Science X Newsletter Tue, Mar 5

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 5, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

New study suggests warming seas are negatively affecting beluga whales' aggregation patterns

Study shows that the ATLAS detector can measure the flux of high-energy supernova neutrinos

Astronomers discover new Saturn-sized exoplanet

Researchers investigate immune response of a man who received 217 COVID vaccinations

What makes black holes grow and new stars form? Machine learning helps solve the mystery

Tiny worms tolerate Chornobyl radiation, new research shows

Special insecticide paint may help curb Zika and dengue fever outbreaks

Groundbreaking survey reveals secrets of planet birth around dozens of stars

New 'digital twin' Earth technology could help predict water-based natural disasters before they strike

8 in 10 lizards could be at risk due to deforestation

'Like a lab in your pocket': New test strips raise game in gene-based diagnostics

Hazardous heat and humidity is widespread in US jails and prisons, and climate change is worsening conditions

Scientists predict the extinction risk for all the world's plants with AI

Breakthrough in nanostructure technology for real-time color display

Atlas of internet surveillance maps ownership of network infrastructures worldwide

Nanotechnology news

	Breakthrough in nanostructure technology for real-time color display A technology that enables the real-time display of colors and shapes through changes in nanostructures has been developed by Professor Kang Hee Ku and her team in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST. The technology has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including smart polymer particles.
	Ballistic transport in long molecular wires: Porphyrin nanoribbons The conductance of classical electric components typically decays with increasing length. In general, this is also the same behavior found at the nanoscale with 1D molecular wires. Now, researchers have demonstrated that, once more, things are different in the nanoworld (i.e. there is plenty of room at the bottom).
	Using light to precisely control single-molecule devices In a new Nature Communications study, Columbia Engineering researchers report that they have built highly conductive, tunable single-molecule devices in which the molecule is attached to leads by using direct metal-metal contacts. Their novel approach uses light to control the electronic properties of the devices and opens the door to broader use of metal-metal contacts that could facilitate electron transport across the single-molecule device.
	Aluminum nanoparticles make tunable green catalysts Catalysts unlock pathways for chemical reactions to unfold at faster and more efficient rates, and the development of new catalytic technologies is a critical part of the green energy transition.
	Harmful 'forever chemicals' removed from water with new electrocatalysis method Scientists from the University of Rochester have developed new electrochemical approaches to clean up pollution from "forever chemicals" found in clothing, food packaging, firefighting foams, and a wide array of other products. A new Journal of Catalysis study describes nanocatalysts developed to remediate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances known as PFAS.
	Team successfully synthesizes atomically precise metal nanoclusters A research team has successfully synthesized a metal nanocluster and determined its crystal structure. Their study provides experimental evidence for understanding and designing nanoclusters with specific properties at the atomic level. Metal nanoclusters have wide-ranging applications in the biomedical field.

Physics news

	Study shows that the ATLAS detector can measure the flux of high-energy supernova neutrinos High-energy neutrinos are extremely rare particles that have so far proved very difficult to detect. Fluxes of these rare particles were first detected by the IceCube Collaboration back in 2013.
	Shortcut to success: Toward fast and robust quantum control through accelerating adiabatic passage In work published in Physical Review Letters researchers at Osaka University's Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN) used "the shortcuts to the adiabaticity (STA)" method to greatly speed-up the adiabatic evolution of spin qubits. The spin flip fidelity after pulse optimization can be as high as 97.8% in GaAs quantum dots. This work may be applicable to other adiabatic passage and may be useful for fast and high-fidelity quantum control.
	Open quantum system shows universal behavior Universal behavior is a central property of phase transitions, which can be seen, for example, in magnets that are no longer magnetic above a certain temperature. A team of researchers from Kaiserslautern, Berlin and Hainan, China, has succeeded for the first time in observing such universal behavior in the temporal development of an open quantum system, a single cesium atom in a bath of rubidium atoms.
	One way to improve a fusion reaction: Use weaknesses as strengths In the Japanese art of Kintsugi, an artist takes the broken shards of a bowl and fuses them back together with gold to make a final product more beautiful than the original.
	New method measures the 3D position of individual atoms For more than a decade it has been possible for physicists to accurately measure the location of individual atoms to a precision smaller than one-thousandth of a millimeter using a special type of microscope. However, this method has so far only provided the x and y coordinates. Information on the vertical position of the atom is lacking.
	Researchers develop method to manipulate structured light without distortion The many properties of light allow it to be manipulated and used for applications that range from very sensitive measurements to communications and intelligent ways to interrogate objects. A compelling degree of freedom is the spatial pattern, called structured light, which can resemble shapes such as donuts and flower petals. For instance, patterns with different numbers of petals can represent letters of the alphabet, and when observed on the other side, deliver the message.
	How scientists' ability to adapt led to new insights into magnetism With time scheduled to use a certain beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II), scientists from NSLS-II and their partner institutions faced a challenge. They planned on researching a special type of region in magnetic materials that could be useful for next-generation computers. Regions in magnetic materials—called magnetic domains—determine a material's magnetic properties. The scientists wanted to study how these magnetic domains changed over time under the influence of an outside magnetic field.
	Scientists launch hub to channel quantum power for good Scientists will work to channel the huge emerging power of quantum computers for the common good at a new institute that opened in Geneva on Tuesday, its founders said.
	New soft magnetic materials for a high-frequency future Imagine tiny magnets powering our world, silently switching energy on and off in phones, cars, and even power grids. These unsung heroes are called soft magnetic materials. However, as devices become faster and more efficient, traditional materials struggle to handle the high frequencies needed by modern devices. Enter ASMCs, the new kids on the block.

Earth news

	New 'digital twin' Earth technology could help predict water-based natural disasters before they strike The water cycle looks simple in theory—but human impacts, climate change, and complicated geography mean that in practice, floods and droughts remain hard to predict. To model water on Earth, you need incredibly high-resolution data across an immense expanse, and you need modeling sophisticated enough to account for everything from snowcaps on mountains to soil moisture in valleys. Now, scientists have made a tremendous step forward by building the most detailed models created to date.
	The Arctic could become 'ice-free' within a decade, say scientists The Arctic could see summer days with practically no sea ice as early as the next couple of years, according to a new study out of the University of Colorado Boulder.
	Opinion: Why hosting an Olympics competition in Tahiti is a really bad idea Last year, the International Olympic Committee announced that the South Pacific island of Tahiti will host the two-day surfing competition for the 2024 Paris Summer Games. The site in question, Teahupo'o, is revered among surfers for the legendary speed and ferocity of its waves; it is equally venerated by locals for the abundant food it provides, the pristine clarity of the lagoon where families swim and its vibrant reefs.
	Soil toxic levels mostly minor after Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado In the weeks following the devastating 2021 Marshall Fire, researchers from CU Boulder sifted through burned and unburned areas to test soils for toxic metals. Today, they report that although concentrations of toxic metals were somewhat higher on burned properties than unburned ones, those concentrations were lower than levels of concern for human health.
	We know the Arctic is warming—what will changing river flows do to its environment? Scientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently combined satellite data, field observations, and sophisticated numerical modeling to paint a picture of how 22.45 million square kilometers of the Arctic will change over the next 80 years.
	After decades of Arctic sea ice getting faster, models suggest a dramatic reversal is coming Will ice floating in the Arctic Ocean move faster or slower over the coming decades? The answer to this question will tell us whether marine transportation can be expected to get more or less hazardous. It might also have important implications for the rate of ice cover loss, which is hugely consequential for Northern Indigenous communities, ecosystems, and the global climate system.
	How does a river breathe? The answer could lead to a better understanding of the global carbon cycle Take a deep breath. Pay attention to how air moves from your nose to your throat before filling your lungs with oxygen. As you exhale your breath, a mix of oxygen and carbon dioxide leaves your nose and mouth.
	Hanoi chokes as Vietnam capital tops most polluted cities list Vietnamese capital Hanoi was blanketed by a thick haze of pollution on Tuesday that obscured high-rise buildings and left the city's nearly nine million people breathing toxic air.
	Greece records warmest winter on record: Expert Greece has recorded its warmest winter, a leading weather scientist said Tuesday.
	The lows and lows of Antarctic sea ice Data from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) have revealed another summer of exceptionally low sea-ice extent around Antarctica.
	Global warming may be behind an increase in the frequency and intensity of cold spells Global warming caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases is already affecting our lives. Scorching summers, more intense heat waves, longer drought periods, more extended floods, and wilder wildfires are consequences linked to this warming.
	In a dangerously warming world, the grim reality of Australia's bushfire emissions must be confronted In the four years since the Black Summer bushfires, Australia has become more focused on how best to prepare for, fight and recover from these traumatic events. But one issue has largely flown under the radar: how the emissions produced by bushfires are measured and reported.
	Yemen faces 'environmental disaster' as sunken ship threatens Red Sea The sinking of a bulk carrier off Yemen after a Huthi missile attack poses grave environmental risks as thousands of tonnes of fertilizer threaten to spill into the Red Sea, officials and experts warn.
	Icy reception for plan to 'save' Venezuela's last glacier A small patch of ice among bare rock is all that remains of Venezuela's last glacier, which the government hopes to restore to its former glory using a geothermal blanket.
	Study explores mixtures of plant species that help green walls clean up the air Green walls can strip pollution from the air—and some plants do it better than others, according to new research from the University of Surrey.
	Satellite catches coastal flooding during California storms A series of atmospheric rivers drenched California in February, with record amounts of rainfall and hurricane-force winds sweeping across parts of the state. At one point, weather agencies posted flood watches for nearly the entirety of California's coast. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission captured data on some of the flooding near the community of Manchester, roughly 105 miles (169 kilometers) north of San Francisco. The satellite is a collaboration between NASA and the French space agency, CNES (Centre National d'Études Spatiales).
	Climbers to pay $13 fee on popular Mount Fuji trail Hikers using the most popular route to climb Japan's Mount Fuji will be charged $13 each from July, with numbers capped to ease congestion and improve safety, a regional official said Tuesday.
	Infernos rage from Texas to Australia as fire season kicks off early After a year of deadly wildfires around the globe, the world is burning again from Texas to Australia—and in some regions, the blazes are igniting early.
	Revolutionizing urban landscapes: The eco-metropolis model The concept of the metropolitan area is pivotal in studying innovation economics and ecological conservation. Recent scholarly perspectives challenge the traditional view of urban development as merely spatial expansion. Instead, they highlight the role of innovative agglomeration, redefining the essence of urban studies. This shift calls for a new paradigm: the eco-metropolis model.
	Video: Stashing carbon for the long haul with healthy soils A key solution for carbon capture and storage is under our feet. We're investigating the interactions between plants, microbes, and geological features in soil with the goal of using healthy soil ecosystems to pull carbon from the atmosphere and stash it underground for a long time, at a low cost.
	Training drones to detect greenhouse gas sources How do you map something that is both invisible and odorless? Researchers at the University of Oslo have trained drones to find the best places to measure greenhouse gases on their own.
	Dutch people adapt their climate beliefs more easily than their behavior, find researchers Climate interventions do not lead to more climate action among Dutch, but they do raise awareness about climate change. That can be derived from the Climate Intervention Webapp, a database that has mapped the most effective strategies for promoting climate beliefs and actions for more than 60 countries.
	Iconic Old West tumbleweeds roll in and blanket parts of suburban Salt Lake City The gnarled icon of the Old West—ominously featured in movies as gunslingers square off on dusty streets and townsfolk shake behind curtained windows—rolled in over the weekend and kept rolling until blanketing some homes and streets in suburban Salt Lake City.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers discover new Saturn-sized exoplanet An international team of astronomers reports the discovery of a new exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star. The newfound alien world, designated TOI-1135 b is young, hot and comparable in size to Saturn. The discovery was detailed in a paper published February 27 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	What makes black holes grow and new stars form? Machine learning helps solve the mystery When they are active, supermassive black holes play a crucial role in the way galaxies evolve. Until now, growth was thought to be triggered by the violent collision of two galaxies followed by their merger; however, new research led by the University of Bath suggests galaxy mergers alone are not enough to fuel a black hole—a reservoir of cold gas at the center the host galaxy is needed too.
	Groundbreaking survey reveals secrets of planet birth around dozens of stars In a series of studies, a team of astronomers has shed new light on the fascinating and complex process of planet formation. The stunning images, captured using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (ESO's VLT) in Chile, represent one of the largest ever surveys of planet-forming disks. The research brings together observations of more than 80 young stars that might have planets forming around them, providing astronomers with a wealth of data and unique insights into how planets arise in different regions of our galaxy.
	Webb unlocks secrets of primeval galaxy Looking deep into space and time, two teams using the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope have studied the exceptionally luminous galaxy GN-z11, which existed when our 13.8 billion-year-old universe was only about 430 million years old.
	Space tourists need better warnings about cosmic radiation exposure, say experts  Space weather experts at the University of Surrey are urging regulators and space tourism innovators to work together to protect their passengers and crews from the risks of space weather radiation exposure.
	Astronauts arrive at International Space Station for swap Three US astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut arrived Tuesday at the International Space Station for a six-month mission on board the orbiting laboratory.
	New NASA astronauts graduate, eying moon—and Mars After two years of rigorous training, ten Americans officially became astronauts on Tuesday, and are now eligible for planned NASA missions to the International Space Station, the moon, and—if all goes well—to Mars.
	Moon lander Odysseus has a new home and brings an artistic project along for the ride The moon lander Odysseus, known as Odie, touched down on the moon's surface on February 22, becoming the first time the U.S. has landed on the moon in more than 50 years and the first commercial moon lander to successfully land on the moon. Along with its science payload, the spacecraft also brought along a fusion of art and space exploration, SETI Institute's Artist in Residence (SETI AIR), Felipe Pérez Santiago's Earthling Project, a collection of global musical compositions representing Earth's cultural diversity and harmony.

Technology news

	Atlas of internet surveillance maps ownership of network infrastructures worldwide A German-American research team led by the University of Konstanz has mapped the ownership of network infrastructures in democratic and authoritarian states worldwide to show how autocrats control the internet via state-owned service providers.
	Researchers invent new triple-junction tandem solar cells with world-record efficiency Scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a novel triple-junction perovskite/Si tandem solar cell that can achieve a certified world-record power conversion efficiency of 27.1% across a solar energy absorption area of 1 sq cm, representing the best-performing triple-junction perovskite/Si tandem solar cell thus far. To achieve this, the team engineered a new cyanate-integrated perovskite solar cell that is stable and energy efficient.
	Smart optimization paves the way for improved silicon solar cell performance In the face of the ever-growing threat of climate change, the past few decades have witnessed great progress in solar energy technology. In particular, silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have become a hot topic in this field since they can reach very high energy conversion efficiencies.
	Deep learning tool may help cut emissions caused by air resistance Deep learning tools have revolutionized aerodynamic engineering for planes, cars and ships, enabling these vehicles to be more fuel efficient and structurally refined. A new computational model pushes the science of reproducing airflow further yet, by relying on neural network architecture to generate accurate predictions while saving time, cost and energy.
	Engineers collaborate with ChatGPT4 to design brain-inspired chips Johns Hopkins electrical and computer engineers are pioneering a new approach to creating neural network chips—neuromorphic accelerators that could power energy-efficient, real-time machine intelligence for next-generation embodied systems like autonomous vehicles and robots.
	One Tech Tip: Change these settings on X to limit calls and hide your IP address Elon Musk's social media platform X has made audio and video calling capabilities available to all users, not just those with paid accounts. But a privacy issue has emerged from the rollout.
	Uber Eats starts robot deliveries in Tokyo "Caution: robot!" chirps the green self-driving delivery vehicle as it trundles down the street to a pork cutlet restaurant in Tokyo to pick up a meal ordered on Uber Eats.
	Five things to know about the EU's landmark digital act The world's biggest digital companies will be forced to comply from Thursday with strict EU rules that Brussels hopes will make the online market fairer for all.
	Supercharged EU armed—at last—to take on tech titans Clamping down harder and faster on abuses of power by the world's biggest digital companies: such is the promise of the European Union's new legal arsenal, which comes into full force from Thursday.
	Bezos dethrones Musk to reclaim title of world's richest man Amazon founder Jeff Bezos took back his spot as the world's richest man on Monday, dethroning Elon Musk on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.
	Nintendo wins battle against piracy software company A company that was sued by Nintendo for creating software that allowed the mass pirating of video games agreed Monday to pay the "Super Mario" maker $2.4 million in damages and shutter the tool.
	Next-gen printed flexible solar cells launched into space State-of-the-art printed flexible solar cell technology developed by Australia's national science agency, CSIRO, was successfully launched into space today (March 5) aboard Australia's largest private satellite, Optimus-1, on Space X's Transporter-10 mission.
	Apple's $2 billion fine heralds a new antitrust dawn Another day, another multibillion-dollar regulatory fine from Europe that will barely dent the balance sheet of a technology giant. Only this time the European Commission's $2 billion penalty against Apple Inc. marks the end of an old, clunky era, and the start of a new one where trust-busters can be quicker and more efficient in policing Silicon Valley's biggest companies. Their secret weapon: a new law called the Digital Markets Act (DMA). It finally comes into force on March 6, when six companies designated as "gatekeepers" will have to comply with its 22 rules.
	Microsoft Ignite conference returns to Chicago in November after 9-year hiatus Nearly a decade after holding its first Microsoft Ignite event in Chicago—and then abruptly pulling up stakes for other cities—the software giant's annual information technology conference is coming back to McCormick Place in November.
	Korean researchers achieve local production of electron beam welding system Dr. Han Seong-Tae's team at KERI's Industry Applications Research Division has developed the core technology of "electron guns," the heart of "electron beam welders," which had been dependent on imports for more than 99%.
	Review examines improvements in organic solar cell stability The development of renewable and clean energy has been recognized as a crucial solution to the problems of deteriorating environment. Owing to the advantages of light weight, transparency, flexibility, and low cost, organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of clean solar energy.
	Google's Gemini showcases more powerful technology, but we're still not close to superhuman AI In December 2023, Google announced the launch of its new large language model (LLM) named Gemini. Gemini now provides the artificial intelligence (AI) foundations of Google products; it is also a direct rival to OpenAI's GPT-4.
	Counterexamples to completeness of major algorithms in distributed constraint optimization problem Researchers from University of Tsukuba have presented counterexamples to assumed key properties of Asynchronous Distributed OPTimization (ADOPT) and its successor algorithms. ADOPT is a well-known algorithm for solving distributed constraint optimization problems.
	Researchers develop model for cost-effective and environmentally friendly pulp and paper industry Aerobic treatment of industrial wastewater from the pulp and paper industry is the most expensive treatment step in the purification process. New research published in Environmental Technology & Innovation shows how the purification of wastewater from pulp manufacturing can be made more energy efficient by predicting the oxygen-transfer rate and thereby enabling a way to regulate the aeration.
	Innovative electricity system balancing tool helps keep Britain's lights on A new cutting-edge tool developed in collaboration with researchers from the University of Strathclyde is helping to revolutionize the real-time balancing of Britain's electricity network.
	Quantum computing will radically alter the application of copyright law, study says Quantum computing will radically transform the application of the law—challenging long-held notions of copyright, a new study says.
	Using generative AI to improve software testing Generative AI is getting plenty of attention for its ability to create text and images. But those media represent only a fraction of the data that proliferate in our society today. Data are generated every time a patient goes through a medical system, a storm impacts a flight, or a person interacts with a software application.
	MH370 disappearance 10 years on: Can we still find it? It has been 10 years since Malaysia Airlines passenger flight MH370 disappeared on March 8 2014. To this day it remains one of the biggest aviation mysteries globally.
	Meta suffers global Facebook, Instagram outage Meta suffered a highly unusual outage of all its social media platforms on Tuesday with users of Facebook, Instagram and Threads locked out of their accounts.
	Dodge muscle cars live on with new versions of the Charger powered by electricity or gasoline America's muscle car culture is adapting to the new world of electric vehicles, but the gasoline-powered high-performance road beasts will be around for at least a few more years.
	New type of voice assistant for production works according to the rules of AI ethics In the future, an intelligent voice assistant will be able to help people in production, even with complex problems. The COALA system relies on the trustworthy use of artificial intelligence and can support the work, training and knowledge transfer of employees via smartphone or tablet and can reduce costs and time. The COALA R&D project comprises 14 partners from five nations. In Germany, BIBA—Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik and the Institute of Technology and Education (ITB) at the University of Bremen were involved.
	Researchers surprised by gender stereotypes in ChatGPT A DTU student has analyzed ChatGPT and revealed that the online service is extremely stereotypical when it comes to gender roles. The analysis is the first step toward providing AI developers with a tool for testing against all types of discriminatory bias.
	Ammonia-powered engines: A path to cleaner and more efficient transportation While the transportation sector has witnessed a dramatic shift toward electric vehicles (EVs), the idea of using hydrogen as a clean and efficient fuel for transportation has been explored for many decades. These vehicles emit water on combustion, and since they are based on the production of existing engine vehicles, they are expected to have a lower manufacturing carbon footprint than EVs.
	The many faces of a zinc anode: Configurations can make a difference in performance Sometimes the solution to a problem can be as simple as changing the way the components are structured. Researchers have proposed a reconfiguration of zinc anodes, a component of renewable energy sources, to help improve the battery and reduce the reliance society has on fossil fuels. The potential that different configurations of a zinc anode can have could reduce costs and side reactions while increasing the safety of the rechargeable zinc metal battery (RZMB) and, of course, improve its "green" rating.
	Ex-Twitter execs sue Musk for unpaid severance Former top executives of Twitter sued Elon Musk on Monday saying he has failed to pay them nearly $130 million after the billionaire took over the social media company and dismissed them.
	Tesla German plant halts production after sabotage claimed by far-left group Tesla halted production at its German factory Tuesday after power lines supplying the electric carmaker's only European plant were set on fire in an act of sabotage claimed by a far-left group.
	US imposes sanctions on spyware group members US authorities announced sanctions Tuesday on parties associated with Intellexa Consortium, citing their role in making and distributing commercial spyware used to target US officials, journalists and others.

Chemistry news

	Communication between rotors in molecular motor observed for the first time A pair of chemists at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, has observed communication between rotors in a molecular motor. In their study, reported in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Carlijn van Beek and Ben Feringa conducted experiments with alkene-based molecular motors.
	Research team develops a wireless sensor for spotting chemical warfare agents The urgent need for advanced detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) to ensure global security has led to the development of a novel gas sensor. This sensor is distinguished by its rapid response, high sensitivity, and compact size, crucial for the early detection of CWAs.
	New technique developed for measurement of temperature distribution inside single catalyst particle Chemical reactions are usually accompanied by thermal effects, inevitably resulting in temperature changes in the reaction system. Therefore, temperature is an important parameter in reactions, which can affect chemical thermodynamics and reaction kinetics.
	Researchers use electrocatalysis for site-specific protein modification Boston College researchers used a mild charge of electricity to precisely modify proteins, a new tool that can be used to develop novel biotherapeutics and protein-based research tools, the team reported recently in the journal Nature Chemistry.
	Research team designs small-scale 'chemical nose' A living organism's nose is essentially a biological molecule detector that sends neurological signals to the brain, which then decodes a particular scent. Human noses, with six million olfactory receptors, can distinguish more than one trillion scents, while some canine noses possess up to 300 million receptors, which provide enhanced sensitivity in parts per trillion.
	Researchers identify materials capable of catalyzing the conversion of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen A research team consisting of NIMS and the Tokyo Institute of Technology has identified materials capable of catalyzing the conversion of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen. These catalysts should be essential to the spread of mass-transportation/storage of liquid hydrogen. The research is published in the journal Exploration.
	New strategy boosts direct electrolysis of dilute carbon dioxide Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial point sources to chemicals and fuels utilizing renewable energy can help to tackle the climate crisis. CO2 electrolysis is one promising route.
	The technological challenge of non-stick pans: Teflon is still more effective than other coatings A protocol designed by the University of Cordoba yields a simple and robust evaluation of the efficiency and durability of different commercial non-stick coatings used for food preparation

Biology news

	New study suggests warming seas are negatively affecting beluga whales' aggregation patterns Until recently, technology limitations have made it challenging to effectively study the aggregation behavior of beluga whales. As climate change continues and sea surface temperatures rise quickly, the ability to do so becomes a priority, requiring methods that can capture data completely and accurately.
	Tiny worms tolerate Chornobyl radiation, new research shows The 1986 disaster at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant transformed the surrounding area into the most radioactive landscape on Earth. Humans were evacuated, but many plants and animals continue to live in the region, despite the high levels of radiation that persist nearly four decades later.
	8 in 10 lizards could be at risk due to deforestation In Colorado, people flock to the Rocky Mountains when the summer heat gets unbearable. Animals seek shelter too when temperatures become extreme, and forests serve as critical sanctuaries for small tree-dwelling animals like lizards.
	Scientists predict the extinction risk for all the world's plants with AI In a new study, published in the journal New Phytologist, a team of scientists from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew have, for the first time, predicted the extinction risk of all 328,565 known species of flowering plants.
	War a biodiversity enemy even in peaceful locales, says study "War is hell" usually applies to war zones, but the Ukraine-Russian war's protracted battles can take a toll on biodiversity as far away as the United States or Brazil.
	A gentle tap to the hive can reveal health of honeybee colonies, study confirms Scientists at Nottingham Trent University investigated how thousands of bees reacted in unison to a very short and weak vibrational knock delivered at randomized times to a number of hives.
	Fossil unearthed in New Zealand contains the largest fossil crab claw ever found A pair of researchers, one a paleoecologist with Utrecht University, the other an independent ancient crab enthusiast, have identified the largest known crab fossil claw ever discovered. In their paper published in the journal New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Barry W. M. van Bakel and Àlex Ossó describe the features of the claw and where the crab that once owned it fits in its family tree.
	Study looks at challenges facing global food production data To understand the food production resources necessary to help feed a growing global population, accurate and up-to-date data, such as crop, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries statistics, are crucial for the implementation of effective food system interventions.
	Researchers demonstrate control of living cells with electronics E. coli bacteria and an electronic device might seem to have little in common, but in a recent experiment, University of Maryland researchers linked them into the first closed-loop system able to communicate across the technological–biological divide.
	What is a whale native to the North Pacific doing off New England? Climate change could be the key Scientists have confirmed the presence of a whale off New England that went extinct in the Atlantic Ocean two centuries ago—an exciting discovery, but one they said that illustrates the impact of climate change on sea life.
	Fossil named 'Attenborough's strange bird' was the first of its kind without teeth No birds alive today have teeth. But that wasn't always the case; many early fossil birds had beaks full of sharp, tiny teeth. In a paper in the journal Cretaceous Research, scientists have described a new species of fossil bird that was the first of its kind to evolve toothlessness; its name, in honor of naturalist Sir David Attenborough, means "Attenborough's strange bird."
	Fossils of giant sea lizard with dagger-like teeth show how our oceans have fundamentally changed since the dinosaur era Paleontologists have discovered a strange new species of marine lizard with dagger-like teeth that lived near the end of the age of dinosaurs. Their findings, published in Cretaceous Research, show a dramatically different ocean ecosystem to what we see today, with numerous giant top predators eating large prey, unlike modern ecosystems where a few apex predators—such as great white sharks, orca and leopard seals—dominate.
	Researchers focus on finding flaws in superbugs' armor Recent years have seen the rise of bacterial pathogens that have developed resistance to antibiotics. One such superbug, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), kills hundreds of critically ill patients in the U.S. each year, usually in hospital settings, by causing blood, lung, or urinary tract infections that don't respond to treatments.
	Lights on fishing nets can protect sea turtles Lights on fishing nets could help save the Mediterranean's threatened sea turtles, new research shows. The work is published in the journal Fisheries Research.
	Sunflower sea stars are critically endangered, but can humans help the species rebound? There are so few sunflower sea stars remaining, researchers don't think there are enough for them to find each other on their own to reproduce—so the species is getting a helping hand from humans.
	Prague, Berlin zoos to reintroduce wild horses to Kazakhstan Prague zoo said Tuesday it would transport eight endangered wild horses to a Kazakhstan steppe in June in a joint project with the Tierpark Berlin zoo.
	Emerging Salmonella variety in dairy cows found to worsen antimicrobial resistance A study of more than 5,000 Salmonella bacteria isolated over 15 years from dairy cattle samples in the Northeast reveals a significant increase in resistance to the antimicrobial medications ampicillin, florfenicol and ceftiofur.
	Honey bees are surprisingly abundant, research shows—but most are wild, not managed in hives There are roughly 100 million managed western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in hives worldwide, with about half in Europe, Africa and western Asia, where the species is native, and the rest in the Americas, Oceania and eastern Asia, where it is introduced.
	Understanding what a dog is trying to communicate Dogs have a remarkable ability to communicate through a variety of sounds, or vocalizations. Because each vocalization conveys a specific message or emotion, understanding the meaning behind different vocalizations can help owners address their pets' needs more effectively, leading to a stronger bond and a happier, healthier dog.
	Research milestone reached as healthy koala leaves treatment program In a research milestone, the first koala to receive the QUT-developed chlamydia vaccine has been released from the program and back into the wild.
	These tiny worm-like creatures in the soil can destroy pests but they can also kill crops—an expert's guide to nematodes Whether you're a gardener growing food for your household, a small-scale farmer or a commercial producer, soil matters. You cannot really tell the difference between healthy and unhealthy soil just by looking at it. But there are organisms in the soil— creatures you can't see with your naked eye—which scientists use to measure soil health.
	Discovering the world of dolphins and their three 'super senses' Imagine that you're in a comfortable room with your cat. You're both sharing the same space, temperature and lighting. But while you're enjoying the décor, and perhaps a book or the taste of hot chocolate, the cat seems intrigued by something else. Maybe she's looking for a treat or making sure that no one infringes on "her" preferred spot, a comfortable armchair near the heater.
	Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of melon provides a high-quality reference for meta-QTL analysis Melon, with its significant economic value and extensive phenotypic diversity, has been cultivated globally for over 4,000 years, featuring two main subspecies that have undergone independent domestication processes. Recent advancements have led to the assembly of several high-quality melon genomes, enhancing our understanding of genetic diversity and improving genetic mapping.
	Deciphering the fragrance code: High-quality sequencing and analysis of the 'XiangQingCai' (XQC) genome 'Vanilla' (XQC, brassica variety chinensis), a Brassica rapa subspecies chinensis, is a vital vegetable crop in the Brassicaceae family, renowned for its intense volatile fragrance. Despite the significant progress that has been made in understanding the genomes of Brassica species, including the discovery of a whole-genome triplication event, XQC's genome remains unexplored.
	A crown rust fungus could help manage two highly invasive plants in Minnesota Though some crown rust fungi are known to cause widespread damage to oat and barley crops, new research from the University of Minnesota suggests a close relative of these major pathogens could actually be a valuable asset in managing two highly invasive wetland plants in Minnesota.
	A consortium of algae and bacteria boosts the production of green hydrogen and biomass while cleaning water The mutual relationship between algae and three bacteria studied by a team at the University of Cordoba presents the highest hydrogen production obtained so far by this type of consortium
	Possible 'Trojan Horse' found for treating stubborn bacterial infections Bacteria can be tricked into sending death signals to stop the growth of their slimy, protective homes that lead to deadly infections, a new study demonstrates.
	'Flying tigers' come to a university's live bird cams project A new feathered face has just popped up in front of the live cameras hosted by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Bird Cams project.
	How bias shows up in maps made with citizen science data When biologist Elizabeth Carlen pulled up in her 2007 Subaru for her first look around St. Louis, she was already checking for the squirrels. Arriving as a newcomer from New York City, Carlen had scrolled through maps and lists of recent sightings in a digital application called iNaturalist. This app is a popular tool for reporting and sharing sightings of animals and plants.
	Microalgae with unusual cell biology could lead to improved understanding of harmful algal blooms What are the molecular processes in a unicellular marine algae species that can cause harmful algal blooms? A research team led by microbiologist Prof. Dr. Ralf Rabus from the University of Oldenburg (Germany) has conducted the first detailed analyses of the unusual cell biology of Prorocentrum cordatum, a globally widespread species of the dinoflagellates group, using both advanced microscopic and proteomics approaches.
	Conservation actions for South Africa's declining white shark population now a matter of urgency, say researchers A group of marine biologists specializing in shark ecology, genetics and fisheries have challenged the findings from a recent study suggesting that South Africa's white shark population has not decreased, but simply redistributed eastwards to flee predation from orcas.
	Revamping production tactics to control blueberry nursery diseases The Georgia blueberry industry has experienced significant growth over the past two decades, leading to increased demand for rooted cuttings. This prompted many growers to begin propagating cuttings both for their own use and for sale to other growers. No preferred method has been established for either propagation per se or disease management during propagation.
	Exploring genetic diversity of new almond accessions In the pursuit of enhancing almond genetic diversity for the ever-expanding global demand, researchers have delved into a private almond germplasm collection, shedding light on the potential for new cultivars adapted to diverse growing conditions.
	Restoration of degraded areas in semi-arid region contributes to 'return' of soil microorganisms, study shows Strategies deployed for the restoration of degraded land have had promising results in Brazil's semi-arid region, improving the microbial properties of the soil and contributing to a return of native ecosystem services. The techniques include removal of cattle or restriction of their access to specific areas of pasture; cultivation of cover crops; and terracing to control erosion. Recovery of soil microbial properties maintains biodiversity and raises crop yields, contributing to agricultural sustainability.
	Study highlights urgency of parasitic wasp release to save native bird Researchers with the University of Minnesota hope to release highly specialized parasitic wasps to serve as a biological control method to save Darwin's finches from a dire threat: the invasive avian vampire fly, Philornis downsi.
	Endangered right whale calf found dead on Georgia's Cumberland Island An endangered North Atlantic right whale calf that was recently spotted with severe wounds from a vessel strike has been found dead on Georgia's Cumberland Island, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said March 2.
	Lumpy skin disease is a threat to Australian cattle industries. We need to know how it could enter and spread Australian authorities are on high alert amid the spread of lumpy skin disease in cattle and buffalo across South-East Asia. While Australia remains free of the disease, the virus is likely to breach our borders at some stage.
	The role of PbrChiA chitinase in ROS regulation and antifungal activity Pear ring rot, a significant threat to pear production, is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, leveraging the complex dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during infection. Initially, plants employ their innate immune system, detecting pathogens through conserved molecular patterns and triggering a defense mechanism that includes ROS bursts, restricting pathogen growth.
	Enhancing sweet cherry breeding: Insights from genotyping-by-sequencing and genome-wide association studies Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most economically important perennial fruit species growing in temperate regions. However, partly due to climate change and biological pressures from pathogens, sweet cherry production in France has been declining since the 1980s.
	Alternative splicing and transcription factor interplay in blood orange anthocyanin biosynthesis The blood orange, renowned for its vibrant color due to anthocyanins, is a focus of increasing demand in the nutraceutical industry, with 'Tarocco' [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] being the most widespread variety. Current research sheds light on the genetic mechanisms underpinning anthocyanin production, such as the activation of the RUBY1 transcription factor and the importance of the MBW complex.
	First baby right whale of season dies from injuries caused by ship collision The first confirmed baby right whale of the year has been found dead from a collision with a ship, a devastating blow for the vanishing species.
	Perturbations in redox status, biochemical indices, genes in the liver following fish exposure to Mancozeb Due to the increased demand for food for the growing population, pesticides are widely used to control diseases and boost productivity. A study published in the journal Gene Expression was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of the fungicide Mancozeb (MZ) in the liver of the fish strain Channa punctatus.

Medicine and Health news

	Researchers investigate immune response of a man who received 217 COVID vaccinations Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen have examined a man who has received more than 200 vaccinations against COVID-19. They learned of his case via newspaper reports.
	Special insecticide paint may help curb Zika and dengue fever outbreaks Malaria and other illnesses caused by parasites, viruses, and bacteria transmitted by organisms that spread infectious pathogens account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases worldwide. These vector-borne diseases, typically transmitted by insects like mosquitoes, flies, and ticks, disproportionally affect the poorest populations in tropical and subtropical regions.
	'Like a lab in your pocket': New test strips raise game in gene-based diagnostics When the pandemic started, people who felt unwell had to join long queues for lab-based PCR tests and then wait for two days to learn if they had the COVID-19 virus or not.
	Hazardous heat and humidity is widespread in US jails and prisons, and climate change is worsening conditions An estimated 1.8 million incarcerated people in the United States have been recently exposed to a dangerous combination of heat and humidity, and on average experience 100 days of these conditions each year—many of them in the 44 states that do not provide universal air conditioning to inmates. Tracking with climate change, in recent decades the number of dangerous humid heat days in carceral facilities has increased, with those in the south experiencing the most rapid warming.
	Complexity of brain activity found to decrease with fetal maturation and to continue decline after birth A team of neurologists and biotechnicians at University Hospital and University of Tübingen, working with a colleague from Imperial College London, reports that brain complexity decreases during fetal maturation and continues after birth.
	New method for studying sperm quality could lead to breakthroughs in male contraception and fertility treatments A novel screening system developed at Kyoto University enables researchers to investigate sperm cell development and health at the molecular level.
	Too little sleep raises risk of type 2 diabetes, suggests study Adults who sleep only three to five hours a day are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This is demonstrated in a new study from Uppsala University, published in JAMA Network Open. It also shows that chronic sleep deprivation cannot be compensated by healthy eating alone.
	Researchers show that menopause does not always impact mental health A new review paper from authors at Brigham and Women's Hospital and collaborators concludes that menopause does not uniformly elevate the risk of depression and other mental health conditions.
	Unlocking the secrets of lung fibrosis with a new mouse model A RIKEN-developed mouse model of an enigmatic lung disease promises to unlock new biological insights and catalyze the development of treatments for millions affected globally. The research is published in Nature Communications.
	Stress hormones can lead to enhanced cognitive abilities in children Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry have investigated how stress hormones affect the early development of brain cells in the cerebral cortex of the fetus. The cortex is the crucial area of the brain for thinking. The team was able to demonstrate causal links between stress hormones and altered brain structure, which relate to higher levels of educational attainment later in life.
	Filament formation enables cancer cells' glutamine addiction Blocking the formation of filaments—multi-enzyme structures that fuel cancer activity—may offer new ways to control cancer cell proliferation, according to a new study led by Cornell researchers.
	Waist-to-height ratio detects obesity in children and adolescents significantly better than BMI, finds study An inexpensive measure of obesity in children and adolescents that could replace body mass index (BMI) has been identified in a new study as waist circumference-to-height ratio. This measure detected excess fat mass and distinguished fat mass from muscle mass in children and adolescents more accurately than BMI.
	World-first trial of regenerative hearing drug is successfully completed Researchers at UCL and UCLH have successfully completed the first trial of a therapy designed to restore hearing loss. The REGAIN trial, the results of which were published in Nature Communications, was the first study of a treatment aimed at restoring lost hearing, focusing on a drug with the technical name gamma-secretase inhibitor LY3056480.
	A smart molecule beats the mutation behind most pancreatic cancer UC San Francisco researchers have designed a candidate drug that could help make pancreatic cancer, which is almost always fatal, a treatable, perhaps even curable, condition.
	Painting a molecular portrait of the brain with mass spectrometry and deep learning Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology researchers Jonathan Sweedler, a professor of chemistry, and Fan Lam, a professor of bioengineering, have outlined how spatial omics technologies can reveal the molecular intricacy of the brain at different scales.
	Researchers explore non-invasive method for sampling drug response Harnessing a pervasive type of cellular messenger shows early experimental promise as a routine way of sampling and monitoring the body's response to prescription drug exposure.
	Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution kills 1 million globally every year, new study finds Every year, more than one million deaths globally occur because of exposure to short-term (hours to days) fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air pollution, according to a new report, with Eastern Asia reporting more than 50% of deaths attributable to short-term PM2.5 globally.
	Earliest-yet Alzheimer's biomarker found in mouse model could point to new targets A surge of a neural-specific protein in the brain is the earliest-yet biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, report University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign researchers studying a mouse model of the disease. Furthermore, the increased protein activity leads to seizures associated with the earliest stages of neurodegeneration, and inhibiting the protein in the mice slowed the onset and progression of seizure activity.
	More than 1/3 illicit drugs sold on the dark web found to contain unexpected substances Testing of illicit drugs bought online found that 35% were not what they said they were, highlighting the urgent need for more local drug testing facilities in Australia to prevent harm and overdose.
	Sweetened drinks linked to atrial fibrillation risk Adults who reported drinking two liters (about 67 ounces) or more of sugar- or artificially sweetened drinks per week had a higher risk of an irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation than adults who drank fewer such beverages, according to new research published today in Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology.
	Living in 'leafy' areas may boost bone density and lower osteoporosis risk, finds study Living in leafy areas near gardens, parks, and green spaces, may boost bone density and lower the risk of osteoporosis, finds research published online in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.
	Study finds coronary artery calcium score is predictive of heart attacks, strokes Coronary artery calcium scoring with CT can identify symptomatic patients with a very low risk of heart attacks or strokes, according to a new study published in Radiology. Researchers said the findings may one day help some patients with stable chest pain avoid invasive coronary angiography.
	Researchers develop implant coating that triggers antibiotic release in response to bacterial infection Degenerative arthritis is no longer exclusive to the elderly population. According to the National Health Insurance Service report covering the years from 2012 to 2022, there has been a 22.8% increase in the prevalence of degenerative arthritis among people in their 20s and 30s. This rise is attributed to prolonged periods of desk sitting and the excessive lifting of heavy sports equipment, both of which can lead to significant cartilage damage.
	Data show even low levels of leisure time physical activity help to lower stroke risk Even people whose physical activity levels fall short of recommended guidelines, but who manage to do some during their leisure time, are likely to have a lower risk of stroke than their sedentary peers, suggests a pooled data analysis of the available evidence, published online in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
	Taking 9,000 to 10,000 steps daily may counteract risk of death and cardiovascular disease in highly sedentary people Every additional step up to around 10,000 steps per day reduces the risk of death and cardiovascular disease (CVD), regardless of how much remaining time is spent sedentary, reports a large population-based study published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
	Does iron accumulate in brain after concussions? People who have headaches after experiencing concussions may also be more likely to have higher levels of iron in areas of the brain, which is a sign of injury to brain cells, according to a preliminary study that will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 76th Annual Meeting taking place April 13–18, 2024, in person in Denver and online.
	Trader Joe's dumplings recalled due to plastic pieces Nearly 62,000 pounds of Trader Joe's Steamed Chicken Soup Dumplings are being recalled because they might contain bits of hard plastic.
	Study finds toddlers fixated on screens talk less with parents Using TVs and tablets as "e-babysitters" really cuts down on the time toddlers spend interacting with parents or other caregivers, new research shows.
	Study finds medical debt linked to worse health status, increased mortality At the county level, medical debt is associated with worse health status, premature death, and increased mortality rates, according to a study published online March 4 in JAMA Network Open.
	Changes seen in mortality patterns among Hispanic groups in pandemic During the pandemic, there were changes in mortality patterns among Hispanic/Latino groups, according to a study published online March 5 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Past 25 years saw increase in number of school shootings in America In the past 25 years, there has been an increase in the number of school shootings in the United States, but no increase in the number of school mass shootings, according to a study published online March 4 in Pediatrics.
	Loss in everyday functioning reported by veterans during pandemic Many veterans with and without documented COVID-19 infection reported a loss of everyday functioning during the pandemic, according to a study published online March 1 in JAMA Network Open.
	Increases in food insecurity seen in US families with older adults From 1999–2003 to 2015–2019, there was an increase in food insecurity among U.S. families with older adults, according to a study published online March 1 in JAMA Health Forum.
	Fecal occult blood testing tied to reduction in colorectal cancer mortality Routine screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is associated with a decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, according to a study published online Feb. 27 in JAMA Network Open.
	Scientists train a bank of AI models to identify patterns of brain activity that signal memory formation The study of brain oscillations has advanced our understanding of brain function. Ripples are a type of fast oscillation underlying the organization of memories. They are affected in neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's. For this reason, they are considered an electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarker. However, ripples exhibit various waveforms and properties that can be missed by standard spectral methods.
	Preschoolers with depression at greater risk of suicide during adolescence: Study Preschoolers with clinical depression are more likely than their peers to have attempted suicide or to have had thoughts of killing themselves by age 12, according to a new study from researchers at Washington University in St. Louis.
	Can Gen Z reverse 'rapid aging'? Why they fear 'aging like milk' The oldest members of Gen Z are still a few years away from turning 30, but their anxiety over what they call "rapid aging" has exploded on social media like a premature time bomb.
	Does magnesium help with sleep? Expert says probably not It's the latest entry in the self-care, sleep-aid craze, taking over your TikTok feed and infusing a mocktail that has drawn the attention of the New York Times.
	People with experience of mental health conditions should be paid to help others, says researcher For anyone diagnosed with physical illnesses, like cancer, it's common for services and organizations to provide peer-support programs.
	Scientists uphold claim that intermittent fasting and Ramadan may lower risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's People who fast intermittently and observe Ramadan, the Muslim month of fasting, may lower the risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson's, according to a study published in the journal Medicina.
	Researchers seek to ensure that people retain their ability to detect scents A decade ago, in a field of orange trees in southern Greece, Stéphane Tawil realized that he had lost his sense of smell—completely.
	Audit of food donations prompts call for new nutrition and safety standards New Curtin University research that analyzed a whopping 85,000 kilograms of food donated to Foodbank WA over five days has prompted calls for an overhaul of laws and policies to ensure safe and nutritious food is available for its vulnerable clients.
	Shift in lesser-known blood types linked to Australia's increasing ethnic diversity The first study to look at the prevalence of lesser-known blood groups within the Australian population that need to be "matched" during a blood transfusion shows they have changed, most likely due to increasing ethnic diversity.
	'How can I stop overthinking everything?' A clinical psychologist offers solutions As a clinical psychologist, I often have clients say they are having trouble with thoughts "on a loop" in their head, which they find difficult to manage.
	MAID and mental health: Does ending the suffering of mental illness mean supporting death or supporting better lives? Recent headlines have highlighted debates among federal parties over the proposal to extend Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) to people suffering solely with mental illness.
	Complicated pregnancies increase the risk of dying of cardiovascular diseases, finds study Researchers from University of Bergen have investigated the relationship between 40-year-old women's pregnancy histories and later risk of dying of cardiovascular diseases.
	Understanding lucid episodes in dementia A recent Mayo Clinic study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia investigated lucid episodes in people living with later stages of dementia, providing insights into how these occurrences reveal themselves.
	Reviewing performance measures for management of major depressive disorder A review by the American College of Physicians (ACP) of performance measures designed to evaluate quality of care for those suffering from major depressive disorder found only 1 of 8 measures relevant to internal medicine physicians to be valid.
	Researchers explore links between gut microbes and effective colon cancer care Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, according to the World Health Organization, and a Kansas State University graduate student is doing research to identify and improve effective colon cancer care.
	Air pollution linked to increased risk for childhood asthma Early-life air pollution is associated with an increased risk for asthma in childhood, according to a study published online Feb. 28 in JAMA Network Open.
	Running performance helped by mathematical research How to optimize running? A new mathematical model has shown, with great precision, the impact that physiological and psychological parameters have on running performance and provides tips for optimized training. The model grew out of research conducted by a French-British team including two CNRS researchers, the results of which appear in the journal Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.
	Improving infant formula safety: A new frontier in pathogen detection Cronobacter sakazakii, a pathogen in powdered infant formula, poses significant risks to neonates, causing outbreaks in NICUs with high mortality rates. This Gram-negative bacterium, resistant to desiccation, can survive in dry environments such as powdered formula.
	Non-cigarette tobacco smoking has soared in England over last decade: Study There are about five times more people smoking non-cigarette tobacco in England now than there were a decade ago, according to a new study led by UCL researchers.
	Do not go: Examining turnover interventions in the health care workplace New research from the University of Alabama at Birmingham shows a significant workforce reshuffling is underway as people increasingly seek environments where they feel valued and appreciated. Amid this backdrop, the recent study is shedding light on the crucial factors for retaining employees.
	Washington, here's your wake-up call: Daylight saving time may impact your heart health Losing an extra hour of sleep may not be the worst thing that could happen when you "spring forward" at the start of daylight saving time. According to the American Heart Association, celebrating its Centennial birthday as the world's leading nonprofit organization focused on heart and brain health for all, scientific researchers have noticed a marked increase in heart attacks and strokes in the days following this time change each year.
	The Atlantic diet: How it compares to its Mediterranean counterpart—and what benefits it might have The Mediterranean diet has long been seen as one of the most beneficial diets out there. It's been associated with many health benefits, including lower risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases (including cancer), better sleep and even good gut health.
	Antibiotic after sex slashes STD rates in study Just one dose of the antibiotic doxycycline taken after sex halved the number of chlamydia and syphilis cases in San Francisco, promising new research shows.
	Portuguese researchers develop first prototype that applies AI to colorectal diagnosis The first prototype that uses artificial intelligence for colorectal diagnosis has been developed by Portuguese researchers from the Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), in Porto, and the IMP Diagnostics Molecular & Anatomic Pathology laboratory. The research is published in npj Precision Oncology.
	How blindness affects the perception of whether an emotion is authentic or posed A research team assessed the emotional authenticity perception in laughter and crying in participants who were born or became blind early in life and in participants who lost their sight later in life. The results showed that the late-blind participants performed worse in the assessment of emotional authenticity.
	Vaping worsens sleep quality and the mental health of young people, suggests study Vape use significantly impacts the sleep quality and anxiety levels of young adults, suggests a new study from the University of Surrey published in the journal Healthcare. Mindfulness was also found to help reduce the risk of young people taking up vaping.
	New study has potential to transform cancer care for expectant mothers in the UK A new study that provides the U.K.'s first comprehensive assessment of cancer during pregnancy can lead to improved treatment, outcomes and experiences of patients and their families, say experts.
	AI analysis predicts smoking during pregnancy may increase the risk of behavioral disorders in newborns The fact that smoking is a risk factor for several diseases, including cancer, stroke, and diabetes, has been known for approximately half a century. However, over the past few decades, scientists have brought to light many of the detrimental effects of smoking during pregnancy, linking this habit to high infant mortality, failed delivery, and low body weight at birth.
	Study finds robotic-assisted surgery for gallbladder cancer as effective as traditional surgery Each year, approximately 2,000 people die annually of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in the U.S., with only one in five cases diagnosed at an early stage. With GBC rated as the first biliary tract cancer and the 17th most deadly cancer worldwide, pressing attention for proper management of the disease must be addressed.
	Sprinting 'like a jet' will produce Premier League strikers of tomorrow Sprinting "like a jet plane taking off" will help produce Premier League star strikers of tomorrow, new research has revealed.
	Cannabis and weight loss drugs found to impact nuclear medicine gastrointestinal scans The use of marijuana and new weight loss pharmaceuticals can have an impact on gastric emptying scans commonly used to evaluate patients with gastrointestinal complaints. With the increased usage of these drugs, physicians need to be more attuned to their side effects to perform gastric emptying scans most effectively, according to research published in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology.
	Overmedicalization of menopause calls for new approach to menopause and aging women, say researchers A new approach to menopause that better prepares and supports women during midlife is needed—going beyond medical treatments, to empower women using high-quality information on symptoms and treatments, empathic clinical care and workplace adjustments as required, says a new four-paper Series published in The Lancet.
	Revolutionizing dentistry: The dental operative microscope Traditionally, dentistry relied on the human eye for diagnosis and treatment. However, as procedures require more precision, conventional methods face limitations, especially in complex cases. The introduction of the DOM in 1981, initially as "Dentiscope," marked a significant milestone. Over the years, DOMs have become indispensable, particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry, improving clarity and addressing ergonomic challenges during long procedures.
	Only 1 in 4 rural US smokers attempted to quit during a one year period, study finds While overall smoking rates among U.S. adults are declining, many communities remain disproportionately burdened by commercial tobacco use and the associated negative health consequences. Smoking prevalence among rural adults stood at 19.2% in 2020, compared to 14.4% for their urban counterparts. Previous research also shows rural people start smoking at younger ages and smoke more heavily than non-rural residents.
	New cardiovascular imaging approach provides a better view of dangerous plaques Researchers have developed a new catheter-based device that combines two powerful optical techniques to image the dangerous plaques that can build up inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart. By providing new details about plaque, the device could help clinicians and researchers improve treatments for preventing heart attacks and strokes.
	Turning skin cells into limb cells sets the stage for regenerative therapy In a collaborative study, researchers from Kyushu University and Harvard Medical School have identified proteins that can turn or "reprogram" fibroblasts—the most commonly found cells in skin and connective tissue—into cells with similar properties to limb progenitor cells. Publishing in Developmental Cell, the researchers' findings have enhanced our understanding of limb development and have set the stage for regenerative therapy in the future.
	New research supports repurposing sildenafil (Viagra) for Alzheimer's treatment New Cleveland Clinic-led research points to sildenafil (Viagra) as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The study provides evidence from computational models, insurance claims data and observations from brain cells in Alzheimer's patients.
	Broccoli-derived compound could help prevent and treat stroke A three-year world-first study by Australia's Heart Research Institute (HRI) has found that a common cruciferous vegetable eaten by millions of Australians every day could prevent and treat one of the nation's biggest killers.
	Semaglutide found to reduce severity of common liver disease in people with HIV A weekly injection of semaglutide was safe and reduced the amount of fat in the liver by 31% in people with HIV and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), according to a presentation today at the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) in Denver. This is the first clinical trial of semaglutide for MASLD in people with HIV. The research was conducted in the United States and Brazil by ACTG, a global clinical trials network focused on HIV and other infectious diseases.
	A call for standardization of controls in lifespan studies A new research perspective titled "On standardization of controls in lifespan studies" has been published in Aging.
	Rising alcohol-related liver cancer prompts new prediction tool Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally. However, its distribution and causes vary greatly across different regions. While areas like Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa see the most cases, the reasons behind them differ significantly.
	Patients with Parkinson's disease who experience freezing of gait have sleep disorders, study shows Parkinson's disease patients who experience freezing of gait (a sudden inability to initiate or continue movement, often resulting in a fall) wake up several times during the night, feel sleepy during the day, and have REM sleep behavior disorder. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep plays a role in the maintenance of many cognitive processes.
	Study finds no safety concerns when the dapivirine vaginal ring is used during the second and third trimesters Results of the third and final cohort of the DELIVER (MTN-042) Phase Ib study found no safety concerns with use of the monthly dapivirine vaginal ring beginning during the second trimester of pregnancy and up to the time of delivery, researchers reported today at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2024) in Denver.
	Researchers explore the science of sleep In a world first, Australian sleep experts were given just eight weeks to develop and run a sleep treatment program that diagnosed and treated more than 30 volunteers and achieved a success rate greater than 80%
	For a healthy fruit snack, what would you choose? Next time you're packing lunch for your kid or reaching for a healthy afternoon bite, consider this: only three types of fruit snacks—dried fruit, fruit puree and canned fruit with juice—meet the latest recommendations for high-nutrition snacks set by federal dietary guidelines, according to research by University of Massachusetts Amherst food scientists.
	Food insecurity correlated to higher risk for overactive bladder There is a strong positive correlation between food insecurity and the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB), according to a study published online Jan. 29 in Frontiers in Nutrition.
	Risk for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease increased after SARS-CoV-2: Study Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have an increased risk for incident autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) compared with matched patients with influenza infection or uninfected controls, according to a study published online March 5 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Additional benefit seen for colonoscopy versus sigmoidoscopy There may be a limited additional colorectal cancer (CRC) screening benefit for colonoscopy compared with sigmoidoscopy, according to a study published online Feb. 29 in JAMA Network Open.
	France enshrines abortion as constitutional right in world first The French parliament on Monday voted to anchor the right to abortion in the constitution, making France the first country in the world to offer explicit protection for terminating a pregnancy in its basic law.
	Shady bleaching jabs fuel health fears, scams in W. Africa In her quest for "fair skin", an Ivorian YouTuber recently visited a market stall in Abidjan to receive several injections promoted as containing whitening agents.
	America worries about health costs: Voters want to hear from Biden and Republicans President Joe Biden is counting on outrage over abortion restrictions to help drive turnout for his reelection. Former President Donald Trump is promising to take another swing at repealing Obamacare.
	California lawsuit spotlights broad legal attack on anti-bias training in health care Los Angeles anesthesiologist Marilyn Singleton was outraged about a California requirement that every continuing medical education course include training in implicit bias—the ways in which physicians' unconscious attitudes might contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in health care.
	Understanding your heart test: What to expect, how to prepare Heart health is an essential part of your overall health and well-being. Your primary care provider will monitor your blood pressure and lab work during an annual physical exam or more frequently. If you have symptoms that indicate your heart may not be functioning properly, such as blood pressure higher than the recommended level, chest pain or swelling in your feet or legs, you may be referred to a cardiologist.
	Managing multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that looks different in everyone who has it—and you may know more people who have it than you think.
	A month after cyberattack, Chicago children's hospital says some systems are back online Doctors and nurses at a premier Chicago children's hospital can again access patients' electronic medical records, more than a month after a cyberattack forced Lurie Children's Hospital to take its networks offline.
	Study shares wāhine Māori birth experiences Improving the sometimes-devastating birth and post-natal experiences of wāhine Māori in Aotearoa is the aim of a group of University of Otago researchers.
	Hearing loss is twice as common in Australia's lowest income groups, research shows Around 1 in 6 Australians has some form of hearing loss, ranging from mild to complete hearing loss. That figure is expected to grow to 1 in 4 by 2050, due in a large part to the country's aging population.
	Clinicians' attitudes towards major changes from the 2020 ACS Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). New evidence has led to dramatic changes in cervical cancer screening recommendations over the past 20 years.
	The Spanish region of Catalonia offers women and girls free and reusable menstruation products Spain's Catalonia region rolled out a pioneering women's health initiative this week that offers reusable menstruation products for free.
	PD-L1 expression guidance on sintilimab vs. pembrolizumab with/without chemotherapy in untreated patients A study published in the journal Science Bulletin was led by Yi-Long Wu (Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG)).
	Statin meds and cholesterol: What you need to know Statins have become the miracle medicine of modern heart care, lowering cholesterol levels and and guarding against heart attacks in millions of Americans.

Other Sciences news

	AI model trained with images can recognize visual indicators of gentrification Seemingly overnight, a yoga studio replaces a barbershop, a coffee café takes over a small grocery, and a multi-story apartment building looms where older single-family homes once stood.
	New timeline for East Asian hominins' tool-making revealed A new study from the Nihewan basin of China has revealed that hominins who possessed advanced knapping abilities equivalent to Mode 2 technological features occupied East Asia as early as 1.1 million years ago (Ma), which is 0.3 Ma earlier than the date associated with the first handaxes found in East Asia. This suggests that Mode 2 hominins dispersed into East Asia much earlier than previously thought.
	Ancient Mesoamericans may have drunk tobacco in healing rituals, reveal archaeologists Archaeologists have analyzed chemical residues from ceramic vases at the city of Cotzumalhuapa, Guatemala, revealing physical evidence of tobacco use in Mesoamerica, likely for ritual and therapeutic purposes.
	Predicting who will experience aesthetic chills Researchers have built a model that can predict with 73.5% accuracy when a person will experience aesthetic chills: shivers, goosebumps, or a feeling of cold down the neck or spine elicited by aesthetic stimuli, such as beautiful music or an inspirational speech. Felix Schoeller and colleagues surveyed 2,937 people from Southern California through an online platform, gathering data on their personalities, demographic backgrounds, and emotional state.
	Archaeologists unearth abandoned townsite at Washington on The Brazos A short walk from the banks of the Brazos River in Washington County, members of a small crew dressed in sun hats and gardening gloves push buckets of mud through metal sieves, picking out nails, bits of glass and ceramic, and other traces of a log cabin that once served as Sam Houston's presidential office.
	Gen Z's climate anxiety is real and needs action, says study New Curtin University research has shown Australian young people have major concerns about climate change, which is having a significant impact on their lives and could have broader consequences decades into the future.
	Self-immolation and other 'spectacular' protests: How impactful are they? On Feb. 25, United States Air Force member Aaron Bushnell set himself on fire outside the Israeli embassy in Washington, D.C.. The 25-year-old, who was in uniform, live-streamed what he called his "extreme act of protest against the genocide of the Palestinian people."
	How reviews are displayed matters with online shopping Online reviews significantly influence consumer decisions, marketing research shows. But when it comes to visual displays, not all online reviews are equal, and their differences might influence product sales.
	Study finds mainstream news outlets do not have a monopoly on credibility in the eyes of the public Images of newsworthy events that appear on news websites and on social media have the same level of credibility in the public's view, regardless of whether they were captured by a professional photojournalist or an amateur photographer, according to new research led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
	Archaeologists uncover the heritage of a marginalized community Archaeologists have excavated the former working-class neighborhood of Vaakunakylä near Oulu, west-central Finland and interviewed its previous inhabitants, revealing the rich heritage of this marginalized community.
	Religion and science beliefs affect attitudes toward mental illness, study finds Beliefs about the relationship between religion and science may be a key factor in people's views on mental health conditions like anxiety and depression, especially in minority racial communities, according to new research from Rice University.
	Transforming early learning through curiosity and interest The key to boosting a child's cognitive and emotional development lies in promoting an active interest in topics or activities, Griffith University researchers have found.
	Decoding cryptocurrency regulation in the legibility framework Since its introduction, cryptocurrency governance has been one of the most controversial global financial topics. While some countries have established elaborate regulations for cryptocurrencies, many countries are still reluctant to oversee the markets, and some have outright banned them.
	Exploring the landscape of shadow education The diverse forms of private tutoring range from one-to-one sessions to large lecture halls with video screens. Parents and students seek this supplement to gain a competitive edge in countries where academic achievement is seen as a pathway to future opportunities. However, concerns regarding the commercialization of education, unequal access based on socioeconomic status, and increased academic pressure on students have made shadow education contentious.
	Study: Historic racial covenants in property deeds linked to disparities in exposure to dangerous heat Historic racial discrimination in property ownership is linked to reduced exposure to dangerous heat today, according to the first study to analyze the environmental impact of racial covenants in property deeds.
	How having self-control leads to power Out-of-control behavior by CEOs and other powerful people constantly makes headlines—so much so that some might consider impulsivity a pathway to power. New research from the UC San Diego Rady School of Management and Texas A&M University finds that having self-control is often what leads to power.
	New research details negative consumer impacts of BLM support on major companies and brands New research in Marketing Science has found that companies and brands that have aligned themselves with Black Lives Matter (BLM) suffered a negative impact at the hands of consumers.
	Review highlights gender gap on Wikipedia Since it was created in 2001, Wikipedia has become a key element of the modern public sphere, which has revolutionized the way we create and share information. However, it has defects when it comes to its decentralization and flexibility, especially regarding inclusion and diversity.
	Economic abuse affects 1 in 7 Kiwi women, research finds Economic abuse is common, affecting about 15% or 1 in 7 women who have been in a relationship, new University of Auckland research finds. The study is published in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
	Ten reasons why Canadians are still dissatisfied with the economy, despite the upswing The COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a global emergency, Canada's GDP outperformed expectations in 2023, the economy seems to be heading for soft landing after a period of stagnation, inflation is winding down and unemployment has decreased to 5.7% in January 2024—close to pre-pandemic levels.
	Nearly 90% of UK voters think it's important to make homes more affordable to heat, finds survey About 87% of voters think that homes that are more affordable to heat are "important" or "very important" for the U.K., according to a study by The University of Bath, Imperial College London, London School of Economics and Political Science and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
	Exploring a socio-ecocentric approach to criminal law to enforce sustainability commitments Associate Professor of Criminal Law Sjarai Lestrade explored the possibility for a socio-ecocentric criminal justice system. She did so in a theme issue of Delikt & Delinkwent on the possible modernization of the Dutch Penal Code.
	Collaboration essential to meet open data challenges, says new report A new report—part of The State of Open Data series—provides real-world insights into how the research community is responding to the challenges of data sharing, including support needed for researchers and the importance of building a stronger collaborative approach to open data and research.
	'Infotainment is coming for your news,' warns academic There are plenty of reasons to worry about the quality of contemporary Canadian journalism beyond shrinking newsrooms and attention spans.

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