collapse, we need clear-eyed assessments of the risks to key infrastructure Catastrophic collapses of major bridges are thankfully rare. Notable examples in the last couple of decades include the failure of the I35-W in Minneapolis in August 2007, and the collapse of the Morandi bridge in Genoa 11 years later. When such events do occur, public attention is understandably focused on the nature of the collapse, which can extend over hundreds of meters in seconds, and its underlying causes.
	Generative AI is changing the legal profession. Future lawyers need to know how to use it Generative AI—technology such as ChatGPT that creates content when prompted—is affecting how solicitors, judges and barristers work. It's also likely to change the work they are being asked to do.
	South Africa's new energy plan needs a mix of nuclear, gas, renewables and coal, says expert South Africa's economy has been hard hit by 15 years of loadshedding (rolling blackouts). The country's coal-fired power plants have a maintenance backlog and frequently experience unexpected technical failures. On the other hand, South Africa has committed, under the Paris Agreement, to transition to low-carbon energy generation technologies by 2050. This puts South Africa at an energy crossroads where it needs well thought out policy development and implementation to make the transition possible.
	Simultaneous performance improvement and energy savings with an innovative algorithm for 6G vision services Professor Jeongho Kwak's from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at DGIST has developed a learning model and resource optimization technology that combines accuracy and efficiency for 6G vision services. This technology is expected to be utilized to address the high levels of computing power and complex learning models required by 6G vision services.
	AT&T notifies users of data breach and resets millions of passcodes AT&T said it has begun notifying millions of customers about the theft of personal data recently discovered online.
	Kia recalls over 427,000 Telluride SUVs because they might roll away while parked Kia is recalling more than 427,000 of its Telluride SUVs due to a defect that may cause the cars to roll away while they're parked.
	'Grave step backwards': Meta shuts monitoring tool in election year A digital tool considered vital in tracking viral falsehoods, CrowdTangle will be decommissioned by Facebook owner Meta in a major election year, a move researchers fear will disrupt efforts to detect an expected firehose of political misinformation.
	What is Volt Typhoon? Cybersecurity expert explains the Chinese hackers targeting US critical infrastructure Volt Typhoon is a Chinese state-sponsored hacker group. The United States government and its primary global intelligence partners, known as the Five Eyes, issued a warning on March 19, 2024, about the group's activity targeting critical infrastructure.
	AI companies are courting Hollywood: Do they come in peace? Artificial intelligence is coming to Hollywood—but is Hollywood ready for it? OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, is meeting with entertainment industry players, including executives at talent agencies and film studios, to demonstrate and explain its latest technology, Sora, which conjures videos based on what users describe in text.
	Generative AI becoming a concern for supply chain managers The results of the Lehigh Business Supply Chain Risk Management Index for the second quarter of 2024 show cybersecurity is the biggest risk on supply chain managers' minds for the fifth straight quarter, increasing more than 5.5 points from last quarter.
	Research reveals language barriers limit effectiveness of cybersecurity resources The idea for Fawn Ngo's latest research came from a television interview. Ngo, a University of South Florida criminologist, had spoken with a Vietnamese language network in California about her interest in better understanding how people become victims of cybercrime. Afterward, she began receiving phone calls from viewers recounting their own experiences of victimization.
	Google to delete incognito search data to end privacy suit Google has agreed to delete a vast trove of search data to settle a suit that it tracked millions of US users who thought they were browsing the internet privately.
	Are high-purity cathode materials truly necessary? An alternative to reduce secondary battery costs Manufacturers of secondary battery cells (LG Energy Solution, Samsung SDI, and SK) have been insisting on very stringent purity specifications from suppliers of cathode materials to ensure a consistent quality output.
	Study finds 'digital humans' as effective as real ones in ergonomics training Could digital humans—realistic virtual representations of humans that communicate through text-to-speech and speech-to-text interfaces—provide online training that is as effective as that provided by real humans?
	Team proposes Python-based library for large-scale graph neural network recommendations Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained widespread adoption in recommendation systems. When it comes to processing large graphs, GNNs may encounter the scalability issue stemming from their multi-layer message-passing operations. Consequently, scaling GNNs has emerged as a crucial research area in recent years, with numerous scaling strategies being proposed.
	Addressing challenges in automated driving: A safe motion planning and control framework Automated vehicles (AVs) have become a critical link in the development of intelligent transportation systems owing to their vast potential to enhance safety, reduce energy consumption, and optimize traffic flow. With the increase of advanced functionalities included in AVs, safety during their operational phase is of paramount importance for the road vehicles industry.

Chemistry news

	New synthesis platform allows for rapid cancer drug synthesis and testing Imperial College London researchers have developed a new platform for the synthesis, analysis and testing of new compounds which may one day treat cancer. The findings are published in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
	Using a cellphone compass to measure tiny concentrations of compounds important for human health Nearly every modern cellphone has a built-in compass, or magnetometer, that detects the direction of Earth's magnetic field, providing critical information for navigation. Now a team of researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a technique that uses an ordinary cellphone magnetometer for an entirely different purpose—to measure the concentration of glucose, a marker for diabetes, to high accuracy.
	Engineers 'symphonize' cleaner ammonia production Among the many chemicals we use every day, ammonia is one of the worst for the atmosphere. The nitrogen-based chemical used in fertilizer, dyes, explosives and many other products ranks second only to cement in terms of carbon emissions, due to the high temperatures and energy needed to manufacture it.
	Novel silica-based adsorbent helps selective separation of strontium Prof. Huang Qunying's team from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Prof. Ning Shunyan's team from South China University, developed a novel silica-based adsorbent for the highly selective separation of strontium (Sr) from an acidic medium.
	A chemically bonded photocatalyst with rich oxygen vacancies for improved photocatalytic decontamination A challenge in promoting the industrial application of photocatalysis technology for environment remediation lies in the design of high-performance photocatalysts. These photocatalysts should be endowed with efficient photo-carrier separation and intense redox potentials to boost photocatalytic pollutant removal.
	Research demonstrates anatase supported Ni single-atom catalysts for propane dehydrogenation Propylene is one of the most important petrochemical raw materials, ranging second after ethylene. To meet the ever-increasing demand, alternative technologies for propylene production are in urgent need, among which the propane dehydrogenation (PDH) has been considered as the most promising one.

Biology news

	New antibiotic class effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria discovered Scientists at Uppsala University have discovered a new class of antibiotics with potent activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria, and have shown that it cures bloodstream infections in mice. The new antibiotic class is described in an article in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	New method reveals hidden activity of life below ground A team of scientists led by researchers at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences have developed an innovative method to link the genetics and function of individual microbes living without oxygen deep below Earth's surface. Measuring both of these attributes—and, more importantly, linking them together—has long been a challenge in microbiology but is critical for understanding the role of microbial communities in global processes like the carbon cycle.
	Computational tools fuel reconstruction of new and improved bird family tree An international team of scientists has built the largest and most detailed bird family tree to date—an intricate chart delineating 93 million years of evolutionary relationships between 363 bird species, representing 92% of all bird families.
	A frozen chunk of genome rewrites our understanding of bird evolution An enormous meteor spelled doom for most dinosaurs 65 million years ago. But not all. In the aftermath of the extinction event, birds—technically dinosaurs themselves—flourished.
	Researchers explore the hagfish genome, reconstruct the early genomic history of vertebrates A study by a group of researchers at the University of Kentucky in collaboration with scientists in four other countries has been published in Nature. Their study is titled "The hagfish genome and the evolution of vertebrates."
	Chemists discover a key protein in how lysosomes work Lysosomes, often reductively referred to as the "garbage disposals" of cells, play a pivotal role in our cells' digestive systems by getting rid of unwanted materials.
	Catching vibes: Novel approach captures arthropod-driven vibrations It was summer in northern Mississippi, rich in relative humidity and deciduous forests and wolf spiders. Noori Cho, then a doctoral student at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, was dedicating two months to sharing a cabin with mice while on a research expedition unlike any before it.
	New single-cell analysis tech incorporates advanced fiber optics directly into microfluidic chips Droplet microfluidics has revolutionized single-cell analysis, crucial for genomics, drug discovery, and diagnostics, by partitioning samples into nanoliter droplets for detailed cellular analysis. Yet, its broader adoption is hindered by the complex, costly methods required for analyzing droplets' optical properties.
	Machine learning provides a new picture of the great gray owl The great gray owl has long been thought of as a sentinel of the Alaska wilderness, keeping watch over snow-laden forests as far north as the Brooks Range, well away from human populations.
	Ancient Adélie penguin DNA reveals that small repeats persist for hundreds of millions of years Microsatellites are valuable tools for studying inheritance, genetic diversity, and population dynamics across a wide range of organisms including bacteria, plants, animals, and fungi. These short, repeating sequence motifs are a common feature of both coding and non-coding DNA and have been observed in all genomes studied to date.
	Canada lynx historic range in US likely wider than previously thought A broader past could mean a brighter future for Canada lynx in the U.S., according to recent research. The study, published in the journal Biological Conservation, indicates that lynx might do well in the future in parts of Utah, central Idaho and the Yellowstone National Park region, even considering climate change and the lack of lynx in those areas now.
	Golfers' risk from pesticides used on turf grass is likely low, studies find For many, spring heralds fresh air and exercise on the golf course. But do players risk exposure to unsafe levels of pesticides used to beautify and maintain a golf course's green grass?
	Leaves of three, let it be? Wide variability among poison ivy plants makes identification more challenging We've all heard the classic saying "leaves of three, let it be," which means don't touch the poison ivy. But just how accurate is that timeless phrase? While this specific mnemonic device exists to deter people from touching poison ivy, it turns out there are also many harmless three-leaf native plants. How is one to tell the difference between itchy poison ivy and those harmless three-leaf native plants?
	Does your dog understand when you say 'fetch the ball'? A new study in Hungary says yes Many dog owners believe their pets understand and respond not only to commands such as "sit" and "stay," but also to words referring to their favorite objects. "Bring me your ball" will often result in exactly that.
	As climate change and pollution imperil coral reefs, scientists are deep-freezing corals to repopulate future oceans Coral reefs are some of the oldest, most diverse ecosystems on Earth, and among the most valuable. They nurture 25% of all ocean life, protect coasts from storms and add billions of dollars yearly to the global economy through their influences on fisheries, new pharmaceuticals, tourism and recreation.
	Food scientists show rice malt has potential to play a bigger role in beer Rice is showing potential to play a more prominent role in beer brewing, and it helps that Arkansas produces a lot of it.
	New England report calls for dramatic increase in sustainable forestry A new report released on March 28 highlights the opportunity for New England to dramatically expand forest protections and sustainably meet the region's wood product needs by reducing consumption and reorienting production.
	How Washington's I-90 became safer for wildlife, drivers Interstate 90 fractures the spine of the Cascades at its midpoint.
	Beavers' work can help stop wildfires: More places in California are embracing them A vast burn scar unfolds in drone footage of a landscape seared by massive wildfires north of Lake Tahoe. But amid the expanses of torched trees and gray soil, an unburnt island of lush green emerges.
	Setting prairies ablaze in springtime is key to restoring damaged ecosystems, conservationists say On a recent weekday, short but mighty flames began consuming an expanse of tallgrass in Illinois' Nachusa Grasslands, their advance marked with crackles and pops.
	Regulatory hurdles for updating breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility test devices: What to know The unique regulatory environment for the clearance and use of antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) systems is complex in the U.S. While members of the medical microbiology community recognize the importance of updating breakpoints for clinical and public health, there is a knowledge gap regarding the regulatory requirements for breakpoint updates and how these requirements impact the medical laboratory's update processes.
	Melting glaciers in a warmer climate provide new ground for invasive species Invasive species have rapidly colonized new ground exposed by melting glaciers in the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, according to new research.
	Can savanna emerge in the cold high latitudes and altitudes due to ongoing rapid warming? Recent studies have shown that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and consequential warming may compromise the community structure and functioning of the cold tundra ecosystems. However, in addition to carbon uptake, natural vegetation—particularly forests—can physically cool neighboring areas by releasing certain cooling molecules.
	Cicadas are nature's weirdos. They pee stronger than us and an STD can turn them into zombies The periodical cicadas that are about to infest two parts of the United States aren't just plentiful, they're downright weird.
	Invaders from underground are coming in cicada-geddon. It's the biggest bug emergence in centuries Trillions of evolution's bizarro wonders, red-eyed periodical cicadas that have pumps in their heads and jet-like muscles in their rears, are about to emerge in numbers not seen in decades and possibly centuries.
	Fungal resources: Eleven new species of Trichoderma from China Trichoderma spp. are globally distributed and are considered significant fungal resources. They are widely studied and applied due to their economic and ecological importance, offering numerous benefits, such as producing enzymes and antibiotics, aiding in plant growth, and protecting them from pathogens.

Medicine and Health news

	Study documents safety, improvements from stem cell therapy after spinal cord injury A Mayo Clinic study shows stem cells derived from patients' own fat are safe and may improve sensation and movement after traumatic spinal cord injuries. The findings from the Phase I clinical trial appear in Nature Communications. The results of this early research offer insights into the potential of cell therapy for people living with spinal cord injuries and paralysis for whom options to improve function are extremely limited.
	Researchers produce grafts that replicate the human ear Using state-of-the-art tissue engineering techniques and a 3D printer, researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine and Cornell Engineering have assembled a replica of an adult human ear that looks and feels natural. The study, published online in Acta Biomaterialia on March 16, offers the promise of grafts with well-defined anatomy and the correct biomechanical properties for those who are born with a congenital malformation or who lose an ear later in life.
	Scientists discover speed of visual perception ranges widely in humans Using a blink-and-you'll-miss-it experiment, researchers from Trinity College Dublin have discovered that individuals differ widely in the rate at which they perceive visual signals. Some people perceive a rapidly changing visual cue at frequencies that others cannot, which means some access more visual information per timeframe than others.
	Smartphone app may pave way to treatments for frontotemporal dementia in under-60s A smartphone app could enable greater participation in clinical trials for people with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a devastating neurological disorder that often manifests in midlife.
	Using cryo-shocked tumor cells to fight lung cancer A team of medical researchers at Zhejiang University, in China, has developed a way to use cryo-shocked tumor cells to fight lung cancer. In their study, published in the journal Science Advances, the group used fast liquid nitrogen treatment to modify tumor cells to carry gene-editing tools to fight tumors in mouse models.
	Combining multiple meds into a single pill reduces cardiovascular deaths, study confirms Taking a single pill that combines medications targeting cardiovascular disease-related conditions was shown long ago to lower the risk of death from such causes, including heart attacks and strokes.
	International study uses AI to show how personality influences the expression of our genes An international study led by the UGR using artificial intelligence has shown that our personalities alter the expression of our genes. The findings shed new light on the long-standing mystery of how the mind and body interact.
	New gene discovery leads advance against a form of heart failure prevalent in men University of Virginia School of Medicine researchers have discovered a gene on the Y chromosome that contributes to the greater incidence of heart failure in men. The work is published in the journal Nature Cardiovascular Research.
	Siris tree leaves hold promise for stopping spread of breast cancer cells, say researchers Albizia lebbeck is the scientific name of the siris tree, which may hold the promise of working as a natural agent to combat breast cancer metastasis. The finding, presented in the journal Scientific Reports, shows that the leaves of the plant could thwart the spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the body.
	Move more, sleep better: Study finds physical activity lengthens REM latency A new study by an interdisciplinary team of researchers at The University of Texas at Austin provides what may be the most reliable validation to date of the connection between physical activity, sleep quality and psychological health.
	Researchers develop more broadly protective coronavirus vaccine Scientists have been searching for the optimal coronavirus vaccine since the COVID-19 pandemic started. The mRNA vaccines developed through the federal government's "Operation Warp Speed" program were a massive innovation; however, annually updating those boosters for specific SARS-CoV-2 variants is inefficient for scientists and patients.
	Scientists pioneer immunotherapy technique for autoimmune diseases Mayo Clinic scientists have developed an immunotherapy strategy that potentially lays the groundwork for treating a spectrum of autoimmune diseases.
	Chatbot outperforms physicians in clinical reasoning, but also underperforms against residents on many occasions A recent review shows that ChatGPT-4, an artificial intelligence program designed to understand and generate human-like text, has outperformed internal medicine residents and attending physicians at two academic medical centers at processing medical data and demonstrating clinical reasoning.
	Pilot study shows ketogenic diet improves severe mental illness For people living with serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, standard treatment with antipsychotic medications can be a double-edged sword. While these drugs help regulate brain chemistry, they often cause metabolic side effects such as insulin resistance and obesity, which are distressing enough that many patients stop taking the medications.
	'Pathogen prospecting': Mosquito researchers track malaria's history by examining its epidemiology A group of researchers is calling on colleagues around the world to join them in what they call "pathogen prospecting" by tracking down archival specimens of mosquitoes in museums and other collections to examine them for pathogens that would have infected people with malaria during the mosquitoes' feeding on their blood.
	Do you need to take supplements if you eat a healthy diet? Vitamin supplements are a big business, with Americans spending roughly $45 billion out of more than $177 billion worldwide on pills, gummies and powders meant to boost health.
	Researchers identify new way to inhibit immune cells that drive allergic asthma Researchers at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, have discovered that a protein called Piezo1 prevents a type of immune cell in the lung from becoming hyperactivated by allergens. The study, to be published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM), suggests that switching on Piezo1 could represent a new therapeutic approach to reducing lung inflammation and treating allergic asthma.
	Swedish study indicates decline of neutralizing antibodies to mpox virus during the first month after vaccination New research to be presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2024) in Barcelona, Spain (27–30 April) shows that even in men who receive two doses of mpox vaccine intradermally, their level of antibodies to the virus falls to low or zero within the first few months if they have not received a previous smallpox vaccine.
	How to make sure your leftovers are safe to eat Eating leftovers can be a great way to save money, diversify your cooking repertoire and reduce food waste.
	Klebsiella pneumoniae: An opportunistic pathogen harmless to some, but causes severe disease in others Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common species of bacteria found in our bodies—and may even be lurking in your gut, mouth or nose right now. But it's also a notoriously harmful bacteria that can make us very ill.
	Why women's rugby needs its own injury prevention strategy With the Women's Six Nation's Championship underway, there is mounting public concern regarding the risk of injuries to players.
	What is sugar and what would happen if I stopped eating it? A scientist explains The world has declared a time-out on sugar consumption. The harmful link between disease and dietary sugar was recently outlined in a comprehensive assessment of published studies.
	Spotting the signs of disordered eating in youth: Tips for parents and caregivers In the age of social media, youth are constantly bombarded with viral trends and toxic messages that set unrealistic standards about the ideal body image. This has translated into a far too common expression of body shape dissatisfaction in young people.
	Prostate cancer is the second-leading cancer among men. Here's what to know about it Cancer rates, especially among young people, are on the rise. There's expected to be 2 million new cancer diagnoses in the United States in 2024.
	Study suggests high blood pressure could begin in childhood Children and teenagers living with overweight or obesity are more likely to have high blood pressure as adults (aged 50–64 years), suggesting the processes behind the condition could begin as early as childhood, suggests new research being presented at this year's European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Venice, Italy (12-15 May).
	Study finds association between TB infection and increased risk of various cancers A population-wide observational study to be presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2024) in Barcelona, Spain (27-30 April) shows an association between tuberculosis (TB) and cancer, with those with current or previous TB more likely to have a diagnosis of a variety of cancers, including lung, blood, gynecological and colorectal cancers.
	Canada to make contraception for women free Canada will cover the full cost of contraception for women, the government said Saturday as it highlighted the first part of a major health care reform.
	A biased test kept thousands of Black people from getting a kidney transplant. It's finally changing Jazmin Evans had been waiting for a new kidney for four years when her hospital revealed shocking news: She should have been put on the transplant list in 2015 instead of 2019—and a racially biased organ test was to blame.
	Why Trump's surgeon general is fighting big medical bills Former US surgeon general Jerome Adams was stuck with an eye-watering medical bill of nearly $5,000 after being treated for a simple case of dehydration following an overnight stay at an Arizona hospital last January.
	More than 18,000 excess tuberculosis cases in the US attributable to structural racism: Study A robust analysis of national tuberculosis (TB) surveillance data found continuing, persistent disparities in TB incidence among U.S.-born racial and ethnic minorities, despite an overall decrease in cases observed during the analysis period. The authors conclude that structural racism is largely to blame. The analysis is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Lower levels of albuminuria associated with increased risk for chronic kidney disease progression and kidney failure A study of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) found a substantial excess risk for CKD progression and kidney failure as albuminuria (protein in the urine) increased, even at levels below 30 mg/g. These findings raise questions about the best time to start treatment to reduce protein in urine, and whether lowering albumin levels further could improve health outcomes in people with CKD who already have relatively low levels of albumin in their urine. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Little guidance exists for treating inpatients with asymptomatic high blood pressure, review finds A systematic review of 14 clinical practice guidelines found that guidance on inpatient management of elevated blood pressure (BP) without symptoms is lacking. According to the authors, this lack of guidance may contribute to variable practice patterns. The review is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Rapid rise seen in mental health diagnosis and care during and after pregnancy Mental health issues during pregnancy or the first year of parenthood have a much greater chance of getting detected and treated now than just over a decade ago, a trio of new studies suggests.
	'Havana Syndrome' linked to Russian intelligence unit: Report Russian intelligence has been linked to mysterious so-called Havana Syndrome symptoms experienced by US diplomats, a media investigation said Monday, but the State Department stood by its assessment that no foreign actor was responsible.
	Germany gives controversial green light to cannabis Cannabis aficionados lit up in Germany on Monday, as the country became the largest EU nation to legalize recreational use, despite fierce objections from opposition politicians and medical associations.
	New insights into adult-onset type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes, a chronic condition affecting millions of young individuals globally, is not exclusive to childhood. As many as half of all cases are diagnosed during adulthood, and there is a need to understand the factors contributing to the development of type 1 diabetes in adults.
	An effective treatment for COVID-19 is underused, research shows A safe and effective medication designed to prevent mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infections from becoming more dangerous has been available for almost two years. But recent studies have shown many patients eligible for the drug—Paxlovid—haven't been prescribed it.
	Increasingly sophisticated AI systems can perform empathy, but their use in mental health care raises ethical questions In a world where technology is increasingly intertwined with our feelings, emotion-AI harnesses advanced computing and machine learning to assess, simulate, and interact with human emotional states.
	Motivations for travel nurses accepting temporary assignments go beyond the big pay boost Travel nurses take short-term contracts that can require long commutes or temporarily living away from home. Time and again, they have to get used to new co-workers, new protocols and new workplaces.
	What type of a relationship with an ancient person does a shared DNA fragment imply? In 2022, we reported the DNA sequences of 33 medieval people buried in a Jewish cemetery in Germany. Not long after we made the data publicly available, people started comparing their own DNA with that of the 14th-century German Jews, finding many "matches." These medieval individuals had DNA fragments shared with thousands of people who have uploaded their DNA sequence to an online database, the same way you share DNA fragments with your relatives.
	Childhood vaccination rates are dropping. Here's why this matters At the start of the 2019–2020 school year, vaccination rates for incoming kindergartners across the country were about 95%, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. At the start of 2022–2023 school year, this coverage dipped to 93%.
	Exposure to common environmental carcinogens decreases lifespan happiness, study finds If improving your outlook on life really was as simple as "don't worry, be happy," then keeping your spirits up would be a piece of cake. Unfortunately, it's not so simple, as a multitude of factors beyond our control can affect our mood.
	After Appalachian hospitals merged into a monopoly, their ERs slowed to a crawl In the small Appalachian city of Bristol, Virginia, City Council member Neal Osborne left a meeting on the morning of Jan. 3 and rushed himself to the hospital.
	Some Medicaid providers borrow or go into debt amid 'unwinding' payment disruptions Jason George began noticing in September that Medicaid payments had stalled for some of his assisted living facility residents, people who need help with daily living.
	'It's the greatest living experiment': Pitt Men's Study marks 40 years of AIDS research In a Pittsburgh hospital in the early 1980s, Charles Rinaldo saw a young, previously healthy gay man critically ill with a virus usually only seen in weakened immune systems.
	Ethical issues abound in adoption of AI in cancer care There may be ethical barriers to the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) into cancer care, according to a study published online March 28 in JAMA Network Open.
	No-drain policy noninferior for major morbidity in distal pancreatectomy For patients with distal pancreatectomy, a no-drain policy is noninferior in terms of major morbidity, according to a study published online March 15 in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.
	Case report from Austria shows mpox breakthrough infection in man who had received both vaccine doses New research to be presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2024) in Barcelona, Spain (27–30 April) details the case of a man who had received two doses of the mpox vaccine in Autumn, 2022 yet experienced a 'breakthrough' mpox infection in January 2024.
	Abiomed heart pumps linked to 49 deaths A new warning is being issued over a heart pump whose use could perforate the heart.
	Telehealth may help people stick with alcoholism treatment Telehealth might be a more effective way of treating alcoholism than in-person therapy sessions, a new study reports.
	Parents voice concerns about social media images of pediatric craniofacial patients Parents voice strong concerns about social media sharing of images of children undergoing craniofacial surgery, reports a survey study in the April issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
	Crude sickle cell birth prevalence 28.54 per 10,000 in non-Hispanic Blacks The crude sickle cell disease (SCD) birth prevalence is 28.54 per 10,000 non-Hispanic Black newborns, according to research published in the March 28 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Psychologists warn therapists to use caution when mirroring patient actions or words Mirroring one's actions or using their own words has been known to establish and strengthen social relationships. In fact, many of us do this unintentionally when we wish to bond with someone or feel that we belong.
	Eight ways to raise happier, healthier kids, according to experts If you're raising kids, your goal is probably simple: You want happy and healthy young people who are ultimately equipped to navigate life on their own.
	Researchers find heart patients live longer in a 'greener' environment In a long-term study published in the journal Epidemiology, researchers from Tel Aviv University (TAU) examined the association between a greener environment, which is most likely saturated with vegetation, and the mortality rate of coronary heart patients after undergoing bypass surgery—which is considered a traumatic event from both the physical and mental aspects.
	Are long COVID sufferers falling through the cracks? Researchers who study long COVID say its debilitating symptoms are often misdiagnosed by clinicians and dismissed by employers or loved ones because so little is known about the new syndrome. The results can be devastating for individuals and their families—and for the economy.
	Study reports Cures Act tied to quicker release, access of imaging reports Following Cures Act implementation, the time for patients to access imaging results decreased, while the proportion of patients who accessed their reports before the ordering provider increased, according to a study published online March 27 in the American Journal of Roentgenology.
	Regional decolonization aids multidrug-resistant organism-related outcomes A regional collaborative involving universal decolonization in long-term care facilities and targeted decolonization among hospital patients in contact precautions is associated with better multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO)-related outcomes, according to a study published online April 1 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
	Altered brain morphology and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women A new research paper titled "Altered brain morphology and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women: automatic segmentation of whole-brain and thalamic subnuclei and resting-state fMRI" has been published in Aging.
	Reducing late-night alcohol sales curbed all violent crimes by 23% annually in a Baltimore neighborhood: Study Simply reducing the hours during which alcohol may be purchased can significantly reduce violent crime, according to a new study led by Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) and the Alcohol Research Group of Emeryville, Calif. The findings were published in JAMA Internal Medicine on Monday, April 1.
	The rising burden of respiratory tract cancer in Asia A broad range of genetic and environmental factors can influence the progression of respiratory cancer, making it a diverse disease. According to a prior study of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer and larynx cancer cases and fatalities increased globally over the past 10 years.
	Injury prevention program found to reduce parent-reported injuries in children Implementation of The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP), designed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, results in a reduction in parent-reported injuries at well-child checks (WCCs), according to a study published online April 1 in Pediatrics.
	Person is diagnosed with bird flu after being in contact with cows in Texas A person in Texas has been diagnosed with bird flu, an infection tied to the recent discovery of the virus in dairy cows, health officials said Monday.
	New federal rule means hospitals need written consent for pelvic, prostate exams In a letter sent to teaching hospitals and medical schools across the country, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services said Monday that written consent must be obtained from patients before performing sensitive procedures such as pelvis and prostate exams.
	Proximal femur bionic nail offers new hope for elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures In a new study published in Engineering, academician Yingze Zhang's research team introduces the Proximal Femur Bionic Nail (PFBN) as a potential panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures in the elderly.
	New initiative improves detection, evaluation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common pediatric neurobehavioral disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 7%–10% in school-age children. ADHD significantly affects functioning throughout life including academic achievement, social and family relationships and occupational success, predisposing individuals to secondary psychopathology, substance use, justice system involvement and suicide.
	New research highlights inequities in treatment of postpartum depressive symptoms Pregnancy and childbirth can be significant stressors on mental health. Nearly one in eight people who have given birth develop postpartum depression, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than just the "baby blues," postpartum depressive symptoms can lead to adverse outcomes for birthing people and families, and treatment requires effective screening, diagnosis and management.
	Screening tool streamlines requests for palliative care consultations A simple screening tool integrated into the admissions process for critically ill patients can streamline requests for palliative care consultations, according to a study published in Critical Care Nurse (CCN).
	Polybrominated diphenyl ether linked to increased risk for cancer mortality Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer mortality, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
	CDC reports tuberculosis case counts and rates have been increasing since 2020 Tuberculosis (TB) case counts and rates have been increasing since 2020, according to research published in the March 28 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	A Texan has contracted H5N1 bird flu: CDC calls threat to public 'low' An unnamed person in Texas had been diagnosed with the H5N1 avian flu after close contact with infected dairy cattle, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported Monday.
	Study finds health care utilization is increased in high-risk children who have a sleep disorder The risk of increased health care utilization among children with a chronic medical condition is higher for those who also have a sleep disorder, according to a new study that examined Medicaid claims data.
	Germany's legal weed sparks calls to protect young people Smoking weed will soon be legal for over-18s in Germany, but addiction experts are calling for more prevention efforts to ensure young people are protected from the dangers of cannabis use.
	Grassroots revolution: the road to legal cannabis Germany is set to join the global cannabis revolution on Monday, with a law coming into effect legalizing recreational use of the drug.
	The pioneer of America's embattled global HIV program recalls the hope after years of despair Through his office window at what was then one of Africa's few modern clinics dealing with HIV and AIDS, the man who now oversees the United States' threatened global AIDS effort used to hear the sound of taxis pulling up throughout the day.
	Take steps towards a longer, healthier life on National Walking Day Physical activity is one of the best ways to improve overall health and manage stress. Unfortunately, 1 in 4 adults in the U.S. are sedentary for more than eight hours each day, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). This can have negative consequences on physical and mental health. The American Heart Association established National Walking Day in 2007.
	Research team periodizes this history of virology development A research team led by Associate Professor Liu Huan from the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) proposes for the first time a historical periodization of the development of virology—the periods of microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology—after systematically exploring the evolution of virology and its important milestones and technological achievements. The study is published in Viruses.
	Exploring why viruses cause lesions and rashes Early in 2024, reports of a fatal case of Alaskapox were circulating in the news. A little-known virus with few cases to its name, Alaskapox virus triggers the eruption of 1 or more skin lesions on the body, among other symptoms. The virus is just 1 of many orthopoxviruses—some, like smallpox and mpox, with much higher disease burdens—whose modus operandi is the formation of skin lesions.
	Whole-blood rapid test to help with assessment of traumatic brain injury in military personnel receives FDA clearance U.S. Army officials, in partnership with Abbott, announced today that the company's i-STAT TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) cartridge has received clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to be used with whole blood.

Other Sciences news

	Saturday Citations: 100-year-old milk, hot qubits and another banger from the Event Horizon Telescope project Is the milk sold today similar to the milk available 100 years ago? Here, drink this and give me your results. Also, physicists achieve superconductivity at a temperature slightly higher than 0 degrees Kelvin and slightly lower than 2 degrees Kelvin. The Event Horizon Telescope project released a glamorous new portrait of Sagittarius A*, while a separate group of physicists reported on a pair of black hole pals.
	Best of Last Week—Barkhausen noise detected, LLMs use simple mechanisms, link between exercise and insomnia It was a good week for physics research, as a combined team from Columbia, Nanjing University, Princeton and the University of Munster found the first experimental evidence for a graviton-like particle in a quantum material—they reported collective excitations with spin chiral graviton modes in a semiconducting material. Also, a team of physicists at California Institute of Technology detected Barkhausen noise for the first time. The magnetic avalanche was triggered by quantum effects. And a team of researchers at the University of Waterloo's Institute for Quantum Computing announced that the world is one step closer to secure quantum communication on a global scale. They made the claim after finding a way to produce nearly perfect entangled photon pairs from quantum dot sources.
	Stingray sand 'sculpture' in South Africa may be oldest example of humans creating an image of another creature South Africa's Cape south coast offers many hints about how our human ancestors lived some 35,000 to 400,000 years ago during the Pleistocene epoch. These clues are captured in the dunes they once traversed, today cemented and preserved in a rock type known as aeolianite.
	Song lyrics are getting simpler, more repetitive: Study You're not just getting older. Song lyrics really are becoming simpler and more repetitive, according to a study published on Thursday.
	Q&A: Can genetic genealogy restore family narratives disrupted by the transatlantic slave trade? Some political figures seek to remove references to slavery from the study of American history, adding to the vast knowledge gaps that stem from the transatlantic slave trade. To better understand these histories, scholars and individuals are turning to genetic genealogy to discover and retrace descendant-family lineages.
	How do we help students from disadvantaged backgrounds feel confident about school? Research shows that students who are confident about their ability to succeed at school tend to be more academically successful.
	Why Ontario school boards are suing social media platforms for causing an attention crisis Four of Ontario's largest school boards have brought a lawsuit against four of the biggest social media companies for causing an epidemic of addiction among teens. The boards are seeking over $4 billion in damages.
	Leadership transparency alone doesn't guarantee employees will speak up in the workplace Leaders are often encouraged to be open, authentic and vulnerable at work. Employees are similarly told their voices matter in the workplace and to speak up when they need to. But, being open and honest at work is not always as straightforward as these messages suggest.
	Upcoming solar eclipse prompts NY State Corrections to cancel prison visits The New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision is canceling visits to nearly two dozen facilities expected to be thrown into "total darkness" amid the solar eclipse on April 8.
	Archaeologists illuminate ancient culinary practices using chemical biomarkers Ceramic pots endure the corrosive effects of thousands of years, and organic remains preserved inside the pores can shed light on the culture, values, diets, and daily life of societies. This research is achieved with the help of biomarkers.
	Q&A: Potential TikTok ban is a high-stakes threat for its young user base and beyond The popular social media app TikTok is facing an uncertain future in the U.S. amid concerns about national security. In Congress, the House passed a bill recently that would lead to a nationwide ban of the platform if its China-based owner, ByteDance, doesn't sell off its stake.
	How to safely watch a solar eclipse with children The next solar eclipse will be visible across North America on April 8. Solar eclipses occur when the moon passes between the sun and the Earth, blocking sunlight and casting a shadow on our planet. There will be a 115-mile-wide path stretching from Maine to Texas with a total solar eclipse, while the rest of the continental United States will have a partial eclipse.
	New survey sheds new light on trans life in Maryland More than three-quarters of trans people in Maryland worried about being negatively judged when seeking health care and nearly a third delayed necessary treatment, according to one finding of a new study of the state's trans population conducted in part by a University of Maryland doctoral student.
	The uneven results of anticorruption efforts across countries When fighting corruption, countries often rely too much on repression and forget about prevention measures, which are frequently inadequate or nonexistent. Furthermore, despite the progress made in implementation of the main international anticorruption treaties, substantial challenges persist. There are even indications of regression across various domains, including criminalization and law enforcement, and international cooperation.
	Study suggests taking an aggressive stance in crisis communications costs companies money A new public relations and crisis communications study tracked 10 years of data and used big data analytic tools to capture shifts in how corporate interests and the public discussed a complex legal situation regarding a widely used herbicide—and how those dynamics related to stock price. The bottom line? When the company took an aggressive stance, its stock price dropped.
	The Gambia may allow female genital mutilation again, another sign of a global trend eroding women's rights The Gambia's ban on female genital mutilation (FGM) since 2015 is under threat. Proposed changes before parliament could permit medicalized female genital cutting and allow it for consenting adults.
	Africa's Ph.D.s: Study shows how to develop strong graduates who want to make a difference The challenge for universities is to produce graduates who can work with others to produce knowledge and research that can change institutions and societies for the better.
	What is kinship care? Why is it favored for Aboriginal children over foster care? The 1997 Bringing Them Home report into the removal of Aboriginal children from their families was a turning point in Australia's history. The inquiry rejected past government policies of assimilation and endorsed the importance of keeping Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with their families.
	Researchers study rate of stuttering in adult struggling readers Adults who struggle to read often read at a slower pace and with lower accuracy compared to their peers. They can also have difficulties with spoken language skills, such as difficulties with understanding and using words, and recognizing and working with sounds associated with spoken language.

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