Science X Newsletter Tue, Jan 23

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for January 23, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Astronomers inspect evolution of a nearby Type Ia supernova
Ants help reveal why sourcing different plants for eco fuels is crucial for biodiversity
When conditions cool down, a bacterial prey species becomes the predator
The physics behind 300-year-old firefighting methods could inform knowledge of how our hearts work
Long-term follow up pinpoints side effects of treatments for prostate cancer patients
Study finds global carbon markets overcredit cookstove greenhouse gas reductions by a factor of 10
As easy as counting to ten: A new rule for catalysts' design
Researchers argue that fostering global cooperation is critical to safeguard critical Earth system functions
Genetic discovery reveals who can benefit from preterm birth therapy
Researchers uncover news clues about the cause of craniofacial birth defects
Chemists tie a knot using only 54 atoms
Few patients successfully treat their type 2 diabetes through weight loss, study suggests
New technology allows researchers to track brain cells' 'off switches'
Open-source camera and software system captures animal-view videos with more than 90% accuracy
Team discovers evidence of cometary dust hitting the asteroid Ryugu

Nanotechnology news

Cells' electric fields keep nanoparticles at bay, scientists confirm

The humble membranes that enclose our cells have a surprising superpower: They can push away nano-sized molecules that happen to approach them. A team including scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has figured out why, by using artificial membranes that mimic the behavior of natural ones. Their discovery could make a difference in how we design the many drug treatments that target our cells.

Bioengineers on the brink of breaching blood-brain barrier

Imagine the brain as an air traffic control tower, overseeing the crucial and complex operations of the body's "airport." This tower, essential for coordinating the ceaseless flow of neurological signals, is guarded by a formidable layer that functions like the airport's security team, diligently screening everything and everyone, ensuring no unwanted intruders disrupt the vital workings inside.

Physics news

	The physics behind 300-year-old firefighting methods could inform knowledge of how our hearts work Today, water pressure technology is ubiquitous, and any person who showers, waters a garden, or fights fires is benefiting from the technology devised to harness it. In the 17th and 18th centuries, though, a steady stream of water not punctuated by pressure drops was a major breakthrough.
	Potential use of topological magnets for magneto-thermoelectric energy conversion In the pursuit of efficient energy utilization, scientists are looking into thermoelectric materials that can efficiently turn heat into electricity. One specific type, called topological magnets, is getting a lot of attention because they exhibit the anomalous Nernst effect. In the anomalous Nernst effect, a voltage is generated perpendicular to both the temperature gradient and an applied magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material.
	Researchers find new multiphoton effect within quantum interference of light An international team of researchers from Leibniz University Hannover (Germany) and the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow (United Kingdom) has disproved a previously held assumption about the impact of multiphoton components in interference effects of thermal fields (e.g., sunlight) and parametric single photons (generated in non-linear crystals). The journal Physical Review Letters has published the team's research.
	Tiny water-walking bugs provide scientists with insights on how microplastics are pushed underwater Microplastics are tiny plastic particles that can cause big problems when they enter the water supply. One way my fluid dynamics lab explores microplastic movement is by studying how tiny water-walking insects are pushed underwater by raindrops.
	Liquid lithium on the walls of a fusion device helps the plasma within maintain a hot edge Emerging research suggests it may be easier to use fusion as a power source if liquid lithium is applied to the internal walls of the device housing the fusion plasma.
	Closing the green gap: A cubic III-nitride active layer with 32% internal quantum efficiency Color mixing is the process of combining two or more colors: red and green make yellow, blue and red make purple, red and green and blue make white. This process of mixing colors is the basis for the future of solid-state lighting. While currently white light is achieved by phosphor down-conversion, LED color mixing actually has a higher theoretical maximum efficiency, which is needed in order to achieve the 2035 DOE energy efficiency goals.
	Gravity helps show strong force strength in the proton The power of gravity is writ large across our visible universe. It can be seen in the lock step of moons as they circle planets; in wandering comets pulled off-course by massive stars; and in the swirl of gigantic galaxies. These awesome displays showcase gravity's influence at the largest scales of matter. Now, nuclear physicists are discovering that gravity also has much to offer at matter's smallest scales.
	Rolling Fourier ring correlation method maps local quality at super-resolution scale Super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy, through the use of fluorescent probes and specific excitation and emission procedures, surpasses the diffraction limit of resolution (200~300 nm) that was once a barrier.
	Breaking through the limits of a single fiber laser amplifier: Coherent beam combination High-power, high-energy ultrafast fiber lasers are indispensable tools in various fields, from basic and applied science research to industrial processing. However, due to thermal effects, nonlinear effects, there is always a limit to the power/energy expansion of a single fiber laser amplifier.
	Metalens array to enable next-generation true-3D near-eye displays Integral imaging (II) display is one of the most promising near-eye displays (NEDs) due to its compact volume, full parallax, convenient full-color display, and, more importantly, true-3D and more realistic depth perception from eliminating the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). However, II displays based on the conventional optical architecture, such as microlens arrays, are limited in resolution, field of view, depth of field, etc.
	Quantum magnetometers detect smallest material defects at an early stage Quantum magnetometers are able to detect and visualize the tiniest damage in ferromagnetic materials. In aerospace technology or the automotive industry, they can help to significantly increase the resilience and safety of systems and materials.

Earth news

	Study finds global carbon markets overcredit cookstove greenhouse gas reductions by a factor of 10 The fastest growing type of offset on the global carbon market subsidizes the distribution of efficient cookstoves in developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but a new study finds that the credits overestimate the stoves' carbon savings by a factor of 10.
	Researchers argue that fostering global cooperation is critical to safeguard critical Earth system functions Tipping elements of the Earth system should be considered global commons, researchers argue in a new paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
	Research traces cause of recent cold waves over East Asia and North America to mid-latitude ocean fronts If the world is warming, why are our winters getting colder? Indeed, East Asia and North America have experienced frequent extreme weather events since the 2000s that defy average climate change projections. Many experts have blamed Arctic warming and a weakening jet stream due to declining Arctic sea ice, but climate model experiments have not adequately demonstrated their validity.
	When floodwater reaches the sea, it can leave a 50-meter-thick layer of brown water, and cause real problems Over this wet summer, Melburnians and Sydneysiders have had to think twice about cooling off at their local beach. Heavy rainfall has swollen rivers and pumped pollutants, nutrients and murky fresh water far out to sea. Swimmers at Port Phillip Bay beaches are emerging coated in brown goo, while Sydney's seas were contaminated last week.
	Researchers quickly and easily predict emerging contaminant concentrations in wastewater with AI The global consumption of pharmaceuticals is growing rapidly every year, reaching 4 billion doses in 2020. As more and more pharmaceuticals are metabolized by the human body and enter sewage and wastewater treatment plants, the amount and types of trace substances found in them are also increasing.
	New research analyzes state violence in India's coal war Police, who were deployed to block villagers from protesting a power plant on coastal wetlands in India 14 years ago, shot at protesters, killing three and injuring hundreds. Two years later on the other side of the country, a Buddhist monk was killed in resistance to construction of a hydroelectric dam project.
	Despite the climate crisis, Scotland is burning as much carbon-rich peatland as it did in the 1980s Hillsides splashed with purple heather are a symbol of Scotland and its natural beauty. But these picturesque moorlands are actually maintained by people—a practice that is coming under intense scrutiny as the climate crisis escalates.
	Mode-S aircraft observations being used again to improve forecasts The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has started to use Mode-S aircraft observations again to improve the quality of forecasts after this type of data was found to be used in too large numbers during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
	Delhi smog: India's cities must look beyond their limits to clean up air pollution Delhi needs the help of its rural neighbors to finally beat its killer smog problem, concludes a review carried out by the University of Surrey and regional government officials in Delhi, India. The work is published in the journal Sustainable Horizons.
	'Forever chemicals' in German drinking water: A hidden threat unveiled In a study published in Eco-Environment & Health, researchers screened German drinking water for 26 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This effort, notably supported by residents, marks a significant step in understanding the presence of PFAS in drinking water.
	Scientists chart the growing weather extremes on maritime Antarctic islands Scientists at British Antarctic Survey have found that the number of warm weather events in the South Orkney Islands has significantly increased in frequency over the last 75 years. Using newly available historical data, scientists have identified the atmospheric factors behind the warm events in the region, shedding new light on the climate change trends that are affecting sub-Antarctic islands.
	7.1 magnitude quake rattles western China, killing at least 3 people and collapsing 47 homes A magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck a sparsely populated part of China's western Xinjiang region early Tuesday, killing three people and causing extensive damage in freezing cold weather, officials said. It was the latest in a series of temblors and natural disasters to hit the country's west.
	'It's not game over—it's game on': Why 2024 is an inflection point for the climate crisis In 2024, global climate trends are cause for both deep alarm and cautious optimism. Last year was the hottest on record by a huge margin and this year will likely be hotter still. The annual global average temperature may, for the first time, exceed 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels—a threshold crucial for stabilizing the Earth's climate.

Astronomy and Space news

	Astronomers inspect evolution of a nearby Type Ia supernova Using various ground-based telescopes, astronomers have performed photometric and spectroscopic observations of a nearby Type Ia supernova known as SN 2020nlb. Results of the observations campaign, presented January 16 on the pre-print server arXiv, deliver important insights regarding the evolution of this stellar explosion.
	Team discovers evidence of cometary dust hitting the asteroid Ryugu Ryugu is a near-Earth asteroid that gained significant attention when the Japanese Hayabusa2 mission collected samples and returned them to Earth. These samples have proven to offer a treasure trove of insights into the solar system, including the possible role of asteroids in delivering organic molecules to Earth.
	Motion of satellite galaxies suggests younger universe In standard cosmological models, the formation of cosmological structures begins with the emergence of small structures, which subsequently undergo hierarchical merging, leading to the formation of larger systems. As the universe ages, massive galaxy groups and clusters, being the largest systems, tend to increase in mass and reach a more dynamically relaxed state.
	Webb Telescope captures massive star-forming complex This image from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope features an H II region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. This nebula, known as N79, is a region of interstellar atomic hydrogen that is ionized, captured here by Webb's Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI).
	Life on Earth uses water as a solvent. What are some other options for life as we don't know it? There is a vast menagerie of potentially habitable worlds in the cosmos, which means the universe could be home to a diversity of life beyond what we can imagine. Creatures built on silicon rather than carbon, or organisms that breathe hydrogen instead of oxygen. But regardless of how strange and wondrous alien life may be, it is still governed by the same chemistry as life on Earth, and that means it needs a chemical solvent.
	The next generation LIFE telescope could detect some intriguing biosignatures The Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE) project is an ambitious plan to build a space telescope with four independent mirrors. The array would allow the individual mirrors to move closer or farther apart, similar to the way the Very Large Array (VLA) does with radio antennas.
	Vera Rubin will help us find the weird and wonderful things happening in the solar system The Vera Rubin Observatory (VRO) is something special among telescopes. It's not built for better angular resolution and increased resolving power like the European Extremely Large Telescope or the Giant Magellan Telescope. It's built around a massive digital camera and will repeatedly capture broad, deep views of the entire sky rather than focus on any individual objects.
	Hubble observes an askew galaxy coaxing star formation from its partner Arp 300 consists of two interacting galaxies, UGC 05028 (the smaller face-on spiral galaxy) and UGC 05029 (the larger face-on spiral). Likely due to its gravitational dance with its larger partner, UGC 05028 has an asymmetric, irregular structure, which is not as visible from ground-based telescopes but is quite distinct in this new image from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.
	This is the oldest black hole ever seen There's an incredibly ancient black hole out there that's challenging astronomers to explain how it could exist only 400 million years after the Big Bang. It's at the heart of a galaxy called GN-z11. Astronomers using JWST saw evidence of it gobbling up that galaxy, which is one way a black hole can grow.
	Now we know why Starship's second flight test failed SpaceX is often in the headlines; unfortunately, it is not always good news. On 18 November we saw the second of the Starship and SuperHeavy booster get off the launchpad successfully; it failed before reaching orbit. In a recent event, Elon Musk explained how a fuel venting near the end of the burn was responsible but entirely avoidable next time.

Technology news

	Rethinking AI's impact: Study reveals economic limits to job automation Like many of us, you might find yourself nodding to a familiar digital doomsday chorus that vibrates through offices and coffee shops alike: AI will take my job!
	Most clean power purchasing strategies do little to cut emissions, study finds In the quest to achieve a net-neutral climate impact, many companies seek to buy additional power from clean energy sources in an attempt to eliminate the emissions otherwise generated by operating on today's fossil fuel-heavy grid.
	What today's architects can learn from a lost ventilation system used in 19th century building design By revamping a forgotten heat recovery technique used in the design of Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University researchers say modern temperature control and ventilation design could be transformed.
	X-rays light the way to more stable solar cell materials Using the bright X-rays of the Advanced Photon Source and a custom-built characterization platform, scientists have traced the ion movements inside perovskites, a potential material for new solar energy harvesting devices.
	Novel material facilitates measurement of concrete deterioration in buildings and other structures Concrete is an essential material in the construction industry, where it is fundamental to the foundations and structures of dwellings and office buildings, as well as roads, dams and bridges, among many other infrastructure projects. However, the service life of concrete is limited, and it must be monitored in order to guarantee the safety of these structures.
	'Pokemon with Guns' proves a blast The makers of a video game dismissed as "Pokemon with Guns" when it was announced said Monday the game has proved a hit, with "Palworld" selling more than five million copies in just three days.
	Navigating algorithmic bias amid rapid AI development in Southeast Asia Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer an emerging technology in Southeast Asia. Countries across the region are aggressively adopting AI systems for everything from smart city surveillance to credit scoring apps, promising more financial inclusion.
	United Airlines CEO says the airline will consider alternatives to Boeing's next airplane The United Airlines CEO says he is "disappointed" in ongoing manufacturing problems at Boeing that have led to the grounding of dozens of United jetliners, and the airline will consider alternatives to buying a future, larger version of the Boeing 737 Max.
	Microsoft and others are making new tools to help small businesses capitalize on AI The influx of generative artificial intelligence software is transforming small businesses.
	Digital inspection portal uses AI and machine vision to examine moving trains Collaboration between Norfolk Southern Corporation and the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has led to the development of digital train inspection portals that use advanced machine vision and artificial intelligence to examine trains moving at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour to identify mechanical defects that may exist.
	Drone-zapping laser weapons now effective (and cheap) reality A single burst of light is precisely aimed at a tiny drone flying at breakneck speed far in the distance. Instants later, the deactivated drone crashes into the sea. Not a sound made, no human casualties, no messy explosions. A lethal, multimillion-dollar drone cleanly taken out by a shot that cost less than a good bottle of wine.
	Researchers propose a Web 3.0 streaming architecture and marketplace Web 3.0 is an internet paradigm that is based around blockchain technology, an advanced database mechanism. Compared to Web 2.0, the current internet paradigm, Web 3.0 provides some added advantages, such as transparency and decentralized control structures. This is because Web 3.0 is designed to work over trustless and permissionless networks.
	Links discovered between weather patterns and power outages could help UK protect itself from disruptive weather The behavior of specific weather patterns and their impact on power faults could be used to develop a weather pattern-conditioned fault forecasting system for power system operators.
	Electric aircraft could lead to major climate benefits, says study Aviation has grown considerably in recent decades and accounts for approximately 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions and some 4% of all climate change impacts annually. While aviation is an important contributor to climate change and other environmental problems, electrification is one option for reducing these environmental impacts.
	Uncovering the secrets behind the silent flight of owls: Trailing-edge fringes could lead to low-noise fluid machinery Owls are fascinating creatures that can fly silently through some of the quietest places. Their wings make no noise while flying, enabling them to accurately locate their prey using their exceptional hearing ability while remaining undetected. This unique ability depends on many factors and has long been a hot research subject.
	Developing algorithms for self-healing microgrids of the future Self-healing electrical grids: It may sound like a concept from science fiction, with tiny robots or some sentient tech crawling around fixing power lines, but in a reality not far from fiction a team of researchers is bringing this idea to life.
	New research addresses predicting and controlling bad actor AI activity in a year of global elections More than 50 countries are set to hold national elections this year and analysts have long sounded the alarm on the threat of bad actors using artificial intelligence (AI) to disseminate and amplify disinformation during the election season across the globe.
	LA Times slashes a fifth of its newsroom jobs The Los Angeles Times announced Tuesday it is laying off more than a fifth of its journalists, as yet another once-storied US paper fell victim to the disruptions of the internet age.
	Popping a champagne cork reveals propulsive dynamics Researchers have resolved the complex gas dynamics that occur upon opening a champagne bottle (or, more generally, a bottle containing a pressurized liquid and gas) and these dynamics' interaction with the bottle's cork stopper. The researchers' findings have been published in the journal Flow.
	Tencent's 'League of Legends' developer Riot Games announces layoffs of 530 staff Riot Games, the developer of the popular "League of Legends" multiplayer battle game, is joining other tech companies that have been trimming their payrolls with a layoff of 11% of its staff.
	A sanction has been imposed on a hacker who released Australian health insurer client data A Russian national has been sanctioned by the Australian government for his role in a cyber attack that compromised the personal information of more than 10 million Australians.
	Ericsson sees 'further' market decline after 2023 loss Swedish telecoms equipment giant Ericsson warned Tuesday that it expected further market decline outside China this year after booking a sizeable loss in 2023 due to a write-down and restructuring costs.
	Russian hackers suspected of Sweden cyber attack Online services at some Swedish government agencies and shops have been disrupted in a ransomware attack believed to have been carried out by a Russian hacker group, IT consultancy Tietoevry said.
	Airbnb donates $10 million to 120 nonprofits on 6 continents through its unusual community fund Airbnb on Tuesday donated a total of $10 million to more than 120 nonprofits in 44 countries on six continents, the short-term rental giant's latest outlays in its unusual distribution of $100 million through its Airbnb Community Fund.
	Amazon's French warehouses fined over employee surveillance France's data protection agency said Tuesday that it had fined Amazon's French warehouses unit 32 million euros ($34.9 million) for an "excessively intrusive" surveillance system to keep track of staff performance.
	EU probes Lufthansa's proposed buy of ITA stake The EU's powerful antitrust authority opened an in-depth investigation on Tuesday into German airline Lufthansa's proposed stake in Italy's ITA Airways, over fears it could hurt competition.
	TikTok is laying off dozens of workers as the tech industry continues to shed jobs in the new year TikTok is laying off dozens of workers in its advertising and sales unit, becoming the latest tech company to trim jobs in the new year.
	Prime real estate: Original Amazon House up for sale The house where Jeff Bezos founded online shopping mammoth Amazon is up for sale, offering one lucky buyer the chance to own a piece of internet history.
	Report reveals UK automotive industry vulnerability Experts from Aston University's Centre for Business Prosperity say the UK faces being left behind in the electric vehicle (EV) revolution.

Chemistry news

	As easy as counting to ten: A new rule for catalysts' design The "ten electron rule" provides guidance for the design of single-atom alloy catalysts for targeted chemical reactions.
	Chemists tie a knot using only 54 atoms A trio of chemists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, working with a colleague from the University of Western Ontario, has tied the smallest knot ever, using just 54 atoms. In their study, published in the journal Nature Communications, Zhiwen Li, Jingjing Zhang, Gao Li and Richard Puddephatt accidentally tied the knot while trying to create metal acetylides in their lab.
	LipidOz: New software enables identification of lipid double bond locations Lipids are a class of biomolecules that play an important role in many cellular processes. Analyses that seek to characterize all lipids in a sample—called lipidomics—are crucial to studying complex biological systems.
	New sensor detects chemicals that impair thyroid gland In a study conducted at the University of Twente, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and the Open University of Israel, researchers have developed a novel approach to address the environmental challenges posed by perchlorate salts, which have been identified as persistent pollutants with potential impacts on human health.
	Researchers develop hybrid superamphiphobic anti-corrosion and anti-icing coating Corrosion and failure of metal materials has been a problem that researchers and engineers are eager to solve. Inspired by the lotus effect, biomimetic superhydrophobic materials with typical non-wetting properties at the interface have shown great potential in the field of corrosion protection.
	A synchronous defluorination-oxidation process for degradation of fluoroarenes with PEC Fluoroarene (FA) derivatives are receiving more and more attention due to their widespread applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic compounds with special functions. However, as a consequence of their wide applications, the discharged FAs in industrial wastewater cause serious environmental pollution.

Biology news

	Ants help reveal why sourcing different plants for eco fuels is crucial for biodiversity Despite being a renewable energy source, the use of biofuel is controversial, as growing few, highly productive crops for fuel can lead to biodiversity loss in the cropping systems where biomass is produced. A cropping system refers to the crops, their sequence, and the management practices on a given field.
	When conditions cool down, a bacterial prey species becomes the predator In a new study, two species of bacteria grown in a lab reversed their predator-prey relationship after one species was grown at a lower temperature. Marie Vasse of MIVEGEC, France, and colleagues have published these findings in PLOS Biology.
	Open-source camera and software system captures animal-view videos with more than 90% accuracy A new camera system allows ecologists and filmmakers to produce videos that accurately replicate the colors that different animals see in natural settings, Vera Vasas at the University of Sussex, UK, and colleagues from the Hanley Color Lab at George Mason University, US, report in the open access journal PLOS Biology.
	Bottlenose dolphins observed attacking manatee calves An international team of marine scientists has observed multiple instances of bottlenose dolphins attacking manatee calves over many years. In their paper published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, the group describes the behavior they observed and suggest possible explanations for what they describe as antagonistic interactions between dolphins and young manatee.
	Experiment shows how predator mass mortality events affect food webs Over the last century, die-offs of animal populations, known as mass mortality events (MMEs), have increased in frequency and magnitude. The scale of these events can be staggering: billions of dead fish, hundreds of thousands of dead mammals and birds and millions of tons of dead biomass.
	Ecosystem from 3.4 billion years ago: New pieces discovered in the cradle of life puzzle A new study has unraveled key findings about the earliest life forms on Earth. In rock samples from Barberton, Republic of South Africa, researchers were able to find evidence of an unprecedented diverse biological carbon cycle established at 3.42 billion years ago. This proves that already at these ancient times, ecosystems hosted complex microbial communities.
	New research guides mathematical model-building for gene regulatory networks Over the last 20 years, researchers in biology and medicine have created Boolean network models to simulate complex systems and find solutions, including new treatments for colorectal cancer.
	A new perspective on the temperature inside tropical forests Tropical forests host up to half of the planet's biodiversity but up to now, ecological studies over tropical forests often relied on large scale datasets depicting open-air temperatures—that is, the temperature outside the forests, which can be several degrees different from the temperatures inside the forest. This limitation imposed a large barrier in our understanding on how species will respond to climate change.
	Complex green organisms emerged a billion years ago, says new research Of all the organisms that photosynthesize, land plants have the most complex bodies. How did this morphology emerge? A team of scientists led by the University of Göttingen has taken a deep dive into the evolutionary history of morphological complexity in streptophytes, which include land plants and many green algae.
	New methods show promise for boosting rubber production in US With disease and high demand posing threats to the world's primary natural rubber supply in Southeast Asia, scientists are working to ramp up the U.S. rubber market by advancing methods to extract latex from two sustainable North American plant sources: a dandelion species and a desert shrub.
	New coffee snake species discovered in Ecuador's cloud forests Researchers of Khamai Foundation and Liberty University have discovered a new species of coffee snake endemic to the cloud forests of northwestern Ecuador.
	In the Galapagos, urban finches fare better against vampire fly Scientists are working hard to thwart a blood-sucking fly that is decimating populations of the charismatic finches that helped Charles Darwin formulate the theory of evolution.
	Gulls swap natural for urban habitats, machine-learning study finds A recent study published in Ecological Informatics by a team of University of Alaska Fairbanks researchers has used artificial intelligence to further illuminate a habitat swap among short-billed gulls.
	Marine heat waves found to trigger shift in hatch dates and early growth of Pacific cod Marine heat waves appear to trigger earlier reproduction, high mortality in early life stages and fewer surviving juvenile Pacific cod in the Gulf of Alaska, a new study from Oregon State University shows.
	Blue tit population booms with moths on the menu: Study The importance of moth caterpillars for common garden birds has been revealed in a new study. Researchers have found that years when moth numbers were up resulted in increased population growth for the blue tit.
	South Africa's Agulhas long-billed lark: Adapting, surviving despite farming taking over their nesting grounds The Agulhas long-billed lark (Certhilauda brevirostris) is only found in South Africa. It builds nests on the ground mainly in Renosterveld fynbos, a type of vegetation filled with grasses and wild spring flowers that is critically endangered by agricultural expansion. The University of Cape Town's FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology recently published the first study into the nesting practices of the lark. We talk to one of the researchers, Robert Thomson, about the future of this bird.
	Albatrosses are threatened with extinction, and climate change could put nesting sites at risk The wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) is the world's largest flying bird, with a wingspan reaching an incredible 3.5 meters. These birds are oceanic nomads: they spend most of their 60 years of life at sea and only come to land to breed approximately every two years once they have reached sexual maturity.
	Protein from mosquitoes could help control dengue virus infection NUS scientists have revealed the structure and function of a pupal cuticle protein found in the exoskeleton—a hard covering that supports and protects the bodies of some types of invertebrate animals, especially arthropods—of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and scientific advancement could one day help prevent dengue virus infection.
	Researchers find traces of disease in dolphin poop: A potential tool for live health monitoring Scientists have found a new non-invasive way to identify a deadly virus in dolphins that could be a testing breakthrough. For the first time, researchers at the University of Hawai'i Health and Stranding Lab have successfully detected Fraser's morbillivirus, which can cause respiratory and neurological disease, in the feces of a dolphin.
	Trophy fishing, what's the catch? Research finds declines in threatened fish and shark species New research mapping long-term international trends in trophy fishing has found declines in records for threatened species, adding to a growing body of evidence that these types of fish and sharks are becoming increasingly scarce.
	Bloom-forming cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates in five Argentinian reservoirs: A multi-year sampling Harmful algal blooms (HABs), characterized by the proliferation of detrimental algae and cyanobacteria, occur worldwide. HABs include any event causing adverse effects on human health, socioeconomic interests, or aquatic systems. The consequences of HABs are far-reaching, ranging from the production of potentially harmful or lethal toxins to the creation of hypoxic or anoxic zones, elevated water treatment costs, and a decline in water body quality and usability.
	Three-year population study supports fight to save Cameroon's Kordofan giraffe Crucial new data about the numbers of Critically Endangered Kordofan giraffe living within Cameroon's Bénoué National Park has been released, supporting conservation efforts to save the subspecies from extinction.
	Study offers rare long-term analysis of techniques for creating standing dead trees for wildlife habitat Ecologists have long known that standing dead trees, commonly referred to as snags, are an important habitat element for forest dwellers and act as a driver of biodiversity.

Medicine and Health news

	Long-term follow up pinpoints side effects of treatments for prostate cancer patients A 10-year follow-up study of nearly 2,500 U.S. men who received prostate cancer treatment will help inform decision-making in terms of treatments and side effects for a diverse population.
	Genetic discovery reveals who can benefit from preterm birth therapy A UC San Francisco-led study has for the first time identified genetic variants that predict whether patients will respond to treatment for preterm birth, a condition that affects one in 10 infants born in the United States.
	Researchers uncover news clues about the cause of craniofacial birth defects Cleft lip and palate are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans, affecting more than 175,000 newborns around the world each year. Yet despite decades of research, it's still not known what causes most cases or what can be done to prevent them.
	Few patients successfully treat their type 2 diabetes through weight loss, study suggests A new study finds that very few patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are able to achieve normal blood glucose levels through weight loss alone. A team led by Andrea Luk of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, report these findings in the open access journal PLOS Medicine.
	New technology allows researchers to track brain cells' 'off switches' For decades, scientists have studied the intricate activity patterns in human and animal brains by observing when different groups of brain cells turn on. Equally important to understanding the brain and related diseases, however, is knowing how long those neurons stay active and when they turn off again.
	For people with certain gene variant, drinking milk may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes A large team of medical researchers affiliated with multiple entities in the U.S. and China has found that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is reduced for people with a certain gene variant.
	Study suggests that unintentional weight loss is a signal to see a doctor Unintentional weight loss is associated with an increase in the risk of a cancer diagnosis within the coming year, according to a study from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
	Strong links found between long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome People suffering from long COVID or myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could benefit from a coordinated treatment strategy, a new University of Otago study has found.
	Experimental drug may slow childhood brain tumors The drug tovorafenib may halt the growth of or shrink some childhood brain tumors, according to a clinical trial published in Nature Medicine.
	Kirigami electrodes unfold new horizons for brain organoid research It all started at Peet's. Ten years ago, neuroscientist Sergiu Pasca was just getting his lab up and running. He had not yet published the research for which he would become renowned: a novel technique for growing 3D clusters of human brain cells, often called brain organoids, in Petri dishes.
	Detecting Alzheimer's disease using a blood test could be just as accurate as standard lumbar punctures Findings from a study led by researchers in Sweden have suggested that a commercial blood test could detect Alzheimer's disease as accurately as standard lumbar punctures. The blood test detects "p-tau217," a form of the protein tau, which is a hallmark protein of Alzheimer's disease.
	HIV: Early treatment is one key to remission People living with HIV need to take antiretroviral treatment for life to prevent the virus from multiplying in their body. But some people, known as "post-treatment controllers," have been able to discontinue their treatment while maintaining an undetectable viral load for several years. Starting treatment early could promote long-term control of the virus if treatment is discontinued.
	Research team breaks down musical instincts with AI Music, often referred to as the universal language, is known to be a common component in all cultures. Could "musical instinct" be something that is shared to some degree, despite the extensive environmental differences among cultures?
	Learning for life: The higher the level of education, the lower the risk of dying Education saves lives regardless of age, sex, location, and social and demographic backgrounds. That's according to the latest and largest study of its kind published in The Lancet Public Health
	Study: AI surveillance tool successfully helps to predict sepsis, saves lives Each year, at least 1.7 million adults in the United States develop sepsis, and approximately 350,000 will die from the serious blood infection that can trigger a life-threatening chain reaction throughout the entire body.
	Researchers develop software to predict diseases IntelliGenes, a first-of-its-kind software created at Rutgers Health, combines artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning approaches to measure the significance of specific genomic biomarkers to help predict diseases in individuals, according to its developers.
	Popular diabetes drug may also reduce the risk of severe liver disease Ozempic and other GLP1 agonists are associated with a reduced risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease, according to a nationwide study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published in the journal Gut.
	Survey data reveal uptick in anxiety, depression among women in states with trigger laws post-Dobbs abortion decision An analysis of national survey data conducted by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health has found a small but statistically significant increase in self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms among respondents in states that banned abortion after the U.S. Supreme Court's reversal of Roe v. Wade in June 2022 compared to respondents in states that did not enact bans.
	Gene expression atlas captures where ovulation can go awry An interdisciplinary collaboration has used a cutting-edge form of RNA tagging to map the gene expression that occurs during follicle maturation and ovulation in mice.
	New therapeutic approach for the treatment of sarcoidosis A research team led by Georg Stary (Medical University of Vienna and CeMM) has identified a new approach to treating the inflammatory disease sarcoidosis. In a clinical study, the inhibition of a specific signaling pathway showed clear success in the treatment of granulomas in the skin. This opens up new therapeutic paths for sarcoidosis and similar inflammatory diseases.
	Community perinatal mental health teams reduce risk of mental health relapse after childbirth: Study New research has found that women with a history of severe mental illness face a lower risk of relapse after giving birth in regions where they have access to a community perinatal mental health team (CPMHT).
	Urban heat islands have a health cost, reveals study A new study led by EPFL has produced the first cost estimate of the impact that urban heat islands have on human health. The study looked at 85 European cities over the course of three full years, meaning it also took into account the protection that heat islands offer in winter—an aspect that has been little studied until now.
	When some adolescent girls internalize rejection, it really is in their head Everyone ruminates about the bad things that happen to them. Whether it's a nasty breakup, an embarrassing failure or simply when someone is mean, it can be hard to stop thinking about what happened and why. For people who ruminate too much, this negative thought pattern can cause lasting problems with mental health.
	Researchers design new open-source technology for interfacing with living neurons Neurons intricately communicate and respond to stimuli within a vast network, orchestrating essential functions from basic bodily processes to complex thoughts. Traditional neuroscience methods, relying on in vivo electrophysiology (within a living organism), often have difficulty addressing the complexity of the brain as a whole.
	Routine health checks associated with decreased risk of death Attending an NHS Health Check appointment—a preventative screening program offered for free in the UK—is associated with both a decreased risk of dying and a decreased risk of several diseases, including dementia and liver cirrhosis. The results, published in BMC Medicine, suggest that the NHS Health Check and other similar preventative programs can be effective at reducing a population's overall risk of long-term disease.
	APOE genetic variants linked to Alzheimer's disease also associated with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis Scientists at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) in Madrid have found that one of the most potent genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), is also associated with an increased risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age. The study also demonstrates protection against subclinical atherosclerosis in people carrying the variant APOE2, which protects against Alzheimer's disease.
	Brazil to launch vaccination campaign as dengue surges Brazil will start a vaccination campaign against dengue fever in February, authorities said, as a sharp rise in cases of the potentially deadly disease raised fears of a runaway outbreak.
	How long can menopause be delayed? Model developed by mathematician points to answers At birth, ovaries in girls can contain about a million tiny structures called primordial follicles, each of which contains an egg cell. As girls grow and experience adulthood, most of these follicles will die while only one follicle will survive each month to ovulate a mature egg. When the loss of primordial follicles is nearly complete, and only hundreds remain, women experience menopause, a time when menstrual cycles have ceased for 12 months.
	Significantly restricting movement is most effective in stopping disease spread, SARS-CoV-2 data show Researchers from La Trobe University in Melbourne, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa Massey University and Waipapa Taumata Rau, University of Auckland in New Zealand, studied the dynamics of infectious disease transmission in an interconnected world for their paper, "High connectivity and human movement limits the impact of travel time on infectious disease transmission."
	What to know when ordering medications online from Canada, Mexico, other countries Finding a good deal on medication can be difficult. Even with insurance, prescription medicines can be pricey. Bargain hunters might search for cheaper prices online, but not every Internet pharmacy is legitimate.
	Why young women with multiple sclerosis face health disparities While recent therapies have the potential to stall or delay the progression of multiple sclerosis, a new study shows that young Black and Hispanic women fare worse than young white women.
	Allergy alert: What new guidelines on anaphylaxis could mean for you If you or someone close to you suffers from severe allergic reactions, you have probably heard there are new recommendations out that offer guidance on the diagnosis, management and treatment of anaphylaxis.
	Good lunchboxes are based on four things: How parents can prepare healthy food and keep costs down Heading back to school is a time of great anticipation for many families, but it is not without challenges. One of the big challenges is preparing healthy, easy, affordable and appealing lunchboxes.
	Untrained bystanders can administer drone-delivered naloxone, potentially saving lives of opioid overdose victims An onlooker—even one without prior training—can successfully administer naloxone to an overdose victim within about a minute of a drone delivering the lifesaving opioid reversal agent. That's the key finding of my team's newly published study.
	Think wine is a virtue, not a vice? Nutrition label information surprised many US consumers When you reach for that bottle of wine this Valentine's Day, do you know how healthy it is? Many people have a too-rosy view of the beverage and are surprised when confronted with the facts about it on a nutrition label, according to a study my co-author Natalia Velikova and I recently published in the Journal of Consumer Marketing.
	Breaking down fat byproducts could lead to healthier aging: Researchers identify key enzyme that does just that The journey of aging brings with it an unavoidable reality for many: an increased accumulation of body fat. Though much of society seems mostly focused on the aesthetics of being overweight, doctors look past any cosmetic concerns to focus on the health implications of fat byproducts in the body.
	Research into counteracting addiction's effects on the brain Many people are wired to seek and respond to rewards. Your brain interprets food as rewarding when you are hungry and water as rewarding when you are thirsty. But addictive substances like alcohol and drugs of abuse can overwhelm the natural reward pathways in your brain, resulting in intolerable cravings and reduced impulse control.
	How long does immunity last after a COVID infection? Nearly four years into the pandemic, Australia, like many other countries, is still seeing large numbers of COVID cases. Some 860,221 infections were recorded around the country in 2023, while 30,283 cases have already been reported in 2024.
	Beware teeth-fixing products touted by influencers, dentists warn By flashing a perfect smile, online beauty influencers have proven adept at convincing their young followers that they too can have blindingly white, perfectly aligned teeth for very little money, time or effort.
	It's okay to run slowly—in fact it has plenty of benefits, claims research Runners are obsessed with time. Amateur or professional, for most avid runners the aim is to get faster—constantly training in order to shave even just a couple of seconds off their marathon time or 5K pace.
	A TikTok 'expert' says you have post-traumatic stress disorder, but do you? A trauma psychiatrist explains PTSD Among the many emerging trends on social media, one recent concerning fad is a casual and often inaccurate portrayal of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD—along with an array of questionable interventions suggested for its cure.
	Symptoms of menopause can make it harder to work: Here's what employers could be doing to help How menopause affects women's working lives has been shrouded by stigma for decades.
	Should a health professional be disciplined for reporting an illegal abortion? There have been several high-profile cases in the last year of women in the UK being prosecuted for allegedly obtaining abortions illegally. In 2022, there were 29 cases of suspected unlawful abortions that were reported to police—almost a two-fold rise on the number reported four years earlier.
	Dana Farber Cancer Center to retract or fix dozens of studies The Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston will retract six studies and correct 31 more as part of an ongoing investigation into claims of data manipulation.
	Flu, COVID are spreading: Protect your heart say doctors Flu and COVID are sweeping across the country, posing a particular hazard to people at risk for heart disease. These respiratory infections can trigger heart complications from fever, dehydration and inflammation, experts from Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital say.
	New approaches needed to find better cancer drug targets, says cancer specialist Tumors depend heavily on certain genetic changes to thrive, and researchers have discovered many such "genetic dependencies" as targets for potential new cancer drugs. At the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and elsewhere, researchers are also learning how dependencies affect cancer cells and how they influence each other and contribute to drug resistance.
	Invasive fungal infections: A growing risk to human health worldwide Thinking of fungi probably conjures up an image of some wild mushrooms or a sourdough starter in your mind. That, or maybe a time where you had an unfortunate itchy skin rash that went away with a bit of topical medication.
	Childhood relationships, experiences may have good and bad effects on adult heart health Throughout adulthood, adverse family experiences in childhood including abuse may increase the odds of poor cardiovascular health, while stable, nurturing caregiver relationships during childhood may increase the chances of optimal heart health throughout adulthood, according to new research published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.
	With COVID crisis ebbing, how can we prevent future pandemics? Aggressive measures are needed in the world's tropical regions to prevent the inevitable next global pandemic, an international coalition of researchers has concluded.
	Where your bed is in a hospital ward can determine how well you sleep, says study Hospital patients sleeping near windows sleep better than those in other parts of a ward, according to a new study from the University of Surrey and the University of Padova. Fluctuating noise levels also negatively impact the quality of sleep of patients receiving inpatient hospital treatment.
	Mutating hepatitis viruses make drug treatment difficult: Study highlights importance of variant profiling Hepatitis E affects over 20 million people worldwide. It clears up without any consequences in most cases, but it can pose a risk to pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. There are no specific active substances against the virus.
	No cervical cancer cases detected in vaccinated women in Scotland following HPV immunization No cervical cancer cases have been detected in fully vaccinated women following the human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization at age 12 to 13, in the 16 years since the program started in Scotland, research has found.
	Video: Advances in knee replacement surgery An aging population drives the global demand for knee replacement surgery, exceeding 1 million procedures annually. In the U.S. alone, the need for knee replacements is projected to grow by 673%, reaching approximately 3.48 million procedures by 2030, according to a 2007 study.
	Investigating gender differences in reducing alcohol consumption through alcohol-free beers or mocktails Researchers from University of Tsukuba have investigated gender differences in reducing alcohol consumption by offering alcohol-free beers or mocktails. The study revealed a substantial reduction in overall alcohol consumption among men and women. Notably, it uncovered gender-specific patterns: men reduced the quantity of alcohol consumed on drinking days, whereas women decreased the frequency of their drinking sessions.
	Hypoxia visualized by endoscopy as an indicator for assessing bowel urgency and ulcerative colitis disease activity Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colitis of indeterminate origin, characterized by continuous inflammation spreading from the rectum. Common symptoms include diarrhea, bloody stool, and bowel urgency.
	Two cases show COVID virus mutating around standard treatment remdesivir Patients with weakened immune systems could be inadvertently helping COVID-19 develop resistance to the antiviral drug remdesivir, a new study reports.
	COVID vaccine inhaled through the mouth launched in China China announced Wednesday that it has started giving its citizens a COVID booster that can be inhaled through the mouth.
	USPSTF: Evidence lacking for screening for speech and language delays The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the evidence is currently inadequate for recommending primary care screening for speech and language delay and disorders among asymptomatic children aged 5 years and younger. These findings form the basis of a final recommendation statement published in the Jan. 23/30 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
	2009 update to WIC cost-effective for reducing childhood obesity The 2009 update to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) was estimated to be cost-effective for preventing childhood obesity, according to a study published online Jan. 23 in Pediatrics.
	A type of dementia that hits the brains of men and women differently Dementia is a brain disease that affects mental capacities such as the individual's memory, language, or capacity to understand and deal with emotions. Among the different types of dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a relatively frequent dementia.
	Multi-generational toxicant exposures show cumulative, inherited health effects While exposure to a single substance like DDT has been shown to create inherited disease susceptibility, a recent study in animals found exposure to multiple different toxicants across generations can amplify those health problems.
	Detention fails to help young lawbreakers avoid further offenses, report shows Youth who are caught stealing, using illegal drugs, or committing other moderate crimes are far less likely to reoffend when they receive therapy, life-skills training, and other rehabilitative help rather than legal punishment, a growing body of research shows.
	Why wellness is connected to the body's underappreciated connective tissue If you're in pain or experiencing pain or limited mobility, you may suspect a problem with your muscles or joints.
	Q&A: Drug overdose deaths remain high—fentanyl test strips may help The Massachusetts state Senate voted unanimously to legalize fentanyl test strips across the commonwealth earlier this month. The paper indicators had been considered illegal drug paraphernalia as they could be used to test whether the highly powerful, dangerous synthetic opioid was present in a sample.
	Study finds no sex difference in concussion recovery among college athletes A new large, national study of collegiate student-athletes in the United States dispels a long-held belief about concussions, finding that women and men recover from sport-related head injuries within the same time frame.
	Study: Bariatric surgery triggers 'substantial' weight loss, improves lung function, possible treatment for obese asthma Bariatric surgery, a surgical procedure to alter the digestive system or reduce stomach size, triggers "substantial weight loss and improves lung function," according to researchers from the University of Vermont. Researchers also found post-surgery plasma collected from volunteers showed a reduced inflammatory response from cells that line the airways compared to pre-surgery plasma. The findings are published in the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology.
	Virtual game helps people with acquired brain injury relearn how to navigate When trying to find their way, some people pay attention to their surroundings while others remember where they need to turn left or right. People with acquired brain injury (ABI) report having problems with navigation.
	Deaf boy can now hear after breakthrough gene treatment His father's voice, the sounds of passing cars and scissors clipping his hair: An 11-year-old boy is hearing for the first time in his life after receiving a breakthrough gene therapy.
	Study questions benefit of new Alzheimer's drug Last summer, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration fully approved the first drug shown to slow the progress of Alzheimer's. But new research from the University of Georgia suggests that patients and caregivers may not experience any benefit from the drug in their daily lives.
	Study explores harmful communication in oncology Ph.D. student Janine Westendorp and her colleagues conducted literature research on what patients with cancer and their loved ones perceive as harmful communication from health care providers. The results were published in the journal Psycho-Oncology and are released as a poster to distribute to health care providers.
	New 3D bioprinted model to study common liver disease, find effective treatment Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, or MASH, is an inflammatory, liver-scarring disease that has reached epidemic proportions, with an estimated 1.5% to 6.5% of U.S. adults afflicted by the condition, and roughly 24% of adults having nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
	Study shows blood pressure drug can reduce anxiety for people with autism A new study at the University of Missouri's Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment has found that propranolol, a medication that treats high blood pressure, can also help lower anxiety for kids and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
	When lab-trained AI meets the real world, 'mistakes can happen' Human pathologists are extensively trained to detect when tissue samples from one patient mistakenly end up on another patient's microscope slides (a problem known as tissue contamination). But such contamination can easily confuse artificial intelligence (AI) models, which are often trained in pristine, simulated environments, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study.
	Clinical trial finds combination hormone therapy delivers superior prostate cancer treatment Combining testosterone-blocking drugs in patients with prostate cancer relapse prevents the spread of cancer better than treatment with a single drug, a multi-institution, Phase 3 clinical trial led by UC San Francisco researchers has found.
	Treating loneliness in the obese may lower risk of early death Loneliness can be a killer, but it can be particularly deadly for obese people, who are markedly more likely to experience social isolation. Fortunately, a new study shows that addressing it may lower the risk of health complications and early death for these folks.
	Researchers explore combined health impact of diabetes and sarcopenia in the elderly Diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia pose a substantial challenge to public health, especially among the elderly. These conditions share common pathophysiological mechanism and are linked bidirectionally, with each contributing to an increased risk of the other.
	What women want to see in pregnancy health apps Digital health interventions, such as mobile applications, are increasingly being viewed as potential ways to encourage behavior change to improve health outcomes in areas including diet, exercise and sleep. Among women in the pregnancy, pre-pregnancy, or post-pregnancy stages, healthy lifestyles and behaviors are of key importance to the mother and child.
	Study finds 79% of Canadians support the therapeutic use of psilocybin for people at the end of life Nearly 4 out of 5 Canadians believe that the use of psilocybin, the active ingredient in hallucinogenic mushrooms, is an acceptable medical approach to treat existential distress in patients suffering from a serious and incurable disease. This is the main conclusion of an online survey of 2,800 people conducted by a research team led by Michel Dorval, professor at Université Laval's Faculty of Pharmacy and researcher at the CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center. The results have been published in the journal Palliative Medicine.
	Beyond BMI, researcher says complete approach to measuring health is better For decades, the number on a scale has been a key factor in deciding whether a person is healthy or not. But weight alone doesn't paint a complete picture of one's health.
	Ageism and mistaken beliefs complicate acceptance of older adults' sexuality, finds study More than 25% of the young adults surveyed in a recent study mistakenly believed that sexual activity increases older adults' risk of heart attack and that disinterest in sex is a normal and inevitable part of aging. While most of those in the study had permissive views about sexual activity in later life, the findings also shed light on the misconceptions and ageist views that can infringe on older adults' rights to sexual expression.
	Q&A: Researcher discusses the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis in young adults As director of the Program for Early Assessment, Care, and Study (PEACS), a University of Colorado Department of Psychiatry clinic that focuses on young people at risk of psychotic disorders, Michelle West, Ph.D., has seen the effects—good and bad—that cannabis can have on teens and adolescents who are showing signs of psychosis, a condition defined as "a cluster of symptoms that involve difficulties knowing what is real and what is not real."
	Study reveals disparities in use of evidence-based integrative pain management modalities among adults with chronic pain A recent study from researchers at University Hospitals (UH) Connor Whole Health has examined variables associated with engagement in integrative health and medicine (IHM) and nonpharmacologic modalities rather than opioids among United States adults with chronic pain.
	Systematic analysis of the prognostic value and immunological function of LTBR in cancer A new research paper titled "Systematic analysis of the prognostic value and immunological function of LTBR in human cancer" has been published in Aging.
	An AI strategy for identifying new immunotherapy targets Researchers from Cleveland Clinic and IBM have published a strategy for identifying new targets for immunotherapy through artificial intelligence (AI). This is the first peer-reviewed publication from the two organizations' Discovery Accelerator partnership, designed to advance research in health care and life sciences.
	What the health care sector was selling at the J.P. Morgan confab Every year, thousands of bankers, venture capitalists, private equity investors, and other moneybags flock to San Francisco's Union Square to pursue deals. Scores of security guards keep the homeless, the snoops, and the patent-stealers at bay, while the dealmakers pack into the cramped Westin St. Francis hotel and its surrounds to meet with cash-hungry executives from biotech and other health care companies.
	Measles cases soar in Europe: WHO Measles cases soared in Europe in 2023 to 42,200, a nearly 45-fold increase over the previous year, the UN health agency said on Tuesday, calling for urgent vaccination efforts to halt the spread.
	Sarah Ferguson diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Here are the latest treatments News that Sarah Ferguson, the Duchess of York, has recently been diagnosed with malignant melanoma highlights the dangers of this increasingly common skin cancer.
	NY bill would force insurers to cover copays for Paxlovid With the life-saving, COVID-fighting drug Paxlovid no longer covered by the federal government, a push is underway in Albany to ensure New Yorkers seeking the medication do not get gouged by pricey co-payments.
	What Hispanic people—and everyone—should know about clinical trials Despite its rapid growth, the Hispanic and Latino population in the United States continues to be underrepresented in clinical trials designed to help prevent and treat diseases.
	New year, new start: Identifying the right therapist Considering therapy is a big step, and finding the best therapist for your needs is important to form a connection. A Baylor College of Medicine psychologist provides a path for finding a therapist.
	Assessment suggests Austrian patient registries require further development The Austrian Institute for Health Technology Assessment (AIHTA) has analyzed the Austrian registry landscape to provide a first overview of in the existing Austrian registries and the health data collected in each case. Based on the results, the researchers developed a guideline with important aspects for planning and operating medical registries to utilize the collected data's potential to improve the health care system.
	Tobacco experts praise Australian vaping law loophole closure Leading Australian tobacco control experts have praised the Federal Government's plans to close vaping law loopholes, calling for the proposed reforms to be introduced urgently to grasp the opportunity to end the youth vaping epidemic.
	Researchers develop new technology for monitoring atrial fibrillation Researchers from two Lithuanian universities have developed a patient-safe monitoring technology to identify and manage individual factors provoking atrial fibrillation. The technology is a result of a collaboration between Kaunas University of Technology Biomedical Engineering Institute (KTU BMEI) and Vilnius University (VU) Santaros Clinics.

Other Sciences news

	Using virtual reality to get inside the criminal mind Psychologists from Edith Cowan University (ECU) have used virtual reality (VR) technology in a new study that aims to better understand criminals and how they respond when questioned. The results are published in the journal Scientific Reports.
	Ancestral ties to the Kabayan 'fire' mummies is driving research to save them Tucked away in rock shelters in the secluded northern mountains of Luzon in the Philippines, the Kabayan "fire" mummies lie at rest.
	What does the 'common good' actually mean? Research finds common ground across the political divide Some topics are hard to define. They are nebulous; their meanings are elusive. Topics relating to morality fit this description. So do those that are subjective, meaning different things to different people in different contexts.
	'Collective mind' bridges societal divides: Research explores how watching the same thing can bring people together Only about 1 in 4 Americans said that they had trust in the nation's institutions in 2023—with big business (1 in 7), television news (1 in 7) and Congress (1 in 12) scraping the very bottom.
	Despite legislative progress, accessible cities remain elusive Amid a complex web of disability civil rights legislation in Canada and the United States, one could easily be lulled into thinking that the work is done. Some of this legislation is now several decades old; more recent additions include accessible design standards and guidelines and barrier-free elements of building codes.
	Reflecting on your legacy could make you more philanthropic, new research finds People have a tendency to leave their wealth to family members and other loved ones. However, Andrew Carnegie, a famously wealthy industrialist, once said "I would as soon leave to my son a curse as the almighty dollar." Indeed, Carnegie donated over 90% of his fortune to charity.
	Q&A: Experts discuss how best to educate people about climate change "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world," said South African leader Nelson Mandela. That was in 1990, before climate change came onto most people's radar. Can we apply Mandela's prescription to climate, and if so, what are the best ways?
	'Doomsday Clock' remains at 90 seconds to midnight The symbolic "Doomsday Clock" was held at 90 seconds to midnight Tuesday, reflecting existential threats to humanity posed by potential nuclear escalation from the war in Ukraine and the multiplying impacts of the climate crisis following Earth's hottest recorded year.
	The growing influence of Gen Z in the workforce Dr. David Drewery is the associate director of the Work-Learn Institute—a research, education and consulting unit at the University of Waterloo that advances work-integrated learning programs for employers and higher education institutions.
	For outsiders, stereotypes about Southern speech outweigh experience The phenomenon of behavioral mimicry is well known among social scientists. We mirror the posture, movements and speech of our interlocutors at some unconscious level, but also as a means of trying to identify or communicate more clearly with them.
	Couples: Caring for oneself can lead to happier relationships—on both sides Being more forgiving of your own shortcomings in a romantic relationship can lead to happier couples. This is the result of a new study by the Otto Friedrich University Bamberg and the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), and published in the journal Personal Relationships.
	Should animals have voting rights? A new paper in Analysis argues that it may be time to extend voting rights to animals.
	Young Black men in Canada face racism, ageism and classism when looking for work Youth employment in Canada continues to be a concern. Young people between the ages of 15 and 30 are less likely to find and sustain employment compared to an older population of Canadians.
	A net-zero world will be more peaceful, it's assumed—but first we have to get there The final text of the latest UN climate summit COP28, now called the UAE consensus, called for countries to "transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, so as to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science."
	Why do so many people choose not to report rape? Why do so many people choose not to report rape? Research shows that the trauma of talking about the abuse as well as owning one's own narrative of what happened can be crucial.
	Q&A: Even among immigrants, English is the preferred language in Miami Spanish is often framed as both essential and deeply rooted in Miami, a necessity to "get by" living in the 305.

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