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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for January 5, 2024:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Microtexturing soft materials to remove aqueous microfoulants

A butterfly-inspired design to create crumple-recoverable electronics

New images reveal what Neptune and Uranus really look like

Inhalable sensors could enable early lung cancer detection

Calculating the number of oranges that can be plucked from a fruit stand before it collapses

Titan's 'magic islands' are likely to be honeycombed hydrocarbon icebergs, finds study

Increase in rice farming in sub-Saharan Africa found to be producing rising amounts of methane

Discovery unveils immune system's guardian: Ikaros

Psychoactive drug ibogaine found to effectively treat traumatic brain injury in special operations military vets

Soft robotic, wearable device improves walking for individual with Parkinson's disease

Study finds protected areas for elephants work best if they are connected

Cult mentality: Professor makes monumental discovery in Italy

A method to straighten curved space-time

Ant behavior inspires autonomous material assembly research

Evolutionary 'U-turn' may mitigate antibiotic resistance, study finds

Nanotechnology news

Inhalable sensors could enable early lung cancer detection

Using a new technology developed at MIT, diagnosing lung cancer could become as easy as inhaling nanoparticle sensors and then taking a urine test that reveals whether a tumor is present.

Nanostructured flat lens uses machine learning to 'see' more clearly, while using less power

A front-end lens, or meta-imager, created at Vanderbilt University can potentially replace traditional imaging optics in machine-vision applications, producing images at higher speed and using less power.

Size and shape of inhaled asbestos nanofibers may be exclusively responsible for pulmonary fibrosis

The pathogenic potential of inhaling the inert fibrous nanomaterials used in thermal insulation (such as asbestos or fiberglass) is actually connected not to their chemical composition, but instead to their geometrical characteristics and size. The reason for this is the inability of the macrophages naturally present in pulmonary alveolar tissue to eliminate foreign bodies that are too large.

Physics news

Calculating the number of oranges that can be plucked from a fruit stand before it collapses

A small team of physicists and mechanical engineers from Universidad de Antofagasta, Universidad AutĆ³noma de Chile and Universidad de O'Higgins, all in Chile, has found a way to find the stability points of granularly arranged monolayers in a single pile with tilted slopes.

A method to straighten curved space-time

One of the greatest challenges of modern physics is to find a coherent method for describing phenomena, on the cosmic and microscale. For over a hundred years, to describe reality on a cosmic scale we have been using general relativity theory, which has successfully undergone repeated attempts at falsification.

Using Berry phase monopole engineering for high-temperature spintronic devices

Spintronic devices are electronic devices that utilize the spin of electrons (an intrinsic form of angular momentum possessed by the electron) to achieve high-speed processing and low-cost data storage. In this regard, spin-transfer torque is a key phenomenon that enables ultrafast and low-power spintronic devices. Recently, however, spin-orbit torque (SOT) has emerged as a promising alternative to spin-transfer torque.

Unraveling the impact of edge cracks on superconducting REBCO tapes: A leap in material durability and efficiency

In the realm of superconductivity, the durability and efficiency of materials like REBCO (Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide) tapes are crucial for application in various high-tech fields. However, these materials face challenges, particularly when it comes to maintaining their superconducting properties under stress.

Earth news

Increase in rice farming in sub-Saharan Africa found to be producing rising amounts of methane

A team of engineers and atmospheric scientists at Harvard University, working with a colleague from the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, has calculated the increased amount of methane being expelled into the atmosphere due to increases in rice farming in parts of Africa.

Their land is sinking: Farm barons defy calls to cut groundwater pumping

In 2023, as floodwaters rushed toward the San Joaquin Valley city of Corcoranā€”home to roughly 20,000 people and a sprawling maximum-security state prisonā€”emergency workers and desperate local officials begged the state for help raising their levee.

Become a beach scientist this summer and help monitor changing coastlines

When you arrive at your favorite beach these summer holidays, you may notice something different about the coast.

Study investigates influence of Arctic cold air on carbon dioxide uptake of the East Sea

The recent cold spell has plunged South Korean into a deep freeze, resulting in the closure of 247 national parks, the cancellation of 14 domestic flights, and the scrapping of 107 cruise ship voyages. While the cold snap brought relief by significantly reducing the prevalence of particulate matter obscuring our surroundings, a recent study indicates that, besides diminishing particulate matter, it significantly contributes to the heightened uptake of carbon dioxide by the East Sea.

Monitoring the well-being of reservoir water through an uncrewed surface vehicle

In a recent tragic incident, approximately 100 elephants in Africa perished due to inadequate access to water. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) warned that around 2.5 billion people worldwide could face water scarcity by 2025. In the face of water shortages affecting human society and the entire ecological community due to the climate crisis, it becomes crucial to adopt comprehensive measures for managing water quality and quantity to avert such pressing challenges.

Deforestation in Brazilian Amazon halved in 2023

Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon fell by half last year, according to figures released Friday, as President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's government bolstered environmental policing to crack down on surging destruction.

Scenes of loss play out across Japan's western coastline after quake kills 92, dozens still missing

His face hidden under a humble straw hat, the man silently watched as several helmeted rescue workers carefully lifted from the rubble his wife's body, wrapped in blue plastic on a stretcher.

Canada's Nature Agreement underscores the need for true reconciliation with Indigenous nations

In late 2023, the federal government, British Columbia and the First Nations Leadership Council signed a $1 billion Nature Agreement to protect 30% of B.C.'s lands by 2030.

Hainan's quest for pristine air: Charting a course to global air quality leadership by 2035

Air pollution significantly impacts human health. Hainan Province in China aims to achieve world-leading ambient air quality by 2035, despite already having relatively good air quality in China. The existing Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) offer insufficient guidance for further enhancing air quality in Hainan, which stands at the forefront of China's environmental protection efforts. Consequently, it is imperative to develop Hainan's local AAQS.

Winter storm threatens travel chaos on US east coast

Forecasters warned on Friday that a deluge of snow and wintery conditions could bring travel chaos to the US northeast this weekend, with some 25 million people subject to a storm warning.

Astronomy and Space news

New images reveal what Neptune and Uranus really look like

Neptune is fondly known for being a rich blue, and Uranus greenā€”but a new study has revealed that the two ice giants are actually far closer in color than typically thought.

Titan's 'magic islands' are likely to be honeycombed hydrocarbon icebergs, finds study

Titan's "magic islands" are likely floating chunks of porous, frozen organic solids, a new study finds, pivoting from previous work suggesting they were gas bubbles. The study was published in Geophysical Research Letters.

Mysterious missing component in the clouds of Venus revealed

What are the clouds of Venus made of? Scientists know it's mainly made of sulfuric acid droplets, with some water, chlorine, and iron. Their concentrations vary with height in the thick and hostile Venusian atmosphere. But until now they have been unable to identify the missing component that would explain the clouds' patches and streaks, only visible in the UV range.

NASA/JAXA XRISM mission reveals its first look at X-ray cosmos

The Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) observatory has released a first look at the unprecedented data it will collect when science operations begin later this year.

Navajo object to depositing human remains on Moon

The United States will soon launch its first spacecraft to attempt a soft lunar landing since the Apollo era, in a historic collaboration with the private sectorā€”but not everyone is celebrating.

Add-on system in Mars water mining operations will screen for introduced and alien life

As noted at NASA's 2019 Carlsbad Conference, we have good reason to think that life could have started on Mars using the same geo-organic chemistry that started life on Earth. If Martian life persists today on Mars, it may be in near-surface ice, low elevations, and caves, all with transient liquid brines, environments that today on Earth host microbial life. Martian life would likely use informational polymers (like DNA); Darwinian evolution requires these, and Darwinian evolution is the only way matter can organize to give life.

Rocket carrying American lunar lander rolls to launchpad

Final preparations were underway Friday for the launch of the first American spacecraft to attempt a lunar landing in more than 50 years, under a new partnership between NASA and private industry.

A day in the life of a mountaintop telescope builder

When she's in Chile, Margaux Lopez starts most days nine thousand feet below her place of work. At 6:30 a.m. she boards a bus to begin the steep climb from La Serena, Chile's second-oldest city, to the top of Cerro PachĆ³n, a mountain in the Chilean Andes.

Technology news

A butterfly-inspired design to create crumple-recoverable electronics

Over the past decades, electronics engineers have created devices of various shapes and with increasingly sophisticated designs. This includes electronics that can be folded onto themselves, such as foldable phones, along with various other compressible devices.

AI breathes new life into old trends at CES gathering

The annual tech industry fair known as the Consumer Electronics Show is regaining momentum after the pandemic, with artificial intelligence (AI) infusing everything from bicycles to baby bottles.

AI could change how we obtain legal advice, but those without access to the technology could be left out in the cold

The legal profession has already been using artificial intelligence (AI) for several years, to automate reviews and predict outcomes, among other functions. However, these tools have mostly been used by large, well established firms.

Cybersecurity expert weighs in on AI benefits and risks

Artificial intelligence has been taking the world by storm as the powers of tools such as ChatGPT and others have become available to the public.

Cryptocurrency's surprising transparency advantage

As perhaps befits a product of the post-2008 economy, the cryptocurrency space has never known normalcy. In a mere 13 years, crypto went from an untried software innovation of mysterious origin to being touted as the future of investing by major movie stars in Super Bowl commercials. Soon thereafter, of course, came the "crypto winter" of 2022, which began well before, but was surely deepened by, the downfall of FTX and disgraced wunderkind Sam Bankman-Fried.

Google Chrome restricts cookies in first step towards elimination

Google has begun limiting third-party cookies for some users of its Chrome web browser, a first step towards eventually abandoning the files that have raised privacy concerns.

Tesla to recall 1.6 mn cars in China to fix steering software: regulator

Tesla is recalling more than 1.6 million electric vehicles in China, the country's market regulator said Friday, owing to software issues that could pose safety risks while driving.

Face-off in Britain over controversial surveillance tech

On a gray, cloudy morning in December, London police deployed a state-of-the-art AI powered camera near the railway station in the suburb of Croydon and quietly scanned the faces of the unsuspecting passersby.

Chemistry news

Microtexturing soft materials to remove aqueous microfoulants

The process of crystallization fouling is a phenomenon where scale forms on surfaces. It is widespread in nature and technology and affects the energy and water industries. Despite previous attempts, rationally designed surfaces with intrinsic resistance remain elusive due to a lack of understanding of how microfoulants adhere in dynamic aqueous environments.

Ant behavior inspires autonomous material assembly research

The survival strategies employed by one of the most aggressive, territorial and venomous ant species may pave the way to revolutionize robotics, medicine and engineering.

Metal-organic frameworks study unravels mechanism for capturing water from air

Researchers from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and Dresden University of Technology have unraveled the water adsorption mechanism in certain microporous materialsā€”so-called hierarchical metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)ā€”while probing them on the atomic scale.

Photochemistry and a new catalyst could make fertilizer more sustainable

Georgia Tech engineers are working to make fertilizer more sustainableā€”from production to productive reuse of the runoff after applicationā€”and a pair of new studies is offering promising avenues at both ends of the process.

A new approach can address antibiotic resistance to Mycobacterium abscessus

Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital are tackling Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) antibiotic resistance. This naturally antibiotic-resistant pathogen is becoming more prevalent, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutics. To address this, the scientists designed new versions of the drug spectinomycin that overcome efflux, the main mechanism driving resistance. The work is published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

Research team combines two catalysts to make common chemical production safer, more environmentally friendly

The chemical industry has long been shadowed by unwelcome images of billowing smokestacks and pipes discharging toxic effluent. Modern manufacturing practices have done much to mitigate the industry's environmental impact, but there remains room for improvement.

Biology news

Study finds protected areas for elephants work best if they are connected

Conservation measures have successfully stopped declines in the African savanna elephant population across southern Africa, but the pattern varies locally, according to a new study.

Evolutionary 'U-turn' may mitigate antibiotic resistance, study finds

In a scientific breakthrough, Monash University researchers have discovered a revolutionary "U-turn" in the evolution of antibiotic resistance, challenging the widely accepted notion that traits once developed are irreversible.

Engineers invent octopus-inspired technology that can deceive and signal

With a split-second muscle contraction, the greater blue-ringed octopus can change the size and color of the namesake patterns on its skin for purposes of deception, camouflage and signaling. Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have drawn inspiration from this natural wonder to develop a technological platform with similar capabilities for use in a variety of fields, including the military, medicine, robotics and sustainable energy.

Carnivorous plant traps help scientists explain the evolution of complex 'composite' traits

An international team of researchers led by Dr. Ulrike Bauer from the University of Bristol investigated two tropical pitcher plant species separated by 4,000 km of open ocean: The Slender Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes gracilis) found in Borneo, and Nepenthes pervillei from the Seychelles islands off the East coast of Africa.

Scientists discover why chicken farms are a breeding ground for antibiotic resistant bacteria

Scientists from the University of Nottingham are one step closer to understanding how bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella enterica, share genetic material which makes them resistant to antibiotics.

Feathers from deceased birds help scientists understand new threat to avian populations

As concerns over the world's declining bird population mount, animal ecologists have developed an analytical approach to better understand one of the latest threats to feathered creatures: the rise of wind and solar energy facilities.

Genome database for desiccation-tolerant plants released

Desiccation is typically fatal for plant vegetative tissues, but a small number of land plants have evolved vegetative desiccation tolerance (VDT), allowing them to dry without dying through a process called anhydrobiosis.

Mixed forests protect coastal areas from tsunami impacts better than monoculture forests, finds study

Coastal forests in Japan had predominantly been afforested with black pine (Pinus thunbergii), a shade-tolerant tree species that can withstand dry land ecosystems and harsh coastal environments.

Logging and climate change threaten montane birds

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have studied the effects of forest logging and climate change on bird communities in tropical mountains, by examining over 10 years of data.

The chickadee in the snowbank: A 'canary in the coal mine' for climate change in the Sierra Nevada mountains

Wet snow pelts my face and pulls against my skis as I climb above 8,000 feet in the Sierra Nevada of eastern California, tugging a sled loaded with batteries, bolts, wire and 40 pounds of sunflower seeds critical to our mountain chickadee research.

Invasive, carnivorous frogs are now breeding in Georgia, biologists say

An invasive species of carnivorous tree frogs that feed on native wildlife are now breeding in Georgia, a sign that the amphibians have gained a stronger foothold in the state, biologists say.

Novel comparative approach enables mapping of fish 'countries'

Using novel comparative riverscape genomics, biologists at the University of Arkansas surveyed 31 fish species from 75 locations in the White River Basin in Arkansas. Their study revealed a complex network of relations and adaptations that define aquatic communities in rivers and will help biologists plan conservation and ecosystem management.

Anoxia begets anoxia: A positive feedback to the deoxygenation of temperate lakes

Anoxia threatens inland waters worldwide. Once it has occurred in a lake, the lack of oxygen even sets in motion a downward spiral that accelerates with increasing global warming. This is indicated by the results of an international study involving researchers of TU Bergakademie Freiberg, which were published in Global Change Biology.

Report highlights farmers' concerns about cultured meat

While some U.K. farmers see the advances in the development of cultured, or cell-based meat, as potential competition to traditional meat production, others from the farming community have suggested it could create a premium for pasture-reared meat.

Medicine and Health news

Discovery unveils immune system's guardian: Ikaros

In a scientific breakthrough that aids our understanding of the internal wiring of immune cells, researchers at Monash University in Australia have cracked the code behind Ikaros, an essential protein for immune cell development and protection against pathogens and cancer.

Psychoactive drug ibogaine found to effectively treat traumatic brain injury in special operations military vets

For military veterans, many of the deepest wounds of war are invisible: Traumatic brain injuries resulting from head trauma or blast explosions are a leading cause of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and suicide among veterans. Few treatments have been effective at diminishing the long-term effects of TBI, leaving many veterans feeling hopeless.

Soft robotic, wearable device improves walking for individual with Parkinson's disease

Freezing is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 9 million people worldwide. When individuals with Parkinson's disease freeze, they suddenly lose the ability to move their feet, often mid-stride, resulting in a series of staccato stutter steps that get shorter until the person stops altogether. These episodes are one of the biggest contributors to falls among people living with Parkinson's disease.

Two-channel sensor measures biomarker concentration in sweat

Sensors applied to the skin hold promise for a non-invasive and low-cost method of identifying key biomarkers in sweat, which could help clinicians make earlier and more accurate diagnoses. Up until now, however, sensors could identify the presence of biomarkers but lacked the ability to accurately detect their concentration in the presence of erratic, intermittent and unpredictable sweat production.

Bacterial enzyme research paves the way for acne vaccine

In a groundbreaking development in the field of anti-acne therapies, a team of researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine has created an acne vaccine that successfully reduces inflammation in a mouse acne model. The vaccine neutralizes a specific variant of an enzyme produced by an acne-associated bacteria, while leaving the healthy bacterial enzyme intact.

HIV vaccine takes step forward with confirmation of neutralizing antibodies

The path to a successful HIV vaccine depends on a critical first stepā€”activating specific immune cells that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies.

How memories are formed in the brain: A new role for the internal compass

Since their discovery in the 1990s, the head-direction cells in the brain have been referred to as its "internal compass." These cells are activated when the head of an animal or human points in a certain direction, and are thought to be important for spatial orientation and navigation.

Researchers explore changes to microbiome following weight-loss surgery

Researchers at the University of Toronto and its partner hospitals are finding that changes in gut microbiota after bariatric surgery can directly improve metabolism, independent of food intake, weight loss and other metabolic factors.

Study shows dementia risk for older people with hearing difficulty could be reduced by use of hearing aids

A large team of medical researchers affiliated with several institutions in Denmark analyzed data from a national health information database and found evidence that hearing aids could reduce the risk of developing dementia in older people with hearing difficulties. Their study is published in the journal JAMA Otolaryngologyā€”Head & Neck Surgery.

MRI-based method detects water exchange in tumor cells to measure their malignancy

The cycling of water across membrane transporters is an hallmark of the cell metabolism and is potentially of high diagnostic significance for the characterization of tumors and other diseases. In the journal Angewandte Chemie, an Italian research team has now introduced a new MRI-based method for assessing this water exchange. By this method, they were able to estimate the degree of malignancy and the success of treatments in mice tumor models.

A leap forward in women's health: Unlocking genetic clues to gestational diabetes

A new study led by researchers from the University of Helsinki, along with colleagues at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, provides significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the genetics behind gestational diabetes.

Novel compound protects against infection by virus that causes COVID-19, preliminary studies show

Compounds that obstruct the "landing gear" of a range of harmful viruses can successfully protect against infection by the virus that causes COVID-19, a study led by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute scientists shows. Based on the findings, researchers have launched a human clinical trial of one such compound made by chemically stabilizing a key coronavirus peptide.

Study reveals crucial 'housekeeping' genetic elements and their potential to fight cancer

Technological advancements have enabled scientists to comprehensively explore genetic control elements, unraveling the complexities of gene activation mechanisms in our genetic code. New evidence challenges the simplistic view that cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are mere on/off switches for genes, emphasizing their ability to exhibit complex behaviors, such as the simultaneous enhancement of gene activity and initiation of gene transcription (e.g., simultaneous enhancer and promoter activities).

Researchers investigate why vaccines don't work as well in some older adults

An important aspect to aging is how the immune system changes over time. Such changes have consequences, and they contribute to the greater risk for severe infections and other diseases such as cancer in the aging population. Researchers at The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) and UConn Health are rigorously investigating why vaccines don't work as well in some older adults

Aided by AI, new catheter design helps prevent bacterial infections

Bacteria are remarkably good swimmersā€”a trait that can be detrimental to human health. One of the most common bacterial infections in a health care setting comes from bacteria entering the body through catheters, thin tubes inserted in the urinary tract. Though catheters are designed to draw fluids out of a patient, bacteria are able to propel themselves upstream and into the body via catheter tubes using a unique swimming motion, causing $300 million of catheter-associated urinary infections in the U.S. annually.

Diabetes and weight-loss drugsā€”Ozempic and Wegovyā€”not associated with increased suicidal thoughts, finds study

A new study by researchers at the Case Western Reserve School of Medicine reveals that a chemical used in the diabetes drug Ozempic and the weight-management drug Wegovy is not associated with an increased risk for suicidal thoughts.

Advancing the generation of in-vivo chimeric lungs in mice using rat-derived stem cells

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third-leading cause of death worldwide. It is marked by lung damage that is lasting and incurable, leaving lung transplantation as the only viable treatment option. Unfortunately, finding suitable lung donors is difficult. To compensate for this shortage of donors, regenerative medicine is making strides in developing lungs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), using interspecies animal models.

Active or overscheduled kids? How parents can consider benefits and risks of extracurricular activities

From hockey and dance to chess club, families can be pulled in many extracurricular directions.

For cancer patients, maintaining muscle is vital to health and treatment, but staying strong is complicated

Nearly one-third of cancer patients die from a side-effect you've likely never heard of: cancer cachexia.

What is selective mutism? And is it a lifelong condition?

Belle is six years old. Like many children, she is a playful and often boisterous child at home with her family. Unlike many children, she has an anxiety disorder which renders her speechless and often physically frozen in specific situations such as school or when she is out with her family.

Going on a road trip this summer? Four reasons why you might end up speeding, according to psychology

Your bags are packed. You've sorted entertainment and snacks for your passengers and have squeezed all your holiday luggage in the car. You're now ready to head off for your road tripā€”one hour after you meant to leave. There will be more traffic now, but maybe, if you put your foot down you can make up some time.

Researcher: I study the therapeutic qualities of writing about art. Here are three steps for trying it yourself

What do we learn about ourselves when we write creatively about an artwork? I asked myself this question during my creative writing Ph.D., where my focus was on writing a collection of poems in response to modern and contemporary art.

Q&A: News about violence affects children's mental and emotional health: How to discuss bad news with your children

Violent photos and videosā€”whether from conflicts abroad or shootings near homeā€”are commonplace, even ubiquitous, on television and social media today. The impact on children can be debilitating.

Seeing the human in every patient, from biblical texts to 21st century relational medicine

Patients frequently describe the U.S. health care system as impersonal, corporate and fragmented. One study even called the care delivered to many vulnerable patients "inhumane." Seismic changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemicā€”particularly the shift to telehealthā€”only exacerbated that feeling.

Drugs of the future will be easier and faster to make, thanks to mRNAā€”after researchers work out a few remaining kinks

Vaccines have been reliably and affordably protecting people from diseases worldwide for centuries. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, however, vaccine development was still a long and idiosyncratic process. Traditionally, researchers had to tailor manufacturing processes and facilities for each vaccine candidate, and the scientific knowledge gained from one vaccine was often not directly transferable to another.

Researchers: Focus on right now, not the distant future, to stay motivated and on track to your long-term health goals

It's a familiar start-of-the-year scene. You've committed to a healthier lifestyle and are determined that this time is going to be different. Your refrigerator is stocked with fruits and veggies, you've tossed out processed foods, and your workout routine is written in pen in your daily planner.

Evaluating selpercatinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

A phase III LIBRETTO-431 multicenter study has evaluated the efficacy and safety of selpercatinib compared to control treatment, which consisted of platinum-based chemotherapy associated or not with pembrolizumab (immune checkpoint inhibitor) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

African One Health network launched to prevent disease

The prevention and management of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)ā€”a major global health threatā€”and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) remain a challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. To better combat antimicrobial resistance, a One Health approach is needed to identify the links between human, animal and environmental factors that contribute to the problem.

Debunking myths about minority organ donation

More than 103,000 people in the U.S. are waiting for an organ transplant, according to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Nearly 60% of people on transplant waiting lists come from minority communities.

Giving cancer patients free rides to appointments found to reduce no-shows and increase clinical trial enrollment

University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center is attempting to address one of the most common challenges cancer patients face: Lack of transportation to critically important appointments. Now in its fifth year, the cancer center's transportation program provides free rides to hundreds of cancer patients and has recently expanded to include certain cancer screening appointments, such as colonoscopies and mammograms.

Drug-drug interactions seen in 21.4% of children with medication exposure

More than 20% of children with two or more medication exposures experience major drug-drug interactions (DDIs) annually, according to a study published online Jan. 4 in Pediatrics.

Tejocote supplements sold online at Amazon, Etsy may contain fatal poison: FDA

Tejocote weight-loss supplements sold through online through Amazon or Etsy could contain a highly toxic substance, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is warning.

Study of heart attack patients finds definitive benefit of cardiac rehab

The benefits of doing cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack might seem obvious, but studies have provided surprisingly underwhelming findings.

AI model could suggest better treatment plans for breast cancer patients

At a time when some industries are shying away from and questioning the use of AI in daily work, those in the medical field are leaning into the support the technology can provide to doctors.

Pressure-driven foam cell formation revealed as key driver of arterial disease, paving the way for new therapies

A study in Advanced Science unlocks the secrets of how high blood pressure (hypertension) fuels the progression of arterial disease.

Study finds pod-based e-cigarettes with higher nicotine more likely to cause irregular heartbeat

With the start of a new year, smokers and vapers may have resolved to quit or cut back on the habit to improve their health. They may want to use caution, however, if their strategy involves switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes, considered by some to be a less harmful alternative.

New app aims to help liver disease patients abstain from alcohol

A mobile phone app which helps patients with alcohol-related liver disease to stay sober could help save hundreds of lives every year, according to researchers from UCL and the Royal Free Hospital who developed the app.

A naturally-occurring molecule shows promise as effective first-line treatment for prostate cancer

Scientists at Nottingham Trent University wanted to investigate the anti-cancer properties of carnosine against cells derived from both primary and metastatic prostate cancerā€”where the cancer began and where it had spread to another part of the body.

Resource shortages and technological lag remain obstacles for acute myeloid leukemia treatment in Latin America

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer type that originates in the bone marrow. Despite being considered a rare disease, it is the most common type of acute leukemia and progresses rapidly, necessitating immediate treatment.

For Black adolescents, feeling connected to school has long-lasting mental health benefits, researchers find

School connectednessā€”the degree to which students feel part of their school communityā€”influences more than grades. For Black students, it's a protective factor against depression and aggressive behavior later in life, according to a Rutgers University-New Brunswick study.

Crib videos offer clue to mysterious child deaths, showing seizures sometimes play a role

The last bedtime of 17-month-old Hayden Fell's life was heartbreakingly normal. Crib video shows the toddler in pajamas playing happily as his parents and sister sang "Wheels on the Bus" with his twin brother.

Eli Lilly starts website to connect patients with new obesity treatment, Zepbound, other drugs

Eli Lilly has launched a unique website to connect U.S. patients seeking obesity treatment to doctors, dieticians and its new weight-loss drug, Zepbound.

Body fat percentage vs. BMI: Which is important?

The start of a new year for many means the start of a new health and fitness journey. Claire Edgemon, senior registered dietitian at Baylor College of Medicine, provides insight on how knowing your body fat percentage or your body mass index (BMI) can be used to help meet your goals.

Researcher calls for greater access, equity for breastfeeding surgeons

Any new mother will tell you that breastfeeding, under the very best circumstances, is emotionally and physically taxing. While increasingly common in the workplace, accommodations such as private lactation rooms, permissive scheduling and clean, dedicated refrigerators for milk storage, are still the exception rather than the norm. And that's for nursing mothers with regular, predicable work hours.

Other Sciences news

Cult mentality: Professor makes monumental discovery in Italy

Douglas Boin, Ph.D., a professor of history at Saint Louis University, made a major announcement at the annual meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America, revealing he and his team discovered an ancient Roman temple that adds significant insights into the social change from pagan gods to Christianity within the Roman Empire.

Central banks should be fighting the climate crisisā€”here's why

Climate finance was a major focus at the recent COP28 summit, but one set of game-changing institutions remains largely missing in such conversations: central banks.

What do teachers do in the school holidays? They work, plan, and rest

Many people believe teaching is an easy job involving short days and long holidays. Anyone working in the profession, however, will tell you this is not the truth.

Should I have children? Why society's idealization of motherhood benefits no one

Mothersā€”and non-mothers. Our language creates the falsehood that being with a child is a norm. Words like "childless" or "childfree" firmly place the person without a child as the one lacking. Women who decide not to have children are marked as outsiders by our social and cultural norms.

The accuracy of self-estimation in evaluating technology use

In a recent study examining the accuracy of self-estimation in evaluating technology use, researchers analyzed data from more than 300 iPhone users in China. The findings indicate a moderate correlation between self-reported usage and actual screen time. However, a notable finding is that the longer individuals engage with social media or smartphones, the less accurate their self-reporting of use becomes.

When young people seem to make threats on social media, do they mean it? A web app could offer clarity

In New York City, law enforcement regularly monitors the social media use of young people who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC), compiling binders of Twitter and Facebook posts to link them to crimes or gangs.

Extreme rituals: What's the social role of violence in these cultural events?

Published in the journal Religion, Brain & Behavior, a study led by the D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) evaluated and mapped the perceptions of over a thousand spectators participating in the Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods, a celebration that gathers approximately one million people in several Asian countries and has predominantly religious significance.

Water increasingly at the center of conflicts from Ukraine to the Middle East

Six months ago, an explosion ripped apart Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine, unleashing floods that killed 58 people, devastated the landscape along the Dnipro River and cut off water to productive farmland.

Bullies in South African schools were often bullied themselves: Insights from an expert

"Pupil stabbed to death at Gauteng school had suffered history of bullying." "Grade 6 learner commits suicide after bullying." "Grade 11 learner takes her own life after taunts over her appearance."


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