Science X Newsletter Tue, Dec 5

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for December 5, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Reconfigurable molybdenum ditelluride devices with multiple functions

New warm Jupiter exoplanet discovered

Knocking out part of the innate immune system to improve cancer therapy

Annual report shows fossil CO₂ emissions at record high in 2023

Interpreting the afterglow of a black hole's breakfast

Unlocking the secrets of the brain's dopaminergic system

Diamonds and rust help unveil 'impossible' quasi-particles

Using mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons for the treatment of Parkinson's patients

Study proposes new explanation for California anchovy booms and busts

Enhanced AI tracks neurons in moving animals

Eye scans can provide crucial insights into kidney health, study finds

World could breach 1.5C warming threshold in 7 years: Study

Exposure to soft robots decreases human fears about working with them

Harvesting water from air with solar power

Mice pass the mirror test, a classic indicator of self-recognition

Nanotechnology news

	Using solid-state nanopores and DNA barcoding to identify misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative disorders A team of chemists, microbiologists and physicists at the University of Cambridge in the U.K. has developed a way to use solid-state nanopores and multiplexed DNA barcoding to identify misfolded proteins such as those involved in neurodegenerative disorders in blood samples. In their study, reported in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the group used multiplexed DNA barcoding techniques to overcome problems with nanopore filtering techniques for isolating harmful oligomers.
	Atomically precise assembly of 2D materials paves way for next-generation electronics Researchers at the University of Manchester have made a breakthrough in the transfer of 2D crystals, paving the way for their commercialization in next-generation electronics. This technique, detailed in a recent Nature Electronics article, utilizes a fully inorganic stamp to create the cleanest and most uniform 2D material stacks to date.
	Nanomaterial with 'light switch' kills Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria Health care-associated infections are a common problem in suppurating wound care, as is the rise in multi-drug resistant bacteria. In order to effectively and selectively combat bacterial infections, a team of researchers has developed a bactericidal nanomaterial equipped with a photochemical "light switch" that can be directed either against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.
	Examining advances in additive manufacturing of promising heterostructures and their biomedical applications To the authors' knowledge, there have been no review papers that summarize the biomedical applications of heterostructures prepared by additive manufacturing. This paper aims to highlight the research progress in additive manufacturing of promising heterostructure for bioimplants.

Physics news

	Diamonds and rust help unveil 'impossible' quasi-particles Researchers have discovered magnetic monopoles—isolated magnetic charges—in a material closely related to rust, a result that could be used to power greener and faster computing technologies.
	Physicist explains X-rays that shouldn't exist in 'cold' plasma For about 20 years, Caltech Professor of Applied Physics Paul Bellan and his group have been creating magnetically accelerated jets of plasma, an electrically conducting gas composed of ions and electrons, in a vacuum chamber big enough to hold a person. (Neon signs and lightning are everyday examples of plasma).
	Replacing bone saws with smart lasers Using lasers rather than scalpels and saws has many benefits in surgery. Yet they are only used in isolated cases. But that could be about to change: laser systems are getting smarter and better all the time, as a research team from the University of Basel demonstrates.
	Picking up good vibrations: The surprising physics of the didgeridoo Australia's most iconic sound is almost certainly the didgeridoo. The long wooden tube-shaped instrument is famous for its unique droning music and has played a significant role in Australian Aboriginal culture for thousands of years. Despite the instrument's simple design, the playing technique can be highly complex.
	SPAGINS: A novel approach to predicting nuclear fragmentation in gamma-induced spallation In a study published in Nuclear Science and Techniques, researchers from Henan Normal University report a significant advancement in nuclear physics. The study showcases the effectiveness of the SPAGINS model, a novel approach to accurately predicting fragment production in gamma-induced nuclear spallation reactions.
	NASA engineers push limits of physics to focus light A pair of precision-orbiting small satellites will attempt to capture the first views ever of small-scale features near the surface of the sun that scientists believe drive the heating and acceleration of solar wind.

Earth news

	Annual report shows fossil CO₂ emissions at record high in 2023 Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels have risen again in 2023—reaching record levels, according to new research from the Global Carbon Project science team.
	World could breach 1.5C warming threshold in 7 years: Study The world may cross the crucial 1.5C global warming threshold in seven years as fossil fuel CO2 emissions continue to rise, scientists warned Tuesday, urging countries at the COP28 talks to "act now" on coal, oil and gas pollution.
	How are toxic brown carbon nitroaromatics produced in biomass smoke? Biomass burning from wildfires puts large amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere every year, which are thought to convert into more light-absorbing and toxic nitroaromatics.
	Researchers use AI to identify toxic substances in wastewater with greater accuracy and speed An interdisciplinary research team from the University of Waterloo is using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify microplastics faster and more accurately than ever before.
	Major Antarctic glacier passed a tipping point in the last 80 years, research reveals Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica has gone through an irreversible retreat, passing a tipping point within the last 80 years, researchers have found.
	Why regional differences in global warming are critical Tiny fossils in marine sediments verify that climate models provide accurate calculations of average ocean temperatures during the last glacial maximum around 20,000 years ago, but that the spatial distribution of simulated temperatures is too uniform and thus only partially valid for predicting future climate.
	Three decades of data in Bangladesh show elevated risk of infant mortality in flood-prone areas A new study from researchers at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography and UC San Francisco estimates 152,753 excess infant deaths were attributable to living in flood-prone areas in Bangladesh over the past 30 years. Additionally, across the study period, children born during rainy months faced a higher risk of death than those born in dry months.
	'Forever chemicals' in thousands of private wells near military sites, study finds Water tests show nearly 3,000 private wells located near 63 active and former U.S. military bases are contaminated with "forever chemicals" at levels higher than what federal regulators consider safe for drinking.
	Sulfur-cycling microbes could lead to new possibilities in river-wetland-ocean remediation Nutrient cycles such as the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur cycles are critical processes that free up elements essential to life by recycling them through our water, air, and soil. Sulfur, specifically, is an integral element in producing amino acids, vitamins, and enzymes.
	Report: 1.5°C pathways can still be achieved while combining fairness and global climate protection Global warming can still be limited to 1.5°C by 2100 while ensuring that the poor are not hit hardest by climate policies and climate impacts. This is achieved by immediately introducing broad carbon pricing together with re-distributive policies using carbon pricing revenues and further measures to reduce energy consumption, accelerate technological transitions, and transform the land sector.
	A shipboard monitoring system is giving researchers much-needed measurements of Antarctic wind, waves and ice The Southern Ocean is "the engine room" for the world's climate and weather system. Across its large expanses of uninterrupted water, winds pick up speed and waves gather energy.
	What happens after net zero? The impacts could play out for decades, with poorest countries still feeling the heat Humanity's emissions of greenhouse gases have caused rapid global warming at a rate unprecedented in at least the past 2,000 years. Rapid global warming has been accompanied by increases in the frequency and intensity of heat extremes over most land regions in the past 70 years.
	COP28: With a 'loss and damage' fund in place, protecting climate refugees is more urgent than ever It has taken decades, but the complex and increasingly urgent issue of "climate mobility" has gradually become central to international climate negotiations.
	Protecting power grids from space weather Activity from the sun, such as solar flares, can cause fluctuations in Earth's geomagnetic field that send electrical currents flowing through power grids. These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can cause problems ranging from temporary voltage instability to widespread blackouts to reduced life spans for transformers. It is therefore important to develop effective mitigation strategies that protect against GIC-induced power disruptions while maintaining power to consumers.
	Artificial intelligence plus your cell phone means better maps of earth In 2019, the GLOBE Land Cover project began asking volunteers to help map planet Earth by taking photos of their surroundings facing multiple directions, including north, south, east and west. Now, a new paper published in the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation by Xiao Huang and colleagues demonstrates how to combine these images using Artificial Intelligence (AI).
	Increasing frozen food temperature by 3°C could enhance global food chain sustainability, say experts Research involving Cranfield University's Dr. Natalia Falagan is proposing a measure to significantly reduce carbon emissions across the frozen food industry.
	The short-term rain forecast system is broken. Can AI do a better job of predicting deadly floods? The floods that killed 20 people in Waverly, Tennessee, and the surrounding area came with little warning.
	Method for containing toxins from mine waste could protect drinking water, prevent cancer Imagine an abandoned mine site, surrounded by dead trees and dotted with dark, red ponds with no signs of aquatic life. This is the result of mine waste left in the environment that gets weathered by water and air. With exposure to the elements over time, the waste produces toxic substances such as arsenic and lead.
	Unlocking a climate puzzle: Study reveals hidden physics in quasi-linear temperature-radiation link Curious about what drives Earth's climate sensitivity? A recent study in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences explores the complex links transforming the relationship between surface temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from quartic to quasi-linear.
	Opinion: COP28 president is wrong—science clearly shows fossil fuels must go (and fast) According to the president of COP28, the latest round of UN climate negotiations in the United Arab Emirates, there is "no science" indicating that phasing out fossil fuels is necessary to restrict global heating to 1.5°C.
	Toxic air divides Delhi between poverty and privilege Environmental change hits the poorest the hardest, experts say, and in India's toxic smog-filled capital that includes the air people breathe.
	Eight dead as cyclone batters India's southeast coast Chest-high waters surged down the streets of India's southern city Chennai on Tuesday with eight people killed in intense floods as Cyclone Michaung was set to make landfall on the southeast coast.
	Saudi Arabia says 'absolutely not' to oil phase down at COP28 Saudi Arabia's energy minister has slammed the door shut to agreeing to phase down fossil fuels at the UN's COP28 climate talks, setting the stage for difficult negotiations in Dubai.
	After a mild fire year, Southern California crews look ahead to 2024 On a cool, cloudy morning one day last week, Albert Rivas approached a pile of dry wood in the Angeles National Forest and set it on fire.
	Climate change by numbers As countries try to hammer out a response to climate change at the COP28 talks in Dubai, here are some key figures about how fossil fuels have warmed our world.
	Researcher: With a cruel summer ahead, why is Australia so unprepared? 2023 has shattered climate records, accompanied by extreme weather that has left a trail of devastation and despair, according to the World Meteorological Organization at COP 28. Some of the most significant extreme heat events were in southern Europe and North Africa, especially in the second half of July. Temperatures in Italy reached 48.2°C, and record-high temperatures were reported in Tunis (Tunisia) 49.0°C, Agadir (Morocco) 50.4°C and Algiers (Algeria) 49.2°C.
	Satellite observations reveal latitudinal variability and asymmetry in local temperature responses to land cover changes Land cover changes (LCCs) affect surface temperatures at local scale through biophysical processes. However, limited by the coarse spatial resolution of available data, past observation-based studies mainly focused on the potential effects of virtual afforestation/deforestation using the space-for-time assumption. Prof. Li and his team first generated a high-resolution temperature dataset and then explored the actual effects of all types of realistic LCCs by adopting the space-and-time scheme and utilizing extensive satellite observations.

Astronomy and Space news

	New warm Jupiter exoplanet discovered An international team of astronomers has discovered a new warm Jupiter exoplanet orbiting a distant G-type star. The newfound alien world, designated TOI-4515 b, is similar in size to Jupiter but about two times more massive than it. The finding was detailed in a paper published Nov. 20 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Interpreting the afterglow of a black hole's breakfast An entirely new way to probe how active black holes behave when they eat has been discovered by an international team of astronomers.
	Radio signals unveil secrets of massive galaxies Black holes—the cosmic behemoths known for powering some of the brightest radio wave sources in the universe—were the focal point of a study led by Associate Professor Michael Brown, from the School of Physics and Astronomy at Monash University.
	Unlocking neutron star rotation anomalies: Insights from quantum simulation A collaboration between quantum physicists and astrophysicists, led by Francesca Ferlaino and Massimo Mannarelli, has achieved a significant breakthrough in understanding neutron star glitches. They were able to numerically simulate this enigmatic cosmic phenomenon with ultracold dipolar atoms. This research, now published in Physical Review Letters, establishes a strong link between quantum mechanics and astrophysics and paves the way for quantum simulation of stellar objects from Earth.
	Saturn's icy moon may hold the building blocks of life As astrophysics technology and research continue to advance, one question persists: is there life elsewhere in the universe? The Milky Way galaxy alone has hundreds of billions of celestial bodies, but scientists often look for three crucial elements in their ongoing search: water, energy, and organic material. Evidence indicates that Saturn's icy moon Enceladus is an 'ocean world' that contains all three, making it a prime target in the search for life.
	Astronomers determine the age of three mysterious baby stars at the heart of the Milky Way Through analysis of high-resolution data from a 10-meter telescope in Hawaii, researchers at Lund University in Sweden have succeeded in generating new knowledge about three stars at the very heart of the Milky Way. The stars proved to be unusually young with a puzzling chemical composition that surprised the researchers.
	Was going to space a good idea? In 1963, six years after the first satellite was launched, editors from the Encyclopedia Britannica posed a question to five eminent thinkers of the day: "Has man's conquest of space increased or diminished his stature?" The respondents were philosopher Hannah Arendt, writer Aldous Huxley, theologian Paul Tillich, nuclear scientist Harrison Brown and historian Herbert J. Muller.
	SETI: How we're searching for alien life at previously unexplored frequencies Is there life beyond Earth? The question has turned out to be one of the hardest to answer in science. Despite the seemingly boundless expanse of the universe, which implies there's potential for abundant life, the vast distances between stars render the search akin to locating a needle in a cosmic haystack.
	Top space telescope from Europe seeks to solve riddles of the universe EU researchers expect unprecedented insights into galaxies from the study of a mysterious energy force.
	Image: Hubble views a double cluster of glowing galaxies This Hubble image features a massive cluster of brightly glowing galaxies, first identified as Abell 3192. Like all galaxy clusters, this one is suffused with hot gas that emits powerful X-rays, and it is enveloped in a halo of invisible dark matter. All this unseen material—not to mention the many galaxies visible in this image—comprises such a huge amount of mass that the galaxy cluster noticeably curves spacetime around it, making it into a gravitational lens. Smaller galaxies behind the cluster appear distorted into long, warped arcs around the cluster's edges.
	Red sprites are best seen from space Planet Earth is full of some truly awe-inspiring spectacles, but few are as intriguing as sprites, which are officially known as a transient luminous event (TLE) and consist of large-scale electric discharges that shoot upward while occurring above the cloud tops in the Earth's mesosphere at approximate altitudes of 50–90 km (31–56 mi).
	Will wide binaries be the end of MOND? It's a fact that many of us have churned out during public engagement events that at least 50% of all stars are part of binary star systems. Some of them are simply stunning to look at; others present headaches with complex orbits in multiple star systems. Now, it seems wide binary stars are starting to shake the foundations of physics as they question the very theory of gravity.
	Europa clipper could help discover if Jupiter's moon is habitable Since 1979, when the Voyager probes flew past Jupiter and its system of moons, scientists have speculated about the possibility of life within Europa. Based on planetary modeling, Europa is believed to be differentiated between a rocky and metallic core, an icy crust and mantle, and a liquid-water ocean that could be 100 to 200 km (62 to 124 mi) deep. Scientists theorize that this ocean is maintained by tidal flexing, where interaction with Jupiter's powerful gravitational field leads to geological activity in Europa's core and hydrothermal vents at the core-mantle boundary.
	NASA's interstellar mapping probe prepares for a 2025 launch Engineers at NASA have completed an important milestone in developing the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) spacecraft. It's now moving from development and design to the assembly, testing, and integration phase, targeting a launch in late Spring 2025. After launch, the spacecraft will fly to the Earth-sun L1 Lagrange Point and analyze how the sun's solar wind interacts with charged particles originating from outside the solar system.
	Exploring the limitations of asteroid crater lakes as climate archives In southern Germany just north of the Danube, there lies a large circular depression between the hilly surroundings: the Nördlinger Ries. Almost 15 million years ago, an asteroid struck this spot. Today, the impact crater is one of the most useful analogs for asteroid craters on early Mars.

Technology news

	Reconfigurable molybdenum ditelluride devices with multiple functions Over the past decades, electronics engineers have been trying to develop increasingly smaller and highly performing field effect transistors (FETs) with multiple functions. FETs are crucial components of most electronics on the market today, which can control the electrical current flowing through devices.
	Exposure to soft robots decreases human fears about working with them Seeing robots made with soft, flexible parts in action appears to lower people's anxiety about working with them or even being replaced by them.
	Harvesting water from air with solar power More than 2.2 billion people currently live in water-stressed countries, and the United Nations estimates that 3.5 million die every year from water-related diseases. Because the areas most in need of improved drinking water are also located in some of the sunniest places in the world, there is strong interest in harnessing sunlight to help obtain clean water.
	Laser additive manufacturing: Listening for defects as they happen Researchers from EPFL have resolved a long-standing debate surrounding laser additive manufacturing processes with a pioneering approach to defect detection.
	New reporting method may improve cities' responses to resident service calls Researchers from Cornell Tech have developed a method to identify delays in the reporting of incidents such as downed trees and power lines, which could lead to practical insights and interventions for more equitable, efficient government service.
	Meta, IBM launch alliance to keep AI's future open Meta, IBM and dozens of startups and researchers have launched an alliance defending a more open and collaborative method to develop artificial intelligence, setting up a clash with OpenAI and Google over the technology's future.
	AI approach offers solutions to tricky optimization problems, from global package routing to power grid operation While Santa Claus may have a magical sleigh and nine plucky reindeer to help him deliver presents, for companies like FedEx, the optimization problem of efficiently routing holiday packages is so complicated that they often employ specialized software to find a solution.
	Lightning sparks scientists' design of ultraviolet-C device for food sanitization Scientists at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have developed a portable, self-powered ultraviolet-C device called the Tribo-sanitizer that can inactivate two of the bacteria responsible for many foodborne illnesses and deaths.
	GM's Cruise robotaxi service faces fine in alleged cover-up of San Francisco accident's severity California regulators are alleging a San Francisco robotaxi service owned by General Motors covered up the severity of an accident involving one of its driverless cars, raising the specter they may add a fine to the recent suspension of its California license.
	AI's future could be 'open-source' or closed. Tech giants are divided as they lobby regulators Tech leaders have been vocal proponents of the need to regulate artificial intelligence, but they're also lobbying hard to make sure the new rules work in their favor.
	'Grand Theft Auto VI' trailer drops, flagging 2025 release Millions of video game fans got their first glimpse Tuesday of "Grand Theft Auto VI", after a trailer landed on YouTube promising the first woman lead character and a 2025 release date for the latest installment of one of the world's biggest entertainment franchises.
	Grand Theft Auto VI: What we learned from the trailer Fans around the world exploded with excitement Monday when Rockstar Games released the first trailer for Grand Theft Auto VI—the most hotly anticipated game of the decade.
	Making table tennis accessible for blind players Table tennis has been played for decades as a more accessible version of tennis. The sport is particularly beginner-friendly while maintaining a rich level of competitive play. However, like many sports, it remains inaccessible to people who are blind or have low vision.
	Recycling concrete using carbon can reduce emissions and waste Amid the rubble of large-sale earthquake, war or other disaster—and as aging buildings and infrastructure are replaced—mountains of concrete are often taken to landfill or pounded into rubble for roads.
	Novel microsensor improves simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements Simultaneous measurements of the pressure and temperature find diverse applications in various fields including aerospace, environmental monitoring, and biomedical engineering.
	Wikipedia, wrapped. Here are 2023's most-viewed articles on the internet's encyclopedia Remember what you searched for in 2023? Well, Wikipedia has the receipts.
	Apple, Disney and other big brands are pulling X ads—why Elon Musk's latest 'firestorm' could bring down the company Elon Musk's recent endorsement of an antisemitic conspiracy theory on X (formerly Twitter) is the latest in a series of controversial statements the owner of the social media platform has made since he acquired it in 2022. Major brands, including Disney, Apple, and Microsoft, have decided to pause or suspend their advertising spending on X in recent weeks.
	Graphene oxide study strengthens the case for smart concrete Engineers have added graphene oxide to cement mixture to make stronger 3D-printed concrete that is easier to print, paving the way to create potential "smart" walls that can monitor cracks.
	How a hybrid heating system could lower your bills and shrink your carbon footprint To heat your home without damaging the climate, you will need to replace your gas boiler. UK government advisers recommend switching to appliances that run on electricity.
	Research helps power plants recycle water using wastewater from oil and gas mining Simulations from West Virginia University researchers demonstrate their use of two kinds of industrial wastewater to decontaminate each other has the potential to slash a power plant's total water use.
	Building blocks? Cutting pollution from steel, concrete and aluminum They hold modern life together in everything from airplane parts to apartment blocks, but steel, concrete and aluminum come with a hefty climate cost that the world could be paying for decades.
	A data acquisition mechanism that maximizes platforms' utility while compensating privacy-sensitive users The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning is increasing the demand for data from app users, device owners, firms, consumers, and even patients. As data-hungry technologies are getting more and more efficient, the key question is how to incentivize data-sharing while protecting users' privacy, said Ali Makhdoumi, an associate professor of decision sciences at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business.
	Artificial intelligence makes gripping of prosthetic hands more intuitive Artificial hands can be operated via app or with sensors placed in the muscles of the forearm. New research from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) shows that a better understanding of muscle activity patterns in the forearm supports a more intuitive and natural control of artificial limbs. This requires a network of 128 sensors and AI-based techniques.
	Researchers develop reprogrammable bistable soft gripper for enhanced human-machine interaction Soft grippers have advantages in human-machine interactions, but most of them suffer from low response time. Bistable structures could improve this characteristic, but the performance of current bistable grippers is limited by their predefined structural parameters and grasping modes.
	Q&A: Cracking the code to holiday travel with the 'Steffen Method' As Jason Steffen will tell you, the job of an astrophysicist is never done. It just keeps expanding—much like the universe.
	23andMe says hackers saw data from millions of users Personal genetics firm 23andMe on Tuesday confirmed that hackers using stolen passwords accessed the personal information about 6.9 million of its members.
	Addicted to your phone? New tool identifies overuse of digital media The rapidly evolving nature of digital media presents a challenge for those who study digital addiction—social networks like TikTok and video games like Fortnite might be popular now, but they could be irrelevant in a matter of years. A new tool developed by researchers from Binghamton University, State University of New York will make it easier for clinicians and researchers to measure digital media addiction as new technologies emerge.
	The OpenAI saga demonstrates how big corporations dominate the shaping of our technological future The dramatic firing and reinstatement of Sam Altman as boss of OpenAI was more than a power shuffle. It was a glimpse at the overwhelming influence that big corporations—and a few individuals—possess when it comes to shaping the direction of artificial intelligence.
	Regulators begin hearings on how much customers should pay for Georgia nuclear reactors Georgia Power Co. is urging the state's utility regulators to approve a deal to pay for the company's new nuclear reactors as a few holdout opponents keep fighting to try to get the Public Service Commission to keep the utility from collecting any cost overruns for the two reactors at Plant Vogtle.
	Grand Theft Auto: built for the long haul In a video game industry known for cranking out sequels, Rockstar Games has cashed in big by making "Grand Theft Auto" fans painfully wait for their next fix of the shoot 'em up blockbuster.
	'Grand Theft Auto' in numbers Gamers got their first glimpse on Tuesday of a trailer for the sixth edition of "Grand Theft Auto", a testosterone-fueled franchise that has been lighting up screens since 1997.
	US YouTuber who staged plane crash jailed for six months A daredevil YouTuber who deliberately crashed his plane to boost the number of viewers on his channel and then lied about it to investigators has been jailed for six months after reaching a plea deal, US authorities said Monday.
	Premier League announces record $8.45 bn domestic TV deal The Premier League announced on Monday it had agreed a record £6.7 billion ($8.45 billion) domestic television rights deal for a four-year period starting from the 2025/26 season.
	Canada's public broadcaster to cut 10% of workforce Canada's public broadcaster on Monday announced it would cut 600 jobs, or 10 percent of its workforce, as it confronts financial challenges sparked by a drop in television ad revenues and competition from digital news outlets.
	Grand Theft Auto VI leak followed by an official trailer with a twist: A release date of 2025 The highly-anticipated trailer for Grand Theft Auto VI arrived a little early after a copy was leaked online.
	'Bad buzz': How video games learnt to embrace diversity The most notorious, violent and often sexist video game "Grand Theft Auto" is finally dropping a playable woman character into its testosterone-fueled world, capping a wider trend towards more inclusivity in the gaming industry.
	Report: Key measures could slash predicted 2050 emissions from cooling sector Taking key measures to reduce the power consumption of cooling equipment would cut at least 60 percent off predicted 2050 sectoral emissions, provide universal access to life-saving cooling, take the pressure off energy grids and save trillions of dollars by 2050, according to a new report published during the COP28 climate talks in Dubai.
	We need a global policy to encourage low-carbon construction, researcher says International collaboration to create standards and policies for the construction industry is vital to bring down the industry's carbon footprint, argues Professor Matti Kuittinen of Aalto University in a paper published in Buildings & Cities.

Chemistry news

	Study identifies key ingredient for affordable fuel cell catalysts To make fuel cells more affordable, researchers have spent decades searching for low-cost catalysts to replace platinum and other expensive metals.
	Chemists create organic molecules in a rainbow of colors that could be useful as organic light-emitting diodes Chains of fused carbon-containing rings have unique optoelectronic properties that make them useful as semiconductors. These chains, known as acenes, can also be tuned to emit different colors of light, which makes them good candidates for use in organic light-emitting diodes.
	Breakthrough in the synthesis of artificial cells A study published in Nature Chemistry reveals a remarkable leap in the synthesis of artificial cells using synthetic materials, which was achieved by an international team led by Dr. Andrea Belluati, Prof. Nico Bruns (both TU Darmstadt) and Dr. Sètuhn Jimaja (University of Fribourg).
	Polyoxometalates show promise as drug transporters into the cell A research team from the University of Vienna, in collaboration with the Constructor University in Bremen, showed that polyoxometalates (POMs) can transport biologically relevant cargo through biological membranes. The study was recently published in Advanced Materials . It will help position POMs as components of next-generation medicines, revolutionizing the field of drug delivery.
	Identifying vintage wines by their chemical signature Does every wine carry its own chemical signature and, if so, can this be used to identify its origin? Many specialists have tried to solve this mystery, without fully succeeding. By applying artificial intelligence tools to existing data, a team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE), in collaboration with the Institute of Vine and Wine Science at the University of Bordeaux, has succeeded in identifying with 100% accuracy the chemical mark of red wines from seven major estates in the Bordeaux region.
	Novel mineral piezocatalysts offer innovative approaches for soil remediation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal in the soil environment is of great significance for repairing the long-term damaged ecosystem. However, the poor mass transfer process and low catalytic activity in most conventional methods lead to limited removal efficiency.
	Recent advances in built-in electric-field-assisted photocatalytic dry reforming of methane Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the two main greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Dry reforming of methane (DRM) technology can simultaneously utilize two greenhouse gases to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), meaning DRM is one of the ideal strategies for reducing the greenhouse effect.
	Scientists develop a new high-efficiency mercury removal photocatalyst Scientists from Shanghai University of Electric Power of College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering have developed a new high-efficiency mercury removal photocatalyst.

Biology news

	Study proposes new explanation for California anchovy booms and busts New research from Scripps and NOAA scientists has discovered ecological correlations that could help explain the booms and busts of California's anchovy population. If the correlations hold up to further research, they could one day help inform management of California's anchovy fishery and improve conservation.
	Mice pass the mirror test, a classic indicator of self-recognition Researchers report December 5 in the journal Neuron that mice display behavior that resembles self-recognition when they see themselves in the mirror. When the researchers marked the foreheads of black-furred mice with a spot of white ink, the mice spent more time grooming their heads in front of the mirror—presumably to try and wash away the ink spot. However, the mice only showed this self-recognition-like behavior if they were already accustomed to mirrors, if they had socialized with other mice who looked like them, and if the ink spot was relatively large.
	New enzyme allows CRISPR technologies to accurately target almost all human genes A team of engineers at Duke University have developed a method to broaden the reach of CRISPR technologies. While the original CRISPR system could only target 12.5% of the human genome, the new method expands access to nearly every gene to potentially target and treat a broader range of diseases through genome engineering.
	Circadian stress response provides an insight into metabolic communication via the mitochondrial epigenome Who needs science fiction when you have the mitochondria? Billions of years ago, early plant and animal cells were infected by protobacteria which sought refuge from the outside world. Over time, these bacteria formed a symbiosis with our ancestors, removing damaging oxygen from their cells while receiving nutrition and a home in return.
	How a pathogenic bacterium uses molecular mimicry to compromise a cell's protein building factory The central dogma of molecular biology postulates that the information packets encoded within the molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are first transcribed into molecules of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs), and then subsequently translated/decoded to generate molecules called proteins.
	Sugar permeation discovered in plant aquaporins Aquaporins, which move water through membranes of plant cells, were not thought to be able to permeate sugar molecules, but University of Adelaide researchers have observed sucrose transport in plant aquaporins for the first time, challenging this theory.
	From infamy to ingenuity—bacterial hijack mechanisms as advanced genetic tools Researchers have uncovered the intricate molecular mechanism used by parasitic phytoplasma bacteria, known for inducing "zombie-like" effects in plants. This detailed revelation opens new horizons for groundbreaking applications in biotechnology and even in biomedicine.
	'Shocking' discovery: Electricity from electric eels may transfer genetic material to nearby animals The electric eel is the biggest power-making creature on Earth. It can release up to 860 volts, which is enough to run a machine. In a recent study, a research group from Nagoya University in Japan found electric eels can release enough electricity to genetically modify small fish larvae. They published their findings in PeerJ.
	'Inert' ingredients in pesticides may be more toxic to bees than scientists thought Bees help pollinate over a third of the world's crops, contributing an estimated US$235 billion to $577 billion in value to global agriculture. They also face a myriad of stresses, including pathogens and parasites, loss of suitable food sources and habitat, air pollution, and climate-driven weather extremes.
	Humans, rats and dogs pushed the takahē into Fiordland—new genetic research maps its dramatic journey Takahē are a striking bird and a national treasure in Aotearoa New Zealand. But the history and origin story of this flightless swamp hen have become a point of scientific debate.
	Building boom boosts malaria-carrying, invasive mosquito in Ethiopia, evidence shows A malaria-carrying mosquito that thrives in urban environments is moving into Africa where a construction boom may be one factor helping the newcomer feel at home.
	'Friendly' hyenas are more likely to form mobs, research shows After more than 35 years of surveillance, Michigan State University researchers are exposing some of the secret workings of mobs. To be clear, these mobs are made up of spotted hyenas.
	Bacteria's mucus maneuvers: Study reveals how snot facilitates infection Sniffles, snorts and blows of runny noses are the hallmarks of cold and flu season—and that increase in mucus is exactly what bacteria use to mount a coordinated attack on the immune system, according to a new study from researchers at Penn State. The team found that the thicker the mucus, the better the bacteria are able to swarm. The findings could have implications for treatments that reduce the ability of bacteria to spread.
	Study finds plant nurseries are exacerbating the climate-driven spread of 80% of invasive species Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently published a pair of papers that, together, provide the most detailed maps to date of how 144 common invasive plants species will react to 2° Celsius of climate change in the eastern U.S., as well as the role that garden centers currently play in seeding future invasions.
	The silver bullet that wasn't: Glyphosate's declining weed control over 25 years It has been a quarter century since corn and soybeans were engineered to withstand the withering mists of the herbicide glyphosate. Initially heralded as a "silver bullet" for weed control, the modified crops and their herbicide companion were quickly and widely adopted across corn and soybean-growing regions of North America. In the following years, though, weeds targeted for eradication quietly fomented a rebellion.
	American Eel as an emerging consumer target Research led by Hiromi Shiraishi, a researcher at Chuo University, indicated a steep rise in the importation of American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) live fry to East Asia for aquaculture purposes. This surge poses a potential threat to the already endangered species, further depleting the resources of this species.
	Bird feeding may give humans something to chirp about Associate professor in the Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Tech, Ashley Dayer is the lead author of an article published in People and Nature that argues not only for the acknowledgment of the activity's benefit to humans, but that it should play a role in public guidance and policy.
	Wellington welcomes first wild-born kiwi chicks in a century Conservationists in New Zealand celebrated on Tuesday after discovering that kiwi chicks had been born in the wilds around Wellington for the first time in more than a century.
	No lettuce for Florida manatees this winter: Experts end feeding trial after two years For the past two winters, Florida wildlife biologists have experimented hand-feeding lettuce to hungry manatees in the Indian River Lagoon as the animals' natural food source, seagrass, was in short supply from pollution problems.
	Ice cores as a source for antimicrobials: From bioprospecting to biodesign In November 2023, BioDesign Research published a perspective article titled "Ice Cores as a Source for Antimicrobials: From Bioprospecting to Biodesign," outlining a revolutionary approach to antibiotic discovery using ice cores. This innovative article comes at a pivotal time, as the golden age of antibiotic discovery has passed and the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is looming, projected to cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050.
	BF23 bacteriophage study reveals that viruses can cope with bacterial restriction and modification Bacteriophages are natural "predators" and enemies of bacteria. They are able to recognize specific types of bacteria and are considered safe for humans. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics, bacteriophages have recently been considered as a possible alternative to antibiotics.
	Using machine learning to identify microbiota patterns important for plant protection In a recent study published in Nature Communications, the Vorholt lab investigated the properties of plant microbiota involved in host protection against pathogen colonization. They identified the presence of specific strains that confer robust protection across different biotic contexts.
	Research shows how important protein keeps our cell membranes in balance Lipids are the main constituents of our cell membranes, which are formed as lipid bilayers. The distribution of lipids is far from uniform; it is asymmetric, with different lipid compositions in the outside and inside layers. This asymmetry is essential for a variety of cellular functions, from maintaining membrane homeostasis to enabling cell signaling and numerous other physiological processes at or across membranes.
	How a thumb-sized climate migrant with a giant crab claw is disrupting the Northeast's Great Marsh ecosystem Nine years ago, I stood on the muddy banks of the Great Marsh, a salt marsh an hour north of Boston, and pulled a thumb-sized crab with an absurdly large claw out of a burrow. I was looking at a fiddler crab—a species that wasn't supposed to be north of Cape Cod, let alone north of Boston.
	New study finds that male pathology in songbirds drives avian epidemic dynamics New findings by biological sciences researchers at the University of Arkansas indicate that males play an outsized role in both the infection rate and spread of the avian bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum, a common cause of conjunctivitis in songbirds, particularly those that use bird feeders. Indeed, experiments revealed that male canaries have shorter incubation periods, longer recovery periods and higher pathogen loads than females.
	A forestry scientist explains how to choose the most sustainable Christmas tree, no matter what it's made of Every year, Americans buy somewhere between 35 million and 50 million Christmas trees, and many more pull an artificial tree out of storage for the season. In all, about three-quarters of U.S. households typically have some kind of Christmas tree, surveys show.
	Why iconic trees are so important to us—and how replacing those that fall is often complicated An ancient kola tree has been cut down in southern Ghana. Local tradition held that the tree had grown on the spot where spiritual leader Komfo Anokye had spat a kola nut onto the ground three centuries previously.
	Securing the global food supply despite EU regulations Researchers at the University of Bayreuth have compiled information to help political decision-makers better understand the individual options for a new EU-wide regulation of breeding technologies. The aim is to ensure the success of food producers in the EU on the global market. The scientists' findings have now been published in the journal Nature Plants and will be incorporated into the current debate on a draft law by the EU Commission.
	What does Australian-grown coffee taste like, and how does it compare? Research describes its unique 'terroir' Australians love their coffee, and many can barely live without it. According to Statista, we consumed an average of about 2kg of coffee per person in 2022. Yet it's estimated less than 1% of this coffee is grown in Australia.
	Rats are more human than you think—and they certainly like being around us Rats have a somewhat unfortunate tendency to enjoy living where people live. That's how a biologist tried to explain people's hatred for the rodents in a television news feature about rats gnawing electrical cables in parked cars in the southern Swedish town of Malmö.
	Green macroalga caulerpa has replaced seagrass in Florida's Indian River Lagoon The Indian River Lagoon was considered one of the last "unpolluted coastal lagoons" in Florida in the 1970s. Fast forward to today and most of the 156-mile lagoon is now considered impaired because of external sources of nutrients, including human waste, fertilizers, stormwater runoff, agriculture, rainfall, and sub-marine groundwater discharge.
	Will Japanese encephalitis return this summer? What about other diseases mosquitoes spread? The last two summers have been swarming with mosquitoes thanks to near constant rain and flooding brought on by La Niña.
	Revolutionizing biorefineries: Advancing toward sustainable third-generation technologies in CO₂ utilization The evolution of biorefineries, shifting from sugar-based and biomass feedstocks to third-generation (3G) technologies, marks significant progress toward sustainable development. 3G biorefineries use microbial cell factories or enzymatic systems to convert one-carbon (C1) sources such as CO2 into value-added chemicals, powered by renewable energies.
	Identifying the fish species present in a river based on traces of their DNA As they swim around, fish leave DNA fragments behind them, for example via their skin or their excrements. Once collected and analyzed, these indicators allow scientists to determine all the species present in the environment. What's more, the method is precise, simpler and less harmful to the fish than the electrofishing generally used for this purpose.
	A deep-learning framework for drug–drug interactions and drug–target interactions prediction Exploring the biomedical interactions for chemical compounds and protein targets is crucial for drug discovery. Determining these drug–drug interactions (DDI) and drug–target interactions (DTI) not only reveals the potential synergistic effects of drug combinations and improves drug efficacy, but also contributes to drug reuse, reduces drug development costs, and improves drug development efficiency. Therefore, predicting interactions among drugs and drug targets is an important topic in the field of drug discovery.
	Much effort, little prey: Poor foraging success drives bats away from cities While some wildlife species thrive well in cities, it's harder for large, insectivorous bat species to find enough food. To get their fill, city-dwelling common noctules (Nyctalus noctula) have to hunt longer than their rural counterparts and yet they catch fewer insects. While rural bats hunt together, their urban counterparts regularly forage alone. These findings, published in the journal Global Change Biology, are the results of a new investigation led by PD Dr. Christian Voigt and Dr. Laura Stidsholt from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (Leibniz-IZW).
	Dunes and native plants to sprout next year on a California's harbor beach A relatively low-budget project has received a $57,000 state grant to restore sand dunes and native plants next year to spots along Oceanside's North Strand and Harbor Beach.
	Forecasting forest health using models to predict tree canopy height Tree height is an important indicator of a forest's maturity and overall health. Forest restoration projects rely on tree height as a predictor and measurement of success, but forecasting a forest's future tree height based on observations alone is almost impossible. Too many factors contribute to the growth and health of trees.
	Green turtles fight to survive against Pakistan's urban sprawl Against the backdrop of the mega port city of Karachi, choked with traffic and construction, four green turtles emerge from the frothy Arabian Sea seeking a spot to lay their eggs.
	Chinese scientists reveal novel mechanism of angiosperm self-incompatibility Self-incompatibility (SI) is a widespread intraspecific reproductive barrier in flowering plants, a system for rejecting self-pollen to prevent seed set after self-pollination. In Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae, Rosaceae, and Rutaceae, the SI system is controlled by a single polymorphic S-locus that encodes the linked pollen factor S-locus F-box box proteins (SLFs) and pistil factor S-RNase components.

Medicine and Health news

	Knocking out part of the innate immune system to improve cancer therapy Researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China, have discovered that shutting down part of the innate immune system increases anti-tumor activity.
	Unlocking the secrets of the brain's dopaminergic system A new organoid model of the dopaminergic system sheds lights on its intricate functionality and potential implications for Parkinson's disease. The model, developed by the group of Jürgen Knoblich at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, replicates the dopaminergic system's structure, connectivity, and functionality.
	Using mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons for the treatment of Parkinson's patients The future treatment of Parkinson's Disease has undergone tremendous development in recent years. Now, a breakthrough in research has emerged, delivering the strongest results for both side-effect-free and long-lasting treatment effects.
	Enhanced AI tracks neurons in moving animals Recent advances allow imaging of neurons inside freely moving animals. However, to decode circuit activity, these imaged neurons must be computationally identified and tracked. This becomes particularly challenging when the brain itself moves and deforms inside an organism's flexible body, e.g., in a worm. Until now, the scientific community has lacked the tools to address the problem.
	Eye scans can provide crucial insights into kidney health, study finds 3D eye scans can reveal vital clues about kidney health that could help to track the progression of disease, research suggests. The advance could revolutionize the monitoring of kidney disease, which often progresses without symptoms in the early stages.
	New therapeutic strategies for spinal muscular atrophy Modulating the activity of a kinase in motor neurons may help mitigate mitochondrial defects and other symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy, offering a new therapeutic avenue for the devastating disease, according to a Northwestern Medicine study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
	Pregnant women are missing vital nutrients, a situation that could worsen with plant-based foods Pregnant women are not getting the essential nutrients they and their babies need from modern diets say scientists, who have warned that the situation will likely worsen as more people turn to plant-based foods.
	Researchers develop a blood test to identify individuals at risk of developing Parkinson's disease Research carried out at Oxford's Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences has led to the development of a new blood-based test to identify the pathology that triggers Parkinson's disease before the main symptoms occur. This could allow clinicians to screen for those individuals at high risk of developing the disease and facilitate the timely introduction of precision therapies that are currently at clinical trial stage.
	Scientists shed light on mysteries associated with infertility Scientists attacking the problem of high miscarriage rates have long wondered if there is a way to tell whether an egg cell will successfully develop into an embryo and grow or if there is a marker indicating when it is destined to fail.
	Medicare is overpaying for generic drugs: Study Medicare is the single largest provider of health insurance in the United States, serving 63.8 million senior citizens as of 2022. Three-quarters of these recipients are enrolled in optional Medicare Part D plans, which provide outpatient prescription drug coverage to seniors through private insurance companies. In 2022, Medicare paid more than $160 Billion for prescription drugs, making it the single largest payer of pharmaceuticals in the US.
	Promising results for a new bowel cancer treatment A new tablet treatment called divarasib has shown it is very effective in treating a challenging type of bowel (colorectal) cancer associated with the KRAS G12C mutation.
	Study suggests greeting strangers can boost happiness levels A team of psychologists at Sabanci University, in Turkey, working with a colleague from the University of Sussex, in the U.K., has found that people simply saying "hello" to strangers they encounter can lead to increased life satisfaction. In their study, reported in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, the group queried two large groups of people regarding their encounters with strangers and how they graded their own level of life satisfaction.
	Study affirms benefit of very early antiretroviral therapy within hours of birth for newborns with HIV A study of more than 50 babies in Africa, Asia, North America and South America has added substantially to evidence that giving antiretroviral therapy (ART) to newborns with HIV within the first days—rather than within weeks or months—of life can safely suppress amounts of HIV in the blood to undetectable levels.
	Cell-type-specific genetic risk contributes to distinct stages of Alzheimer's disease progression, finds study Developing treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult because complex underlying mechanisms drive different types of cells that may contribute to the disorder. Microglia and astrocytes, resident immune and support cells in the central nervous system, are known to exclusively express several genes linked to the risk of AD—particularly AD dementia.
	Under-the-skin implant could treat type I diabetes A collaboration between researchers from Cornell and University of Alberta, Edmonton, has created a new technique to treat type 1 diabetes: implanting a device inside a pocket under the skin that can secrete insulin while avoiding the immunosuppression that typically stymies management of the disease.
	New study highlights COVID-19's adaptive strategy for infection Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, can vary its mode of infection in human cells. In work published in the journal eLife, a team from the University of Minnesota and the Midwest Antiviral Drug Discovery (AViDD) Center found the virus can alternate between being highly infectious and avoiding detection by the immune system. This understanding is vital for grasping the virus' impact during the pandemic and for predicting its potential evolutionary developments.
	Reverse metabolomics: New method finds biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease In recent years, microbiome research has started to shift its focus from the microbes themselves to the molecules they produce. After all, it's these molecules that directly interact with human cells to influence a person's health. However, trying to identify which molecules are being made by a person's microbiome is quite challenging. A typical metabolomics study can only characterize about 10% of the molecular data from a human microbiome sample.
	A wearable ultrasound monitor that aids rehabilitation from injury Millions suffer from musculoskeletal injuries every year, and the recovery process can often be long and difficult. Patients typically undergo rehabilitation, slowly rebuilding muscle strength as their injuries heal.
	A farsighted approach to tackle nearsightedness Modern living may be contributing to an epidemic of nearsighted vision and related blindness. By 2050, it is estimated that half the world's population will suffer from low vision due to myopia, a condition where the eye grows too large and can no longer focus on objects in the distance. Human eyes, honed by evolution to survive in the wild, are ill-adapted to city living, contributing to increased cases of myopia, among other factors.
	Science award for young Cameroonian women's work on herbal medicine In Cameroon's rural north, very few girls go on to enjoy careers in science. Sabine Adeline Fanta Yadang, a neuroscience doctor, and Hadidjatou Dairou, Ph.D. student of cellular physiology, have overcome prejudice and smashed through the glass ceiling.
	What we know about autism—and how to treat it—could change after new UCSF study By fusing the power of artificial intelligence with new molecular techniques that also seem ripped from science fiction, researchers at UCSF have mapped the microscopic world of autism spectrum disorder in unprecedented detail, pointing toward possible therapies for a subset of patients who have specific genetic mutations, according to a new study.
	Pediatricians scramble for RSV shots amid shortage A steady stream of sick babies and worried parents started flowing into Dr. Monique Soileau-Burke's exam room in late October.
	Regrowing nerves and healing without scars? A scientist's career-long quest comes closer to fruition Ellen Heber-Katz thought the experiment was ruined.
	CAR-T therapies not cost-effective for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma For patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies (CAR-T) axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) are not cost-effective, according to a study published online Dec. 5 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Statin use increased from 1999–2000 to 2013–2014, then plateaued Overall statin use for primary prevention increased since 1999 to 2000 but has plateaued since 2013 to 2014, according to a research letter published online Dec. 5 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	No increased suicide risk observed for isotretinoin users Isotretinoin users do not have an increased risk for suicide or psychiatric disorders and may have a lower risk for suicide attempts, according to a review published online Nov. 29 in JAMA Dermatology.
	Report highlights continuing inequalities in access to dementia care and treatment across Europe In a report launched at a lunch debate hosted by Deirdre Clune MEP (Ireland), Alzheimer Europe highlighted the continuing inequalities in access to dementia care and treatment across Europe.
	State abortion access key factor in future US doctors' training (residency) choices, finds study State access to abortion is a key factor in choosing where to apply for residency (training) programs for around three out of four future US doctors, indicate the results of a survey published online in the Journal of Medical Ethics.
	Twice daily electrical stimulation may boost mental processes in Alzheimer's disease, clinical trial suggests Twice daily non-invasive electrical stimulation of the brain may boost mental processes (cognitive function) in people with Alzheimer's disease, suggest the results of a small clinical trial published online in the open access journal General Psychiatry.
	Study: Tobacco-related annual health care costs of US Minorities who smoke double that of white peers The annual tobacco-related health care spend of US Minorities who smoke is double that of white adults who smoke, finds an analysis of national health and medical spend survey data, published online in the journal Tobacco Control.
	Young age at first menstrual cycle linked to heightened diabetes risk in mid-life Starting menstrual cycles at a young age—before the age of 13—is linked to a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes in midlife, finds US research published online in the journal BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health.
	Tonsil, adenoid removal found to improve sleep quality, some behavioral problems in children with mild sleep apnea According to a randomized control trial led by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, surgery to remove tonsils and adenoid glands was associated with improved quality of life, sleep symptoms, and blood pressure 12-months post-surgery, but did not improve the children's neurodevelopmental functioning.
	Tumor heterogeneity and immune-evasive environment in malignant lymphoma at single-cell resolution Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have demonstrated that in T follicular helper cell lymphoma, a subgroup of hematologic malignancies, individual tumor cells are highly heterogeneous, even within the same patient.
	New implants could reduce infection and lead to better recovery from orthopedic surgery Superior knee and hip replacements are a step closer after Flinders University and Chinese researchers further test and develop a new orthopedic implant coating that has the strong ability to ward off infection—as well as stimulate bone growth.
	How three infectious disease agents evade the immune system COVID-19 cast a glaring spotlight on the devastating impact that infectious diseases can have on human health and society. At the height of the global pandemic, most of the world came to a standstill, and millions of lives were lost to the disease.
	France moves to ban 'sneaky' disposable e-cigarettes French parliament has backed a proposal to ban single-use electronic cigarettes, considered to be gateways to tobacco addiction for teenagers and harmful to the environment.
	Endometriosis: It's time to change the pattern of pain, stigma and barriers to diagnosis and treatment Endometriosis is a debilitating disease that affects an estimated one million Canadians. It involves the overgrowth of endometrial tissue (the tissue that lines the uterus), which typically sheds during menstruation and regrows to support reproduction.
	Christmas tree syndrome: Why the festive evergreen can make your nose run—and what you can do about it Decorating the Christmas tree is a beloved tradition for many of us during the festive season. While some people prefer using and reusing an artificial tree as an environmentally friendly way to enjoy the holiday spirit, others hunt instead for the perfect real tree to adorn with ornaments and cluster presents around.
	Childhood pneumonia is surging—while the germs causing it are known, the effects of co-infections aren't You may have heard reports about outbreaks of pneumonia affecting children in the Netherlands, Denmark and parts of the US and China, which are higher than usual for this time of year. Parents are keeping a watchful eye on the news, while public health officials monitor the global incidence of severe respiratory infections and record cases and causes. However, there is no new virus or other type of new pathogen to worry about in these outbreaks.
	Exercise benefits physical and brain health in people with Down's syndrome—new research Exercise is known to have many benefits when it comes to cognitive function—such as improving memory and concentration skills. Research shows this is true for people in many different age groups, and even in those with conditions which affect their cognitive ability (such as Alzheimer's disease).
	Collagen supplements may help improve the health of your tendons and bones, says researcher Collagen has become a popular ingredient in the skincare industry, with high-profile advocates such as Jennifer Aniston and the Kardashians taking it for its purported anti-aging benefits.
	Opinion: Psychiatrists should routinely write to patients after appointments Psychiatrists should routinely write to their patients about their care following appointments, according to a new opinion piece published on Dec. 4. Writing in the BMJ, Dr. Katharine Weetman from the University of Birmingham and Dr. Dave Martin from the University of Bristol and Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust make the case for regular correspondence between mental health clinicians and their patients, in the same way that other branches of medicine do.
	Study suggests that minds may wander less as we age We're all guilty of letting our minds wander when we're supposed to be doing something else. A little distraction is likely inevitable. But a study led by Matt Welhaf, a postdoctoral researcher in psychological and brain sciences in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, reveals a surprising trend: Our minds wander less as we age and, when older adults do let their minds drift, they're more likely to be distracted by pleasant thoughts rather than worries.
	Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists to treat substance and alcohol use disorders is promising, but premature, say researchers Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) originally formulated to treat diabetes, has gained traction as the latest and greatest weight loss drug. Among the hype, anecdotal observations from patients and providers alike have suggested the drug may also play a role in treating alcohol use disorder and other substance use disorders.
	Could antivirals reduce your risk of long COVID? Where the research is up to on prevention and treatment Evidence is continuing to accumulate on the burden and frequency of chronic effects after a COVID infection, which falls under the umbrella term "long COVID".
	Researchers identify altered functional brain connectivity in autism subtypes What happens in the brain to cause many neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), remains a mystery. A major limitation for researchers is the lack of biomarkers, or objective biological outputs, for these disorders and, in the case of ASD, for specific subtypes of the disease.
	Albuminuria reduction accounts for much of finerenone effect on CKD For patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes, early albuminuria reduction accounts for a large proportion of the treatment effect of finerenone against CKD progression, according to a study published online Dec. 5 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	New hope for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem affecting approximately 30% of people in Western countries and which has been in sharp increase over the last three decades.
	Sleep problems linked to heart health risks during and after menopause How well a woman sleeps—not just how long—as she transitions through menopause may affect her projected risk for heart disease and stroke, new research suggests.
	Finding a treatment option for tear duct obstruction that works for children Congenital tear duct obstruction (a blocked tear duct) is the most common cause of excessive tearing in infants and young children. Fortunately, most children require minimal treatment, but those with persistent symptoms can have a procedure to clear the blockage either in a clinician's office without anesthesia or in a surgical setting with anesthesia.
	Both virtual and in-person nutrition visits help to lower cholesterol, study finds Despite an end to the national public health emergency in May 2023, the use of telehealth remains high, with over 20% of American adults taking appointments online.
	Public health errors: Why it's crucial to understand what they are before assessing COVID-19 responses Joe Vipond, a Canadian emergency room physician who was a strong supporter of masking during the pandemic, said in a speech last year that the slow recognition that COVID-19 is spread by airborne transmission resulted in what is likely "the most egregious public health error in modern history."
	New study suggests more US lives could have been saved by authorizing COVID-19 booster sooner A new Northwestern University study—led by Bernard Black of Northwestern's Pritzker School of Law and Kellogg School of Management—suggests that the U.S. could have saved many lives by authorizing a COVID-19 booster dose sooner, along with stronger public health messaging. The study uses Israel as a counterfactual example of what the U.S. might have achieved.
	Dose matters: HIV drug could prevent coronaviruses, study finds Coronaviruses are a global public health risk, with three highly infectious species, including SARS-CoV-2, emerging in the last 20 years. New research by the University of Bristol has shown how an HIV drug could stop many coronavirus diseases, including the SARS-CoV-2 variants, when given to infected cells at the right concentration. The findings could strengthen the arsenal of antiviral drugs available to combat current and future coronavirus outbreaks.
	Reliable research and evidence-based recommendations scarce for women who exercise according to menstrual cycle There is no shortage of advice for women on what to eat, how to train, or what supplements to take during their menstrual cycles, but a new review by an international team of scientists has found little evidence to support such recommendations.
	WHO says time to hike alcohol, sugary drinks tax Countries need to increase their taxes on alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, saying too few states were using tax to incentivize healthier behaviors.
	Clinical trial finds common diabetes medication could help with treatment-resistant hypertension A common diabetes medication may help some patients with treatment-resistant hypertension slightly lower their high blood pressure and lessen their risk of heart failure events such as stroke, according to an analysis of a clinical trial published in Circulation.
	Fatty foods can impair the body's response to everyday stress, research suggests Eating fatty foods during stressful periods can impair the body's 'recovery' from the effects of stress, new research suggests.
	ChatGPT and rehab: A mystery that requires further investigation Whether it's a question of analyzing medical images, detecting drug interactions, or creating brain-computer interfaces, it seems like the potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the health care industry are endless.
	Racism, sexism, and the crisis of Black women's health Charlene Coyne often thinks back to how her mother, Donna, struggled with severe hypertension for most of her life, battling complications that led to a heart attack and stroke by the time Donna was in her thirties.
	Detecting side effects of new drugs on the heart more efficiently Scientists at the University Medical Center and the University of Göttingen have developed a novel method to predict the side effects of new drugs and therapeutic approaches on the heart more efficiently. The advantage: this method is already effective in a very early test phase, even before preclinical screening in the living organism. The results are published in Cardiovascular Research.
	Longer training programs less likely to cause injury to military recruits, study finds New Edith Cowan University (ECU) research has revealed that up to 1 in 4 military recruits would seek medical assistance for injury in one training period.
	Study shows wealth does not ensure equal levels of health across race, ethnicity Money may not buy happiness, as the saying goes, but it can buy health—to an extent. A new study from the University of Kansas has found that the same amount of wealth does not ensure the same level of positive health outcomes for everyone.
	Individually targeted therapies may improve treatment for psychosis A paper from the University of Southampton examining how best to treat psychosis has concluded that a greater range of individually targeted therapies could improve outcomes for patients.
	Neuron–glial interactions in the cerebellum involved in aggressive behavior, study shows Aggression is often associated as a negative emotion. Uncontrolled aggression can lead to conflict, violence and negative consequences for individuals and society. Yet that does not mean that aggression serves no purpose. It is an instinctive behavior found in many species that may be necessary for survival. The key is managing and channeling aggression.
	Mindfulness could help women with opioid use disorder better control drug urges A Rutgers pilot study sheds light on how mindfulness could prevent relapse in opioid-dependent women. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE)—a behavioral intervention that integrates training in mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies and savoring of natural rewards—could hold the key to mitigating relapse in women undergoing medically assisted opioid use disorder treatment, a Rutgers study found.
	Surgical labyrinthectomy efficient, safe for Meniere disease For patients with Meniere disease (MD), surgical labyrinthectomy (SL) is efficient and safe, according to a study published online Nov. 2 in the European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.
	Racial disparities seen in unmet treatment needs for pediatric mental health For children with mental health conditions, there are racial and ethnic disparities in unmet treatment needs, according to a study published online Dec. 5 in Pediatrics.
	Markers of inflammation can predict 180-day mortality in cirrhosis For patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis, markers of inflammation can predict 180-day mortality, but not liver-related admissions, according to a study published online Nov. 16 in Scientific Reports.
	Short sleep duration linked to all-cause mortality in apnea patients For patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), those sleeping less than seven hours have increased risk of all-cause mortality, according to a study published online Dec. 5 in JAMA Network Open.
	Older organs found to accelerate aging in transplant recipients in preclinical models Most organ transplantations involve supply from older donors to younger recipients. Aging cells can become senescent, a condition in which they stop multiplying and secrete chemicals that negatively affect neighboring cells. Senescent cells accumulate in older donor organs and have the potential to compromise transplant outcomes.
	Prohibition may have extended life for those born in dry counties Although widely considered a blunder of public policy, the alcohol prohibition laws of early 20th century America may have led to increased longevity for those born in places where alcohol was banned, according to new research from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
	Microparticles from the placenta may offer major clues on the in utero development of neurobehavioral disorders For 30 years, Cheryl Rosenfeld has studied how biological information gets transferred from mothers to babies during pregnancy. The research is personal for Rosenfeld, whose niece, Sara, was exposed to sedative drugs in utero. Although the little girl was born healthy, she started developing respiratory, neurological, and other health issues in her teenage years.
	Type 1 diabetes: B cell-derived natural antibodies suppress autoimmune pathogenesis Researchers have discovered the novel mechanism that underlies a previously reported observation that infection by group A Streptococcus bacteria reduces the risk of later developing type 1 diabetes.
	Q&A: Paxlovid to the rescue? What to know about the COVID-19 drug As the holiday and peak respiratory seasons collide, and COVID-19 cases continue a steady, weeks-long climb, doctors want high-risk people to remember: Should COVID catch them in the coming days, one call to the doctor could save Christmas—or more.
	Clozapine blood tests can be reduced after two years, finds analysis Research from the University of Queensland, supported closely by experts at the University of Adelaide, has shown that people using antipsychotic drug clozapine may not need regular blood monitoring after two years.
	Grandchild's stillbirth risk linked to grandma's weight Research has shown that pregnant women with a body mass index of 30 or higher face a greater chance of experiencing a stillbirth compared to pregnant women with a normal BMI. Now, a new University of Michigan study finds that a grandmother's BMI also relates to the risk of a grandchild being stillborn.
	Protein implicated in tumor growth found to be heavily associated with pancreatic cancer When Nancy Klauber-DeMore, M.D., began studying secreted frizzled-related protein 2, or SFRP2, it was as a breast cancer researcher and surgeon. Since she first showed in 2008 that the protein is involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis—the growth of new blood vessels to feed the tumor—she's expanded her research to include osteosarcoma, a bone cancer that mostly affects children and young adults.
	Developing technology to place minute 'marks' in the brain Researchers have developed a technology capable of deploying very small "marks" in regions of the brain where activity has been recorded.
	Membrane raft redox signaling contributes to visfatin-induced inflammation and kidney damage: Study A new research paper was published in Aging, titled, "Contribution of membrane raft redox signaling to visfatin-induced inflammasome activation and podocyte injury."
	Miami Beach: A hot spot for new HIV infections A ZIP code in Miami Beach, known for its vibrant nightlife, is a hot spot for new HIV infections.
	Vaping: lighting up, stubbing out Two decades after they first appeared, e-cigarettes have been widely credited with helping people quit smoking.
	UK COVID inquiry: How it works, and when we will know if it is successful The COVID inquiry has already made plenty of headlines, revealing the inner workings of the government and its many personalities during the pandemic. But other than gripping television, what can we ultimately expect from this exercise?
	Mental health crisis highlights access challenges, finds survey The ongoing mental health crisis is causing significant challenges for many psychologists as they grapple with demand fueled by patients presenting with increasingly severe symptoms year after year, according to APA's 2023 Practitioner Pulse Survey.
	Sleep services should move to rural Australia, report finds New research has revealed unhealthy and older men are contributing to higher rates of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in rural Australia. OSA is a condition where a person repeatedly pauses breathing while asleep due to their airways becoming wholly or partially blocked, and it is associated with various chronic diseases.
	Innovative approach to counseling with Dungeons & Dragons therapy group Over the past few years, Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) has exploded in popularity, turning up in countless television shows, movies, and podcasts. Now, the game has once again found itself somewhere new: Mental Health Services Homewood, formerly known as the Counseling Center.
	Fewer nurses coming to EU due to Brexit cost £61.9 million per year, affects readmission rates A reduction in nurses coming in from the European Union as a result of Brexit may have cost the NHS an estimated £61.9 million per year, according to a study from the University of Surrey.
	In Australia's public hospitals, post-COVID elective surgery wait times are longer than ever The number of patients undergoing elective (non-emergency) surgery in Australia's public hospitals increased by 18% from 2021–22 to 2022–23, but many patients are still facing long wait times, according to data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).
	Doctors in England to stage longest NHS strike ever Hospital doctors in England plan to strike around Christmas in their longest industrial action in the history of Britain's state-run health service, after pay talks broke down Tuesday.
	Pain relief without dependence Much attention has recently focused on the use of opioids, which include morphine and related painkillers such as oxycodone. Though regarded as a blessing for patients suffering from severe and acute pain, they can also be a curse due to their potentially addictive nature and the risk of fatal overdose.
	It's hunting season: Keep safety in your sights Hunting season has begun in many parts of the United States, with millions of Americans heading into the woods in hopes of bagging a big buck.
	From resistance to resilience: Reprogramming drug resistance signals with an artificial gene circuit device In clinical practice, drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment. The process of developing resistance is regulated by complex decision-making pathways and genetic signal networks. The cross-redundancy and compensatory mechanisms between different pathways limit the effectiveness of interventions against drug resistance.

Other Sciences news

	Hunting of straight-tusked elephants was widespread among Neanderthals 125,000 years ago, finds study Hunting the now extinct straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) was widespread among Neanderthals, concludes a research team consisting of members of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), the Leibniz-Zentrum für Archäologie (LEIZA), also based in Mainz, and Leiden University in the Netherlands. The study has recently been published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	New math approach provides insight into memory formation The simple activity of walking through a room jumpstarts the neurons in the human brain. An explosion of electrochemical events or "neuronal spikes" appears at various times during the action. These spikes in activity, otherwise known as action potentials, are electrical impulses that occur when neurons communicate with one another.
	Closer look at the Menga dolmen shows it was one of the greatest engineering feats of the Neolithic A team of archaeologists, geologists and historians affiliated with several institutions in Spain has found that the Menga dolmen represents one of the greatest engineering feats of the Neolithic. In their study, published in Scientific Reports, the group used new technology to learn more about the stone that was used to create the ancient burial site and to explore how wood and rope would have been used in its construction.
	New genetic research uncovers the lives of Bornean hunter-gatherers Borneo is one of the world's most biodiversity-rich regions, home to ancient rainforests and an immense variety of wildlife.
	Study suggests existence of a universal, nonverbal communication system Recent research conducted at Georgia State University shows that native language affects how people convey information from a young age and hints at the presence of a universal system of communication.
	Linguistics study claims that languages are louder in the tropics Languages are a key factor in human societies. They connect people, serve as a vehicle to pass on knowledge and ideas, but they also distinguish between different groups of people. Languages can therefore tell us a lot about the societies that use them. As languages are constantly changing, it is important to know the factors that play a role in this. Scientists can then reconstruct past processes on the basis of languages.
	Students around the world suffered huge learning setbacks during the pandemic, study finds Students around the world suffered historic setbacks in reading and math during the COVID-19 pandemic, with declines in test scores so widespread that the United States climbed in global rankings simply by falling behind less sharply, a new study finds.
	Hate crimes are on the rise—but the narrow legal definition makes it hard to charge and convict, researcher says With hate crimes, context is everything, and events outside of the United States—like the war between Israel and Hamas—can have far-reaching and potentially tragic consequences.
	Science is a human right—and its future is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Dec. 10 marks the anniversary of the 1948 signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in the aftermath of the Holocaust. Though contested, imperfect and unfulfilled, the declaration remains a milestone in human civilization as one of the earliest times the world came together to distill and assert general principles key to peaceful living on this planet.
	Socotra archipelago: Why the Emiratis have set their sights on the Arab world's Garden of Eden Days into COP28 in Dubai, one little-known archipelago has come into sharp relief: Socotra. Composed of four small Yemeni islands, Socotra has been in the sights of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) ever since the civil war in Yemen erupted in September 2014.
	Getting climate funds to conflict zones—a case for working with armed groups and local communities Conflict-ridden and fragile countries are among the most vulnerable to climate change and least prepared to deal with it. They are largely excluded from climate adaptation programs and funding.
	Mohamed Amin was a famous Kenyan photojournalist—there's much more to his work than images of tragedy Kenyan photojournalist Mohamed Amin (1943-1996) rose to fame for documenting the 1984 famine in neighboring Ethiopia with powerful images of the tragedy. He also captured the Ethiopian people's suffering during the brutal reign of Mengistu Haile Mariam. These images, broadcast by the BBC, shocked the global public and had a significant international impact. They mobilized governments, individuals and institutions. This even led to Live Aid—the famous 1985 benefit concert to raise funds for victims of the famine.
	If you want to avoid 'giving away your first born,' make sure you read the terms and conditions before signing contracts In 2019, a travel insurance company held a secret contest in which they included a line in the fine print of their policy promising $10,000 to the first person who spotted it.
	Holiday co-parenting after separation or divorce: 6 legal and practical tips for surviving and thriving The approaching holiday season will be the first post-split for Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Sophie Grégoire, who separated in summer 2023. It may also be the first for you.
	Even a brief experience of poverty enough to harm a children's development A one-off experience of poverty is enough to impact on a child's development, according to a new study conducted by sociologists in Trinity College Dublin.
	Implementing a basic income means overcoming myths about the 'undeserving poor' Newfoundland and Labrador recently announced plans to introduce a basic income for people aged 60-64 receiving social assistance. It is slated to roll out in April 2024 and will match existing federal seniors' benefits.
	From excitement to disillusionment—new research identifies 4 emotional stages of professional careers Lawyers progress through four distinct emotional stages in their fight to get to the top and secure a coveted partnership role, according to new research from the University of Bath's School of Management.
	Workplace culture is preventing men from taking paternity leave In many countries, even those with paternity leave enshrined in law, workplace culture and gendered roles in childcare remain stubbornly regressive.
	How 'angry feminist claims' have the power to inform and mobilize voters Kimberly Killen was an undergraduate at Wellesley College, which counts Hillary Rodham Clinton as an alumna, during the 2008 presidential election—in which Clinton was an early candidate.
	Narratives clash in the war taking place on social media In April 2022 a video was uploaded to YouTube in which an elderly woman greets Ukrainian soldiers waving the Soviet flag. One of the soldiers takes the flag from her and treads on it. The woman says in Russian: "My parents died for that flag, and now you're stepping on it." The video quickly went viral. The woman was turned into a symbol, "Babushka Z," who also appeared outside social media in drawings, murals and statues. She was used to justify Russian military action and support the Russian version of the legitimacy of the war.
	From a fossil to an animal skin: Authentic objects vs replicas in museum education programs Educators in European science museums sometimes think rather differently about the definition of an "authentic" object. They think carefully about how they present those objects to teach visitors something or make them curious.
	Incarcerated women punished at higher rates for minor infractions than men, study shows A study from The University of Texas at El Paso reveals a gender disparity in prison infractions that disproportionately affects women.
	Digital goods generate more than $2.5 trillion in consumer welfare a year, research finds Digital goods are products or services that can only be purchased, transferred, and delivered online (e.g., e-books, downloadable music, online games). Such goods can generate significant benefits for consumers, but because most of them are free, the benefits are largely unmeasured in national accounts such as gross domestic product (GDP) and productivity.
	AI tool could increase the number of people exiting homelessness, reduce racial bias in services: Report USC researchers have developed an artificial intelligence tool they recommend as one of several measures that would help homeless service agencies control for potential biases and ensure that applicants have a fair chance at getting housing.
	Scandinavia's oldest known ship burial is located in mid-Norway This summer, archaeologists and a metal detectorist conducted a small survey of Herlaugshagen, at Leka in the northern part of Trøndelag County. They found something amazing.
	Digital marketplace: The role of probabilistic selling strategies in the travel industry In today's digital age, the travel industry is undergoing a significant transformation, with online platforms becoming central hubs for a variety of travel services. These platforms allow travelers to search, compare, and make purchases, moving beyond traditional offline methods.
	Alabama researchers get $2.5 million to study impact of court fines, fees nationally For many, a $200 traffic ticket can devastate their households' savings and finances.
	As school students strike for climate once more, here's how the movement and its tactics have changed On Friday, students will once again down textbooks and laptops and go on strike for climate action. Many will give their schools a Climate Doctor's Certificate signed by three leading climate academics.
	Services across England now lag far behind East Germany, as experts call for 'universal basic infrastructure' in UK A new report outlines the dismal state of England's physical and "social" infrastructure—from public services in health and education to the parks, cinemas and train stations that prop up communities—when compared to similar regions in what was once East Germany.
	Study links political civility to the productivity of state legislatures Bill Schreckhise and Eric Button, professors of political science at the University of Arkansas, recently published a study with three co-authors showing that the extent to which state legislators behave in a civil manner among themselves is related to how effective they are at passing legislation.
	Essay emphasizes need for antiblackness framework to reduce inequality in school discipline According to an essay published in Educational Researcher, a decade of colorblind school discipline policy reforms have not disproportionally benefited Black students who remain the most often disciplined in schools and miss valuable classroom learning time. Given that fact, the authors say interventions directly targeting antiblackness in school policies and practices are needed.
	Study: German youth show weaker performance in math, reading and science compared to 2018 Young people in Germany are less proficient in mathematics, reading and science as compared to 2018. This is revealed in a PISA study. About one-third of the 15-year-olds tested achieved only a very low level of proficiency in at least one of the three subjects. The results confirmed a downward trend already in evidence in the preceding PISA studies. The mathematics and reading scores of German students are only at OECD average levels. They remain above that level only in natural sciences.
	The future of urban mobility in emerging economies Urbanization presents major challenges not only for industrialized nations, but also for emerging countries, particularly when it comes to their future transport infrastructure. The "Emerging Urban Mobility" study carried out by Fraunhofer IAO looks at the demand for mobility and current challenges experienced in emerging economies and also identifies solutions for the future of urban mobility.
	A theoretical framework for integrating diversity and organizational embeddedness To create diverse, equitable, and inclusive workplaces, retaining and motivating valued employees from all social groups is the key. However, for managers and leaders, that is quite challenging.
	Review of education highlights network ethnography in researching global education policy The word "mobility" conjures up images and ideas of the movement of people, capital, and things from one place to another. The globalized world of the 21st century has ushered in an era of "new mobility" studies fronted by sociology researchers and human geography scholars. It encompasses not only the diverse movements of people, including tourists and corporate elites, and the associated regulatory policies like border control but also the flow of finances across various sectors and the transportation of goods and services, spanning from waste disposal to organ transport.

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