Science X Newsletter Fri, Mar 15

Dear ,

Be an ACS Industry Insider: https://solutions.acs.org/industryinsider/

Sign-up and get free, monthly access to articles that cover exciting, cutting edge discoveries in Energy, Environmental Science and Agriculture.

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 15, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A system that allows home robots to cook in collaboration with humans
GALILEO: Scientists propose a new method to search for light dark matter
New research suggests that our universe has no dark matter
Neurological conditions now leading cause of ill health and disability globally, new analysis finds
Arctic nightlife: Seabird colony bursts with sound at night
Abnormal brain structure identified in children with developmental language problems
Snakes: The new, high-protein superfood
Engineers use moisture to pull carbon dioxide out of the air
Newborns with improper kidney development face lifelong challenges: New study offers potential solution
New technique opens up study of immune response to cancer based on DNA locked in old archive cancer samples
World's first N-channel diamond field-effect transistor for CMOS integrated circuits
An invisible water surcharge: Climate warming increases crop water demand in the San Joaquin Valley
New study shows how the brain translates motivation into goal-oriented behavior
New study reveals breakthrough in understanding brain stimulation therapies
Researchers present the world's oldest long-necked marine reptile

Nanotechnology news

	New electron microscopy technique for thermal diffusion measurements A NIMS research team has developed a technique that enables the nanoscale observation of heat propagation paths and behavior within material specimens. This was achieved using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) capable of emitting a pulsed electron beam and a nanosized thermocouple—a high-precision temperature measurement device developed by NIMS. The research is published in Science Advances.
	Boosted exciton mobility approaching the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit in a 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite A study, published in Nature Communications and led by Prof. Liu Xinfeng from the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), recently reported an enhancement in exciton mobility in a two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite (RPP).
	DNA origami-based vaccine platform enhances anti-tumor responses through nanometer-precise spacing of molecules Therapeutic cancer vaccines are a form of immunotherapy in the making that could not only destroy cancer cells in patients, but keep a cancer from coming back and spreading. Multiple therapeutic cancer vaccines are being studied in clinical trials, but despite their promise, they are not routinely used yet by clinical oncologists to treat their patients.
	Driving photochemistry with sub-molecular precision Absorption of light initiates many natural and artificial chemical processes, for example, photosynthesis in plants, human vision, or even 3D printing. Until now, it seemed impossible to control a light-driven chemical reaction at the atomic scale, where only a specific part of one molecule is addressed.
	Printed polymer allows researchers to explore chirality and spin interactions at room temperature A printable organic polymer that assembles into chiral structures when printed has enabled researchers to reliably measure the amount of charge produced in spin-to-charge conversion within a spintronic material at room temperature. The polymer's tunable qualities and versatility make it desirable not only for less expensive, environmentally friendly, printable electronic applications, but also for use in understanding chirality and spin interactions more generally.
	Scientists develop new system to record 2D crystal synthesis in real time Materials scientists at Rice University are shedding light on the intricate growth processes of 2D crystals, paving the way for controlled synthesis of these materials with unprecedented precision.
	New technique in tiny tool tuning: Making microscopic measurements more accurate Fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) combines the sensitivity of atomic force microscopy with microfluidics' capabilities, necessitating precise calibration of its cantilevers for reliable data. Traditional methods, however, struggle with the unique internal structure of FluidFM cantilevers, leading to inaccuracies.
	In vivo production of CAR-T cells using virus-mimetic fusogenic nanovesicles Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthesized membrane proteins that enable lymphocytes to recognize and respond to the specific antigens of target cells. Despite the impressive efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in treating B-cell lymphoma or leukemia, the expensive and complex manufacturing process has hindered its widespread clinical application.
	Not just a lodger: Novel host-guest assembly provides enhanced reactivity By design, synthetic molecules typically have specific jobs to prevent or accelerate reactions between other molecules. To help control more complicated reactions, researchers may harness spare space in one molecule to synthesize another chemical structure. The host-guest assembly can better induce the specific desired reaction than either component individually—if the scientists designing the assembly get it right.

Physics news

	Brighter, cheaper blue light could revolutionize screen technology Researchers have found a new way to simplify the structure of high-efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which could lead to longer-lasting and higher definition television screens.
	Researchers develop a new strategy to enhance blue perovskite LED performance Prof. Cui Linsong's research team from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), cooperating with Prof. Samuel D. Stranks' team from the University of Cambridge, devised a novel strategy to enhance the performance of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite materials. Their work has been published in Nature Photonics.
	Ultra-flat optics for broadband thermal imaging Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) imaging holds critical significance across many applications, from consumer electronics to defense and national security. It finds applications in night vision, remote sensing, and long-range imaging. However, the conventional refractive lenses employed in these imaging systems are bulky and heavy, which is undesirable for almost all applications. Compounding this issue is the fact that many LWIR refractive lenses are crafted from expensive and limited-supply materials, such as germanium.
	New excitation method of stimulated Raman scattering achieves natural-linewidth-limit spectral lines Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) has been developed as an essential quantitative contrast for chemical imaging in recent years. However, the spectral resolution of the mainstream SRS modalities is always lower than the state-of-the-art spontaneous Raman system.
	Chiral transmission by an open evolution trajectory in a non-Hermitian system In non-Hermitian systems, two or more eigenvalues and eigenstates of a resonant system coalesce at Exceptional points (EPs). Dynamic encircling of EPs has received significant interest in recent years, as it leads to highly nontrivial phenomena, such as chiral transmission, in which the final state of the system depends on the encircling handedness.
	Direct laser writing on halide perovskites: From mechanisms to applications Metal halide perovskites have become well-deserved "star" materials among a variety of semiconductors owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties, such as high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), high absorption coefficient, tunable bandgaps, long carrier diffusion lengths, and high defect tolerance, attracting enormous attention from both academia and industry.

Earth news

	Global climate databases work with incorrect data for the tropics, study shows Accurate climate data is immensely important for climate change predictions and modeling. Using a unique climate data set of 170 stations, mainly from the mountains of Tanzania including Kilimanjaro, Dr. Andreas Hemp, researcher at the Chair of Plant Systematics at the University of Bayreuth, shows that the commonly used data sets are inaccurate.
	Study finds lands used for grazing can worsen or help climate change When it comes to global climate change, livestock grazing can be either a blessing or a curse, according to a new study, which offers clues on how to tell the difference.
	Oil resources should stay underground to meet the commitments of the Paris Agreement, study finds In order to limit the increase in global average temperature to 1.5°C, it is essential to drastically reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This would mean not exploiting most of the existing coal, conventional gas and oil energy resources in regions around the world, according to research led by the University of Barcelona and published in the journal Nature Communications.
	Meteorology research: Weak polar vortex makes weather more predictable Events in the stratosphere are making long-range weather in Northern Europe easier to forecast, researchers at LMU have discovered.
	Bridging the gap: Computer scientists develop model to enhance water data from satellites Satellites encircling the Earth collect a bounty of water data about our planet, yet distilling usable information from these sources about our oceans, lakes, rivers and streams can be a challenge.
	Thai tourist hotspot Chiang Mai tops world's most polluted cities Thai tourist hotspot Chiang Mai was blanketed by hazy smog Friday, as residents and visitors to the usually picturesque northern city were left wheezing in the toxic air.
	German greenhouse gas emissions dropped sharply last year, raising hopes of meeting 2030 target Germany's greenhouse gas emissions dropped by one-tenth last year as renewable energy grew in importance, the use of coal and gas diminished and economic pressures weighed on businesses and consumers, official data showed Friday.
	A green revolution: How forests are changing and what it means for the planet Forests are key to mitigating climate change through carbon absorption. Research supports forest management, like reforestation, for carbon sequestration. Yet, the impact of managed forests on soil diversity and carbon storage is debated. Understanding forest patterns globally is vital but complex due to spectral similarities in imagery, highlighting the need for detailed forest management mapping.
	Why unexploded ordnances pose physical, and environmental, risks Two unexploded ordnance were fished out of the Charles River in Needham, Massachusetts, this week.
	Earth just had its warmest February on record: Report Last month continued the world's record-warm streak, with February 2024 ranking as the planet's warmest February on record—the ninth month in a row of record-warm months.
	Climate: Carbon capture tech is booming, and confusing Humanity's failure to reduce planet-heating carbon pollution—at record levels in 2023—has thrust once-marginal options for capping or reducing CO2 in the atmosphere to center stage.
	Arctic cooperation at a standstill because of Russia's war in Ukraine: Report A new ZOiS Report analyzes the various effects of Russia's war against Ukraine on the Arctic region. The authors also assess how a baseline of coordination with Russia on the vital issues of security and climate change could be re-established for the sake of the common good.
	China's urban jungles: How city parks are winning the battle against concrete In the face of rapid urbanization, China has embarked on an impressive journey of urban greening, transforming the environmental narrative from degradation to sustainability. The collaboration between the University of Copenhagen and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has yielded groundbreaking insights through satellite analysis of the evolution of greenness in over 974 cities from 2000 to 2020.
	New method for tracking water bodies improves security against extreme events Surface water (SW) is crucial for life, ecosystems, and human activities, serving many functions from climate regulation to supporting biodiversity and agriculture. It's highly dynamic, influenced by climate change, land use alterations, and human interventions such as dam construction, making its monitoring essential for effective management and conservation.
	Satellite data unlocks drought impact on southwest China's carbon cycle Over the past four decades, Southwest China has been a major carbon sink, significantly mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, recent severe droughts, especially from 2009 to 2013 and in 2022, have drastically reduced its carbon absorption capacity by affecting vegetation and biomass. This illustrates the region's susceptibility to climate-induced stressors, emphasizing the critical need for protective measures against environmental fluctuations.
	Global warming may intensify the modulation of tropical cyclone genesis by summer intraseasonal oscillation Global warming, the long-term warming of Earth's overall temperature, has greatly accelerated in the last 100 years due to human factors such as the burning of fossil fuels. Along with this trend, certain atmospheric phenomena have also changed, such as typhoons and other types of disastrous weather becoming more intense than before and bringing about more serious impacts.
	Unlocking the climate secrets of North China with ancient tree rings A study published in the Journal of Geographical Sciences reveals a novel method for reconstructing historical warm season temperatures in North China. Utilizing the blue intensity (BI) of tree rings of Picea meyeri, researchers have developed a 281-year chronology, offering unprecedented insights into the region's climatic past.
	Advocates push to extend Lake Tahoe restoration for another decade Against the backdrop of the U.S. Capitol, Republican Rep. Kevin Kiley, R-Calif., and other local advocates called on Congress to extend funding to support environmental preservation in the cherished Lake Tahoe region for another decade.

Astronomy and Space news

	GALILEO: Scientists propose a new method to search for light dark matter New research in Physical Review Letters (PRL) has proposed a novel method to detect light dark matter candidates using laser interferometry to measure the oscillatory electric fields generated by these candidates.
	New research suggests that our universe has no dark matter The current theoretical model for the composition of the universe is that it's made of normal matter, dark energy and dark matter. A new University of Ottawa study challenges this.
	The 'baritone' of red giants refines cosmic distance measurements A fresh look at red giant stars offers key insights into cosmic distance measurements and a way to measure the universe's expansion with the highest accuracy.
	Protein fragments ID two new 'extremophile' microbes—and may help find alien life Perfectly adapted microorganisms live in extreme environments, from deep-sea trenches to mountaintops. Learning more about how these extremophiles survive in hostile conditions could inform scientists about life on Earth and potential life on other planets.
	Einasto Supercluster: The new heavyweight contender in the universe An international team of scientists led by astronomers from Tartu Observatory of the University of Tartu has discovered many superclusters in the universe, with the most prominent among them named the 'Einasto Supercluster' in honor of Prof. Jaan Einasto, a pioneering figure in the field, who celebrated his 95th birthday on 23 February.
	SpaceX comes close to completing test flight of mega rocket but loses spacecraft near end SpaceX came close to completing an hourlong test flight of its mega rocket on its third try Thursday, but the spacecraft was lost as it descended back to Earth.
	Flying first on Ariane 6 With Europe's new Ariane 6 rocket now at its spaceport in French Guiana, the passengers it will launch to space are getting ready to be added to the top of the tall new rocket. Ariane 6 will launch several satellites, deployers and experiments from space agencies, companies, research institutes, universities and young professionals on its first flight.
	Businesses are ready for April's total solar eclipse with celestial-themed doughnuts and beer Eclipse-themed beer. Jewelry and ornaments. And doughnuts that capture the sun's disappearing act with the help of buttercream frosting.
	Compact robot takes flight to support CERISS initiative A new robot will be taking flight soon to test its ability to support biological and physical science experiments in microgravity. As one of NASA's 2023 TechFlights selections, this compact robot will have a chance to fly on a commercial suborbital flight to see just how well it can perform in a space environment.

Technology news

	A system that allows home robots to cook in collaboration with humans Home robots could assist humans with the completion of various chores and manual tasks, ranging from washing dishes or doing the laundry to cooking, cleaning and tidying up. While many roboticists and computer scientists have tried to improve the skills of home robots in recent years, many of the robots developed so far are still unable to tackle more complex and creative tasks, such as cooking in collaboration with human users.
	Engineers use moisture to pull carbon dioxide out of the air In a corner of Kelsey Hatzell's lab sits a small jar filled with a material that has an ability far beyond what its nondescript appearance would suggest: a way to capture and release carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by simply changing the surrounding humidity.
	World's first N-channel diamond field-effect transistor for CMOS integrated circuits A National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) research team has developed the world's first n-channel diamond MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor). The developed n-channel diamond MOSFET provides a key step toward CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor: one of the most popular technologies in the computer chip) integrated circuits for harsh environment applications, as well as the development of diamond power electronics. The research is published in Advanced Science.
	A rechargeable, non-aqueous manganese metal battery A research team led by Prof. Chen Wei from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) revealed for the first time the important role of halogen-mediated solvation structure in the de-solvation process of multivalent ions. The research result was published in Joule.
	Harsh field tests shape robotic design in unexpected ways Auke Ijspeert and his team in the BioRobotics Lab (BioRob) in EPFL's School of Engineering had operated their bio-informed robots in natural environments before, but this was more for demonstration purposes than for scientific rigor. Tests of robotic function were usually carried out in the lab, for example, using X-ray videos to compare robotic movements with the animals that inspired their design.
	Honda and Nissan agree to work together in developing electric vehicles and intelligent technology Nissan and Honda announced Friday that they will work together in developing electric vehicles and auto intelligence technology, sectors where Japanese automakers have fallen behind.
	Will AI save humanity? US tech fest offers reality check Artificial intelligence aficionados are betting that the technology will help solve humanity's biggest problems, from wars to global warming, but in practice, these may be unrealistic ambitions for now.
	Parallel physical random bit generation towards rates of order 100 Tb/s In our digital networked society, random bit generators (RBGs) are vital for services and state-of-the-art technologies such as cryptographically secured communication, blockchain technologies, and quantum key distribution. An ever-increasing demand to improve the security of digital information has shifted the generation of random bits from sole reliance on pseudorandom algorithms to the use of physical entropy sources.
	G7 nations want 'trustworthy' AI but say rules can vary G7 technology ministers meeting in Italy pledged Friday to "achieve a common vision and goal of safe, secure, and trustworthy" artificial intelligence, but said the framework could vary between countries.
	Cheaper batteries are key to shifting transport away from fossil fuels. Can the market deliver? High metal prices can drive up the costs of electric car batteries, which will reduce their adoption. Car manufacturers are already responding to this by shifting to different technologies.
	AI unlocks new solar energy horizons in China In a new study published in the Journal of Remote Sensing in February 2024, researchers utilized data augmentation alongside the LightGBM machine learning model for the estimation of both diffuse and direct solar radiation. By leveraging sunshine duration data collected from over 2,453 weather stations throughout China, this research overcomes the limitations posed by sparse and unevenly distributed ground-based observations.
	Vodafone sells Italian unit to Swisscom, deal angers Swiss hard-right British telecoms giant Vodafone said Friday it has agreed to sell its Italian unit to Swisscom for eight billion euros ($8.7 billion) in a cash deal that was slammed by Switzerland's main political party.
	El Salvador stashes $406 million in bitcoin in 'cold wallet': Bukele El Salvador's President Nayib Bukele said Thursday that his country has stored more than $400 million in bitcoin in an offline "cold wallet" as the cryptocurrency forges new record highs.
	US ambassador says Beijing stance on TikTok ban 'supremely ironic' The US ambassador to China said Friday that Beijing's position on a potential TikTok ban in the United States was "supremely ironic" given the ruling Communist Party's censorship of online platforms within its borders.
	The Gen-Z students at the heart of Vietnam's chip plans Nguyen Phuong Linh is among a crop of young electronics students crucial to Vietnam's ambitions to become a chips hub.
	US Senate declines to fast-track TikTok bill A bill that would force the sale of TikTok from its Chinese owners or see it banned in the United States will move cautiously in the US Senate, key lawmakers said, after it sailed through the House.
	Doping engineering in halide perovskite, an efficient synthesis method of white LEDs In 1879, Edison invented the incandescent lamp, which brought light to the night. In 1969, the first red light emitting diodes (LEDs) lamp came out. However, as the key to making white light bulbs, high-energy blue light has not been successfully commercialized.
	TikTok faces national security review in Canada: Minister Canada is conducting a national security review of Chinese-owned TikTok's proposed expansion of the popular video app in this country, Industry Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne said Friday.
	Apple reaches $490 million settlement over China comments Apple has reached an out-of-court settlement to pay $490 million to shareholders who accused the iPhone titan of making misleading statements about its business in China in 2018.
	Flexible sensors with zero Poisson's ratio Although flexible sensors have gained a surge of exotic sensing capabilities in the past decade, the complex deformation, which usually results from forces or strains from multi-axes, can be challenging to measure due to the lack of independent perception of multi-axial stimuli.

Chemistry news

	More than 16,000 chemicals can be found in plastic, and many are harmful: Report Researchers have found more than 16,000 chemicals in plastics. A new report shows that about a quarter of these chemicals can be hazardous to health and the environment.
	Photocatalytic synthesis of arylacetic acid via C=C double bond cleavage with carbon dioxide Alkenes represent one of the most abundant classes of organic molecules, which are available in bulk quantities from petroleum and renewable resources, with various utilization in agrochemistry, pharmacy, and organic materials. Typically, the transformation of alkenes by cleavage of both the σ bond and π bond underpins a range of industrial processes and provides methods for the reconstruction of hydrocarbon framework.
	A universal insertion of various molecules into ionic crystals under high pressure An international team has revealed a surprising universal propensity of forming stable hybrid compounds under high pressures.
	Revealing environmental exposure to liquid crystal monomers from digital displays Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are synthetic organic chemicals used in manufacturing liquid crystal displays (LCDs) present in numerous digital electronic devices. As the use of digital electronics, such as computers and smartphones, becomes increasingly prevalent, concerns over LCM exposure have risen to prominence as a public health issue. However, research into the occurrence of LCMs in human and environmental matrices remains limited.

Biology news

	Arctic nightlife: Seabird colony bursts with sound at night Acoustic recordings of a colony of little auks reveal their nocturnal activities and offer valuable monitoring means for avian biology in the Arctic.
	Snakes: The new, high-protein superfood Farmed pythons may offer a sustainable and efficient new form of livestock to boost food security, according to new research from Macquarie University.
	An invisible water surcharge: Climate warming increases crop water demand in the San Joaquin Valley University of California researchers from the Secure Water Future project recently found that increases in crop water demand explain half of the cumulative deficits of the agricultural water balance since 1980, exacerbating water reliance on depleting groundwater supplies and fluctuating surface water imports.
	Researchers present the world's oldest long-necked marine reptile An international team of scientists led by Dr. Stephan Spiekman, Dr. Eudald Mujal and Prof. Dr. Rainer Schoch, paleontologists at the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, has re-examined the fossil of the reptile Trachelosaurus fischeri, which was first described at the beginning of the 20th century.
	Research team identifies three bacteria species in the human gut that can break down cellulose An international team of biotechnologists and evolutionary specialists has discovered three types of bacteria in the human gut that help to break down cellulose. In their project, reported in the journal Science, the group studied the genomes of bacteria found in human and ruminates.
	Scientists find hundreds of unique species in Africa's newest and most threatened ecoregion After two decades of biological surveys and over 30 scientific expeditions, groundbreaking research in southern Africa has unearthed a wealth of previously undocumented biodiversity in a newly recognized ecoregion.
	Study shows that antibiotics targeting the same enzyme elicit varied responses There is an urgent need for new antimicrobial strategies to keep pathogens in check. This applies specifically to Gram-negative bacteria, which are protected from antibiotic intervention by a thick second membrane.
	Scientists generate new targeted protein degradation system that tunes a cell's own proteins Researchers studying the role of proteins in health and disease use experimental tools that inactivate proteins, destroy them, or prevent them from being made in cells. In one approach, they mark targeted proteins with "destroy me" tags that work with small molecules known as molecular glues to prompt the cell's own protein-clearing machinery to gobble up the proteins. Yet, many tags used today are too large to tag the genes that encode a cell's native proteins, or they cause collateral damage, sparking destruction of proteins beyond the targeted one.
	Even inactive deep-sea 'smokers' are densely colonized by microbial communities, study shows Under certain conditions microbial communities can grow and thrive, even in places that are seemingly uninhabitable. This is the case at inactive hydrothermal vents on the sea floor. An international team that includes researchers from MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen, is presently working to accurately quantify how much inorganic carbon can be bound in these environments.
	Shark-bitten orcas in the Northeastern Pacific could be a new population of killer whale UBC researchers believe a group of killer whales observed hunting marine mammals including sperm whales, as well as a sea turtle, in the open ocean off California and Oregon could be a new population.
	With bites rare, experts want sharks to shed scary reputation As the northern hemisphere edges toward spring and millions flock to the beach, headlines have dubbed the southeastern US state of Florida the world's most likely place to be bitten by a shark.
	Whale of a tail: Scientists track unique humpback 'fingerprint' In Antarctica, a scientist waits patiently for two frolicking humpback whales to poke their tails out of the icy waters so she can take a photographic "fingerprint" of the unique colors and patterns that allow researchers to identify individuals of the species.
	Is grizzly bear reintroduction 'a death sentence' or restoring nature? Idaho comments are torn A proposal to reintroduce grizzly bears to part of Central Idaho has roiled tensions, with advocates saying the action is decades late and critics claiming it's a step toward gruesome maulings.
	Meet the kowari: A pint-sized predator on the fast track to extinction Australia is home to more than 350 species of native mammals, 87% of which are found nowhere else on Earth. But with 39 of these species already extinct and a further 110 listed as threatened, there's every chance many will vanish before you even knew they existed. So here's one we think you simply must know (and save), before it's too late.
	Urgent need for science-based approach to shark conservation Brazilian authorities must take a science-based approach to shark conservation, with experts warning extreme reactions to bite incidents and population growth will undermine the recovery of the fish.
	Improved life satisfaction may decrease illegal forest use in protected areas The Virunga Landscape in east Africa comprises three contiguous protected areas across three countries, including Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Rwanda. It is a protected, biodiverse ecological region home to endangered species, such as the mountain gorilla, but some people still poach, hunt and illegally access resources in the park.
	Animal photo editing and its impact on donations to conservation charities In the digital age of trimming a waistline here and sharpening a jawline there—even Princess Kate is doing it—is it any wonder that our 'bias for beauty' has spilled into the animal world?
	Study finds maize roots adapt to different tillage practices A study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has revealed how maize roots change their traits in response to different tillage practices, such as no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT).
	Artificial intelligence brings a virtual fly to life By infusing a virtual fruit fly with artificial intelligence, Janelia and Google DeepMind, scientists have created a computerized insect that can walk and fly just like the real thing.
	Why do tree frogs lay their eggs on the ground? When it comes to laying eggs, tree frogs have some unusual habits. Instead of always laying their eggs on tree branches where they usually live, they often lay their eggs on the ground. But why would a tree frog do this, especially when it puts its eggs at risk from predators such as snakes?
	Cracking the pear genome: How students helped unlock a new tool for the pear industry Pears are big business in the Pacific Northwest US. But did you know that traditional pear breeding has remained largely unchanged for centuries?
	Hormonally up-regulated neu-associated kinase (HUNK) unveils a new function in cellular transport regulation Endocytosis is a crucial cellular process that facilitates cells to take up cargos by enclosing them in membrane-bound vesicles, which are transported to different parts of the cell via the endosomal system and deliver cargos on the cytoskeleton and enable dynamic contact between various subtypes of endosomes or with other organelles, such as the lysosomes.

Medicine and Health news

	Neurological conditions now leading cause of ill health and disability globally, new analysis finds Globally, the number of people living with, or dying from, neurological conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and meningitis has risen substantially over the past 30 years due to the growth and aging of the global population as well as increased exposure to environmental, metabolic, and lifestyle risk factors. In 2021, 3.4 billion people experienced a nervous system condition, according to a major new analysis from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, published in The Lancet Neurology.
	Abnormal brain structure identified in children with developmental language problems A rigorous analysis of numerous studies concludes that a part of the brain traditionally associated with movement is abnormal in children with developmental language impairments, according to Georgetown University Medical Center neuroscientists. The discovery has the potential to improve both the diagnosis and treatment of the language difficulties.
	Newborns with improper kidney development face lifelong challenges: New study offers potential solution Some infants are born with too few nephrons, the filtering units in kidneys that help the body remove waste and excess fluid. Whether due to low birth weight, maternal diabetes, inadequate nutrition or genetic mutations, babies born with improper kidney development are more likely to face a lifetime of challenges such as high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease.
	New technique opens up study of immune response to cancer based on DNA locked in old archive cancer samples Scientists have developed an improved technique for reading the genetic material associated with the body's immune response to cancer, making it possible to study tissue samples that have been stored in archives for decades.
	New study shows how the brain translates motivation into goal-oriented behavior Hunger can drive a motivational state that leads an animal to a successful pursuit of a goal—foraging for and finding food.
	New study reveals breakthrough in understanding brain stimulation therapies For the first time, researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities showed that non-invasive brain stimulation can change a specific brain mechanism that is directly related to human behavior. This is a major step forward for discovering new therapies to treat brain disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
	New insights into genetic mechanisms could improve treatment of liver fibrosis The liver is not only the largest internal organ but also vital for human life as a metabolic center. It also possesses remarkable self-healing powers: even when large portions are removed, such as during surgery, they quickly regenerate in healthy individuals.
	How social behavior is encoded in the monkey brain during everyday tasks A team of neuroscientists at the University of Pennsylvania has, for the first time, observed how social behavior is encoded in the brain when monkeys are doing normal, everyday things rather than sitting in a laboratory setting.
	Newly discovered receptor influences gut development in fruit flies Adhesion GPCRs are a group of G protein-coupled receptors associated with many bodily functions and diseases in humans. Scientists at Leipzig University have discovered a new receptor—which they have named "mayo"—and found that it influences the development of the small intestine and heart function in fruit flies, and that these phenomena may also be relevant in humans.
	A new approach to tissue engineering improves blood vessel formation in rats Losing a large amount of soft tissue from an injury or cancer may require reconstructive surgery. These surgeries typically rely on a structural framework that holds cells or tissues together made from hydrogels or other biomaterials that provide support for new blood vessels to grow. But when these frameworks are made from bulk hydrogels, they have several limitations that can result in slow and disorganized blood vessel growth, leading to poor patient outcomes.
	Scientists demonstrate how individual differences in 'whole-brain' activity are generated in roundworms Joint research led by Yu Toyoshima and Yuichi Iino of the University of Tokyo has demonstrated individual differences in, and successfully extracted commonalities from, the whole-brain activity of roundworms. The researchers also found that computer simulations based on the whole-brain activity of roundworms more accurately reflect real-brain activity when they include so-called "noise," or probabilistic elements. The findings were published in the journal PLOS Computational Biology.
	Researchers discover a signaling molecule in neuroblastoma immunosuppression and aggressiveness The MYCN oncoprotein (proteins related to the growth of cancer cells) plays a key role in starting, advancing and making it difficult to treat various human cancers. When MYCN is overactive, especially in high-risk neuroblastoma (childhood cancer often found in the adrenal glands), the tumors become less responsive to immunotherapy—a treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. Still, recognition of this problem has not led to any effective strategies to tackle this problem.
	Researchers discover key metabolic process responsible for rapid immune responses Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) identified a key metabolite in cells that helps direct immune responses and explains at a single cell level why immune cells that most efficiently recognize pathogens, vaccines, or diseased cells grow and divide faster than other cells.
	Machine learning classifier accelerates the development of cellular immunotherapies Making a personalized T cell therapy for cancer patients currently takes at least six months; scientists at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the University Medical Center Mannheim have shown that the laborious first step of identifying tumor-reactive T cell receptors for patients can be replaced with a machine learning classifier that halves this time.
	Researchers gain insight into why T cells lose energy in solid tumors T cells are often called "assassins" or "killers" because they can orchestrate and carry out missions to hunt down bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells throughout the body. Mighty as they may be, recent research has shown that once T cells infiltrate the environment of a solid tumor, they lose the energy needed to combat the cancer.
	Exploring why some newborns develop severe infections Compared to adults, newborns are highly susceptible to infections and these infections can cause serious health complications and even death.
	Point-of-care therapeutics sensor could make automated dosing systems universal Rice University synthetic biologists have found a way to piggyback on the glucose monitoring technology used in automated insulin dosing systems and make it universally applicable for the monitoring and dosing of virtually any drug.
	Women involved in car crashes may be more likely to go into shock than men It is well known that car safety equipment was originally designed with male-representative bodies in mind. This means women sitting in the front row are more likely to suffer severe or fatal injuries in the case of a crash. They are also more likely to be trapped in crashed cars.
	US approves first drug for severe form of fatty liver disease The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Thursday approved the first medication for people with a severe type of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
	Surging nerve system disorders now top cause of illness: Study Conditions affecting the nervous system—such as strokes, migraines and dementia—have surged past heart disease to become the leading cause of ill health worldwide, a major new analysis said on Friday.
	Brain stimulation shows promise in treating drug addiction Today, neurostimulation is used to treat a variety of human disorders, including Parkinson's disease, tremor, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome. A Mayo Clinic neurosurgeon and his colleagues believe one form of that treatment, called deep brain stimulation (DBS), is poised to solve one of the greatest public health challenges: drug addiction.
	Experts help bring first-of-its-kind drug for metabolic liver disease to the clinic Liver disease specialists at the University of Chicago Medicine will soon begin prescribing a first-of-its-kind drug for treating advanced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)—formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
	Treatments for rare diseases are needed to beat kidney failure, say researchers Focusing on rare conditions could significantly reduce the burden of kidney disease on both patients and the NHS, according to a major new study led by UCL and the UK Kidney Association.
	Economic hard times make Swedes cut back on drinking A slumping economy gave Swedes less to cheer about last year as alcohol consumption fell the most in nearly a decade in the Nordic country, excluding the 2020 pandemic, research showed Friday.
	Eliminating socioeconomic disparities in youth physical activity could save over $15 billion, study shows What would happen if the existing disparities in physical activity levels between youth of lower and higher socioeconomic statuses were eliminated? Previous studies have shown that those between 6–17 years of age in lower socioeconomic groups get on average 10%–15% less physical activity than those of higher socioeconomic groups.
	A new $16,000 postpartum depression drug is here: How will insurers handle it? A much-awaited treatment for postpartum depression, zuranolone, hit the market in December, promising an accessible and fast-acting medication for a debilitating illness. But most private health insurers have yet to publish criteria for when they will cover it, according to a new analysis of insurance policies.
	Dietitian suggests ways to prevent colorectal cancer We may joke about the prep involved for a colonoscopy (an exam for abnormal changes in the large intestine). But cancers of the colon or rectum are no laughing matter. In fact, when you combine the cancer death rates of men and women, colorectal cancer is now the second deadliest cancer in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society.
	Rheumatology workforce increased 20 percent from 2009 to 2019 The overall number of clinically active rheumatology providers grew more than 20 percent during the last decade, according to a study published online Feb. 25 in Arthritis & Rheumatology.
	117 cases of multisystem inflammation syndrome in children identified during 2023 In 2023, 117 cases of multisystem inflammation syndrome in children (MIS-C) were reported, with 26 percent of patients having onset during August to October, according to research published in the March 14 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	Specialized nursing facility clinicians found to improve end-of-life care Specialized nursing facility clinicians, or SNFists, may decrease the likelihood of nursing home residents experiencing stressful hospitalizations and improve the quality of life in their last days, according to researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine.
	Ramadan and Lent fasts could have cardiovascular benefits Food abstinence is all the rage when it comes to health and well-being, it seems. Wherever you look, from the UK's prime minister, Rishi Sunak, to Hollywood celebrities like Thor star Chris Hemsworth, someone's extolling the virtues of fasting for mind and body.
	Mike Tyson is getting back in the ring at 58. What could go wrong? If at 58, I were to agree to a boxing match with a person half my age, much alarm would be caused. My daughters would burst into tears, my partner would have strong words, and my students would have final confirmation that I had lost the plot. I, however, am not "Iron Mike" Tyson.
	Could ADHD drugs reduce the risk of early death? Unpacking the findings from a new Swedish study Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can have a considerable impact on the day-to-day functioning and overall well-being of people affected. It causes a variety of symptoms including difficulty focusing, impulsivity and hyperactivity.
	New nasal spray may reduce severity of sleep apnea, researchers find Australian researchers have discovered that a bedtime nasal spray has the potential to reduce the severity of sleep apnea in people and lower their blood pressure.
	Point-of-care kidney disease testing via quantitative urinalysis with commercial reagent strips Kidney disease is a growing global problem, with a new portable device developed by Flinders University showcasing some of the science and innovation being thrown at the issue.
	What is minoxidil, the anti-balding hair growth treatment? Here's what the science says Hair loss (also known as alopecia) often affects the scalp but can occur anywhere on the body. It's very common and usually nothing to worry about; about half of Australian men show signs of visible baldness at age 50 and over a quarter of Australian women report hair thinning by the same age. It's often genetic.
	Study conducted during the pandemic reveals the perceived effectiveness of various protective measures An article by Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri of the Department of Sociology and Social Research of the University of Trento, focused on the public health guidelines adopted during the pandemic. The article, titled "Assessing the perceived effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-Cov-2 transmission risk: an experimental study in Europe," was published in Scientific Reports.
	How to help your child get enough healthy, brain-boosting sleep Anyone who has raised kids knows that managing their sleep can be one of the most challenging aspects of parenting. But not everyone understands just how vital that sleep is.
	Eating cruciferous vegetables while breastfeeding may give infants a healthy start Researchers from Texas A&M Health have found that breastfeeding mothers who eat vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage could pass along health benefits to their nursing infants.
	Warning signs of colorectal cancer in younger adults Colorectal cancer, the third-most common cancer in the U.S., has been rising among younger people for the past two decades. It is not one type of cancer but two cancers: colon cancer, which starts in the large intestine, and rectal cancer, which begins in the last part of the large intestine, known as the rectum.
	Telehealth study investigates reimbursements for rural health care delivery A recent Mayo Clinic study published in the American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine investigated how telehealth in palliative care may provide value for rural caregivers, health care teams and their patients. Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness.
	Zebrafish discovery could speed testing of motor neuron disease and dementia treatments Tiny, transparent fish have made it possible for Macquarie University neuroscientists to observe damaging protein clusters forming in real time, opening the way for testing potential early interventions for motor neuron disease (MND) and dementia.
	An online tool for long COVID support A website to support people living with long COVID is launched today, on Long COVID Awareness Day (March 15), by a research team led by a Southampton professor with first-hand experience of the condition.
	Czechs see record spread of whooping cough More than 3,000 Czechs have caught whooping cough so far this year, the highest figure since the 1960s, with teenagers the worst hit, health authorities said Friday.
	Addressing higher colon cancer rates in rural areas For health care professionals, it's maddening.
	MRI may predict who'll respond best to schizophrenia treatment Specialized brain scans may accurately predict whether a psychotic patient will go on to develop treatment-resistant schizophrenia, Dutch researchers report.
	Uncooked morel mushrooms proved fatal for Montana diners A salmon-and-mushroom sushi roll proved deadly for two restaurant patrons in Montana last year, and experts are sounding the alarm on the dangers of undercooked morel mushrooms.
	Fatty food before surgery may impair memory in old, young adults Eating fatty food in the days leading up to surgery may prompt a heightened inflammatory response in the brain that interferes for weeks with memory-related cognitive function in older adults—and new research in animals suggests, even in young adults.
	What really happens to our memory as we age? For anyone over the age of 30 reading this article, here's some bad news for you: Your brain is already on the decline.
	Wildfire smoke warnings need to be issued sooner, study finds Environmental and public health agencies often don't warn people about smoke-choked air until it's already swept in, a new study from the University of Oregon suggests.
	Study uncovers novel mechanisms behind food allergies A recent Northwestern Medicine study has shed light on the mechanisms of a specific protein that is necessary for the production of IgA antibodies in the gut in response to food allergens, according to findings published in the journal Mucosal Immunology.
	Living in the North of England increases risk of death from alcohol, drugs and suicide, shows study People living in the North of England and in coastal areas are more likely to die from "Deaths of Despair," according to new University of Manchester led research.
	Study of fatal and nonfatal shootings by police reveals racial disparities, dispatch risks A new study from researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions and Vanderbilt University found that an average of 1,769 people were injured annually in police shootings from 2015 to 2020, 55 percent of them or 979 people, fatally. The study covered a total of 10,308 incidents involving shootings by police. The Center is based at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
	Large-scale study explores genetic link between colorectal cancer and meat intake In one of the largest ever gene-environment interaction studies of red meat and colorectal cancer, which explored the impact of red meat consumption on a person's cancer risk based on their genotype, researchers have identified two genetic markers that may help explain the association between the two and explain why some people face a higher cancer risk.
	Imaging with radio-labeled tracer correlates with identification of early-stage endometriosis by laparoscopic surgery Research presented at The Society for Reproductive Investigation Meeting summarized preliminary findings from patients with known or suspected endometriosis who were imaged with a SPECT-CT camera and subsequently underwent planned laparoscopic surgery, a key-hole surgical procedure to establish the presence, absence and location of endometriotic lesions. The imaging findings were compared to the surgical and histology reports and indicate that 99mTc-maraciclatide holds potential as a non-invasive test for early-stage endometriosis.
	Researchers identify mutation that alters Alzheimer's disease progression The scientist of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Malaga José Luis Royo has coordinated a study that summarizes eight years of research and brings together 100 multidisciplinary specialists, identifying a mutation that alters Alzheimer's disease progression.
	Researchers develop mobile app to help diabetic patients monitor foot health A group of researchers, led by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore), has developed a mobile application to educate individuals living with diabetes and their caregivers with knowledge of the disease and assist them in monitoring their day-to-day activities, which includes medication, physical activity, and their diet.
	Simple blood test could predict risk of long-term COVID-19 lung problems UVA Health researchers have discovered a potential way to predict which patients with severe COVID-19 are likely to recover well and which are likely to suffer "long-haul" lung problems. That finding could help doctors better personalize treatments for individual patients.
	Digestive problems in 'long COVID' linked to psychological trauma, according research Many people who were hospitalized with COVID-19 when the virus arrived in spring 2020 experienced a high rate of gastrointestinal problems and psychological trauma more than a year later, according to a recently published study led in Oklahoma by the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine. The research highlights the powerful relationship between the intestines and the brain, as well as a continued understanding of "long COVID" symptoms.
	Advances in multiple myeloma treatment March is Myeloma Awareness Month. Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that most often occurs in people over age 45. It's the second-most common blood cancer and the most common blood cancer in Black people.
	Q&A: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual women found to smoke more and be less likely to quit People who identify as lesbian, gay, and bisexual—particularly women—respond more positively to tobacco marketing, are more inclined to smoke cigarettes daily, and may have a more difficult time quitting, according to two studies by a Rutgers Health researcher.
	Genome-wide transcriptome profiling and development of age prediction models in the human brain A new research paper was published in Aging entitled "Genome-wide transcriptome profiling and development of age prediction models in the human brain."
	Longitudinal gut fungal alterations and potential fungal biomarkers for the progression of primary liver disease Science China Life Sciences has reported on the research results of Lanjuan Li's team from Zhejiang University. Recent advances in microbiome research have revealed complex changes in gut microecology across various disease states, highlighting their profound impact on disease progression.

Other Sciences news

	New framework embraces uncertainty to make sense of history There are many things we don't know about how history unfolds. The process might be impersonal, even inevitable, as some social scientists have suggested; human societies might be doomed to decline. Or, individual actions and environmental conditions might influence our communities' trajectories. Social scientists have struggled to find a consensus on such fundamental issues.
	Gender and racial discrimination uncovered in leadership positions at Australia's leading universities A professor and a complex systems researcher at the University of Sydney has found, through the use of a quantitative measurement statistical tool, that instances of gender and racial discrimination occur in leadership positions at Australia's most influential universities.
	Study of long-term student engagement challenges 'one great teacher' narrative of education A positive relationship with a teacher at an early age may help children to feel more engaged with school, but not necessarily in the long term, new research shows.
	Malaria, smallpox, polio: Here's how we know life in ancient Egypt was ravaged by disease The mention of ancient Egypt usually conjures images of colossal pyramids and precious, golden tombs.
	We teach school kids about safe sex. We also need to teach safe sexting, researchers say Sexting involves taking self-made naked or partially naked sexual photos, videos or explicit texts and sending them online or via a mobile phone. They are more commonly referred to as "nudes" or "dick pics" by young people.
	Universities at a crossroads with AI, says study Universities should be having an active conversation with their students and staff about how to capitalize on the benefits and minimize the drawbacks of using AI tools, such as ChatGPT, according to a paper from the University of Surrey. The paper, "Is there a glitch in the matrix? Artificial intelligence and management education," has been published in Management Learning.
	Manuports in the context of archaeology If you look around your bedroom, or in the door pocket of your car, you may have a cool shell you've found and kept. Maybe it's a nice pinky-orange, or has a perfect little hole so that one day you could make a necklace.
	Are eco-friendly hotels inconvenient? With the possible exception of those people who still seem to think it's OK to throw their McDonald's bag out the car window, most people like to be seen as environmentally conscious—or at least reasonably respectful of the planet.
	The rules of invention do not reflect the realities of the inventive process. Here's how to fix it In patent law, invention is a two-step process: the inventor first develops a complete mental picture of the invention, then physically makes the invention or describes it in sufficient detail for an artisan to make it. Both steps must take place, in that order, for a creation to qualify as an invention.
	Do school grades influence parental support? The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR) has researched parents' support behavior in relation to school grades. The study shows that low-income families support their children equally regardless of grades, while parents from higher-income groups tend to give more support to children with lower grades.
	Media scientist studies benefits and risks of smartphone use among children and adolescents Always on their mobile phones? That can't be good for them. Media Scientist Anne-Linda Camerini is looking into how true this is. The feared effects on young people cannot be clearly proven.
	Marriages in the US are back to pre-pandemic levels, CDC says U.S. marriages have rebounded to pre-pandemic levels with nearly 2.1 million in 2022.
	Online gaming is bringing RAF families closer Modern methods of internet-based communication such as online gaming and video calls are helping RAF servicepeople stay connected to their families when serving away from home—but challenges still remain, according to new research by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU).

This email is a free service of Science X Network
You received this email because you subscribed to our list.
If you do not wish to receive such emails in the future, please unsubscribe here.
You are subscribed as manojdole1.copa@blogger.com. You may manage your subscription options from your Science X profile