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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for December 28, 2023:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Nanotechnology news
 | Developing nanocatalysts to overcome limitations of water electrolysis technologyGreen hydrogen can be produced through water electrolysis technology, which uses renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen without emitting carbon dioxide. However, the production cost of green hydrogen is currently around $5 per kilogram, which is two to three times higher than gray hydrogen obtained from natural gas. |
Physics news
 | Beyond boundaries: Exploring exotic nuclear landscapes and their cosmic implicationsResearchers at Peking University in China have successfully observed the elusive 02+ state of 8He, revealing a novel cluster structure with two strongly correlated neutron pairs. This finding provides insights into exotic nuclear structures and their potential implications for understanding neutron stars. The findings are published in Physical Review Letters. |
Earth news
 | Vietnam's Ha Long Bay losing its hueVietnam's Ha Long Bay is losing its famous turquoise hue as pollution and over-development threaten its wildlife and picture-perfect image. |
 | Oil spill blackens part of Venezuela's western coastAn oil spill is sloshing tarry ooze onto beaches in the state of Carabobo along Venezuela's western coastline, several environmental groups said on Wednesday. |
Astronomy and Space news
 | Indian astronomers explore open cluster NGC 6940 with AstroSatUsing the AstroSat spacecraft, astronomers from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science in Pilani, India, have investigated a nearby open cluster NGC 6940. Results of the observational campaign, published December 21 on the pre-print server arXiv, shed more light on the properties and stellar populations of this cluster. |
 | Further evidence for quark-matter cores in massive neutron starsNeutron-star cores contain matter at the highest densities reached in our present-day universe, with as much as two solar masses of matter compressed inside a sphere of 25 km in diameter. These astrophysical objects can indeed be thought of as giant atomic nuclei, with gravity compressing their cores to densities exceeding those of individual protons and neutrons many-fold. |
 | Russia, NASA agree to continue joint ISS flights until 2025Russian and US space agencies have agreed to keep working together to deliver crews to the International Space Station (ISS) until at least 2025, Russian corporation Roscosmos said Thursday. |
 | Japan sets third launch attempt of next-gen rocket for FebruaryJapan's space agency announced Thursday it will launch its next-generation H3 rocket in February after two failed attempts early this year. |
 | Studying combustion and fire safetyResearch on the International Space Station is helping scientists to understand how fire spreads and behaves in different environments and learn how to prevent and extinguish fires in space. |
Technology news
 | Can large language models detect sarcasm?Large language models (LLMs) are advanced deep learning algorithms that can analyze prompts in various human languages, subsequently generating realistic and exhaustive answers. This promising class of natural language processing (NLP) models has become increasingly popular after the release of Open AI's ChatGPT platform, which can rapidly answer a wide range of user queries and generate convincing written texts for different uses. |
 | Apple flash: Our smart devices will soon be smarterOur smart devices take voice commands from us, check our heartbeats, track our sleep, translate text, send us reminders, capture photos and movies, and let us talk to family and friends continents away. |
 | Piezo composites with carbon fibers for motion sensorsAn international research group has engineered a novel, high-strength flexible device by combining piezoelectric composites with unidirectional carbon fiber (UDCF), an anisotropic material that provides strength only in the direction of the fibers. The new device transforms kinetic energy from human motion into electricity, providing an efficient and reliable means for high-strength and self-powered sensors. |
 | Researchers use AI chatbots against themselves to 'jailbreak' each otherComputer scientists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have managed to compromise multiple artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, including ChatGPT, Google Bard and Microsoft Bing Chat, to produce content that breaches their developers' guidelines—an outcome known as "jailbreaking." |
 | Amazon Prime ads on movies and TV shows will begin in late JanuaryIf you are an Amazon Prime Video user, get ready to see ads on movies and TV shows starting next month. |
Chemistry news
 | Oral peptides: A new era in drug developmentFor decades, a substantial number of proteins, vital for treating various diseases, have remained elusive to oral drug therapy. Traditional small molecules often struggle to bind to proteins with flat surfaces or require specificity for particular protein homologs. Typically, larger biologics that can target these proteins demand injection, limiting patient convenience and accessibility. |
 | Novel strategy stabilizes zinc-ion batteriesAccording to a study published in Advanced Functional Materials, a research team led by Prof. Hu Linhua from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that adding disodium maleate (DMA) to the electrolyte of aqueous zinc-ion batteries would lead to the growth of the preferred Zn (002) texture, which could effectively inhibit the growth of zinc (Zn) dendrite and improve the reversibility and cyclability of batteries. |
 | Enantiomeric lead-free double perovskites rationally designed by achiral-chiral cation intercalationChiral optical materials have attracted great attention in multiple disciplines due to their wide application value in fields such as remote sensing, three-dimensional display, information communication, and optical information storage. With the strong demand for stable and environmentally-friendly materials, two-dimensional, chiral, lead-free halide double perovskites are expected to generate rich chiroptical and optoelectronic properties. |
Biology news
 | 'What's on today's menu?': Why it's important to study the trophic behavior of local predatorsTrophic ecology is the study of the food chain. On Tenerife in the Canary Islands, feral cats feast chiefly on rabbits, mice, rats, and native birds and reptiles. But new research shows that since 1986, the island's wild cats have experienced a significant shift in their dietary composition, which bodes poorly for several native species. |
 | New reptile on the block: A new iguana species discovered in ChinaA new iguana joins Asia's rich reptile fauna, officially described as new to science in the open-access journal ZooKeys. |
 | In Colombia, illegally felled timber repurposed to help beesIn northeast Colombia, police guard warehouses stacked high with confiscated timber with a noble new destiny: transformation into homes for bees beleaguered by pesticides and climate change. |
 | BarbNet: Awn phenotyping with advanced deep learning, potential applications in the automation of barley awns sortingAwns, bristle-like extensions on grass crops like wheat and barley, are vital for protection and seed dispersal, with barbs on their surface playing a crucial role. While the genetic basis of barb formation has been explored through genome-wide association and genetic mapping, the detailed analysis of these small, variable structures poses a challenge. |
 | Newborn southern resident orca spotted in Puget SoundThe J pod of endangered southern resident orcas has a new baby. |
 | As tree species face decline, 'assisted migration' gains popularity in Pacific NorthwestAs native trees in the Pacific Northwest die off due to climate changes, the U.S. Forest Service, Portland, Oregon and citizen groups around Puget Sound are turning to a deceptively simple climate adaptation strategy called "assisted migration." |
 | Juvenile sperm whale euthanized after stranding on North Carolina beachA juvenile sperm whale that appeared to be in poor health was euthanized Wednesday after stranding on a North Carolina beach. |
 | Court orders New Caledonia to stop culling sharksA court in New Caledonia on Thursday ordered the authorities to stop hunting sharks, saying multiple culls were a "disproportionate" response to any danger to swimmers. |
Medicine and Health news
 | Scientists solve 18-year-old mystery and find the once-elusive source of a critical T cell populationOne of the more rigorous debates in immunology has centered on the origin of an enigmatic T cell population that possesses properties imparting memory and stem cell–like qualities, but facts about their genesis were so elusive that debate has raged for nearly two decades about the source of these vital immune system constituents. |
 | New form of immunotherapy under investigation for cancer that resists conventional T cell therapiesMedical investigators are theorizing that a combination of two treatments that activate myeloid cells may effectively treat a recalcitrant form of pancreatic cancer that thwarts conventional immunotherapy. |
 | Researchers make breakthrough in fighting a leading cause of fungal pneumoniaScientists at Tulane University School of Medicine have developed a promising new model to study a pneumonia-causing fungus that has been notoriously difficult to culture in a lab. |
 | Fascia: The most neglected part of our body is finally starting to receive attentionWe are constantly reminded about how exercise benefits our bone and muscle health or reduces fat. However, there is also a growing interest in one element of our anatomy that is often overlooked: our fascia. |
 | Magnets, mating and metallic objects—cautionary tales from the MRI scannerA 57-year-old woman from Wisconsin recently sustained a rather unfortunate injury to her buttock. She had attended the hospital for an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan and had entered the machine with a concealed firearm. The machine's powerful magnet caused the gun to discharge. |
 | You can't reverse the aging process but these 5 things can help you live longerAt this time of year many of us resolve to prioritize our health. So it is no surprise there's a roaring trade of products purporting to guarantee you live longer, be healthier and look more youthful. |
 | Going for a walk wasn't really a thing 300 years ago—the Victorians turned it into a popular pastimeGoing for a walk is always a good idea. Perhaps, if you are lucky enough, this might be a hike along ragged cliffs or trudge along a chilly beach with family. Many of us, however, have to take to the pavements of Britain's towns and cities for our post-lunch walks. |
 | When a quick telehealth visit yields multiple surprises beyond a big billIn September 2022, Elyse Greenblatt of Queens, New York, returned home from a trip to Rwanda with a rather unwelcome-back gift: persistent congestion. |
 | Researchers find that regret is rarer than believed among patients who undergo gender affirming surgeryIn a Viewpoint article published in JAMA Surgery, three Johns Hopkins researchers urge the medical community to dismiss a widely held, but scientifically unsupported belief that many people who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD), and undergo gender affirming surgery (GAS), later regret their decision to undergo such procedures. |
 | New research provides fresh insights into egg usage, donation and disposal after egg freezingNew research from Monash University and Monash IVF has reported for the first time on outcomes following egg freezing in Australia, including patient return rates and the fate of unused eggs. |
 | Study finds ED visits for schizophrenia spectrum disorders up after pandemic onsetThe number of emergency department visits for schizophrenia spectrum disorders increased after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a study published online Dec. 27 in JAMA Network Open. |
 | Pregnancy, flu and importance of vaccination]A recent study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) finds that when mothers receive the flu vaccine, their babies experience fewer hospitalizations and emergency room visits for the flu, particularly if the baby is under three months old or born to a mother who received the vaccine in the third trimester. |
 | Blue Ridge Beef raw pet food recalled due to salmonella riskBlue Ridge Beef, a maker of raw pet foods, has announced it is recalling some of its products for kittens and puppies because of possible contamination with salmonella and listeria. |
 | Quality of low-carb diets affects weight change in U.S. adults, finds studyThe quality of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) is associated with weight change among U.S. adults, according to a study published online Dec. 27 in JAMA Network Open. |
 | Study suggests Hispanic, Indigenous Americans undercaptured in National Cancer DatabaseHispanic and American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer have been undercaptured in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), but their representation is improving, according to a study published online Dec. 27 in JAMA Network Open. |
 | ChatGPT provides accurate nutritional information, research findsChatGPT can be a useful and convenient tool for people who want to know nutritional information of specific food items, according to a research letter published online Dec. 27 in JAMA Network Open. |
 | Researchers find risk of miscarriage increases with benzodiazepine use in pregnancyAfter accounting for measurable confounders, the risk for miscarriage is increased in association with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy, according to a study published online Dec. 27 in JAMA Psychiatry. |
 | A new test could save arthritis patients time, money and pain. But will it be used?Erinn Maury knew Remicade wasn't the right drug for Patti Schulte, a rheumatoid arthritis patient the physician saw at her Millersville, Maryland, practice. Schulte's swollen, painful joints hadn't responded to Enbrel or Humira, two drugs in the same class. |
 | Stigma against gay men could worsen Congo's biggest mpox outbreak, scientists warnAs Congo copes with its biggest outbreak of mpox, scientists warn discrimination against gay and bisexual men on the continent could make it worse. |
 | Radiation therapy for cancer pain reliefPatients with cancer have another tool in their toolbox for managing pain. Palliative radiation therapy is an effective option for relieving body aches associated with cancer. |
 | Zambia steps up anti-cholera campaign as deaths mountZambia stepped up a campaign to halt a surge in cholera cases Thursday as the number of deaths this year crept toward 100. |
Other Sciences news
 | What's the truth behind the 'shoplifting epidemic'? Six key questions answeredAccording to media reports, in 2023 the UK experienced an unprecedented wave of shoplifting. The theory goes that the cost of living crisis and poor police responses are driving a crime wave. |
 | Older workers still struggle with work-life balance—and there's no one-size-fits-all remedyThe idea that we can comfortably manage all the different facets of life—work, family, other responsibilities—is certainly appealing. But in reality, there is no one-size-fits-all solution to work-life balance—especially for older workers. |
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