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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 8, 2024:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Nanotechnology news
 | Designing nanoparticles for pregnancy-safe treatmentsToo often, the lack of clinical trials means that pregnant women suffer because available medications are prescribed off-label for them or not at all. A new study offers proof of concept for the important parameters to develop pregnancy-safe gene therapies. |
 | Researchers use 2D bimetallic MOFs to create Se-containing electrocatalysts for overall water splittingTransition metal selenides have been considered to be a good choice for electrocatalytic water splitting. In addition, Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used to make catalysts with good electrocatalytic capabilities. Traditionally, the MOF-derived selenides are produced via the self-sacrificing MOF template methods. However, this strategy is high-energy consuming, and it is difficult to precisely control the structure and component homogeneity of the product during pyrolysis. |
Physics news
 | Quantum imaging could create bright future for advanced microscopesThe unique properties of quantum physics could help solve a longstanding problem that prevents microscopes from producing sharper images at the smallest scales, researchers say. |
 | Pushing the boundary on ultralow frequency gravitational wavesA team of physicists has developed a method to detect gravity waves with such low frequencies that they could unlock the secrets behind the early phases of mergers between supermassive black holes, the heaviest objects in the universe. |
Earth news
 | Mapping the future's sweet spot for clean energy and biodiversityClimate change is driving both the loss of biodiversity and the need for clean, renewable energy. It is also shifting where species are expected to live in the future. Yet these realities are rarely considered together. Where can clean energy projects be built without impacting the future habitat ranges of threatened and endangered species? |
 | Could Fukushima's radioactive water pose lasting threat to humans and the environment?The meltdown of Japan's Fukushima Daiichi power plant, caused by the devastating earthquake and tsunami of March 2011, represents the most severe nuclear power accident of the 21st century so far. |
 | A better handle on the emissions budget for the Paris climate targetsA team of scientists from the University of Exeter, Met Office, and Imperial College have found a new way to calculate the total carbon emissions consistent with the Paris climate targets of 1.5°C and 2°C of global warming. |
 | Research progress in the scientific investigation of the Yarlung Tsangbo Grand CanyonThe Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) established a scientific expedition team for the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Tsangbo Grand Canyon in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. In the past five years, the expedition team has conducted observations and research on water vapor transport and heavy precipitation around the Yarlung Tsangbo Grand Canyon. |
 | Researchers: Cultural burning is better for Australian soils than prescribed burning, or no burning at allImagine a landscape shaped by fire, not as a destructive force but as a life-giving tool. That's the reality in Australia, where Indigenous communities have long understood the intricate relationship between fire, soil and life. Cultural burning has been used for millennia to care for landscapes and nurture biodiversity. In contrast, government agencies conduct "prescribed burning" mainly to reduce fuel loads. |
 | The Southern Ocean upwelling is a mecca for whales and tuna that's worth celebrating and protectingThe Great Southern Australian Coastal Upwelling System is an upward current of water over vast distances along Australia's southern coast. It brings nutrients from deeper waters to the surface. This nutrient-rich water supports a rich ecosystem that attracts iconic species like the southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) and blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda). |
 | Researchers see an increase in the number of extreme cold days in North China during 2003–2012How extreme weather and climate events change is an intriguing issue in the context of global warming. As IPCC AR6 points out, cold extremes have become less frequent and less severe since the 1950s, mainly driven by human-induced climate change. However, cold extremes could also exhibit robust interdecadal changes at regional scale. |
 | Study describes inconsistencies in how different Earth system models predict soil carbon levelsSoil carbon is exactly what it sounds like: carbon collected and stored in soil. Plants pull carbon from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and deposit it into the soil as their leaves, stems, and roots decompose. In fact, soil contains more than three times as much carbon as the atmosphere. |
 | Improving wood products could be a key to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, researchers suggestHarnessing the ability of wood products to store carbon even after harvest could have a significant effect on greenhouse gas emissions and change commonly accepted forestry practices, a new study from NC State researchers suggests. |
 | Carbon emissions and El Nino push oceans to record temperaturesMonths of record breaking temperatures and the El Niño weather phenomenon pushed the heating up of the world's oceans to a new peak in February, scientists said. |
 | El Nino raises food security risk in southern Africa: FAOThe El Niño weather phenomenon, coupled with widespread drought, is posing an increasing risk to food security in southern Africa, a UN agency warned Friday. |
 | A new approach to 24/7 air quality monitoring using camerasAir pollution is a critical global health issue, demanding innovative monitoring solutions. Traditional methods, reliant on ground stations, are expensive and geographically limited, hindering comprehensive coverage. Recent strides in technology have spotlighted the potential of using visual data from surveillance cameras as a cost-effective alternative for air quality assessment. |
 | Inland waters are a blind spot in greenhouse gas emissionsInland waters such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds may release copious amounts of greenhouse gases, but this possibility is not well understood. In a new review published in theJournal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Qianqian Yang and colleagues summarize what's known about carbon dioxide and methane release from China's inland waterways and suggest that a widespread monitoring network could help researchers understand this important aspect of climate change. |
 | Warmest US winter on recordThis winter was the warmest ever recorded in the United States, data showed Friday—the latest sign the world is moving towards an unprecedented era as a result of the climate crisis. |
 | Flood risk mapping is a public good, so why the public resistance in Canada?Flood risk maps are an essential public good. Indeed, many countries like the United Kingdom already offer flood risk mapping. |
 | Reduced red meat intake could hit Scotland climate goalsScotland could make significant progress towards its climate change targets by reducing meat consumption in line with existing dietary advice, research shows. |
Astronomy and Space news
 | CSI in space: Analyzing bloodstain patterns in microgravityAs more people seek to go where no man has gone before, researchers are exploring how forensic science can be adapted to extraterrestrial environments. |
 | NASA unveils design for message heading to Jupiter's moon EuropaWhen it launches in October, the agency's Europa Clipper spacecraft will carry a richly layered dispatch that includes more than 2.6 million names submitted by the public. |
 | How do animals react during a total solar eclipse? Scientists plan to find out in AprilWhen a total solar eclipse transforms day into night, will tortoises start acting romantic? Will giraffes gallop? Will apes sing odd notes? |
 | We're working out how to solve crimes in space—the final frontier of forensic scienceNASA's Artemis program is scheduled to return astronauts to the moon and establish a permanent orbiting laboratory by the end of the decade. |
 | How long will advanced civilizations try to communicate with us?Technosignature research is heating up, with plenty of papers speculating on the nature, and sometimes the longevity, of signals created by technically advanced extraterrestrial civilizations. While we haven't found any so far, that isn't to say that we won't, and a better understanding of what to look for would undoubtedly help. |
 | Drones could help map the lunar surface with extreme precisionExploring the moon has become increasingly more of a focal point lately, especially with a series of landers recently launched with various degrees of success. One of the difficulties those landers and any future human missions face is understanding the terrain they are landing on and potentially traversing in the case of a rover or human. To help fight this problem, a team of researchers from Switzerland has developed a drone concept that could help map out some of the more interesting, potentially hazardous areas to explore on the moon. |
 | Video: New radar mission for EuropeThe upcoming Copernicus Radar Observation System for Europe in L-band (ROSE-L) will provide continuous day-and-night all-weather monitoring of Earth's land, oceans and ice, and offer frequent observations of Earth's surface at a high spatial resolution. |
 | Pentagon says no evidence of secret US work on alien techHas the United States confirmed sightings of alien craft, or worked to reverse-engineer extraterrestrial technology? |
Technology news
 | An approach to realize in-sensor dynamic computing and advance computer visionThe rapid advancement in machine learning techniques and sensing devices over the past decades have opened new possibilities for the detection and tracking of objects, animals, and people. The accurate and automated detection of visual targets, also known as intelligent machine vision, can have various applications, ranging from the enhancement of security and surveillance tools to environmental monitoring and the analysis of medical imaging data. |
 | AI chatbots found to use racist stereotypes even after anti-racism trainingA small team of AI researchers from the Allen Institute for AI, Stanford University and the University of Chicago, all in the U.S., has found that dozens of popular large language models continue to use racist stereotypes even after they have been given anti-racism training. The group has published a paper on the arXiv preprint server describing their experiments with chatbots such as OpenAI's GPT-4 and GPT-3.5. |
 | Balancing training data and human knowledge to make AI act more like a scientistWhen you teach a child how to solve puzzles, you can either let them figure it out through trial and error, or you can guide them with some basic rules and tips. Similarly, incorporating rules and tips into AI training—such as the laws of physics—could make them more efficient and more reflective of the real world. However, helping the AI assess the value of different rules can be a tricky task. |
 | How surface roughness influences the adhesion of soft materialsAdhesive tape or sticky notes are easy to attach to a surface, but are difficult to remove. This phenomenon, known as adhesion hysteresis, can be fundamentally observed in soft, elastic materials: Adhesive contact is formed more easily than it is broken. |
 | Microsoft's small language model outperforms larger models on standardized math testsA small team of AI researchers at Microsoft reports that the company's Orca-Math small language model outperforms other, larger models on standardized math tests. The group has published a paper on the arXiv preprint server describing their testing of Orca-Math on the Grade School Math 8K (GSM8K) benchmark and how it fared compared to well-known LLMs. |
 | Researchers enhance peripheral vision in AI modelsPeripheral vision enables humans to see shapes that aren't directly in our line of sight, albeit with less detail. This ability expands our field of vision and can be helpful in many situations, such as detecting a vehicle approaching our car from the side. |
 | Physicists develop a modular robot with liquid and solid propertiesSchools of fish, colonies of bees, and murmurations of starlings exhibit swarming behavior in nature, flowing like a liquid in synchronized, shape-shifting coordination. Through the lens of fluid mechanics, swarming is of particular interest to physicists like Heinrich Jaeger, the University of Chicago Sewell Avery Distinguished Service Professor in Physics and the James Franck Institute, and James Franck Institute research staff scientist Baudouin Saintyves, who apply physics principles to the development of modular, adaptive robotics. |
 | Detroiters more likely to support local solar development if they think it reduces energy prices for their communityMichigan residents overwhelmingly want more solar power. |
 | High-energy laser weapons: How they work, what they are used forNations around the world are rapidly developing high-energy laser weapons for military missions on land and sea, and in the air and space. Visions of swarms of small, inexpensive drones filling the skies or skimming across the waves are motivating militaries to develop and deploy laser weapons as an alternative to costly and potentially overwhelmed missile-based defenses. |
 | New method for mass-producing polymer solid electrolytes needed in batteriesA research team led by Professor Seok Ju Kang in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST has unveiled a technique for mass-producing polymer solid electrolytes, crucial components in batteries. Their paper is published in the journal Energy Storage Materials. |
 | Italy opens probe into OpenAI's new video tool SoraItaly's data protection watchdog said Friday it has launched an investigation into Sora, a new artificial intelligence (AI) tool made by US firm OpenAI. |
 | Report shows that electric aircraft will need grid upgrades, on-site generation and storageElectric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft might quickly move passengers over mountains or float them across urbanscapes. But first, an important consideration for these flying batteries is where they will charge and whether the existing power grid infrastructure can accommodate this demand. |
 | Can we connect renewable energy hubs with electricity consumption hubs?A new approach to grid planning could make it possible to power your home with the nation's best and lowest-cost wind and solar energy, no matter where you live. |
 | Research links rapidly evolving photovoltaic module technologies with potential reliability impactsHistorically, photovoltaic (PV) modules have demonstrated high reliability, making them a dependable and growing part of global decarbonization efforts. PV module technology also has a history of iteration and evolution over time, with potential impacts for module reliability. |
 | Wood: Building on an abundant natural resourceForests in the EU can help green the European construction industry and bolster a continent-wide push for architectural improvements. |
 | 4D Knit Dress robot uses several technologies to create a custom design and a custom fitUntil recently, bespoke tailoring—clothing made to a customer's individual specifications—was the only way to have garments that provided the perfect fit for your physique. For most people, the cost of custom tailoring is prohibitive. However, the invention of active fibers and innovative knitting processes is changing the textile industry. |
 | Behind the doors of a Chinese hacking company, a sordid culture fueled by influence, alcohol and sexThe hotel was spacious. It was upscale. It had a karaoke bar. The perfect venue, the CEO of the Chinese hacking company thought, to hold a Lunar New Year banquet currying favor with government officials. There was just one drawback, his top deputy said. |
 | Automaker Rivian pauses construction of its $5 billion electric truck plant in GeorgiaThe CEO of Rivian Automotive announced Thursday that the electric truck maker is pausing construction of its $5 billion manufacturing plant in Georgia to speed production and save money. |
 | Nigeria targets cryptocurrency in bid to end naira freefallThe world's biggest cryptocurrency exchange Binance is halting operations in Nigeria's naira currency as the government puts cryptobusinesses under increasing scrutiny. |
 | Brazil seeks to curb AI deepfakes as key elections loomAI-generated videos and photos used for political disinformation are the scourge of a busy global election year, and Brazil is scrambling to regulate the technology ahead of municipal polls. |
 | WWE, a social media powerhouse, tops 100 million subscribers on YouTubeAs WWE gears up for its biggest annual premium live event next month, the company continues to harness the power of its social media presence to reach its fans. A key component of that strategy is YouTube, where WWE has hit an important milestone: surpassing 100 million subscribers. |
 | Wind power surge: China's push towards a green futureThe push for renewable energy is critical in addressing climate change, with wind power at the forefront. As the leading emitter of greenhouse gases, China has embarked on a transformative journey towards greener alternatives, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2060. |
Chemistry news
 | How water guides the assembly of collagen, the building block of all humansWater determines life: humans are three-quarters water. An international research team led by the University of Amsterdam (UvA) has now discovered how water also determines the structure of the material that holds us together: collagen. |
 | A physics-based predictive tool to speed up battery and superconductor researchFrom lithium-ion batteries to next-generation superconductors, the functionality of many modern, advanced technologies depends on the physical property known as intercalation. Unfortunately, it's difficult to identify in advance which of the many possible intercalated materials are stable, which necessitates a lot of trial-and-error lab work in product development. |
 | Selective dual-wavelength olefin metathesis 3D-printing: How engineers are using SWOMP3D printing has changed the world. It's allowed the aerospace, medical, automotive, manufacturing and many other industries to customize parts and prototypes in ways they never could before. It has drastically increased flexibility and cost effectiveness while reducing waste and production time. But many 3D-printed materials aren't the strongest. |
Biology news
 | Transcription factors that regulate development of light organs and bioluminescence in firefly identifiedTwo bio-researchers, one with Huazhong Agricultural University, the other the Firefly Conservation Research Center, both in China, have identified the key transcription factors that regulate the development of light organs and bioluminescence in the firefly. |
 | Mutation solves a century-old mystery in meiosisA high-throughput genetic screening of meiotic crossover rate mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana has unraveled a century-old mystery in the life sciences. |
 | Harnessing the mechanisms of fungal bioluminescence to confer autonomous luminescence in plant and animal cellsIn a striking new study published in Science Advances, a team of synthetic biologists led by Karen Sarkisyan at the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, have reported the discovery of multiple plant enzymes—hispidin synthases—that can perform the most complex reaction of the bioluminescence pathway. |
 | Good news for coral reef restoration efforts: Study finds 'full recovery' of reef growth within four yearsWhile the majority of the world's reefs are now under threat or even damaged potentially beyond repair, a new study reported in the journal Current Biology on March 8 offers some encouraging news: efforts to restore coral reefs not only increase coral cover, but they can also bring back important ecosystem functions, and surprisingly fast. |
 | New study discovers how altered protein folding drives multicellular evolutionResearchers have discovered a mechanism steering the evolution of multicellular life. They identify how altered protein folding drives multicellular evolution. |
 | Horizontal gene transfer: How fungi improve their ability to infect insectsResearchers at the Kiel Evolution Center have investigated for the first time in detail how a fungus important for biological plant protection can pass on an advantageous chromosome horizontally, using a previously little-studied way of exchanging genetic information. |
 | Egg-laying caecilian amphibians produce milk for their young, find scientistsParental care for offspring occurs in many animals and is an essential part of the reproduction, propagation and development of an organism. An international research team from Brazil, the U.S. and Germany, including Dr. Alexander Kupfer, curator of Amphibians and Reptiles at the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, have revealed for the first time how egg-laying female caecilian amphibians successfully raise their offspring in the nest. |
 | Early experiments show Ebola-fighting potential of engineered bacteriaSince its 1976 emergence in Africa, the Ebola virus has proven an especially lethal contagion, killing roughly 50% of the people who contract it. The 2019 FDA approval of a vaccine, combined with the subsequent development of two antibody-based drugs, marked unprecedented progress against one species of the virus. Yet the continuing threat posed by several other types of Ebola has left researchers in pursuit of additional treatments—particularly in developing regions of Africa, where limited infrastructure can impede the storage and deployment of vaccines. |
 | How does a bacterium know it's time to split apart?Bacterial cells do not wake up one morning and decide to become parents. But there is a point in their cell cycle—after growing sufficiently and replicating their genomes—when they split in two, creating new cells that then repeat the process. What tells the bacterium that it's time to split apart? Scientists have been divided on the subject. |
 | Researchers develop artificial building blocks of lifeFor the first time, scientists from the University of Cologne (UoC) have developed artificial nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, with several additional properties in the laboratory, which could be used as artificial nucleic acids for therapeutic applications. |
 | Uncovering the role of FOXO1 in vascular development and transcriptional dynamics in endothelial cellsFOXO1, a key transcription factor in cellular processes, governs metabolism, apoptosis, and aging. Despite its significance, the comprehensive regulation of FOXO1 in endothelial cells (EC) remains unexplored. |
 | New study reveals the evolutionary nature of animal friendshipsBiologists from Stockholm University and University of Neuchâtel present groundbreaking research shedding new light on the evolution of social bonds and cooperation among group-living animals. The study was published in the journal PNAS. |
 | Primatologist observes how monkeys change behavior to survive deforestationDeep within the forest, monkeys can be very social creatures: they play, fight, vocalize, and even groom one another within their social groups. But as University of Toronto Mississauga primatologist Laura Bolt and her colleagues have recently discovered, these primates are quick to alter their natural social behaviors—and adopt new ones to ensure their survival—when their environments are impacted through deforestation. |
 | Bald eagles eat prairie dogs? Researchers underscore relationship between raptors and rodents in the Great PlainsWe all know that bald eagles like fish. Few of us, however, picture them soaring over grasslands seeking out prairie dog snacks. In a paper published in the Journal of Raptor Research, lead author Courtney Duchardt and co-authors make the case that prairie dogs are an important resource for at least four species of raptors overwintering in the Southern Great Plains, bald eagles included. |
 | Australia's Great Barrier Reef in grip of 'mass bleaching event'A "mass bleaching event" is unfolding on Australia's famed Great Barrier Reef, authorities said Friday, as warming seas threaten the spectacular home to thousands of marine species. |
 | 'Irreplaceable' Colombian bird collection at riskUnder a cracked and leaky ceiling, Andres Cuervo works on a colorful, dead hummingbird for the ornithological collection of the National University of Colombia, the country with more bird species than any other. |
 | Threatened in their homeland, feral Mexican parrots thrive on LA's exotic landscapingDuring a walk through the Huntington Botanical Gardens with her mother one morning, Brenda Ramirez was alarmed by the sudden squawks, warbles, and screeches of troops of parrots flying overhead at great speed in tight, precise formations. |
 | Climate change in Greenland could cause trouble for Arctic charArctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) like clean, cold water and can be found around northern Greenland, Svalbard, Alaska and in Arctic parts of Russia and Canada. |
 | Titanosaurs were the biggest land animals Earth's ever seen, combining reptile and mammal traitsYou're probably familiar with classic sauropod dinosaurs—the four-legged herbivores famous for their long necks and tails. Animals such as Brachiosaurus, Apatosaurus and Diplodocus have been standard fixtures in science museums since the 1800s. |
 | Facing illegal wildlife trade in the European union: A call for comprehensive measuresWildlife trade affects all kinds of species, from insects and fungi to large plants and mammals. The global trade of numerous species poses a significant threat to their survival, increasing their risk of extinction. |
 | How green corridors are breathing new life into French forestsIn the summer of 2008, during a family holiday road trip, we passed by the Aquitaine region in southwestern France. As we drove through a sprawling woodland, a mesmerizing sight unfolded before my eyes: a meticulously ordered army of trees, standing tall and proud. It could have been an army regiment classified by age. |
 | Rare access to hammerhead shark embryos reveals secrets of its unique head developmentScientists very rarely get access to most sharks, the development of their young or the nursery grounds where they grow. So seeing a hammerhead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) embryo, halfway through its five-month development, is very unusual. |
 | Effects of oil and gas platform decommissioning on Moray Firth porpoisesNew research from the University of Aberdeen has shed light on what effect decommissioning could have on local marine mammals. |
 | Nutritional value of meat should be considered when comparing carbon footprints, says studyThe nutritional value of meat must be considered when comparing carbon footprints—that is the key message from a recent study undertaken by Hybu Cig Cymru—Meat Promotion Wales (HCC), Bangor University, Queen's University, and the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI). |
 | Research explores the development of our most human attribute: The chinYou probably don't think much about your chin, except as a convenient place to rest your head while you stare at a computer screen. But consider this: It's the most recognizably human thing about you. |
 | New study finds limited correlation between canine lymphoma and proximity to environmental toxinsAs awareness of the health risks associated with radon and fracking exposure in connection to cancer continues to rise in human medicine, a recent study explored these ties with multicentric lymphoma, a prevalent canine cancer. Surprisingly, the study did not identify significant correlations between living near sources of environmental toxins, such as fracking by-products and radon, and dogs diagnosed with lymphoma. |
 | Dietitian suggests adding a little sugar to water for horses away from homeBarbara Intermill's horses don't adjust well to the water when she takes them away from home. So she's experimented with some advice from seasoned horse travelers. Common guidance is to add something that will make the strange water taste more palatable. |
Medicine and Health news
 | Lack of focus doesn't equal lack of intelligence: It's proof of an intricate brain, say scientistsImagine a busy restaurant: dishes clattering, music playing, people talking loudly over one another. It's a wonder that anyone in that kind of environment can focus enough to have a conversation. A new study by researchers at Brown University's Carney Institute for Brain Science provides some of the most detailed insights yet into the brain mechanisms that help people pay attention amid such distraction, as well as what's happening when they can't focus. |
 | Research sheds light on new strategy to treat infertilityNew research from Oregon Health & Science University describes the science behind a promising technique to treat infertility by turning a skin cell into an egg that is capable of producing viable embryos. |
 | The brain builds emotions regardless of the senses, neuroscientists findHow much do our emotions depend on our senses? Does our brain and body react in the same way when we hear a fearful scream, see an eerie shadow, or smell a sinister odor? And does hearing upbeat music or seeing a colorful landscape bring the same joy? |
 | 'Double life' of key immune protein reveals new strategies for treating cancer and autoimmune diseasesInsights into the workings of an immune cell surface receptor, called PD-1, reveal how treatments that restrict its action can potentially be strengthened to improve their anticancer effect, a new study shows. The same findings also support experimental treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system attacks the body, because stimulating the action of PD-1, as opposed to restricting it, can potentially block an overactive immune response. |
 | Researchers develop shortcut to generate brain stem cells for age-related disease researchA research team from the School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed), has achieved a breakthrough in stem cell research, offering tools that can be used for patients who require highly personalized care. |
 | Versatile antibody technology allows design of long-acting antibodies with tailored target-dependent mode of actionsAntibody therapeutics are a rapidly growing class of drugs used to treat infections as well as a range of diseases. Among them are cancer and autoimmunity particularly important, and the use of antibody therapeutics transforms the lives of patients. Thus, there is an intense interest in engineering new antibody formats with improved efficacy for both therapeutic and prophylactic use. |
 | Brain waves found to travel in one direction when memories are made and the opposite when recalledIn the space of just a few seconds, a person walking down a city block might check their phone, yawn, worry about making rent, and adjust their path to avoid a puddle. The smell from a food cart could suddenly conjure a memory from childhood, or they could notice a rat eating a slice of pizza and store the image as a new memory. |
 | Video consults for chronic knee pain as effective as in-person care, study showsAustralians experiencing chronic knee pain achieve similar pain reduction whether they consult with physiotherapists via video or attend in-person physiotherapy sessions, new research shows, expanding the scope of treatment possibilities, particularly for people in regional and remote locations. |
 | Zika virus vaccine emerges as an unlikely hero in battling brain cancerScientists from Duke-NUS Medical School (Duke-NUS) have developed a new approach using the Zika virus to destroy brain cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth, while sparing healthy cells. Using Zika virus vaccine candidates developed at Duke-NUS, the team discovered how these strains target rapidly proliferating cells over mature cells—making them an ideal option to target fast-growing cancerous cells in the adult brain. |
 | A new model to predict brain developmentFrom the very first weeks of life, countless connections are forged between neurons to ensure the propagation of nerve signals. These connections gradually shape the final architecture of the brain, known as the connectome. Our ability to perform complex cognitive tasks, such as spatial orientation or problem-solving, hinges on its structure. But how does it emerge during development? |
 | Evaluating outcomes of extended thrombolytic therapy for ischemic strokeThrombolytic therapy administered longer after the onset of ischemic stroke than current recommendations did not demonstrate improved clinical outcomes as compared to placebo, according to a recent trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine. |
 | Optimizing boosters: How COVID mRNA vaccines reshape immune memory after each dosemRNA vaccines developed against the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), displayed remarkable efficiency in combating coronavirus 19 (COVID-19). These vaccines work by triggering both cellular and humoral immune responses against the spike protein of the virus. |
 | Women with high-risk HPV and metabolic syndrome have almost three times risk for mortality: StudyUsing large-scale U.S. data following patients for more than a decade, York University Faculty of Health researchers found that women with both metabolic syndrome and high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are at a 2.6 times higher risk for mortality than women without either condition, suggesting a need to look at chronic disease comorbidity when it comes to HPV-related cancers. |
 | Finding ways to reduce the financial and social costs of children's pacemakersAs the number of complex heart operations has increased over the years, so have cases of postoperative heart block, a form of arrhythmia that often requires a pacemaker and more surgery. Heart block occurs when unseen conduction tissue—the cells and electrical signals that control the beating of a heart—is injured. |
 | New study reveals molecular fingerprint of biological agingUniversity of Pittsburgh researchers have uncovered blood-based markers linked with healthy and rapid aging, allowing them to predict a person's biological age—how fast a person's cells and organs age regardless of their birthdate. |
 | Researchers open new leads in anti-HIV drug development, using a compound found in natureA team of University of Michigan researchers has successfully modified a naturally occurring chemical compound in the lab, resulting in advanced lead compounds with anti-HIV activity. |
 | Many type 2 diabetes patients lack potentially lifesaving knowledge about their disease, researchers findThe body's inability to produce enough insulin or use it effectively often results in type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic disease affecting hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Disease management is crucial to avoid negative long-term outcomes, such as limb amputation or heart disease. To counteract adverse consequences, it is crucial that patients have good knowledge about the day-to-day management of the disease. |
 | How springing forward to daylight saving time could affect your health—and how to prepareMost of America "springs forward" Sunday for daylight saving time and losing that hour of sleep can do more than leave you tired and cranky the next day. It also could harm your health. |
 | Few women know alcohol linked to breast cancer: WHO EuropeJust one in five women in Europe are aware that alcohol is a risk factor for developing breast cancer, a "major" health concern in the region, the World Health Organization warned Friday. |
 | US study says treatment 90% effective against RSV in infantsA new treatment for infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—a leading cause of severe illness in US babies—is 90 percent effective in preventing hospitalization, health authorities said Thursday. |
 | Why Black Americans are at higher risk of chronic kidney diseaseChronic kidney disease is a condition where your kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and fluid from your blood. This can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. |
 | New guidelines for early menopause diagnosis and managementUniversity of Queensland research has led to the development of a practical framework to help medical professionals around the world diagnose and manage early menopause. |
 | Tattoo regret? How to choose a removal serviceAbout one in four people regret at least one of their tattoos. Almost half of those go on to have their unwanted tattoo removed or camouflaged with a new one. |
 | Why 'One Health' needs more social sciences: Pandemic prevention depends on behavior as well as biologyOn March 11, 2024, it will be four years since the World Health Organization characterized the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a pandemic. And while COVID-19 continues to impact people globally, it is only the most recent in a long history of pandemics with likely origins in animals. Examples include plague, which usually spreads from rodents to humans via infected fleas, and the 2009 H1N1 flu, also known as swine flu due to its origins in pigs. |
 | Lead from old paint and pipes is still a harmful and deadly hazard in millions of US homesLead is a potent neurotoxin that causes severe health effects such as neurological damage, organ failure and death. |
 | Q&A: Prescription drugs and the gut microbiome—getting the right balancePills and the gut microbiome sometimes don't mix. Oral prescription drugs often disturb the gut microbiome, killing off some species or changing the balance in a way that impacts patient health. In other combinations, bacteria get the upper hand and disable a drug's active ingredient. |
 | What families need to know about how to safely store firearms at homeFor the past few years, guns have been identified as the leading cause of death for children in the United States. |
 | Asthma meds have become shockingly unaffordable—but relief may be on the wayThe price of asthma medication has soared in the U.S. over the past decade and a half. |
 | Teenagers often experience mental health challenges if they know parents are having money problems, finds studyWhen parents try to shield their kids from financial hardship, they may be doing them a favor: Teens' views about their families' economic challenges are connected to their mental health and behavior. |
 | How to fast safely during Ramadan: What the science showsFor 1.9 billion Muslims, Ramadan is the ninth and holiest Islamic month and this year starts on March 11. During the 30 days of Ramadan, many Muslims fast, refraining from food, drink, smoking and sex, between dawn and sunset each day. |
 | How a common food ingredient can take a wrong turn, leading to arthritisA University of Colorado Department of Medicine faculty member says she and her colleagues have identified the means in which bacteria in the digestive system can break down tryptophan in the diet into an inflammatory chemical that primes the immune system towards arthritis. |
 | How do we get more women into health care and medical leadership?Women continue to be under-represented in health care and medical leadership in Australia, with experts labeling the disparity an issue of "equity and social justice." |
 | Highly awaited Alzheimer's drug hit by delaysEli Lilly's highly anticipated Alzheimer's drug has been held back for further review by regulators, the US pharmaceutical giant said Friday, in a blow for patients with the devastating brain disorder. |
 | New weight loss pill more effective than Ozempic: Novo NordiskAn experimental new weight loss pill from Danish pharmaceutical giant Novo Nordisk could be twice as effective as its blockbuster Ozempic and Wegovy jabs, early results from a small trial have suggested, sending the firm's shares soaring. |
 | Making early signs of multiple sclerosis 'VISIBL'Awareness about a disease in at risk-population improve outcomes. That's the simple idea behind a new, bilingual resource for both patients, medical students, and providers to help them overcome cultural barriers and recognize the early and critical symptoms of multiple sclerosis. |
 | Stricter blood-alcohol concentration limits may lead to more hit-and-run fatalities, finds studyStricter laws on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits while driving might have an unintended consequence on hit-and-run fatalities, according to a study from researchers at Florida Atlantic University and the University of Miami. |
 | Study shows how estrogen protects against fatty liverNew research from Karolinska Institutet shows how estrogen protects against MASLD, a fatty liver disease that has increased dramatically during the current obesity epidemic. The study, published in Molecular Systems Biology, shows how a new drug under development could become a future treatment for fatty liver disease and liver cancer. |
 | Mobile phone users who talk longer do not have a higher risk of brain tumors, international study findsA large international research study, COSMOS, initiated by Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Imperial College London, has studied more than 250,000 mobile phone users to investigate whether those who use mobile phones extensively and over a long time-period have a higher risk of brain tumors than others. The study, published in Environment International, found no link between mobile phone use and the risk of brain tumors. |
 | AAD: concerns noted relating to use of AI dermatology appsThere are notable concerns relating to the use of currently available artificial intelligence (AI) dermatology mobile applications (apps), according to a study published online March 7 in JAMA Dermatology to coincide with the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, held from March 8 to 10 in San Diego. |
 | Study shows good sleep stimulates the immune systemResearchers at LMU Munich have shown that sleep enhances the migratory potential of T cells toward lymph nodes. |
 | Comparing pregnancy rates in patients undergoing two types of dialysisAmong patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on home dialysis, pregnancy rates are higher with home hemodialysis than peritoneal dialysis, according to new research from the University of Cincinnati. |
 | Senate passes bill to compensate more Americans exposed to radiationMore Americans exposed to radiation caused by the government would be compensated under a bill that passed the U.S. Senate Thursday. |
 | FDA delays decision on new Alzheimer's drugInstead of approving the new Alzheimer's drug donanemab this month, as was expected, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will now require the experimental medication be scrutinized more closely by an expert panel, the drug's maker said Friday. |
 | A number of teens meet criteria for metabolic, bariatric surgery: StudyA large percentage of adolescents meet eligibility criteria for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), according to a study published online Feb. 27 in Pediatrics. |
 | It's that time again: Tips on adjusting to the start of Daylight Saving TimeWhen the clocks spring forward or fall back, many folks will find themselves struggling to adjust. |
 | Q&A: Are nicotine pouches safe?In an impressive showing of alliteration, Sen. Chuck Schumer recently described the trending nicotine product Zyn as a "pouch packed with problems" while delivering a warning to parents and calling for a federal investigation into the brand's marketing tactics and health effects. |
 | Morphology of vestibular aqueduct linked to Meniere diseaseMorphological characteristics of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) are associated with the occurrence of Meniere disease (MD), according to a study published online Feb. 17 in The Laryngoscope. |
 | AI predicts healthiness of food menus and highlights 'double burden' of unhealthy food environment in deprived areasScientists at the University of Cambridge have used artificial intelligence to predict the healthiness of cafe, takeaway and restaurant menus at outlets across Britain and used this information to map which of its local authorities have the most and least healthy food environments. |
 | Study finds microRNA can predict severe Crohn's disease in childrenWhen comparing intestinal samples of children with Crohn's disease and healthy children, one molecule stands out: the microRNA (miRNA) miR-29, which shows significant differences between the two groups, researchers found. |
 | People with diabetes who live in rural areas more likely to develop complications of the disease, study findsIt has been well established that people who live in rural areas in the U.S. are more likely to have diabetes and experience barriers to managing their condition compared to those who live in the suburbs and cities. Now, University of Maryland School of Medicine researchers have measured the devastating toll of this health disparity. |
 | Socially prescribed creative play found to boost parents' and children's well-beingSocially prescribed creative play helps children and their parents develop new skills and promotes well-being, a new study has found. |
 | Medicaid eligibility during pandemic led to increased postpartum coverage, study suggestsMaternal mortality rates in the U.S. are increasing and considered high compared to other wealthy nations. And Medicaid coverage plays a large role in maternal health, as it funds nearly half of all the births in the country. |
 | UNICEF: 230 million females are circumcised globally, 30 million more than in 2016Over 230 million women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation, most of whom live in Africa, according to a report issued on Friday by the United Nations children's agency. |
 | Ambien, Lunesta, Sonata: What are the 'Z meds' for sleep?Ambien, Lunesta, Sonata: Millions of bleary-eyed Americans turn to this class of so-called "Z-drugs" to get restful sleep. |
 | Impact of onset time, number, type, and sequence of extrahepatic organ failure on prognosis of liver failureThe impact of the characteristics of extrahepatic organ failure (EHOF) including the onset time, number, type, and sequence on the prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the association between the characteristics of EHOF and the prognosis of ACLF patients. |
Other Sciences news
 | Doing more but learning less: Addressing the risks of AI in researchArtificial intelligence (AI) is widely heralded for its potential to enhance productivity in scientific research. But with that promise come risks that could narrow scientists' ability to better understand the world, according to a new paper co-authored by a Yale anthropologist. |
 | Keep the change: Scientists analyze the attitudes of shop assistantsThe limited number of shoppers during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the unfavorable behavior of sellers toward buyers. The fewer shoppers in the shop, the more likely the sellers were to keep their change, a study by scientists from SWPS University shows. For shoppers, it is a signal to remain vigilant; for decision-makers, it is a practical tip for shaping policies during crises. |
 | Research unveils effective STEM program models for high school students from historically marginalized communitiesAn Institute for Systems Biology (ISB)-led study has unveiled important insights and actionable protocols into providing equitable STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) experiences for high school students from historically marginalized communities. The research highlights the transformative power of informal STEM learning in addressing societal challenges and the ease with which many organizations could provide these important opportunities. |
 | Small class sizes not better for pupils' grades or resilience, says studySmaller class sizes in schools are failing to increase the resilience of children from low-income families, according to a study published in the International Journal of Science Education. |
 | 'Politicians in robes': How a sharp right turn imperiled trust in the Supreme CourtFor decades, the U.S. Supreme Court was viewed as one of the few American institutions respected by Democrats and Republicans alike. It was seen as a legal institution, not a political one, strengthened by its "norms, processes, symbols, and independence"—and was granted greater public trust and legitimacy than most other institutions. |
 | How families glued to separate devices can connect againIt's Saturday afternoon and the kids are all connected to separate devices. So are the parents. Sounds familiar? |
 | 'Are we dating the same guy?' These women-run groups are accused of being toxic, but they carry a feminist legacyIn 2022, a social network was formed in New York for women to share warnings about their interactions with men on dating apps. These were men who had allegedly lied, manipulated, cheated on, ghosted, used or abused them. |
 | Meta's lost revenue is a huge hit for public interest journalism in Australia, which was already reeling from cutbacksPublic interest journalism was already under significant stress in Australia. And now the pressure is ratcheting up even further. |
 | Too much heat in the kitchen: Survey shows toxic work conditions mean many chefs are getting outChefs are in hot demand. "Chefs, chefs, chefs! Virtually impossible to find anyone," lamented one Auckland restaurant owner recently. Australia is seeing a similar gap, with chefs ranked the eighth most in-demand occupation. Given this culinary skills shortage, we might expect such sought-after employees to be highly valued. |
 | Insurance is the latest weapon financial abusers use against their partners. Here's how we fix it"They knew we had separated. Why did they let him cancel the policy and refund him the money without giving me a call to let me know the house and contents were no longer insured, or not do it before speaking to me first?" |
 | Working from home can make workers healthier and happier, benefits employersSome of us used to imagine a world where the morning commute was a short stroll from your bedroom, the dress code included comfy slippers, and the closest coffee shop was your kitchen. Then working from home became a reality for many during the COVID pandemic, reshaping our work-life balance. |
 | New study unveils strategies to combat disinformation wars on social mediaIn an era where social media platforms have become battlegrounds for information integrity, a new study sheds light on the mechanics of disinformation spread and offers innovative solutions to counteract it. |
 | Unexpected outcomes: Digital nudges in online teamworkThe dramatic expansion of Internet communication tools has led to increases in temporary online groups that solve problems, provide services, or produce new knowledge. But many of these groups struggle to collaborate effectively. |
 | Study finds there's a right way and a wrong way to deliver negative feedback in the workplaceDon't worry if an employee reacts poorly to negative feedback. It doesn't necessarily mean they will perform poorly on subsequent work, according to research from Virginia Commonwealth University. |
 | A fresh warning from experts on the dangers of posting your kids onlineParents considering posting pictures and information of their children online should re-think how they go about it, in a new warning from Edith Cowan University (ECU) data experts. |
 | Why did more female infants than male infants die in Europe from 1700 to 1950?"Missing Girls in Historical Europe" is a major research project at NTNU in which researchers have looked into numbers of girls and boys in European countries over a 250-year period. They found that the number of male children was higher in several countries during periods of poverty and poor living conditions. |
 | Study finds American trust in scientific expertise survived polarization and previous administration's attack on scienceA new analysis shows that trust in scientific expertise among the American public remained high during the last six decades and that the Trump administration attacks on scientific expertise did not modify the basic confidence of Americans in science and scientific expertise. |
 | NASA Pi Day challenge serves up a mathematical marvelMarch 14 marks the annual celebration of the mathematical constant pi, aka the Greek letter π. Its infinite number of digits is usually rounded to 3.14, hence the date of Pi Day. For some people, the occasion marks an annual excuse to eat pizza or pie (or both), but to truly honor this wondrously useful number, a serving of mathematics is in order, too. NASA is here to help. |
 | Q&A: How will generative artificial intelligence affect political advertising in 2024?It's estimated that $12 billion will be spent on political ads this election cycle—30% more than in 2020. The sheer volume of ads is remarkable, and there is vast potential to use this political information to contribute to democracy: to reach more potential voters and provide accurate information. |
 | Why do we blame the victim?In an age of GoFundMe campaigns, it's easier than ever to help family, friends and even strangers in times of need. It's also easy to look the other way. "Most people see themselves as cooperative and generous, but there's a cost to helping people who can't reciprocate," said Pascal Boyer, the Henry Luce Professor of Collective and Individual Memory in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. |
 | Hoping for victory can stand in the way of peace, psychologists sayResearch on group-based hope typically focuses on the positive effects of hope, such as peace and harmony. However, a new research project shows that another collective hope can stand in the way of peace in armed conflicts: the hope of defeating the enemy. |
 | Gender bias leads to lower-rated female films, researchers say"Barbie" might have won the dance-off against "Oppenheimer" at the box office, but a new Robert H. Smith School of Business study may explain why the hot-pink bubble burst well before this Oscar weekend. |
 | Populations of the future: Updated tool helps to visualize projectionsNew projections of population and human capital provide insights into what our future could look like all the way until the year 2100 under different developmental scenarios. The findings are presented in the datasets compiled by IIASA scientists in partnership with the Wittgenstein Center for Demography and Global Human Capital. |
 | Analysis establishes a framework for fairness in accounting, auditingNearly 40 years ago, the esteemed accounting professor Yuji Ijiri suggested that fairness is one of the most essential concepts in accounting and asked how to ensure a fair information flow system. In a new analysis, researchers examine whether it is feasible to establish a fair accounting framework in a logically and mathematically rigorous manner and then propose a framework for doing so. |
 | 80% of Australians think AI risk is a global priority—the government needs to step up, say researchersA new nationally representative survey has revealed Australians are deeply concerned about the risks posed by artificial intelligence (AI). They want the government to take stronger action to ensure its safe development and use. |
 | Personal trauma and criminal offending are closely linked—arguing for justice system reformNew Zealand's justice system is failing. The country has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the OECD, and over 56% of people with prior convictions are reconvicted within two years. |
 | Open creativity: Increased creativity due to network relationshipsA paper published in International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management aims to show that the network of frequent relationships established between agents in coworking environments, through weak ties, increases the generation of ideas. The paper is titled "Open Creativity: Increased Creativity Due to Network Relationships in Coworking Environments." |
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