Science X Newsletter Tue, Mar 19

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 19, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Self-organizing robotic aggregate design inspired by flowing and rigid behaviors of sandpiles

Root cause of Alzheimer's may be fat buildup in brain cells, research suggests

New evidence suggests Ötzi the Iceman's tattoos were made using a single-pointed tool

Partner's disturbed sleep keeping you up at night? Letting go of unattainable dreams may keep you both happy in bed

Molecular crystal motors move like microbes when exposed to light

Does AI help or hurt human radiologists' performance? It depends on the doctor

In nerve cells, insulin regulates whether mitochondria are shut down or kept running

Scientists identify Achilles heel of lung cancer protein

Brain recordings in people before surgery reveal how minds plan what to say prior to speaking

New spatial profiling approach maps out discoveries for future brain research

Drug candidate may 'unmask' latent HIV-infected cells, mark them for destruction

Genetic study finds epidemic of kuru likely led to migration of women in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

Social bonding gets people on the same wavelength, neural synchronization study suggests

Researchers develop AI foundation models to advance pathology

Biomarkers of the middle-aged brain could predict cognitive health in old age, say researchers

Nanotechnology news

	Scientists develop tunable colored films for displays and sensors Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed flexible films that exhibit bright colors purely by virtue of their physical structure, without the need for any pigment. When stretched, the films exhibit a change in color as a response to the mechanical deformation.
	Scientists discover super sensor for the smallest scales A team that included researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory used a new twist on an old method to detect materials at some of the smallest amounts yet recorded.
	Gold nanoclusters offer sustainable solution for wastewater polluted by dyes used in many industries Water pollution from dyes used in textile, food, cosmetic and other manufacturing is a major ecological concern with industry and scientists seeking biocompatible and more sustainable alternatives to protect the environment.
	Nanoparticles target multiple COVID variants through the twist in the spike protein Teardrop-shaped particles designed to inactivate multiple strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus could one day complement existing treatments for COVID-19, according to a new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan and Jiangnan University in Wuxi, China.
	Research seeks to develop mRNA lipid nanoparticles for next-generation oral cancer tumor suppressor therapy A study aiming to develop a lipid nanoparticles (LNP) platform for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) utilizing p53 mRNA was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..

Physics news

	Cracking the quantum code: Simulations track entangled quarks Today, the word "quantum" is everywhere—in company names, movie titles, even theaters. But at its core, the concept of a quantum—the tiniest, discrete amount of something—was first developed to explain the behavior of the smallest bits of matter and energy.
	A method to accurately center quantum dots within photonic chips Devices that capture the brilliant light from millions of quantum dots, including chip-scale lasers and optical amplifiers, have made the transition from laboratory experiments to commercial products. But newer types of quantum-dot devices have been slower to come to market because they require extraordinarily accurate alignment between individual dots and the miniature optics that extract and guide the emitted radiation.
	2D optoelectronic neuron array achieves broadband and low-loss optical nonlinearity accessible with ambient light Light can compute functions during its propagation and interaction with structured materials, with high speed and low energy consumption. Achieving universal computing using all-optical neural networks requires optical activation layers with nonlinear dependence on input. However, the existing optical nonlinear materials are either slow or have very weak nonlinearity under the natural light intensity levels captured by a camera. Therefore, the design and development of new optical activation functions is essential for realizing optical neural networks that compute with ambient light.
	Continuous non-invasive glucose sensing on the horizon with the development of a new optical sensor For decades, people with diabetes have relied on finger pricks to withdraw blood or adhesive microneedles to measure and manage their glucose levels. In addition to being painful, these methods can cause itching, inflammation and infection.
	Spectroscopy and theory shed light on excitons in semiconductors From solar panels on our roofs to the new OLED TV screens, many everyday electronic devices simply wouldn't work without the interaction between light and the materials that make up semiconductors. A new category of semiconductors is based on organic molecules, which largely consist of carbon, such as buckminsterfullerene.
	Research team establishes synthetic dimension dynamics to manipulate light In the realm of physics, synthetic dimensions (SDs) have emerged as one of the frontiers of active research, offering a pathway to explore phenomena in higher-dimensional spaces, beyond our conventional 3D geometrical space. The concept has garnered significant attention, especially in topological photonics, due to its potential to unlock rich physics inaccessible in traditional dimensions.
	Pushing the limit of the periodic table with superheavy elements Scientists from Massey University in New Zealand, the University of Mainz in Germany, Sorbonne University in France, and the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) discuss the limit of the periodic table and revising the concept of the "island of stability" with recent advances in superheavy element research. Their work first appeared in Nature Reviews Physics.
	Combating counterfeiting: Advanced hologram protection invented Counterfeiting of various documents, banknotes, or tickets is a common problem that can be encountered in everyday life, even when shopping. Recognizing the scale and seriousness of the problem, researchers at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania, decided to look for ways to further reduce the risk of counterfeiting by inventing a new method to produce holographic security labels.

Earth news

	Trees, bushes near highways can significantly reduce air pollution, study finds Trees and bushes planted near highways do more than improve the scenery. A new Georgia State University study finds they significantly reduce air pollution caused by motor vehicles, which has been linked to a host of illnesses.
	Frequency of heat days may be systematically underestimated in many studies Many studies on the climate crisis focus on researching temperature extremes on a global scale. Scientists at the University of Vienna have now uncovered an error in an established calculation method, leading to a systematic underestimation in the frequency of heat days.
	Global warming and plastic pollution entwined in vicious circle, researchers say Typically viewed as unrelated problems, global warming and plastic pollution are instead inextricably trapped in a "vicious circle" where one feeds the other, researchers in Sweden report in Nature Communications. The mutually-reinforcing relationship escalates global warming, the degradation of materials, plastic waste and the leaching of toxic chemicals into the biosphere.
	Sea surface temperature research provides clear evidence of human-caused climate change New oceanic research provides clear evidence of a human "fingerprint" on climate change and shows that specific signals from human activities have altered the seasonal cycle amplitude of sea surface temperatures (SST).
	The heat index—how hot it feels—is rising faster than temperature: Study Texans have long endured scorching summer temperatures, so a global warming increase of about 3 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 Celsius) might not sound like much to worry about.
	Researchers investigate how freshwater diatoms stay in the light Spring weather brings welcome conditions for flowers and plant life to bloom across the land. The right mixture of temperature, moisture, and light helps keep the green world vibrant.
	Study finds large accumulations of plastics in the ocean, even outside so-called garbage patch When plastic ends up in the ocean, it gradually weathers and disintegrates into small particles. If marine animals ingest these particles, their health can be severely affected. Large accumulations of plastic can therefore disrupt the biological balance of marine ecosystems. But which areas are particularly affected?
	Climate change graphics are important—make them simple, say experts When the "hockey stick" graph, which illustrated a steep increase in global temperatures, was published in 1998, it reshaped the world's understanding of climate change. A quarter-century later, with climate change now wreaking havoc around the world, graphics depicting global warming are more important than ever to inform policymaking.
	Study links microplastics with human health problems, but there's still a lot we don't know A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has linked microplastics with risk to human health.
	How do we tell future generations about highly radioactive nuclear waste repositories? In Europe, increasing efforts on climate change mitigation, a sudden focus on energy independence after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and reported breakthroughs in nuclear fusion have sparked renewed interest in the potential of nuclear power. So-called small modular reactors (SMRs) are increasingly under development, and familiar promises about nuclear power's potential are being revived.
	On a climate rollercoaster: How Australia's environment fared in the world's hottest year Global climate records were shattered in 2023, from air and sea temperatures to sea-level rise and sea-ice extent. Scores of countries recorded their hottest year and numerous weather disasters occurred as climate change reared its head.
	How ghost streams and redlining's legacy lead to unfairness in flood risk in Detroit and elsewhere In 2021, metro Detroit was hit with a rainstorm so severe that President Joe Biden issued a major disaster declaration at state officials' request.
	Climate change is speeding up in Antarctica In recent years, Antarctica has experienced a series of unprecedented heat waves. On 6 February 2020, temperatures of 18.3°C were recorded, the highest ever seen on the continent, beating the previous record of 17.5°C which had only been set a few years earlier.
	Cellulose fibers are emerging as a sustainable option for wrapping everything from foods to electronics Attention supermarket shoppers in Belgium, France and Luxembourg: a test to cut waste from plastic packaging of foods is coming to nearby stores.
	European plastics industry 'in trouble' as market share falls Europe's share of global plastics production has fallen while China's output now accounts for a third, an industry report showed Tuesday.
	Planet 'on the brink', with new heat records likely in 2024: UN Global temperatures "smashed" heat records last year, as heat waves stalked oceans and glaciers suffered record ice loss, the United Nations said Tuesday—warning 2024 was likely to be even hotter.
	Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds to biomass-burning organic aerosols Biomass burning, including wildfires and residential heating, emits a variety of air pollutants and has a series of negative impacts on the environment.
	Research unveils findings in storm microphysics parameterization Research led by Professor Ming Xue from the University of Oklahoma's Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms has uncovered new insights into microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes, significantly advancing our understanding of ice hydrometeor representations in weather modeling.
	Nigerian bakeries need support to shift to clean energy, researchers say Bakeries in Nigeria which use traditional open ovens fueled by hardwood cut from local forests are contributing to rapid deforestation and climate change, according to a study from academics working in Nigeria and from the University of York and UCL.
	Oil firms want to drill in four of the UK's areas of outstanding natural beauty Think of onshore oil fields and images of oil derricks and "nodding donkeys" may spring to mind, perhaps in Texas or the Middle East. So it might come as a surprise to learn that the UK has its own onshore oil fields, mostly scattered across the east Midlands and southern England. Wytch Farm, on the south coast, is the largest onshore oil field in western Europe.
	Counteracting effects on ENSO due to ocean chlorophyll interannual variability and instability in the tropical Pacific In as study published in the journal Science China Earth Sciences and led by Prof. Rong-Hua Zhang (School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology), large perturbations in chlorophyll (Chl) were observed to coexist at interannual and tropical instability wave (TIW) scales in the tropical Pacific.

Astronomy and Space news

	Microgravity found to cause marked changes in gene expression rhythms in humans Simulated effects of microgravity, created by 60 days of constant bed rest, severely disrupts rhythmic gene expression in humans, according to a new study from the University of Surrey published in iScience.
	Astrophysicist's research could provide a hint in the search for dark matter Dark matter is one of science's greatest mysteries. It doesn't absorb, reflect or emit light, so we can't see it. But its presence is implied by the gravitational effects it appears to have on galaxies.
	NASA study: Asteroid's orbit, shape changed after DART impact After NASA's historic Double Asteroid Redirection Test, a JPL-led study has shown that the shape of asteroid Dimorphos has changed and its orbit has shrunk.
	Creeping ice clouding vision of Europe space telescope Euclid Scientists are trying to melt a thin layer of ice that is increasingly clouding the vision of the "dark universe detective" space telescope Euclid, the European Space Agency said on Tuesday.
	Floating crystals slow stellar aging. For some stars, this can delay death by billions of years Imagine the embers of a campfire, slowly dimming over time. That is the fate most stars in the universe face. After their nuclear fuel is spent, 98 percent of stars—including our sun—will eventually become white dwarfs. These small, dense remnants are thought to simply cool down, becoming ever fainter as the universe ages.
	Advanced imager ready for installation on IMAP spacecraft Another of the instruments planned for flight aboard NASA's Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) is ready for installation on the spacecraft.
	Webb finds hints of a third planet at PDS 70 The exoplanet census now stands at 5,599 confirmed discoveries in 4,163 star systems, with another 10,157 candidates awaiting confirmation. So far, the vast majority of these have been detected using indirect methods, including transit photometry (74.4%) and radial velocity measurements (19.4%).
	NASA delivers science instrument to JAXA's Martian Moons mission On March 14, NASA handed over its gamma-ray and neutron spectrometer instrument to JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) for integration onto JAXA's MMX (Martian Moons eXploration) mission spacecraft and final system-level testing.
	Planetary geophysics: What is it? What can it teach us about finding life beyond Earth? Universe Today has examined the importance of studying impact craters, planetary surfaces, exoplanets, astrobiology, solar physics, comets, and planetary atmospheres, and how these intriguing scientific disciplines can help scientists and the public better understand how we are pursuing life beyond Earth.
	Operations begin to de-ice Euclid's vision A few layers of water ice—the width of a strand of DNA—are starting to impact Euclid's vision; a common issue for spacecraft in the freezing cold of space, but a potential problem for this highly sensitive mission that requires remarkable precision to investigate the nature of the dark universe.
	Astrophysicist explains science behind once-in-a-lifetime nova outburst that will light up the sky this year The total solar eclipse isn't the only reason to keep your eyes to the sky this year. For the first time in 80 years, a star system 3,000 light years away will be visible to the naked eye thanks to a once-in-a-lifetime nova outburst.
	NASA's Swift temporarily suspends science operations On March 15, NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory entered into safe mode, temporarily suspending science operations due to degrading performance from one of its three gyroscopes (gyros), which are used to point the observatory for making observations. The rest of the spacecraft remains in good health.

Technology news

	Self-organizing robotic aggregate design inspired by flowing and rigid behaviors of sandpiles Researchers at the University of Chicago and the Illinois Institute of Technology recently developed Granulobot, a new modular robotic system that can change its physical shape to best navigate different environments.
	Researchers develop brain-inspired wireless system to gather data from salt-sized sensors Tiny chips may equal a big breakthrough for a team of scientists led by Brown University engineers. Writing in Nature Electronics, the research team describes a novel approach for a wireless communication network that can efficiently transmit, receive and decode data from thousands of microelectronic chips that are each no larger than a grain of salt.
	Researchers report efficiency breakthrough for narrow-bandgap perovskite cells A research team, led by Professor Sung-Yeon Jang in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST has achieved a significant advancement in solar cell technology. Through a collaborative effort with Professor Sang Kyu Kwak and his team at Korea University, the researchers have developed a technology that greatly enhances the efficiency of solar cell devices by integrating tin–lead halide perovskites (TLHPs) photoactive layers with quantum dot layers.
	Machine learning, quantum computing may transform health care, including diagnosing pneumonia Pneumonia, an infection in the lungs that causes difficulty breathing, is most commonly diagnosed through chest X-rays. Typically, those chest X-rays are read by radiologists, but workforce shortages mean that in the future, it could be harder to get a diagnosis in a timely manner.
	Apple's MM1: A multimodal LLM model capable of interpreting both images and text data A team of computer scientists and engineers at Apple has developed an LLM model that the company claims can interpret both images and data. The group has posted a paper to the arXiv preprint server describing their new MM1 family of multimodal models and test results.
	Researchers develop bendable energy storage materials Imagine being able to wear your smartphone on your wrist, not as a watch, but literally as a flexible band that surrounds around your arm. How about clothes that charge your gadgets just by wearing them?
	Artificial nanofluidic synapses can store computational memory Memory, or the ability to store information in a readily accessible way, is an essential operation in computers and human brains. A key difference is that while brain information processing involves performing computations directly on stored data, computers shuttle data back and forth between a memory unit and a central processing unit (CPU). This inefficient separation (the von Neumann bottleneck) contributes to the rising energy cost of computers.
	'Matryoshka doll' structures provide solution for next-generation miniaturized filter capacitors A research team led by Prof. Meng Guowen and Prof. Han Fangming from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with Prof. Wei Bingqing from the University of Delaware, miniaturized line-filtering capacitors with "matryoshka doll" structure electrodes, providing a high-performance and space-saving solution for line-filtering applications.
	Researchers reveal roadmap for AI innovation in brain and language learning One of the hallmarks of humanity is language, but now, powerful new artificial intelligence tools also compose poetry, write songs, and have extensive conversations with human users. Tools like ChatGPT and Gemini are widely available at the tap of a button—but just how smart are these AIs?
	Novel material for perovskite solar cells can improve their stability and efficiency A team of chemists from Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania, developed a new material for perovskite solar cells. After polymerization, it can be used as a hole transporting layer in both regular and inverted architecture solar cells; in both cases, the solar elements constructed have better power conversion efficiencies and operational stability.
	Spotify paid $9 billion in royalties in 2023. Here's what fueled the growth Spotify paid out $9 billion in streaming royalties last year, the streaming giant said Tuesday in its latest "Loud and Clear" report.
	AI titan Nvidia ramps up collaboration with Chinese auto giants Nvidia on Monday announced a major expansion of its collaboration with world-leading BYD and other Chinese electric car makers, including on the development of autonomous AI-boosted vehicles.
	Nvidia unveils higher performing 'superchips' Nvidia on Monday unveiled its latest family of chips for powering artificial intelligence, as it seeks to consolidate its position as the major supplier to the AI frenzy.
	An AI robot is spotting sick tulips to slow the spread of disease through Dutch bulb fields Theo works weekdays, weekends and nights and never complains about a sore spine despite performing hour upon hour of what, for a regular farm hand, would be backbreaking labor checking Dutch tulip fields for sick flowers.
	Using 'time travel' to think about technology from the perspective of future generations The world approaches an environmental tipping point, and our decisions now regarding energy, resources, and the environment will have profound consequences for the future. Despite this, most sustainable thought tends to be limited to the viewpoint of current generations.
	What'll happen when Facebook stops paying for news? Here's what happened when radio stopped paying for music Why are musicians so keen to get played on the radio?
	The 'digital divide' is already hurting people's quality of life. Will AI make it better or worse? Today, almost a quarter of Australians are digitally excluded. This means they miss out on the social, educational and economic benefits online connectivity provides.
	As the US government and record labels go after TikTok, musicians get the squeeze For much of the year, TikTok has been on the defensive.
	Researchers find new dimensions in decades-old strength test John Dolbow, professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at Duke University and Oscar Lopez-Pamies, professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have collaborated on computational fracture mechanics to understand better and predict material failure. Their work has been published in the Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids.
	Building fairness into AI is crucial, and hard to get right Artificial intelligence's capacity to process and analyze vast amounts of data has revolutionized decision-making processes, making operations in health care, finance, criminal justice and other sectors of society more efficient and, in many instances, more effective.
	Renault CEO urges 'Marshall Plan' for Europe electric vehicles The chief executive of French automaker Renault called Tuesday for a European "Marshall Plan" to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles and reduce carbon emissions in the face of Chinese competition.
	Q&A: What you need to know about audio deepfakes Audio deepfakes have had a recent bout of bad press after an AI-generated robocall purporting to be the voice of Joe Biden hit up New Hampshire residents, urging them not to cast ballots. Meanwhile, spear-phishers—phishing campaigns that target a specific person or group, especially using information known to be of interest to the target—go fishing for money, and actors aim to preserve their audio likeness.
	Philips looks to AI as seeks to turn the page on defective respirators Medical device manufacturer Philips is betting on innovation as artificial intelligence (AI) transforms the health care industry, its chief executive told AFP in an interview on Tuesday, as the company looks to turn the page on a massive recall of defective sleep respirators.
	A advance in solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries: Twice the quality with streamlined processes Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) has reached a significant milestone with a study published in Energy Storage Materials, marking a crucial stride toward the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries, free from the inherent risks of explosion and fire.
	UnitedHealth says it has made progress on recovering from a massive cyberattack UnitedHealth is testing the last major system it must restore from last month's Change Healthcare cyberattack, but it has no date yet for finishing the recovery.
	Images taken deep inside melted Fukushima reactor show damage, but leave many questions unanswered Images taken by miniature drones from deep inside a badly damaged reactor at the Fukushima nuclear plant show displaced control equipment and misshapen materials but leave many questions unanswered, underscoring the daunting task of decommissioning the plant.
	Exploring biomimetic curved artificial compound eyes As one of the most successful eye designs in the animal kingdom, natural compound eyes (NCEs) have attracted significant research attention in replicating the anatomical configuration to form biomimetic curved artificial compound eyes (BCACEs).
	Reduced risk of PEMFC flooding by gas diffusion media hydrophobic gradient Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) are typically powered by polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and produce water in the cathode.

Chemistry news

	Molecular crystal motors move like microbes when exposed to light At first glance, Rabih O. Al-Kaysi's molecular motors look like the microscopic worms you'd see in a drop of pond water. But these wriggling ribbons are not alive; they're devices made from crystallized molecules that perform coordinated movements when exposed to light. With continued development, Al-Kaysi and colleagues say, their tiny machines could be used by physicians as drug-delivery robots or engineered into arrays that direct the flow of water around submarines.
	Molecular orientation is key: Shining new light on electron behavior using 2-photon photoemission spectroscopy Organic electronics is a field that has garnered significant interest in academic and industrial circles due to its potential applications in OLEDs and organic solar cells, offering advantages such as lightweight design, flexibility, and cost-efficiency. These devices are made by depositing a thin film of organic molecules onto a substrate that acts as an electrode, and function by controlling the transfer of electrons between the thin film and the substrate.
	Researchers use nitrogen-based compounds as new high-performance energy storage materials Researchers at the University of Bayreuth have synthesized unique scandium polynitrides under extreme conditions, with exotic chemistry and potential applications as high-energy-density materials.
	Researchers uncover culprits behind pitting corrosion in 3D-printed stainless steel Like a hidden enemy, pitting corrosion attacks metal surfaces, making it difficult to detect and control. This type of corrosion, primarily caused by prolonged contact with seawater in nature, is especially problematic for naval vessels.
	Is food waste the key to sustainable, plastic-free diapers and sanitary pads? Once thrown away, disposable items such as diapers and sanitary pads can take hundreds of years to decompose, because their absorbent parts and waterproof layers contain plastics and other synthetic polymers. But now, researchers are replacing these materials with porous components made from protein biomass that is often discarded by the food and agricultural industries. These components are sustainable and biodegradable, and could potentially allow future diapers and sanitary pads to be flushed down a toilet or used as fertilizer.
	New technique measures psilocybin potency of mushrooms Since the 1970s, the federal government has listed the active ingredients in mushrooms—psilocybin and psilocin—as illegal and having no accepted medical use.
	Ammonia induction strategy for preparation of transition metal oxides / zeolite H₂S adsorbent Blast furnace gas (BFG) is an important by-product energy for the iron and steel industry and has been widely used for heating and electricity generation. However, the undesirable contaminants, such as COS, CS2, and H2S, in BFG generate harmful environmental emissions.
	Carbon-based supports for electrocatalysis under industrially relevant conditions Carbon materials, due to their appropriate physicochemical characteristics such as high surface area, adjustable pore structure, variable morphology, and multifunctional surface properties based on chemical modifications, low cost, and ease of preparation from various precursors, are ideal carrier materials for functional metal components.
	Regulating atomic Fe-Rh site distance for efficient oxygen reduction reaction In a study published in the journal Science China Chemistry, the authors systematically design and investigate the site-distance effect of Fe-Rh atom catalysts (Fe-Rhx@NC) supported by N-doped graphene for ORR by an integrated theoretical and experimental approach.

Biology news

	Researchers identify role of subgenomes in bamboo evolution As a major driving force of evolution, polyploidy (genome duplication) is ubiquitous across different evolutionary stages of the flowering plant tree of life. However, the interactions between the ancestral genomes in a polyploid nucleus, often involving subgenome dominance, have been poorly understood.
	Being queen is all in this termite's head, finds gene expression study In the world of termites studied by Northeastern professor Rebeca Rosengaus, worker termites spend their few short months on Earth cleaning and feeding their enormous long-lived queen mother and tending to her eggs and their young siblings.
	Level of microplastic in seabed creatures depends on location and how they feed, finds study The "burden" of plastic within animal species recovered from the seafloor has given scientists a new insight into the environmental risk associated with plastic.
	Investigating the three-dimensional structure of symbiotic communities around plant roots Animals and plants form complex symbiotic communities with microorganisms, the so-called microbiome. A research team from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ) in Cologne has now investigated the three-dimensional microbiota structure around plant roots.
	How the genetic battle of the sexes plays out in species that can switch sex A model developed by RIKEN researchers incorporates species that change sex during their life cycles for the first time, promising new insights into genes affecting the reproductive success of males and females differently. The study is published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
	Searching for data in DNA with CRISPR The digital age has led to the explosive growth of data of all kinds. Traditional methods for storing data—such as hard drives—are beginning to face challenges due to limited storage capacities. With the growing demand for data storage on the rise, alternate mediums of data storage are becoming increasingly popular—and necessary.
	AI-powered system maps corals in 3D in record time An artificial intelligence system developed at EPFL can produce 3D maps of coral reefs from camera footage in just a few minutes. It marks a major leap forward in deep-sea exploration and conservation capabilities for organizations like the Transnational Red Sea Center (TRSC).
	Sandy soil reptiles are more threatened by climate change than has been supposed, study shows Reptiles that live in sandy soils in dry areas and tolerate high temperatures have been considered beneficiaries of global warming as suitable habitats expand owing to climate change. However, a study by Brazilian researchers shows this is not necessarily the case, according to an article published in the Journal of Arid Environments.
	Researchers use an edible blue-green algae to protect honey bees against viruses Scientists at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) have developed an edible antiviral treatment that can be used to protect honey bees against deformed wing virus (DWV) and other viruses, according to a recent study published in npj Sustainable Agriculture.
	Female mosquitoes rely on one another to choose the best breeding sites, and they're already on the hunt Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, one of the most common species in the U.S., love everything about humans. They love our body heat and odors, which enable them to find us. They love to feed on our blood to make their eggs mature. They even love all the standing water that we create. Uncovered containers, old tires and junk piles collect water and are perfect for breeding.
	FDA approves first drug to treat yeast ear infections in dogs The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first drug to treat yeast ear infections in dogs.
	Crocodile genetics study to inform population management The results of a long-range genetic study of Queensland's estuarine crocodiles have shown they can be described broadly as six populations living within 12 distinct bioregions.
	Q&A: Celebrity owl Flaco's recent death in NYC highlights how bird strikes with buildings are strikingly common The recent death of Flaco, a Eurasian eagle owl who escaped from New York City's famed Central Park Zoo last year, brought new attention to the issue of bird strikes: Experts estimate that roughly a billion birds die in the U.S. every year in collisions with buildings and skyscrapers.
	Advancing soybean yield through high-throughput UAV phenotyping and dynamic modeling Soybeans, valued for their use as both oilseeds and grains, encounter yield limitations compared to crops like maize and rice, emphasizing the necessity for developing higher-yielding varieties.
	Monitoring and measuring biodiversity requires more than just numbers: Scientists advocate for change Assessing wildlife populations, as well as understanding the dynamics of their numbers and distributions across various regions, is a critical measure known in science as abundance.
	Study shows benefits of chatgroups to human health can be replicated in plant health A CABI-led study has revealed that there is evidence of the benefits of chatgroups to human health, which can also be replicated in plant health.
	Fairy circles: Plant water stress causes Namibia's gaps in grass Namibia's legendary fairy circles are mysterious, circular, bald patches in the dry grasslands on the edge of the Namib Desert. Their formation has been researched for decades and has recently been the subject of much debate. With extensive fieldwork, researchers from the University of Göttingen in Germany and Ben Gurion University in Israel investigated how freshly germinated grass dies inside the fairy circle.
	Cape lions were genetically diverse prior to extinction, researchers find Cape lions used to roam the Cape Flats grassland plains of South Africa, in what is now known as Western Cape Providence. When Europeans arrived in South Africa in the mid-1600s, Cape lions, along with many other African carnivores and herbivores, were hunted as agricultural practice to protect livestock and humans. By the mid-1800s, less than 200 years since European arrival, Cape lions had been hunted to extinction.
	New Zealand government wants to fast-track approvals of large infrastructure projects. That's bad news for biodiversity In the latest move to reform environmental laws in New Zealand, the coalition government has introduced a bill to fast-track consenting processes for projects deemed to be of national or regional significance.
	Increased risk of major bark beetle outbreaks in Norway The European spruce bark beetle has killed several hundred million spruce trees in Sweden and Central Europe in the last five years. A warmer climate will ultimately result in more damage also in Norwegian spruce forests. Fewer spruce trees and softer clearcut edges can prevent and mitigate future bark beetle outbreaks.
	Baby giraffe dies of a broken neck at Zoo Miami A baby giraffe has died of a broken neck at Zoo Miami, zoo officials said.
	Largest fish in Missouri's records caught in Lake of the Ozarks: A 164-pound 'dinosaur' A fisherman on the Lake of the Ozarks brought ashore a world-record paddlefish Sunday that weighed more than 164 pounds—the biggest paddlefish ever caught and the largest fish of any kind in Missouri's record books.
	Enhancing field phenotyping: A novel glare correction technique using polarized light Amidst challenges like a booming global population and diminishing arable land, plant phenotyping offers a way to automate agriculture and improve crop diagnostics. However, translating the precision of controlled-environment phenotyping to field conditions remains a hurdle, particularly in accurately measuring leaf color due to sunlight glare. Existing solutions, ranging from light scattering simulations to 3D sensor fusion, often require complex, time-consuming, or impractical methods.

Medicine and Health news

	Root cause of Alzheimer's may be fat buildup in brain cells, research suggests A team of neurologists, stem cell specialists and molecular biologists affiliated with several institutions in the U.S. and led by a group at Stanford University School of Medicine has found evidence that the root cause of Alzheimer's disease may be fat buildup in brain cells. The study is published in the journal Nature.
	Partner's disturbed sleep keeping you up at night? Letting go of unattainable dreams may keep you both happy in bed We all know that getting a good night's sleep is vital for physical and mental health. Yet many people share a bed with a partner who can't help disturbing their sleep, for example through their insomnia, frequently going to the bathroom, snoring, or a tendency to toss and turn in bed. Unsurprisingly, research has shown that poor sleep can lead to increased anger and decreased satisfaction with the relationship. But can we avoid falling in this trap, short of sleeping in separate bedrooms?
	Does AI help or hurt human radiologists' performance? It depends on the doctor One of the most touted promises of medical artificial intelligence tools is their ability to augment human clinicians' performance by helping them interpret images such as X-rays and CT scans with greater precision to make more accurate diagnoses.
	In nerve cells, insulin regulates whether mitochondria are shut down or kept running The hormone insulin controls many cellular processes and adapts them to the body's current energy supply. One of the insulin-regulated processes is the quality control of mitochondria in neurons, Angelika Harbauer and her team at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence have discovered.
	Scientists identify Achilles heel of lung cancer protein Researchers have shown for the first time that a crucial interface in a protein that drives cancer growth could act as a target for more effective treatments.
	Brain recordings in people before surgery reveal how minds plan what to say prior to speaking A new study in people undergoing surgery to treat seizures related to epilepsy shows that pauses in speech reveal information about how people's brains plan and produce speech.
	New spatial profiling approach maps out discoveries for future brain research An estimated one in six people suffer from a brain disorder worldwide, according to the American Brain Foundation. Current research has provided some insight into cell communication inside the brain, but there are still a lot of unknowns surrounding how this crucial organ functions. What if there was a comprehensive map that took into consideration not just the biology of the brain, but the specific location where the biology occurs?
	Drug candidate may 'unmask' latent HIV-infected cells, mark them for destruction University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine scientists have identified drug candidates that show promise to reverse the ability of HIV to escape detection by the immune system.
	Genetic study finds epidemic of kuru likely led to migration of women in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea In the most comprehensive genetic study of the people living in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea to date, researchers from Papua New Guinea and the U.K. reveal the complex population structure and migration patterns of the communities in the region.
	Social bonding gets people on the same wavelength, neural synchronization study suggests When small hierarchical groups bond, neural activity between leaders and followers aligns, promoting quicker and more frequent communication, according to a study published on March 19 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Jun Ni from Beijing Normal University, China, and colleagues.
	Researchers develop AI foundation models to advance pathology Foundation models, advanced artificial intelligence systems trained on large-scale datasets, hold the potential to provide unprecedented advancements for the medical field. In computational pathology (CPath), these models may excel in diagnostic accuracy, prognostic insights, and predicting therapeutic responses.
	Biomarkers of the middle-aged brain could predict cognitive health in old age, say researchers The middle-aged brain could provide a window into future cognitive health, researchers write in a review publishing March 19 in the journal Trends in Neurosciences. The team reviewed evidence from human and animal studies suggesting that middle age—commonly considered as the period between 40 and 60 or 65 years of age—marks a shift in brain aging. They argue that more research should be dedicated to middle age, a period of life that is historically understudied.
	Inflammasome study offers hope for autoinflammatory disease treatment University of Queensland researchers have discovered how the "on-switch" for the body's inflammation machinery can get stuck and cause rare genetic inflammatory diseases. Professor Kate Schroder and her team at UQ's Institute for Molecular Bioscience have been studying the NLRP3 inflammasome, a protein complex that drives inflammation.
	Biologists discover propionate supplementation as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease A research team led by Professor Chaogu Zheng from the School of Biological Sciences at The University of Hong Kong (HKU) recently discovered that propionate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), strongly suppressed neurodegeneration in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating interorgan signaling between the intestine and brain.
	Alzheimer's and Parkinson's biomarkers show promise for early diagnosis New research supported by the Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at Stanford's Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute highlights significant strides researchers have made in developing biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases—including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body disease (LBD).
	Functional MRI scans provide a novel view of the brain's language network during conversation Researchers have revealed new insights into how the brain processes speech and listening during conversations through advanced investigations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a study published in Cerebral Cortex, researchers compared brain activity in individuals while both speaking and listening during natural conversational situations.
	A protein found in human sweat may protect against Lyme disease Lyme disease, a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, affects nearly half a million people in the United States every year. In most cases, antibiotics effectively clear the infection, but for some patients, symptoms linger for months or years.
	Statistical model to predict likelihood of premature menopause in childhood cancer survivors Researchers have developed a statistical model that predicts the likelihood of female childhood cancer survivors developing premature menopause as they grow up, which could help doctors personalize treatment and counseling options for patients.
	Robotic surgeon precisely removes cancerous tumors Removal of cancerous tumors, or resection, in delicate areas like the head and neck is a challenge for even the most experienced surgeons. When removing cancerous tissue, the aim is to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible to prevent unnecessary losses to the patient; however, removing too little tissue risks leaving behind cancer cells that may return or even spread.
	A computational workflow that predicts metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with somatic mutations in cancers Cancer is characterized by abnormal metabolic processes different from those of normal cells. Therefore, cancer metabolism has been extensively studied to develop effective diagnosis and treatment strategies.
	Research team discovers role of key enzymes that drive cancer mutations A research team led by the University of California, Irvine has discovered the key role that the APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B enzymes play in driving cancer mutations by modifying the DNA in tumor genomes, offering potential new targets for intervention strategies.
	Cells harvested from urine may have diagnostic potential for kidney disease, find scientists Genes expressed in human cells harvested from urine are remarkably similar to those of the kidney itself, suggesting they could be an important non-invasive source of information on the kidney.
	Primary care telemedicine linked with fewer antibiotics for children than direct-to-consumer telemedicine New research from the University of Pittsburgh and UPMC shows that telemedicine visits conducted for children with primary care providers (PCPs) are associated with fewer antibiotic prescriptions than telemedicine visits with virtual-only direct-to-consumer (DTC) companies.
	Nanoparticles activated by ultra-low-energy X-rays halt aggregation, toxicity of amyloid beta in preclinical models A novel approach in the field of Alzheimer's research is emerging that could potentially transform how we tackle this debilitating disease. Recent studies have revealed a paradigm shift in understanding Alzheimer's pathology, emphasizing the importance of targeting the early-stage aggregation of the pathogenic amyloid beta (A-beta) protein, specifically focusing on its soluble oligomeric form.
	New analysis offers policy solutions for intensive care crisis in rural America A new policy analysis led by the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute describes the intensive care crisis in rural America and provides a comprehensive policy solution to bolster intensive care capacity.
	Circulating tumor DNA levels predict outcomes for gastroesophageal cancer treated with immunotherapy Monitoring levels of DNA shed by tumors and circulating in the bloodstream could help doctors accurately assess how gastroesophageal cancers are responding to treatment, and potentially predict future prognosis, suggests a new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and its Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.
	Assessing the impact of malaria interventions through routine sampling of pregnant women Genetic diversity of the malaria parasite in pregnant women and children declined in an area targeted for malaria elimination in Mozambique, according to a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). The findings, published in Nature Communications, highlight the added value of routine sampling of pregnant women as a cost-effective strategy to enhance genomic surveillance of the parasite and detect changes in transmission within the community.
	Empty 'backpacks' attached to neutrophils activate the immune system against cancer Most of the white blood cells in your body are a type of cell called neutrophils. Despite their high numbers, they are less well understood than other immune cells, in part because they have very short lifespans: an average neutrophil lives for only eight hours.
	Immunotherapy targeting cancer fusion protein may hold key to treating rare liver cancer Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer with a poor prognosis if not addressed early with surgery. The disease is caused by a single genetic mutation that creates a fusion protein. Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and The University of Tennessee Health Science Center discovered an immune cell protein that can target and spark the destruction of FLC.
	Understanding the wiring of the human genome Around 98.5% of human DNA is non-coding, meaning it doesn't get copied to make proteins. A new study has connected many of these non-coding regions to the genes they affect and laid out guidelines for how researchers can continue this work going forward.
	Keto diet found to slow early stages of Alzheimer's disease in mice A new study from researchers at the University of California, Davis, shows that a ketogenic diet significantly delays the early stages of Alzheimer's-related memory loss in mice. This early memory loss is comparable to mild cognitive impairment in humans that precedes full-blown Alzheimer's disease. The study was published in Communications Biology.
	In the fight against breast cancer, researchers identify malignancy hibernation as the next battleground There is a surprising dearth of research about how breast cancer cells can go dormant, spread and then resurface years or even decades later, according to a new review of in vitro breast cancer studies conducted by researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
	Craving snacks after a meal? It might be food-seeking neurons, not an overactive appetite People who find themselves rummaging around in the refrigerator for a snack not long after they've eaten a filling meal might have overactive food-seeking neurons, not an overactive appetite.
	Discovery hints at genetic basis for the most challenging symptoms of schizophrenia Our understanding of schizophrenia has increased greatly in recent years, as studies of large groups of people have identified a multitude of genetic variants that increase a person's risk of the disease. But each of those individual risk factors accounts for "only a very minor amount of the overall risk," said Alex Nord, a professor of neurobiology, physiology and behavior in the UC Davis College of Biological Sciences and the Center for Neuroscience.
	Inorganic nitrate can help protect patients against kidney damage caused during coronary angiographic procedures A five-day course of once-daily inorganic nitrate reduces the risk of a serious complication following a coronary angiogram, in which the dye used causes damage to the kidneys. The clinical trial, led by Queen Mary University of London, also showed that the five-day course improves renal outcomes at three months and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at one year compared to placebo.
	Active social lives can help dementia patients, caregivers thrive People with dementia and those who care for them should be screened for loneliness, so providers can find ways to keep them socially connected, according to experts at UC San Francisco and Harvard, who made the recommendations after finding that both groups experienced declines in social well-being as the disease progressed.
	Toxic metal particles can be present in cannabis vapes even before the first use Vapes have often been heralded as a "safer" way to consume either nicotine or cannabis, where legal to do so. But the devices present their own suite of risks that are slowly being revealed as they undergo increasing research and regulation. Now, researchers have discovered that nano-sized toxic metal particles may be present in cannabis vaping liquids even before the vaping device is heated, and the effect is worse in unregulated products.
	Researchers find new genetic cause of severe combined immune deficiency disease Researchers from Nijmegen and Newcastle have discovered a new genetic mutation leading to severe combined immune deficiency disorder (SCID). It's the first time a mutation in the proteasome, a molecular shredder, has been linked to this serious disease.
	New ultrasound technology may enable better respiratory disease diagnoses The thorax, the part of the body between the neck and abdomen, provides medical professionals with a valuable window into a patient's respiratory health. By evaluating sound vibrations produced by the airflow induced within the lungs and bronchial tree during normal breathing as well as those produced by the larynx during vocalizations, doctors can identify potential disease-related abnormalities within the respiratory system.
	Decision aid helps patients make informed decisions about sterilization Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a simple, web-based decision aid called My Decision/Mi Decisión that helps empower pregnant individuals who are considering tubal sterilization to make informed decisions about their reproductive health, according to a new study published in JAMA Network Open.
	Study finds low social status increases risk of health conditions from alcohol problems Men and women with lower income or education levels are more likely to develop medical conditions related to alcohol abuse compared to similar individuals with a higher socioeconomic status. Alexis Edwards of Virginia Commonwealth University, US, and colleagues report these findings in a new study published in the open access journal PLOS Medicine.
	Study finds MRI and lumbar puncture not necessarily required to manage CAR T-cell therapy complications Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture (LP) may not always be necessary for diagnosing and managing a serious neurological complication associated with CAR T-cell therapy, according to a new Blood Advances study. Findings further validated the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG)—a noninvasive test measuring electrical activity in the brain—in managing this neurotoxicity.
	Social activities can prevent cognitive decline in care facility residents, suggests research Social activities such as interactions with others and participation in organized events can prevent cognitive decline in long-term care facility. Research from Amsterdam UMC, carried out among 3,600 patients in 42 Dutch and Belgian care homes, shows that participation in social activities offers a protective effect for those with no, or little, cognitive impairment. These results are published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.
	Study finds coping is related to longevity in older men Coping is defined as cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage stressors that people believe exceed their ability and resources to respond to effectively. While previous research has linked stressor characteristics, such as the type of event and its duration, and how stressed people feel in response to them, to higher mortality risk, far fewer studies have considered the long-term health consequences of how we manage stressors (coping) in large-scale studies.
	Researchers develop deep learning model to predict breast cancer risk Researchers have developed a new, interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict five-year breast cancer risk from mammograms, according to a new study published in Radiology.
	New epidemiological surveillance indicators for more effective monitoring of suicide attempts Research teams, coordinated by Romain Bey and Prof. Richard Delorme, have developed novel digital tools to improve mental health monitoring for people living in the Greater Paris region.
	Free school meals for all may reduce childhood obesity, while easing financial and logistical burdens for families School meals are critical to child health. Research has shown that school meals can be more nutritious than meals from other sources, such as meals brought from home.
	Q&A: Children experience more injuries, stress and even burnout when they specialize in one sport From football to baseball, gymnastics to tennis, more young athletes are becoming sports specialists. They join expensive sports clubs or youth leagues and devote themselves to a single sport all year long. But Nirav Pandya, a professor of orthopedic surgery and sports medicine at the University of California San Francisco, says there are risks when kids specialize, including an increased possibility of injury and a high burnout rate.
	Cheers to health? Uncovering myths around the health benefits of moderate drinking The notion that enjoying a casual beer or sipping on your favorite wine could not only be harmless but actually beneficial to one's health is a tantalizing proposition for many. This belief, often backed by claims of research findings, has seeped into social conversations and media headlines, painting moderate alcohol consumption in a positive light.
	Mediterranean diet could help people with irritable bowel symptoms New research looking at the benefits of a Mediterranean diet for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has yielded surprising results.
	Q&A: Stem-immunity hubs associated with response to immunotherapy Jonathan Chen, MD, Ph.D., an investigator in the Department of Pathology at Massachusetts General Hospital, and Nir Hacohen, Ph.D., director of the Center of Cancer Immunology at Massachusetts General Hospital, are co-authors of a recently published study in Nature Immunology, Human Lung Cancer Harbors Spatially-organized Stem-immunity Hubs Associated with Response to Immunotherapy.
	Opinion: Why scrapping the term 'long COVID' would be harmful for people with the condition The assertion from Queensland's chief health officer John Gerrard that it's time to stop using the term "long COVID" has made waves in Australian and international media over recent days.
	Study details effects of heat-related emergencies: Vulnerable populations found to be most at risk In the first national estimate of county-level disparities in heat-related emergencies, a new study led by investigators from the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute found that vulnerable communities were at high risk.
	Four ways to eat less meat that are better for the planet, your health and your bank balance Do I choose the meat in my local store or drive out of town for tofu instead? Shall I add honey to my winter porridge or would strawberries or mango be better? Should I choose to drink oat milk or organic goat's milk?
	Oats and oatmeal have more health benefits than you probably realize Oats have long had a reputation for being one of the healthier foods you can choose for breakfast. But some people on social media have been calling this claim into question, suggesting that rather than being a healthy staple, oatmeal (and porridge, which is often made using oats) might in fact have no nutritional value whatsoever.
	What your hair can tell you about your health Hair speaks volumes. The way we cut, style and color often acts as a representation of who we are.
	Researchers call for makers of new anti-obesity drugs to study results of body composition in addition to weight loss Some health care professionals are growing concerned that amid the recent rush for the new highly effective, anti-obesity medications, patients are losing muscle as well as fat, which carries the risk that frailty will accompany leanness.
	Unlocking Alzheimer's mysteries: A comprehensive brain connectome-based survey In a study published in Psychoradiology researchers from the University of Texas at Arlington and the University of Georgia have systematically summarized studies on brain networks within the context of AD, critically analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of existing methodologies, and offered novel perspectives and insights, intending to serve as inspiration for future research.
	Social media can boost melanoma detection, research suggests Early detection is key to treating melanoma, and social media can improve people's ability to identify early warning signs of the deadly skin cancer, according to a new study by University of Oregon researchers and colleagues.
	Lebrikizumab shows efficacy in skin-of-color patients with atopic dermatitis Lebrikizumab demonstrates improvement in skin clearance and itch relief in patients with skin of color and moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, held from March 8 to 12 in San Diego.
	FDA approves first CAR T-cell therapy for adults with leukemia or lymphoma The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Bristol Myers Squibb's Breyanzi (lisocabtagene maraleucel [liso-cel]) as the first CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for adult patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).
	Study finds little or no difference in effectiveness of in-person versus remote cognitive behavioral therapy There is little to no difference in the effectiveness of in-person versus therapist-guided remote cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) across a range of mental health and somatic disorders, according to a review published in the March 18 issue of CMAJ, the journal of the Canadian Medical Association.
	CDC, AMA issue calls to get vaccinated against measles Two of America's leading health organizations are highlighting a global rise in measles cases as yet another reason for families to make sure they get the measles vaccine.
	Hair regrowth continues to improve at 76 weeks with baricitinib for severe alopecia Continuous treatment with Eli Lilly's baricitinib in patients with severe alopecia areata demonstrates improvement in hair regrowth outcomes through 76 weeks of follow-up, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, held from March 8 to 12 in San Diego.
	Evidence-based approach recommended for acute pancreatitis management In a clinical guideline issued by the American College of Gastroenterology and published online in the March issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology, evidence-based recommendations are presented for the management of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).
	West Virginia city once battered by opioid overdoses confronts 'fourth wave' From 2006 through 2014, more than 81 million painkiller pills were shipped to this city and surrounding rural Cabell County.
	Intermittent fasting linked to heart risks in research surprise The safety of intermittent fasting, a popular strategy to lose weight by limiting food intake to certain times, was called into question by a surprise finding from research presented at a medical meeting.
	How much stress is too much? Psychiatrist explains the links between toxic stress and poor health COVID-19 taught most people that the line between tolerable and toxic stress—defined as persistent demands that lead to disease—varies widely. But some people will age faster and die younger from toxic stressors than others.
	Burning mouth syndrome: Study suggests low level laser therapy can offer instant relief A study suggests that low-level laser therapy (PBM) offers immediate pain relief for Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) patients. Over 10 weeks, 30 participants experienced a significant drop in pain scores after each treatment. While efficacy decreased in the following week, a cumulative effect was observed, especially up to the third treatment. The findings highlight the potential of PBM as a promising treatment for BMS, despite some nuances in its effectiveness.
	What you need to know about new treatments for children with peanut allergies For many people peanuts are a healthy snacking option, but for those people with an allergy, peanuts can be a serious, or even deadly, health risk.
	Subtyping of breast cancer cell lines reveals insights into cancer-relevant genes Cell lines are an important in vitro model in breast cancer research. A team around biochemist Dr. Sonja Eberth and bioinformatician Dr. Claudia Pommerenke from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (Braunschweig, Germany) has extensively characterized the molecular properties of the breast cancer cell lines from the institute's collection.
	Heart aging under the microscope: Research identifies potential protein marker An international research team has identified the protein lactadherin as a marker for heart aging. Furthermore, it is now confirmed that lactadherin is also involved in crucial signaling pathways and inflammatory processes associated with aging, particularly cardiovascular diseases.
	Removal of incorrect penicillin allergy labels by non-specialist health care professionals feasible, study shows Patients who may have been mis-labeled as allergic to penicillin could be safely offered a dose of the oral antibiotic to demonstrate that they could take it without harm, following a new trial.
	US maternal death rate increasing at an alarming rate, study finds The U.S. maternal mortality rate is accelerating at an alarming rate, reports a new study from Northwestern Medicine. But it's not due to the widely believed hypothesis that maternal mortality in the U.S. has increased largely because people are getting pregnant at older ages.
	New imaging technology for diagnosing and treating bowel cancer patients Biopsies are currently used to diagnose bowel cancer but require an invasive procedure that offers risks, such as potential infection, and are unable to capture an entire picture of what is happening in a patient's bowel.
	Social and economic hardships in childhood may alter gut bacteria in Hispanic adults Experiencing financial hardship or other socioeconomic challenges growing up may change the bacteria that live in the gut, new research among Hispanic adults suggests. The findings could help researchers better understand how some social determinants of health are linked to disease later in life.
	Time-restricted eating may raise cardiovascular death risk in the long term A popular weight loss strategy that limits the hours during which calories can be consumed may nearly double a person's long-term risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, new research finds, especially among people with underlying cardiovascular disease or cancer.
	Anxiety in young women may arise from imbalance between two brain chemicals The development of anxiety in girls and young women may stem from an imbalance between two crucial brain chemicals, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, according to a new study from the University of Surrey. This discovery offers promising insights into potential treatment avenues for girls and women dealing with anxiety.
	Immune evasion tactics of liver cancer cells revealed A faulty cancer gene helps tumors evade immunity by stopping tumor cells releasing message-containing cargoes called exosomes. These findings, published in eLife, provide what the editors say is fundamental insight into the underlying biology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and compelling data supporting the role of beta-catenin in immune evasion.
	Cognitive dissonance research deepens our understanding of pescetarians New research has deepened our understanding of why pescetarians choose to eat fish but not the meat of land animals.
	Antibiotics use in relation to colorectal cancer risk, survival and postoperative complications The bacteria in our gut are believed to be involved in cancer of the large bowel. Exposure to antibiotics, which can affect gut bacteria, might do the same, according to a recent thesis from Umeå University.
	AI software yields six-fold increase in spine fracture identification, early findings show Early findings from the AI-enabled Detection of OsteoPorosis for Treatment (ADOPT) study, which uses a Nanox.AI artificial intelligence solution, HealthVCF, to review routine CT scans, have identified up to six times more patients with vertebral compression fracture than the national average at National Health Services (NHS) hospitals in the U.K.
	Study: PR55α-controlled PP2A inhibits p16 expression and blocks cellular senescence induction A new research paper was published in Aging titled, "PR55α-controlled protein phosphatase 2A inhibits p16 expression and blocks cellular senescence induction by γ-irradiation."
	Air pollution in Austin neighborhoods linked to asthma disparities, study finds Air pollution in Austin neighborhoods is linked to an increased rate of asthma-related trips to the emergency room (ER), especially in areas with a high proportion of Black and Latinx residents, according to a new study by researchers at Dell Medical School and the College of Natural Sciences at The University of Texas at Austin.
	Dehydration is rampant among Florida farm workers, new study shows Nearly all farm workers who participated in a recent study in Florida were dehydrated at the end of their shifts, and more than half were still dehydrated the following morning.
	PTSD in pregnant women may affect the risk of ADHD in the child A comprehensive registry study led by Anna-Clara Hollander, associate professor at the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, shows that children of women who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) right before or during pregnancy are almost twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD later in life.
	Cranberries provide runners with an all-natural boost, according to new research Competitive athletes are always looking for an extra edge that can help them improve their performance. According to a new study by Concordia researchers published in the journal Physical Activity and Nutrition, they can find one in the common cranberry.
	Choosing over the counter drugs for COVID 19? It's complicated COVID-19 illness may include symptoms such as a sore throat, fever, cough, and fatigue. In January, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued its most recent guidelines for the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for COVID-19. Specifically, its guidelines state that most people with COVID-19 have mild illness and can recover at home while treating symptoms with OTC medicines such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil).
	Disrupting Wnt signaling in the junctional epithelium stem cell niche causes periodontitis, research finds A study that evaluated how biochemical inhibition of endogenous Wnt signaling affects barrier functions of the junctional epithelium was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Iptacopan improves hematologic, clinical outcomes in persistent anemia The first-in-class oral factor B inhibitor iptacopan improves hematologic and clinical outcomes in anti-C5-treated patients with persistent anemia and in those who have not received complement inhibitors, according to a study published in the March 14 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Enhanced stability of tristetraprolin found to promote bone health and reduce frailty A study used a novel transgenic mouse model (TTP knock-in—TTPKI) that has a moderate elevation of TTP systemically to understand if there is a long-term benefit for bone health, thus contributing towards healthy aging. The research was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	FGF-2 found to promote periodontal healing in an osteoporosis model rat A study investigating the effects of local application of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) on periodontal healing in osteoporosis model rats was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Electronic nudge for flu vaccination does not improve clinical outcomes Electronic letters incorporating cardiovascular (CV) gain framing and repeated messaging, which increase influenza vaccination, do not translate into improvement in clinical outcomes, according to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Mental health conditions up for partners, children of stroke survivors The risks for mental health conditions are higher for partners and adult children of stroke survivors, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
	AANA issues considerations for GLP-1 receptor agonist use before surgery Considerations for anesthesia care in relation to use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists before surgery are addressed in a report published March 11 by the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology (AANA).
	USPSTF: Evidence lacking for interventions to prevent child maltreatment The current evidence is insufficient for assessing the balance of benefits and harms of interventions in primary care for preventing child maltreatment. These findings form the basis of a final recommendation statement published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
	Community health workers' dental intervention benefits underserved pregnant people, study shows A study aiming to assess an innovative "SMARTeeth" program that provides a digital tool-enabled oral health screening for underserved pregnant women at an obstetric office facilitated by community health workers (CHWs) was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Review of California's mental health crisis programs identified gaps and needs for consistent funding Mental illness is a major public health issue. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 20% of U.S. adults live with a mental illness, like depression and anxiety. For perspective, this is more than all adults with coronary heart disease (5%) and diabetes (14.7%) combined. Yet, understanding and addressing mental illness remains very challenging.
	New study finds significant differences in intimate partner violence injury patterns across age groups Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionately impacts women and younger populations, with incidences peaking between adolescence and young adulthood. Alarmingly, a strong correlation exists between IPV experienced in adolescence and its persistence into adulthood.
	Predicting immunotherapy response and guiding combination therapy with MOTIF Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is considered an important predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, in cancer types where TMB is not positively correlated with the abundance of CD8+ T cells, TMB cannot predict the efficacy of immunotherapy.
	Examining the mediation effect of oral health on inequalities in dementia A study that examined the mediation effect of the number of teeth on the association between income and dementia was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Rapid specific detection of oral pathogens using CRISPR-based diagnostics A study aiming to develop a low-cost, rapid detection technique for the widescale detection and screening of oral microorganisms suitable for point-of-care settings was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Polyphenol-mediated oxygenating hydrogel ameliorates periodontitis by targeting stem cell senescence A study seeking to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for periodontitis that targeted stem cell senescence by modulating the microenvironmental cues was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sensitizes nociceptors and evokes nociceptive behaviors A study that investigated whether the spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can sensitize nociceptors and promote pain-like behaviors in mice was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Indigeneity: A strength-based approach to oral health of Indigenous children A study aiming to determine whether a relationship exists between constructs of Indigeneity and untreated caries in First Nations children in Manitoba and Ontario, controlling for selected, was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeing of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Heat exposure may increase inflammation and impair the immune system Short-term exposure to higher heat may increase inflammation and interfere with normal immune system functions in the body, which may in turn increase susceptibility to infections and accelerate the progression of cardiovascular disease, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention│Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Scientific Sessions 2024, March 18- 21, in Chicago.
	Researchers support increased genomic sequencing of dengue for more effective prevention Dengue is a disease characterized by fever, rash, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia, with a risk for complications due to endothelial dysfunction and hemorrhage. Most common in countries in Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa, travel-related cases of dengue are frequently spread to the United States and occasionally spark local transmission.
	Study shows narrative conversion messages boost attitudes about COVID vaccinations among unvaccinated adults Public health communicators have tried numerous methods to encourage people to accept COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters. And while some messages were ineffective, new University of Kansas research discovered a specific type of narrative message—a conversion message—can directly improve attitudes and indirectly reduce resistance among people who have never been inoculated for COVID-19.
	Study finds rising rates of head and facial injuries from exercise and weightlifting Numbers of craniofacial injuries related to exercise and weightlifting have increased sharply over the past decade, reports a study in The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.
	New technique for Parkinson's stem cell brain repair brings promise for patients Neuroscientists at the University of Galway have made an exciting discovery that could revolutionize stem cell-based brain repair therapy for Parkinson's disease.
	Details in pregnancy history shed light on risk of dying of cardiovascular disease Pregnancy leads to a lot of radical changes within the body. The entire cardiovascular system reorganizes itself to sustain life for a second person inside the womb. The heart starts beating faster, and the total amount of blood in the body doubles. Mothers grow an entirely new organ, the placenta, to feed and protect the growing baby. All of this is normal, healthy, and safe.
	Researchers unveil the origin of second pediatric cancers and chemotherapy-induced mutations in healthy tissues Pediatric cancer, also known as developmental cancer, is rare. Around 400,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. The likelihood of a child developing two independent cancers during childhood is extremely low. However, such cases do occur, and studying the origin of these second neoplasms not only helps explain these specific cases but also contributes to a better understanding of the origin of pediatric cancer in general.
	How the design of hospitals impacts patient treatment and recovery If you're going into hospital for treatment, you want the best: the finest doctors, the latest medicines, the most-advanced surgical techniques. But the success of your care could also come down to something much more mundane than medical or technical wizardry: the location of your room. Land in an out-of-sight intensive care room and your chances of bouncing back tumble versus getting placed opposite the nursing station—you might even be more likely to die.
	Examining inflammatory bowel disease after a stem cell transplant A stem cell donation saves a leukemia sufferer's life. Five years later, the patient develops a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that occurs very rarely following a transplant. Researchers from the University of Basel and University Hospital Basel have studied the case and are calling for more extensive genetic analyses in bone marrow donors.
	HIV in cell culture can be completely eliminated using CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology, increasing hopes of cure New research presented early ahead of this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2024, Barcelona, 27-30 April) from a team of researchers in the Netherlands shows how the latest CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology can be used to eliminate all traces of the HIV virus from infected cells in the laboratory, raising hopes of a cure.
	Sugary drinks, fruit juices linked to higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes among boys A small, long-term study of almost 500 children in Massachusetts has found that regularly drinking sugary drinks and 100% fruit juices during childhood and adolescence may be linked to a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes among boys than girls, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention│Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Scientific Sessions 2024, March 18- 21, in Chicago.
	Use of abortion pill grows in US, despite threat of new restrictions The ratio of abortions carried out with medication rose to 63 percent between 2020 and 2023 in the United States, according to analysis published ahead of a Supreme Court hearing on restricting access to the pills.
	Research case series presents food as medicine as a potential treatment for lupus and other autoimmune diseases A new research case series published in Frontiers in Nutrition presents food as medicine as a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases, describing three patients with chronic autoimmune disease who showed remarkable improvement after following a predominantly raw dietary pattern high in cruciferous vegetables and omega 3 fatty acids.
	Loneliness worse than smoking, alcoholism, obesity: Study suggests primary care clinicians can offer solutions Loneliness is a significant biopsychosocial stressor with a mortality risk comparable to smoking more than 15 cigarettes a day and more harmful than alcoholism, obesity, and lack of physical activity.
	'3D mammography' almost halves the incidence of breast cancer between two screening tests in clinical trial Interval breast cancer is one that appears between two reviews of a screening program. That is, it is diagnosed after a test whose result was negative and before the next evaluation. For obvious reasons, it is a very reliable indicator of the effectiveness of early detection programs for this disease: if the number of cancers that appear after a screening is high, it is a sign that the program is not working.
	Knitting brings calmness and structure to the lives of people with mental illness, shows study A study from the University of Gothenburg shows that knitting is beneficial for people living with mental health issues. Knitting is described as a way of bringing a sense of calm and giving life structure.
	Biden signs order advancing women's health research President Joe Biden on Monday signed an order to bolster women's health research as he took aim at Republicans "bragging" about overturning the national right to abortion and vowed to make them pay at the ballot box this November.
	Unveiling mitochondrial mysteries to conquering cancer therapy resistance National University of Singapore (NUS) scientists have discovered that the evasion of apoptosis is a key driver of drug resistance in patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a type of aggressive blood cancer. The results are expected to contribute towards the identification of effective drugs for treating relapsed patients.
	Food companies' sponsorship of children's sports encourages children to buy their products, Canadian research suggests Research to be presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2024) held in Venice 12–15 May, has found that food companies' sponsorship of children's sports may encourage children to buy their products. The Canadian research also found that many children view food companies that sponsor or give money to children's sports as being "generous" or "cool." Many also believe these companies do so to help the teams out.
	Study summarizes physiological functions of pituitary hormones in non-classical organs The hypothalamus–pituitary–target gland axis has been recognized as a fundamental functional framework of the mammalian endocrine system. The anterior pituitary gland synthesizes and secretes multiple hormones, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH).
	Video: When surgery for endometriosis is the answer Endometriosis is a painful condition where cells similar to the lining of the uterus grow outside of the uterus. While it most commonly occurs in the pelvis, it can occur anywhere in the abdomen or pelvis.
	Examining family out-of-pocket expenditure on dental care A study aimed at determining if poorer families pay more for dental care as a proportion of their total income than richer families. was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S.
	Harnessing biomaterial-based FTY720 immunotherapy to accelerate oral wound healing A study aiming to deliver Fingolimod (FTY720) loaded polymer scaffolds to enhance oral wound healing by modulating pro-regenerative immune cell migration associated with improved vascularization and tissue remodeling was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S.
	What makes a country better prepared for a pandemic? A new study has found that countries that had national policies aimed at preventing disease fared better during the global pandemic than those that did not.
	Population-health prevention strategies to achieve equity in child oral health A study aiming to understand the impact of public health strategies on the oral health of children from historically marginalized groups was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Oral health behaviors associated with mental health disorders A study that examined oral hygiene self-care behavior among patients with self-reported mental health disorders was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	ChatGPT to help dental students retain knowledge and enhance performance A study that utilized current dental course materials, syllabi, and textbooks to investigate ChatGPT's potential benefits for dental students. was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Icariin-releasing 3D-printed scaffolds for in situ regeneration of cleft bone A study exploring the potential of 3D-printed scaffolds with controlled delivery of small molecule, icariin (ICA), to promote cleft bone regeneration through recruitment and activation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Synthesis of antibacterial 3D printing resin with long-term fluoride-releasing properties A study aiming to synthesize a three-dimensional (3D) printing resin with good mechanical properties, low cytotoxicity, antibacterial activities, and long-term fluoride-releasing properties was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Artificial intelligence algorithms for understanding the determinants of oral health A study that used AI and predictive models to forecast the likelihood of permanent tooth loss as an indicator of overall oral health based on various behavioral and lifestyle factors was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Predicting oral cancer-related mortality among adults using machine learning approach A study aiming to predict oral cancer-related mortality among adults in the United States and identify the predictors of oral cancer-related mortality using the Machine Learning Approach. was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S.
	Minor dental restorations found to decrease after implementation of sugar-sweetened beverage tax A study aiming to examine rates of minor restorations before and after the implementation of a Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) tax in the city of Boulder, Colorado, on July 1, 2017 was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Associations of remnant cholesterol with cardiovascular and cancer mortality in the ChinaHEART cohort The health significance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, also known as remnant cholesterol, has been increasingly recognized. However, evidence of their associations with cause-specific mortality in the general population was previously insufficient.
	Neuroanatomic and connectomic profiles of early-onset schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two mental disorders with abnormal neurodevelopment that carry a high burden for families and society. The two disorders exhibit similar clinical symptoms in social interaction, emotional reciprocity, and cognitive deficits.
	Evaluating homelessness empathy through virtual reality among dental students A study aiming to determine experiential impact on student-empathy in relation to timing of when they experienced a VR-simulation of homelessness was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S.
	Proposing an oral health benefit package under the national health insurance program of the Philippines A study aiming to determine a set of oral health care services to be delivered within the comprehensive outpatient benefit package of the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) of the Philippines was presented at the 102nd General Session of the IADR, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New Orleans, LA, U.S..
	Review summarizes the latest knowledge on type 2 diabetes Diabetes is a widespread metabolic disorder affecting over 500 million adults worldwide. The most common form is type-2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by peripheral insulin resistance.

Other Sciences news

	New evidence suggests Ötzi the Iceman's tattoos were made using a single-pointed tool An international team of archaeologists, historians and tattoo artists has found evidence that suggests Ötzi the Iceman's tattoos were made via hand-poking with a single-pointed tool. In their study, published in the European Journal of Archaeology, the group compared ancient tattooing techniques on modern skin with tattoos on Ötzi's skin.
	The hidden racist history of hair loss Hair loss is common in men and women, particularly with age—for example, androgenetic alopecia (or pattern baldness) affects 80% of men and 40% of women. For the most part, it can be physically inconsequential.
	Do you have 7,513 unread emails in your inbox? Research suggests that's unwise How do you manage your emails? Are you an "inbox zero" kind of person, or do you just leave thousands of them unread?
	Researchers: Mentorship is key to improving social and economic outcomes for Black youth Black youth in Canada experience poorer educational achievement than other children and youth, which leads to subsequent poor economic outcomes.
	Donor-advised funds: US regulators scrambling to catch up with boom in charitable giving accounts A revolution in charitable giving is underway due to the growth of donor-advised funds in the United States.
	Olfactory marketing: How strategic use of scents influences customers' shopping experiences In retail, fragrance cues are nothing to be sniffed at. Indeed, the scent of vanilla, baking bread, even fresh linen, can affect customer behavior, according to a study published in the International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management (IJICBM).
	Study reveals how China's local bureaucrats struggle for power through negative media coverage Recent research on China's factional competition uncovers how local bureaucrats, who are connected to influential national leaders, strategically use the media to criticize members of rival factions, thus harming their promotion prospects and weakening their factions.
	The secret to building a large follower base on social media: Harness the power of nearby influencers Researchers from Reichman University and Columbia University, University of Basel, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and University of Mannheim have published a new article that examines why individuals and firms aiming to build a large follower base might be better off focusing on their own follower base rather than cherry-picking remote influencers.
	Greenhouse gas emissions in Global South countries are linked with International Monetary Fund lending policies Greenhouse gas emissions significantly increase in countries in the Global South within a few years after initially borrowing from the International Monetary Fund using structural loans, but not when more flexible lending conditions are involved.
	Happiness poll: Democrats and Biden voters report more happiness than GOP and Trump supporters Voters of the Democratic party and U.S. President Joe Biden are happier than voters for the Republican party and former U.S. President Donald Trump, while older and wealthier adult voters are happier than younger and less-wealthy ones, according to a new Florida Atlantic University PolCom and Mainstreet Research happiness poll released today in advance of the United Nation's International Day of Happiness on March 20.
	Study suggests major chemical corporations hide most polluting activities in subsidiaries According to the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), chemical manufacturing is one of the U.S.'s three largest polluters, along with metal mining and electric utilities, which together account for two-thirds of the country's toxic releases.
	Research contextualizes ownership competence in private firms Researchers can now point to two competencies that owner-managers must possess for their firms to experience growth: matching competence and governance competence. In a recent study published in the Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, the team also found owner–managers from family firms often find it challenging to leverage their governance competence to achieve growth, but the researchers identified ways to overcome this challenge.
	Information resilience can help people cope with the uncertainty created by crises Successive and overlapping crises can lead to a lack of information, a flood of information that overwhelms essential information, or even distorted information. Society needs to be information-resilient and resistant to crises, including disruptions related to information. According to a new study from the University of Vaasa, Finland, we need a culture that accepts uncertainty and imperfection of knowledge.
	Filling out an NCAA Tournament bracket? Research points to how and why we make our picks Jackie Silverman, assistant professor of marketing at the University of Delaware, has co-authored a study published in Management Science that could offer potential insights into how and when we fill out NCAA Tournament brackets.
	Sexual harassment goes unchecked in many sub-Saharan African newsrooms, finds study Sexual harassment often goes unchecked in sub-Saharan African newsrooms despite many employers having policies in place, according to a study conducted by City, University of London and the University of Maryland's Philip Merrill College of Journalism.
	New baseline food and agricultural outlook report Farm commodity prices have tumbled from the peak levels they rose to during spring 2022—and new projections suggest that downward pressure on prices could continue throughout 2024 and beyond.
	High pornography exposure among young Australians helps fuel violence against women, say researchers Public health strategies among young people must address violence against women and risky sexual practices associated with pornography exposure, Queensland University of Technology researchers say in new research.

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