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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for January 12, 2024:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Nanotechnology news
 | Study discovers non-reciprocal antisymmetric transport behavior in natural van der Waals ferromagnetic materialAccording to a study published in ACS Nano, a research team has revealed a novel non-reciprocal antisymmetric magnetoresistance and unconventional Hall effect in a two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic Fe5-xGeTe2, which may originate from the asynchronous magnetization switching of the magnetic domains. |
 | Researchers develop technique to synthesize water-soluble alloy nanoclustersIn recent years, ultrasmall metal nanoclusters have unlocked advances in fields ranging from bioimaging and biosensing to biotherapy, thanks to their unique molecular-like properties. |
Physics news
 | 'Sudden death' of quantum fluctuations defies current theories of superconductivityPrinceton physicists have discovered an abrupt change in quantum behavior while experimenting with a three-atom-thin insulator that can be easily switched into a superconductor. |
 | Scientists use heat to create transformations between skyrmions and antiskyrmionsIn an experiment that could help the development of new spintronics devices with low energy consumption, researchers from RIKEN and collaborators have used heat and magnetic fields to create transformations between spin textures—magnetic vortices and antivortices known as skyrmions and antiskyrmions—in a single crystal thin plate device. Importantly, they achieved this at room temperature. |
 | Light-matter interaction: Broken symmetry drives polaritonsAn international team of scientists provide an overview of the latest research on light-matter interactions. A team of scientists from the Fritz Haber Institute, the City University of New York, and the Universidad de Oviedo has published a comprehensive review article in Nature Reviews Materials. This article provides an overview of the latest research on polaritons, tiny particles that arise when light and material interact in a unique way. |
Earth news
 | Predicting which US city populations will grow and which will fall by 2100A trio of environmental engineers at the University of Illinois Chicago, has used census data and an annual demographics survey to make predictions about U.S. city population growth or decline in the years leading up to 2100. |
 | 2023's record heat partly driven by 'mystery' process: NASA scientistIt's no secret human activity is warming the planet, driving more frequent and intense extreme weather events and transforming ecosystems at an extraordinary rate. |
 | A global analysis of how human infrastructure squeezes beaches and dunesBeaches and dunes are becoming increasingly trapped between rising sea levels and infrastructure. Dutch researchers have found that nowadays, when dropped on a random beach around the world, you only need to walk 390 meters on average to find the nearest road or building. While that short walking distance may seem convenient if you want a day at the beach, it's bad news for our protection against rising sea levels, drinking water supplies and biodiversity. |
 | 'Very dangerous' avalanche warnings issued across Colorado mountainsDangerous avalanche conditions will develop this weekend across the high country, prompting the Colorado Avalanche Information Center to issue a special avalanche advisory on Wednesday. |
 | Scientists explain why the record-shattering 2023 heat has them on edge. Warming may be worseningThe latest calculations from several science agencies showing Earth obliterated global heat records last year may seem scary. But scientists worry that what's behind those numbers could be even worse. |
 | First, do no harm: Guidance for community-engaged research after disastersAfter disasters, the people impacted are often called upon to participate in scientific research, but researchers can easily forget that participants are more than study subjects: They are survivors. Disasters are traumatic, and those who have endured them have their own concerns, needs, and perspectives that must be met with respect and consideration. |
 | Where has our summer gone and will it come back?Back in September last year, the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) declared an El Niño and after three soggy years of La Niña conditions, many Australians started thinking about barbeques and beach days during a long, hot summer. |
 | Impacts for half of all mining areas in the world are undocumentedA recent commentary published in Nature raises concerns about the extensive, yet largely unmeasured, environmental and societal consequences of mining activities worldwide. |
 | Study finds 90% of textile waste generated in Catalonia ends up in landfill or incineratorsA total of 90% of the municipal textile waste generated in Catalonia ends up in landfills or incinerators, according to a study by ICTA-UAB, which shows that only 10% of textile waste is collected separately. In the case of Catalonia, this percentage represented the management of 18,630 tons of clothing and other textile materials in 2020. |
 | Study finds carbon released during macroalgal growth has significant sequestration potentialMacroalgae are the most productive plants in coastal ecosystems. They have attracted worldwide interest due to their ability to sequester carbon. The growth of macroalgae can produce significant amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC), but it is unclear how these POC are metabolized and how they affect carbon sequestration. |
 | NASA analysis confirms 2023 as warmest year on recordEarth's average surface temperature in 2023 was the warmest on record, according to an analysis by NASA. Global temperatures last year were around 2.1 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) above the average for NASA's baseline period (1951-1980), scientists from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York reported. |
 | 2023 was the hottest year in history—and Canada is warming faster than anywhere else on earthIn 2015, most countries, including Canada, signed on to the Paris Climate Agreement which set the objective of "holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing the limit of 1.5 C to significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change." |
 | Snow buries Iowa campaigning ahead of possible bomb cycloneA powerful storm that could strengthen into a so-called bomb cyclone pummeled north and central parts of the United States on Friday, with heavy snow derailing campaigning for the important Iowa caucus. |
 | Old times revived for climate adaptationExtreme rainfall events are becoming more extreme and periods of drought are becoming more frequent. To keep the Dutch delta livable, adaptations will be needed, such as extra water buffers. The Netherlands has a long history of struggle against water, but also makes eager use of it. What can we learn from our heritage? |
 | Satellite altimetry reveals significant changes in water levels of Chinese lakes over two decadesA recent study published in Big Earth Data has shown how scientists from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) harnessed satellite altimetry to track changes in the water level of 988 Chinese lakes larger than 10 square kilometers. |
Astronomy and Space news
 | New paper explores four nearby fast radio burst sourcesFleeting blasts of energy from space, known as fast radio bursts (FRBs), are a cosmic enigma. A Canadian-led international team of researchers has published new findings suggesting that supernovae are the predominant contributors to forming sources that eventually produce FRBs. |
 | Astronomers find spark of star birth across billions of yearsAstronomers have completed the largest and most detailed study of what triggers stars to form in the universe's biggest galaxies, using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes. They were surprised to find that the conditions for stellar conception in these exceptionally massive galaxies have not changed over the last ten billion years. |
 | Brr, it's cold in here! NASA's cryo efforts beyond the atmosphereEstablishing sustained operations at the moon and Mars presents a multitude of opportunities and challenges NASA has yet to encounter. Many of these activities require new technologies and processes to ensure the agency is prepared for its ambitious Artemis missions and those beyond. |
 | Reflectors in space could make solar farms on Earth work for longer every dayIf you happened to be looking at the sky in Europe on a cold night on February 5, 1993, there is a chance you could have seen a dim flash of light. That flash came from a Russian space mirror experiment called Znamya-2. |
 | New instrument to capture stardust as part of NASA missionScientists and engineers at the CU Boulder will soon take part in an effort to collect a bit of stardust—the tiny bits of matter that flow through the Milky Way Galaxy and were once the initial building blocks of our solar system. |
 | NASA's OSIRIS-REx team clears hurdle to access remaining Bennu sampleCuration team members at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston have successfully removed the two fasteners from the sampler head that had prevented the remainder of OSIRIS-REx's asteroid Bennu sample material from being accessed. |
 | Venus' atmospheric chemical anomalies may motivate future astrobiology missionsWhen scientists detected phosphine in Venus' atmosphere in 2020, it triggered renewed, animated discussions about Venus and its potential habitability. It would be weird if the detection didn't generate interest since phosphine is a potential biomarker. So people were understandably curious. Unfortunately, further study couldn't confirm its presence. |
 | Solar electric propulsion systems could be just what we need for efficient trips to MarsThere are many different ways to get to Mars, but there are always tradeoffs. Chemical propulsion, proven the most popular, can quickly get a spacecraft to the red planet. But they come at a high cost of bringing their fuel, thereby increasing the mission's overall cost. Alternative propulsion technologies have been gaining traction in several deep space applications. Now, a team of scientists from Spain has preliminary studied what it would take to send a probe to Mars using entirely electric propulsion once it leaves Earth. |
 | Planetesimals are buffeted by wind in their nebula, throwing debris into space: StudyBefore planets form around a young star, the protosolar disk is populated with innumerable planetesimals. Over time, these planetesimals combine to form planets, and the core accretion theory explains how that happens. But before there are planets, the disk full of planetesimals is a messy place. |
 | Astrobotic successfully powers on all payloads on damaged Peregrine landerAstrobotic's damaged Peregrine lander managed to send data back from all nine of its interfacing payloads over the three days it's been hurtling through space, the company said. |
Technology news
 | Scientists show how shallow learning mechanism used by the brain can compete with deep learningNeural network learning techniques stem from the dynamics of the brain. However, these two scenarios, brain learning and deep learning, are intrinsically different. One of the most prominent differences is the number of layers each one possesses. |
 | Reflective materials and irrigated trees: Study shows how to cool one of the world's hottest cities by 4.5°CIt's possible to significantly reduce the temperatures of a major city in a hot desert climate while reducing energy costs, a new study by UNSW Sydney shows. |
 | Researchers develop a versatile, reconfigurable and damage-tolerant single-wire sensor arrayResearchers from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have developed a sensor array design technology inspired by the human auditory system. By mimicking the human ear's ability to distinguish sounds through tonotopy, this innovative sensor array approach could optimize the application of sensor arrays in fields such as robotics, aviation, health care, and industrial machinery. |
 | Precise chemical doping of organic semiconductors in an aqueous solutionA research team consisting of NIMS, the University of Tokyo and the Tokyo University of Science has developed the world's first technique capable of precisely doping an organic semiconductor in an aqueous solution without requiring a vacuum or a nitrogen atmosphere using special equipment. |
 | Researchers develop long-cycle, high-energy sodium-ion batteryThe constantly growing demand for energy storage is driving research and development in battery technology. The sodium-ion battery is a reliable and affordable replacement for lithium-ion batteries. The easy accessibility and availability of sodium make sodium-ion batteries more attractive and competitive. |
 | Investigating dataset bias in machine-learned theories of economic decisionsResearchers at the Center for Cognitive Science at TU Darmstadt and hessian.AI have investigated the properties of behavioral economic theories automatically learned by AI. |
 | E-bike craze in high gear at CES gadget festElectric bicycle makers at CES touted slick features like ChatGPT as they rode a trend of people wanting to enjoy a breeze in their face without sweat on their brow. |
 | FCC chair asks automakers about plans to stop abusers from using car electronics to stalk partnersThe top U.S. telecommunications regulator is asking automakers how they plan to protect people from being stalked or harassed by partners who have access to vehicle location and other data. |
 | Highlights from CES: Talking heads, airlifts and checkpoints for petsWhether dreaming of an artificial friend available around the clock, lifting off from traffic jams or doing without your cat's dead bird "gifts," CES inventors have no shortage of imagination. |
 | Tech innovations that caught our eye at CES 2024From electric cars to transparent TVs to the latest accessibility tech and virtual assistants backed by artificial intelligence, there was a wide range of innovations on display at the CES tech show in Las Vegas this week. The best of it aimed to solve big real-world problems. Some of it aimed to make your life more fun. And some of it was just a little out there. |
 | Ransomware: Dallas says cyberattack targeted more people than previously disclosedHackers who targeted the city of Dallas had access to the addresses, social security numbers and other personal information of nearly 300 more people than what had been previously disclosed to the public, city officials now say. |
 | A prefab building revolution can help resolve both the climate and housing crisesThe world faces an increasing shortage of housing and an escalating climate emergency. These urgent global issues call for quick action and innovative solutions. |
 | There are 1.5 billion tires wasted annually. There's a better way to recycle themProduction of natural rubber has claimed over 4 million hectares of forest in south-east Asia since 1993 according to a recent study. This destruction of tropical forest for rubber plantations is thought to be 2 to 3 times greater than previous estimates. |
 | The challenges of regulating artificial intelligenceIn 1950, Alan Turing asked, "Can machines think?" More than 70 years later, advancements in artificial intelligence are creating exciting possibilities and questions about its potential pitfalls. |
 | Venezuela kills off petro cryptocurrencyVenezuela is putting an end to the petro cryptocurrency that President Nicolas Maduro launched six years ago to sidestep US sanctions, but which never took off and became embroiled in a graft scandal. |
 | Women's health on show, a little, at CESAmong the more than 3,500 booths at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, only a few focus exclusively on women's health, including a cervical cancer screening device and a wristband to anticipate hot flushes. |
 | Researchers investigate how fuel cell-powered vehicles can reenergize overworked electricity gridsUniversity of Waterloo researchers are tapping into idled electric vehicles to act as mobile generators and help power overworked and aging electricity grids. |
 | Amazon's Audible is laying off 5% of its workforce, marking another round of job cuts in techAmazon-owned online audiobook and podcast service Audible is laying off about 5% of its workforce, marking the third round of job cuts at the e-commerce giant's businesses this week as the technology industry continues to shed roles in the new year. |
 | US intensifies oversight of Boeing, will begin production audits after latest mishap for planemakerThe Federal Aviation Administration says it will increase oversight of Boeing and audit production of the 737 Max 9 jetliner after a panel blew off an Alaska Airlines plane in midflight last week, the latest in a string of mishaps at the troubled aircraft maker. |
 | Delta reports profit jump but lowers earnings forecastDelta Air Lines saw its profits more than double in the fourth quarter last year, helped by strong travel demand, even as it trimmed its earnings expectations for 2024, the US carrier said Friday. |
 | Cellebrite donates AI investigative tools to nonprofits to help find missing children fasterJohn Walsh, advocate for missing children and longtime host of "America's Most Wanted," said he feels outmanned by criminals all the time—especially in the courtroom. |
 | From greenhouse gas to green fuelAn integral part of the transition to green energy is sensibly utilizing the occasional surplus electricity generated by renewable sources. One possibility is using such surplus energy to produce hydrogen via electrolysis. This green hydrogen can then either serve as an energy carrier itself or be used in further synthesis reactions. |
Chemistry news
 | Capturing greenhouse gases with the help of lightIf we want to slow down global warming, we need to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among other things, we need to do without fossil fuels and use more energy-efficient technologies. |
 | Study uncovers potential origins of life in ancient hot springsNewcastle University research turns to ancient hot springs to explore the origins of life on Earth. |
 | New research deciphers biomineralization mechanismMany organisms can produce minerals or mineralized tissue. A well-known example is nacre, which is used in jewelry because of its iridescent colors. Chemically speaking, its formation begins with a mollusk extracting calcium and carbonate ions from water. However, the exact processes and conditions that lead to nacre, a composite of biopolymers and platelets of crystalline calcium carbonate, are the subject of intense debate among experts, and different theories exist. |
 | Core-shell 'chemical looping' boosts efficiency of greener approach to ethylene productionEthylene is sometimes called the most important chemical in the petrochemical industry because it serves as the feedstock for a huge range of everyday products. It's used to produce antifreeze, vinyl, synthetic rubber, foam insulation, and plastics of all kinds. |
 | Scientists come up with technology to recycle used clothes rather than simply burning themWhen you go running in the woods in your running tights, elastane is the reason they fit you so comfortably. Elastane is an elastic material that allows the fabric to stretch and adapt to your body. |
 | Understanding the effect of catalyst spin state on reactionFrom a spin state perspective, metal complex catalysts are classified into two types: closed-shell catalysts (lacking unpaired electrons, typically based on noble metals like palladium) and open-shell catalysts (with unpaired electrons, often based on Earth-abundant metals such as iron). |
Biology news
 | Researchers sequence the first genome of myxini, the only vertebrate lineage that had no reference genomeAn international scientific team including more than 40 authors from seven different countries, led by a researcher at the University of Malaga Juan Pascual Anaya, has managed to sequence the first genome of the myxini, also known as hagfish, the only large group of vertebrates for which there has been no reference genome of any of its species yet. |
 | European alder spittlebug nymphs found to protect themselves with coat of bubblesA small team of botanists, biologists and natural scientists affiliated with several institutions in Germany has found that European alder spittlebug nymphs protect themselves with a coat of bubbles they generate themselves. The paper is published in Journal of the Royal Society Interface. |
 | Researchers create light-powered yeast, providing insights into evolution, biofuels and cellular agingYou may be familiar with yeast as the organism content to turn carbs into products like bread and beer when left to ferment in the dark. In these cases, exposure to light can hinder or even spoil the process. |
 | How much life has ever existed on Earth?All organisms are made of living cells. While it is difficult to pinpoint exactly when the first cells came to exist, geologists' best estimates suggest at least as early as 3.8 billion years ago. But how much life has inhabited this planet since the first cell on Earth? And how much life will ever exist on Earth? |
 | Inbreeding due to loss of habitat found to be putting black-footed cat in danger of extinctionA large team of life scientists at China's Shaanxi Normal University, working with colleagues from several other institutions in China, one in the U.K. and two in the U.S., has found evidence that the black-footed cat may be in danger of extinction due to loss of habitat. In their study, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group obtained tissue samples from 10 of the cats and conducted genomic sequencing to learn about their recent breeding history. |
 | How fruit flies smell CO₂:Study identifies individual receptors and how to block themMosquitoes in search of blood as well as fruit flies looking for a place to lay their eggs navigate using CO2, which is produced during respiration or in fermentation processes. A complex of various odor receptors that can detect CO2 has already been identified in mosquitoes. |
 | Candida evolution disclosed: New insights into fungal infectionsGlobal fungal infections, which affect 1 billion people and cause 1.5 million deaths each year, are on the rise due to the increasing number of medical treatments that heighten vulnerability. Patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatments after organ transplant often present compromised immune systems. |
 | How human activity facilitates invasive plants' colonization in Mediterranean ecosystemsSome invasive plants can form persistent banks of seeds that remain under the soil for years, and this makes their eradication practically impossible. Over time, this invisible population of large quantities of living, buried plants—in seed form—will reoccupy ecosystems and displace the typical flora of the natural environment. |
 | From black hole entropy to the complexity of plant leaves: An intriguing linkageComplexity of biological forms has fascinated humankind over the years. Different species of plants have different leaf shapes. Have you ever wondered why it is so? Why does this shape diversity exist? Plants can change their leaf shapes over time and space. But how? |
 | Cellular clean energy: Can mitochondria make more energy without collateral damage?Is it possible to amp up the energy production of mitochondria without also boosting potentially harmful byproducts? If so, such a method could be used to treat a host of neurodegenerative diseases in which impaired mitochondria are believed to play a central role. |
 | Efficient antibody production 'wobbles,' new study findsMolecular biology's central dogma posits a simple recipe for the construction of the human body: a DNA blueprint is transcribed into an RNA message, and the RNA message is translated into the proteins that make you. Translating the mRNA message is a bit like an assembly line. |
 | Research shows Adélie penguins must balance the benefits and costs of riding on sea ice during long-distance migrationResearch by Petaluma-based non-profit, Point Blue Conservation Science, shows how Adélie penguins within the Ross Sea, Antarctica use sea ice in their annual migrations. The paper, "Going with the floe: Sea‐ice movement affects distance and destination during Adélie penguin winter movements," is published in the journal Ecology. |
 | Shape-shifting protein study could advance new drug developmentProteins do the heavy lifting of performing biochemical functions in our bodies by binding to metabolites or other proteins to complete tasks. To do this successfully, protein molecules often shape-shift to allow specific binding interactions that are needed to perform complex, precise chemical processes. |
 | Were California's grizzlies really ravenous meat eaters? Not so much, new report showsForget what you were taught in elementary school about the supposed ravenous meat-eating grizzly bear: New research has found that California's extinct bear was actually more of a vegetarian. |
 | Long COVID: Damaged mitochondria in muscles might be linked to some of the symptomsIt's estimated around 3% of people in the UK experience long COVID—persistent, long-lasting symptoms after a COVID-19 infection. |
 | Rare Australian parrot faces multi-virus threatA critically endangered parrot, with a population numbering as few as 70 in the wild, could be at further risk after being found to carry a half-dozen previously undetected viruses. |
 | Internal morphology reveals two new species of Australian burrowing scorpionsAn Australian study has found some surprising features in two new species of burrowing scorpions, including a very strangely shaped "tail tip" and some "sexy" anatomy features. |
 | Exploring common types of feline mangeMange is a skin disease that can compromise a pet's well-being, leading to discomfort and potential health complications. Though it is a more common condition for dogs, cats can also be at risk, which is why owners should familiarize themselves with common varieties of feline mange. |
 | Study finds 10 Bacillus strains can regulate antioxidative system in response to acid stressesSoil acidification is widely occurring in diverse terrestrial ecosystems and soil microbial communities have been reported to be highly sensitive to changes in soil pH. Soil microbes could regulate their physiological conditions to make them survive under the acidifying conditions. |
 | Picky female sparrows may be more unfaithfulPicky female sparrows may be more unfaithful, new Imperial research suggests. Cheating on social partners is common in birds, and there are clear benefits to males who can raise more offspring without investing in their care. For females, however, the drivers are less obvious. |
Medicine and Health news
 | Study reveals function of little-understood synapse in the brainNew research from Oregon Health & Science University for the first time reveals the function of a little-understood junction between cells in the brain that could have important treatment implications for conditions ranging from multiple sclerosis to Alzheimer's disease, to a type of brain cancer known as glioma. |
 | New estimate doubles likely deaths from fungal disease globallyThe annual total of deaths from fungal disease worldwide has risen to 3.75 million, double the previous estimate, according to a new study. |
 | African women living with HIV have an effective option to prevent malaria during pregnancy, clinical trial findsIn women living with HIV, preventive treatment with DHA-PPQ is a safe and effective strategy to prevent malaria during pregnancy, according to the final results of MAMAH, a clinical trial coordinated by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). The study, published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases, could help protect the health of the estimated one million pregnant women who suffer from a double infection with malaria and HIV every year. |
 | Neuroscientists identify 'chemical imprint of desire'Hop in the car to meet your lover for dinner and a flood of dopamine— the same hormone underlying cravings for sugar, nicotine and cocaine—likely infuses your brain's reward center, motivating you to brave the traffic to keep that unique bond alive. But if that dinner is with a mere work acquaintance, that flood might look more like a trickle, suggests new research by University of Colorado Boulder neuroscientists. |
 | Mouse study finds aging sperm affects microRNA, increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disordersA recent study has reported that changes in mice sperm microRNAs brought about by aging may affect the growth and development of offspring. The finding adds to the growing literature on the effects of paternal aging on offspring. |
 | Research reveals an immune cell that can attack cancerAccording to preclinical research published in Cell researchers at City of Hope have discovered that a type of immune cell in the human body known to be important for allergy and other immune responses can also attack cancer. |
 | Team explores role of 'stimulator of interferon genes' in body's innate immune systemWhen pathogens attack the body, the innate immune system goes to work protecting against the invading disease. The innate immune system is the first line of defense. It detects precisely what the virus or bacteria is and then activates the proteins that fight the pathogens. Wanting to better understand how the body's innate immune system works, a team of scientists undertook a study of STING, a protein that plays a vital role in innate immunity. |
 | Predicting correct dosage may improve success of drug repurposingBefore a drug can be used to treat a disease, it must go through a lengthy and expensive trial process to prove both safety and effectiveness. By repurposing already-approved drugs, researchers can cut out the time and expense of the former step—sometimes. According to Penn State researchers, repurposed drugs fail as often as novel drugs in clinical trials designed to study efficacy. |
 | New research provides a molecular look at the mechanisms behind pigmentation variationResearchers from the University of Pennsylvania have discovered key insights into the molecular basis of skin color variations among African populations. Their findings, published in Nature Genetics, broaden the understanding of human evolution and the genetics underpinning contemporary human skin color diversity. |
 | Researchers discover compound that fights leukemia and lymphomaResearchers at The University of Texas at El Paso have identified a novel pharmaceutical compound that successfully kills leukemia and lymphoma cancer cells, potentially paving the way for new forms of therapy. |
 | Brain structure predicts treatment response to antidepressant and placebo medications, finds studyNew research from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King's College London, University of East London (UEL) and the University of Pennsylvania has used artificial intelligence to analyze the brain images in people living with major depressive disorder (MDD). |
 | New genetic findings offer therapeutic approaches for incurable autoimmune disease SLESystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system that normally protects the body from invading microbes, turns against the body's own cells. This autoimmune attack can affect any organ and patients commonly develop skin rashes, joint inflammation, blood clots, kidney failure, heart disease, fatigue and psychiatric problems. To date, there is no cure for SLE and patients are treated with immunosuppressing drugs with considerable side effects. |
 | Researchers trace a form of lupus back to a single mutationSometimes a single mutation in our genetic make-up is enough to cause disease. This is also the case with the autoimmune disease lupus. Lupus causes severe inflammation throughout the body and can have a serious impact on the lives of those affected. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin have now discovered a mechanism that can trigger lupus in children. |
 | Neuroscientists find that animals replay incidentally encoded episodic memoriesIndiana University neuroscientists have found the first evidence that rodents can call upon their episodic memory—the ability to recall seemingly unimportant streams of events from the past—and use incidentally encoded information to answer unexpected questions. |
 | BrainSwarming, blockchain, and bioethics: Applying engineering techniques to problems in health care and biomedicineResearchers from the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS Medicine) and the University of Oxford have successfully demonstrated how problem-solving techniques used in engineering, known as Innovation Enhancing Techniques, can be adapted and used to improve creativity in problem-solving when it comes to abstract problems faced in health care and biomedicine. |
 | Want safer prescribing? Provide doctors with a plan for helping patients in pain, says studyPhysicians who are notified that a patient has died of a drug overdose are more judicious in issuing controlled substances if the notification includes a plan for what to do during subsequent patient visits, according to a study published today in Nature Communications. |
 | Study provides insights into depression via ophthalmologyScientists from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry measured the pupillary reaction of participants while they were solving a task. In healthy participants, the pupils dilated during the task in anticipation of a reward, but this reaction was less pronounced in participants with depression. |
 | Drinkable, carbon monoxide-infused foam enhances effectiveness of experimental cancer therapyDid smokers do better than non-smokers in a clinical trial for an experimental cancer treatment? That was the intriguing question that led University of Iowa researchers and their colleagues to develop a drinkable, carbon monoxide-infused foam that boosted the effectiveness of the therapy, known as autophagy inhibition, in mice and human cells. |
 | New treatment to reduce seizures among infants with Sturge-Weber syndromeResearchers at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Boston Children's Hospital have discovered a new way to decrease early seizure likelihood and improve neurologic outcomes among infants with Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS). This collaboration is the first multi-center study of its kind focused on this rare condition. |
 | Diet and diverticulitisDivertitulitis is a fairly common condition, especially as we get older. What to eat when plagued with this intestinal condition depends on where one is in the process. For reasons not yet completely understood, little pockets called diverticuli sometimes form in the lining of the digestive tract. The presence of these pouches is called diverticulosis. |
 | 12.8 percent of unique prescribers prescribed topical antifungals in 2021In 2021, 12.8 percent of unique prescribers in Medicare Part D prescribed topical antifungals, with about 6.5 million topical antifungal prescriptions filled, at a total cost of $231 million, according to research published in the Jan. 11 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. |
 | Infertility tied to poorer cardiovascular health in womenA history of female infertility may serve as a marker for cardiovascular health (CVH) later in life, according to a study published online Jan. 5 in JAMA Network Open. |
 | Studies find bivalent COVID-19 shot effective for preventing thromboembolic eventsA bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after receipt of an original monovalent COVID-19 vaccine is effective for preventing COVID-19-related thromboembolic events, according to research published in the Jan. 11 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. |
 | Study finds disparities in stroke care for Black patientsDespite having a higher risk of experiencing a stroke and being more likely to die from a stroke, Black patients are less likely to receive lifesaving stroke treatments than white patients, a University of Georgia study found. |
 | How gum disease aggravates chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseSevere gum disease has been linked to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, but an understanding of how the connection plays out in the immune system remains unclear. This week in mSystems, a new study identifies immune system cells that play a critical role in the microbial link between COPD and gum disease. |
 | Obesity linked to detection of blood cancer precursorIndividuals with obesity are more likely to have monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a benign blood condition that often precedes multiple myeloma, according to new research published in Blood Advances. |
 | A bid to stamp out parasitic disease strongyloidiasis in remote Australian communitiesStrongyloidiasis—a poorly understood parasitic worm disease common in remote Australian communities and some returned travelers, refugees or asylum seekers—is finally gaining attention in the national research arena. |
 | COVID-19 vaccines found effective in reducing risk of long COVID symptomsA recent study has revealed the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing long COVID. |
 | Cosmetic procedure in your plans for '24? An expert offers adviceMore than a few folks are considering a cosmetic skin procedure to enhance their looks heading into 2024. |
 | Autism can be predicted from routine developmental surveillance dataAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be predicted from routine developmental surveillance data, according to a study published online Jan. 10 in JAMA Network Open. |
 | Clinical breast exam rarely detects second breast cancer after DCISFor patients undergoing surveillance following diagnosis and treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), very few second breast cancers are detected by clinical breast examination by a physician, according to a study published online Dec. 28 in the Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. |
 | Researchers identify diverse neuron types associated with vulnerability to Parkinson's diseaseThrough transcriptomic profiling of more than 300,000 cells in human substantia nigra, a part of the brain that helps control the body's movements, a research team has identified a previously unreported neuron type with vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. This novel finding could help explain the complexity of the disease symptoms and direct new therapeutics development. |
 | Study shows that lack of free-time exercise significantly increases risk of cardiac deathResearchers from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Kaiser Permanente have found that communities with high prevalence of adults who fail to exercise in their free-time, experience significantly higher rates of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), with middle-aged women and elderly Black individuals shouldering the heaviest burden. |
 | Persistent fluorinated chemicals tied to higher risk for inflammatory bowel diseasePerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure is associated with later occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), according to a research letter published online Dec. 26 in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. |
 | Rate of twin births increased in pregnancies with higher BMIThe rate of twin deliveries increased with increasing body mass index (BMI), and part of this association was explained by higher use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), according to a study published online Jan. 9 in JAMA Network Open. |
 | The pros, cons and unknowns of popular weight-loss drugsNearly 42% of American adults were categorized as obese from 2017 to 2020, up from roughly 30% in 2000, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. With that rise in obesity comes an increased risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. |
 | Dopamine could explain why exercise helps boost your brainA study exploring the mechanisms behind why cognitive performance improves in response to exercise, has found that dopamine plays a key role. |
 | Psychotherapy found to be effective in treating PTSD following multiple traumatic eventsPsychotherapy is an effective treatment for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to multiple traumatic events. This is the conclusion arrived at by an international team of researchers led by psychologists Dr. Thole Hoppen and Prof Nexhmedin Morina from the Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy at the University of Münster. |
 | Stress, via inflammation, is linked to metabolic syndromeLifestyle and genetics, and a range of other factors within and outside our control, are known to contribute to development of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that add up to increased risk for serious health problems. |
 | Nutritional acquired immunodeficiency (N-AIDS) found to be the leading driver of the TB pandemicTuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer worldwide, with 10.6 million cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2021 alone. One in five incident TB cases were attributable to malnutrition, more than double the number attributed to HIV/AIDS. Like HIV/AIDS, malnutrition is a cause of secondary immunodeficiency, known as nutritionally acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (N-AIDS). However, N-AIDS remains the neglected cousin of HIV/AIDS in global TB elimination efforts. |
 | A novel approach for lymph node metastasis treatmentResearchers at Tohoku University have discovered a new approach for treating lymph node metastasis. Anticancer drugs are administered directly into the LNs under ultrasound guidance (lymphatic drug delivery system or LDDS) to target sentinel lymph nodes (LNs) and generate antitumor effects locally, preventing distant metastasis. This approach not only improves the anticancer effect but also reduces the nasty side effects commonly associated with systemic chemotherapy. |
 | Plates and spoons to tackle malnutrition in MalawiPlates and spoons designed to help people better feed their children are helping reverse malnutrition in the wake of Cyclone Freddy in Malawi. |
 | Study: Smallpox vaccine efficiently induces immunity against mpox virus infection in people living with HIVResearchers from the Infection Biology Lab at the Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS) at Pompeu Fabra University and the HIV Unit at Hospital del Mar Research Institute have shown that intradermal vaccination with the JYNNEOS vaccine against smallpox is the best option to protect people living with HIV from contracting the monkeypox virus. |
 | Many more infected by tick-borne encephalitis virus than previously known, finds Swedish blood donors studyThe number of infections by the tick-borne TBE virus that are not detected by health services is far higher than previously assumed. This has been shown in a new study of Swedish blood donors from Uppsala University and the University Hospital in Uppsala. The results have been published in the journal Eurosurveillance, which is associated with the EU's Center for Disease Prevention and Control. |
 | 'Big data' analysis reveals new targets for treating ovarian cancerA recent study used a big data multi-omics analysis to examine changes in gene expression as cells from human fallopian tubes become cancerous. |
 | Why does depression cause difficulties with learning?When learning, patients with schizophrenia or depression have difficulty making optimal use of information that is new to them. In the learning process, both groups of patients give greater weight to less important information and, as a result, make less than ideal decisions. |
 | Analysis finds 10% treatment boost needed to shift NHS COVID backlogThe NHS must treat at least 10% more non-emergency hospital cases a month if it is to successfully start reducing the hefty backlog caused by the pandemic, according to a new analysis. |
 | Uncovering the link to combating muscle atrophy caused by aging and immobilityThe loss of muscle mass, or muscle atrophy, is a relatively common condition in today's aging and increasingly sedentary societies. While the disuse of muscles is the most frequent catalyst for muscle atrophy, there are several other possible causes, including chronic diseases, injury, and exposure to low-gravity environments, such as spaceships. Despite being a prevalent condition, its underlying mechanisms are complex and not entirely understood. |
 | Smartphone app could help prevent falls in older adultsResearchers at Binghamton University, State University of New York's Motion Analysis Research Laboratory have developed an app to help study and prevent falls in older adults. Their research is published in the journal Sensors. |
 | HOXA9 tracking reveals RBM5 dual function and therapeutic potential for acute myeloid leukemiaThe protein HOXA9 is overexpressed in most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and is associated with poor patient outcomes. However, HOXA9 is a difficult protein to target therapeutically, so researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital looked for ways to extinguish it indirectly. |
 | Pay-for-performance programs may only exacerbate pre-existing disparities, analysis findsRacial and ethnic minorities in the United States experience higher rates of chronic disease and premature death compared to their white counterparts. For example, Black individuals in the U.S. experience worse health outcomes for acute medical conditions, in part because the care of Black adults is highly concentrated at a limited set of U.S. hospitals, which tend to be under-resourced and operate on thin financial margins. |
 | Male gender expression in schools is associated with substance abuse later in lifeA new study led by researchers at the University of Chicago found that changes in male gender expression from adolescence to young adulthood align closely with the gender norms present in individuals' school environments and that these trajectories are associated with subsequent patterns of substance abuse. |
 | Building trust and saving lives: A community approach to genetic educationChanges to DNA, known as mutations, can increase the likelihood of developing cancer. Specifically, people with mutations in their BRCA 1 and 2 genes are substantially more likely to develop hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. But how do people know if they have these mutations? |
 | Mental illness in patients with chronic kidney diseaseChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of adults worldwide. Mental health is an important yet under-recognized issue in patients with CKD. Depression is common and related to poor prognosis in CKD patients, but previous research has primarily focused on dialysis patients, leading to an insufficient understanding of depression in earlier stages of CKD. |
Other Sciences news
 | Investors are 'flying blind' to risk of climate lawsuits, researchers sayPolluting companies could be liable for trillions in damages from climate lawsuits. But few investors and regulators are taking these risks into account when evaluating companies' climate-related financial risks, according to new Oxford Sustainable Law program research published Jan. 11 in Science. The research calls for an overhaul in how climate litigation risks are assessed and provides a new framework for doing so. |
 | Researchers study unusual late-Roman metalware hoard discovered in the British IslesResearchers report on one of the most unusual late-Roman metalware ever discovered in the British Isles. Although the Knaresborough Hoard was discovered about 1864, there has never been any detailed analysis of the items undertaken. Nor were the circumstances surrounding its discovery fully understood. |
 | Guantanamo Bay: 22 years of indefinite detention and eroded human rights2024 marks the 22nd anniversary of the opening of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, a facility shrouded in controversy and synonymous with indefinite detention and alleged human rights abuses. |
 | How should boards handle visionary CEOs?The recent firing and rapid rehiring of Sam Altman, the co-founder and CEO of ChatGPT creator OpenAI, illustrates the delicate dance between visionary CEOs and the boards who oversee them. |
 | News media trigger conflict for romantic couples with differing political viewsBy one estimate, as many as 30% of people in the U.S. are in romantic relationships with partners who do not share their political views. In today's hyperpartisan climate, where Democrats and Republicans have difficulty talking to each other and their views are polarized about media outlets' credibility, how do couples with differing political perspectives decide which media to follow? And how do these decisions affect their discussions on political issues and their relationship in general? |
 | New pathways for compromise in migration policyMigration is an increasingly dominating topic in politics and is discussed with increasing vehemence among the German population. Those in favor of migration say that the lack of skilled workers and shortage of staff will become worse without immigration. Those who oppose migration fear that an increasing number of immigrants will exceed the reception capacities of the country. |
 | For female fashion models, job security and sexual harassment are often intertwinedModeling is a dream occupation for many young women, but for those who make modeling a career, finding work can be a traumatic, sexualized nightmare, a Rutgers University-New Brunswick study finds. |
 | Research explores race politics associated with wearing a mask in public to combat COVID-19Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic that can improve the lives of Americans are still ongoing, thanks to the help and insight of UNM's Center for Social Policy (CSP.) |
 | Climate disclosures: Corporations underprepared for tighter new standards, study revealsCompanies and the carbon emissions that they generate are one of the key drivers of anthropogenic climate change. Because of this, however, they also hold precious potential of curbing its severity. The 2021 Glasgow Pact stated that rigorous sustainability reporting standards that will push companies to disclose information about their impact on the environment as well as climate change's impact on their operations are essential. For this reason, it supported the creation of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), a new branch of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation, which aims to develop a robust set of financial-related sustainability-reporting criteria. |
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