Science X Newsletter Wed, Mar 6

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 6, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

The AI bassist: Sony's vision for a new paradigm in music production

Extended horizontal branch detected in globular cluster NGC 1835

Bumblebees surprise scientists with advanced social learning skills

Scientists CT scanned thousands of natural history specimens, which you can access for free

Birds, beetles, bugs could help replace pesticides: Study

Scientists unravel tumor neutrophil complexity, discover therapeutic subset

Researchers uncover new principle of motion in liquid crystals

Research team uncovers novel receptor function in fragile X syndrome

Breaking the mold: Research challenges ecological norms in yeast communities

Model estimates who benefits most from frequent COVID-19 boosters

Microbes impact coral bleaching susceptibility, new study shows

Researchers find gene mutation responsible for brown giant pandas

Giant leap toward neuromorphic devices: High-performance spin-wave reservoir computing

Study shows 3D-covalent organic frameworks can be tuned using structural isomers

Study finds wild bees are developing tolerance to veterinary drugs

Nanotechnology news

	Scientists use a new type of nanoparticle that can both deliver vaccines and act as an adjuvant Many vaccines, including vaccines for hepatitis B and whooping cough, consist of fragments of viral or bacterial proteins. These vaccines often include other molecules called adjuvants, which help to boost the immune system's response to the protein.
	Nanodevices can produce energy from evaporating tap or seawater Evaporation is a natural process so ubiquitous that most of us take it for granted. In fact, roughly half of the solar energy that reaches the Earth drives evaporative processes. Since 2017, researchers have been working to harness the energy potential of evaporation via the hydrovoltaic (HV) effect, which allows electricity to be harvested when fluid is passed over the charged surface of a nanoscale device.
	Researchers develop first heat map for individual red blood cells Entropy is often associated with disorder and chaos, but in biology it is related to energy efficiency and is closely linked to metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that sustain life.
	New nano-microscope enables simultaneous measurement of nano-composite material properties The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) has developed a hybrid nano-microscope capable of simultaneously measuring various nano-material properties. This nano-microscope is essential for researching the properties of nano-composite materials and is also suitable for commercialization. It is expected to promote the development of industries for related materials and equipment.
	Selective operation of enhancement and depletion modes of nanoscale field-effect transistors Nanoscale transistors are in demand for efficient digital circuits, and biasing of each device is critical. These stringent biasing conditions can be relaxed by obtaining precise values of the threshold voltages of the transistor. This leads to more tolerant logic states to the electrical noise.

Physics news

	Researchers uncover new principle of motion in liquid crystals A research team affiliated with UNIST has unveiled for the first time a new principle of motion in the microworld, where objects can move in a directed manner simply by changing their sizes periodically within a substance known as liquid crystal.
	Giant leap toward neuromorphic devices: High-performance spin-wave reservoir computing A group of Tohoku University researchers has developed a theoretical model for a high-performance spin wave reservoir computing (RC) that utilizes spintronics technology. The breakthrough moves scientists closer to realizing energy-efficient, nanoscale computing with unparalleled computational power.
	'Ruler for light' could enable detailed measurement in personal devices Stanford researchers have unveiled a new type of frequency comb, a high-precision measurement device, that is innovatively small, ultra-energy efficient, and exceptionally accurate. With continued development, this breakthrough "microcomb"—which is detailed in a study published March 7 in Nature—could be the basis for mass-market adoption of the devices in everyday electronics.
	Photons that make quantum bits 'fly' for stable exchange of information in quantum computers Two physicists at the University of Konstanz are developing a method that could enable the stable exchange of information in quantum computers. In the leading role: photons that make quantum bits "fly."
	Weird electron behavior gets even weirder: Charge fractionalization observed spectroscopically A research team led by the Paul Scherrer Institute has spectroscopically observed the fractionalization of electronic charge in an iron-based metallic ferromagnet. Experimental observation of the phenomenon is not only of fundamental importance. Since it appears in an alloy of common metals at accessible temperatures, it holds potential for future exploitation in electronic devices. The discovery is published in the journal Nature.
	Designing a drone that uses adaptive invisibility: Towards autonomous sea-land-air cloaks The idea of objects seamlessly disappearing, not just in controlled laboratory environments but also in real-world scenarios, has long captured the popular imagination. This concept epitomizes the trajectory of human civilization, from primitive camouflage techniques to the sophisticated metamaterial-based cloaks of today.
	Beam balance designs could elucidate the origins of dark energy One of the greatest problems in modern physics is to reconcile the enormous difference between the energy carried by random fluctuations in the vacuum of space, and the dark energy driving the universe's expansion.

Earth news

	Study suggests sinking land increases risk for thousands of coastal residents by 2050 One in 50 people living in two dozen coastal cities in the United States could experience significant flooding by 2050, according to Virginia Tech-led research.
	Ice cores suggest 16th-century pandemics may have caused declines in atmospheric CO₂ Changes in human activity may have led to atmospheric CO2 levels declining in the 16th century, due to large-scale land use changes in the Americas during New World-Old World contact between 1450 and 1700 CE, suggests a Nature Communications paper. The findings are based on data from an Antarctic ice core, dated up to about 500 years old.
	Researchers provide unprecedented view into aerosol formation in Earth's lower atmosphere Eighty-five percent of the Earth's air resides in the lowest layer of its atmosphere, or troposphere. Yet, major gaps remain in our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry that drives changes in the troposphere's composition.
	Understanding wind and water at the equator are key to more accurate future climate projections: Study Getting climate models to mimic real-time observations when it comes to warming is critical—small discrepancies can lead to misunderstandings about the rate of global warming as the climate changes. A new study from North Carolina State University and Duke University finds that when modeling warming trends in the Pacific Ocean, there is still a missing piece to the modeling puzzle: the effect of wind on ocean currents in the equatorial Pacific.
	Morocco winter breaks heat records: Meteorologists Morocco experienced record heat this winter, including the hottest January since measurements began, the country's meteorological department told AFP, placing the blame on climate change.
	Ever heard of the Maritime Continent? It's not far from Australia—and channels heat around the world Africa, Asia, Australia, Antarctica, North and South America, Europe—and the Maritime Continent.
	Frozen in time: Old paintings and new photographs reveal some NZ glaciers may soon be extinct As the austral summer draws to a close, we are preparing to fly over the Southern Alps to survey glaciers. This annual flight supports the longest scientific study of Aotearoa New Zealand's icescapes—and it shows that all of our glaciers have retreated since 1978.
	Q&A: The critical need to address chemical contamination in drinking water A Special Issue of the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology co-edited by Yale School of Public Health Associate Professor Dr. Nicole Deziel, Ph.D., presents the latest research on exposure, health, and justice issues surrounding chemical contamination in drinking water. This Special Issue includes 17 articles authored by experts from around the globe and across multiple disciplines including environmental engineering, hydrology, exposure science, epidemiology, toxicology, and climate science.
	Comparable net radiation between the high-elevation Tibetan Plateau and the low-elevation Yangtze River region: Study Land–atmosphere interactions play a crucial role in shaping Earth's climate system, profoundly influencing weather patterns, climate variables, and ecological processes. Despite being located at similar latitudes, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Yangtze River region (YRR) represent two distinct climate zones, garnering significant attention in this field.
	Deep sea and sediments bring iron to Antarctic waters, finds researcher Deep sea and sediments bring iron to Antarctic waters. The iron that fertilizes the waters around Antarctica mostly comes from the deep, upwelling waters and the sediments around the continent.
	In peatland soil, a warmer climate and elevated carbon dioxide rapidly alter soil organic matter Soils in northern freshwater wetlands, called peatlands, are cold, water-saturated, and acidic. These conditions slow microbes' decomposition of organic matter into greenhouse gases. This process stores carbon in the soil. Researchers use the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment to warm air and soil in a northern Minnesota bog to simulate the effects of climate change on the carbon cycle.
	Crocs, cyclones and 'magnificent melaleucas': Aussie beach named world's best It may have deadly animals and wild weather, but Palm Cove in Australia's northeast has been named the world's best beach, beating rivals in Hawaii, Greece and Fiji.
	New York's new composting plan is ambitious—but controversial New York has begun rolling out a large-scale organic waste collection program, but the landmark initiative has upset many of the local groups that previously handled composting, who say they now face critical funding cuts.
	How countries in conflict zones can recover from floods—lessons from Pakistan More than 6,000 people died and at least 11,000 reportedly disappeared in the aftermath of the destructive flood that hit Libya on September 10 2023.
	Q&A: A cutting-edge methane monitor After more than seven years of development, MethaneSAT recently launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. A collaboration between the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Environmental Defense Fund and other partners, MethaneSAT will be capable of spotting methane emissions from space, producing data from high-resolution images that can cover hundreds of square kilometers at a time.

Astronomy and Space news

	Extended horizontal branch detected in globular cluster NGC 1835 Using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), astronomers have investigated the stellar population of the globular cluster NGC 1835. They detected a remarkably extended horizontal branch in this system. The discovery, reported February 28 on the preprint server arXiv, marks the first time when such a feature is found in a globular cluster beyond our Milky Way galaxy.
	Astronomers spot oldest 'dead' galaxy yet observed A galaxy that suddenly stopped forming new stars more than 13 billion years ago has been observed by astronomers.
	Star ripped apart by black hole in rare discovery Astronomers from the University of Hawaiʻi Institute for Astronomy (IfA) have uncovered the closest recorded occurrence of a star being torn apart by a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Using the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) system, on February 22, 2023, the team detected a sudden surge in brightness followed by a rapid dimming in the galaxy NGC 3799, located about 160 million light-years from Earth.
	Astrophysicists unveil new phenomenon challenging textbook definition of white dwarf stars Scientists have revealed why some white dwarfs mysteriously stop cooling—changing ideas on just how old stars really are and what happens to them when they die.
	Finding new physics in debris from colliding neutron stars Neutron star mergers are a treasure trove for new physics signals, with implications for determining the true nature of dark matter, according to research from Washington University in St. Louis.
	Subaru Telescope discovers the faintest moon around icy giant planets Using some of the largest telescopes in the world, including the Subaru Telescope, a team of astronomers discovered three new natural satellites orbiting the outermost planets in our solar system—one around Uranus and two around Neptune. One of the new moons, initially detected by the Subaru Telescope, is the faintest moon ever discovered by ground-based telescopes.
	SpaceX eyes March 14 for next Starship test launch Elon Musk's SpaceX on Wednesday announced it was eyeing March 14 as the earliest date for the next test launch of its giant Starship rocket, with which it hopes to one day colonize Mars.
	Scientists use James Webb Space Telescope to uncover clues about Neptune's evolution A ring of icy rocks orbiting our sun just beyond Neptune may give us a glimpse of how Neptune—and other objects in the outskirts of our solar system—were formed.
	More planets than stars: Kepler's legacy The Kepler mission enabled the discovery of thousands of exoplanets, revealing a deep truth about our place in the cosmos: There are more planets than stars in the Milky Way galaxy. The road to this fundamental change in our understanding of the universe, however, required almost 20 years of persistence before the mission became a reality with its selection in 2001.
	Back on Earth: NASA's Orion capsule put to the test before crewed mission The Orion spacecraft that traveled around the moon and back during 2022's Artemis I mission completed a different round trip when it recently returned to Ohio for testing.
	What are Hubble and Webb observing right now? NASA tool has the answer It's not hard to find out what NASA's Hubble and James Webb space telescopes have observed in the past. Barely a week goes by without news of a cosmic discovery made possible using images, spectra, and other data captured by NASA's prolific astronomical observatories.
	Study find potential benefits in AI–based systems for spotting hard-to-detect space debris An increasing number of space objects, debris, and satellites in Low Earth Orbit poses a significant threat of collisions during space operations. The situation is currently monitored by radar and radio-telescopes that track space objects, but much of space debris is composed of very small metallic objects that are difficult to detect.
	Just add AI for expert astronaut ultrasound Ultrasound devices are commonplace in modern orbital medical kits, helping to facilitate rapid diagnoses of astronaut ailments or bodily changes. However it takes real-time guidance from experts on the ground to acquire medically useful ultrasound images. Once astronauts travel to the moon or further into the solar system such guidance will no longer be practical due to the time delay involved. A new ESA-led project aims to leverage AI and Machine Learning so that astronauts can perform close to expert quality ultrasound exams by themselves.

Technology news

	The AI bassist: Sony's vision for a new paradigm in music production Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools are becoming increasingly advanced and are now used to produce various personalized content, including images, videos, logos, and audio recordings. Researchers at Sony Computer Science Laboratories (CSL) have recently been working on tools for producers and artists that can assist them in creating new music.
	Healable cathode could unlock potential of solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries Researchers have moved one step closer to making solid-state batteries from lithium and sulfur a practical reality. A team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego developed a new cathode material for solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries that is electrically conductive and structurally healable—features that overcome the limitations of these batteries' current cathodes.
	3D reflector microchips could speed development of 6G wireless Cornell University researchers have developed a semiconductor chip that will enable ever-smaller devices to operate at the higher frequencies needed for future 6G communication technology.
	DeepMind demonstrates Genie, an AI app that can generate playable 2D worlds from a single image AI researchers at Google's DeepMind, working with colleagues at the University of British Columbia, have announced the development of Genie, an AI-backed application capable of turning a single image into a playable 2D virtual world.
	Researchers reach new AI benchmark for computer graphics Computer graphic simulations can represent natural phenomena such as tornados, underwater, vortices, and liquid foams more accurately thanks to an advancement in creating artificial intelligence (AI) neural networks.
	New compact chips can convert light into microwaves The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and its collaborators have delivered a small but mighty advancement in timing technology: compact chips that seamlessly convert light into microwaves. This chip could improve GPS, the quality of phone and internet connections, the accuracy of radar and sensing systems, and other technologies that rely on high-precision timing and communication.
	New hydrogen producing method is simpler and safer, researchers say Researchers in Sweden unveiled a new concept for producing hydrogen energy more efficiently, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen without the dangerous risk of mixing the two gases.
	Europe's Digital Markets Act is forcing tech giants to make changes. Here's what that will look like Europeans scrolling their phones and computers this week will get new choices for default browsers and search engines, where to download iPhone apps and how their personal online data is used.
	OpenAI rejects Musk's accusations of 'betrayal' OpenAI, the firm behind ChatGPT, on Tuesday denied Elon Musk's accusations of "betrayal" of its original mission and said it would push to have them dismissed in court.
	EU looks to AI to battle cyber threats The European Union is poised to use artificial intelligence and other tools to create a "cyber shield" protecting critical infrastructure and sectors from threats, officials said Wednesday.
	What is a GPU? An expert explains the chips powering the AI boom, and why they're worth trillions As the world rushes to make use of the latest wave of AI technologies, one piece of high-tech hardware has become a surprisingly hot commodity: the graphics processing unit, or GPU.
	Lithium-ion batteries don't work well in the cold. A battery researcher explains the chemistry at low temperatures Rechargeable batteries are great for storing energy and powering electronics from smartphones to electric vehicles. In cold environments, however, they can be more difficult to charge and may even catch on fire.
	Descriptive boost for visual accessibility There are an estimated 280 million people in the world with debilitating levels of visual impairment. A new tool to empower them with a richer understanding of their surroundings is presented in the International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation.
	Liquid lens–based holographic camera captures real 3D scenes Holography technology can restore the complete light field information of a recorded object, which has important applications in fields such as biological microscopic imaging and optical micromanipulation.
	Learning the intrinsic dynamics of spatio-temporal processes through Latent Dynamics Networks The result of a new study on the intrinsic dynamics of spatio-temporal processes conducted at the MOX laboratory of the Politecnico di Milano (Department of Mathematics) by Francesco Regazzoni, Stefano Pagani, Matteo Salvador has been published in Nature Communications.
	EU will force big tech to change 'behaviour': competition chief The EU is prepared to deploy its full arsenal to force big tech companies to change their behavior online, the bloc's competition chief said Wednesday, the day before a sweeping new law comes into force.
	Researchers create viscose from recycled textiles At present, viscose textiles are made of biomass from the forest, and there is no such thing as fully recycled viscose. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have now succeeded in making new viscose—from worn-out cotton sheets.
	Research shows survey participants duped by AI-generated images nearly 40% of the time If you recently had trouble figuring out if an image of a person is real or generated through artificial intelligence (AI), you're not alone.
	Innovation in the skies: New approach to unmanned aerial vehicle-driven engineering inspections In a study published in Engineering, a collaborative team of researchers from Shanghai University and international experts have unveiled a cutting-edge approach to optimizing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection routes and schedules for engineering projects.
	Microsoft engineer sounds alarm on AI image-generator to US officials and company's board A Microsoft engineer is sounding alarms about offensive and harmful imagery he says is too easily made by the company's artificial intelligence image-generator tool, sending letters on Wednesday to U.S. regulators and the tech giant's board of directors urging them to take action.
	Chinese national arrested in US for stealing Google AI technology A Chinese software engineer was arrested Wednesday for allegedly stealing artificial intelligence technology from Google while secretly working for two Chinese companies, US Attorney General Merrick Garland said.
	Epic-Apple feud tests EU big tech law Epic Games on Wednesday called on the EU to swiftly enforce its major new law governing big tech after Apple halted the Fortnite-maker's effort to develop a competing app store for its devices.
	Advanced noise suppression technology for improved search and rescue drones Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have received significant attention in recent years across many sectors, such as military, agriculture, construction, and disaster management. These versatile machines offer remote access to hard-to-get or hazardous areas and excellent surveillance capabilities.
	Research exposes security, privacy and safety issues in female technology apps used to track fertility, monthly cycles Experts at Royal Holloway, University of London, Newcastle University, University of London, and ETH Zurich have identified significant security, privacy, and safety issues surrounding FemTech, which can pose a potential threat to users.
	Hong Kong minister says no social media ban under security law Hong Kong's justice minister said Wednesday the city does not plan to ban social media under a proposed national security law after a public consultation document included suggestions that some apps should be barred.
	Artificial intelligence in banks can exacerbate social inequalities Almost no matter what we do, we leave behind data about who we are. This is also true in banking. In many cases, this data is used in ways that are useful to us. For example, it's nice for 50-year-olds not to receive advertising for housing savings for young people.
	US lawmakers push for TikTok to cut ByteDance ties or face ban US lawmakers moved Wednesday to pressure TikTok to sever ties with its Chinese parent company ByteDance or face a ban, in a push to keep social media apps out of foreign adversaries' control.
	Visibility restoration for real-world hazy images via improved physical model and Gaussian total variation Under real-world haze conditions, captured images not only suffer from the haze but also are affected by the noise, which significantly deteriorates the visibility of images. However, most of existing haze removal methods mainly focus on haze degradation and fail to consider noise interference.
	Artificial intelligence advances electrolyte design, understanding of battery interface mechanisms Recently, the National Science Open magazine published online a review article by Professor Jiao Shuhong's group from the University of Science and Technology of China and Professor Cheng Tao's team from Suzhou University. The review discussed the preliminary application and huge development potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in battery interface research.
	Edge-nitrogen doped porous carbon for energy-storage potassium-ion hybrid capacitors A research team has published new research on edge-nitrogen doped porous carbon for energy-storage potassium-ion hybrid capacitors in Energy Material Advances.
	Social media outages hurt small businesses—so it's important to have a backup plan To businesses that rely on social media platforms for advertising, client communication or direct sales, Tuesday's Meta platforms outage was more than a communal inconvenience.
	Boeing slammed for dragging feet in Alaska Airlines probe The head of the federal investigation into a troubled January flight on a Boeing 737 MAX jet blasted the aviation giant on Wednesday for not providing key information quickly.

Chemistry news

	Study shows 3D-covalent organic frameworks can be tuned using structural isomers Porous solids are abundant in the world. Examples include activated carbon, zeolite, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Solid electrolytes in next-generation batteries have ion migration channels and hence are porous solids in a broad sense. Because the properties of porous solids are dictated by pore size, the way the pores are connected internally, and the chemical nature of the pore walls, achieving high degrees of freedom in designing these properties is crucial.
	Earth-abundant iron catalysis enables access to valuable dialkylated compounds National University of Singapore (NUS) chemists have solved a longstanding challenge in the synthesis of congested C(sp3)-rich molecules by developing a new iron-catalyzed reaction that generates two alkyl-alkyl bonds in crowded environments. The work is published in Nature Catalysis.
	Metal-organic framework research makes key advance toward removing pesticide from groundwater Scientists led by an Oregon State University chemistry researcher are closing in on a new tool for tackling the global problem of weedkiller-tainted groundwater.
	Chemists break barriers and open up super-resolution molecule mass analysis A team of chemists led by Prof. Albert Heck puts a new spin on analyzing and understanding molecules. By ingeniously improving current measuring equipment, the team was able to trap and observe individual molecules for a much longer period—up to 25 seconds. This extended observation time enabled them to see the finer details of molecules, enhancing their understanding.
	Scientists reveal molecular mysteries to control silica scaling in water treatment Collaborative research that combined experiments at Yale University and molecular dynamics simulations at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory provides new insights into solving a major technical obstacle to efficient and sustainable industrial operations.
	Mystery of curling paper solved Although mankind has been using paper for at least 2,000 years, it still presents us with one or two mysteries. For example, it was previously unknown why paper printed on one side using inkjet printing starts to curl up after a few hours to days, even if it was flat after printing and drying.
	Introducing multi-component liquid-infused surfaces for adaptive and functional coatings Surface coatings have long been essential in various industries, offering protection and functionality. In recent years, liquid-infused surfaces (LIS) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology, revolutionizing how we approach surface coatings.
	Photocatalytic nonoxidative coupling of methane to ethylene over carbon-doped ZnO/Au catalysts A study on the photocatalytic nonoxidative coupling of methane to ethylene over carbon-doped ZnO/Au catalysts was published by Prof. Wei Xiao (College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University) and Dr. Yuhao Peng (College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University).

Biology news

	Bumblebees surprise scientists with advanced social learning skills In a groundbreaking discovery, bumblebees have been shown to possess a previously unseen level of cognitive sophistication. A new study, published in Nature, reveals that these fuzzy pollinators can learn complex, multi-step tasks through social interaction, even if they cannot figure them out on their own. This challenges the long-held belief that such advanced social learning is unique to humans, and even hints at the presence of key elements of cumulative culture in these insects.
	Scientists CT scanned thousands of natural history specimens, which you can access for free Natural history museums have entered a new stage of scientific discovery and accessibility with the completion of openVertebrate (oVert), a five-year collaborative project among 18 institutions to create 3D reconstructions of vertebrate specimens and make them freely available online.
	Birds, beetles, bugs could help replace pesticides: Study Natural predators like birds, beetles and bugs might be an effective alternative to pesticides, keeping crop-devouring pests populations down while boosting crop yields, researchers said Wednesday.
	Breaking the mold: Research challenges ecological norms in yeast communities Kyle David, an NSF postdoctoral fellow in the Rokas lab, and co-authors have published a new paper, "Saccharomycotina yeasts defy longstanding macroecological patterns," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This paper, which looks at the ecology of 186 species of yeast, provides evidence that not all life forms follow the rules.
	Microbes impact coral bleaching susceptibility, new study shows A new study provides insights into the role of microbes and their interaction as drivers of interspecific differences in coral thermal bleaching. The study was published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
	Researchers find gene mutation responsible for brown giant pandas A multi-institutional team of geneticists in China has discovered the gene mutation responsible for a brown coat in giant pandas. In their study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group sequenced the genes of a captive giant panda with a brown coat and compared the results with the genes of hundreds of black and white pandas.
	Study finds wild bees are developing tolerance to veterinary drugs Stingless bees in the Colombian Andes are adapting to a derivative of the ubiquitous insecticide ivermectin, which the bees ingest along with pollen from pasture flowers, according to a new study.
	Revealing the evolutionary origin of genomic imprinting  Some of our genes can be expressed or silenced depending on whether we inherited them from our mother or our father. The mechanism behind this phenomenon, known as genomic imprinting, is determined by DNA modifications during egg and sperm production.
	New analysis uncovers major issues with earlier suggestions that Spinosaurus pursued prey underwater For years, controversy has swirled around how a Cretaceous-era, sail-backed dinosaur—the giant Spinosaurus aegyptiacus—hunted its prey. Spinosaurus was among the largest predators ever to prowl the Earth and one of the most adapted to water, but was it an aquatic denizen of the seas, diving deep to chase down its meals, or a semiaquatic wader that snatched prey from the shallows close to shore?
	'Frozen behaviors' in amber fossils: How to reconstruct mating behavior of long-extinct termites Approximately 38 million years ago two termites were in the middle of courtship behavior when they got entrapped by tree resin and preserved in fossilized amber. This, so far, oldest and only-described fossil of an Electrotermes affinis termite pair gave researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) the unique chance to analyze the mating behavior of the extinct insects.
	New deep-sea worm discovered at methane seep off Costa Rica Greg Rouse, a marine biologist at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and other researchers have discovered a new species of deep-sea worm living near a methane seep some 50 kilometers (30 miles) off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Rouse, curator of the Scripps Benthic Invertebrate Collection, co-authored a study describing the new species in the journal PLOS ONE.
	Genetic mutation in a quarter of all Labradors hard-wires them for obesity New research finds around a quarter of Labrador retriever dogs face a double-whammy of feeling hungry all the time and burning fewer calories due to a genetic mutation. The results are published in the journal Science Advances.
	Scientists uncover evidence for a new form of collective sensing in electric elephantnose fish It would be a game-changer if all members of a basketball team could see out of each other's eyes in addition to their own. A research duo at Columbia's Zuckerman Institute has found evidence that this kind of collective sensing occurs in close-knit groups of African weakly electric fish, also known as elephantnose fish. This instantaneous sharing of sensory intelligence could help the fish locate food, friends and foes.
	Synthetic DNA sheds light on mysterious difference between living cells at different points in evolution "Random DNA" is naturally active in the one-celled fungi yeast, while such DNA is turned off as its natural state in mammalian cells, despite their having a common ancestor a billion years ago and the same basic molecular machinery, a new study finds.
	A universal tool for tracking cell-to-cell interactions One of the fundamental goals of basic biology is understanding how diverse cell types work in concert to form tissues, organs, and organ systems. Recent efforts to catalog the different cell types in every tissue in our bodies are a step in the right direction, but only one piece of the puzzle. The great mystery of how those cells communicate with one another remains unsolved.
	Researchers investigate archaea to discover how proteins determine cell shape and function Originally discovered in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents, archaea, a single-celled microorganism, can also be found in the digestive systems of animals, including humans in which they play a key role in gut health. Yet, little is known about the function of these cells or how they form the distinct shapes they assume to match their environments.
	Galápagos giant tortoises study suggests they may be in danger due to invasive Cedrela odorata trees An international team of wildlife researchers has found that the giant tortoises living on the Galápagos islands may be in danger of losing a major food resource due to the encroachment of invasive Cedrela odorata trees.
	Marine algae implants could boost crop yields Scientists have discovered the gene that enables marine algae to make a unique type of chlorophyll. They successfully implanted this gene in a land plant, paving the way for better crop yields on less land.
	What makes birds so smart? Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum explain how it is possible for the small brains of pigeons, parrots and corvids to perform equally well as those of mammals, despite their significant differences.
	Global warming is affecting bats' hibernation, study shows Global change is altering the physiology of the hibernation and behavior of bats, according to a study led by the University of Barcelona, carried out over 20 years. Given the milder winters in Spain, bats are accumulating less fat reserves in autumn, they shorten their hibernation periods and they leave their winter shelter sooner. These changes could alter the migration pattern of bats and the phenology of their seasonal displacements.
	New insights into the dynamics of microbial communities Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Plön, within the Department of Theoretical Biology, characterized a recently discovered dynamical regime of microbial communities and used it to explain empirical patterns of marine plankton. There, strong and diverse interactions, combined with weak dispersal, fuel a continuous turnover of the small set of very abundant species, such that success is ephemeral and every species is equivalent in alternating between rarity and dominance.
	Early life adversity leaves long-term signatures in baboon DNA Early experiences in an animal's life can have a significant impact on its capacity to thrive, even years or decades later, and DNA methylation may help record their effects.
	Studying the relationships among cancer-promoting proteins Researchers from the Bhogaraju Group at EMBL Grenoble have gained new insights into how a cancer-relevant family of proteins bind their targets. The results of the study, published in The EMBO Journal, could potentially help in the development of drugs against certain chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-resistant cancers.
	Study explains how a fungus can control the corn leafhopper, an extremely harmful pest The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis has become a serious problem for farmers. This tiny insect is now widely distributed in the Americas, from the south of the United States to the north of Argentina. In Brazil, it uses only corn plants as hosts, and little is known about its survival mechanisms in the absence of these plants. In corn, it causes damage directly by sucking sap from the phloem, the vascular tissue that conducts sugar and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
	How insects tell different sugars apart Whereas humans have one receptor on their tongues that can detect all sorts of sweet things, from real sugar to artificial sweeteners like aspartame, insects have many receptors that each detect specific types of sugars. Yale researchers have now uncovered one way insect receptors are able to be so selective, an insight they say will help us understand how animals decipher the chemical world and how we might mimic that ability in the future.
	First atom-level structure of packaged viral genome reveals new properties and dynamics A computational model of the more than 26 million atoms in a DNA-packed viral capsid expands our understanding of virus structure and DNA dynamics, insights that could provide new research avenues and drug targets, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign researchers report in the journal Nature.
	Not just humans: Bees and chimps can also pass on their skills Bumblebees and chimpanzees can learn skills from their peers so complicated that they could never have mastered them on their own, an ability previously thought to be unique to humans, two studies said on Wednesday.
	Invasive plant time bombs: A hidden ecological threat Invasive plants can stay dormant for decades or even centuries after they have been introduced into an environment before rapidly expanding and wreaking ecological havoc, according to a new study led by the University of California, Davis.
	Research reveals novel herpesvirus in South American pinnipeds New research in PLOS ONE uncovers an important discovery in the study of marine mammal health by being the first study to detect Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 (OtGHV1) in free-ranging South American pinnipeds, as well as a novel herpesvirus Otariid gammaherpesvirus 8 (OtGHV8) in South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) in the Southern Hemisphere.
	India's 'drone sisters' steer farming and social change Once a housewife in rural India, Sharmila Yadav always wanted to be a pilot and is now living her dream remotely, flying a heavy-duty drone across the skies to cultivate the country's picturesque farmlands.
	Researchers study food web flexibility through time A theoretical experiment characterized the network architecture of a species-rich ecosystem over eight months. Predator–prey interaction networks play a key role in structuring ecosystems, but ecological research has often treated such networks as static, despite the broadly accepted understanding of ecosystems as dynamic.
	Hematology discovery could lead to improved medical monitoring, preventive care for elephants Elephants are the natural carriers of a virus called Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) that can, for yet unknown reasons, cause profound clinical signs in some young elephants and be rapidly fatal. For nearly two decades, zoos and university partners have been working to study the virus and develop early detection protocols and treatment options.
	Robber flies track their beetle prey using tiny microbursts of movement April in the Florida Panhandle. It was hot, humid, and a thunderstorm was lurking. But as a fresh graduate student, I was relieved for the escape from my first brutal Minnesota winter. I was accompanying my adviser, Paloma Gonzalez-Bellido, on a project that would end up dominating my Ph.D. work. Out in the scrubland, my eyes darted at every movement, on the alert for an insect that likes shiny beads.
	Exploring the inner workings of stem cells: When location changes the message Stem cells are the body's wellspring of renewal. They can turn into any kind of cell the body needs, from liver to skin to bone. But the well would run dry if all the stem cells transformed.
	More for less: A smarter way to protect biodiversity University of Queensland research has revealed that protecting smaller but more strategic parcels of land will result in better and more cost-effective biodiversity conservation outcomes globally.
	Study sheds light on relationship between mitochondrial calcium dynamics and autophagy Autophagy is a self-eating process for recycling and rejuvenating cellular organelles and components. Intracellular calcium dynamics has been shown to be essential for the initiation of the autophagy process.
	Engineers facilitate the restoration of lake deltas Engineers from EPFL and partner organizations have developed a method for classifying lacustrine deltas based on morphological parameters, in order to determine which of the deltas severely altered by human activity are best suited for restoration to their natural state.
	From Texas to Tennessee: Burrowing owl makes odd migration, draws attention Birds migrating from north to south are a given, but migrating from the southwest to the southeast is a little rarer. A burrowing owl is overwintering on a Tennessee River peninsula near New Johnsonville, Tennessee, marking the first sighting of the species in the state, and a Mississippi State wildlife ecologist is researching the fascinating oddity.
	Comparison of diploid and triploid hybrid fish from the same parents The determination of animal growth rate and body size is an interesting scientific issue, and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved can guide agricultural production for genetic breeding. However, differences in the genetic background across species have led to slow progress in related research.
	A new genus of fungi on grasses While ecologically important, small mushrooms on monocots (grasses and sedges) are rarely studied and a lack of information about their habitat and DNA sequences creates difficulties in determining their presence or absence in ecological studies and their genetic relationships to other mushroom taxa.
	Uncovering the cyclization mechanism of cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase The polysaccharide β-1,2-glucan consists of repeating units of glucose linked together by β-1,2-glycosidic bonds. Cyclic β-1,2-glucans (CβGs) occur in different bacterial species and have a role in bacterial infections and symbiotic relationships. CβG biosynthesis is catalyzed by cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase (CGS), an enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization (closed ring formation) of linear β-1,2-glucan (LβG).

Medicine and Health news

	Scientists unravel tumor neutrophil complexity, discover therapeutic subset In a study published in Cell on March 5, Prof. Zhang Xiaoming at the Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (SIII) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Profs. Gao Qiang, Fan Jia and Yang Li at Fudan University have uncovered an unexpected level of complexity hidden within neutrophils, which were previously thought to be a relatively uniform population of short-lived immune cells.
	Research team uncovers novel receptor function in fragile X syndrome Fragile X syndrome is one of the most commonly inherited forms of autism and intellectual disability, and no treatment currently exists. But a team of University of Illinois researchers led by Vipendra Kumar, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, has discovered a novel receptor function that may be used in a therapeutic approach to treatment.
	Model estimates who benefits most from frequent COVID-19 boosters Patients kept asking a question that Nathan Lo, MD, Ph.D., infectious disease specialist, had a hard time answering: How often should I get my booster shot for COVID-19?
	Nanosurgical tool could be key to cancer breakthrough A high-tech double-barrel nanopipette, developed by University of Leeds scientists, and applied to the global medical challenge of cancer, has—for the first time—enabled researchers to see how individual living cancer cells react to treatment and change over time—providing vital understanding that could help doctors develop more effective cancer medication. Their findings are published in the journal Science Advances.
	Schizophrenia and aging may share a common biological basis: Genetic changes in two types of brain cells Researchers from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, and McLean Hospital have uncovered a strikingly similar suite of changes in gene activity in brain tissue from people with schizophrenia and from older adults. These changes suggest a common biological basis for the cognitive impairment often seen in people with schizophrenia and in the elderly.
	Study in mice reveals how the body copes with airway closure There is perhaps no bodily function more essential for humans and other mammals than breathing. With each breath, we suffuse our bodies with oxygen-rich air that keeps our organs and tissues healthy and working properly—and without oxygen, we can survive mere minutes.
	A noninvasive treatment may protect patients from memory impairment and cognitive effects of chemotherapy Patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience cognitive effects such as memory impairment and difficulty concentrating—a condition commonly known as "chemo brain."
	Study finds consuming refined carbs might be linked to perceived facial attractiveness In a new study, participants' levels of consumption of refined carbohydrates were statistically linked with their facial attractiveness as rated by heterosexual volunteers of the opposite sex. Visine and colleagues at the University of Montpellier, France, present these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE.
	COVID-19 physiological impacts vary by sex, wearable technology reveals Males and females have differential physiological responses to COVID-19 infections, with males having larger increases in skin temperature, breathing rate and heart rate during an acute infection. That is the conclusion of a new study that used data from wearable devices and was published in PLOS ONE by Lorenz Risch of the Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein and collaborators.
	New study may broaden the picture of the consequences of childhood adversity A research team has examined the link between adverse childhood experiences and the risk of mental health problems later in life, according to a study in JAMA Psychiatry. The researchers from Karolinska Institutet and University of Iceland have found that the risk of suffering from mental illness later in life among those experiencing significant adversity in childhood can be partly explained by factors shared by family members, such as genetics and environment.
	Gene discovered that can protect against severe muscle disease A specific gene may play a key role in new treatments that prevent muscle in the body from breaking down in serious muscle diseases, or muscular dystrophies. This is shown in a new study carried out at Umeå University, Sweden, which has been published in Nature Communications.
	Novel device for stomach complaints is successful in human trial An endoscopic mapping device, developed over the course of a decade by scientists at the Auckland Bioengineering Institute, consists of an inflatable sphere covered in sensors, delivered down the esophagus and able to measure electrical activity in the gut.
	Study examines delayed pediatric diagnoses in emergency departments Emergency departments (EDs) that see fewer pediatric patients are more likely to give delayed diagnoses for serious medical conditions compared to those who see pediatric patients more often, according to a Northwestern Medicine study published in JAMA Pediatrics.
	Despite their prevalence, arthritis, neck and back pain receive few research dollars, analysis finds Musculoskeletal diseases—a diverse category of conditions affecting bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues—affect more than 1 in 3 people in the United States and are a leading driver of health care spending with an estimated cost of more than $380 billion in 2016, putting them ahead of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Conditions that impact many people, incur high financial costs to individuals and society and negatively impact quality of life for individuals and their loved ones are said to carry a high disease burden.
	Regularly stimulated axons do not pass on increases in performance to their neighbors, shows hearing study A complex network of nerve fibers and synapses in the brain is responsible for transmission of information. When a nerve cell is stimulated, it generates signals in the form of electrochemical impulses, which propagate along the membrane of long nerve cell projections called axons. How quickly the information is transmitted depends on various factors such as the diameter of the axon.
	New microscopy tech answers fundamental questions in neuroscience The mammalian brain is a web of densely interconnected neurons, yet one of the mysteries in neuroscience is how tools that capture relatively few components of brain activity have allowed scientists to predict behavior in mice. It is hard to believe that much of the brain's complexity is irrelevant background noise.
	Micro- and nanoplastics in the body are passed on during cancer cell division, finds study The gastrointestinal tract is already known to researchers as a major storage site for micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPs) in the human body. A research consortium consisting of the University of Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and other partners under the leadership of CBmed GmbH in Graz has now investigated the effects of the tiny plastic particles on cancer cells in the human gastrointestinal tract.
	Why some RNA drugs work better than others Spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, is the leading genetic cause of infant death. Less than a decade ago, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) Professor Adrian Krainer showed this brutal disease can be treated by tweaking a process called RNA splicing. This breakthrough resulted in Spinraza, the first effective treatment for SMA. It also opened a new frontier in drug development.
	Researchers decode neuronal basis of decision-making processes to predict actions For decades, neuroscientists have been trying to understand how we manage to make the best possible decisions. Due to technical limitations, researchers have so far had to rely on experiments in which monkeys perform tasks on computer screens while the activity of their brain cells is measured.
	Lung cancer cells protected from cigarette smoke damage, researchers find Lung cancer cells survive better and exhibit less cell damage when exposed to cigarette smoke in cell culture experiments compared to non-cancerous lung cells. New research by a team of undergraduate students led by a Penn State molecular biologist may have revealed how lung cancer cells can persist in smoke. The mechanism could be related to how cancer cells develop resistance to pharmaceutical treatments as well.
	Study: Protein helps prevent breast cancer metastasis While better screening and improved treatments are leading to better outcomes for patients with breast cancer, 90% of breast cancer deaths are a result of metastasis, or the cancer growing and spreading to other parts of the body.
	Decoding the language of epigenetic modifications Epigenetic changes play important roles in cancer, metabolic and aging-related diseases, but also during loss of resilience as they cause the genetic material to be incorrectly interpreted in affected cells. A major study by scientists at Helmholtz Munich, now published in Nature, provides important new insights into how complex epigenetic modification signatures regulate the genome. This study will pave the way for new treatments of diseases caused by faulty epigenetic machineries.
	How fusion proteins hijack gene regulators to spur childhood cancer Many childhood cancers start with a hijacking at the molecular level. A group of abnormal proteins known as fusion proteins aberrantly engages with a collection of proteins that switches genes on and off. As a result, genes that should be activated get repressed, and genes that should be repressed get activated, causing cancer.
	Espresso yourself: Wearable tech measures emotional responses to coffee Researchers in Italy have introduced a novel approach for assessing the quality of coffee. In a pioneering new study, they have demonstrated the feasibility of using wearable technology to measure the emotional responses of coffee experts during tastings.
	Study reveals genetic clusters and biological pathways that may explain differences in type 2 diabetes risk The development and progression of type 2 diabetes are affected by numerous biological processes, such as the body's response to insulin, the health of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, and the functioning of metabolic pathways.
	Lit from within: How tiny wireless bulbs could revolutionize clinical health care Researchers from the University of St Andrews and the University of Cologne have developed a new device platform that allows for smaller wireless light sources to be placed within the human body.
	Coaches can boost athletes' mental health by being 'authentic leaders' Sports coaches could strengthen athletes' mental health and protect them from mental illness by adopting an "authentic leadership" style, a new study reveals.
	Communities of color across the US suffer a growing burden from polluted air, study suggests Despite progress toward cleaner air in the US, a new study suggests that communities of color across the nation are shouldering a growing burden of diseases linked to air pollution. A paper published today by researchers at the George Washington University suggests that racial and ethnic disparities in cases of pollutant-linked diseases like asthma increased during the last decade.
	Injectable hydrogel mitigates damage to the right ventricle of the heart, study finds An injectable hydrogel can mitigate damage to the right ventricle of the heart with chronic pressure overload, according to a new study published in JACC: Basic to Translational Science.
	Study finds AI can speed design of health software Artificial intelligence helped clinicians to accelerate the design of diabetes prevention software, a new study finds. Publishing in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, the study examined the capabilities of a form of artificial intelligence (AI) called generative AI or GenAI, which predicts likely options for the next word in any sentence based on how billions of people used words in context on the internet.
	Factors associated with age-related hearing loss differ between males and females, finds study Certain factors associated with developing age-related hearing loss differ by sex, including weight, smoking behavior, and hormone exposure, according to a study published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Dong Woo Nam from Chungbuk National University Hospital, South Korea, and colleagues.
	Weight loss and diabetes management drug linked to increased residual gastric content before anesthesia Safety concerns for patients undergoing anesthesia who use glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), which are medications approved for diabetes and weight management, were revealed in a UTHealth Houston study published in JAMA Surgery.
	Why do I need to get up during the night to urinate? Is this normal? It can be normal to wake up once or even twice during the night to wee, especially as we get older.
	Death doulas: Helping people at the end of their life You may have heard of a birth doula—someone who provides non-medical support and advocacy throughout pregnancy, birth and after the baby has been born. More recently, so-called death doulas—people who assist at the other end of the lifespan—have been growing in popularity.
	Trial shows safety of controlled graphene inhalation A revolutionary nanomaterial with huge potential to tackle multiple global challenges could be developed further without acute risk to human health, research suggests. The study is published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
	Efforts underway to eliminate harmful race-based clinical algorithms Increased attention to harmful race-based clinical algorithms—equations and decision-making tools that misuse race as a proxy for genetic or biological ancestry—has led to the reconsideration of these algorithms in many medical specialties.
	Study finds facilities treating poor patients penalized by CMS payment model A new study of more than 2,000 dialysis facilities randomized to a new Medicare payment model aimed to improve outcomes for patients with end-stage kidney disease has found that facilities that disproportionately serve populations with high social risk have lower use of home dialysis and transplant waitlisting and fewer kidney transplants. These facilities thus received reduced performance scores and reimbursement from Medicare.
	New therapeutic approaches for hypertension using TRPV2 proteins Researchers at the UAB have carried out two revealing studies on TRPV2, a key ion channel in several cellular functions, which points to it being a possible new therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension. They have discovered the vessel-dilating effects of its activation, and they have also identified a molecule capable of activating it in a more potent way than the drugs known to date.
	A method for personalizing treatment for relapsed AML A cellular profiling method called dynamic BH3 profiling (DBP), developed by investigators at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, has the potential to help guide personalized treatment for relapsed, drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML), according to a new study published in Blood Cancer Discovery.
	Should ADHD medications be stopped during pregnancy? A new study led by The University of Western Australia looked at whether medications used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be stopped during pregnancy.
	Regular e-cigarette use could lead to premature vascular dysfunction, study finds Regular electronic cigarette use has been linked with signs of premature vascular dysfunction, raising concerns about potential long-term health effects, according to a study by Virginia Commonwealth University researchers.
	Investing in a universal COVID-19 vaccine would be worth it Four years into the COVID-19 pandemic, the disease is still responsible for more than 3,000 U.S. deaths a month, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	Eight common questions new parents ask about vitamin K Vitamin K is a nutrient that helps blood clot or stop bleeding. Most adults get vitamin K from their food. Bacteria in the large intestines also make some vitamin K that the body can absorb.
	Chronic fatigue offers clues to long COVID New research by La Trobe University has uncovered the intricate relationship between two debilitating conditions, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID; offering insights into disease pathologies and potential treatment avenues.
	Everything you need to know about the new over-the-counter birth control pill coming to retailers After approval from the Food and Drug Administration last summer, Opill, a daily oral contraceptive, is now coming to retailers, making it the first birth control pill available without a prescription.
	Microvillus inclusion disease: From organoids to new treatments Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare type of congenital enteropathy in infants that causes devastating diarrhea and an inability to absorb food. Infants can lose liters of fluid a day, become severely dehydrated, and stop growing. There is no specific treatment.
	Researchers teach AI skin-cancer diagnosis tool to see color McMaster oncology researchers are harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to improve health outcomes for people of color.
	Social determinants of health increase Alzheimer's risk Social determinants of health are increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia, finds a recent study from the Brown School and the School of Medicine at Washington University in St. Louis.
	More than half of American Indian youth may have abnormal or high cholesterol More than 70% of American Indian young adults aged 20–39 and 50% of American Indian teens have cholesterol levels or elevated fat in the blood that puts them at risk for cardiovascular disease, suggests a new study. In some cases, these levels—specifically high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often thought of as "bad cholesterol"—were linked to plaque buildup and cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke.
	Living near leafy trees doesn't always protect kids from asthma Trees play a big role in how children in cities develop asthma. But it's not as simple as "more trees equals less asthma." It depends on the season: trees decrease the risk of developing asthma during the leafy season but increase the risk during the pollen season.
	Better regulation of private rental properties could reduce deaths, injuries at home, researchers say New regulations for private rental properties are needed to reduce injuries from slips, trips and falls at home, researchers at the University of Otago, Wellington, say.
	Small version of a CERN detector could deliver more precise radiotherapy of head tumors Particle detectors like the ones used by physicists at CERN can have wide applications beyond fundamental research. Scientists from the German National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) at Heidelberg University Hospital are now testing a new imaging device supplied by the Czech company ADVACAM on its first patients.
	Living heart muscle slices drive RNA research into heart failure Researchers from Hannover Medical School (MHH) have placed living human heart tissue in a nutrient solution and used it to test new drugs and innovative approaches to combat heart failure.
	Skin of color underrepresented in AI programs in dermatology Challenges relating to artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology and its application to skin of color (SOC) are partly due to underrepresentation of SOC in datasets, according to research published online March 6 in the International Journal of Dermatology.
	Infant mortality rates vary across race, Hispanic-origin groups There is variation in infant mortality rates across maternal race and Hispanic-origin groups and by selected maternal characteristics, according to the March 5 National Vital Statistics Reports, a publication from the National Center for Health Statistics.
	FDA clears first OTC continuous blood glucose monitor The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday approved the country's first over-the-counter continuous glucose monitor for type 2 diabetes.
	Augmentation cystoplasty safe for children with neurogenic bladder For children with neurogenic bladder, augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is safe and effective, with low surgical and metabolic complication rates, according to a study published online Feb. 20 in Scientific Reports.
	AAAAI: Nasal delivery of epinephrine safe, effective for anaphylaxis Nasal powder formulations of epinephrine are effective and show superior stability to EpiPens, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, held from Feb. 23 to 26 in Washington, D.C.
	Endolymphatic hydrops, nystagmus can help ID subgroups of Meniere disease Subgroups of Meniere disease (MD) can be made based on the presence or absence of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and nystagmus, according to a study published online Jan. 10 in Frontiers in Neurology.
	AAAAI: Early-life day care attendance may lower risk for asthma, allergies Early-life day care attendance may be protective against allergen sensitization, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, held from Feb. 23 to 26 in Washington, D.C.
	Many can't access mental health services that save money, keep people out of jail When it comes to giving at-risk Americans access to the mental health services they need, prevention is far better than detention, new research confirms.
	Validated COuGH RefleX score can predict likelihood of GERD The validated Cough, Overweight/Obesity, Globus, Hiatal Hernia, Regurgitation, and Male Sex (COuGH RefluX) score can predict the likelihood of proven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms, according to a study published online Feb. 1 in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
	Tacrolimus microemulsion has good efficacy, safety for scalp psoriasis For scalp psoriasis, 0.1 percent tacrolimus microemulsion has good efficacy and safety, according to a study published online Feb. 12 in Dermatology and Therapy.
	Higher use of health care portal seen during COVID-19 pandemic Health care portal use was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a study published online on Feb. 29 in JAMA Network Open.
	Study: Peer pressure susceptibility lasts into adulthood The term "peer pressure" is often linked to the experiences of children or teenagers in extreme situations. One University of Texas at Dallas researcher wondered if adults continue to succumb to similar pressures of social conformity in everyday situations.
	GZ17-6.02 with proteasome inhibitors kills multiple myeloma cells A new research paper titled "GZ17-6.02 interacts with proteasome inhibitors to kill multiple myeloma cells" has been published in Oncotarget.
	Exploring the effects of dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin on DNA methylation clocks A new research paper titled "Exploring the effects of dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin on DNA methylation clocks: a longitudinal study on senolytic interventions" has been published in Aging.
	Study finds many kids with sickle cell anemia lack preventative care Children with sickle cell anemia are vulnerable to serious infections and stroke, but many do not receive the preventative care that could help them stay healthier for longer, a Children's Hospital Los Angeles study has found.
	Psychosocial stressors linked to higher inflammation in Black pregnant women Living in neighborhoods with more white residents and greater lifetime experiences of racial discrimination are linked to increased systemic inflammation during pregnancy among Black women, according to new research led by a team from Penn State.
	Study takes wider view at household size, children's development Researchers from The University of Texas at Dallas' School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS) are taking a more detailed look at how children's language development is influenced by the number of people in their households.
	Poverty shown to reduce women's ovarian reserves Earlier menopause onset is associated with a variety of health consequences, including osteoporosis, neurologic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Evidence suggests that the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool leads to menopause. A new study proposes that neighborhood disadvantage may affect the ovarian reserve and the timing of menopause. Results of the survey are published in Menopause.
	Impact of COVID on people with epilepsy: Higher rate of deaths and hospital admissions People with epilepsy had a higher risk of being hospitalized with COVID and of dying from COVID during the first 15 months of the pandemic, new research led by Swansea University and the University of Edinburgh has found.
	Radioguided surgery can detect, remove metastatic lymph nodes in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients: Study Radioguided surgery can detect and remove metastatic pelvic lymph nodes in patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, according to research published in the The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is overexpressed in most prostate cancer patients, radioguided surgery can improve nodal staging to guide treatment recommendations for this important patient population.
	Long-acting opioids may be unnecessary in study of total knee replacement In a new study, researchers have found that replacing long-acting with immediate-release opioids after total knee replacement surgery resulted in comparable pain management but less nausea-medication usage and less need for residential rehabilitation after hospital discharge.
	Researchers develop test to ID aggressive ovarian cancers early Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have developed an algorithm to identify high-risk precancerous lesions on the fallopian tubes. Known as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs), these lesions are thought to be the main precursors of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most common form of ovarian cancer in women.
	Improving women's fertility choices: Avoiding environmental catastrophe caused by population growth Declining fertility rates and aging populations in Western nations have recently set off alarm bells, but continued global population growth will actually raise the pressure billions more people place on a destroyed environment, according to new research.
	Children surpass a year of HIV remission after treatment pause Four children have remained free of detectable HIV for more than one year after their antiretroviral therapy (ART) was paused to see if they could achieve HIV remission, according to a presentation today at the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) in Denver.
	Researchers evaluate accuracy of online health news using easily accessible AI It can be challenging to gauge the quality of online news—questioning whether it is real or fake. When it comes to health news and press releases about medical treatments and procedures, the issue can be even more complex, especially if the story is not complete and still doesn't necessarily fall into the category of fake news.
	Study could lead to new way to detect brain changes associated with Alzheimer's risk New research suggests there is a link between abnormal blood levels of amyloid—a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease—and subtle changes in brain microstructures on a type of MRI, findings that could lead to a new way to detect Alzheimer's earlier in people with no clinical signs.
	Virtual reality exposure plus electric brain stimulation offers a promising treatment for PTSD Combining two treatments could be a promising option for people, especially military veterans, whose lives are negatively affected by post-traumatic stress disorder, a new study shows.
	A step towards clinic-ready patient-derived organoids for pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer carries the highest mortality rate of all major cancers and is projected to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States by 2030. It is especially difficult to treat because pancreatic tumors grow so quickly and are constantly evolving, making them prone to developing drug resistance.
	Examining the value of online health checks for medical info Research in the International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing introduces a new model aimed at assessing the credibility and relevance of online health care information. With the proliferation of online health advice, the challenge of distinguishing trustworthy sources from false information has become increasingly important for patients and their caregivers.
	Using AI to predict the spread of lung cancer For decades, scientists and pathologists have tried, without much success, to come up with a way to determine which individual lung cancer patients are at greatest risk of having their illness spread, or metastasize, to other parts of the body.
	Black people half as likely to be evaluated for genetic testing as white people, finds study Genetic testing has become a more common way to diagnose and manage many neurologic conditions including dementia, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy, but a new study has found not everyone may have the same level of access to these tests.
	Does stroke risk linked to sleep apnea vary by race? The risk of stroke tied to sleep apnea may vary for Black people and white people, according to a study published in Neurology.
	People with essential tremor may have increased risk of dementia Dementia may be three times more common among people with essential tremor, a movement disorder that causes involuntary shaking, than the general population, according to research released today, March 6, 2024. The study will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 76th Annual Meeting taking place April 13–18, 2024, in person in Denver and online.
	Rare inflammatory disease responds best to double inhibition, shows study Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and often aggressive syndrome of hyperactive inflammation with up to a 40% mortality rate. Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have shown that a drug inhibiting two major inflammatory signaling proteins works better than drugs inhibiting either protein alone in models of HLH. The drug ruxolitinib, which inhibits both inflammation-related signaling proteins Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2, was superior to other drugs tested, which inhibited only JAK1 or JAK2.
	Airflow dynamics are as important as the volume of air flow in dispersing pathogens, study finds If you've ever wondered why some folks never catch the office or school cold, where they're sitting might be keeping them from the path of pathogens, according to new UBC Okanagan research.
	Pilot study confirms feasibility, acceptability of bowel symptom intervention studies In a pilot study, a telephone-based dietary intervention designed to improve bowel function was shown to be widely acceptable to participants who had had surgery for rectal cancer. The intervention did not significantly improve overall bowel function in these participants, but it did provide some benefit, and the pilot demonstrated that it is feasible to conduct large studies of such approaches.
	Study reveals unexpected literacy in autistic people who cannot speak About one-third of autistic people are unable to communicate using speech, and most are never provided an effective alternative. However, a new study from scientists at the University of Virginia suggests that many of these individuals are literate, raising the possibility that they could learn to express themselves through writing.
	Medical malpractice incidents are more severe during daylight saving time, new study finds Medical malpractice incidents are more severe during the months of the year when daylight saving time is observed in the U.S., according to a new study that examined three decades of malpractice claims.
	Quit medicine for farming? South Korean doctors speak out From the outside, Seoul's main hospitals seem unchanged: ambulances pull up, patients walk in, staff in white coats walk around purposefully. But for weeks, South Korean health care has been struggling.
	Wearing makeup may affect skin during exercise New research published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology reveals the effects of wearing cosmetic foundation during aerobic exercise on the skin and its pores.
	Has Medicaid expansion affected pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes? The Affordable Care Act (ACA) aims to broaden health care access, but its effect on maternal and newborn health among women with gestational diabetes—or diabetes that develops during pregnancy—across diverse demographics is unclear.
	Data provide new perspective for understanding the antidepressant-like effects of a diabetes drug Research in animals has shown that the diabetes drug dulaglutide, which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist may reduce symptoms of depression. A new study published in Brain and Behavior reveals the mechanisms that are likely involved.
	Trends and outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament injury treatments in children Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have increased in recent decades among children. Because re-injuries after ACL reconstruction are higher in children compared with adults, anterolateral augmentation procedures may reduce re-injury rates after ACL reconstruction in youth.
	Q&A: Understanding the CDC's updated COVID isolation guidance For the first time since 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has updated its COVID isolation guidance.
	Why is there a shortage of estrogen patches in Australia again? Since 2020 or so, there have been recurring national shortages of estrogen transdermal patches in Australia.
	An early start to spring allergies Though it technically may still be winter, spring allergies in Houston are out in full force. An expert with Baylor College of Medicine gives an upcoming pollen and mold forecast and reviews how to properly use some allergy relief options.
	Responding to mental health challenges in aftermath of panhandle wildfires Natural disasters are traumatic events, and the wildfires that began in the Texas Panhandle on Feb. 27 are no exception.
	Perspectives of youth, parents and teachers on menstruation, endometriosis and menstrual health education Western Sydney University has released an insightful new report into young people's experiences, knowledge, and preferences regarding menstruation and menstrual health education, finding 78% of students surveyed through the research reported that their periods stopped them from participating in activities.
	New research shows licensed venues clinging to cigarette vending machines One hundred years after the introduction of cigarette vending machines in Australia, new research shows that businesses have no plans to consign them to history.
	Free COVID test orders to end on March 8 Americans will not be able to order free at-home COVID tests after Friday, U.S. health officials announced Tuesday.
	What's the difference between kidney cysts and polycystic kidney disease? March is National Kidney Month, which makes this a good time to learn more about the difference between two kidney disorders—kidney cysts and polycystic kidney disease.
	Study quantifies dramatic rise in school shootings and related fatalities since 1970 The incidence of school shootings more than quadrupled over the past 53 years, according to a new study analyzing data from the Center for Homeland Defense and Security (CHDS). To curtail the trend and help prevent future school shootings, researchers offered five key steps to address the problem through a public health approach.
	A good pedometer encourages physical activity—but not for everyone eHealth can improve our lifestyle without the involvement of a health care provider. Talia Cohen Rodrigues investigated the possibilities for people with cardiovascular diseases. She will defend her doctoral thesis on 14 March.
	Are we mining memories or exploiting older people? New research demands a rethink of Applied Theater Imagine your grandmother's life story distilled into a performance, applause washing over her as strangers dissect her past. Sounds heart-warming, doesn't it? Not so fast, warns a new study from the University of Surrey.
	Research reveals how to perform the perfect AFL handball A Deakin University study has unlocked the secret to executing the perfect handball just in time for the 2024 AFL season.
	Study: Vaccinated people had lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes Among people who had COVID-19, those who had received the latest vaccine had a lower risk of having a severe outcome than those who had not, according to new Cleveland Clinic research published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.

Other Sciences news

	Standing together against hate: A collective responsibility Hate speech incidents are widespread in all areas of society and are often unchallenged by uninvolved bystanders. LMU researchers have investigated what significance the reactions of bystanders to verbal hate attacks have for the formation of social norms.
	Ancient stone tools found in Ukraine date to over 1 million years ago, and may be oldest in Europe Ancient stone tools found in western Ukraine may be the oldest known evidence of early human presence in Europe, according to research published Wednesday in the journal Nature.
	The dangers of misaligned product co-development contracts and how they can derail innovation in high-tech firms Researchers from Mansoura University and University of Guelph published a new Journal of Marketing study that examines how misaligned contracts can erode innovation outcomes of high-tech firms. The study, titled "Collaborating to Innovate: Balancing Strategy Dividend and Transactional Efficiencies," is authored by Nehal Elhelaly and Sourav Ray.
	Film festivals are becoming more diverse in several ways, new study reports A group of Tallinn University researchers has published an innovative study that sheds light on the intricate dynamics of the global film festival circuit, revealing insights into diversity and public value creation within the industry. The research demonstrates that festival programming has become more thematically diverse, and the inclusion of films by women creatives has increased between 2012–2021.
	Fake academic papers are on the rise: Why they're a danger and how to stop them In the 1800s, British colonists in India set about trying to reduce the cobra population, which was making life and trade very difficult in Delhi. They began to pay a bounty for dead cobras. The strategy very quickly resulted in the widespread breeding of cobras for cash.
	Emotion-tracking AI on the job: Workers fear being watched—and misunderstood Emotion artificial intelligence uses biological signals such as vocal tone, facial expressions and data from wearable devices as well as text and how people use their computers, promising to detect and predict how someone is feeling. It is used in contexts both mundane, like entertainment, and high stakes, like the workplace, hiring and health care.
	Women want to climb the corporate ladder—but not at any price The consulting firm Spencer Stuart recently published a study of top management at Fortune 500 companies, the 500 richest companies in the United States.
	AI art and human creativity Text-to-image generative AI systems like Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E can produce images based on text prompts that, had they been produced by humans, would plausibly be judged as "creative." Some artists have argued that these programs are a threat to human creativity. If AI comes to be relied on to produce most new visual works, drawing on what has been done before, creative progress could stagnate.
	Nature experiences may hold the key to a healthier relationship with time According to a new study published in People and Nature, there is mounting evidence that nature can help humans address the time pressure of contemporary urban lifestyles by contributing to the regulation of the human sense of time. A better understanding of the relationship between natural environments and human time perception can help design healthier living environments.
	Older adults want to express themselves with emojis, they just don't understand how to A new study from the University of Ottawa is providing insight into how different generations are interpreting the use of emojis in their communications, with older adults unsure of how to use them as frequently as younger adults despite understanding their meaning.
	Lost tombs and quarries rediscovered on British military base in Cyprus More than forty archaeological sites in Cyprus dating potentially as far back as the Bronze Age that were thought lost to history have been relocated by University of Leicester scientists working for the Ministry of Defence.
	What drives 'drug-induced homicide' prosecutions in North Carolina? A new study finds that prosecutors in North Carolina believe "drug-induced homicide" (DIH) laws are effective at both reducing drug overdoses in a community and curtailing the distribution of illicit drugs. These beliefs are worth noting because there is no evidence to support them, while there is evidence that DIH prosecutions make people in affected communities less likely to call 911—and may actually increase the number of overdoses in a community.
	Study finds Black boys are less likely to be identified for special education when matched with Black teachers Black male elementary school students matched to Black teachers are less likely to be identified for special education services, according to new research. The relationship is strongest for economically disadvantaged students.
	Can we still trust public opinion polls? As the dust settles on another Super Tuesday, Americans are watching with bated breath to see how closely the final tallies align with the latest polls.
	Civilian 911 responders can enhance public safety, study finds Deploying paramedics, social workers, and others to non-criminal emergency calls could significantly boost a police department's ability to respond to criminal emergencies while reducing negative interactions with the community, according to new University of Maryland research.
	Research shows people's perceptions can fuel political unrest People's feelings about how morally divided a society is in the lead-up to an election can cause them to have extreme reactions if the result doesn't go their way, like the 6 January 2021 attacks on the US Capitol, new research from The Australian National University (ANU) has shown.
	Research identifies key drivers of life satisfaction and happiness How someone feels about their personal appearance or attractiveness can significantly affect their level of life satisfaction, according to a new study out of York University, which looked at a broad range of factors and their contribution to happiness.
	Are women CEOs more risk-averse than men? Not necessarily, study shows According to a commonly held assumption, women CEOs are more risk-averse than their male counterparts. Some studies have even demonstrated that women in top leadership roles are less likely than men to engage in acquisitions.
	How new product development shapes firms and the economy Understanding product life cycles plays an important role in the innovation arms race, helping to define firm growth and market competition.
	Carbon markets are broken. Here are three ways we can start fixing them Carbon offsetting—where companies or governments atone for their carbon emissions by buying credits to fund projects that are supposed to remove emissions from the atmosphere—has a bad reputation.
	Immigrant women suffer financially for taking maternity leave: 4 ways Canada can improve When people talk about the "Anthropocene," they typically picture the vast impact human societies are having on the planet, from rapid declines in biodiversity to increases in Earth's temperature by burning fossil fuels.
	What do schools need to do to have a good culture and healthy approach to gender? Cranbrook in Sydney's east is one of the most elite boys schools in Australia. On Monday night, the ABC's Four Corners program aired claims some female teachers had been bullied by male staff and sexually harassed by students.
	It's time we include cities and regions as equal partners in global climate negotiations Last year's UN climate conference (COP28) made history in Dubai by introducing—for the very first time—language on "transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems" in the final version of the negotiated text.
	Hispanic health disparities in the US trace back to the Spanish Inquisition Many of the significant health disparities and inequities Hispanic communities in the United States face are tied to a long history of health injustice in the Hispanic world.
	Q&A: 'Geoeconomics' makes sense of a turbulent world A new paper by Stanford economist Matteo Maggiori offers policymakers a framework for understanding how economic power is used to achieve geopolitical goals.
	New report reveals Australia's material use and circular rate Australia's national science agency, CSIRO, has released a new report on the country's material use, highlighting opportunities to transition to a more circular and sustainable economy.
	Nobel laureates warn Milei budget cuts 'canceling' scientific research Sixty-eight Nobel science laureates urged Argentina's self-professed "anarcho-capitalist" President Javier Milei Wednesday to restore budgets for science and technology that have been cut under his drive to slash public spending.

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